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<mods:title id="2BF29C83264FDB6355657CC8CBC85EA0">A phylogeny-based revision of the shrimp genera Altelatipes, Benthonectes and Benthesicymus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Benthesicymidae)</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="74E64D51FFA8FF99691C994855C55770" ID-CoL="9XCP7" authority="SPENCE BATE, 1881" authorityName="Spence Bate" authorityYear="1881" box="[256,685,1061,1086]" class="Malacostraca" family="Benthesicymidae" genus="Benthesicymus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="220" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8192EAC0FFA8FF99691C994856AB5772" box="[256,451,1061,1084]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="220">BENTHESICYMUS</emphasis>
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, 1881
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<emphasis id="8192EAC0FFA8FF9968BF992056D8572B" box="[163,432,1101,1125]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="220">Emended diagnosis:</emphasis>
Integument membraneous; rostrum overreaching distal corneal margin; carapace with developed branchiostegal spine set on anterior margin; pleon with fourth to sixth somitess dorsally carinate, fourth somite posteriorly crenate, sixth somite posterodorsally straight; telson with posterior, triangular end-piece between apical spines, with two to three pairs of moveable dorsolateral spines and a single pair of apical spines. First maxilliped with exopod distally abruptly narrowing to a segmented distal part; second maxilliped greatly expanded, less than three times as long as broad; third maxilliped with subtriangular dactylus bearing a single strong spine at tip. First pereopod with a distal tooth on basis and ischium; fourth and fifth pereopods with dactyl slender, entire. Thelycum with a strong sharp medial ventrally directed tooth on S6 or S8, S7 with a sharp protuberance projecting anteriorly far beyond this segment. Petasma with a fan-like serrate appendix on PI and PM greatly modified, PE not distally produced.
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<emphasis id="8192EAC0FFA8FF996B279C4F53725274" box="[827,1050,290,314]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="220">Species included:</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="8192EAC0FFA8FF996C3A9C49522F5274" box="[1062,1351,292,314]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="220">Benthesicymus crenatus</emphasis>
Spence
<bibRefCitation id="D7774B23FFA8FF996B279C2E54DB5216" author="Bate CS" box="[827,947,323,344]" pageId="13" pageNumber="220" pagination="169 - 196" refId="ref11408" refString="Bate CS. 1881. On the Penaeidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5 8: 169-196." type="journal article" year="1881">Bate, 1881</bibRefCitation>
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,
<emphasis id="8192EAC0FFA8FF996BDC9C2E548B5216" box="[960,995,323,344]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="220">Be.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="8192EAC0FFA8FF996BF59C2F53335219" box="[1001,1115,322,343]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="220">laciniatus</emphasis>
Rathbun, 1906
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.
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<typeStatus id="6C5D8870FFA8FF996B279CEC541D52D6" box="[827,885,385,408]" pageId="13" pageNumber="220">Type</typeStatus>
species:
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(subsequently designated by Spence Bate, 1888).
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<emphasis id="8192EAC0FFA8FF996B279CB254D952B9" box="[827,945,479,503]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="220">Remarks:</emphasis>
Two species of this genus were described, but most of the distinguishing characters (see undated summary in: Yang &amp; Chan, 2019) may be linked to observed specimens being of a different age. Indeed, individuals of
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Be.
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are generally larger, have the hepatic spine and more teeth on the rostrum and on the crenation of the fourth pleura. These characters included in the key below should, therefore, be considered cautiously. The only reliable character is the morphology of the thelycum in adults: the large tooth is present on S
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or on S
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Be.
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. Regrettably, in most reports, the thelycum is not illustrated with necessary accuracy and in detail (e.g. Yang &amp; Chan, 2019).
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<emphasis id="8192EAC0FFA8FF996B279EC353CF5088" box="[827,1191,942,966]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="220">Geographical distribution:</emphasis>
Central and North Pacific, North Atlantic, western Indian Ocean.
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</treatment>
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<emphasis id="8192EAC0FFA8FF996B2799DF54EF5789" box="[827,903,1202,1223]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="220">LSID:</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="8192EAC0FFA8FF996B27986A54D45650" box="[827,956,1287,1310]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="220">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Integument membraneous; carapace with developed branchiostegal spine set on anterior margin, hepatic spine present; pleon with fourth to sixth somites dorsally carinate, fourth somite posteriorly entire, sixth somite posterodorsally straight; telson with posterior, triangular end-piece between apical spines, with two to three pairs of moveable dorsolateral spines and a single pair of apical spines. First maxilliped with exopod distally abruptly narrowing to a segmented distal part; second maxilliped greatly expanded, less than three times as long as broad; third maxilliped with subtriangular dactylus bearing a single strong spine
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<mods:title id="BE8CD34AAA3643334A1FE43D58214041">A phylogeny-based revision of the shrimp genera Altelatipes, Benthonectes and Benthesicymus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Benthesicymidae)</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="8192EAC0FFABFF9A6B359E3C54DE5026" box="[809,950,849,872]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="221">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Integument membraneous; carapace with developed branchiostegal spine set on anterior margin, no hepatic spine; pleon with fourth to sixth somites dorsally carinate, fourth somite posteriorly entire, sixth somite with posterodorsal curvature; telson with posterior, triangular end-piece between apical spines, with two to three pairs of moveable dorsolateral spines and a single pair of apical spines. First maxilliped with exopod distally gently tapering to tip; second maxilliped expanded moderately, more than three times as long as broad; third maxilliped with subrectangular dactylus, bearing several strong spines at tip. First pereopod with basis and ischium unarmed; fourth and fifth pereopods with dactyl slender, entire. Thelycum without median tooth on S6 or S8, S6 with a pair of posterior setose protuberances, S7 as a suboval scutum directed forward and covered with solitary sensory setae. Petasma with PM bearing long lashes set in numerous rows to form a grasping structure, PE not distally produced.
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1. Merus of second maxilliped&gt;3½ times as long as broad. ...............................................................
<taxonomicName id="74E64D51FFABFF9A6CEA9B44521F5570" authorityName="Vereshchaka &amp; Corbari &amp; Kulagin &amp; Lunina &amp; Olesen" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Burkenroad" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[1270,1399,1577,1598]" class="Malacostraca" family="Benthesicymidae" genus="Bathicaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strabus">
<emphasis id="8192EAC0FFABFF9A6CEA9B44521F5570" box="[1270,1399,1577,1598]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="221">Ba. strabus</emphasis>
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- Merus of second maxilliped &lt;three times as long as broad ...............................................................................2 2. Third and fourth pleonic somites each with a posterior dorsomedian tooth...................................................3 - Third and fourth pleonic somites without posterior dorsomedian teeth ..........................................................4 3. Third pleonic somite with a posterior dorsomedian tooth .......................................................
<taxonomicName id="74E64D51FFABFF9A6CD49BC9521055F6" box="[1224,1400,1699,1721]" class="Malacostraca" family="Benthesicymidae" genus="Benthesicymus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="8192EAC0FFABFF9A6CD49BC9521055F6" box="[1224,1400,1699,1721]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="221">Ba. brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- Third pleonic somite without posterior dorsomedian tooth............................................................
<taxonomicName id="74E64D51FFABFF9A6CF79BAE521F5596" authorityName="Vereshchaka &amp; Corbari &amp; Kulagin &amp; Lunina &amp; Olesen" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Burkenroad" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[1259,1399,1731,1752]" class="Malacostraca" family="Benthesicymidae" genus="Bathicaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urinator">
<emphasis id="8192EAC0FFABFF9A6CF79BAE521F5596" box="[1259,1399,1731,1752]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="221">Ba. urinator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
4. Fifth pleonic somite with a posterior dorsomedian tooth ............................................................
<taxonomicName id="74E64D51FFABFF9A6CF89B8C521055B8" authorityName="Vereshchaka &amp; Corbari &amp; Kulagin &amp; Lunina &amp; Olesen" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Tirmizi" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[1252,1400,1761,1782]" class="Malacostraca" family="Benthesicymidae" genus="Bathicaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seymouri">
<emphasis id="8192EAC0FFABFF9A6CF89B8C521055B8" box="[1252,1400,1761,1782]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="221">Ba. seymouri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- Fifth pleonic somite without posterior dorsomedian tooth................................................................................5 5. Sixth pleonic somite with a posterior dorsomedian tooth.................................................................
<taxonomicName id="74E64D51FFABFF9A6D199A725210547A" authorityName="Vereshchaka &amp; Corbari &amp; Kulagin &amp; Lunina &amp; Olesen" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Burkenroad" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[1285,1400,1823,1844]" class="Malacostraca" family="Benthesicymidae" genus="Bathicaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cereus">
<emphasis id="8192EAC0FFABFF9A6D199A725210547A" box="[1285,1400,1823,1844]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="221">Ba. cereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- Sixth pleonic somite without posterior dorsomedian tooth ..........................................................
<taxonomicName id="74E64D51FFABFF9A6CC69A50521F541C" authorityName="Vereshchaka &amp; Corbari &amp; Kulagin &amp; Lunina &amp; Olesen" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Spence Bate" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[1242,1399,1853,1874]" class="Malacostraca" family="Benthesicymidae" genus="Benthesicymus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iridescens">Ba. iridescens</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="8192EAC0FFAAFF9B68BF9DA8561B5393" box="[163,371,197,221]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="222">Species included:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="74E64D51FFAAFF9B69649DAA546D5392" authority="(Spence Bate, 1881)" authorityName="Vereshchaka &amp; Corbari &amp; Kulagin &amp; Lunina &amp; Olesen" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Spence Bate" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[376,773,199,220]" class="Malacostraca" family="Benthesicymidae" genus="Dalicaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="altus" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="8192EAC0FFAAFF9B69649DAA55485392" box="[376,544,199,220]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="222">Dalicaris altus</emphasis>
(Spence
<bibRefCitation id="D7774B23FFAAFF9B6A989DAA55935392" author="Bate CS" box="[644,763,199,220]" pageId="15" pageNumber="222" pagination="169 - 196" refId="ref11408" refString="Bate CS. 1881. On the Penaeidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5 8: 169-196." type="journal article" year="1881">Bate, 1881</bibRefCitation>
)
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,
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<emphasis id="8192EAC0FFAAFF9B68BF9C5F56565207" box="[163,318,306,329]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="222">
<typeStatus id="6C5D8870FFAAFF9B68BF9C5F57B45207" box="[163,220,306,329]" pageId="15" pageNumber="222">Type</typeStatus>
species:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="74E64D51FFAAFF9B69599C5E546D5206" authority="Spence Bate, 1881" authorityName="Spence Bate" authorityYear="1881" box="[325,773,307,328]" class="Malacostraca" family="Benthesicymidae" genus="Benthesicymus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="altus">
<emphasis id="8192EAC0FFAAFF9B69599C5E55465206" box="[325,558,307,328]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="222">Benthesicymus altus</emphasis>
Spence
<bibRefCitation id="D7774B23FFAAFF9B6A909C5E546D5206" author="Bate CS" box="[652,773,307,328]" pageId="15" pageNumber="222" pagination="169 - 196" refId="ref11408" refString="Bate CS. 1881. On the Penaeidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5 8: 169-196." type="journal article" year="1881">Bate, 1881</bibRefCitation>
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, by monotypy.
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<emphasis id="8192EAC0FFAAFF9B68BF9CE2564752E9" box="[163,303,399,423]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="222">Etymology:</emphasis>
After the artist Salvador Dalí and from Greek καρίς, shrimp; a reference to a characteristic petasma, which resembles paintings of this prominent Spanish surrealist.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="8192EAC0FFAAFF9B68BF9F46554D510D" box="[163,549,555,580]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="222">Authorship of generic name:</emphasis>
The phylogenetic basis for the erection of this genus was prepared by Vereshchaka &amp; Lunina, who are thus solely responsible for making the generic name
<taxonomicName id="74E64D51FFAAFF9B69EE9FE4553351D0" authorityName="Vereshchaka &amp; Corbari &amp; Kulagin &amp; Lunina &amp; Olesen" authorityYear="2020" box="[498,603,649,670]" class="Malacostraca" family="Benthesicymidae" genus="Dalicaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8192EAC0FFAAFF9B69EE9FE4553351D0" box="[498,603,649,670]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="222">Dalicaris</emphasis>
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available.
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<emphasis id="8192EAC0FFAAFF9B68BF9FAA56965191" box="[163,510,711,735]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="222">Geographical distribution:</emphasis>
South Atlantic, Indo-West Pacific, eastern Pacific.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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114
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<heading id="E81181BEFFB5FF8468A9994555BC570E" box="[181,724,1063,1088]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="223" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="8192EAC0FFB5FF8468A9994556225771" box="[181,330,1064,1087]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="223">ALTELATIPES</emphasis>
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&amp;
<smallCapsWord id="B5BFA00EFFB5FF8469FA994A55E75771" baselines="1082,1082" box="[486,655,1063,1088]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Vereshchaka" pageId="16" pageNumber="223">VERESHCHAKA</smallCapsWord>
, 2008
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<emphasis id="8192EAC0FFB5FF84688D992256F65729" box="[145,414,1103,1127]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="223">Emended diagnosis:</emphasis>
Integument membraneous; rostrum not reaching distal corneal margin; carapace with developed branchiostegal spine set on anterior margin, no hepatic spine; pleon with third to sixth somites dorsally carinate, fourth somite posteriorly entire, sixth somite posterodorsally straight; telson with posterior, triangular end-piece between apical spines, with two to three pairs of moveable dorsolateral spines and a single pair of apical spines. First maxilliped with exopod distally abruptly narrowing to a segmented distal part; second maxilliped greatly expanded, less than three times as long as broad; third maxilliped with subtriangular dactylus bearing 0–1 strong spine at tip. First pereopod with basis and ischium unarmed; fourth and fifth pereopods with dactyl slender, entire. Thelycum without median tooth on S6 or S8, no posterior setose protuberances on S6, S7 with a suboval protuberance projecting anteroventrally, no additional posteriorly directed scutum, S8 with tufts of sensory setae extending from deep invaginations. Petasma basally setose, greatly elongate with concave outer margin, PM serrate, PE not distally produced.
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<emphasis id="8192EAC0FFB5FF846B359FBD536E51A9" box="[809,1030,719,743]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="223">Species included:</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="8192EAC0FFB5FF846C0E9FBC524A51A8" box="[1042,1314,721,742]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="223">Altelatipes brevirostris</emphasis>
(
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)
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,
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<emphasis id="8192EAC0FFB5FF846C3D9F9D53AD504B" box="[1057,1221,752,773]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="223">A. carinatus</emphasis>
(Smith, 1884)
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,
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Crosnier &amp; Vereshchaka, 2008
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.
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<emphasis id="8192EAC0FFB5FF846B359E2054A6502A" box="[809,974,845,868]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="223">
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species:
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Crosnier &amp; Vereshchaka, 2008
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.
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<emphasis id="8192EAC0FFB5FF846B359EC653FA508D" box="[809,1170,939,963]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="223">Geographical distribution:</emphasis>
North Atlantic and Caribbean, Indo-West Pacific.
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<emphasis id="8192EAC0FFB5FF846BAA990853055732" box="[950,1133,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="223">BENTHONECTES</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="8192EAC0FFB5FF846B3599E0535E57EB" box="[809,1078,1165,1189]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="223">Emended diagnosis:</emphasis>
Integument membraneous; carapace with developed branchiostegal spine set on anterior margin, hepatic spine present; pleon with fourth to sixth somites dorsally carinate, fourth
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(
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5
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, figs 13 c–d, 18 e–h, pl. A: 3–4, pl. B: 3–4.
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<emphasis id="1CA063542914FFC82E79FF7A0B4F60B4" box="[809,888,197,218]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="193">Pholoe</emphasis>
cf.
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[synonymy adopted from
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locality:
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Z. 1983.84.1), wet slide with dissected elytron
<collectionCode id="48C527832914FFC82EA8FE4F0C06626B" box="[1016,1073,496,517]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7sv4-pazk" name="Royal Scottish Museum" pageId="15" pageNumber="193">RSM</collectionCode>
Z. 1983.84.12
</materialsCitation>
).
<materialsCitation id="9EBCB51B2914FFC829BCFE4F0C9A622C" collectingDate="1911-03-15" collectionCode="RSM" collectorName="Irish Fisheries" country="United Kingdom" location="Berwickshire" municipality="St. Abbs" pageId="15" pageNumber="193" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="1CA063542914FFC829BCFE4F0D6C626B" box="[1260,1371,496,517]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="193">
<typeStatus id="F16F01E42914FFC829BCFE4F0D63626B" box="[1260,1364,496,517]" pageId="15" pageNumber="193" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="56C3FFD62914FFC82833FE4F0DBA626B" box="[1379,1421,496,517]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="15" pageNumber="193">UK</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="2B0BE99D2914FFC82E79FDB10BF2624A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A67D0E502914FFD42DAFFD23090E6159:2B0BE99D2914FFC82E79FDB10BF2624A" box="[809,965,526,548]" country="United Kingdom" municipality="St. Abbs" name="Berwickshire" pageId="15" pageNumber="193">Berwickshire</location>
, off
<collectingMunicipality id="CE0F253C2914FFC82EA7FDB00C6F624A" box="[1015,1112,526,548]" pageId="15" pageNumber="193">St. Abbs</collectingMunicipality>
,
<date id="5A6A99862914FFC82935FDB10D21624A" box="[1125,1302,526,548]" pageId="15" pageNumber="193" value="1911-03-15">
<collectingDate id="4A2E606E2914FFC82935FDB10D21624A" box="[1125,1302,526,548]" pageId="15" pageNumber="193" value="1911-03-15">15 March 1911</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll.
