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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="292517" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ddb374de-ce64-479f-908a-c12119582326" checkinTime="1706641244984" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Info Flora" docDate="2021" docId="AC4D5B7D2F5F67F72BC8202FE53DC770" docLanguage="de" docName="InfoFlora.Caryophyllaceae.xml" docOrigin="https://www.infoflora.ch/de/flora/caryophyllaceae.html (accessed 2023-10-20)" docSource="https://www.infoflora.ch/de/flora/caryophyllaceae.html" docTitle="Cerastium fontanum subsp. vulgare Greuter &amp; Burdet" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="64D51DB58A578DFE415F48DBD064C6F5" masterDocId="969EA0751CADE3EA09ABCF0DB5658CF7" masterDocTitle="Info Flora Schweiz - Caryophyllaceae" updateTime="1712197109605" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="4C87E8686A91DE00E8A5342EF85C886C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="E1033CD2035FCC7FCE66F2A9E36FFD6C">
<mods:title id="10203307A098461BFDB17E2600D38913">Info Flora Schweiz - Caryophyllaceae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="65A600E89142E95E659E831018C07C55" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C5B6B3124D8A27169938B6D1850217E6">
<mods:roleTerm id="F4063083C257B30B99D160C21A0BDD4E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0E2C5730DCE2E314D50259849F2A8BAE">Info Flora</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="CE72B288A95053CAC960DED90F8411A4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:originInfo id="E1EDB914EEA410664E528A49A8BEC7EB">
<mods:dateIssued id="79CE32A2718CE975EC907120BF805A93">2021</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:dateCaptured id="852C64B1EED39C830E33F4A36D3AE0FE">2023-10-20</mods:dateCaptured>
<mods:publisher id="ADBAE7116D89ECE20E6411896DDBC6FC">Info Flora Schweiz</mods:publisher>
<mods:place id="47318EE9C020D4205A140E04EF6053AC">
<mods:placeTerm id="DE50B287EB117EEEE4433DF4A85ACD00">Geneve</mods:placeTerm>
</mods:place>
</mods:originInfo>
<mods:location id="F9C624CCAECFE16A29BF351545F3710D">
<mods:url id="EC70AAFEA2134C2AE174273124F6C081">https://www.infoflora.ch/de/flora/caryophyllaceae.html</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="4DAA5C5420CC91683F9B66BB54E3DFE1">url</mods:classification>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="AC4D5B7D2F5F67F72BC8202FE53DC770" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10919300" ID-GBIF-Taxon="224775663" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10919300" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC4D5B7D2F5F67F72BC8202FE53DC770" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC4D5B7D2F5F67F72BC8202FE53DC770">
<subSubSection id="F5C3EA59EA93E827F867BDBA763A6E73" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C4DEA17113B56D349212366C0BE50AE5">
<taxonomicName id="C50975CDBAE903B3D721D310AA9675C2" ID-CoL="SKN5" authority="(Hartm.) Greuter &amp; Burdet" authorityName="Greuter &amp; Burdet" baseAuthorityName="Hartm." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Cerastium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="fontanum" subSpecies="vulgare">
<emphasis id="7A99ED0014E72BF13B03197FEA8EDA20" italics="true">Cerastium fontanum</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="46D47EB9BF6641B3E25B3114E39D709A" italics="true">vulgare</emphasis>
(Hartm.) Greuter &amp; Burdet
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="60724BFD3C71968E9B2715481DD0BDBA" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="541892F8E5B9EC03C21A3A6E8ED85296">
<vernacularName id="D58872A3F02AA0FB6F82F8EE370ED96D">
<normalizedToken id="4779059E174B144B77408B96A43F0A00" originalValue="Gewöhnliches">Gewoehnliches</normalizedToken>
Hornkraut
