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T.
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<emphasis id="B957B43C9A58FC28214B0531FB8DFAAA" bold="true" box="[1035,1129,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(Tityus)</emphasis>
charalaensis
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(i) coloration, and in particular that of the metasoma (yellowish in
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and reddish in
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T.
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Tityus
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achilles
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)
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(ii) lateroventral carinae of metasomal segment II occupying its distal two-thirds (distal fifh in
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T.
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Tityus
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achilles
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
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(iii) lower pectinal tooth count with
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female
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(
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females in
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<emphasis id="B957B43C9A58FC2821DA0632FAB7F9AA" box="[1178,1363,1586,1610]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
T.
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Tityus
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achilles
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</taxonomicName>
(
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= 12, mode = 16) and
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female
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)
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(iv) 14 rows of denticles on movable chela finger (
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<emphasis id="B957B43C9A58FC2820E00670FBCBF948" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
T.
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Tityus
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achilles
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)
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(v) dorsolateral carinae of metasomal segments II–IV with spinoid posterior granules (absent on II, tubercular on III and spinoid on IV in
<taxonomicName id="4C2313AD9A58FC28219D06EEFA71F8E6" authorityName="Laborieux" authorityYear="2024" box="[1245,1429,1774,1798]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Tityus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achilles" subGenus="Tityus">
<emphasis id="B957B43C9A58FC28219D06EEFA71F8E6" box="[1245,1429,1774,1798]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
T.
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Tityus
<emphasis id="B957B43C9A58FC28207F06EFFAAEF8E6" bold="true" box="[1343,1354,1774,1798]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">)</emphasis>
achilles
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).
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<emphasis id="B957B43C9A58FC28266A0747FBA9F8BE" box="[810,1101,1862,1886]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Ecology and
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locality.
</emphasis>
The
<typeStatus id="5498D68C9A58FC2821DA0746FB2DF8BF" box="[1178,1225,1863,1887]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
locality, located in
<collectingRegion id="49E7A6CC9A58FC28266A0767FC2EF89E" box="[810,970,1894,1918]" country="Colombia" name="Cundinamarca" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cundinamarca</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33428BE9A58FC2826990767FBA2F89E" box="[985,1094,1894,1918]" name="Colombia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, is part of the
<collectingRegion id="49E7A6CC9A58FC2821B60767FA8FF89E" box="[1270,1387,1894,1918]" country="Colombia" name="Magdalena" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Magdalena</collectingRegion>
valley montane forest ecoregion. All specimens were collected on a patch of medium-altitude broadleaf rainforest,
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a.s.l., with a mean annual precipitation of approximately
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and mean annual temperature of 21.3 °C. The new species occurs in sympatry with
<taxonomicName id="4C2313AD9A57FC2724DE075AFF53F872" authority="Laborieux, 2024" authorityName="Laborieux" authorityYear="2024" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Tityus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icarus" subGenus="Atreus">
<emphasis id="B957B43C9A57FC2724DE075AFD6DF892" box="[414,649,1883,1906]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tityus (Atreus) icarus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB215DF9A57FC2727D5075BFF53F872" author="Laborieux L" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref10752" refString="Laborieux L. A new species of Tityus Koch, 1836 (Scorpiones: Buthidae), from the Cordillera Oriental (Colombia). Faunitaxys 2024; 12: 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="2024">Laborieux, 2024</bibRefCitation>
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, but with clear differences in microhabitat preferences. While the latter species is strictly arboreal, usually found hanging vertically on tree trunks, specimens of
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<emphasis id="B957B43C9A57FC27200C071DFC67F8B3" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
T.
<emphasis id="B957B43C9A57FC27202A071AFA91F8D3" bold="true" box="[1386,1397,1819,1843]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">(</emphasis>
Tityus
<emphasis id="B957B43C9A57FC2720F7071AFA26F8D3" bold="true" box="[1463,1474,1819,1843]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">)</emphasis>
achilles
</emphasis>
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were collected on the forest floor exclusively, with no observed arboreal tendencies. Adult specimens were exceedingly rare, suggesting ontological variation in microhabitat preferences.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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(
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(i) smaller overall size with the male
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in
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achilles
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(ii) pronounced longitudinal keel on tergites (only slight in
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(iii) lower pectinal tooth count with 16–
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male
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(iv) 17 oblique rows of denticles on movable chela finger (
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(v) longer pedipalps in male (pedipalp length/total length ratio
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T. (
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(vi) broader patella in males with length/width ratio 3.38 (
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(vii) broader chela in males with length/width ratio 5.27 (
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)
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(viii) shorter metasoma in males with metasoma length/ total length ratio 0.57 (
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achilles
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male
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)
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(ix) spinoid posterior granules on segments I–IV (only on IV in
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<emphasis id="B957B43C9A58FC28268804DBFB64FB11" box="[968,1152,1241,1265]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
T.