<collectorName id="8321DA902914FFC82808FDB10BA4622D" pageId="15" pageNumber="193">Irish Fisheries</collectorName>
, 1 af (
<collectionCode id="48C527832914FFC82E87FD920C26622C" box="[983,1041,557,578]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7sv4-pazk" name="Royal Scottish Museum" pageId="15" pageNumber="193">RSM</collectionCode>
Z. 1983.84.2)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E6BBF462914FFD72E79FDD30A9F6399" blockId="15.[809,1425,620,856]" lastBlockId="16.[163,779,197,1016]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="194" pageId="15" pageNumber="193">
<emphasis id="1CA063542914FFC82E79FDD30C3C62EF" box="[809,1035,620,641]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="193">Non-type material:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="9EBCB51B2914FFC82949FDD30C0E62D0" collectingDate="1998-05-14" country="Norway" elevation="319" latitude="60.711334" location="Stn" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="3.5123334" municipality="North Atlantic Ocean" pageId="15" pageNumber="193" specimenCode="ZSRO-P700" specimenCount="1">
<collectingMunicipality id="CE0F253C2914FFC82949FDD30D1762EF" box="[1049,1312,620,642]" pageId="15" pageNumber="193">North Atlantic Ocean</collectingMunicipality>
:
<collectingCountry id="56C3FFD62914FFC8287DFDD30DBB62EF" box="[1325,1420,620,641]" name="Norway" pageId="15" pageNumber="193">Norway</collectingCountry>
:
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D9812914FFC82E79FD350B9E62CE" box="[809,937,650,672]" degrees="60" direction="north" minutes="42.68" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="193" precision="9" value="60.711334">60°42.68’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D9812914FFC82EE5FD340C1262CE" box="[949,1061,651,672]" degrees="3" direction="east" minutes="30.74" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="193" precision="9" value="3.5123334">3°30.74’E</geoCoordinate>
,
<location id="2B0BE99D2914FFC82962FD340C6C62CE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A67D0E502914FFD42DAFFD23090E6159:2B0BE99D2914FFC82962FD340C6C62CE" box="[1074,1115,651,672]" country="Norway" latitude="60.711334" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="3.5123334" municipality="North Atlantic Ocean" name="Stn" pageId="15" pageNumber="193">Stn</location>
44–5,
<date id="5A6A99862914FFC829F9FD340D7562CE" box="[1193,1346,651,672]" pageId="15" pageNumber="193" value="1998-05-14">
<collectingDate id="4A2E606E2914FFC829F9FD340D7562CE" box="[1193,1346,651,672]" pageId="15" pageNumber="193" value="1998-05-14">14 May 1998</collectingDate>
</date>
, depth
<quantity id="E92C12A32914FFC82E79FD160B5962D1" box="[809,878,681,703]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.19" pageId="15" pageNumber="193" unit="m" value="319.0">
<elevation id="A5F958752914FFC82E79FD160B5962D1" box="[809,878,681,703]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.19" pageId="15" pageNumber="193" unit="m" value="319.0">319 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 1 af (
<specimenCode id="7E72173D2914FFC82EF8FD160C0662D0" box="[936,1073,681,702]" collectionCode="ZSRO-P" pageId="15" pageNumber="193">ZSRO-P700</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="9EBCB51B2914FFC82911FD160D2162B3" collectingDate="1998-05-16" country="Norway" elevation="181" latitude="60.7885" location="Stn" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="2.9136667" pageId="15" pageNumber="193" specimenCode="ZSRO-P701" specimenCount="1">
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D9812914FFC82911FD160C8962D1" box="[1089,1214,681,703]" degrees="60" direction="north" minutes="47.31" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="193" precision="9" value="60.7885">60°47.31’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D9812914FFC82995FD160D0462D1" box="[1221,1331,681,703]" degrees="2" direction="east" minutes="54.82" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="193" precision="9" value="2.9136667">2°54.82’E</geoCoordinate>
,
<location id="2B0BE99D2914FFC8286BFD160D5462D0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A67D0E502914FFD42DAFFD23090E6159:2B0BE99D2914FFC8286BFD160D5462D0" box="[1339,1379,681,702]" country="Norway" latitude="60.7885" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="2.9136667" name="Stn" pageId="15" pageNumber="193">Stn</location>
7-5,
<date id="5A6A99862914FFC82E79FD770B8962B3" box="[809,958,712,734]" pageId="15" pageNumber="193" value="1998-05-16">
<collectingDate id="4A2E606E2914FFC82E79FD770B8962B3" box="[809,958,712,734]" pageId="15" pageNumber="193" value="1998-05-16">16 May 1998</collectingDate>
</date>
, depth
<quantity id="E92C12A32914FFC82943FD770C6B62B3" box="[1043,1116,712,733]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.81" pageId="15" pageNumber="193" unit="m" value="181.0">
<elevation id="A5F958752914FFC82943FD770C6B62B3" box="[1043,1116,712,733]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.81" pageId="15" pageNumber="193" unit="m" value="181.0">181 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 1 (
<specimenCode id="7E72173D2914FFC829D4FD770D3862B3" box="[1156,1295,712,733]" collectionCode="ZSRO-P" pageId="15" pageNumber="193">ZSRO-P701</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="9EBCB51B2914FFC82872FD770B5B6354" country="Norway" elevation="130" latitude="59.6449" location="PolySkag" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="10.611667" municipality="Oslofjord" pageId="15" pageNumber="193" specimenCode="ZSRO-P2553, 2554" specimenCount="1">
<collectingMunicipality id="CE0F253C2914FFC82872FD770DBA62B0" box="[1314,1421,712,734]" pageId="15" pageNumber="193">Oslofjord</collectingMunicipality>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D9812914FFC82E79FD590B8B6292" box="[809,956,742,764]" degrees="59" direction="north" minutes="38.694" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="193" precision="1" value="59.6449">59°38.694’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D9812914FFC82E9AFD590C6A6292" box="[970,1117,742,764]" degrees="10" direction="east" minutes="36.700" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="193" precision="1" value="10.611667">10°36.700’E</geoCoordinate>
, station 10–13
<location id="2B0BE99D2914FFC8284BFD590DBB6292" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A67D0E502914FFD42DAFFD23090E6159:2B0BE99D2914FFC8284BFD590DBB6292" box="[1307,1420,742,764]" country="Norway" latitude="59.6449" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="10.611667" municipality="Oslofjord" name="PolySkag" pageId="15" pageNumber="193">PolySkag</location>
, depth
<quantity id="E92C12A32914FFC82E27FCBA0BF46375" box="[887,963,773,795]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="15" pageNumber="193" unit="m" value="130.0">
<elevation id="A5F958752914FFC82E27FCBA0BF46375" box="[887,963,773,795]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="15" pageNumber="193" unit="m" value="130.0">130 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, gravel/mud/rocks, 2 af (
<specimenCode id="7E72173D2914FFC829BFFCBA0DBC6375" box="[1263,1419,773,795]" collectionCode="ZSRO-P" pageId="15" pageNumber="193">ZSRO-P2553</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="7E72173D2914FFC82E79FC9B0B526354" box="[809,869,804,826]" collectionCode="ZSRO-P" pageId="15" pageNumber="193">2554</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="9EBCB51B2914FFD72E28FC9B0A2D62C9" collectingDate="1981-11" collectingDateMax="2003-09-22" collectingDateMin="1981-11" collectionCode="RSM" country="United Kingdom" county="North Sea" elevation="130" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="194" latitude="55.075" location="St. Abbs" longLatPrecision="106" longitude="-1.2633333" municipality="Apr" pageId="15" pageNumber="193" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Shetland Islands">
<collectingCounty id="C70AC7CA2914FFC82E28FC9B0BC46357" box="[888,1011,804,826]" pageId="15" pageNumber="193">North Sea</collectingCounty>
:
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D9812914FFC82EAFFC9B0C456354" box="[1023,1138,804,826]" degrees="59" direction="north" minutes="3.15" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="193" precision="9" value="59.0525">59°3.15’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D9812914FFC8292EFC9B0CD36354" box="[1150,1252,804,826]" degrees="1" direction="west" minutes="1.59" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="193" precision="9" value="-1.0265">1°1.59’W</geoCoordinate>
, S of
<collectingRegion id="EC1071A42914FFC82876FC9B0B496336" country="United Kingdom" name="Shetland Islands" pageId="15" pageNumber="193">Shetland Islands</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="CE0F253C2914FFC82ED7FCFC0B856336" box="[903,946,835,856]" pageId="15" pageNumber="193">Apr</collectingMunicipality>
/
<date id="5A6A99862914FFC82EEAFCFC0C1E6336" box="[954,1065,835,856]" pageId="15" pageNumber="193" value="1993-05">
<collectingDate id="4A2E606E2914FFC82EEAFCFC0C1E6336" box="[954,1065,835,856]" pageId="15" pageNumber="193" value="1993-05">May 1993</collectingDate>
</date>
, depth
<quantity id="E92C12A32914FFC8292CFCFC0CEF6336" box="[1148,1240,835,856]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.304" pageId="15" pageNumber="193" unit="m" value="130.4">
<elevation id="A5F958752914FFC8292CFCFC0CEF6336" box="[1148,1240,835,856]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.304" pageId="15" pageNumber="193" unit="m" value="130.4">130.4 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 5 af, 5 mf (
<collectionCode id="48C527832914FFC82807FCFC0DA66336" box="[1367,1425,835,856]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7sv4-pazk" name="Royal Scottish Museum" pageId="15" pageNumber="193">RSM</collectionCode>
Z. 1996.4.36);
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D981290BFFD72C1AFF7A099F60B5" box="[330,424,197,219]" degrees="58" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" precision="925" value="58.7">58°42’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D981290BFFD72CE5FF7A0A3560B4" box="[437,514,197,218]" degrees="1" direction="east" minutes="17" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" precision="925" value="1.2833333">1°17’E</geoCoordinate>
, Brae Oilfield, station MBI 2, 2 af (
<collectionCode id="48C52783290BFFD72C14FF5B09B76097" box="[324,384,228,249]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7sv4-pazk" name="Royal Scottish Museum" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">RSM</collectionCode>
Z.
<date id="5A6A9986290BFFD72CF2FF5B0A256097" box="[418,530,228,249]" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" value="1984-04-02">
<collectingDate id="4A2E606E290BFFD72CF2FF5B0A256097" box="[418,530,228,249]" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" value="1984-04-02">1984.4.2</collectingDate>
</date>
.), MBI 3, 4 af (
<collectionCode id="48C52783290BFFD72F9EFF5B0B3D6097" box="[718,778,228,249]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7sv4-pazk" name="Royal Scottish Museum" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">RSM</collectionCode>
Z.
<date id="5A6A9986290BFFD72DE8FEBC09296176" box="[184,286,259,280]" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" value="1984-04-03">
<collectingDate id="4A2E606E290BFFD72DE8FEBC09296176" box="[184,286,259,280]" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" value="1984-04-03">1984.4.3</collectingDate>
</date>
.), MBI 4, 1 af, 4 mf (
<collectionCode id="48C52783290BFFD72F54FEBC0A096176" box="[516,574,259,280]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7sv4-pazk" name="Royal Scottish Museum" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">RSM</collectionCode>
Z.
<date id="5A6A9986290BFFD72F0AFEBC0AF66176" box="[602,705,259,280]" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" value="1984-04-04">
<collectingDate id="4A2E606E290BFFD72F0AFEBC0AF66176" box="[602,705,259,280]" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" value="1984-04-04">1984.4.4</collectingDate>
</date>
.), MBI 5, 2af, 5 mf, 1 pf (
<collectionCode id="48C52783290BFFD72C3AFE9E09936158" box="[362,420,289,310]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7sv4-pazk" name="Royal Scottish Museum" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">RSM</collectionCode>
Z.
<date id="5A6A9986290BFFD72C91FE9E0A1E6159" box="[449,553,289,311]" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" value="1984-04-05">
<collectingDate id="4A2E606E290BFFD72C91FE9E0A1E6159" box="[449,553,289,311]" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" value="1984-04-05">1984.4.5</collectingDate>
</date>
.), MBI 8, 1 af (
<collectionCode id="48C52783290BFFD72F81FE9E0B3C6158" box="[721,779,289,310]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7sv4-pazk" name="Royal Scottish Museum" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">RSM</collectionCode>
Z.
<date id="5A6A9986290BFFD72DEAFEFF091E6138" box="[186,297,320,342]" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" value="1984-04-06">
<collectingDate id="4A2E606E290BFFD72DEAFEFF091E6138" box="[186,297,320,342]" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" value="1984-04-06">1984.4.6</collectingDate>
</date>
.), MBI 9, 7 af, 7 mf (
<collectionCode id="48C52783290BFFD72F7DFEFF0A5E613B" box="[557,617,320,341]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7sv4-pazk" name="Royal Scottish Museum" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">RSM</collectionCode>
Z.
<date id="5A6A9986290BFFD72FDBFEFF0ACE613B" box="[651,761,320,341]" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" value="1984-04-01">
<collectingDate id="4A2E606E290BFFD72FDBFEFF0ACE613B" box="[651,761,320,341]" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" value="1984-04-01">1984.4.1</collectingDate>
</date>
.);
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D981290BFFD72DF3FEE10939611A" box="[163,270,350,372]" degrees="57" direction="north" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" precision="925" value="57.733334">57° 44’ N</geoCoordinate>
0° 64’ E, Forties Oilfield, StF78, depth
<quantity id="E92C12A3290BFFD72FB1FEE0088B61FD" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.14" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" unit="m" value="114.0">
<elevation id="A5F95875290BFFD72FB1FEE0088B61FD" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.14" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" unit="m" value="114.0">114 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 1 af, 4 mf, wet slide (
<collectionCode id="48C52783290BFFD72C89FEC20A2161FC" box="[473,534,381,402]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7sv4-pazk" name="Royal Scottish Museum" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">RSM</collectionCode>
unregistered);
<collectingCountry id="56C3FFD6290BFFD72F8BFEC10B3161FD" box="[731,774,382,403]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">UK</collectingCountry>
:
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D981290BFFD72DF3FE23090561DC" box="[163,306,412,434]" degrees="57" direction="north" minutes="56.892" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" precision="1" value="57.9482">57°56.892’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D981290BFFD72C6FFE23098261DC" box="[319,437,412,434]" degrees="2" direction="west" minutes="0.375" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" precision="1" value="-2.00625">2°0.375’W</geoCoordinate>
, Outer
<collectingRegion id="EC1071A4290BFFD72F5FFE230A6D61DF" box="[527,602,412,433]" country="United Kingdom" name="Moray" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">Moray</collectingRegion>
Firth, Smilers Hole, OMFA T4.4#2, DTI strategic Environmental assessment area 5,
<date id="5A6A9986290BFFD72C2EFE660A6D6180" box="[382,602,473,495]" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" value="2003-09-22">
<collectingDate id="4A2E606E290BFFD72C2EFE660A6D6180" box="[382,602,473,495]" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" value="2003-09-22">22 September 2003</collectingDate>
</date>
, depth
<quantity id="E92C12A3290BFFD72FFBFE660B306181" box="[683,775,473,495]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.183" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" unit="m" value="118.3">
<elevation id="A5F95875290BFFD72FFBFE660B306181" box="[683,775,473,495]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.183" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" unit="m" value="118.3">118.3 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, muddy sand, 2 af (
<collectionCode id="48C52783290BFFD72C29FE4709846263" box="[377,435,504,525]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7sv4-pazk" name="Royal Scottish Museum" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">RSM</collectionCode>
Z.2009.5.137.); Berwickshire, off
<location id="2B0BE99D290BFFD72D99FDA809196242" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A67D0E502914FFD42DAFFD23090E6159:2B0BE99D290BFFD72D99FDA809196242" box="[201,302,534,556]" country="United Kingdom" county="North Sea" latitude="55.075" longLatPrecision="106" longitude="-1.2633333" municipality="Apr" name="St. Abbs" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" stateProvince="Shetland Islands">St. Abbs</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D981290BFFD72C6BFDA909BC6242" box="[315,395,534,556]" degrees="56" direction="north" minutes="4" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" precision="925" value="56.066666">56°4’N</geoCoordinate>
.