</vernacularName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="655497FD2F347459E0CEADC37BB3FBE8" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="E75EBFFD2B2772137D4EEE82300B2F37">
Unterart ISFS: 103800 Checklist: 1011420
<taxonomicName id="CEE76DC31E1513C42B099DF832E88E0B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Caryophyllaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="45A39AAD599232812701D29945879BFD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Cerastium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cerastium</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="A0411CCD170F033B8657641006B80282" authority="Baumg." authorityName="Baumg." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Cerastium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fontanum">Cerastium fontanum Baumg.</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="21D5479906576AB092BEE1E07FD4ABA5" authority="(Hartm.) Greuter &amp; Burdet" authorityName="Greuter &amp; Burdet" baseAuthorityName="Hartm." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Cerastium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="fontanum" subSpecies="vulgare">Cerastium fontanum subsp. vulgare (Hartm.) Greuter &amp; Burdet</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="92BD6EF6B3A2C1B74E387C123DAEA6C5">
<heading id="9B08160BF6C61DBBD3D08C7C75972524">Zusammenfassung</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="158E8F9884482757A415EF87D1E4F681" type="description">
<paragraph id="3E3D19C14869075B2D81A368C4A9100B">
Artbeschreibung
<emphasis id="B34E0B7A6B63F8BD0A1D3539AA85D25D" italics="true">
(nach
<bibRefCitation id="BE5E7E08BD6F9C367CFF5B769AB2F55E" ID-ISBN="978-3-258-08047-5" author="Lauber, K. &amp; Wagner, G. &amp; Gygax, A." location="Bern" publisher="Haupt Verlag" refString="Lauber, K., Wagner, G., Gygax, A. 2018. Flora Helvetica. Haupt Verlag, Bern. ISBN: 978-3-258-08047-5." title="Flora Helvetica" year="2018">Lauber &amp; al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
:
<quantity id="3FA8F94FD05F408CB37ABDB37CC53B29" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="0.5" unit="cm" value="22.5" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="5.0">5-40 cm</quantity>
hoch.
<emphasis id="E2D10DD233C5F0CC2F1B5199DFBA4D5A" bold="true">
<normalizedToken id="FA0E73AD2009400086D4E589194D726E" originalValue="Stängel">Staengel</normalizedToken>
bis 0,5 mm lang abstehend behaart
</emphasis>
, oft auch mit
<normalizedToken id="799539D95BE578085EDB696667AF1B0F" originalValue="Drüsenhaaren">Druesenhaaren</normalizedToken>
, aber
<normalizedToken id="128BCD954F1A07BC103146642B1AA167" originalValue="Blütenstand">Bluetenstand</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="5A0125C10461CA77F9DA9EE7CFDCF6F0" originalValue="drüsenlos">druesenlos</normalizedToken>
.
<normalizedToken id="3DA02A7753F209AADF1F9FCCACCE6753" originalValue="Blätter">Blaetter</normalizedToken>
1-2,5 cm lang.
<emphasis id="C50D85428F13E720078524A6ED590938" bold="true">
<normalizedToken id="443D62B8CC8F350B0E3AD0C1997CF037" originalValue="Kronblätter">Kronblaetter</normalizedToken>
<quantity id="B030525065109F0870296707F16EB53A" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.0" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="4.0">4-7 mm</quantity>
lang
</emphasis>
, nicht bewimpert, etwa gleich lang wie der Kelch, dieser
<quantity id="BCCB5DC345B06DA9F1019B0C9DDE7500" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4-6 mm</quantity>
, Kapsel
<quantity id="C7D6A54E7E441C4BE0CECDDDA8E2F698" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="7.0" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="7.0">7-12 mm</quantity>
lang.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5A484A9BD8306F242500295CCF0A4603" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="3669383E51C8B5EAA8F255467B4AB153">
