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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="291589" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1534c351-525b-451c-89df-0ff55b818363" ID-ISBN="978-3-258-08047-5" checkinTime="1706569713375" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Konrad Lauber, Gerhart Wagner &amp; Andreas Gygax" docDate="2018" docId="AC9C066055178625351853595C4E2898" docLanguage="de" docName="FloraHelv.Fabaceae.xml" docOrigin="Flora Helvetica, Bern: Haupt Verlag" docTitle="Genista sagittalis L." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="99615BCDA2F8E13E6BA123A303EE2544" lastPageNumber="318" masterDocId="8EE5A9E62DF2672ECBC27C54C8BB369F" masterDocTitle="Flora Helvetica - Fabaceae" masterLastPageNumber="400" masterPageNumber="37" pageNumber="318" updateTime="1711157890863" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="3FE5E896618220522BC47EC6FF389FEA" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="08BDE22E33442AB2E94B0E98C27F67FB">
<mods:title id="48496FDF625E49393FBC409F341D7AEF">Flora Helvetica - Fabaceae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="7B85ACCA2CFC3D618A83692DA7063E06" type="personal">
<mods:role id="4843DFC11F86DD20A67A21234CDC43D1">
<mods:roleTerm id="7474DBF143B35F483B6EBF7D0D3CA2DE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="7E33EE4D6BBBD64CBFC4BABC528BFBB4">Konrad Lauber</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="8D7682C2E8E9E47A4C6083D98D9090D0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E497437CE3143E194718379F3B93B099">
<mods:roleTerm id="A930B3CCF4B8FEEBA23D76A64CD6F697">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="DAF62F6CA5B53205F027CF55E38E9649">Gerhart Wagner</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="9287C641DCFE2C07D1B1688385BFF775" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2E59A3CB67A78111571606C5069668D1">
<mods:roleTerm id="E84390E342297119C2B319699E339352">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="6A48A57F66D19E6EBD7D37ACE0EFA590">Andreas Gygax</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="5DA36F9A829FC389754959BB8993E3FC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="9B3EAB74181AE6894D2E2480541867E0" type="host">
<mods:originInfo id="990128C845D639ECC092D24A78D75C6E">
<mods:dateIssued id="EBB69FB09CB07365D9C19DD8B242F645">2018</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:publisher id="3971074E3007E2E9250F18521999B738">Haupt Verlag</mods:publisher>
<mods:place id="C4A87787506BFD4959E47E3B91274D42">
<mods:placeTerm id="CC6FBE432F8A5EF30B39F265E4FF80F1">Bern</mods:placeTerm>
</mods:place>
</mods:originInfo>
<mods:titleInfo id="5A959818025B84C09168816A454934B2">
<mods:title id="BC83EB5D14CF99D3074FF34A3F8B6BC3">Flora Helvetica</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="D0187BEAA87AC2F7A51FBC16E690ACC0">
<mods:extent id="81F84D186609410BFB73CFD86ACBD907" unit="page">
<mods:start id="56F34ECB9F7D9D5F916FB918FF54BF6C">37</mods:start>
<mods:end id="9E8801869F6CD40C310714BA89F345F8">400</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
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<mods:classification id="F8A574E0C7CE19B4BCB8810A46C103AA">book chapter</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="2D1C62D8511A6B3BC24B212F3A588879" type="ISBN">978-3-258-08047-5</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="AC9C066055178625351853595C4E2898" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10858753" ID-GBIF-Taxon="224054302" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10858753" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC9C066055178625351853595C4E2898" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC9C066055178625351853595C4E2898" lastPageNumber="318" pageNumber="318">
<subSubSection id="F78DB8FA11D214008F526DFEDF99FD18" pageNumber="318" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E3A4235D5DFC68A56D8CA8AAAB714ED8" pageNumber="318">
<taxonomicName id="83A3DCF284483E520CC4F51312240E65" ID-CoL="3FLCT" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Genista" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageNumber="326" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sagittalis">
<emphasis id="43EE136404755F2BB98FA1D28C552D34" italics="true" pageNumber="318">Genista sagittalis</emphasis>
L.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="30B87A0D3CD29B604268B5F5F060B62D" pageNumber="318" type="description">
<paragraph id="9A281738FE5427BE49E8CEED9E764F95" pageNumber="318">
Artbeschreibung:
<quantity id="038880BAD59C51AD2CAC9671AFDB537B" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageNumber="326" unit="cm" value="20.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="10.0">10-30 cm</quantity>
hohes
<normalizedToken id="F6C7E36EAD08ABD750BE123EE727C19F" originalValue="Halbsträuchlein" pageNumber="326">Halbstraeuchlein</normalizedToken>
mit kriechenden, verholzten, dornenlosen
<normalizedToken id="B3266A510F7D548DC3690D80B3C743FD" originalValue="Stängeln" pageNumber="326">Staengeln</normalizedToken>
und zahlreichen aufrechten, meist unverzweigten,
<normalizedToken id="9C84E607A8F8AC3BB4A6A52680E328DE" originalValue="beblätterten" pageNumber="326">beblaetterten</normalizedToken>
jungen Zweigen.
<emphasis id="4F908C827F3847C25840A233A1B8B7D4" bold="true" pageNumber="318">
<normalizedToken id="6D9F83F495D09E46C62BF689C075EC1F" originalValue="Stängel" pageNumber="326">Staengel</normalizedToken>
und Zweige breit
<normalizedToken id="99689B847E2F05CA2B2A50D96C5971D7" originalValue="geflügelt" pageNumber="326">gefluegelt</normalizedToken>
.