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D981290BFFD72CC8FDA809EB6242" box="[408,476,535,556]" degrees="2" direction="west" minutes="7" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" precision="925" value="-2.1166666">2°7’W</geoCoordinate>
, sludge dumping ground,
<date id="5A6A9986290BFFD72DF3FD8A09626224" box="[163,341,565,587]" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" value="1981-11">
<collectingDate id="4A2E606E290BFFD72DF3FD8A09626224" box="[163,341,565,587]" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" value="1981-11">November 1981</collectingDate>
</date>
, station 23 and 15, 3 af, 4 mf, 1pf (
<collectionCode id="48C52783290BFFD72F81FD8A0B3C6224" box="[721,779,565,586]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7sv4-pazk" name="Royal Scottish Museum" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">RSM</collectionCode>
Z.1983.84.1-4);
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D981290BFFD72C00FDEB09866204" box="[336,433,596,618]" degrees="55" direction="north" minutes="4.5" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" precision="92" value="55.075">55°4.5’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D981290BFFD72CEBFDEB0A296204" box="[443,542,596,618]" degrees="1" direction="west" minutes="15.8" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" precision="92" value="-1.2633333">1°15.8’W</geoCoordinate>
, off
<collectingRegion id="EC1071A4290BFFD72F1AFDEB0B3C6204" box="[586,779,596,618]" country="United Kingdom" name="Northumberland" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">Northumberland</collectingRegion>
coast,
<date id="5A6A9986290BFFD72DBFFDCC098C62E6" box="[239,443,627,648]" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" value="1982-01-22">
<collectingDate id="4A2E606E290BFFD72DBFFDCC098C62E6" box="[239,443,627,648]" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" value="1982-01-22">22 January 1982</collectingDate>
</date>
, depth
<quantity id="E92C12A3290BFFD72F45FDCD0A6562E6" box="[533,594,626,648]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" unit="m" value="50.0">
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</quantity>
, 2 af, 1 mf, wet slide with 2 af (
<collectionCode id="48C52783290BFFD72C0AFD2E09A262C8" box="[346,405,657,678]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7sv4-pazk" name="Royal Scottish Museum" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">RSM</collectionCode>
Z.1983.85)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="9EBCB51B290BFFD72F75FD2E0937632E" collectingDate="2008-07-17" collectionCode="ZMBN" country="United Kingdom" elevation="94" latitude="57.85559" location="South" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-2.87422" municipality="Specimens" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" specimenCode="ZMBN 127131, 127132" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Shetland Islands">
<emphasis id="1CA06354290BFFD72F75FD2E097262AB" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">
<collectingMunicipality id="CE0F253C290BFFD72F75FD2E0AA862C8" box="[549,671,657,678]" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">Specimens</collectingMunicipality>
collected for DNA work
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="1CA06354290BFFD72C03FD0F092E628D" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">fixed in 96% ethanol, morphologically examined:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="56C3FFD6290BFFD72C72FD7009F1628A" box="[290,454,718,740]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">Great Britain</collectingCountry>
:
<location id="2B0BE99D290BFFD72C82FD710A20628A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A67D0E502914FFD42DAFFD23090E6159:2B0BE99D290BFFD72C82FD710A20628A" box="[466,535,718,740]" country="United Kingdom" latitude="57.85559" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-2.87422" municipality="Specimens" name="South" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" stateProvince="Shetland Islands">South</location>
of
<collectingRegion id="EC1071A4290BFFD72F6DFD710B31628A" box="[573,774,718,740]" country="United Kingdom" name="Shetland Islands" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">Shetland Islands</collectingRegion>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D981290BFFD72DF3FD52092C636D" box="[163,283,749,771]" degrees="57.855592" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" precision="1" value="57.85559">57.855592</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D981290BFFD72C76FD5209BF636C" box="[294,392,749,770]" degrees="2.87422" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" precision="1" value="-2.87422">-2.87422</geoCoordinate>
(
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D981290BFFD72CC7FD520A09636D" box="[407,574,749,771]" degrees="57" direction="north" minutes="51.33552" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" precision="1" value="57.85559">57°51.33552’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D981290BFFD72F1AFD520AEB636D" box="[586,732,749,771]" degrees="2" direction="west" minutes="52.4532" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" precision="1" value="-2.87422">2°52.4532’W</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="5A6A9986290BFFD72FBFFD520920634F" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" value="2008-07-17">
<collectingDate id="4A2E606E290BFFD72FBFFD520920634F" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" value="2008-07-17">17 July 2008</collectingDate>
</date>
, depth
<quantity id="E92C12A3290BFFD72C3EFCB309E3634F" box="[366,468,780,801]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" metricValueMax="9.8" metricValueMin="9.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" unit="m" value="94.0" valueMax="98.0" valueMin="90.0">
<elevation id="A5F95875290BFFD72C3EFCB309E3634F" box="[366,468,780,801]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" metricValueMax="9.8" metricValueMin="9.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" unit="m" value="94.0" valueMax="98.0" valueMin="90.0">90–98 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, silty clay (
<specimenCode id="7E72173D290BFFD72F09FCB30B31634F" box="[601,774,780,801]" collectionCode="ZMBN" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">ZMBN 127131</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="7E72173D290BFFD72DF3FC9408CE632E" box="[163,249,811,832]" collectionCode="ZMBN" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">127132</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="9EBCB51B290BFFD72C59FC9509356313" collectingDate="2005-04" collectionCode="ZMBN" country="Sweden" elevation="70" latitude="58.87" location="Koster Area" longLatPrecision="487" longitude="11.1" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" specimenCode="ZMBN 127133, 127134" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="56C3FFD6290BFFD72C59FC950953632E" box="[265,356,810,832]" name="Sweden" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">Sweden</collectingCountry>
:
<location id="2B0BE99D290BFFD72C3EFC9409CF632E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A67D0E502914FFD42DAFFD23090E6159:2B0BE99D290BFFD72C3EFC9409CF632E" box="[366,504,811,832]" country="Sweden" latitude="58.87" longLatPrecision="487" longitude="11.1" name="Koster Area" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">Koster Area</location>
, 58.87, 11.10 (
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D981290BFFD72FC7FC950B30632E" box="[663,775,810,832]" degrees="58" direction="north" minutes="52.2" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" precision="92" value="58.87">58°52.2’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D981290BFFD72DF3FCF608C66331" box="[163,241,841,863]" degrees="11" direction="east" minutes="6" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" precision="925" value="11.1">11°6’E</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="5A6A9986290BFFD72C57FCF609B06331" box="[263,391,841,863]" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" value="2005-04">
<collectingDate id="4A2E606E290BFFD72C57FCF609B06331" box="[263,391,841,863]" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" value="2005-04">April 2005</collectingDate>
</date>
, depth
<quantity id="E92C12A3290BFFD72CB1FCF60A706331" box="[481,583,841,863]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" unit="m" value="70.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="60.0">
<elevation id="A5F95875290BFFD72CB1FCF60A706331" box="[481,583,841,863]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" unit="m" value="70.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="60.0">60–80 m</elevation>
</quantity>
(
<specimenCode id="7E72173D290BFFD72F07FCF60B316330" box="[599,774,841,862]" collectionCode="ZMBN" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">ZMBN 127133</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="7E72173D290BFFD72DF3FCD708CD6313" box="[163,250,872,893]" collectionCode="ZMBN" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">127134</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="9EBCB51B290BFFD72C5EFCD709F163D4" collectingDate="2005-04" collectionCode="ZMBN" country="Sweden" elevation="75" latitude="58.87" location="Hallsoarna" longLatPrecision="487" longitude="11.1" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" specimenCode="ZMBN 127135, 127136, 127137, 127138" specimenCount="1">
mellan
<location id="2B0BE99D290BFFD72C36FCD709DD6310" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A67D0E502914FFD42DAFFD23090E6159:2B0BE99D290BFFD72C36FCD709DD6310" box="[358,490,872,894]" country="Sweden" latitude="58.87" longLatPrecision="487" longitude="11.1" name="Hallsoarna" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">Hällsöarna</location>
, 58.87, 11.10 (
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D981290BFFD72FC3FCD70B326310" box="[659,773,872,894]" degrees="58" direction="north" minutes="52.2" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" precision="92" value="58.87">58°52.2’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D981290BFFD72DF3FC3908C663F2" box="[163,241,902,924]" degrees="11" direction="east" minutes="6" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" precision="925" value="11.1">11°6’E</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="5A6A9986290BFFD72C57FC3909B063F2" box="[263,391,902,924]" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" value="2005-04">
<collectingDate id="4A2E606E290BFFD72C57FC3909B063F2" box="[263,391,902,924]" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" value="2005-04">April 2005</collectingDate>
</date>
, depth
<quantity id="E92C12A3290BFFD72CB1FC390A7063F2" box="[481,583,902,924]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" unit="m" value="75.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="70.0">
<elevation id="A5F95875290BFFD72CB1FC390A7063F2" box="[481,583,902,924]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" unit="m" value="75.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="70.0">70–80 m</elevation>
</quantity>
(
<specimenCode id="7E72173D290BFFD72F07FC390B3163F2" box="[599,774,902,924]" collectionCode="ZMBN" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">ZMBN 127135</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="7E72173D290BFFD72DF3FC1A08CE63D5" box="[163,249,933,955]" collectionCode="ZMBN" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">127136</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="7E72173D290BFFD72C55FC1A096C63D4" box="[261,347,933,954]" collectionCode="ZMBN" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">127137</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="7E72173D290BFFD72C37FC1A098963D4" box="[359,446,933,954]" collectionCode="ZMBN" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">127138</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="9EBCB51B290BFFD72C81FC1A0A936399" collectingDate="2012-07-22" collectionCode="ZMBN" country="Norway" elevation="638" latitude="61.1339" location="Hyllestad" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="5.1663165" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" specimenCode="ZMBN 127140" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sogn og Fjordane">
<collectingCountry id="56C3FFD6290BFFD72C81FC1A0A1963D4" box="[465,558,933,954]" name="Norway" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">Norway</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="EC1071A4290BFFD72F6AFC1A0B3163D5" box="[570,774,933,955]" country="Norway" name="Sogn og Fjordane" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">Sogn og Fjordane</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="2B0BE99D290BFFD72DF3FC7B092463B4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A67D0E502914FFD42DAFFD23090E6159:2B0BE99D290BFFD72DF3FC7B092463B4" box="[163,275,964,986]" country="Norway" latitude="61.1339" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="5.1663165" name="Hyllestad" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" stateProvince="Sogn og Fjordane">Hyllestad</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D981290BFFD72C4DFC7B094F63B4" box="[285,376,964,986]" degrees="61.1339" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" precision="5" value="61.1339">61.1339</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D981290BFFD72CD2FC7B09EC63B4" box="[386,475,964,986]" degrees="5.16632" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" precision="1" value="5.16632">5.16632</geoCoordinate>
(
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D981290BFFD72CB8FC7B0A5263B4" box="[488,613,964,986]" degrees="61" direction="north" minutes="8.034" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" precision="1" value="61.1339">61°8.034’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D981290BFFD72F3FFC7B0AE963B4" box="[623,734,964,986]" degrees="5" direction="east" minutes="9.979" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" precision="1" value="5.1663165">5°9.979’E</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="5A6A9986290BFFD72FBFFC7B09236399" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" value="2012-07-22">
<collectingDate id="4A2E606E290BFFD72FBFFC7B09236399" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" value="2012-07-22">22 July 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
, depth
<quantity id="E92C12A3290BFFD72C37FC5D09D46396" box="[359,483,994,1016]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.375" metricValueMax="6.44" metricValueMin="6.31" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" unit="m" value="637.5" valueMax="644.0" valueMin="631.0">
<elevation id="A5F95875290BFFD72C37FC5D09D46396" box="[359,483,994,1016]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.375" metricValueMax="6.44" metricValueMin="6.31" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" unit="m" value="637.5" valueMax="644.0" valueMin="631.0">631–644 m</elevation>
</quantity>
(
<specimenCode id="7E72173D290BFFD72CA1FC5D0AAB6399" box="[497,668,994,1015]" collectionCode="ZMBN" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">ZMBN 127140</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="7AABEFCE2914FFC82DC0F9190BAC6702" pageId="15" pageNumber="193" startId="15.[144,222,1702,1724]" targetBox="[147,1441,914,1660]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="2E6BBF462914FFC82DC0F9190BAC6702" blockId="15.[144,1425,1702,1900]" pageId="15" pageNumber="193">
<emphasis id="1CA063542914FFC82DC0F91908C166D5" bold="true" box="[144,246,1702,1724]" pageId="15" pageNumber="193">Figure 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E9D4C4C52914FFC82C52F9190A7566D2" authority="Chambers, 1985" authorityName="Chambers" authorityYear="1985" box="[258,578,1702,1724]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sigalionidae" genus="Pholoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="15" pageNumber="193" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pallida">
<emphasis id="1CA063542914FFC82C52F91909AF66D2" box="[258,408,1702,1724]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="193">Pholoe pallida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4A45C2B72914FFC82CCBF9190A7566D2" author="Chambers S" box="[411,578,1702,1724]" pageId="15" pageNumber="193" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref18688" refString="Chambers S. 1985. Polychaetes from Scottish waters, part 2. Families Aphroditidae, Sigalionidae and Polyodontidae. Royal Scottish Museum Studies. Edinburgh: Royal Scottish Museum. 1-38." type="book chapter" year="1985">Chambers, 1985</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. CLSM and LM studies. A, prostomial region, dorsal view; stained with Shirlastain A and studied with CLSM. A’, same but selection of layer from image stack with focus on lateral antennae. A’’, same but selection of layer from image stack with focus on wide base of facial tubercle. B, light micrograph of anterior end, stained with methyl green, dorsal view. C, posterior end, dorsal view. D, middle elytron, stained with Shirlastain A. E, marginal elytral papillae from middle elytron; note robust base. F, micrograph of live specimens; note red spot behind prostomial region. latA, lateral antenna; medA, median antenna; P, palp; dTC and vTC, dorsal/ventral tentacular cirrus. A–A’’, RSM Z.2009.5.137; B, C, ZSRO-P701; D–F, ZMBN 127136, Koster Area, Sweden.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2E6BBF46290BFFD72DF3FB9D0B3B6545" blockId="16.[163,780,1057,1324]" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">
<emphasis id="1CA06354290BFFD72DF3FB9D092B6459" box="[163,284,1058,1079]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Specimens without pigment; eyes absent; dorsal and ventral tentacular cirri smooth, cirriform, dorsal one only slightly longer; mid-dorsum with almost complete cover by elytra; elytral papillae strong with robust base; facial tubercle present, often with conspicuously wide base; lateral antenna present; parapodia without stylodes; neurochaetae heterogomph compound chaetae with two parallel rows of short teeth along the blade (only seen in
<collectionCode id="48C52783290BFFD72F94FAA90B376545" box="[708,768,1302,1323]" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">SEM</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E6BBF46290BFFD72DF3FAF109766592" blockId="16.[163,780,1357,1900]" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">
<emphasis id="1CA06354290BFFD72DF3FAF10908650D" box="[163,319,1358,1379]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">Description:</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="F16F01E4290BFFD72C1FFAF209F5650D" box="[335,450,1357,1379]" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
anterior fragment of 15 chaetigers,
<quantity id="E92C12A3290BFFD72C6AFAD309AE65EF" box="[314,409,1388,1409]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="E92C12A3290BFFD72CBFFAD30A7965EF" box="[495,590,1388,1409]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
wide. Largest complete specimen fixed in formalin with about 53 chaetigers
<quantity id="E92C12A3290BFFD72C72FA16094F65D0" box="[290,376,1449,1471]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" unit="mm" value="6.9">6.9 mm</quantity>
in length and 1.0 mm wide. Other complete specimens
<quantity id="E92C12A3290BFFD72CDDFA7809D565B3" box="[397,482,1479,1501]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
long and 1.0 mm wide, at 45 chaetigers.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E6BBF46290BFFD72DEBF9BA0B97611A" blockId="16.[163,780,1357,1900]" lastBlockId="16.[827,1444,197,1353]" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">
Body short, linear, depressed (
<figureCitation id="B6EFA3C3290BFFD72F77F9BA0AAA6674" box="[551,669,1541,1563]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="15.[144,222,1702,1724]" captionTargetBox="[147,1441,914,1660]" captionTargetId="figure-335@15.[145,1441,912,1662]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 5. Pholoe pallidaChambers, 1985. CLSM and LM studies.A, prostomial region, dorsal view; stained with Shirlastain A and studied with CLSM. A’, same but selection of layer from image stack with focus on lateral antennae. A’’, same but selection of layer from image stack with focus on wide base of facial tubercle. B, light micrograph of anterior end, stained with methyl green, dorsal view. C, posterior end, dorsal view. D, middle elytron, stained with Shirlastain A. E, marginal elytral papillae from middle elytron; note robust base. F, micrograph of live specimens; note red spot behind prostomial region. latA, lateral antenna; medA, median antenna; P, palp; dTC and vTC, dorsal/ventral tentacular cirrus. A–A’’, RSM Z.2009.5.137; B, C, ZSRO-P701; D–F, ZMBN 127136, Koster Area, Sweden." pageId="16" pageNumber="194">Fig. 5B, C</figureCitation>
); ventral surface with evenly distributed short papillae. Mid-dorsum completely covered by elytra; in larger specimens, anterior two to three pairs of elytra leaving a narrow mid-dorsal gap uncovered; in smaller specimens, complete cover all along the body (
<figureCitation id="B6EFA3C3290BFFD72F8DF92108D366BD" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="15.[144,222,1702,1724]" captionTargetBox="[147,1441,914,1660]" captionTargetId="figure-335@15.[145,1441,912,1662]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 5. Pholoe pallidaChambers, 1985. CLSM and LM studies.A, prostomial region, dorsal view; stained with Shirlastain A and studied with CLSM. A’, same but selection of layer from image stack with focus on lateral antennae. A’’, same but selection of layer from image stack with focus on wide base of facial tubercle. B, light micrograph of anterior end, stained with methyl green, dorsal view. C, posterior end, dorsal view. D, middle elytron, stained with Shirlastain A. E, marginal elytral papillae from middle elytron; note robust base. F, micrograph of live specimens; note red spot behind prostomial region. latA, lateral antenna; medA, median antenna; P, palp; dTC and vTC, dorsal/ventral tentacular cirrus. A–A’’, RSM Z.2009.5.137; B, C, ZSRO-P701; D–F, ZMBN 127136, Koster Area, Sweden." pageId="16" pageNumber="194">Fig. 5A–C</figureCitation>
). First pair of elytra rounded, in succeeding segments reniform and anteriorly notched (
<figureCitation id="B6EFA3C3290BFFD72FF7F9630ACC669F" box="[679,763,1755,1778]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="15.[144,222,1702,1724]" captionTargetBox="[147,1441,914,1660]" captionTargetId="figure-335@15.[145,1441,912,1662]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 5. Pholoe pallidaChambers, 1985. CLSM and LM studies.A, prostomial region, dorsal view; stained with Shirlastain A and studied with CLSM. A’, same but selection of layer from image stack with focus on lateral antennae. A’’, same but selection of layer from image stack with focus on wide base of facial tubercle. B, light micrograph of anterior end, stained with methyl green, dorsal view. C, posterior end, dorsal view. D, middle elytron, stained with Shirlastain A. E, marginal elytral papillae from middle elytron; note robust base. F, micrograph of live specimens; note red spot behind prostomial region. latA, lateral antenna; medA, median antenna; P, palp; dTC and vTC, dorsal/ventral tentacular cirrus. A–A’’, RSM Z.2009.5.137; B, C, ZSRO-P701; D–F, ZMBN 127136, Koster Area, Sweden." pageId="16" pageNumber="194">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
), in posterior segments transversally elongated (