<normalizedToken id="7E7A5FEE11946D7383549125AB90C0EC" originalValue="Blütezeit">Bluetezeit</normalizedToken>
<emphasis id="7CE85DFDC3EC8131AF0E56D10F4475CF" italics="true">
(nach
<bibRefCitation id="FC340CB15CD00377AF76C942EC13D307" ID-ISBN="978-3-258-08047-5" author="Lauber, K. &amp; Wagner, G. &amp; Gygax, A." location="Bern" publisher="Haupt Verlag" refString="Lauber, K., Wagner, G., Gygax, A. 2018. Flora Helvetica. Haupt Verlag, Bern. ISBN: 978-3-258-08047-5." title="Flora Helvetica" year="2018">Lauber &amp; al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
: 4-10
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EA1C767AE6EF51C8D8F41BD9B8AA79A9">
Standort und Verbreitung in der Schweiz
<emphasis id="36B1C239603840C34069CE5AE858E8F2" italics="true">
(nach
<bibRefCitation id="7D5A28FAA373195F8500123915B5C680" ID-ISBN="978-3-258-08047-5" author="Lauber, K. &amp; Wagner, G. &amp; Gygax, A." location="Bern" publisher="Haupt Verlag" refString="Lauber, K., Wagner, G., Gygax, A. 2018. Flora Helvetica. Haupt Verlag, Bern. ISBN: 978-3-258-08047-5." title="Flora Helvetica" year="2018">Lauber &amp; al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
: Wiesen, Weiden,
<normalizedToken id="0B00C0E505B1E77CC130EE0C95BF6CB2" originalValue="Lägerstellen">Laegerstellen</normalizedToken>
/ kollin-montan(-subalpin) / CH
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="41D9ED569DA0D80DF11CBC2E8016DF9B" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="3089903B22092B61059E71E0643B332D">
Verbreitung global
<emphasis id="6FA0AD49EBFE8E42AC9BB48F37065F72" italics="true">
(nach
<bibRefCitation id="FD9E0B97F08E82F8907C22F57EB77A06" ID-ISBN="978-3-258-08047-5" author="Lauber, K. &amp; Wagner, G. &amp; Gygax, A." location="Bern" publisher="Haupt Verlag" refString="Lauber, K., Wagner, G., Gygax, A. 2018. Flora Helvetica. Haupt Verlag, Bern. ISBN: 978-3-258-08047-5." title="Flora Helvetica" year="2018">Lauber &amp; al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
:
<normalizedToken id="DF0686B574FDE16971E3603F67474E21" originalValue="Ursprünglich">Urspruenglich</normalizedToken>
eurasiatisch (?)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BD2A2C54D7D15BDE07FA5F7A33F456E1" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="9BC3F7FB083A642A04EF25E3761831B4">
<normalizedToken id="026BFA832CA3C33BF57FBAE78CD4B901" originalValue="Ökologische">Oekologische</normalizedToken>
Zeigerwerte
<emphasis id="A49BFF438871B350F3A444E4341C1968" italics="true">
(nach
<bibRefCitation id="A7C64D1DE841535B4DC4620055215E58" author="Landolt, E. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Erhardt, A. &amp; Hegg, O. &amp; Klötzli, F. &amp; Lämmler, W. &amp; Nobis, M. &amp; Rudmann-Maurer, K. &amp; Theurillat, J.P. &amp; Urmi, E. &amp; Vust, M. &amp; Wohlgemuth, T." publicationUrl="https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" refString="Landolt, E., Bäumler, B., Erhardt, A., Hegg, O., Klötzli, F., Lämmler, W., Nobis, M., Rudmann-Maurer, K., Theurillat, J.P., Urmi, E., Vust, M., Wohlgemuth, T. 2010. Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen (2nd ed.). https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" title="Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen" year="2010">Landolt &amp; al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
334+43 + 3.c.2n=144
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="249AF5E0BB25D85054FAA4ABDD3D24BC" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="65AA42BC86B8F7667E4BBB921BC45CF4">Status</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B2E030A292FFA27EE3F735270A784778" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="2E8F9BDB827A5647FD22FEFCEF6E21CA">
<heading id="6608AE3A09D9E7D51385B996FAA74B8C">Status IUCN</heading>