<normalizedToken id="962564C7C670B3E8AC18A534D9723C80" originalValue="Blätter" pageNumber="326">Blaetter</normalizedToken>
ungeteilt, breit-lanzettlich
</emphasis>
,
<quantity id="A1D0115C817AA197DCD3DB2DA8974E45" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageNumber="326" unit="cm" value="1.25" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.5">0,5-2 cm</quantity>
lang, nebst dem Kelch kurz behaart.
<emphasis id="D8A7E635DBB426C3C1E5B23C8BCEDC0D" bold="true" pageNumber="318">
<normalizedToken id="4A978AADC45F04A258B0BD331D3A581E" originalValue="Blüten" pageNumber="326">Blueten</normalizedToken>
gelb
</emphasis>
, in kurzen, dichten
<normalizedToken id="0D8EB20A38CEA529B559812082F19A6B" originalValue="endständigen" pageNumber="326">endstaendigen</normalizedToken>
Trauben. Frucht
<quantity id="7ABC032FC8431515D35823FE25F995E2" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageNumber="326" unit="cm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1-2 cm</quantity>
lang, dicht behaart.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="45F611454FDE9FA1ADD4A8E3F06EBAD9" pageNumber="318" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="3B1C17AE12FF468379B08ED673630A92" pageNumber="318">
<normalizedToken id="8B9450C7023FDAE40830BD65569F0862" originalValue="Blütezeit" pageNumber="326">Bluetezeit</normalizedToken>
: 5-7
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8F3C23C2F01E32AFD50992F683A8E819" pageNumber="318">
Standort und Verbreitung in der Schweiz: Magere Wiesen,
<normalizedToken id="F18C7ADC1A968E85E93784EDFDA629BD" originalValue="Waldränder" pageNumber="326">Waldraender</normalizedToken>
, lichte
<normalizedToken id="EE8E9CF677179AFC60838479EDA8D32F" originalValue="Wälder" pageNumber="326">Waelder</normalizedToken>
/ kollin-montan(-subalpin) / J, M (besonders MW), ANW, TI
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B0265A7E522554C47D421F5F56708ECF" pageNumber="318" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="565A90F72FAF86011E83A038813C8485" pageNumber="318">
Verbreitung global:
<normalizedToken id="7A4576F24F216422AC63593493E57876" originalValue="Südeuropäisch" pageNumber="326">Suedeuropaeisch</normalizedToken>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="38FC4B03B22BFF121E7F199CA3DCD1E7" pageNumber="318" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="4D7638CD61A5E786AEBDCB3C8F30443F" pageNumber="318">
<normalizedToken id="BB720DC6608F854008581630703717BD" originalValue="Ökologische">Oekologische</normalizedToken>
Zeigerwerte nach
<bibRefCitation id="BA843FA703D7564B06CF726452033750" author="Landolt, E. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Erhardt, A. &amp; Hegg, O. &amp; Klötzli, F. &amp; Lämmler, W. &amp; Nobis, M. &amp; Rudmann-Maurer, K. &amp; Theurillat, J.P. &amp; Urmi, E. &amp; Vust, M. &amp; Wohlgemuth, T." pageNumber="318" publicationUrl="https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" refString="Landolt, E., Bäumler, B., Erhardt, A., Hegg, O., Klötzli, F., Lämmler, W., Nobis, M., Rudmann-Maurer, K., Theurillat, J.P., Urmi, E., Vust, M., Wohlgemuth, T. 2010. Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen (2nd ed.). https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" title="Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen" year="2010">Landolt &amp; al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA8363DBE12ED61B9D3D6E4EF1B3B751" pageNumber="318">
<table id="732CBE0BACFCE27DDA22DE6852FD595D" class="table" inLine="true" pageNumber="318">
<tr id="0C8B69C9C36850CF42CC04D9A7758021" pageNumber="318">
<th id="9A126E859A3B6AFD131654C0320BFD0C" colspan="2" pageNumber="318">
<emphasis id="24951DFA9A26D862301AFA18E61E9465" bold="true" pageNumber="318">Bodenfaktoren</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="481A3E1C2043894E2FBCD3B3C141C12D" colspan="2" pageNumber="318">
<emphasis id="AB7CA755BA4D8E88D0E8D220163FDA26" bold="true" pageNumber="318">Klimafaktoren</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="96ACF2E3558C9153FBFFD9F906EF5C04" colspan="2" pageNumber="318">
<emphasis id="726F8FD007B14B36F6B474BB2C1DEBFC" bold="true" pageNumber="318">Salztoleranz</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="574303E7884AC6BD6192C99DF3EEFD01" pageNumber="318">
<td id="1C54A83DCEDB66B554C6462830583A38" pageNumber="318">Feuchtezahl F</td>
<td id="CAA8C33A0EC62D7758F0D49C2880D985" pageNumber="318" style="text-align:left;width:100px">--</td>
<td id="F3F67C4B778C825507FF7C5B4121C13A" pageNumber="318">Lichtzahl L</td>
<td id="2FC0C785B50DBF3FD96ECEDBF953FC38" pageNumber="318" style="text-align:left;width:60px">--</td>
<td id="ECAE11F828DB2525FC6391EA8A455018" pageNumber="318">Salzzeichen</td>
<td id="D74629843ABA71BF297CAE40F1D4E92F" pageNumber="318" style="text-align:left;width:60px">--</td>
</tr>
<tr id="52749556EBE735AE0556879D9106F87D" pageNumber="318">
<td id="E180566A0DCA362A041A89FCD0D4CFD5" pageNumber="318">Reaktionszahl R</td>
<td id="EE6DD1C01A1799B2BD8EE59D70CF80D7" pageNumber="318" style="text-align:left">--</td>
<td id="0ADE781CAF915B60488529E33C85438F" pageNumber="318">Temperaturzahl T</td>
<td id="A4EB997023F484F083B0AD4BE5B8F1BF" pageNumber="318" style="text-align:left">--</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2C9BB46070B4FB8E291376FCAAC7B433" pageNumber="318">
<td id="D1E07C74FD943FEE28B3ACBA41DD97AB" pageNumber="318">
<normalizedToken id="BC0F9D954848E9B89E0A89CA20C09851" originalValue="Nährstoffzahl">Naehrstoffzahl</normalizedToken>
N
</td>
<td id="5646C3E271465E5E0E465E2C3AC91F32" pageNumber="318" style="text-align:left">--</td>
<td id="E8C3700EBD9B6FC024E4E4CFAA8D11E5" pageNumber="318">
<normalizedToken id="A0FFF480568155345AE39696A89D47DF" originalValue="Kontinentalitätszahl">Kontinentalitaetszahl</normalizedToken>
K
</td>
<td id="A543A22711ED78A0A312F6037D06B295" pageNumber="318" style="text-align:left">--</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1CEF47763BCD27DA68A9F3003A4A47BE" pageNumber="318" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="3F42575D4321F27EBF5AF8B366895AB4" pageNumber="318">
Volksname Deutscher Name:
<vernacularName id="176E1EFDBC374EE51DF5AFBCE49D5D11" language="deu" pageNumber="318">
<normalizedToken id="3DDCA647BE5E89DAF3A6837D740B58DD" originalValue="Flügel-Ginster">Fluegel-Ginster</normalizedToken>
</vernacularName>
Nom
<normalizedToken id="A736D2EA3C9E65A4D01DB9DB5F33FA7F" originalValue="français">francais</normalizedToken>