<figureCitation id="B6EFA3C3290BFFD72F8EF94508F46741" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="15.[144,222,1702,1724]" captionTargetBox="[147,1441,914,1660]" captionTargetId="figure-335@15.[145,1441,912,1662]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 5. Pholoe pallidaChambers, 1985. CLSM and LM studies.A, prostomial region, dorsal view; stained with Shirlastain A and studied with CLSM. A’, same but selection of layer from image stack with focus on lateral antennae. A’’, same but selection of layer from image stack with focus on wide base of facial tubercle. B, light micrograph of anterior end, stained with methyl green, dorsal view. C, posterior end, dorsal view. D, middle elytron, stained with Shirlastain A. E, marginal elytral papillae from middle elytron; note robust base. F, micrograph of live specimens; note red spot behind prostomial region. latA, lateral antenna; medA, median antenna; P, palp; dTC and vTC, dorsal/ventral tentacular cirrus. A–A’’, RSM Z.2009.5.137; B, C, ZSRO-P701; D–F, ZMBN 127136, Koster Area, Sweden." pageId="16" pageNumber="194">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
); segments without elytra with nodular lobes in the position of elytrophores; first elytron with marginal, submarginal and central papillae, only inner margin without papillae (
<figureCitation id="B6EFA3C3290BFFD72958FF7A0C6D60B5" box="[1032,1114,197,219]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="15.[144,222,1702,1724]" captionTargetBox="[147,1441,914,1660]" captionTargetId="figure-335@15.[145,1441,912,1662]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 5. Pholoe pallidaChambers, 1985. CLSM and LM studies.A, prostomial region, dorsal view; stained with Shirlastain A and studied with CLSM. A’, same but selection of layer from image stack with focus on lateral antennae. A’’, same but selection of layer from image stack with focus on wide base of facial tubercle. B, light micrograph of anterior end, stained with methyl green, dorsal view. C, posterior end, dorsal view. D, middle elytron, stained with Shirlastain A. E, marginal elytral papillae from middle elytron; note robust base. F, micrograph of live specimens; note red spot behind prostomial region. latA, lateral antenna; medA, median antenna; P, palp; dTC and vTC, dorsal/ventral tentacular cirrus. A–A’’, RSM Z.2009.5.137; B, C, ZSRO-P701; D–F, ZMBN 127136, Koster Area, Sweden." pageId="16" pageNumber="194">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
), in all succeeding segments elytra with several marginal and submarginal papillae along the lateral and the posterior margins (
<figureCitation id="B6EFA3C3290BFFD72810FEBD0DA36176" box="[1344,1428,258,280]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="15.[144,222,1702,1724]" captionTargetBox="[147,1441,914,1660]" captionTargetId="figure-335@15.[145,1441,912,1662]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 5. Pholoe pallidaChambers, 1985. CLSM and LM studies.A, prostomial region, dorsal view; stained with Shirlastain A and studied with CLSM. A’, same but selection of layer from image stack with focus on lateral antennae. A’’, same but selection of layer from image stack with focus on wide base of facial tubercle. B, light micrograph of anterior end, stained with methyl green, dorsal view. C, posterior end, dorsal view. D, middle elytron, stained with Shirlastain A. E, marginal elytral papillae from middle elytron; note robust base. F, micrograph of live specimens; note red spot behind prostomial region. latA, lateral antenna; medA, median antenna; P, palp; dTC and vTC, dorsal/ventral tentacular cirrus. A–A’’, RSM Z.2009.5.137; B, C, ZSRO-P701; D–F, ZMBN 127136, Koster Area, Sweden." pageId="16" pageNumber="194">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
); elytral papillae robust with strong base, tip slender and slightly knobbed (
<figureCitation id="B6EFA3C3290BFFD72968FE800CBD613B" box="[1080,1162,319,341]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="15.[144,222,1702,1724]" captionTargetBox="[147,1441,914,1660]" captionTargetId="figure-335@15.[145,1441,912,1662]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 5. Pholoe pallidaChambers, 1985. CLSM and LM studies.A, prostomial region, dorsal view; stained with Shirlastain A and studied with CLSM. A’, same but selection of layer from image stack with focus on lateral antennae. A’’, same but selection of layer from image stack with focus on wide base of facial tubercle. B, light micrograph of anterior end, stained with methyl green, dorsal view. C, posterior end, dorsal view. D, middle elytron, stained with Shirlastain A. E, marginal elytral papillae from middle elytron; note robust base. F, micrograph of live specimens; note red spot behind prostomial region. latA, lateral antenna; medA, median antenna; P, palp; dTC and vTC, dorsal/ventral tentacular cirrus. A–A’’, RSM Z.2009.5.137; B, C, ZSRO-P701; D–F, ZMBN 127136, Koster Area, Sweden." pageId="16" pageNumber="194">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
); elytral surface without pigment.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E6BBF46290BFFD72E03FEC20CE96242" blockId="16.[827,1444,197,1353]" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">
Prostomium with smooth cirriform, slightly capitate median antenna without articulations (
<figureCitation id="B6EFA3C3290BFFD729AAFE240D5A61DF" box="[1274,1389,410,433]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="15.[144,222,1702,1724]" captionTargetBox="[147,1441,914,1660]" captionTargetId="figure-335@15.[145,1441,912,1662]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 5. Pholoe pallidaChambers, 1985. CLSM and LM studies.A, prostomial region, dorsal view; stained with Shirlastain A and studied with CLSM. A’, same but selection of layer from image stack with focus on lateral antennae. A’’, same but selection of layer from image stack with focus on wide base of facial tubercle. B, light micrograph of anterior end, stained with methyl green, dorsal view. C, posterior end, dorsal view. D, middle elytron, stained with Shirlastain A. E, marginal elytral papillae from middle elytron; note robust base. F, micrograph of live specimens; note red spot behind prostomial region. latA, lateral antenna; medA, median antenna; P, palp; dTC and vTC, dorsal/ventral tentacular cirrus. A–A’’, RSM Z.2009.5.137; B, C, ZSRO-P701; D–F, ZMBN 127136, Koster Area, Sweden." pageId="16" pageNumber="194">Fig. 5A, A′</figureCitation>
, A″); lateral antennae present (
<figureCitation id="B6EFA3C3290BFFD72933FE050C8E61BE" box="[1123,1209,441,464]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="15.[144,222,1702,1724]" captionTargetBox="[147,1441,914,1660]" captionTargetId="figure-335@15.[145,1441,912,1662]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 5. Pholoe pallidaChambers, 1985. CLSM and LM studies.A, prostomial region, dorsal view; stained with Shirlastain A and studied with CLSM. A’, same but selection of layer from image stack with focus on lateral antennae. A’’, same but selection of layer from image stack with focus on wide base of facial tubercle. B, light micrograph of anterior end, stained with methyl green, dorsal view. C, posterior end, dorsal view. D, middle elytron, stained with Shirlastain A. E, marginal elytral papillae from middle elytron; note robust base. F, micrograph of live specimens; note red spot behind prostomial region. latA, lateral antenna; medA, median antenna; P, palp; dTC and vTC, dorsal/ventral tentacular cirrus. A–A’’, RSM Z.2009.5.137; B, C, ZSRO-P701; D–F, ZMBN 127136, Koster Area, Sweden." pageId="16" pageNumber="194">Fig. 5A′</figureCitation>
); eyes absent. Facial tubercle present, prominent, with wide base wide with few papillae (
<figureCitation id="B6EFA3C3290BFFD72E82FE480C736263" box="[978,1092,502,525]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="15.[144,222,1702,1724]" captionTargetBox="[147,1441,914,1660]" captionTargetId="figure-335@15.[145,1441,912,1662]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 5. Pholoe pallidaChambers, 1985. CLSM and LM studies.A, prostomial region, dorsal view; stained with Shirlastain A and studied with CLSM. A’, same but selection of layer from image stack with focus on lateral antennae. A’’, same but selection of layer from image stack with focus on wide base of facial tubercle. B, light micrograph of anterior end, stained with methyl green, dorsal view. C, posterior end, dorsal view. D, middle elytron, stained with Shirlastain A. E, marginal elytral papillae from middle elytron; note robust base. F, micrograph of live specimens; note red spot behind prostomial region. latA, lateral antenna; medA, median antenna; P, palp; dTC and vTC, dorsal/ventral tentacular cirrus. A–A’’, RSM Z.2009.5.137; B, C, ZSRO-P701; D–F, ZMBN 127136, Koster Area, Sweden." pageId="16" pageNumber="194">Fig. 5A, A′</figureCitation>
, A″); mouth opening on ventral side with slightly elongated papillae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E6BBF46290BFFD72E03FD8A0D3B62AB" blockId="16.[827,1444,197,1353]" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">
Tentacular segment achaetous, with two pairs of cirriform tentacular cirri rising from a tentaculophore (
<figureCitation id="B6EFA3C3290BFFD72E13FDCD0B8262E6" box="[835,949,625,648]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="15.[144,222,1702,1724]" captionTargetBox="[147,1441,914,1660]" captionTargetId="figure-335@15.[145,1441,912,1662]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 5. Pholoe pallidaChambers, 1985. CLSM and LM studies.A, prostomial region, dorsal view; stained with Shirlastain A and studied with CLSM. A’, same but selection of layer from image stack with focus on lateral antennae. A’’, same but selection of layer from image stack with focus on wide base of facial tubercle. B, light micrograph of anterior end, stained with methyl green, dorsal view. C, posterior end, dorsal view. D, middle elytron, stained with Shirlastain A. E, marginal elytral papillae from middle elytron; note robust base. F, micrograph of live specimens; note red spot behind prostomial region. latA, lateral antenna; medA, median antenna; P, palp; dTC and vTC, dorsal/ventral tentacular cirrus. A–A’’, RSM Z.2009.5.137; B, C, ZSRO-P701; D–F, ZMBN 127136, Koster Area, Sweden." pageId="16" pageNumber="194">Fig. 5A, A′</figureCitation>
, A″); dorsal tentacular cirrus slightly longer than ventral one, both tentacular cirri cirriform (
<figureCitation id="B6EFA3C3290BFFD72827FD2E0B4E62AB" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="15.[144,222,1702,1724]" captionTargetBox="[147,1441,914,1660]" captionTargetId="figure-335@15.[145,1441,912,1662]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 5. Pholoe pallidaChambers, 1985. CLSM and LM studies.A, prostomial region, dorsal view; stained with Shirlastain A and studied with CLSM. A’, same but selection of layer from image stack with focus on lateral antennae. A’’, same but selection of layer from image stack with focus on wide base of facial tubercle. B, light micrograph of anterior end, stained with methyl green, dorsal view. C, posterior end, dorsal view. D, middle elytron, stained with Shirlastain A. E, marginal elytral papillae from middle elytron; note robust base. F, micrograph of live specimens; note red spot behind prostomial region. latA, lateral antenna; medA, median antenna; P, palp; dTC and vTC, dorsal/ventral tentacular cirrus. A–A’’, RSM Z.2009.5.137; B, C, ZSRO-P701; D–F, ZMBN 127136, Koster Area, Sweden." pageId="16" pageNumber="194">Fig. 5A, B</figureCitation>
). Palps massive, tapering (
<figureCitation id="B6EFA3C3290BFFD729FBFD100CCB62AB" box="[1195,1276,687,709]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="15.[144,222,1702,1724]" captionTargetBox="[147,1441,914,1660]" captionTargetId="figure-335@15.[145,1441,912,1662]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 5. Pholoe pallidaChambers, 1985. CLSM and LM studies.A, prostomial region, dorsal view; stained with Shirlastain A and studied with CLSM. A’, same but selection of layer from image stack with focus on lateral antennae. A’’, same but selection of layer from image stack with focus on wide base of facial tubercle. B, light micrograph of anterior end, stained with methyl green, dorsal view. C, posterior end, dorsal view. D, middle elytron, stained with Shirlastain A. E, marginal elytral papillae from middle elytron; note robust base. F, micrograph of live specimens; note red spot behind prostomial region. latA, lateral antenna; medA, median antenna; P, palp; dTC and vTC, dorsal/ventral tentacular cirrus. A–A’’, RSM Z.2009.5.137; B, C, ZSRO-P701; D–F, ZMBN 127136, Koster Area, Sweden." pageId="16" pageNumber="194">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E6BBF46290BFFD72E03FD710C606565" blockId="16.[827,1444,197,1353]" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">
Parapodia biramous (
<figureCitation id="B6EFA3C3290BFFD72908FD710CAB628A" box="[1112,1180,718,740]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[342,1264,196,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-80@18.[341,1264,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Left parapodia from the midbody region of different Pholoe spp., stained with Shirlastain A and studied with CLSM. P. inornata (ZSRO-P 366); P. pallida, holotype (RSM Z. 1983.84.1);P. minuta (ZMH-P 27778); scales all 100 µm." pageId="16" pageNumber="194">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
); notopodium shorter than neuropodium, notopodium of conical shape at the end, without terminal papillae; few (one to three) strong papillae present on its anterior and posterior lower edge (
<figureCitation id="B6EFA3C3290BFFD72E82FCF60C2F6330" box="[978,1048,841,863]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[342,1264,196,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-80@18.[341,1264,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Left parapodia from the midbody region of different Pholoe spp., stained with Shirlastain A and studied with CLSM. P. inornata (ZSRO-P 366); P. pallida, holotype (RSM Z. 1983.84.1);P. minuta (ZMH-P 27778); scales all 100 µm." pageId="16" pageNumber="194">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
); neuropodium tapering, longer than notopodium, anterior surface almost smooth, posteriorly with evenly distributed short simple papillae, long terminal papillae (stylodes)absent(
<figureCitation id="B6EFA3C3290BFFD7280AFC1A0DA263D4" box="[1370,1429,933,955]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[342,1264,196,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-80@18.[341,1264,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Left parapodia from the midbody region of different Pholoe spp., stained with Shirlastain A and studied with CLSM. P. inornata (ZSRO-P 366); P. pallida, holotype (RSM Z. 1983.84.1);P. minuta (ZMH-P 27778); scales all 100 µm." pageId="16" pageNumber="194">Fig.7</figureCitation>
); cirriform ventral cirrus present on neuropodia, ventral cirrus at first chaetiger (buccal cirrus) anteriorly oriented and considerably longer than on following chaetigers, ventral cirri otherwise laterally oriented. Both parapodial lobes bearing single stout acicula; notopodium with long, spinous capillaries and short, stout, geniculate capillaries with serrations; neurochaetae compound falcigerous heterogomph chaetae with two rows of short teeth on the blade, fine serrations near the distal end of the shaft present (see:
<bibRefCitation id="4A45C2B7290BFFD72E6BFB490BDA6562" author="Chambers S" box="[827,1005,1270,1292]" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref18688" refString="Chambers S. 1985. Polychaetes from Scottish waters, part 2. Families Aphroditidae, Sigalionidae and Polyodontidae. Royal Scottish Museum Studies. Edinburgh: Royal Scottish Museum. 1-38." type="book chapter" year="1985">Chambers 1985</bibRefCitation>
: pl. B, 4).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E6BBF46290BFFD72E03FAAA0D7B6526" blockId="16.[827,1444,197,1353]" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">
Pygidium with pair of long cirriform to thread-like anal cirri, terminoventrally attached (
<figureCitation id="B6EFA3C3290BFFD729BBFA8C0D0A6527" box="[1259,1341,1331,1353]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="15.[144,222,1702,1724]" captionTargetBox="[147,1441,914,1660]" captionTargetId="figure-335@15.[145,1441,912,1662]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 5. Pholoe pallidaChambers, 1985. CLSM and LM studies.A, prostomial region, dorsal view; stained with Shirlastain A and studied with CLSM. A’, same but selection of layer from image stack with focus on lateral antennae. A’’, same but selection of layer from image stack with focus on wide base of facial tubercle. B, light micrograph of anterior end, stained with methyl green, dorsal view. C, posterior end, dorsal view. D, middle elytron, stained with Shirlastain A. E, marginal elytral papillae from middle elytron; note robust base. F, micrograph of live specimens; note red spot behind prostomial region. latA, lateral antenna; medA, median antenna; P, palp; dTC and vTC, dorsal/ventral tentacular cirrus. A–A’’, RSM Z.2009.5.137; B, C, ZSRO-P701; D–F, ZMBN 127136, Koster Area, Sweden." pageId="16" pageNumber="194">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E6BBF46290BFFD72E6BFAC70C256587" blockId="16.[827,1444,1399,1513]" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">
<emphasis id="1CA06354290BFFD72E6BFAC70BEC65E3" box="[827,987,1400,1421]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">Pigmentation:</emphasis>
Preserved specimens without pigment. Photography of live specimen shows pink colour inside the first three segments (which might not be pigment of the worm itself).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E6BBF46290BFFD72E6BF9A80BF96605" blockId="16.[827,1443,1559,1643]" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">
<emphasis id="1CA06354290BFFD72E6BF9A80BAB6642" box="[827,924,1559,1580]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">Ecology:</emphasis>
The species was found in the North Sea in water depths between 50 and
<quantity id="E92C12A3290BFFD729C6F9890CE86625" box="[1174,1247,1590,1612]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.44" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" unit="m" value="644.0">644 m</quantity>
, in silty clay and muddy sand.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E6BBF46290BFFD72E6BF9260C346765" blockId="16.[827,1442,1689,1803]" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">
<emphasis id="1CA06354290BFFD72E6BF9260C5866C0" box="[827,1135,1689,1710]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">Geographical distribution:</emphasis>
The species was recorded from the North Sea as far north as southern
<collectingCountry id="56C3FFD6290BFFD72816F9070DA866A3" box="[1350,1439,1720,1741]" name="Norway" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">Norway</collectingCountry>
, in the central North Sea, near the British coasts and in the Skagerrak.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E6BBF46290BFFD42E6BF886090E6159" blockId="16.[827,1442,1849,1901]" lastBlockId="19.[145,761,197,311]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="197" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">
<emphasis id="1CA06354290BFFD72E6BF8860C696720" box="[827,1118,1849,1870]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">
Remarks:
<taxonomicName id="E9D4C4C5290BFFD72EE5F8860C696720" authorityName="Chambers" authorityYear="1985" box="[949,1118,1849,1870]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sigalionidae" genus="Pholoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="16" pageNumber="194" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pallida">Pholoe pallida</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is one of the
<taxonomicName id="E9D4C4C5290BFFD729ACF8860D956721" box="[1276,1442,1849,1871]" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">
<emphasis id="1CA06354290BFFD729ACF8860D7E6720" box="[1276,1353,1849,1870]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="194">Pholoe</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
exhibiting morphological characters allowing a straightforward identification. These characters are the absence of eyes, the presence of distinct elytral papillae with robust base (
<figureCitation id="B6EFA3C3290AFFD62C95F8F90A2F6732" box="[453,536,1862,1884]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="15.[144,222,1702,1724]" captionTargetBox="[147,1441,914,1660]" captionTargetId="figure-335@15.[145,1441,912,1662]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 5. Pholoe pallidaChambers, 1985. CLSM and LM studies.A, prostomial region, dorsal view; stained with Shirlastain A and studied with CLSM. A’, same but selection of layer from image stack with focus on lateral antennae. A’’, same but selection of layer from image stack with focus on wide base of facial tubercle. B, light micrograph of anterior end, stained with methyl green, dorsal view. C, posterior end, dorsal view. D, middle elytron, stained with Shirlastain A. E, marginal elytral papillae from middle elytron; note robust base. F, micrograph of live specimens; note red spot behind prostomial region. latA, lateral antenna; medA, median antenna; P, palp; dTC and vTC, dorsal/ventral tentacular cirrus. A–A’’, RSM Z.2009.5.137; B, C, ZSRO-P701; D–F, ZMBN 127136, Koster Area, Sweden." pageId="17" pageNumber="195">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
) and a conspicuous facial tubercle with wide base in large specimens (
<figureCitation id="B6EFA3C3290AFFD62E61F8980BB46753" box="[817,899,1831,1853]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="15.[144,222,1702,1724]" captionTargetBox="[147,1441,914,1660]" captionTargetId="figure-335@15.[145,1441,912,1662]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 5. Pholoe pallidaChambers, 1985. CLSM and LM studies.A, prostomial region, dorsal view; stained with Shirlastain A and studied with CLSM. A’, same but selection of layer from image stack with focus on lateral antennae. A’’, same but selection of layer from image stack with focus on wide base of facial tubercle. B, light micrograph of anterior end, stained with methyl green, dorsal view. C, posterior end, dorsal view. D, middle elytron, stained with Shirlastain A. E, marginal elytral papillae from middle elytron; note robust base. F, micrograph of live specimens; note red spot behind prostomial region. latA, lateral antenna; medA, median antenna; P, palp; dTC and vTC, dorsal/ventral tentacular cirrus. A–A’’, RSM Z.2009.5.137; B, C, ZSRO-P701; D–F, ZMBN 127136, Koster Area, Sweden." pageId="17" pageNumber="195">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
). Also, the presence of lateral antennae could be documented using CLSM (
<figureCitation id="B6EFA3C3290AFFD629C4F8F90CDC6732" box="[1172,1259,1862,1884]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="15.[144,222,1702,1724]" captionTargetBox="[147,1441,914,1660]" captionTargetId="figure-335@15.[145,1441,912,1662]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 5. Pholoe pallidaChambers, 1985. CLSM and LM studies.A, prostomial region, dorsal view; stained with Shirlastain A and studied with CLSM. A’, same but selection of layer from image stack with focus on lateral antennae. A’’, same but selection of layer from image stack with focus on wide base of facial tubercle. B, light micrograph of anterior end, stained with methyl green, dorsal view. C, posterior end, dorsal view. D, middle elytron, stained with Shirlastain A. E, marginal elytral papillae from middle elytron; note robust base. F, micrograph of live specimens; note red spot behind prostomial region. latA, lateral antenna; medA, median antenna; P, palp; dTC and vTC, dorsal/ventral tentacular cirrus. A–A’’, RSM Z.2009.5.137; B, C, ZSRO-P701; D–F, ZMBN 127136, Koster Area, Sweden." pageId="17" pageNumber="195">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
, A’) and thus contradicting the statement in the original description of lateral antennae being absent. The presence of two rows of teeth on the blades of compound neurochaetae has been documented by a SEM micrograph to be found in
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. This character is shared with
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spp.
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from European waters exhibit one row of teeth on the blades.
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by the absence of the facial tubercle.