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Tityus
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achilles
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)
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<paragraph id="8B9C682E9A58FC28260504F8FAC3FAF0" blockId="7.[837,1459,990,1297]" box="[837,1319,1272,1297]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
(x) other morphometric values, see
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<mods:identifier id="AC7D2C3F381CF9AEAA89BFF09927A015" type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae161</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BAD071891E94CF49B97209E87D06472A" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<subSubSection id="C3393BA59A5AFC2A26FF01BEFAFBFE39" box="[959,1311,446,473]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9C682E9A5AFC2A26FF01BEFAFBFE39" blockId="5.[810,1461,446,1011]" box="[959,1311,446,473]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B957B43C9A5AFC2A26FF01BEFAFBFE39" bold="true" box="[959,1311,446,473]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C2313AD9A5AFC2A26FF01BEFB27FE39" authorityName="Laborieux" authorityYear="2024" box="[959,1219,446,473]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Tityus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achilles" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Tityus">
<emphasis id="B957B43C9A5AFC2A26FF01BEFBE2FE39" bold="true" box="[959,1030,447,473]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tityus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B957B43C9A5AFC2A215701BEFBBAFE39" bold="true" box="[1047,1118,447,473]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tityus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B957B43C9A5AFC2A212F01BFFB27FE39" bold="true" box="[1135,1219,446,473]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">achilles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26409479A5AFC2A218801BEFAFBFE39" box="[1224,1311,447,473]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3393BA59A5AFC2A266A01E4FBBCFDFC" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9C682E9A5AFC2A266A01E4FBBCFDFC" blockId="5.[810,1461,446,1011]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B957B43C9A5AFC2A266A01E4FC3AFE1D" box="[810,990,485,509]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ZooBank LSID:</emphasis>
<uri id="FFB2642C9A5AFC2A26B801E4FBBCFDFC" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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</uri>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3393BA59A5AFC2A266A0225FB36FC13" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9C682E9A5AFC2A266A0225FAE3FD59" blockId="5.[810,1461,446,1011]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<materialsCitation id="3B4B62739A5AFC2A266A0225FAE3FD59" collectingDate="2023-12-20" collectionCode="JCM" country="Colombia" county="La Vega" elevation="1350" latitude="4.955239" location="Museo de Historia Natural" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-74.37929" municipality="Estacion Experimental" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Cundinamarca" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B957B43C9A5AFC2A266A0225FC6EFDDC" box="[810,906,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<typeStatus id="5498D68C9A5AFC2A266A0225FC61FDDC" box="[810,901,548,572]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
adult
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,
<collectingCountry id="F33428BE9A5AFC2A26AD0225FBB2FDDC" box="[1005,1110,548,572]" name="Colombia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Colombia</collectingCountry>
,
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,
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<collectingCounty id="62FD10A29A5AFC2A20400225FAB6FDDC" box="[1280,1362,548,572]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">La Vega</collectingCounty>
</collectorName>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF8F2549A5AFC2A201B0225FC50FDBB" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Estación Experimental</collectingMunicipality>
<collectionCode id="ED32F0EB9A5AFC2A26810242FC17FDBB" box="[961,1011,579,603]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/iyky-md37" name="Japan Collection of Microorganisms" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">JCM</collectionCode>
(
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, -
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),
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<quantity id="4CDBC5CB9A5AFC2A201E0242FA57FDBB" box="[1374,1459,579,603]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="1350.0">1350 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
,
<date id="FF9D4EEE9A5AFC2A26280262FBA6FD9B" box="[872,1090,611,635]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2023-12-20">
<collectingDate id="EFD9B7069A5AFC2A26280262FBA6FD9B" box="[872,1090,611,635]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2023-12-20">December 20, 2023</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26D60DF89A5AFC2A21120262FB16FD9B" box="[1106,1266,611,635]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Léo Laborieux</collectorName>
, deposited at the
<collectorName id="26D60DF89A5AFC2A266A0283FB05FD7A" box="[810,1249,642,666]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<location id="8EFC3EF59A5AFC2A266A0283FBDBFD7A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AD9389A5AFC2826FF01BEFE49F9C5:8EFC3EF59A5AFC2A266A0283FBDBFD7A" box="[810,1087,642,666]" country="Colombia" county="La Vega" latitude="4.955239" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-74.37929" municipality="Estacion Experimental" name="Museo de Historia Natural" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" stateProvince="Cundinamarca">Museo de Historia Natural</location>
C.J. Marinkelle
</collectorName>
(Universidad de los Andes).