:
<vernacularName id="14A71D145F7F5D302599E325EC9073B8" language="fra" pageNumber="318">
<normalizedToken id="92A2240DE4A295C9CECC18C12DF60A83" originalValue="Genêt">Genet</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="0A53868FBCC110A8F548DCF71B5FB7BB" originalValue="ailé">aile</normalizedToken>
</vernacularName>
Nome italiano:
<vernacularName id="FF431A94F3EB1F95EF73727538C2FF00" language="ita" pageNumber="318">Ginestra alata</vernacularName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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data/AC/9C/4E/AC9C4ECEBDAEAB1502246FC967B749AA.xml Normal file
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-198-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" ModsDocID="1314-2003-198-1" checkinTime="1654168732655" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Aubriot, Xavier &amp; Knapp, Sandra" docDate="2022" docId="AC9C4ECEBDAEAB1502246FC967B749AA" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 198: 1-270" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 198" docPubDate="2022-06-01" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514" docTitle="Solanum wightii Nees, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17 (1): 51. 1834." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" masterDocTitle="A revision of the &quot; spiny solanums &quot; of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="270" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1654168732655" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A revision of the &quot; spiny solanums &quot; of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Aubriot, Xavier</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Universite Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systematique et Evolution, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France &amp; The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-3945</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2022-06-01</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>198</mods:number>
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</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC9C4ECEBDAEAB1502246FC967B749AA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC9C4ECEBDAEAB1502246FC967B749AA" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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50.
<taxonomicName authority="Nees, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17 (1): 51. 1834." authorityName="Nees, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17 (1): 51. 1834." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum wightii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wightii">Solanum wightii Nees, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17(1): 51. 1834.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 82" captionStartId="F82" captionText="Figure 82. Solanum wightii Nees A herbarium specimen collected in India in 1937 (Vine 176, BM 000900152) B detailed view of a flower (field photograph, unvouchered, India) C detailed view of a fruit (field photograph, unvouchered, India). Photograph credits: A CC-BY, © copyright The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London B, C G. Gnanasekaran." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure82" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689775" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 82</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum hohenackeri" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hohenackeri">Solanum hohenackeri</taxonomicName>
Van Heurck &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müll">Muell</normalizedToken>
.Arg., Observ. Bot. (Van Heurck) 87. 1870. Type. India. Tamil Nadu: Nilgiris, &quot;in montibus Nilagiri&quot;,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R.F. Hohenacker 1076</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated here: BR [AWH10071212]; isolectotypes: BM [BM000778309], G [G00442609, G00442943, G00442944], HAL [HAL0010834], K [K000441384], L [0403690], LE [2 sheets], MEL [MEL2446521], P [P00055713, P00055714], W [acc. # 0000605]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Soosairaj, Raja, Balaguru &amp; Tagore" authorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pulneyensis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulneyensis">Solanum pulneyensis</taxonomicName>
Soosairaj, Adansonia
<normalizedToken originalValue="sér">ser</normalizedToken>
. 3, 43(21): 236. 2021. Type. India. Tamil Nadu: Dindigul district, Palani Hills National ark, Thonimalai, ca. 1300 m, 29 Jan 2018.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. Soosairaj</emphasis>
2514 (holotype: RHT [acc. # 076723]; isotype: MH).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" collectorName="R. Wight" country="India" location="India" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<collectingCountry name="India">India</collectingCountry>
. Sin. loc., &quot;Peninsula Ind. orientalis&quot;,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectorName>R. Wight</collectorName>
1576/126
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus>lectotype</typeStatus>
, designated here: GZU [GZU000255932]; isolectotypes: BM [BM000900156], E [E00179475, E00179476, E00179477], G [G00442945], K [K000441376, K000441378, K000441379], LE [LE00017069])
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Scrambling herbs or shrubs to 2 m tall, armed or unarmed. Stems erect or spreading, terete, prickly and stellate-pubescent; prickles, if present, to 3 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide at the base, slightly curved, pale yellowish tan; pubescence of sessile to very short-stalked porrect-stellate trichomes, the stalks, if present, to 0.2 mm, the rays 4-6, ca. 0.5 mm long, the midpoints 2-4 celled, to 2 mm long, glandular tipped, drying with violet tinge at cell junctions (trichomes described as black to reddish
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Clarke 10793</emphasis>