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E4868E43BA118CB0DAF44412F0035240">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="EE8EEF6D9328A159C74729E1BDB13D88" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="D585005F88683B4AB95EFC50C84A3B4C">
<mods:title id="0289B857C9D30A79553889D4C97E1F2B">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="EDEFA3C831F60798231175EFE98676A9">
<mods:date id="1546F1F75A244318ABB7FAFEDFD8350D">2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="1D321F11F91EC0E3373C09BAD992E654" type="volume">
<mods:number id="D6E8F7C0D1FDFAA4585A1193AF098E28">189</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="504E91849A754AA392453F43E740441A" unit="page">
<mods:start id="2D10394A48D8F190B1CA893D6533D289">178</mods:start>
<mods:end id="463548092B60A1D5E5E273DA603F19E4">206</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="F4F6436703AF7B2B3F3411617616BE46">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="7CE4AEA6228B299D011C645D3A04B18F" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="A67D0E50291DFFCE2DE1F9F8090965E9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A67D0E50291DFFCE2DE1F9F8090965E9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A67D0E50291DFFCE2DE1F9F8090965E9" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="186" pageId="6" pageNumber="184">
<subSubSection id="66CEECCD291DFFC12DE1F9F80ACB6631" box="[177,764,1606,1631]" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="2E6BBF46291DFFC12DE1F9F80ACB6631" blockId="6.[177,764,1606,1631]" box="[177,764,1606,1631]" pageId="6" pageNumber="184">
<heading id="7523082A291DFFC12DE1F9F80ACB6631" box="[177,764,1606,1631]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="E9D4C4C5291DFFC12DE1F9F80ABA6631" ID-CoL="4GMLD" authority="BICK &amp; GOSSELCK, 1985" authorityName="BICK &amp; GOSSELCK" authorityYear="1985" box="[177,653,1606,1631]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sigalionidae" genus="Pholoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="1CA06354291DFFC12DE1F9F809596630" box="[177,366,1607,1630]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="184">
<smallCapsWord id="288D299A291DFFC12DE1F9F809386630" baselines="1624,1625" box="[177,271,1607,1630]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Pholoe" pageId="6" pageNumber="184">PHOLOE</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="288D299A291DFFC12C45F9F509596630" baselines="1625" box="[277,366,1610,1630]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="minuta" pageId="6" pageNumber="184">MINUTA</smallCapsWord>
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4A45C2B7291DFFC12C25F9F90ABA6631" author="Bick A &amp; Gosselck F" box="[373,653,1606,1631]" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" pagination="171 - 272" refId="ref18527" refString="Bick A, Gosselck F. 1985. Arbeitsschlussel zur Bestimmung der Polychaeten der Ostsee. Mitteilungen aus dem Museum fur Naturkunde in Berlin. Zoologisches Museum und Institut fur Spezielle Zoologie (Berlin) 61: 171-272." type="journal article" year="1985">
<smallCapsWord id="288D299A291DFFC12C25F9F909996630" baselines="1625,1625" box="[373,430,1606,1631]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Bick" pageId="6" pageNumber="184">BICK</smallCapsWord>
&amp;
<smallCapsWord id="288D299A291DFFC12C81F9F90A7F6630" baselines="1625,1625" box="[465,584,1606,1631]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Gosselck" pageId="6" pageNumber="184">GOSSELCK</smallCapsWord>
, 1985
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[
<smallCapsWord id="288D299A291DFFC12FCDF9F50A816630" baselines="1625" box="[669,694,1610,1630]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="in" pageId="6" pageNumber="184">IN</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="288D299A291DFFC12FEDF9F50AC36630" baselines="1625" box="[701,756,1610,1630]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="part" pageId="6" pageNumber="184">PART</smallCapsWord>
]
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="66CEECCD291DFFCE2DF3F930090965E9" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="2E6BBF46291DFFC12DF3F9300A0C66AD" blockId="6.[163,778,1679,1731]" pageId="6" pageNumber="184">
<materialsCitation id="9EBCB51B291DFFC12DF3F9300A0266AD" country="Norway" location="Oslo" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Oslo" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="1CA06354291DFFC12DF3F930097766CA" box="[163,320,1679,1700]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="184">
<typeStatus id="F16F01E4291DFFC12DF3F93008ED66CA" box="[163,218,1679,1700]" pageId="6" pageNumber="184">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="56C3FFD6291DFFC12C1EF930099E66CA" box="[334,425,1679,1700]" name="Norway" pageId="6" pageNumber="184">Norway</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="EC1071A4291DFFC12CE5F93009DE66CB" box="[437,489,1679,1701]" country="Norway" name="Oslo" pageId="6" pageNumber="184">Oslo</collectingRegion>
Fjord, Drøbak; no
<typeStatus id="F16F01E4291DFFC12F9CF9300B3D66CA" box="[716,778,1679,1700]" pageId="6" pageNumber="184">types</typeStatus>
are known to exist (
<bibRefCitation id="4A45C2B7291DFFC12CD4F9110A1C66AD" author="Petersen ME" box="[388,555,1710,1731]" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" pagination="1373 - 1376" refId="ref19668" refString="Petersen ME. 1998. Pholoe (Polychaeta: Pholoidae) from northern Europe: a key and notes on the nearshore species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 78: 1373-1376." type="journal article" year="1998">Petersen, 1998</bibRefCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E6BBF46291DFFC12DF3F9580C8C6737" blockId="6.[163,779,1767,1881]" lastBlockId="6.[827,1443,1399,1881]" pageId="6" pageNumber="184">
<emphasis id="1CA06354291DFFC12DF3F95809426692" box="[163,373,1767,1788]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="184">Non-type material:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="9EBCB51B291DFFC12CD2F95809526736" collectingDate="2004-09-01" county="Kongsfjorden" elevation="26" latitude="78.92834" location="North Atlantic Ocean" longLatPrecision="94" longitude="11.9366665" municipality="Spitsbergen" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" specimenCode="ZSRO-P2494" specimenCount="1">
<location id="2B0BE99D291DFFC12CD2F9580A426692" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A67D0E50291DFFCE2DE1F9F8090965E9:2B0BE99D291DFFC12CD2F9580A426692" box="[386,629,1767,1789]" county="Kongsfjorden" latitude="78.92834" longLatPrecision="94" longitude="11.9366665" municipality="Spitsbergen" name="North Atlantic Ocean" pageId="6" pageNumber="184">North Atlantic Ocean</location>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="CE0F253C291DFFC12F2DF9580B3F6693" box="[637,776,1767,1789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="184">Spitsbergen</collectingMunicipality>
:
<collectingCounty id="C70AC7CA291DFFC12DF3F8BA090A6775" box="[163,317,1797,1819]" pageId="6" pageNumber="184">Kongsfjorden</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D981291DFFC12C15F8B9098F6775" box="[325,440,1797,1819]" degrees="78" direction="north" minutes="55.7" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" precision="92" value="78.92834">78° 55.7’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D981291DFFC12C91F8B90A036775" box="[449,564,1797,1819]" degrees="11" direction="east" minutes="56.2" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" precision="92" value="11.9366665">11° 56.2’E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="5A6A9986291DFFC12F6CF8B90B306775" box="[572,775,1797,1819]" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" value="2004-09-01">
<collectingDate id="4A2E606E291DFFC12F6CF8B90B306775" box="[572,775,1797,1819]" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" value="2004-09-01">1 September 2004</collectingDate>
</date>
, depth
<quantity id="E92C12A3291DFFC12DB9F89B09156754" box="[233,290,1828,1850]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" unit="m" value="26.0">
<elevation id="A5F95875291DFFC12DB9F89B09156754" box="[233,290,1828,1850]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" unit="m" value="26.0">26 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, very fine sand, 32.2 psu, 2.0 °C, 5 af, 5 mf, 1 pf (
<specimenCode id="7E72173D291DFFC12D97F8FC09696736" box="[199,350,1859,1880]" collectionCode="ZSRO-P" pageId="6" pageNumber="184">ZSRO-P2494</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="9EBCB51B291DFFC12C3FF8FC0C3065C2" collectingDate="2004-09-01" elevation="13" latitude="78.905" longLatPrecision="92" longitude="12.2543335" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" specimenCode="ZSRO-P2495" specimenCount="1">
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D981291DFFC12C3FF8FC09D26737" box="[367,485,1859,1881]" degrees="78" direction="north" minutes="54.3" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" precision="92" value="78.905">78° 54.3’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D981291DFFC12CBFF8FC0A466737" box="[495,625,1859,1881]" degrees="12" direction="east" minutes="15.26" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" precision="9" value="12.2543335">12° 15.26’E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="5A6A9986291DFFC12F2CF8FC0B4365E3" box="[636,884,1400,1881]" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" value="2004-09-01">
<collectingDate id="4A2E606E291DFFC12F2CF8FC0B4365E3" box="[636,884,1400,1881]" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" value="2004-09-01">1 September 2004</collectingDate>
</date>
, depth
<quantity id="E92C12A3291DFFC12E92FAC80C1465E3" box="[962,1059,1399,1421]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" unit="m" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">
<elevation id="A5F95875291DFFC12E92FAC80C1465E3" box="[962,1059,1399,1421]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" unit="m" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10–15 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, very fine sand, 1 complete, 7 af, 11 mf (
<specimenCode id="7E72173D291DFFC12E38FA290C3765C2" box="[872,1024,1430,1452]" collectionCode="ZSRO-P" pageId="6" pageNumber="184">ZSRO-P2495</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="9EBCB51B291DFFC12942FA280C9A6666" collectingDate="1992-11-10" country="Norway" determinerName="M. Petersen" elevation="75" location="Oslofjorden" municipality="Tollerhausen" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="56C3FFD6291DFFC12942FA280C5D65C2" box="[1042,1130,1431,1452]" name="Norway" pageId="6" pageNumber="184">Norway</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="2B0BE99D291DFFC12926FA290CCB65C2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A67D0E50291DFFCE2DE1F9F8090965E9:2B0BE99D291DFFC12926FA290CCB65C2" box="[1142,1276,1430,1452]" country="Norway" municipality="Tollerhausen" name="Oslofjorden" pageId="6" pageNumber="184">Oslofjorden</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="CE0F253C291DFFC12857FA290DA865C2" box="[1287,1439,1430,1452]" pageId="6" pageNumber="184">Tollerhausen</collectingMunicipality>
,
<date id="5A6A9986291DFFC12E6BFA0A0C1365A4" box="[827,1060,1461,1483]" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" value="1992-11-10">
<collectingDate id="4A2E606E291DFFC12E6BFA0A0C1365A4" box="[827,1060,1461,1483]" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" value="1992-11-10">10 November 1992</collectingDate>
</date>
, depth
<quantity id="E92C12A3291DFFC129D3FA0A0CF565A4" box="[1155,1218,1461,1483]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" unit="m" value="75.0">
<elevation id="A5F95875291DFFC129D3FA0A0CF565A4" box="[1155,1218,1461,1483]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" unit="m" value="75.0">75 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, det.
<determinerName id="DBB75382291DFFC12859FA0A0DAA65A4" box="[1289,1437,1461,1482]" pageId="6" pageNumber="184">M. Petersen</determinerName>
,&gt;100 af, several complete (NHMD-297276), 1af, 4 mf, 2 pf SEM (NHMD-297276)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="9EBCB51B291DFFC129EAFA4C0C9F66ED" collectingDate="1968-05-11" collectingDateMax="1998-09-05" collectingDateMin="1968-05-11" country="United Kingdom" determinerName="M. Petersen" elevation="30" latitude="56.284283" location="Loch Etive" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="12.20255" municipality="Kattegat" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" specimenCode="ZSRO-P598" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="56C3FFD6291DFFC129EAFA4C0CD36666" box="[1210,1252,1523,1544]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="6" pageNumber="184">UK</collectingCountry>
, Scotland,
<location id="2B0BE99D291DFFC1283AFA4D0B4C6649" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A67D0E50291DFFCE2DE1F9F8090965E9:2B0BE99D291DFFC1283AFA4D0B4C6649" country="United Kingdom" latitude="56.284283" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="12.20255" municipality="Kattegat" name="Loch Etive" pageId="6" pageNumber="184">Loch Etive</location>
,
<date id="5A6A9986291DFFC12ED8F9AE0C156649" box="[904,1058,1553,1575]" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" value="1968-05-11">
<collectingDate id="4A2E606E291DFFC12ED8F9AE0C156649" box="[904,1058,1553,1575]" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" value="1968-05-11">11 May 1968</collectingDate>
</date>
, soft mud, det.
<determinerName id="DBB75382291DFFC1298BF9AE0D5D6648" box="[1243,1386,1553,1574]" pageId="6" pageNumber="184">M. Petersen</determinerName>
, ~30 af, several mf and pf (NHMD-298015);
<collectingMunicipality id="CE0F253C291DFFC12856F98F0D47662B" box="[1286,1392,1584,1605]" pageId="6" pageNumber="184">Kattegat</collectingMunicipality>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D981291DFFC1282DF9900B9F660A" degrees="56" direction="north" minutes="17.057" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" precision="1" value="56.284283">56° 17.057’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D981291DFFC12EE8F9F10C6F660A" box="[952,1112,1614,1636]" degrees="12" direction="east" minutes="12.153" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" precision="1" value="12.20255">12° 12.153’E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="5A6A9986291DFFC12938F9F10D7A660D" box="[1128,1357,1614,1636]" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" value="1998-09-05">
<collectingDate id="4A2E606E291DFFC12938F9F10D7A660D" box="[1128,1357,1614,1636]" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" value="1998-09-05">5 September 1998</collectingDate>
</date>
, depth
<quantity id="E92C12A3291DFFC12E6BF9D20BBA66EC" box="[827,909,1645,1666]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.04" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" unit="m" value="30.4">
<elevation id="A5F95875291DFFC12E6BF9D20BBA66EC" box="[827,909,1645,1666]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.04" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" unit="m" value="30.4">30.4 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 2 af, 3 pf (
<specimenCode id="7E72173D291DFFC12942F9D20C9666ED" box="[1042,1185,1645,1667]" collectionCode="ZSRO-P" pageId="6" pageNumber="184">ZSRO-P598</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="9EBCB51B291DFFC129E5F9D30DBD66B0" collectingDate="1981-09-12" collectionCode="NHM" country="United Kingdom" determinerName="M. Petersen" latitude="56.100834" location="Oresund" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="12.485283" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" specimenCount="1">
<location id="2B0BE99D291DFFC129E5F9D30D2B66ED" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A67D0E50291DFFCE2DE1F9F8090965E9:2B0BE99D291DFFC129E5F9D30D2B66ED" box="[1205,1308,1644,1667]" country="United Kingdom" latitude="56.100834" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="12.485283" name="Oresund" pageId="6" pageNumber="184">Øresund</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D981291DFFC12879F9D20DA966ED" box="[1321,1438,1645,1667]" degrees="56" direction="north" minutes="06" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" precision="15" seconds="3" value="56.10083">56°06’3”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D981291DFFC12E6BF9330B9A66CF" box="[827,941,1676,1697]" degrees="12" direction="east" minutes="29" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" precision="15" seconds="7" value="12.485278">12°29’7”E</geoCoordinate>
(
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D981291DFFC12EEEF9340C7F66CF" box="[958,1096,1675,1697]" degrees="56" direction="north" minutes="6.050" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" precision="1" value="56.100834">56° 6.050’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D981291DFFC12904F9330CDC66CF" box="[1108,1259,1676,1697]" degrees="12" direction="east" minutes="29.117" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" precision="1" value="12.485283">12° 29.117’E</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="5A6A9986291DFFC12850F9330B4366D1" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" value="1981-09-12">
<collectingDate id="4A2E606E291DFFC12850F9330B4366D1" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" value="1981-09-12">12 September 1981</collectingDate>
</date>
, depth 17.5–18.0 m, muddy sand and shells, det.
<determinerName id="DBB75382291DFFC12E6BF9760BF066B0" box="[827,967,1737,1758]" pageId="6" pageNumber="184">M. Petersen</determinerName>
, 13 af, several mf (
<collectionCode id="48C52783291DFFC129CFF9760CD766B0" box="[1183,1248,1737,1758]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14908" name="University of Nottingham" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" type="Herbarium">NHM</collectionCode>
<collectingCountry id="56C3FFD6291DFFC129B8F9760D3866B0" box="[1256,1295,1737,1758]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="6" pageNumber="184">UK</collectingCountry>
1998.370)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="9EBCB51B291DFFC128C5F9760CD96754" collectingDate="1988-07-12" collectionCode="NHM" country="United Kingdom" elevation="18" latitude="54.2" location="Mecklenburg Bay" longLatPrecision="927" longitude="11.838333" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" specimenCode="ZSRO-P229" specimenCount="1">
1 af SEM (
<collectionCode id="48C52783291DFFC12ECFF9570BD76693" box="[927,992,1768,1789]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14908" name="University of Nottingham" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" type="Herbarium">NHM</collectionCode>
<collectingCountry id="56C3FFD6291DFFC12EB8F9570C386693" box="[1000,1039,1768,1789]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="6" pageNumber="184">UK</collectingCountry>
1998.370a),
<emphasis id="1CA06354291DFFC129F1F9570C9B6693" box="[1185,1196,1768,1789]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="184">c</emphasis>
. 100 specm. (NHMD-298014);
<location id="2B0BE99D291DFFC12EF1F8B90C5C6772" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A67D0E50291DFFCE2DE1F9F8090965E9:2B0BE99D291DFFC12EF1F8B90C5C6772" box="[929,1131,1798,1820]" country="United Kingdom" latitude="54.2" longLatPrecision="927" longitude="11.838333" name="Mecklenburg Bay" pageId="6" pageNumber="184">Mecklenburg Bay</location>
:
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D981291DFFC12924F8B90CF96772" box="[1140,1230,1798,1820]" degrees="54" direction="north" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" precision="925" value="54.2">54°12’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D981291DFFC12988F8B90D716772" box="[1240,1350,1798,1820]" degrees="11" direction="east" minutes="50.3" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" precision="92" value="11.838333">11°50.3’E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="5A6A9986291DFFC12800F8B90B426754" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" value="1988-07-12">
<collectingDate id="4A2E606E291DFFC12800F8B90B426754" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" value="1988-07-12">12 July 1988</collectingDate>
</date>
, depth
<quantity id="E92C12A3291DFFC12E9BF89A0C316754" box="[971,1030,1829,1850]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" unit="m" value="18.0">
<elevation id="A5F95875291DFFC12E9BF89A0C316754" box="[971,1030,1829,1850]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 10 af (
<specimenCode id="7E72173D291DFFC1290BF89A0CD16754" box="[1115,1254,1829,1850]" collectionCode="ZSRO-P" pageId="6" pageNumber="184">ZSRO-P229</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="9EBCB51B291DFFC129AAF89A0C816737" country="United Kingdom" pageId="6" pageNumber="184" specimenCode="ZSRO-P228" specimenCount="1">
28 specm., few complete, 2 af SEM (
<specimenCode id="7E72173D291DFFC12975F8FB0C876737" box="[1061,1200,1860,1881]" collectionCode="ZSRO-P" pageId="6" pageNumber="184">ZSRO-P228</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="7AABEFCE291CFFC02DC1FA45099F6695" pageId="7" pageNumber="185" startId="7.[145,223,1530,1552]" targetBox="[147,1425,197,1488]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="2E6BBF46291CFFC02DC1FA45099F6695" blockId="7.[145,1426,1530,1787]" pageId="7" pageNumber="185">
<emphasis id="1CA06354291CFFC02DC1FA4508CE6661" bold="true" box="[145,249,1530,1552]" pageId="7" pageNumber="185">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E9D4C4C5291CFFC02C54FA450A0F667E" authority="Orsted, 1845" authorityName="Orsted" authorityYear="1845" box="[260,568,1530,1552]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sigalionidae" genus="Pholoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="185" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="assimilis">
<emphasis id="1CA06354291CFFC02C54FA45099A667E" box="[260,429,1530,1552]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="185">Pholoe assimilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4A45C2B7291CFFC02CE3FA450A0F667E" author="Orsted AS" box="[435,568,1530,1552]" pageId="7" pageNumber="185" pagination="400 - 427" refId="ref19574" refString="Orsted AS. 1845. Fortegnelse over Dyr, samlede i Christianiafjord ved Drobak fra 21 - 24 Juli 1844. Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift Ser. 2 1: 400-427." type="journal article" year="1845">Örsted, 1845</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. SEM and LM studies. A, anterior end, frontal view; close-up of prostomial region. B, posterior elytron of subrectangular to rounded shape with few submarginal and long marginal unarticulated papillae. C, live specimen, dorsal view; note dorsum completely covered by elytra. D, complete specimen, dorsal view; stained with methyl green. D’, close-up of posterior region of same specimen; note long elytral papillae. E, elytral papillae. F, compound falcigerous neurochaeta from sixth chaetigers. G, close-up of blade from compound neurochaeta; note presence of up to four parallel rows of teeth on the blade. H, blade of compound neurochaeta; note presence of two parallel rows of teeth. dTC, dorsal tentacular cirrus;