<collectorName id="26D60DF89A5AFC2A26C002A0FC0CFD59" box="[896,1000,673,697]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Catalogue</collectorName>
number: ANDES-IN-8788.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C682E9A5AFC2A260502C0FA9DFC95" blockId="5.[810,1461,446,1011]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<materialsCitation id="3B4B62739A5AFC2A260502C0FA91FC95" collectingDate="2023-12-20" collectionCode="JCM" country="Colombia" county="La Vega" elevation="1350" latitude="4.955239" location="Museo de Historia Natural" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-74.37929" municipality="Estacion Experimental" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Cundinamarca" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B957B43C9A5AFC2A260502C0FC48FD38" box="[837,940,705,728]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<typeStatus id="5498D68C9A5AFC2A260502C0FC43FD38" box="[837,935,705,728]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D25A3A79A5AFC2A268102C0FBDEFD39" box="[961,1082,705,729]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="subadult">1 subadult</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="9D25A3A79A5AFC2A210E02C5FB8CFD38" box="[1102,1128,708,728]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
+
<specimenCount id="9D25A3A79A5AFC2A21C702C0FAE4FD39" box="[1159,1280,705,729]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="subadult">1 subadult</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="9D25A3A79A5AFC2A205402C5FACAFD38" box="[1300,1326,708,728]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33428BE9A5AFC2A200802C0FA55FD39" box="[1352,1457,705,729]" name="Colombia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Colombia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49E7A6CC9A5AFC2A266A02E1FC20FD18" box="[810,964,736,760]" country="Colombia" name="Cundinamarca" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cundinamarca</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName id="26D60DF89A5AFC2A26A202E1FBAEFD18" box="[994,1098,736,760]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<collectingCounty id="62FD10A29A5AFC2A26A202E1FBAEFD18" box="[994,1098,736,760]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">La Vega</collectingCounty>
</collectorName>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF8F2549A5AFC2A212902E1FA82FD18" box="[1129,1382,736,760]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Estación Experimental</collectingMunicipality>
<collectionCode id="ED32F0EB9A5AFC2A20C102E1FA57FD18" box="[1409,1459,736,760]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/iyky-md37" name="Japan Collection of Microorganisms" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">JCM</collectionCode>
(
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, -
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),
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<quantity id="4CDBC5CB9A5AFC2A21C302FEFB33FCF7" box="[1155,1239,767,791]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="1350.0">1350 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
,
<date id="FF9D4EEE9A5AFC2A205E02FEFC84FCD7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2023-12-20">
<collectingDate id="EFD9B7069A5AFC2A205E02FEFC84FCD7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2023-12-20">December 20, 2023</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26D60DF89A5AFC2A2631031EFBF7FCD7" box="[881,1043,799,823]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Léo Laborieux</collectorName>
, deposited at the
<collectorName id="26D60DF89A5AFC2A21A5031EFBFDFCB6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<location id="8EFC3EF59A5AFC2A21A5031EFC93FCB6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AD9389A5AFC2826FF01BEFE49F9C5:8EFC3EF59A5AFC2A21A5031EFC93FCB6" country="Colombia" county="La Vega" latitude="4.955239" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-74.37929" municipality="Estacion Experimental" name="Museo de Historia Natural" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" stateProvince="Cundinamarca">Museo de Historia Natural</location>
C.J. Marinkelle
</collectorName>
(Universidad de los Andes).