); new growth densely stellate-pubescent, the trichomes tangled, soon deciduous and the stems glabrate; bark of older stems ashy white. Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves not geminate. Leaves simple, shallowly lobed, the blades 2-9 cm long, 1.7-6.8 cm wide, 1-1.3 times longer than wide, ovate to broadly triangular, widest in the lower third, chartaceous, somewhat discolorous, unarmed or very occasionally sparsely armed along the midrib and major veins with small prickles; adaxial surface evenly and densely pubescent with sessile and very short-stalked porrect-stellate trichomes, the rays 4-8, to 0.5 mm long, glandular at the tips, the midpoints 2-4-celled, to 2 mm long, glandular at the tips; abaxial surface with similar porrect-stellate trichomes, but these denser especially along the veins; major veins 3-4 pairs, densely pubescent; base abruptly truncate to cordate, somewhat oblique; margins shallowly lobed, the lobes 3-4 on each side, to 0.5 cm long, broadly deltate, apically rounded, the sinuses less than halfway to the midrib; apex acute to obtuse; petioles 1-4 cm long, ca. half as long as the leaf blades, unarmed or with a few prickles, densely stellate pubescent like the stems. Inflorescences 0.3-1 cm long, internodal and lateral, unbranched, with 1-3 flowers, only 1 or 2 flowers open at any one time, pubescent with mixed sessile and short-stalked stellate-porrect trichomes like those of the stems, with multicellular midpoints to 2 mm long, unarmed; peduncle absent to 0.2 cm long; pedicels 2.5-4 cm long, ca. 0.7 mm in diameter at the base, ca. 0.7 mm in diameter at the apex, spreading and slightly nodding at anthesis, unarmed or with a few prickles, more sparsely stellate-pubescent than the inflorescence axes, articulated at the base; pedicel scars tightly spaced ca. 1 mm apart. Buds elongate and tapering, curved, strongly exserted from the calyx before anthesis. Flowers 5-merous, heterostylous and the plants andromonoecious, with the distal flower(s) short-styled and smaller than the hermaphroditic flowers. Calyx with the tube 3.5-4 mm long, conical, sparsely prickly, the lobes 6-8 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, long-triangular to lanceolate, unarmed, densely stellate-pubescent with mixed sessile and short-stalked porrect-stellate trichomes with multicellular glandular midpoints like those of the pedicels, the pubescence denser than that of the pedicels. Corolla (2-)3.5-5 cm in diameter, violet or deep purple, rotate-stellate, lobed to 1/3 of the way to the base, abundant interpetalar tissue present, the lobes (10-)14-17 mm long, (11-)14-18 mm wide, broad-deltate, spreading or somewhat campanulate at anthesis, mostly glabrous adaxially but with a few stellate trichomes along the petal midvein, densely stellate-pubescent abaxially with densely tangled sessile trichomes where exposed in bud, these densest at the tips, the interpetalar tissue glabrous. Stamens markedly unequal; anthers 3 long and 2 short, the long anthers 12-15 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, strongly curved and tapering, the short anthers ca. 10 mm long, 0.6-0.7 mm wide, straight or slightly curved, all anthers yellow, glabrous, poricidal at the tips, the pores directed distally, not elongating to slits with drying; filament tube minute, glabrous; free portion of the filaments 1-1.5 mm long, glabrous. Ovary conical, glabrous; style ca. 5 mm long in short-styled flowers, 12-15 mm long, in long-styled flowers, strongly curved, glabrous; stigma capitate, the surfaces minutely papillose. Fruit a globose berry, 1-2 per infructescence, 1.1-1.5 cm in diameter, completely enclosed in the accrescent calyx, yellowish brown when ripe, drying and breaking into 4 irregular valves when ripe, the pericarp thin and shiny, glabrous; fruiting pedicels 3-3.5 cm long, 1-1.5 mm in diameter at the base, 3-4.5 mm in diameter at the apex, unarmed, somewhat woody, sharply deflexed and pendent; fruiting calyx strongly accrescent, the lobes often breaking off. Seeds 20-30 per berry, 4-5 mm long, 3-3.5 mm wide, flattened reniform, pale tan or yellowish brown, the surfaces minutely pitted, the testal cells with straight walls, pentagonal in outline, the margins incrassate. Chromosome number: not known.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure82" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689775" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 82" startId="F82">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 82.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum wightii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wightii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum wightii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Nees
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
herbarium specimen collected in India in 1937 (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Vine 176</emphasis>
, BM000900152)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
detailed view of a flower (field photograph, unvouchered, India)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
detailed view of a fruit (field photograph, unvouchered, India). Photograph credits:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
CC-BY, © copyright The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B, C</emphasis>
G. Gnanasekaran.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 83" captionStartId="F83" captionText="Figure 83. Distribution of S. wightii." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure83" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689776" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">83</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum wightii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wightii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum wightii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to the mountains of southeastern India in the states of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum wightii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wightii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum wightii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in dry forests and forest margins, from 850 to 2,200 m elevation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names and uses">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">None recorded.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(
<bibRefCitation author="Hutchings, A" journalOrPublisher="AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B105" refString="2019. . http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2019">IUCN 2019</bibRefCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Vulnerable (VU). EOO (32,261 km2, VU); AOO (44 km2, EN).