<emphasis id="1CA06354291CFFC02CCCF91509EE66AE" box="[412,473,1706,1728]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="185">medA</emphasis>
, median antenna; vTC, ventral tentacular cirrus. All SEM images A, E, G, H ZSRO-P228 Baltic Sea, Mecklenburg Bay; B, F NHMD-297276 Norway, Oslofjorden, Tollerhausen; C ZMBN 127040, Barents Sea; D, D’ ZSRO-P2495, Spitsbergen.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2E6BBF46291CFFCF2DC1F89E0AB861FD" blockId="7.[145,761,1825,1908]" lastBlockId="8.[163,778,197,403]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="186" pageId="7" pageNumber="185">
<emphasis id="1CA06354291CFFC02DC1F89E0A14673A" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="185">Specimens collected for DNA work, fixed in 96% ethanol, morphologically examined:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="9EBCB51B291CFFC02F67F8FF08F7671D" collectorName="Barents Sea" country="Norway" location="Norway" pageId="7" pageNumber="185" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="56C3FFD6291CFFC02F67F8FF0AA4673B" box="[567,659,1856,1877]" name="Norway" pageId="7" pageNumber="185">Norway</collectingCountry>
:
<collectorName id="8321DA90291CFFC02FCEF8FF08F7671D" pageId="7" pageNumber="185">Barents Sea</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="9EBCB51B291CFFC02D80F8E10D3D673B" collectingDate="2009-09-01" collectionCode="ZMBN" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" elevation="171" latitude="80.01" location="Svalbard" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="22.2006" pageId="7" pageNumber="185" specimenCode="ZMBN 127059, 127061, 127062, 127063, 127071" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="56C3FFD6291CFFC02D80F8E10973671A" box="[208,324,1886,1908]" name="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" pageId="7" pageNumber="185">Svalbard</collectingCountry>
:
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D981291CFFC02C03F8E10992671D" box="[339,421,1886,1907]" degrees="80.010" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="185" precision="55" value="80.01">80.010</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D981291CFFC02CE1F8E10A25671A" box="[433,530,1886,1908]" degrees="22.2006" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="185" precision="5" value="22.2006">22.2006</geoCoordinate>
(
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D981291CFFC02F77F8E10AF2671A" box="[551,709,1886,1908]" degrees="80" direction="north" minutes="0.600" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="185" precision="1" value="80.01">80° 0.600’ N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D981291CFFC02F81F8E10BAD6758" box="[721,922,1825,1907]" degrees="22" direction="east" minutes="12.036" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="185" precision="1" value="22.2006">22° 12.036’ E</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="5A6A9986291CFFC02EE1F89E0CBB6758" box="[945,1164,1825,1847]" pageId="7" pageNumber="185" value="2009-09-01">
<collectingDate id="4A2E606E291CFFC02EE1F89E0CBB6758" box="[945,1164,1825,1847]" pageId="7" pageNumber="185" value="2009-09-01">1 September 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
, depth
<quantity id="E92C12A3291CFFC029B7F89E0D076758" box="[1255,1328,1825,1846]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.71" pageId="7" pageNumber="185" unit="m" value="171.0">
<elevation id="A5F95875291CFFC029B7F89E0D076758" box="[1255,1328,1825,1846]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.71" pageId="7" pageNumber="185" unit="m" value="171.0">171 m</elevation>
</quantity>
(
<specimenCode id="7E72173D291CFFC02811F89E0B49673B" collectionCode="ZMBN" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="7" pageNumber="185">ZMBN 127059</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="7E72173D291CFFC02EDAF8800BE8673B" box="[906,991,1855,1877]" collectionCode="ZMBN" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="7" pageNumber="185">127061</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="7E72173D291CFFC02EBBF8800C77673B" box="[1003,1088,1855,1877]" collectionCode="ZMBN" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="7" pageNumber="185">127062</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="7E72173D291CFFC0291CF8800C96673B" box="[1100,1185,1855,1877]" collectionCode="ZMBN" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="7" pageNumber="185">127063</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="7E72173D291CFFC029FDF8FF0D34673B" box="[1197,1283,1856,1877]" collectionCode="ZMBN" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="7" pageNumber="185">127071</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="9EBCB51B291CFFCF2846F88009346097" collectingDate="2014-04-15" collectionCode="ZMBN" country="Svalbard" elevation="315" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="186" latitude="69.89833" location="Finnmark" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="30.918167" municipality="Sor-Varanger" pageId="7" pageNumber="185" specimenCode="ZMBN 127040" specimenCount="1">
<location id="2B0BE99D291CFFC02846F8800DBA673B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A67D0E50291DFFCE2DE1F9F8090965E9:2B0BE99D291CFFC02846F8800DBA673B" box="[1302,1421,1855,1877]" country="Svalbard" latitude="69.89833" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="30.918167" municipality="Sor-Varanger" name="Finnmark" pageId="7" pageNumber="185">Finnmark</location>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="CE0F253C291CFFC02E79F8E10BFD671D" box="[809,970,1886,1907]" pageId="7" pageNumber="185">Sør-Varanger</collectingMunicipality>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D981291CFFC02E87F8E10C63671A" box="[983,1108,1886,1908]" degrees="69.898333" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="185" precision="1" value="69.89833">69.898333</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D981291CFFC02933F8E10CE9671A" box="[1123,1246,1886,1908]" degrees="30.918167" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="185" precision="1" value="30.918167">30.918167</geoCoordinate>
(
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D981291CFFC029A0F8E10DBB671A" box="[1264,1420,1886,1908]" degrees="69" direction="north" minutes="53.900" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="185" precision="1" value="69.89833">69° 53.900’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D9812913FFCF2DF3FF7A097C60B5" box="[163,331,197,219]" degrees="30" direction="east" minutes="55.0900" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="186" precision="1" value="30.918167">30° 55.0900’E</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="5A6A99862913FFCF2C30FF7A0A3160B4" box="[352,518,197,219]" pageId="8" pageNumber="186" value="2014-04-15">
<collectingDate id="4A2E606E2913FFCF2C30FF7A0A3160B4" box="[352,518,197,219]" pageId="8" pageNumber="186" value="2014-04-15">15 April 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
, depth
<quantity id="E92C12A32913FFCF2F31FF7A0A9D60B5" box="[609,682,197,219]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" pageId="8" pageNumber="186" unit="m" value="315.0">
<elevation id="A5F958752913FFCF2F31FF7A0A9D60B5" box="[609,682,197,219]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" pageId="8" pageNumber="186" unit="m" value="315.0">315 m</elevation>
</quantity>
(
<specimenCode id="7E72173D2913FFCF2FEBFF7A08CB6097" collectionCode="ZMBN" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="8" pageNumber="186">ZMBN 127040</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="9EBCB51B2913FFCF2C5FFF5B09376138" collectingDate="2005-04" collectionCode="ZMBN" country="Sweden" elevation="75" latitude="58.95" location="Koster Area" longLatPrecision="925" longitude="11.0833" municipality="Hallsoarna" pageId="8" pageNumber="186" specimenCode="ZMBN 127056, 127058" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="56C3FFD62913FFCF2C5FFF5B095A6094" box="[271,365,228,250]" name="Sweden" pageId="8" pageNumber="186">Sweden</collectingCountry>
:
<location id="2B0BE99D2913FFCF2C29FF5B0A3D6097" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A67D0E50291DFFCE2DE1F9F8090965E9:2B0BE99D2913FFCF2C29FF5B0A3D6097" box="[377,522,228,249]" country="Sweden" latitude="58.95" longLatPrecision="925" longitude="11.0833" municipality="Hallsoarna" name="Koster Area" pageId="8" pageNumber="186">Koster Area</location>
, between
<collectingMunicipality id="CE0F253C2913FFCF2FD1FF5B0B316094" box="[641,774,228,250]" pageId="8" pageNumber="186">Hällsöarna</collectingMunicipality>
, 58.95, 11.0833 (
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D9812913FFCF2C36FEBD09E76176" box="[358,464,258,280]" degrees="58" direction="north" minutes="57" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="186" precision="925" value="58.95">58° 57’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D9812913FFCF2C8EFEBC0A5A6176" box="[478,621,259,280]" degrees="11" direction="east" minutes="4.998" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="186" precision="1" value="11.0833">11° 4.998’E</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="5A6A99862913FFCF2FD3FEBD0B316176" box="[643,774,258,280]" pageId="8" pageNumber="186" value="2005-04">
<collectingDate id="4A2E606E2913FFCF2FD3FEBD0B316176" box="[643,774,258,280]" pageId="8" pageNumber="186" value="2005-04">April 2005</collectingDate>
</date>
, depth
<quantity id="E92C12A32913FFCF2DA2FE9E096A6159" box="[242,349,289,311]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="186" unit="m" value="75.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="70.0">
<elevation id="A5F958752913FFCF2DA2FE9E096A6159" box="[242,349,289,311]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="186" unit="m" value="75.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="70.0">70–80 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, mud, soft bottom (
<specimenCode id="7E72173D2913FFCF2F01FE9E0B326159" box="[593,773,289,311]" collectionCode="ZMBN" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="8" pageNumber="186">ZMBN 127056</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="7E72173D2913FFCF2DF3FEFF08CE6138" box="[163,249,320,342]" collectionCode="ZMBN" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="8" pageNumber="186">127058</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="9EBCB51B2913FFCF2C5BFEFF0ABC61FD" collectingDate="2011-05-26" collectionCode="ZMBN" country="Sweden" elevation="95" latitude="58.410233" location="Aust-Agder" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="8.7460165" municipality="Arendal" pageId="8" pageNumber="186" specimenCode="ZMBN 127052" specimenCount="1">
<location id="2B0BE99D2913FFCF2C5BFEFF09B86138" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A67D0E50291DFFCE2DE1F9F8090965E9:2B0BE99D2913FFCF2C5BFEFF09B86138" box="[267,399,320,342]" country="Sweden" latitude="58.410233" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="8.7460165" municipality="Arendal" name="Aust-Agder" pageId="8" pageNumber="186">Aust-Agder</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="CE0F253C2913FFCF2CC9FEFF09CF6138" box="[409,504,320,342]" pageId="8" pageNumber="186">Arendal</collectingMunicipality>
, AErøydypet:
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D9812913FFCF2FDFFEFF0B306138" box="[655,775,320,342]" degrees="58.410233" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="186" precision="1" value="58.410233">58.410233</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D9812913FFCF2DF3FEE10938611A" box="[163,271,350,372]" degrees="8.746017" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="186" precision="1" value="8.746017">8.746017</geoCoordinate>
(
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D9812913FFCF2C70FEE1098C611A" box="[288,443,350,372]" degrees="58" direction="north" minutes="24.614" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="186" precision="1" value="58.410233">58° 24.614’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4BE0D9812913FFCF2C98FEE00A64611A" box="[456,595,350,372]" degrees="8" direction="east" minutes="44.761" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="186" precision="1" value="8.7460165">8° 44.761’E</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="5A6A99862913FFCF2F39FEE10B32611A" box="[617,773,350,372]" pageId="8" pageNumber="186" value="2011-05-26">
<collectingDate id="4A2E606E2913FFCF2F39FEE10B32611A" box="[617,773,350,372]" pageId="8" pageNumber="186" value="2011-05-26">26 May 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
, depth
<quantity id="E92C12A32913FFCF2DBBFEC2096B61FD" box="[235,348,381,403]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="9.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="186" unit="m" value="95.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="90.0">
<elevation id="A5F958752913FFCF2DBBFEC2096B61FD" box="[235,348,381,403]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="9.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="186" unit="m" value="95.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="90.0">90–100 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, soft mud (
<specimenCode id="7E72173D2913FFCF2C88FEC20AB561FD" box="[472,642,381,403]" collectionCode="ZMBN" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="8" pageNumber="186">ZMBN 127052</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E6BBF462913FFCF2DF3FE030957630E" blockId="8.[163,779,444,864]" pageId="8" pageNumber="186">
<emphasis id="1CA063542913FFCF2DF3FE03091461BF" box="[163,291,444,465]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="186">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Specimens often pale, sometimes with orange or brownish cover on the surface; two pairs of closely set black eyes present; mid-dorsum completely covered by elytra; elytral papillae mostly marginal, long, slender, distally capitate, elongated on posterior elytra; facial tubercle absent; lateral antenna absent; notopodium at the base with few large simple papillae along its anterior and posterior edge, neuropodium with several short papillae more or less evenly distributed over the neuropodial surface, short papillae slightly more numerous at the posterior side; neurochaetae heterogomph compound chaetae with two or more rows of short teeth along the blade (only seen in
<collectionCode id="48C527832913FFCF2F9AFC930B34632F" box="[714,771,812,833]" pageId="8" pageNumber="186">SEM</collectionCode>
) or blade smooth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E6BBF462913FFCF2DF3FC35096B6474" blockId="8.[163,780,905,1908]" pageId="8" pageNumber="186">
<emphasis id="1CA063542913FFCF2DF3FC35091C63F1" box="[163,299,906,927]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="186">Description:</emphasis>
Smallest of
<taxonomicName id="E9D4C4C52913FFCF2CEBFC360A6C63F1" box="[443,603,905,927]" pageId="8" pageNumber="186">
<emphasis id="1CA063542913FFCF2CEBFC360A3163F0" box="[443,518,905,926]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="186">Pholoe</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
from European coastal waters. Largest complete specimen with 37 chaetigers, about
<quantity id="E92C12A32913FFCF2CF0FC7909CC63B2" box="[416,507,966,988]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="186" unit="mm" value="6.1">6.1 mm</quantity>
in length and
<quantity id="E92C12A32913FFCF2FE1FC780B3D63B2" box="[689,778,967,988]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="186" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
wide (from Spitsbergen). Other examined specimens between 2.1 and
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E6BBF462913FFCF2DF3FB9D0AC4662F" blockId="8.[163,780,905,1908]" pageId="8" pageNumber="186">
<quantity id="E92C12A32913FFCF2DF3FB9D09356456" box="[163,258,1058,1080]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="186" unit="mm" value="5.1">5.1 mm</quantity>
long and 0.6–1.0 mm wide, with 22–35 chaetigers. Body short, linear, depressed (
<figureCitation id="B6EFA3C32913FFCF2FFCFBFE0881641B" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[145,223,1530,1552]" captionTargetBox="[147,1425,197,1488]" captionTargetId="figure-66@7.[145,1425,195,1490]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Pholoe assimilis Örsted, 1845. SEM and LM studies. A, anterior end, frontal view; close-up of prostomial region. B, posterior elytron of subrectangular to rounded shape with few submarginal and long marginal unarticulated papillae. C, live specimen, dorsal view; note dorsum completely covered by elytra. D, complete specimen, dorsal view; stained with methyl green. D’, close-up of posterior region of same specimen; note long elytral papillae. E, elytral papillae. F, compound falcigerous neurochaeta from sixth chaetigers. G, close-up of blade from compound neurochaeta; note presence of up to four parallel rows of teeth on the blade. H, blade of compound neurochaeta; note presence of two parallel rows of teeth. dTC, dorsal tentacular cirrus; medA, median antenna; vTC, ventral tentacular cirrus. All SEM images A, E, G, H ZSRO-P228 Baltic Sea, Mecklenburg Bay; B, F NHMD-297276 Norway, Oslofjorden, Tollerhausen; C ZMBN 127040, Barents Sea; D, D’ ZSRO-P2495, Spitsbergen." pageId="8" pageNumber="186">Fig. 2C, D</figureCitation>
); ventral surface with evenly distributed small papillae, more abundant on the anterior half of the body. Mid-dorsum completely covered by elytra (
<figureCitation id="B6EFA3C32913FFCF2F8FFB2208D164BF" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[145,223,1530,1552]" captionTargetBox="[147,1425,197,1488]" captionTargetId="figure-66@7.[145,1425,195,1490]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Pholoe assimilis Örsted, 1845. SEM and LM studies. A, anterior end, frontal view; close-up of prostomial region. B, posterior elytron of subrectangular to rounded shape with few submarginal and long marginal unarticulated papillae. C, live specimen, dorsal view; note dorsum completely covered by elytra. D, complete specimen, dorsal view; stained with methyl green. D’, close-up of posterior region of same specimen; note long elytral papillae. E, elytral papillae. F, compound falcigerous neurochaeta from sixth chaetigers. G, close-up of blade from compound neurochaeta; note presence of up to four parallel rows of teeth on the blade. H, blade of compound neurochaeta; note presence of two parallel rows of teeth. dTC, dorsal tentacular cirrus; medA, median antenna; vTC, ventral tentacular cirrus. All SEM images A, E, G, H ZSRO-P228 Baltic Sea, Mecklenburg Bay; B, F NHMD-297276 Norway, Oslofjorden, Tollerhausen; C ZMBN 127040, Barents Sea; D, D’ ZSRO-P2495, Spitsbergen." pageId="8" pageNumber="186">Fig. 2C, D</figureCitation>
). First pair of elytra rounded, in succeeding segments reniform and clearly wider than long, in posterior segments becoming rounded again (
<figureCitation id="B6EFA3C32913FFCF2F8DFB4608F46543" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[145,223,1530,1552]" captionTargetBox="[147,1425,197,1488]" captionTargetId="figure-66@7.[145,1425,195,1490]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Pholoe assimilis Örsted, 1845. SEM and LM studies. A, anterior end, frontal view; close-up of prostomial region. B, posterior elytron of subrectangular to rounded shape with few submarginal and long marginal unarticulated papillae. C, live specimen, dorsal view; note dorsum completely covered by elytra. D, complete specimen, dorsal view; stained with methyl green. D’, close-up of posterior region of same specimen; note long elytral papillae. E, elytral papillae. F, compound falcigerous neurochaeta from sixth chaetigers. G, close-up of blade from compound neurochaeta; note presence of up to four parallel rows of teeth on the blade. H, blade of compound neurochaeta; note presence of two parallel rows of teeth. dTC, dorsal tentacular cirrus; medA, median antenna; vTC, ventral tentacular cirrus. All SEM images A, E, G, H ZSRO-P228 Baltic Sea, Mecklenburg Bay; B, F NHMD-297276 Norway, Oslofjorden, Tollerhausen; C ZMBN 127040, Barents Sea; D, D’ ZSRO-P2495, Spitsbergen." pageId="8" pageNumber="186">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
); segments without elytra with nodular lobes in the position of elytrophores; first elytron with mostly marginal and several submarginal papillae, only few papillae next to the centre, in all succeeding segments elytra with marginal and few submarginal papillae; elytral papillae cirriform to distally knobbed, without articulations (
<figureCitation id="B6EFA3C32913FFCF2C1EFA6F09FB658B" box="[334,460,1486,1510]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[145,223,1530,1552]" captionTargetBox="[147,1425,197,1488]" captionTargetId="figure-66@7.[145,1425,195,1490]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Pholoe assimilis Örsted, 1845. SEM and LM studies. A, anterior end, frontal view; close-up of prostomial region. B, posterior elytron of subrectangular to rounded shape with few submarginal and long marginal unarticulated papillae. C, live specimen, dorsal view; note dorsum completely covered by elytra. D, complete specimen, dorsal view; stained with methyl green. D’, close-up of posterior region of same specimen; note long elytral papillae. E, elytral papillae. F, compound falcigerous neurochaeta from sixth chaetigers. G, close-up of blade from compound neurochaeta; note presence of up to four parallel rows of teeth on the blade. H, blade of compound neurochaeta; note presence of two parallel rows of teeth. dTC, dorsal tentacular cirrus; medA, median antenna; vTC, ventral tentacular cirrus. All SEM images A, E, G, H ZSRO-P228 Baltic Sea, Mecklenburg Bay; B, F NHMD-297276 Norway, Oslofjorden, Tollerhausen; C ZMBN 127040, Barents Sea; D, D’ ZSRO-P2495, Spitsbergen." pageId="8" pageNumber="186">Fig. 2B, D′</figureCitation>
, E), in posterior segments longest, the latter implying a spiny appearance of the worm; elytral surface usually without pigment (