<collectorName id="26D60DF89A5AFC2A200A033FFA56FCB6" box="[1354,1458,830,854]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Catalogue</collectorName>
numbers: ANDES-IN-8789 (
<specimenCount id="9D25A3A79A5AFC2A21170361FB95FC94" box="[1111,1137,864,884]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
): ANDES-IN-8790 (
<specimenCount id="9D25A3A79A5AFC2A200F0361FA8DFC94" box="[1359,1385,864,884]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C682E9A5AFC2A2605037CFB36FC13" blockId="5.[810,1461,446,1011]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B957B43C9A5AFC2A2605037CFB03FC74" box="[837,1255,893,917]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Non-type specimens (fom the trial group):</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B4B62739A5AFC2A21AE037DFB2AFC13" collectingDate="2023-12-20" collectionCode="JCM" collectorName="La Vega" country="Colombia" elevation="1350" latitude="4.955239" location="Cundinamarca" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-74.37929" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cundinamarca">
<specimenCount id="9D25A3A79A5AFC2A21AE037DFAFFFC74" box="[1262,1307,892,916]" count="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="female">5 ♀</specimenCount>
+
<specimenCount id="9D25A3A79A5AFC2A2079037CFA82FC74" box="[1337,1382,893,917]" count="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
, immature individuals,
<collectingCountry id="F33428BE9A5AFC2A269C039DFBA1FC54" box="[988,1093,924,948]" name="Colombia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Colombia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49E7A6CC9A5AFC2A2111039DFB0FFC54" box="[1105,1259,924,948]" country="Colombia" name="Cundinamarca" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cundinamarca</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName id="26D60DF89A5AFC2A21B8039DFAAAFC54" box="[1272,1358,924,948]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">La Vega</collectorName>
, Estación Experimental
<collectionCode id="ED32F0EB9A5AFC2A268103BAFC17FC33" box="[961,1011,955,979]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/iyky-md37" name="Japan Collection of Microorganisms" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">JCM</collectionCode>
(
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, -
<geoCoordinate id="EE170EE99A5AFC2A21E503BAFAA1FC33" box="[1189,1349,955,979]" degrees="74.379291" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="1" value="-74.37929">74.379291° W</geoCoordinate>
),
<elevation id="000E8F1D9A5AFC2A201E03BAFCB3FC13" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="1350.0">
<quantity id="4CDBC5CB9A5AFC2A201E03BAFA57FC33" box="[1374,1459,955,979]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="1350.0">1350 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
,
<date id="FF9D4EEE9A5AFC2A262103DAFBC8FC13" box="[865,1068,987,1011]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2023-12-20">
<collectingDate id="EFD9B7069A5AFC2A262103DAFBC8FC13" box="[865,1068,987,1011]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2023-12-20">December 20, 2023</collectingDate>
</date>
, Léo Laborieux
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3393BA59A5AFC2A266A0415FB3FFBAB" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B9C682E9A5AFC2A266A0415FB3FFBAB" blockId="5.[810,1459,1044,1099]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B957B43C9A5AFC2A266A0415FC7DFBCC" box="[810,921,1044,1068]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Etymology:</emphasis>
Te specific epithet refers to Greek mythology’s Achilles, for his prowess as a spear wielder.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3393BA59A5AFC292100046DFE3AF9B6" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9C682E9A5AFC2A2100046DFB79FB65" blockId="5.[810,1459,1132,1288]" box="[1088,1181,1132,1157]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B957B43C9A5AFC2A2100046DFB79FB65" box="[1088,1181,1132,1157]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C682E9A5AFC29266A0490FE3AF9B6" blockId="5.[810,1459,1132,1288]" lastBlockId="6.[129,778,1159,1622]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Scorpion of moderately large size for the subgenus, with a total size of
<quantity id="4CDBC5CB9A5AFC2A26E904B0FBE1FB28" box="[937,1029,1201,1225]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.64" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="66.4">66.4 mm</quantity>
for the adult male
<typeStatus id="5498D68C9A5AFC2A218B04B0FACDFB29" box="[1227,1321,1201,1225]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. General coloration dark red; carapace with median ocular tubercle and anterior margin black. Axial carina on mesosomal segments I–VII subtle with feeble granulation. Paraxial carinae vestigial in mesosoma. Intercarinal spaces moderately granular on I–VI, and strongly granulated on VII. Pectines with 16–18 teeth in males (