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum wightii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wightii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum wightii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is rather narrowly distributed and occurs in open grassy areas subject to human disturbance; it occurs in the proposed Palani Hills National Park, so there is afforded some degree of protection.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum wightii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wightii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum wightii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a beautiful, distinctive Indian endemic with large, zygomorphic flowers and berries enclosed in accrescent calyces that are borne on long, strongly deflexed pedicels. The only other species in India with purple zygomorphic flowers is
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pubescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pubescens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. pubescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which has sticky pubescence, smaller flowers with a single long stamen rather than three, and more fruit on each infructescence borne on shorter pedicels. The berry of
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. wightii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="wightii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. wightii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been recorded as dry and dehiscent (breaks into four valves,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Anon. s.n.</emphasis>
, in MH; described as
<normalizedToken originalValue="“subcapsular”">&quot;subcapsular&quot;</normalizedToken>
in
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5252/adansonia2021v43a21" author="Soosairaj, S" journalOrPublisher="2. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B228" refString="Soosairaj, S, Raja, P, Balaguru, B, Tagore, JK, 2021. Solanum pulneyensis Soosairaj, sp. nov. (Solanaceae) from Palani Hills National Park of Tamil Nadu, India. Adansonia, ser. 3, 43(21): 235-240. https://doi.org/10.5252/adansonia2021v43a21" title="Solanum pulneyensis Soosairaj, sp. nov. (Solanaceae) from Palani Hills National Park of Tamil Nadu, India. Adansonia, ser. 3, 43 (21): 235 - 240." url="https://doi.org/10.5252/adansonia2021v43a21" year="2021">Soosairaj et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
) like members of the Androceras clade (
<bibRefCitation author="Whalen, MD" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B267" refString="Whalen, MD, 1979. Taxonomy of Solanum section Androceras. Gentes Herbarium 11(6): 359-426." title="Taxonomy of Solanum section Androceras. Gentes Herbarium 11 (6): 359 - 426." year="1979">Whalen 1979</bibRefCitation>
) and the Elaeagnifolium clade (see
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.84.12695" author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 104" refId="B131" refString="Knapp, S, Sagona, E, Carbonell, AKZ, Chiarini, F, 2017. A revision of the Solanum elaeagnifolium clade (Elaeagnifolium clade, subgenus Leptostemonum, Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 84: 1 - 104, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.84.12695" title="A revision of the Solanum elaeagnifolium clade (Elaeagnifolium clade, subgenus Leptostemonum, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.84.12695" volume="84" year="2017">Knapp et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
). Field studies of dispersal in
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. wightii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="wightii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. wightii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are needed; this type of dry berry is also found in members of the
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Leptostemonum" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Leptostemonum</taxonomicName>
Clade from Australia (
<bibRefCitation author="Symon, DE" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 367" refId="B238" refString="Symon, DE, 1981. A revision of Solanum in Australia. Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens 4: 1 - 367" title="A revision of Solanum in Australia." volume="4" year="1981">Symon 1981</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207564" author="Martine, CT" journalOrPublisher="Australian Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B158" refString="Martine, CT, Jordan-Thaler, IE, McDonnell, AJ, Cantley, JT, Hayes, DS, Roche, MD, Frawley, ES, Gilman, IS, Tank, DC, 2019. Phylogeny of the Australian Solanum dioicum group using seven nuclear genes, with consideration of Symon's fruit and seed dispersal hypothesis. PLoS ONE 14(4): e0207564. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207564" title="Phylogeny of the Australian Solanum dioicum group using seven nuclear genes, with consideration of Symon's fruit and seed dispersal hypothesis. PLoS ONE 14 (4): e 0207564." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207564" year="2019">Martine et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
) where dispersal can be either via a censer (shaking) mechanism or as trample burrs.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure83" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689776" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 83" startId="F83">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 83.</emphasis>
Distribution of
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. wightii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="wightii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. wightii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12412" author="Aubriot, X" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="199 - 223" refId="B8" refString="Aubriot, X, Singh, P, Knapp, S, 2016a. Tropical Asian species show the Old World clade of &quot;spiny solanums&quot; (subgenus Leptostemonum pro parte: Solanaceae) is not monophyletic. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181 (2): 199 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12412" title="Tropical Asian species show the Old World clade of &quot; spiny solanums &quot; (subgenus Leptostemonum pro parte: Solanaceae) is not monophyletic." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12412" volume="181" year="2016 a">Aubriot et al. (2016a)</bibRefCitation>
suggest
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. wightii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="wightii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. wightii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is sister to
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. praetermissum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="praetermissum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. praetermissum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the relationship is poorly supported, and additional analyses are necessary.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Ramachandran, A" journalOrPublisher="Rheedea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="56 - 58" refId="B202" refString="Ramachandran, A, Viswanathan, MB, 2010. Solanum cordatum (Solanaceae) - a new record to southern India. Rheedea 20: 56 - 58" title="Solanum cordatum (Solanaceae) - a new record to southern India." volume="20" year="2010">Ramachandran and Viswanathan (2010)</bibRefCitation>
reported specimens of
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. wightii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="wightii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. wightii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Sethukadai in the Namakkal District of Tamil Nadu as
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. cordatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cordatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. cordatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The illustration in their paper is clearly of
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. wightii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="wightii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. wightii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