<figureCitation id="B6EFA3C32913FFCF2F8FF9B208F5662F" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[145,223,1530,1552]" captionTargetBox="[147,1425,197,1488]" captionTargetId="figure-66@7.[145,1425,195,1490]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Pholoe assimilis Örsted, 1845. SEM and LM studies. A, anterior end, frontal view; close-up of prostomial region. B, posterior elytron of subrectangular to rounded shape with few submarginal and long marginal unarticulated papillae. C, live specimen, dorsal view; note dorsum completely covered by elytra. D, complete specimen, dorsal view; stained with methyl green. D’, close-up of posterior region of same specimen; note long elytral papillae. E, elytral papillae. F, compound falcigerous neurochaeta from sixth chaetigers. G, close-up of blade from compound neurochaeta; note presence of up to four parallel rows of teeth on the blade. H, blade of compound neurochaeta; note presence of two parallel rows of teeth. dTC, dorsal tentacular cirrus; medA, median antenna; vTC, ventral tentacular cirrus. All SEM images A, E, G, H ZSRO-P228 Baltic Sea, Mecklenburg Bay; B, F NHMD-297276 Norway, Oslofjorden, Tollerhausen; C ZMBN 127040, Barents Sea; D, D’ ZSRO-P2495, Spitsbergen." pageId="8" pageNumber="186">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
), some specimens with orange or brownish cover.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E6BBF462913FFCF2DEBF9F50C676176" blockId="8.[163,780,905,1908]" lastBlockId="8.[827,1444,197,1047]" pageId="8" pageNumber="186">
Prostomium with smooth cirriform, slightly knobbed median antenna without articulations (
<figureCitation id="B6EFA3C32913FFCF2F0DF9D60A9B6610" box="[605,684,1641,1663]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[145,223,1530,1552]" captionTargetBox="[147,1425,197,1488]" captionTargetId="figure-66@7.[145,1425,195,1490]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Pholoe assimilis Örsted, 1845. SEM and LM studies. A, anterior end, frontal view; close-up of prostomial region. B, posterior elytron of subrectangular to rounded shape with few submarginal and long marginal unarticulated papillae. C, live specimen, dorsal view; note dorsum completely covered by elytra. D, complete specimen, dorsal view; stained with methyl green. D’, close-up of posterior region of same specimen; note long elytral papillae. E, elytral papillae. F, compound falcigerous neurochaeta from sixth chaetigers. G, close-up of blade from compound neurochaeta; note presence of up to four parallel rows of teeth on the blade. H, blade of compound neurochaeta; note presence of two parallel rows of teeth. dTC, dorsal tentacular cirrus; medA, median antenna; vTC, ventral tentacular cirrus. All SEM images A, E, G, H ZSRO-P228 Baltic Sea, Mecklenburg Bay; B, F NHMD-297276 Norway, Oslofjorden, Tollerhausen; C ZMBN 127040, Barents Sea; D, D’ ZSRO-P2495, Spitsbergen." pageId="8" pageNumber="186">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
); lateral antennae absent; with two pairs of closely set, black eyes, often anterior and posterior pair of eyes fused, anterior pair larger (
<figureCitation id="B6EFA3C32913FFCF2CDCF97A09CE66B4" box="[396,505,1733,1755]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[145,223,1530,1552]" captionTargetBox="[147,1425,197,1488]" captionTargetId="figure-66@7.[145,1425,195,1490]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Pholoe assimilis Örsted, 1845. SEM and LM studies. A, anterior end, frontal view; close-up of prostomial region. B, posterior elytron of subrectangular to rounded shape with few submarginal and long marginal unarticulated papillae. C, live specimen, dorsal view; note dorsum completely covered by elytra. D, complete specimen, dorsal view; stained with methyl green. D’, close-up of posterior region of same specimen; note long elytral papillae. E, elytral papillae. F, compound falcigerous neurochaeta from sixth chaetigers. G, close-up of blade from compound neurochaeta; note presence of up to four parallel rows of teeth on the blade. H, blade of compound neurochaeta; note presence of two parallel rows of teeth. dTC, dorsal tentacular cirrus; medA, median antenna; vTC, ventral tentacular cirrus. All SEM images A, E, G, H ZSRO-P228 Baltic Sea, Mecklenburg Bay; B, F NHMD-297276 Norway, Oslofjorden, Tollerhausen; C ZMBN 127040, Barents Sea; D, D’ ZSRO-P2495, Spitsbergen." pageId="8" pageNumber="186">Fig. 2C, D</figureCitation>
). Facial tubercle absent; sometimes short papillae below the median antenna and above the mouth (
<figureCitation id="B6EFA3C32913FFCF2CE1F8BD0A326779" box="[433,517,1794,1816]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[145,223,1530,1552]" captionTargetBox="[147,1425,197,1488]" captionTargetId="figure-66@7.[145,1425,195,1490]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Pholoe assimilis Örsted, 1845. SEM and LM studies. A, anterior end, frontal view; close-up of prostomial region. B, posterior elytron of subrectangular to rounded shape with few submarginal and long marginal unarticulated papillae. C, live specimen, dorsal view; note dorsum completely covered by elytra. D, complete specimen, dorsal view; stained with methyl green. D’, close-up of posterior region of same specimen; note long elytral papillae. E, elytral papillae. F, compound falcigerous neurochaeta from sixth chaetigers. G, close-up of blade from compound neurochaeta; note presence of up to four parallel rows of teeth on the blade. H, blade of compound neurochaeta; note presence of two parallel rows of teeth. dTC, dorsal tentacular cirrus; medA, median antenna; vTC, ventral tentacular cirrus. All SEM images A, E, G, H ZSRO-P228 Baltic Sea, Mecklenburg Bay; B, F NHMD-297276 Norway, Oslofjorden, Tollerhausen; C ZMBN 127040, Barents Sea; D, D’ ZSRO-P2495, Spitsbergen." pageId="8" pageNumber="186">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). Tentacular segment achaetous, with two pairs of cirriform tentacular cirri rising from a tentaculophore, dorsal pair rather smooth, ventral pair with few papillae; tentaculophore with simple papillae; dorsal tentacular cirrus only slightly longer and thicker than ventral one (
<figureCitation id="B6EFA3C32913FFCF2812FF5B0DA36097" box="[1346,1428,228,250]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[145,223,1530,1552]" captionTargetBox="[147,1425,197,1488]" captionTargetId="figure-66@7.[145,1425,195,1490]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Pholoe assimilis Örsted, 1845. SEM and LM studies. A, anterior end, frontal view; close-up of prostomial region. B, posterior elytron of subrectangular to rounded shape with few submarginal and long marginal unarticulated papillae. C, live specimen, dorsal view; note dorsum completely covered by elytra. D, complete specimen, dorsal view; stained with methyl green. D’, close-up of posterior region of same specimen; note long elytral papillae. E, elytral papillae. F, compound falcigerous neurochaeta from sixth chaetigers. G, close-up of blade from compound neurochaeta; note presence of up to four parallel rows of teeth on the blade. H, blade of compound neurochaeta; note presence of two parallel rows of teeth. dTC, dorsal tentacular cirrus; medA, median antenna; vTC, ventral tentacular cirrus. All SEM images A, E, G, H ZSRO-P228 Baltic Sea, Mecklenburg Bay; B, F NHMD-297276 Norway, Oslofjorden, Tollerhausen; C ZMBN 127040, Barents Sea; D, D’ ZSRO-P2495, Spitsbergen." pageId="8" pageNumber="186">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). Palps massive, tapering.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E6BBF462913FFCF2E03FE9E0C4563B7" blockId="8.[827,1444,197,1047]" pageId="8" pageNumber="186">
Parapodia biramous (
<figureCitation id="B6EFA3C32913FFCF291CFE9E0CBA6159" box="[1100,1165,289,311]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="17.[145,225,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[362,1207,196,1636]" captionTargetId="figure-82@17.[362,1207,196,1636]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 6. Left parapodia from the midbody region of different Pholoe spp. stained with Shirlastain A and studied with CLSM. P. assimilis (ZSRO-P 228); P. baltica, specimen with lateral antennae (ZSRO-P1816); P. baltica*, specimen without lateral antennae (ZMBN 127102, Norway); P. longa (ZMH-P 27774); scales all 100 µm." pageId="8" pageNumber="186">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
); notopodium shorter of conical shape at the end, without terminal papillae; three to five long papillae arranged in an irregular row along its anterior edge and usually three prominent papillae along its posterior edge, number of papillae along the anterior edge more variable whereas the number of three prominent papillae along the posterior edge was found to be quite invariable (
<figureCitation id="B6EFA3C32913FFCF2806FE480DA26263" box="[1366,1429,503,525]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="17.[145,225,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[362,1207,196,1636]" captionTargetId="figure-82@17.[362,1207,196,1636]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 6. Left parapodia from the midbody region of different Pholoe spp. stained with Shirlastain A and studied with CLSM. P. assimilis (ZSRO-P 228); P. baltica, specimen with lateral antennae (ZSRO-P1816); P. baltica*, specimen without lateral antennae (ZMBN 127102, Norway); P. longa (ZMH-P 27774); scales all 100 µm." pageId="8" pageNumber="186">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
); neuropodium tapering, longer than notopodium, with several short and few long simple papillae distributed over the surface, few longer terminal papillae (stylodes) only rarely present, usually absent (
<figureCitation id="B6EFA3C32913FFCF29B3FDCD0D1362E6" box="[1251,1316,626,648]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="17.[145,225,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[362,1207,196,1636]" captionTargetId="figure-82@17.[362,1207,196,1636]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 6. Left parapodia from the midbody region of different Pholoe spp. stained with Shirlastain A and studied with CLSM. P. assimilis (ZSRO-P 228); P. baltica, specimen with lateral antennae (ZSRO-P1816); P. baltica*, specimen without lateral antennae (ZMBN 127102, Norway); P. longa (ZMH-P 27774); scales all 100 µm." pageId="8" pageNumber="186">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
); cirriform ventral cirrus present on neuropodia, ventral cirrus at first chaetiger (buccal cirrus) anteriorly oriented and more robust and almost twice as long than on other chaetigers, ventral cirri otherwise laterally oriented. Both podial lobes bearing single stout aciculae; notopodium with long spinous capillaries and short stout geniculate capillaries with serrations; neurochaetae compound falcigerous heterogomph chaetae with two, sometimes three to four, rows of short teeth on the blade (
<figureCitation id="B6EFA3C32913FFCF2934FC1A0CEE63D4" box="[1124,1241,933,955]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[145,223,1530,1552]" captionTargetBox="[147,1425,197,1488]" captionTargetId="figure-66@7.[145,1425,195,1490]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Pholoe assimilis Örsted, 1845. SEM and LM studies. A, anterior end, frontal view; close-up of prostomial region. B, posterior elytron of subrectangular to rounded shape with few submarginal and long marginal unarticulated papillae. C, live specimen, dorsal view; note dorsum completely covered by elytra. D, complete specimen, dorsal view; stained with methyl green. D’, close-up of posterior region of same specimen; note long elytral papillae. E, elytral papillae. F, compound falcigerous neurochaeta from sixth chaetigers. G, close-up of blade from compound neurochaeta; note presence of up to four parallel rows of teeth on the blade. H, blade of compound neurochaeta; note presence of two parallel rows of teeth. dTC, dorsal tentacular cirrus; medA, median antenna; vTC, ventral tentacular cirrus. All SEM images A, E, G, H ZSRO-P228 Baltic Sea, Mecklenburg Bay; B, F NHMD-297276 Norway, Oslofjorden, Tollerhausen; C ZMBN 127040, Barents Sea; D, D’ ZSRO-P2495, Spitsbergen." pageId="8" pageNumber="186">Fig. 2F–H</figureCitation>
), serrations near the tip of the shaft present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E6BBF462913FFCF2E03FC5D0C596479" blockId="8.[827,1444,197,1047]" pageId="8" pageNumber="186">Pygidium with pair of long cirriform anal cirri, terminoventrally attached.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E6BBF462913FFCF2E6BFBFF0BCE64BE" blockId="8.[827,1444,1087,1232]" pageId="8" pageNumber="186">
<emphasis id="1CA063542913FFCF2E6BFBFF0BED643B" box="[827,986,1088,1109]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="186">Pigmentation:</emphasis>
All examined specimens white (without colour) in ethanol with no pigment discernible (
<figureCitation id="B6EFA3C32913FFCF2827FBE10B6B64FC" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[145,223,1530,1552]" captionTargetBox="[147,1425,197,1488]" captionTargetId="figure-66@7.[145,1425,195,1490]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Pholoe assimilis Örsted, 1845. SEM and LM studies. A, anterior end, frontal view; close-up of prostomial region. B, posterior elytron of subrectangular to rounded shape with few submarginal and long marginal unarticulated papillae. C, live specimen, dorsal view; note dorsum completely covered by elytra. D, complete specimen, dorsal view; stained with methyl green. D’, close-up of posterior region of same specimen; note long elytral papillae. E, elytral papillae. F, compound falcigerous neurochaeta from sixth chaetigers. G, close-up of blade from compound neurochaeta; note presence of up to four parallel rows of teeth on the blade. H, blade of compound neurochaeta; note presence of two parallel rows of teeth. dTC, dorsal tentacular cirrus; medA, median antenna; vTC, ventral tentacular cirrus. All SEM images A, E, G, H ZSRO-P228 Baltic Sea, Mecklenburg Bay; B, F NHMD-297276 Norway, Oslofjorden, Tollerhausen; C ZMBN 127040, Barents Sea; D, D’ ZSRO-P2495, Spitsbergen." pageId="8" pageNumber="186">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
). According to
<bibRefCitation id="4A45C2B72913FFCF2972FBC20CDF64FC" author="Petersen ME" box="[1058,1256,1149,1170]" pageId="8" pageNumber="186" pagination="1373 - 1376" refId="ref19668" refString="Petersen ME. 1998. Pholoe (Polychaeta: Pholoidae) from northern Europe: a key and notes on the nearshore species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 78: 1373-1376." type="journal article" year="1998">Petersen (1998)</bibRefCitation>
, elytra evenly pigmented brownish or blackish and pale in worms from deep water.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E6BBF462913FFCF2E6BFB460D6865E7" blockId="8.[827,1443,1273,1417]" pageId="8" pageNumber="186">
<emphasis id="1CA063542913FFCF2E6BFB460CB76560" box="[827,1152,1273,1294]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="186">Geographical distribution:</emphasis>
All along the coasts of northern European waters, also occurring in the White and Baltic Seas, in coastal waters of Spitsbergen;
<collectingCountry id="56C3FFD62913FFCF2E6BFAEA0BAE6505" box="[827,921,1365,1387]" name="Canada" pageId="8" pageNumber="186">Canada</collectingCountry>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="4A45C2B72913FFCF2E8EFAEA0CEC6504" author="Meissner K &amp; Bick A &amp; Gotting M" box="[990,1243,1365,1387]" pageId="8" pageNumber="186" pagination="237 - 262" refId="ref19391" refString="Meissner K, Bick A, Gotting M. 2017. Arctic Pholoe (Polychaeta: Pholoidae): when integrative taxonomy helps to sort out barcodes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 179: 237-262." type="journal article" year="2017">
Meissner
<emphasis id="1CA063542913FFCF2900FAEA0CB86504" box="[1104,1167,1365,1386]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="186">et al.</emphasis>
, 2017
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 9, clade I): Hudson Bay, Resolute Bay; Bering Sea (Alaska).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E6BBF462913FFCE2E6BFA0D090965E9" blockId="8.[827,1443,1457,1909]" lastBlockId="9.[145,761,197,1415]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="8" pageNumber="186">
<emphasis id="1CA063542913FFCF2E6BFA0D0B9165A9" box="[827,934,1458,1479]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="186">Remarks:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E9D4C4C52913FFCF2EE7FA0D0D3665A6" authority="Orsted, 1845" authorityName="Orsted" authorityYear="1845" box="[951,1281,1457,1481]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sigalionidae" genus="Pholoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" pageNumber="186" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="assimilis">
<emphasis id="1CA063542913FFCF2EE7FA0D0C5A65A9" box="[951,1133,1458,1479]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="186">Pholoe assimilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4A45C2B72913FFCF2922FA0E0D3665A6" author="Orsted AS" box="[1138,1281,1457,1481]" pageId="8" pageNumber="186" pagination="400 - 427" refId="ref19574" refString="Orsted AS. 1845. Fortegnelse over Dyr, samlede i Christianiafjord ved Drobak fra 21 - 24 Juli 1844. Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift Ser. 2 1: 400-427." type="journal article" year="1845">Örsted, 1845</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
was described from Drøbak,
<collectingRegion id="EC1071A42913FFCF2E84FA6E0C306589" box="[980,1031,1489,1511]" country="Norway" name="Oslo" pageId="8" pageNumber="186">Oslo</collectingRegion>
Fjord (
<collectingCountry id="56C3FFD62913FFCF2905FA6E0C876588" box="[1109,1200,1489,1510]" name="Norway" pageId="8" pageNumber="186">Norway</collectingCountry>
) in a brief description and at that time distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="E9D4C4C52913FFCF298AFA4F0D75666A" authorityName="Orsted" authorityYear="1843" box="[1242,1346,1519,1541]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sigalionidae" genus="Pholoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" pageNumber="186" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="baltica">
<emphasis id="1CA063542913FFCF298AFA4F0D75666A" box="[1242,1346,1519,1541]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="186">P. baltica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because the eyes are closer together. Also, the anal cirri were mentioned to be long (as long as eight posterior segments).
<bibRefCitation id="4A45C2B72913FFCF2E93F9F30C48660E" author="Petersen ME" box="[963,1151,1611,1633]" pageId="8" pageNumber="186" pagination="1373 - 1376" refId="ref19668" refString="Petersen ME. 1998. Pholoe (Polychaeta: Pholoidae) from northern Europe: a key and notes on the nearshore species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 78: 1373-1376." type="journal article" year="1998">Petersen (1998)</bibRefCitation>
resurrected
<taxonomicName id="E9D4C4C52913FFCF284BF9F30D94660E" authorityName="Orsted" authorityYear="1845" box="[1307,1443,1611,1633]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sigalionidae" genus="Pholoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" pageNumber="186" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="assimilis">
<emphasis id="1CA063542913FFCF284BF9F30D94660E" box="[1307,1443,1611,1633]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="186">P. assimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on comprehensive material from European waters, also including the
<typeStatus id="F16F01E42913FFCF293CF9360CA966F0" box="[1132,1182,1673,1694]" pageId="8" pageNumber="186">type</typeStatus>
locality of the species, and provided a short, illustrated description that is in good agreement with our observations (except the pigmentation that was not observed during the present study).
<bibRefCitation id="4A45C2B72913FFCF2EC4F8BB0C7A6776" author="Petersen ME" box="[916,1101,1795,1817]" pageId="8" pageNumber="186" pagination="1373 - 1376" refId="ref19668" refString="Petersen ME. 1998. Pholoe (Polychaeta: Pholoidae) from northern Europe: a key and notes on the nearshore species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 78: 1373-1376." type="journal article" year="1998">Petersen (1998)</bibRefCitation>
also listed
<taxonomicName id="E9D4C4C52913FFCF2987F8BB0BDB6756" authority="Bick &amp; Gosselck, 1985" authorityName="BICK &amp; GOSSELCK" authorityYear="1985" class="Polychaeta" family="Sigalionidae" genus="Pholoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" pageNumber="186" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="1CA063542913FFCF2987F8BB0D7F6777" box="[1239,1352,1796,1817]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="186">P. minuta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4A45C2B72913FFCF2802F8BC0BDB6756" author="Bick A &amp; Gosselck F" pageId="8" pageNumber="186" pagination="171 - 272" refId="ref18527" refString="Bick A, Gosselck F. 1985. Arbeitsschlussel zur Bestimmung der Polychaeten der Ostsee. Mitteilungen aus dem Museum fur Naturkunde in Berlin. Zoologisches Museum und Institut fur Spezielle Zoologie (Berlin) 61: 171-272." type="journal article" year="1985">
Bick &amp; Gosselck,
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in her synonymy list of
<emphasis id="1CA063542913FFCF2845F89C0D946759" box="[1301,1443,1826,1848]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="186">
<taxonomicName id="E9D4C4C52913FFCF2845F89C0DA86759" authorityName="Orsted" authorityYear="1845" box="[1301,1439,1826,1848]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sigalionidae" genus="Pholoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" pageNumber="186" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="assimilis">P. assimilis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
According to the description and illustration provided by these authors, we cannot agree with Petersen’s view in full but would assume that
<taxonomicName id="E9D4C4C52912FFCE2CBFFF790A4660B4" authorityName="Orsted" authorityYear="1845" box="[495,625,197,219]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sigalionidae" genus="Pholoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="187" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="assimilis">
<emphasis id="1CA063542912FFCE2CBFFF790A4660B4" box="[495,625,197,219]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="187">P. assimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was among the studied material of
<bibRefCitation id="4A45C2B72912FFCE2CF3FF5B0A866094" author="Bick A &amp; Gosselck F" box="[419,689,228,250]" pageId="9" pageNumber="187" pagination="171 - 272" refId="ref18527" refString="Bick A, Gosselck F. 1985. Arbeitsschlussel zur Bestimmung der Polychaeten der Ostsee. Mitteilungen aus dem Museum fur Naturkunde in Berlin. Zoologisches Museum und Institut fur Spezielle Zoologie (Berlin) 61: 171-272." type="journal article" year="1985">Bick &amp; Gosselck (1985)</bibRefCitation>
, since the occurrence of the species can be confirmed herein for central parts of the Baltic Sea.