<quantity id="4CDBC5CB9A59FC29258C04E4FEC9FB1D" box="[204,301,1253,1277]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.318" metricValueMax="4.572" metricValueMin="4.064" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="17.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="16.0">16–18 in</quantity>
male
<typeStatus id="5498D68C9A59FC29242F04E4FE34FB1D" box="[367,464,1253,1277]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
),
<quantity id="4CDBC5CB9A59FC2924A404E4FDA6FB1D" box="[484,578,1253,1277]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.064" metricValueMax="4.318" metricValueMin="3.81" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="16.0" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="15.0">15–17 in</quantity>
females (
<quantity id="4CDBC5CB9A59FC2927E804E4FCEDFB1D" box="[680,777,1253,1277]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.937" metricValueMax="4.064" metricValueMin="3.81" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="15.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="15.0">15–16 in</quantity>
female
<typeStatus id="5498D68C9A59FC29258C0505FECFFAFC" box="[204,299,1284,1308]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
). Basal middle lamellae dilated. Basal pectinal piece without a glandular region. All metasomal carinae feebly raised and subcrenulate. Metasomal segment II with 2 vestigial lateral carinae occupying its distal fifh. Metasomal segment IV with 1 prominent spinoid posterior granule on dorsal carina, and 1–2 smaller ones on dorsolateral carina. Aculeus curvature low. Chela fingers black with yellow tips. Inner face of movable finger with 15 oblique rows of denticles. Tis species can also be distinguished by particularly low UV-induced fluorescence in live specimens. Telotarsi of leg pairs I–IV with two discrete ventro-submedian rows of setae (type II).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF5C38A69A5AFC2A25310799FE2CF82C" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[113,178,1944,1968]" targetBox="[149,1422,1348,1915]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B9C682E9A5AFC2A25310799FE2CF82C" blockId="5.[113,1377,1944,1996]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B957B43C9A5AFC2A25310799FF2DF850" bold="true" box="[113,201,1944,1968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Venom pulse trajectories for flicks and sprays as calculated from Equation (1) (two vertical venom pulses not represented for readability). Adult scorpion to scale.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5C38A69A59FC2925C003F2FED6FBBF" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[128,193,1011,1035]" targetBox="[149,757,144,978]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B9C682E9A59FC2925C003F2FED6FBBF" blockId="6.[128,750,1011,1119]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B957B43C9A59FC2925C003F2FF3CFBEB" bold="true" box="[128,216,1011,1035]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Expelled volume estimates for venom flicks and venom sprays. Data ploted as log
<subScript id="17A76A6B9A59FC292434041EFE66FBCD" attach="left" box="[372,386,1055,1069]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">10</subScript>
-transformed to facilitate visualization. Asterisk indicates statistical significance (test conducted on nontransformed data).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3393BA59A59FC2825C10676FE49F9C5" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9C682E9A59FC2925C10676FE70F94E" blockId="6.[129,777,1655,1711]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B957B43C9A59FC2925C10676FF13F96E" box="[129,247,1655,1678]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Description:</emphasis>
Based on the adult male
<typeStatus id="5498D68C9A59FC2927420676FDBAF96F" box="[514,606,1655,1679]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and subadult female
<typeStatus id="5498D68C9A59FC2925F70696FEF4F94F" box="[183,272,1687,1711]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="131874AB9A59FC2924600697FE60F94E" box="[288,388,1686,1710]" captionStart-0="Figure 6" captionStart-1="Figure 7" captionStart-2="Figure 8" captionStart-3="Figure 9" captionStart-4="Figure 10" captionStartId-0="8.[129,194,1719,1743]" captionStartId-1="9.[113,178,1782,1806]" captionStartId-2="10.[129,194,1695,1719]" captionStartId-3="11.[114,179,1036,1060]" captionStartId-4="12.[129,194,1094,1118]" captionTargetBox-0="[240,1361,149,1676]" captionTargetBox-1="[146,1426,144,1744]" captionTargetBox-2="[161,1441,144,1657]" captionTargetBox-3="[146,1426,144,998]" captionTargetBox-4="[149,757,144,1056]" captionTargetId-0="figure-89@8.[236,1366,144,1681]" captionTargetId-1="figure-4@9.[146,1426,144,1744]" captionTargetId-2="figure-96@10.