although the description appears to be a mixture of information from published works and the specimens they used. The recently described
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pulneyensis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pulneyensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. pulneyensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5252/adansonia2021v43a21" author="Soosairaj, S" journalOrPublisher="2. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B228" refString="Soosairaj, S, Raja, P, Balaguru, B, Tagore, JK, 2021. Solanum pulneyensis Soosairaj, sp. nov. (Solanaceae) from Palani Hills National Park of Tamil Nadu, India. Adansonia, ser. 3, 43(21): 235-240. https://doi.org/10.5252/adansonia2021v43a21" title="Solanum pulneyensis Soosairaj, sp. nov. (Solanaceae) from Palani Hills National Park of Tamil Nadu, India. Adansonia, ser. 3, 43 (21): 235 - 240." url="https://doi.org/10.5252/adansonia2021v43a21" year="2021">Soosairaj et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
) clearly falls within the range of variation of
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. wightii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="wightii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. wightii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the holotype specimen at RHT corresponds to
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. wightii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="wightii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. wightii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The character used to distinguish the two species is the dry
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pseudo" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudo">Solanum pseudo</taxonomicName>
-capsular berry, something that is known to occur in
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. wightii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="wightii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. wightii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see above).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
We have selected the sheet of
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wight 1576/126</emphasis>
from Nees van
<normalizedToken originalValue="Esenbeck’s">Esenbeck's</normalizedToken>
personal herbarium (GZU000255932) that is annotated in his handwriting as &quot;S. Wightii n.sp.&quot; as the lectotype of
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. wightii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="wightii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. wightii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; this collection is widely duplicated. After its initial description (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1834.tb00017.x" author="Nees van Esenbeck, CG" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Linnean Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="37 - 82" refId="B187" refString="Nees van Esenbeck, CG, 1834. Monograph of East Indian Solanaeae. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 17 (1): 37 - 82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1834.tb00017.x" title="Monograph of East Indian Solanaeae." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1834.tb00017.x" volume="17" year="1834">Nees van Esenbeck 1834</bibRefCitation>
),
<bibRefCitation author="Nees van Esenbeck, CG" journalOrPublisher="Nova Acta Physico-Medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="357 - 360" refId="B188" refString="Nees van Esenbeck, CG, 1836. Excursus de Solano wightii, quem Arnottii collegae observationibus addidit. Nova Acta Physico-Medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 18: 357 - 360" title="Excursus de Solano wightii, quem Arnottii collegae observationibus addidit." volume="18" year="1836">Nees van Esenbeck (1836)</bibRefCitation>
published a more extensive treatment of
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. wightii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="wightii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. wightii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in which he clarified his ideas about its relationships and illustrated the plant.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Two collections and two herbaria were cited in the protologue (Van Heurck 1870) of
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. hohenackeri" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="hohenackeri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. hohenackeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- &quot;Hohenacker 1076, 1417! in hb. Van Heurck et hb. DC&quot;. The van Heurck herbarium, previously held in Antwerp at AWH, has now been acquired by BR, but sheets are still barcoded with the AWH herbarium code. We have selected duplicate of
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hohenacker 1076</emphasis>
held in BR (AWH10071212) as the lectotype for
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. hohenackeri" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="hohenackeri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. hohenackeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; this specimen is well-preserved and duplicates of
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hohenacker 1076</emphasis>
are widely distributed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">See Suppl. materials 1-3.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.896.36493" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f0dfb41e-097f-47cf-a691-e0ed156f0dd6" ID-PMC="PMC6908515" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-896-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="45D554E9BC5451AA8EFF6B8A14862ADC" ID-PubMed="31844412" ID-ZooBank="3E0BC795B569442AAE6FDFD4A9FB9534" ModsDocID="1313-2970-896-1" checkinTime="1575565016593" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Reemer, Menno, Skevington, Jeffrey H. &amp; Kelso, Scott" docDate="2019" docId="AC9C638A51975F0D977B05C5798C07FF" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 896: 1-93" docOrigin="ZooKeys 896" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.896.36493" docTitle="Peradon elongatus" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="45D554E9BC5451AA8EFF6B8A14862ADC" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="45D554E9BC5451AA8EFF6B8A14862ADC" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Neotropical hoverfly genus Peradon Reemer (Diptera, Syrphidae, Microdontinae)" masterLastPageNumber="93" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668168194872" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Revision of the Neotropical hoverfly genus Peradon Reemer (Diptera, Syrphidae, Microdontinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Reemer, Menno</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Skevington, Jeffrey H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>896</mods:number>