: Nicht
<normalizedToken id="BCFE5F98222AF5A997FEB97ADCB905F0" originalValue="gefährdet">gefaehrdet</normalizedToken>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C81F5C9DDF89DE78F80E1691D73551D5" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="00B673F58D9A6625FFAC7B3272BADB36">
<heading id="F831BE6CD255FFC323FE7C5ED9D152D0">
<normalizedToken id="57E312A55EF909894CD5250AD30C1121" originalValue="Ökologie">Oekologie</normalizedToken>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8665F95C261F260FD40A0681780A6020">Lebensform Krautiger Chamaephyt</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C163435D2542444B7B0F90391247534E">
<heading id="D7B796AD8F47D6110853A99AF9E9A806">Lebensraum Lebensraum</heading>
nach
<bibRefCitation id="752AC49C8CCC2B1C174E88A7EDF0C233" author="Delarze, R. &amp; Gonseth, Y. &amp; Eggenberger, S. &amp; Vust, M." location="Bad Hersfeld, Germany" publisher="Ott Verlag" refString="Delarze, R., Gonseth, Y., Eggenberger, S., Vust, M. 2015. Lebensräume der Schweiz: Oekologie – Gefährdung – Kennarten (3rd edition). Ott Verlag, Bad Hersfeld, Germany, 456 pp." title="Lebensräume der Schweiz: Oekologie – Gefährdung – Kennarten (3rd edition)" year="2015">Delarze &amp; al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E397E96D641E4E16759887C20757BB9">
<table id="8FAE0C0A2322FDA39E9F53091CDF274F" class="table" inLine="true">
<tbody id="32F4F7BFC8D8EBA407C80992C138D99C">
<tr id="BD71474EEAFFFF544A3C37C4BF14C5B2">
<td id="DE55B3BE4E3039DB7E0F457E7BA73C62">4.5 - Fettwiesen und -weiden</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1399866935857F7345F4CB91B202A7EE">
<td id="5C323197B2723753CAD5A80BED90B010">
4.5.1 - Talfettwiesen (Fromentalwiese) (
<emphasis id="829F789B75AB21388DE3EEEDCE508C6E" italics="true">Arrhenatherion</emphasis>
)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2862FF3D7F3466BD073DDC4E0B6B6DE2">
<td id="900D64C902D7B517F085BD43540DD12F">
4.5.2 - Bergfettwiese (Goldhaferwiese) (
<emphasis id="60E7A31A758F79E6EBFE5D2081B18017" italics="true">Polygono-Trisetion</emphasis>
)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="445B4663FFB3342BF213E4E10A52FFDC">
<td id="4AB2369D7EEB2898905142CE44142EA3">
4.5.3 - Talfettweide (Kammgrasweide) (
<emphasis id="79D137D5DA32AEC98E4020ADD765DB50" italics="true">Cynosurion</emphasis>
)
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C5F0FAC6A97FBB1AFDAF2712AFB935BD">
<tableNote id="F989937619CB3F2E1540CCA0D6430F79">
<emphasis id="BEF96FBE858A7955756A384FE562075A" bold="true">fett</emphasis>
<emphasis id="1383740070E6515FA128CE052EA3E4A4" italics="true">
Dominante Art, welche das Aussehen des Lebensraumes
<normalizedToken id="E8C6B86A78346FA18512D51540889885" originalValue="mitprägt">mitpraegt</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="9EC47D884681D120E09F487B34739728" italics="true">Charakterart</emphasis>
<emphasis id="4E065309D9313A3246B648E110707BA3" italics="true">Weniger strikt an den Lebensraum gebundene Art</emphasis>
</tableNote>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8E9617FB2D040F1233E8D8BE93BB3479" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="85BE6FD4F00BC82769EF8329F82D488E">
<normalizedToken id="89D48421FB4C6DFF593C4E2C8E041E9B" originalValue="Ökologische">Oekologische</normalizedToken>
Zeigerwerte nach
<bibRefCitation id="98826EA1262E4747E2CAE1A79A9D93A6" author="Landolt, E. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Erhardt, A. &amp; Hegg, O. &amp; Klötzli, F. &amp; Lämmler, W. &amp; Nobis, M. &amp; Rudmann-Maurer, K. &amp; Theurillat, J.P. &amp; Urmi, E. &amp; Vust, M. &amp; Wohlgemuth, T." publicationUrl="https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" refString="Landolt, E., Bäumler, B., Erhardt, A., Hegg, O., Klötzli, F., Lämmler, W., Nobis, M., Rudmann-Maurer, K., Theurillat, J.P., Urmi, E., Vust, M., Wohlgemuth, T. 2010. Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen (2nd ed.). https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" title="Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen" year="2010">Landolt &amp; al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="314A74237CE9293A25751C1A8E2696FC">