[161,1441,144,1657]" captionTargetId-3="figure-536@11.[146,1426,144,998]" captionTargetId-4="figure-351@12.[149,757,144,1056]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionTargetPageId-3="11" captionTargetPageId-4="12" captionText-0="Figure 6. Tityus (Tityus) achilles, habitus. A–B, adult ♂ holotype.A, Dorsal. B, Ventral.C–D: subadult ♀ paratype.C, Ventral.D, Dorsal. Scale bar = 1 cm." captionText-1="Figure 7. Tityus (Tityus) achilles, metasoma.A–B, Metasoma, ventral and lateral aspect, ♂ holotype. C–D, Metasoma, ventral and lateral aspect, ♀ paratype. E–F, Telson, lateral and ventral aspect, ♂ holotype. G–H, Telson, lateral and ventral aspect, ♀ paratype. Scale bars = 5 mm (A–D) and 2 mm (E–H)." captionText-2="Figure 8. Tityus (Tityus) achilles, pedipalps. A, ♂ holotype. B, ♀ paratype. C–D, Patella, lateral and dorsal aspect, ♂ holotype. E–F, Patella, lateral and dorsal aspect, ♀ paratype.G–H, Femur, dorsal aspect. G, ♂ holotype. H, ♀ paratype.Circles mark the insertion points of the trichobothria.Scale bars = 2 mm." captionText-3="Figure 9. Tityus (Tityus) achilles, chelae. A–C, Dorsal, lateral, ventral aspects, ♂ holotype. D–F, Dorsal, lateral, ventral aspects, ♀ paratype. Circles mark the insertion points of the trichobothria. Scale bars = 5 mm." captionText-4="Figure 10. Tityus (Tityus) achilles, carapace.A, ♂ holotype.B, ♀ paratype. Scale bar = 2 mm." pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 6–10</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C682E9A59FC2925C106CEFBF4FEC5" blockId="6.[129,778,1743,1987]" lastBlockId="6.[825,1474,144,293]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B957B43C9A59FC2925C106CEFF14F907" box="[129,240,1743,1767]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Coloration:</emphasis>
Overall dark and reddish. Prosoma: anterior margin of carapace and carinae around the ocular median tubercle black. Intercarinal spaces dark with a red sheen.Mesosoma: darker than carapace, with two lighter paraxial lines. Metasomal segments progressively darkening from I to V, from the same dark reddish hue to black. Dorsal side of metasoma segments lighter than ventral sides. Telson lighter than V. Venter and pectines yellowish, lighter than the rest of the body. Pedipalps: uniformly reddish with the exception of black fingers.
<collectingRegion id="49E7A6CC9A59FC2921F00091FB3AFF48" box="[1200,1246,144,168]" country="Algeria" name="Tipaza" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tips</collectingRegion>
of fixed and movable fingers yellow. Chelicerae black with deep red teeth. Litle ontogenic change in coloration. Interestingly, this species shows only a low level of UV-induced fluorescence (
<figureCitation id="131874AB9A59FC29219C00EFFAC7FEE6" box="[1244,1315,238,262]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1926,1950]" captionTargetBox="[321,1281,1258,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-371@12.[321,1281,1258,1898]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 11. Comparison of UV fluorescence between the male holotype of T.(Tityus) achilles (lef) and a female belonging to T. (Atreus) icarus (right).Te specimens were photographed under homogeneous UV lighting, and had received equivalent total UV exposure since collection." pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
), making night searches challenging.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C682E9A59FC2921030144FB5DFEBF" blockId="6.[825,1476,325,1985]" box="[1091,1209,325,351]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B957B43C9A59FC2921030144FB5DFEBF" box="[1091,1209,325,351]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Morphology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C682E9A59FC292679016AFA77FC98" blockId="6.[825,1476,325,1985]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Carapace moderately to strongly granular, with the anterior margin presenting a marked median concavity. Furrows deep. Median ocular tubercle in a distinctly anterior position, with eyes separated by 1 ocular diameter and strong crenulate median ocular carinae becoming subcrenulate over the eyes. 3 pairs of lateral eyes, half the diameter of the median eyes. Sternum narrow, subtriangular. Mesosoma: 1 central longitudinal carina in all tergites with feeble granulation; in I–VI represented by one row of granules in the posterior quarter and two rows of granules more anteriorly. 2 vestigial paraxial carinae on tergites I–IV. Tergite VII pentacarinate, with central longitudinal carina in anterior half. Lateral and paramedian carinae in VII joined proximally by a series of vertically organized and raised granules. Transversal carinae strong and distinct on tergites II–V, partially fused to posterior margin on tergite I. Intercarinal spaces moderately granular on I–VI, and strongly granular on VII. Venter with genital operculum split longitudinally; valves subtriangular.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C682E9A59FC2826150381FD50FAD0" blockId="6.[825,1476,325,1985]" lastBlockId="7.[113,763,990,1328]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Pectines: pectinal tooth count