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<taxonomicName LSID="AC9C638A-5197-5F0D-977B-05C5798C07FF" authority="Hull" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Peradon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peradon elongatus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elongatus">Peradon elongatus (Hull)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 28–31" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 28 - 31. 28 - 30 Wings of Peradon species: 28 P. elongatus male (Brazil INPA) 29 P. elongatus female (Brazil INPA) 30 P. oligonax female (holotype) 31 Peradon oligonax male (Bolivia RMNH) mesonotum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures28-31" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362278" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures28-31">Figs 28</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 28–31" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 28 - 31. 28 - 30 Wings of Peradon species: 28 P. elongatus male (Brazil INPA) 29 P. elongatus female (Brazil INPA) 30 P. oligonax female (holotype) 31 Peradon oligonax male (Bolivia RMNH) mesonotum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures28-31" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362278" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures28-31">29</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 32–35" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 32 - 35. Tergite 2 dorsal 32 Peradon diaphanus female (neotype) 33 P. elongatus male (Brazil INPA) 34 P. hermetia male (holotype) 35 P. hermetoides male (holotype)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures32-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362279" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures32-35">33</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 105–111" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figures 105 - 111. Dorsal habitus of Peradon species (trivittatus group) 105 P. hermetia ♂ holotype 106 ♂ P. hermetoides holotype 107 P. elongatus ♂ Brazil INPA 108 P. elongatus ♀ Brazil INPA 109 P. diaphanus ♀ neotype 110 P. oligonax ♂ Brazil LACM 111 P. oligonax ♀ Peru RMNH. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures105-111" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362290" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures105-111">107</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 105–111" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figures 105 - 111. Dorsal habitus of Peradon species (trivittatus group) 105 P. hermetia ♂ holotype 106 ♂ P. hermetoides holotype 107 P. elongatus ♂ Brazil INPA 108 P. elongatus ♀ Brazil INPA 109 P. diaphanus ♀ neotype 110 P. oligonax ♂ Brazil LACM 111 P. oligonax ♀ Peru RMNH. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures105-111" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362290" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures105-111">108</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 186–193" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figures 186 - 193. 186 Peradon diaphanus female, neotype: habitus lateral 187 - 190 Peradon elongatus male, holotype: 187 habitus dorsal 188 habitus lateral 189 head frontal 190 head lateral 191 - 193 Peradon elongatus female, paratype: 191 habitus dorsal 192 head frontal 193 head lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures186-193" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362303" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures186-193">191-193</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 186–193" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figures 186 - 193. 186 Peradon diaphanus female, neotype: habitus lateral 187 - 190 Peradon elongatus male, holotype: 187 habitus dorsal 188 habitus lateral 189 head frontal 190 head lateral 191 - 193 Peradon elongatus female, paratype: 191 habitus dorsal 192 head frontal 193 head lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures186-193" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362303" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures186-193">187-193</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 262–267" captionStartId="F45" captionText="Figures 262 - 267. Male genitalia of Peradon species 262 P. hermetoides holotype 263 P. elongatus holotype 264 P. oligonax Colombia NHMUK 265 P. satyricus holotype 266 P. sciarus paratype 267 P. bidens Suriname RMNH." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures262-267" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362315" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures262-267">263</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Microdon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microdon elongatus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elongatus">Microdon elongatus</taxonomicName>
Hull, 1943: 706. Holotype ♂: Brazil,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
(NHMUK) [examined].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Argentinomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argentinomyia elongata" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elongata">Argentinomyia elongata</taxonomicName>
(Hull):
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49898" author="Thompson, FC" journalOrPublisher="A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 195" refId="B29" refString="Thompson, FC, Vockeroth, JR, Sedman, YS, 1976. Family Syrphidae. A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States 46: 1 - 195" title="Family Syrphidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49898" volume="46" year="1976">Thompson et al. 1976</bibRefCitation>
: 57.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Peradon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peradon elongatus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elongatus">Peradon elongatus</taxonomicName>
(Hull):
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.288.4095" author="Reemer, M" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 213" refId="B25" refString="Reemer, M, Stahls, G, 2013a. Generic revision and species classification of the Microdontinae (Diptera, Syrphidae). ZooKeys 288: 1 - 213" title="Generic revision and species classification of the Microdontinae (Diptera, Syrphidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.288.4095" volume="288" year="2013 a">
Reemer and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ståhls">Stahls</normalizedToken>
2013a
</bibRefCitation>
: 145.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="studied type specimens">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Studied type specimens.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Brazil • 1 ♂, holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Microdon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microdon elongatus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elongatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Microdon elongatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Hull;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
, Santarem; NHMUK. Label 1 (small, round, red-bordered): &quot;Holo- / type&quot;; label 2: &quot;Braz. / Santarem&quot;; label 3 (red): &quot;Holotype / Microdon /elongata / Hull&quot;. Coll. NHMUK. • 1 ♀; Villa nova; NHMUK. Label 1 (small, round, yellow-bordered): &quot;Para- / type&quot;; label 2: &quot;Villa / nova&quot;; label 3 (yellow): &quot;Paratype / Microdon / elongata / Hull&quot;.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="additional specimens">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Additional specimens.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Brazil • 1 ♂; Amazonas, Novo
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aripuanã">Aripuana</normalizedToken>
, Malaise
<normalizedToken originalValue="Igarapé">Igarape</normalizedToken>
, &quot;Floresta
<normalizedToken originalValue="úmida”">umida&quot;</normalizedToken>
;
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="53" value="-5.2647223">05°15'53&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="60" direction="west" minutes="07" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="08" value="-60.11889">60°07'08&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
; Sep. 2004; Henriques, Silva &amp; Pena leg.; INPA (&quot; INPA-DT / 0000080&quot;) • 1 ♀; Amazonas, Parque Nacional
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jaú">Jau</normalizedToken>
, Arm. Malaise, Campinarana baixa; 8-16 Apr. 2001; 01.5427 S, 61.3510 W; Henriques &amp; Vidal leg.; INPA (&quot; INPA-DIP / 001569&quot;).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Body length: male 10.5-11 mm, female 11-12 mm. The basally constricted abdomen, absence of a golden pilose triangle on the mesoscutum, and partially infuscated wings place this species in a group together with