<table id="E33F4C870297A9535B7F66E97752F4B2" class="table" inLine="true">
<tbody id="022D1093EE92C5300616FBE39793F1B0">
<tr id="84A10A92C44A7409C5FDF6281D76DEB9">
<th id="01A392F8BBC7FB1549A078BD560F5214" colspan="2">
<emphasis id="21FF5669B06ACCC5AA4B6D5C19A149AC" bold="true">Bodenfaktoren</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="9E65DEE532B130BA6B3C5E58D2E311D3" colspan="2">
<emphasis id="10E6FE096913F0C80EC0B6A0439F6F03" bold="true">Klimafaktoren</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="756AC28A232DCD84DEB8433A147C334B" colspan="2">
<emphasis id="3238F777E1DF8B1F170729C951311A36" bold="true">Salztoleranz</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="E6B3C7CF9E0EFD8B19E0A7E12D858061">
<td id="0BD60580C7259935B6FDD753D2BD4E1B">Feuchtezahl F</td>
<td id="A720BEEF4995B3D4D81E63AB807436AB" style="text-align:left;width:100px">
<normalizedToken id="EDE842776CE6CF0216659586FEF2402C" originalValue="mässig">maessig</normalizedToken>
feucht
</td>
<td id="BC626BA0001AFCBBD57858813C84620C">Lichtzahl L</td>
<td id="30B519F69A75ABE3826AE8E1F263EAAB" style="text-align:left;width:60px">hell</td>
<td id="8FFAFDB2ADEBF1787DE0A641592E46A5">Salzzeichen</td>
<td id="D8097AAAC7CBB11209F820CE4813B6B0" style="text-align:left;width:60px">1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="06513E3CA35FDDCC4DD4D6F8950E7B39">
<td id="293E491BA1996AC621E841952FF7FF15">Reaktionszahl R</td>
<td id="C6DF9A47D01968D1E157BCD33D3B94ED" style="text-align:left">schwach sauer bis neutral (pH 4.5-7.5)</td>
<td id="00C85C7EE9033CF5EE059492686C6D4B">Temperaturzahl T</td>
<td id="226B74039C87D1EDEE3AFADCC21D8567" style="text-align:left">unter-montan und ober-kollin</td>
</tr>
<tr id="F4618E86041624BA0BDCF7B6BFA07111">
<td id="445D637B568E92EDA6BC71755EAB0C60">
<normalizedToken id="8EC3A73FD3F1DF5BFC67454601EE540D" originalValue="Nährstoffzahl">Naehrstoffzahl</normalizedToken>
N
</td>
<td id="9C204FCD666AF83D417D07A25724DD8B" style="text-align:left">
<normalizedToken id="31F82DE5A5A427FF89896CDE7A30AA50" originalValue="nährstoffreich">naehrstoffreich</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td id="ABA389E9C0CB804BA3C48A07943C5BE7">
<normalizedToken id="6D4067C952B9FCFAC45F16BA690520B2" originalValue="Kontinentalitätszahl">Kontinentalitaetszahl</normalizedToken>
K
</td>
<td id="A7E151D34B16130A6B1B98B89FB70B77" style="text-align:left">
subozeanisch bis subkontinental (mittlere Luftfeuchtigkeit,
<normalizedToken id="D3840E31E67E1DC37967EA47180AEA20" originalValue="mässige">maessige</normalizedToken>
Temperaturschwankungen und
<normalizedToken id="98826F6926EC629BD33CDCC547821A56" originalValue="mässig">maessig</normalizedToken>
tiefe Wintertemperaturen)
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9F69843E5CFF32923775D0EA6E074CC3" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="E396C7A919D806173555FE906C34A239">
<heading id="B1E795DD50AA4E9C4682CE202910100E">Nomenklatur</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="725C178486341F811D9F15E0C010834E">
<treatmentCitation id="7C84E6CB4EC85D835585BB55DAA3C167">
<heading id="B88608B1ABB9BDF22B4E45CC239CCCB5">
<normalizedToken id="DC1E3D2BAA469DD934498CBA7B70F980" originalValue="Gültiger">Gueltiger</normalizedToken>
Name (
<bibRefCitation id="866F30DFB15189519F3F88A6308CF45C" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
)
</heading>
:
<taxonomicName id="881D880BB240500E94D1C9DD498D5F82" ID-CoL="SKN5" authority="(Hartm.) Greuter &amp; Burdet" authorityName="Greuter &amp; Burdet" baseAuthorityName="Hartm." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Cerastium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="fontanum" subSpecies="vulgare">
<emphasis id="4427B8E61A906C5776B3AE074BA64D21" italics="true">Cerastium fontanum</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="F935B4DEF9F88FF5D089C828222B0010" italics="true">vulgare</emphasis>
(Hartm.) Greuter &amp; Burdet
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D7C44E6EAC4D1FC07E0A58EE015C3FF9" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="D2F562BD24B89B0D2291B18D141BBC6B">
Volksname Deutscher Name:
<vernacularName id="1963EFCC452BF2EED0229201C35617B4" language="deu">
<normalizedToken id="91A74ADA72AC87879E977364C83F5A8F" originalValue="Gewöhnliches">Gewoehnliches</normalizedToken>
Hornkraut
</vernacularName>
Nom
<normalizedToken id="65BD5AB84535237177BEEB22CAB666B8" originalValue="français">francais</normalizedToken>
:
<vernacularName id="15CFBE0781338B7E5E9D5C255092E0D7" language="fra">
<normalizedToken id="6017117E7FF0FF546114FB39EDB0F45F" originalValue="Céraiste">Ceraiste</normalizedToken>
commun
</vernacularName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="88D71EC2CB7855A73495C45BF7F54641" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="329C986BF9AF350E37B75E9E7DAE6594">Nome italiano: --</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="04502C3EC1C248B933CC14D7DFEF0B9E" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="CFC520B8DE18368FC2C9F9543DED86D1">
<normalizedToken id="C8C567738C718A67AF29032CD165BEA9" originalValue="Übereinstimmung">Uebereinstimmung</normalizedToken>
mit anderen Referenzwerken
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A1D409FD64DFC075FC8A7407778F588A">
<table id="11221B30CFB5170D89461D66E53FA7FC" class="table table-condensed" inLine="true">
<tbody id="556AE32499B3D66462342CC270193EF0">
<tr id="CFB1D03704F24AF2F355FE0FEA0A24E8">
<th id="AC2AD3E53C63C583392D147AC76EF623" width="80px">Relation</th>
<th id="E1AA36523EE2923EF7E2C172AB876E38">Nom</th>
<th id="847597C42E31FE1AC691324E823A2BBD">Referenzwerke</th>
<th id="8656CB796D5F30886E5B95238130CCD5" width="90px">No</th>
</tr>
<tr id="833773912160D557B60CC597C5CFDED0">
<td id="0CC5CE6C7FEE80372D073FB28A7DE736" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="BB1E2678B5F1D086CA8E97423159C325">
<taxonomicName id="79D95755BE8BD891472A8E96C9544552" authority="(Hartm.) Greuter &amp; Burdet" authorityName="Greuter &amp; Burdet" baseAuthorityName="Hartm." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Cerastium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="fontanum" subSpecies="vulgare">Cerastium fontanum subsp. vulgare (Hartm.) Greuter &amp; Burdet</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="5A7DA76AC39971B0AF5CA6CFFD76ED65">
<treatmentCitation id="1E063D46DC1FE52EFCB881CC171C2108">
<bibRefCitation id="B59AE02F90BBBD47F9387129EA621B34" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="C2665DF782836D64192F6FD49EAE4C8C">103800</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B1B7575EB3331E989735CE5978627018">
<td id="5D9A88D24167079B7AE547FF5EDF1F54" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="BBAD33EDD35650B9F14B25A0A2609DE0">
<taxonomicName id="0DB18FA7CB4B35D887A1827E37CD93A2" authority="(Hartm.) Greuter &amp; Burdet" authorityName="Greuter &amp; Burdet" baseAuthorityName="Hartm." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Cerastium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="fontanum" subSpecies="vulgare">Cerastium fontanum subsp. vulgare (Hartm.) Greuter &amp; Burdet</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="1947FEB26113A0D8F8DC74A1F12FEF2A">