<quantity id="4CDBC5CB9A59FC2921F50381FAFEFC78" box="[1205,1306,896,920]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.318" metricValueMax="4.572" metricValueMin="4.064" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="17.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="16.0">16–18 in</quantity>
males (
<emphasis id="B957B43C9A59FC2920C00380FA77FC78" box="[1408,1427,897,920]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">N</emphasis>
= 8, mode = 18;
<quantity id="4CDBC5CB9A59FC2926FD039EFBF9FC57" box="[957,1053,927,951]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.318" metricValueMax="4.572" metricValueMin="4.064" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="17.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="16.0">16–18 in</quantity>
male
<typeStatus id="5498D68C9A59FC292123039EFB20FC57" box="[1123,1220,927,951]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
), and
<quantity id="4CDBC5CB9A59FC29204A039EFA8EFC57" box="[1290,1386,927,951]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.064" metricValueMax="4.318" metricValueMin="3.81" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="16.0" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="15.0">15–17 in</quantity>
females (
<emphasis id="B957B43C9A59FC29260403BEFCB3FC36" box="[836,855,959,982]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">N</emphasis>
= 12, mode = 16;
<quantity id="4CDBC5CB9A59FC29215C03BFFB9DFC37" box="[1052,1145,958,983]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.937" metricValueMax="4.064" metricValueMin="3.81" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="15.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="15.0">15–16 in</quantity>
female
<typeStatus id="5498D68C9A59FC29218C03BEFACFFC37" box="[1228,1323,959,983]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
). Basal middle lamellae dilated. Basal pectinal piece without a glandular region (based on female
<typeStatus id="5498D68C9A59FC29216103FCFB64FBF5" box="[1057,1152,1021,1045]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
). Sternites I–III feebly granular; IV and V moderately and strongly granular, respectively. Flatened triangle on the posterior margin of III, remarkably smooth. Sternite V with 2 + 2 crenulate longitudinal keels, i.e. (i) 2 paramedian keels on distal two thirds and (ii) 2 distinctly curved lateral keels occupying the second anterior quarter only. Spiracles oblique and of moderate length. Metasoma: all carinae feebly raised, subcrenulate. Setation weak. Segment I decacarinate; segment II with 8 carinae and 2 vestigial lateral carinae occupying its distal fifh. Segments III and IV with 8 carinae. Segment V with 7 carinae: 2 dorsal, 2 ventral, 1 median ventral, and 2 paramedian ventral. Posterior granules of segment III weak, tubercular. Segment IV with dorsal and dorsolateral carinae displaying 1 strong and 2–3 weaker spinoid posterior granules, respectively. Tis spinoid granule on IV’s dorsal carina is prominent, representing the metasoma’s most obvious feature. Intercarinal spaces granular in all segments. Median dorsal depression present and moderate in V. Telson feebly granular, smooth dorsally. Aculeus short with low curvature. Subaculear tooth moderate, weakly spinoid. Cheliceral dentition characteristic of family
<taxonomicName id="4C2313AD9A59FC2926890671FBCDF968" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1837" box="[969,1065,1648,1672]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Buthidae</taxonomicName>
; median tooth of fixed finger strong and rather distinct. Trichobothrial patern type A; orthobothriotaxic as defined by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB215DF9A59FC29269306AFFB90F927" author="Vachon M" box="[979,1140,1710,1735]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="857 - 958" refId="ref11959" refString="Vachon M. Etude des caracteres utilises pour classer les familles et les genres de Scorpions (Arachnides). 1. La trichobothriotaxie en arachnologie. Sigles trichobothriaux et types de trichobothriotaxie chez les Scorpions. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 3 e ser. 1974; 140: 857 - 958." type="journal article" year="1974">Vachon (1974)</bibRefCitation>
. Dorsal trichobothria of femur arranged in α (alpha) configuration. Trichobothria
<emphasis id="B957B43C9A59FC29201406CFFA8AF906" box="[1364,1390,1742,1766]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">d2</emphasis>