<taxonomicName id="E9D4C4C52912FFCE2F67FE9E0ACE6158" authorityName="Orsted" authorityYear="1845" box="[567,761,289,310]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sigalionidae" genus="Pholoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="187" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="assimilis">
<emphasis id="1CA063542912FFCE2F67FE9E0ACE6158" box="[567,761,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="187">Pholoe assimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
would appear amongst the smallest of European congeners. The species is characterized by two pairs of closely set black eyes, the absence of a facial tubercle, elytra completely covering the dorsum, the presence of long marginal elytral papillae on posterior elytra, the presence of usually three prominent papillae along the posterior edge of the notopodium (seen after staining) and double (sometimes more) rows of teeth on the blade of compound neurochaetae (only observable in
<collectionCode id="48C527832912FFCE2DC1FDEB08F86207" box="[145,207,596,617]" pageId="9" pageNumber="187">SEM</collectionCode>
). There are two other species from the North Atlantic, which lack a facial tubercle but exhibit a complete elytral cover of the dorsum,
<taxonomicName id="E9D4C4C52912FFCE2FD2FD2D0ACE62C9" authorityName="BICK &amp; GOSSELCK" authorityYear="1985" box="[642,761,658,679]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sigalionidae" genus="Pholoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="187" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="1CA063542912FFCE2FD2FD2D0ACE62C9" box="[642,761,658,679]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="187">P. minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E9D4C4C52912FFCE2D96FD0F097C62AB" authorityName="Johnston" authorityYear="1839" box="[198,331,688,709]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sigalionidae" genus="Pholoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="187" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="inornata">
<emphasis id="1CA063542912FFCE2D96FD0F097C62AB" box="[198,331,688,709]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="187">P. inornata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The identity of
<taxonomicName id="E9D4C4C52912FFCE2F46FD0F0ABD62AB" authorityName="BICK &amp; GOSSELCK" authorityYear="1985" box="[534,650,688,709]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sigalionidae" genus="Pholoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="187" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="1CA063542912FFCE2F46FD0F0ABD62AB" box="[534,650,688,709]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="187">P. minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has only recently been fixed based on the study of material from the
<typeStatus id="F16F01E42912FFCE2DAFFD510905636D" box="[255,306,750,771]" pageId="9" pageNumber="187">type</typeStatus>
locality (south-western
<collectingCountry id="56C3FFD62912FFCE2F04FD520AE6636D" box="[596,721,749,771]" name="Greenland" pageId="9" pageNumber="187">Greenland</collectingCountry>
) in a combined morphological and molecular approach by
<bibRefCitation id="4A45C2B72912FFCE2DE5FC950998632E" author="Meissner K &amp; Bick A &amp; Gotting M" box="[181,431,810,832]" pageId="9" pageNumber="187" pagination="237 - 262" refId="ref19391" refString="Meissner K, Bick A, Gotting M. 2017. Arctic Pholoe (Polychaeta: Pholoidae): when integrative taxonomy helps to sort out barcodes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 179: 237-262." type="journal article" year="2017">
Meissner
<emphasis id="1CA063542912FFCE2C71FC94096B6351" box="[289,348,810,832]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="187">et al.</emphasis>
(2017)
</bibRefCitation>
. Accordingly,
<taxonomicName id="E9D4C4C52912FFCE2F04FC940AF0632E" authorityName="BICK &amp; GOSSELCK" authorityYear="1985" box="[596,711,811,832]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sigalionidae" genus="Pholoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="187" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="1CA063542912FFCE2F04FC940AF0632E" box="[596,711,811,832]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="187">P. minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has until now been recorded only in the western North Atlantic. Morphological differences are the rather strong pigmentation of
<taxonomicName id="E9D4C4C52912FFCE2CFDFC380A1763F2" authorityName="BICK &amp; GOSSELCK" authorityYear="1985" box="[429,544,903,924]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sigalionidae" genus="Pholoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="187" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="1CA063542912FFCE2CFDFC380A1763F2" box="[429,544,903,924]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="187">P. minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
opposed to a lack of pigment in
<taxonomicName id="E9D4C4C52912FFCE2C62FC19098363D4" authorityName="Orsted" authorityYear="1845" box="[306,436,933,955]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sigalionidae" genus="Pholoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="187" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="assimilis">
<emphasis id="1CA063542912FFCE2C62FC19098363D4" box="[306,436,933,955]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="187">P. assimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Moreover, short parapodial papillae are numerous along the lower edge of the neuropodium and in particular the notopodium, in both anterior and posterior view, in
<taxonomicName id="E9D4C4C52912FFCE2F7DFBBD0AAC6479" authorityName="BICK &amp; GOSSELCK" authorityYear="1985" box="[557,667,1026,1047]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sigalionidae" genus="Pholoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="187" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="1CA063542912FFCE2F7DFBBD0AAC6479" box="[557,667,1026,1047]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="187">P. minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="B6EFA3C32912FFCE2FFBFBBE0ADC6478" box="[683,747,1025,1047]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[342,1264,196,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-80@18.[341,1264,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Left parapodia from the midbody region of different Pholoe spp., stained with Shirlastain A and studied with CLSM. P. inornata (ZSRO-P 366); P. pallida, holotype (RSM Z. 1983.84.1);P. minuta (ZMH-P 27778); scales all 100 µm." pageId="9" pageNumber="187">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
), whereas short papillae are far less numerous in
<taxonomicName id="E9D4C4C52912FFCE2DC1FB800916643D" authorityName="Orsted" authorityYear="1845" box="[145,289,1086,1108]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sigalionidae" genus="Pholoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="187" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="assimilis">
<emphasis id="1CA063542912FFCE2DC1FB800916643D" box="[145,289,1086,1108]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="187">P. assimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in particular along the notopodium (
<figureCitation id="B6EFA3C32912FFCE2DCAFBE208EA641D" box="[154,221,1117,1139]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="17.[145,225,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[362,1207,196,1636]" captionTargetId="figure-82@17.[362,1207,196,1636]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 6. Left parapodia from the midbody region of different Pholoe spp. stained with Shirlastain A and studied with CLSM. P. assimilis (ZSRO-P 228); P. baltica, specimen with lateral antennae (ZSRO-P1816); P. baltica*, specimen without lateral antennae (ZMBN 127102, Norway); P. longa (ZMH-P 27774); scales all 100 µm." pageId="9" pageNumber="187">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="E9D4C4C52912FFCE2DA6FBE20982641D" authorityName="Johnston" authorityYear="1839" box="[246,437,1117,1139]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sigalionidae" genus="Pholoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="187" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="inornata">
<emphasis id="1CA063542912FFCE2DA6FBE20982641D" box="[246,437,1117,1139]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="187">Pholoe inornata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="E9D4C4C52912FFCE2DC1FBC3092064FF" authorityName="Orsted" authorityYear="1845" box="[145,279,1148,1169]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sigalionidae" genus="Pholoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="187" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="assimilis">
<emphasis id="1CA063542912FFCE2DC1FBC3092064FF" box="[145,279,1148,1169]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="187">P. assimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the single row of teeth on the blades of compound neurochaetae (
<figureCitation id="B6EFA3C32912FFCE2CB2FB250A0164C1" box="[482,566,1178,1200]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="13.[146,225,1235,1257]" captionTargetBox="[146,1423,196,1194]" captionTargetId="figure-218@13.[145,1425,195,1196]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 4. Pholoe inornata Johnston, 1839. SEM, CLSM and LM studies. A, prostomial region, dorsal view. B, same with close-up of median antenna, and tentacular cirri from left side; note spine-like papillae (indicated by arrow) on both tentacular cirri. C, anterior end of specimen fixed in 96% ethanol; note orange-coloured ceratophore of median antenna. D, complete live specimen, dorsal view, note mid-dorsal gap. E, neuropodial compound chaeta. F, same with close-up of blade dentation. G, first elytron. H, posterior elytron with long elytral papillae. I, elytral papilla from middle elytron. J, anterior end, ventral view; note fringe of papillae on ventral side below proboscis. buC, buccal cirrus; fr, fringe of papillae; medA, median antenna; P, palp; dTC and vTC, dorsal/ventral tentacular cirrus. All ZSRO-P 366, except: C, ZMBN 127124, Koster Area, Sweden; D, ZMBN 127116, Great Britain, Plymouth." pageId="9" pageNumber="187">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
) opposed to two and more rows of teeth in
<taxonomicName id="E9D4C4C52912FFCE2CE9FB050A0F64A0" authorityName="Orsted" authorityYear="1845" box="[441,568,1209,1231]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sigalionidae" genus="Pholoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="187" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="assimilis">
<emphasis id="1CA063542912FFCE2CE9FB050A0F64A0" box="[441,568,1209,1231]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="187">P. assimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="B6EFA3C32912FFCE2F17FB060A8D64A0" box="[583,698,1209,1231]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[145,223,1530,1552]" captionTargetBox="[147,1425,197,1488]" captionTargetId="figure-66@7.[145,1425,195,1490]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Pholoe assimilis Örsted, 1845. SEM and LM studies. A, anterior end, frontal view; close-up of prostomial region. B, posterior elytron of subrectangular to rounded shape with few submarginal and long marginal unarticulated papillae. C, live specimen, dorsal view; note dorsum completely covered by elytra. D, complete specimen, dorsal view; stained with methyl green. D’, close-up of posterior region of same specimen; note long elytral papillae. E, elytral papillae. F, compound falcigerous neurochaeta from sixth chaetigers. G, close-up of blade from compound neurochaeta; note presence of up to four parallel rows of teeth on the blade. H, blade of compound neurochaeta; note presence of two parallel rows of teeth. dTC, dorsal tentacular cirrus; medA, median antenna; vTC, ventral tentacular cirrus. All SEM images A, E, G, H ZSRO-P228 Baltic Sea, Mecklenburg Bay; B, F NHMD-297276 Norway, Oslofjorden, Tollerhausen; C ZMBN 127040, Barents Sea; D, D’ ZSRO-P2495, Spitsbergen." pageId="9" pageNumber="187">Fig. 2G, H</figureCitation>
). The parapodial papillae are differently distributed in the two species (
<figureCitation id="B6EFA3C32912FFCE2C77FB49095E6562" box="[295,361,1270,1292]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[342,1264,196,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-80@18.[341,1264,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Left parapodia from the midbody region of different Pholoe spp., stained with Shirlastain A and studied with CLSM. P. inornata (ZSRO-P 366); P. pallida, holotype (RSM Z. 1983.84.1);P. minuta (ZMH-P 27778); scales all 100 µm." pageId="9" pageNumber="187">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Also, up to five distinct papillae are present on the dorsal and ventral tentacular cirri (
<figureCitation id="B6EFA3C32912FFCE2DC9FA8B08DB6527" box="[153,236,1332,1354]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="13.[146,225,1235,1257]" captionTargetBox="[146,1423,196,1194]" captionTargetId="figure-218@13.[145,1425,195,1196]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 4. Pholoe inornata Johnston, 1839. SEM, CLSM and LM studies. A, prostomial region, dorsal view. B, same with close-up of median antenna, and tentacular cirri from left side; note spine-like papillae (indicated by arrow) on both tentacular cirri. C, anterior end of specimen fixed in 96% ethanol; note orange-coloured ceratophore of median antenna. D, complete live specimen, dorsal view, note mid-dorsal gap. E, neuropodial compound chaeta. F, same with close-up of blade dentation. G, first elytron. H, posterior elytron with long elytral papillae. I, elytral papilla from middle elytron. J, anterior end, ventral view; note fringe of papillae on ventral side below proboscis. buC, buccal cirrus; fr, fringe of papillae; medA, median antenna; P, palp; dTC and vTC, dorsal/ventral tentacular cirrus. All ZSRO-P 366, except: C, ZMBN 127124, Koster Area, Sweden; D, ZMBN 127116, Great Britain, Plymouth." pageId="9" pageNumber="187">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
), the latter being a character unambiguously identifying
<taxonomicName id="E9D4C4C52912FFCE2C43FAEC09B86506" authorityName="Johnston" authorityYear="1839" box="[275,399,1363,1384]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sigalionidae" genus="Pholoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="187" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="inornata">
<emphasis id="1CA063542912FFCE2C43FAEC09B86506" box="[275,399,1363,1384]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="187">P. inornata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
among all
<taxonomicName id="E9D4C4C52912FFCE2F5AFAED0A626509" authorityName="JOHNSTON" authorityYear="1839" box="[522,597,1362,1383]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sigalionidae" genus="Pholoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" pageNumber="187" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1CA063542912FFCE2F5AFAED0A626509" box="[522,597,1362,1383]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="187">Pholoe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the eastern North Atlantic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<paragraph id="2E6BBF46291EFFC22EFFFE0B0D3D61A2" blockId="5.[943,1290,435,460]" box="[943,1290,435,460]" pageId="5" pageNumber="183">
<heading id="7523082A291EFFC22EFFFE0B0D3D61A2" box="[943,1290,435,460]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="183" reason="2">
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<treatmentCitation id="AF759957291EFFC22EFFFE0B0D3D61A2" author="Johnston G" box="[943,1290,435,460]" page="437" pageId="5" pageNumber="183" year="1839">
<taxonomicName id="E9D4C4C5291EFFC22EFFFE0B0D3D61A2" ID-CoL="84S47" authority="JOHNSTON, 1839: 437" authorityName="JOHNSTON" authorityPageNumber="437" authorityYear="1839" box="[943,1290,435,460]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sigalionidae" genus="Pholoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="183" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<smallCapsWord id="288D299A291EFFC22EFFFE0B0C3A61A5" baselines="453,454" box="[943,1037,436,459]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Pholoe" pageId="5" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis id="1CA06354291EFFC22EFFFE0B0C3A61A5" box="[943,1037,436,459]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="183">PHOLOE</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="4A45C2B7291EFFC22944FE0C0D3D61A2" author="Johnston G" box="[1044,1290,435,460]" pageId="5" pageNumber="183" pagination="424 - 441" refId="ref19050" refString="Johnston G. 1839. Miscellanea zoologica. VI. The British Aphroditaceae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 2: 424-441." type="journal article" year="1839">
<smallCapsWord id="288D299A291EFFC22944FE0C0CB961A5" baselines="454,454" box="[1044,1166,435,460]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Johnston" pageId="5" pageNumber="183">JOHNSTON</smallCapsWord>
, 1839: 437
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</heading>
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<paragraph id="2E6BBF46291EFFC22E79FE480BE36206" blockId="5.[809,1426,502,616]" pageId="5" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis id="1CA06354291EFFC22E79FE480BFF6262" box="[809,968,503,524]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="183">
<typeStatus id="F16F01E4291EFFC22E79FE480B566262" box="[809,865,503,524]" pageId="5" pageNumber="183">Type</typeStatus>
species:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E9D4C4C5291EFFC22E86FE490D546262" authority="Johnston, 1839" authorityName="Johnston" authorityYear="1839" box="[982,1379,502,524]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sigalionidae" genus="Pholoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" pageNumber="183" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="inornata">
<emphasis id="1CA06354291EFFC22E86FE490CAB6262" box="[982,1180,502,524]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="183">Pholoe inornata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4A45C2B7291EFFC229F7FE490D546262" author="Johnston G" box="[1191,1379,502,524]" pageId="5" pageNumber="183" pagination="424 - 441" refId="ref19050" refString="Johnston G. 1839. Miscellanea zoologica. VI. The British Aphroditaceae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 2: 424-441." type="journal article" year="1839">Johnston, 1839</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by monotypy;
<bibRefCitation id="4A45C2B7291EFFC22EF5FDAA0C556245" author="Wolf PS" box="[933,1122,533,555]" pageId="5" pageNumber="183" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref20037" refString="Wolf PS. 1984. 25. Family Sigalionidae Malmgren, 1867. In: Uebelacker JM, Johnson PG, eds. Taxonomic guide to the polychaetes of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Final Report to the Minerals Management Service, contract 14 - 12 - 001 - 29091, Vol. 3. Mobile: Barry A. Vittor &amp; Associates Inc, 1-39." type="book chapter" year="1984">Wolf, 1984: 25-4</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4A45C2B7291EFFC22920FDAA0D096244" author="Pettibone MH" box="[1136,1342,533,555]" pageId="5" pageNumber="183" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref19708" refString="Pettibone MH. 1992. Contribution to the polychaete family Pholoidae Kinberg. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 532: 1-24." type="journal article" year="1992">Pettibone, 1992: 4</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4A45C2B7291EFFC22819FDAA0BAF6227" author="Blake JA" pageId="5" pageNumber="183" pagination="175 - 188" refId="ref18568" refString="Blake JA. 1995. 5. Family Pholoidae Kinberg, 1858. In: Blake JA, Hilbig B, Scott PH, eds. Taxonomic atlas of the benthic fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and western Santa Barbara Channel. 5. The Annelida part 2. Polychaeta: Phyllodocida (Syllidae and scale-bearing families), Amphinomida, and Eunicida. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, 175-188." type="book chapter" year="1995">Blake, 1995: 178</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4A45C2B7291EFFC22EF4FD8B0CE96227" author="Barnich R &amp; Fiege D" box="[932,1246,564,586]" pageId="5" pageNumber="183" pagination="1 - 167" refId="ref18462" refString="Barnich R, Fiege D. 2003. The Aphroditioidea (Annelida: Polychaeta) of the Mediterranean Sea. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 559: 1-167." type="journal article" year="2003">Barnich &amp; Fiege, 2003: 107</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4A45C2B7291EFFC229BAFD8B0BE76206" author="Meissner K &amp; Bick A &amp; Gotting M" pageId="5" pageNumber="183" pagination="237 - 262" refId="ref19391" refString="Meissner K, Bick A, Gotting M. 2017. Arctic Pholoe (Polychaeta: Pholoidae): when integrative taxonomy helps to sort out barcodes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 179: 237-262." type="journal article" year="2017">
Meissner
<emphasis id="1CA06354291EFFC22802FD8A0DBC6227" box="[1362,1419,564,586]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="183">et al.</emphasis>
, 2017: 240–241
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E6BBF46291EFFC22E79FD2D0DB66480" blockId="5.[809,1426,657,1262]" pageId="5" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis id="1CA06354291EFFC22E79FD2D0DA762C8" box="[809,1424,657,679]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="183">
Diagnosis (according to
<bibRefCitation id="4A45C2B7291EFFC22921FD2D0DB562C8" author="Meissner K &amp; Bick A &amp; Gotting M" box="[1137,1410,657,679]" pageId="5" pageNumber="183" pagination="237 - 262" refId="ref19391" refString="Meissner K, Bick A, Gotting M. 2017. Arctic Pholoe (Polychaeta: Pholoidae): when integrative taxonomy helps to sort out barcodes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 179: 237-262." type="journal article" year="2017">Meissner et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
):
</emphasis>
Prostomium fused to the first segment and withdrawn into anterior segments; anteriorly deeply incised, with median antenna on ceratophore in this incision; lateral antennae present or absent. Inarticulate ventral palps present. Papilliform or antenna-like facial tubercle present or absent. Eyes present, sometimes fused or absent. Pharynx with two pairs of jaws and nine dorsal and nine ventral marginal papillae. Nuchal organ unknown. First segment with two pairs of tentacular cirri rising from tentaculophore; achaetous. Elytra paired, present on segments 2 (chaetiger 1), 4 (3), 5 (4), 7 (6) and continuing on alternate segments to 23 (22), thereafter on every segment. Cirriform dorsal cirri absent. Ventral cirri present. Parapodia biramous, both rami with conical acicular lobes. Simple, slender capillaries, distally spinose notochaetae of
<specimenCount id="38D274CF291EFFC229FEFBC30D1064FF" box="[1198,1319,1148,1169]" count="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="183" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
: shorter, strongly bent (geniculate) and longer, slightly curved or straight; compound unidentate and falcate neurochaetae. Pygidium with pair of anal cirri; anus usually terminal.
</paragraph>
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