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. diaphanus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="diaphanus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. diaphanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. hermetia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="hermetia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. hermetia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. hermetoides" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="hermetoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. hermetoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Among these species,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. elongatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="elongatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. elongatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only one with yellow colouration on the wing: in the male, only the vena spuria is yellow, in the female the yellow parts are more extensive.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Brazil (Amazonas,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The yellow wing colouration is much more extensive on the female than on the male. Similar sexual dimorphism in wing colouration also occurs in other
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Peradon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peradon" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peradon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, e.g.,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. chrysopygus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="chrysopygus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. chrysopygus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. flavofascium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="flavofascium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. flavofascium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The male from the Brazilian state Amazonas was collected in humid forest along a small stream (
<normalizedToken originalValue="“igarapé”">&quot;igarape&quot;</normalizedToken>
). The female from Amazonas was collected in a
<normalizedToken originalValue="“campinarana”">&quot;campinarana&quot;</normalizedToken>
: a type of vegetation occurring in flat, sandy soils prone to waterlogging, usually dominated by thin trees (pers. comm. G.F.G. Miranda).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bousquet, Yves</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127867157" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC9C88FE54175DDF61F978C21490853B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC9C88FE54175DDF61F978C21490853B" lastPageNumber="401" pageId="400" pageNumber="401">
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<taxonomicName LSID="AC9C88FE-5417-5DDF-61F9-78C21490853B" authority="Chaudoir, 1868" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1868" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Bembidion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bembidion conspersum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="400" pageNumber="401" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conspersum">
<pageBreakToken pageId="400" pageNumber="401" start="start">Bembidion</pageBreakToken>
conspersum Chaudoir, 1868
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="400" pageNumber="401" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="400" pageNumber="401">
<taxonomicName authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ochthedromus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="400" pageNumber="401" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tesselatus">Ochthedromus tesselatus</taxonomicName>
LeConte, 1852a: 188 [secondary homonym of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="LeConte" baseAuthorityYear="1852" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Bembidion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="400" pageNumber="401" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tesselatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="400" pageNumber="401">Bembidion tesselatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brullé">Brulle</normalizedToken>
, 1843]. Type locality: &quot;San Diego [San Diego County, California]&quot; (original citation). Lectotype (♀), designated by Erwin (1984a: 169), in MCZ [# 5532].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="400" pageNumber="401">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bembidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="400" pageNumber="401" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conspersum">Bembidium conspersum</taxonomicName>
Chaudoir, 1868b [July]: 244. Replacement name for
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bembidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="400" pageNumber="401" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tesselatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="400" pageNumber="401">Bembidium tesselatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(LeConte, 1852).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="400" pageNumber="401">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gemminger &amp; Harold" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bembicidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="400" pageNumber="401" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthostictum">Bembicidium xanthostictum</taxonomicName>
Gemminger and Harold, 1868a [August]: 424. Replacement name for
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bembicidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="400" pageNumber="401" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tesselatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="400" pageNumber="401">Bembicidium tesselatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(LeConte, 1852).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="400" pageNumber="401" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="400" pageNumber="401">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="400" pageNumber="401">According to Erwin (1984a: 169), this species is found throughout California.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="400" pageNumber="401" type="records">
<paragraph pageId="400" pageNumber="401">Records.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="400" pageNumber="401">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="400" pageNumber="401">USA</emphasis>
: CA
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<document id="CBFCA05C3C80D4AEED27D3CECF750FF8" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e9042" ID-PMC="PMC5039340" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828-4-9042" ID-PubMed="27733812" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1314-2828-4-e9042" ModsDocOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 4" ModsDocTitle="Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Ichneumonidae" checkinTime="1467812366136" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Broad, Gavin R." docDate="2016" docId="AC9CC3A3803083A6949AE3050B6BEA28" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 4: e9042" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 4" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e9042" docTitle="Banchus moppiti Fitton 1985" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="9042" masterDocId="FFD7A327EB31FFE35536456BB66AFFFB" masterDocTitle="Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Ichneumonidae" masterLastPageNumber="9042" masterPageNumber="9042" pageNumber="9042" updateTime="1668123934241" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<taxonomicName id="F02344C69307F325E54C57A56327BBCD" ID-CoL="KK52" authority="Fitton, 1985" authorityName="Fitton" authorityYear="1985" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Banchus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Banchus moppiti" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moppiti">Banchus moppiti Fitton, 1985</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="6CF3D859F5D9563FEA0F0EF85C896CDF" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042">Notes</paragraph>
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added by
<bibRefCitation id="3874DD2DF495D18ED515BCA1193A9846" author="Fitton, M. G." journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology)" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042" pagination="1 - 60" title="The ichneumon-fly genus Banchus (Hymenoptera) in the Old World" volume="51" year="1985">Fitton (1985a)</bibRefCitation>
; known in Britain only from an unlabelled specimen from
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collection.
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