present on the internal face of the femur (emigrated from dorsal face). Pedipalps with moderate overall setation, but fingers with strong setation. Femur setation concentrated on ventral side; patella with some short macrosetae scatered all over. Ventral side of manus almost devoid of setation; external and dorsal sides with a higher density of macrosetae than in patella. Fingers hairy, especially on internal sides with long macrosetae. External sides of fingers with increased setation distally. Femur with five crenulate and raised carinae, as well as an additional keel-like row of granules along the proximal third of its ventral side. Patella with 7 raised keels, all subcrenulate to smooth except for the 2 internal carinae, composed of spinoid granules. Intercarinal spaces moderately and feebly granular on femur and patella, respectively. Movable fingers with 15–15 oblique rows of denticles and strong, spinoid accessory and internal granules. First two proximal rows of denticles almost fused, but distinguishable based on their accessory and internal granules. Telotarsi of leg pairs I–IV with 2 discrete ventro-submedian rows of setae (type II).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5C38A69A58FC2825330397FBDCFC4F" box="[115,1080,918,943]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[115,180,918,942]" targetBox="[226,1346,144,891]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B9C682E9A58FC2825330397FBDCFC4F" blockId="7.[115,1080,918,943]" box="[115,1080,918,943]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B957B43C9A58FC2825330397FF2FFC4F" bold="true" box="[115,203,918,943]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 5.</emphasis>
Secretions employed for venom pulses. A, Clear, prevenom-like secretion. B, Venom (white).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9C682E9A58FC2825310550FE49F9C5" blockId="7.[113,762,1361,1573]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B957B43C9A58FC2825310550FE09FA89" box="[113,493,1361,1385]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Comparisons:
<taxonomicName id="4C2313AD9A58FC2824430553FE09FA89" authorityName="Laborieux" authorityYear="2024" box="[259,493,1361,1385]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Tityus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achilles" subGenus="Tityus">Tityus (Tityus) achilles</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
shows affinities with the Colombian species
<emphasis id="B957B43C9A58FC2824040570FE32FA68" box="[324,470,1393,1416]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C2313AD9A58FC2824040570FE29FA68" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1836" box="[324,461,1393,1416]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Tityus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tityus Tityus</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2313AD9A58FC2824A00571FD2DFA68" authority="Florez, 1996" authorityName="Florez" authorityYear="1996" box="[480,713,1392,1416]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Tityus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lourencoi">
<emphasis id="B957B43C9A58FC2824A00571FDDCFA68" box="[480,568,1392,1416]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">lourençoi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB215DF9A58FC2827030571FD2DFA68" author="Florez E" box="[579,713,1392,1416]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="683 - 5" refId="ref10342" refString="Florez E. Tityus lourencoi, a new species of scorpion from the Cordillera Oriental, Colombia (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Revista de Biologia Tropical 1996; 44: 683 - 5." type="journal article" year="1996">Florez, 1996</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2313AD9A58FC2825310591FD8EFA48" authority="de Mello-Leitao, 1940" authorityName="de Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1940" box="[113,618,1424,1448]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Tityus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="charalaensis" subGenus="Tityus">
<emphasis id="B957B43C9A58FC2825310591FE66FA48" box="[113,386,1424,1448]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tityus (Tityus) charalaensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB215DF9A58FC2824C80591FD8EFA48" author="de Mello-Leitao C" box="[392,618,1424,1448]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="51 - 6" refId="ref10289" refString="de Mello-Leitao C. Um pedipalpo e dois escorpioes da Colombia. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia 1940; 1: 51 - 6." type="journal article" year="1940">de Mello-Leitão, 1940</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, with a generally dark-reddish coloration, male pedipalps slenderer than those of females, and fully parallel ventrolateral carinae on metasomal segments II–IV. It can however be easily distinguished from these by several key characters:
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>