<treatmentCitation id="869AB9057227B90AC7BEDB419B97924F">
<bibRefCitation id="7FC3213EA04B100C887EDA286D912FD2">Flora Helvetica 2001</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="FBD6063FDAE24E3D038F2A9D73184D37">385</td>
</tr>
<tr id="E9621AE404730D08A5C67F6E368485E2">
<td id="BD6AFAF344D1DBBD6EC632CAAEE2BD71" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="1C606669809AEFC9A3257CC64A63FC0D">
<taxonomicName id="15962E7DE005DD6634F419759637CAA2" authority="(Hartm.) Greuter &amp; Burdet" authorityName="Greuter &amp; Burdet" baseAuthorityName="Hartm." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Cerastium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="fontanum" subSpecies="vulgare">Cerastium fontanum subsp. vulgare (Hartm.) Greuter &amp; Burdet</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="2ACBCA512B5ED978AC5D751CA43B3AA6">
<treatmentCitation id="D110E00804E7B6CAB942DFAC1D76F25D">
<bibRefCitation id="ED305C793804C2DCB56463D875345658">Flora Helvetica 2012</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="2F9E723510B9CA5BC38E97EB0714BA65">1191</td>
</tr>
<tr id="99C51776821A5E024D92BECD310578E0">
<td id="2F019ED1EA11F8663883C89B510DA7F6" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="99F26D6B990C7C18EB7BB8834CB5A2EA">
<taxonomicName id="BA8C986C1D9ABFF7913602B67C237935" authority="(Hartm.) Greuter &amp; Burdet" authorityName="Greuter &amp; Burdet" baseAuthorityName="Hartm." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Cerastium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="fontanum" subSpecies="vulgare">Cerastium fontanum subsp. vulgare (Hartm.) Greuter &amp; Burdet</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="E5519DAD92B35585F673A733E3833C54">
<treatmentCitation id="31BE698E2BD74F1B43A5412A05B3A67C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/60D05BA3274E1E5A6469CE2347114EA5">
<bibRefCitation id="850BEBECB4DA1AE8176BF94BF23C19E6">Flora Helvetica 2018</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="10081C8572BBD34C9CA9EF7C9FF03011">1191</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C528287C2D40F3B3F3BE998607899D36">
<td id="71B91E146B7A4E40F818EFA0E60A81CE" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="3A10605F79149E6FB0B78712FFF5CA3D">
<taxonomicName id="1FF1933FF9AAB735196DC5B71A970FD2" authority="(Hartm.) Greuter &amp; Burdet" authorityName="Greuter &amp; Burdet" baseAuthorityName="Hartm." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Cerastium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="fontanum" subSpecies="vulgare">Cerastium fontanum subsp. vulgare (Hartm.) Greuter &amp; Burdet</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="0FE847A6FCB18F6CB38C18DA18878A48">
<treatmentCitation id="58ED6C199936475B60E0ACCD9BF79466">
<bibRefCitation id="1AAE406876D05E611FD7DC60B25D7041">Index synonymique 1996</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="7BF792EA6D53A5252B06389D7CE70EDF">103800</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1FD279B2EC5EED54CA00B601EDC79EBA">
<td id="70BB3047FF0C6B13E0DF2DF3CDE796A5" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="629F24DD07704A3FFF8CB3634B495099">
<taxonomicName id="22C334322FD7BDFAF8CE5464014C5CC0" authority="(Hartm.) Greuter &amp; Burdet" authorityName="Greuter &amp; Burdet" baseAuthorityName="Hartm." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Cerastium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="fontanum" subSpecies="vulgare">Cerastium fontanum subsp. vulgare (Hartm.) Greuter &amp; Burdet</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="49A148DA9D9E42500B2F814576A7A871">
<treatmentCitation id="6BC7C3D3E5D19C0ED12449A22855BC05">
<bibRefCitation id="DCDEDFC3A2379CB5DCED47F9F54DC610">SISF/ISFS 2</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="361FFC6933E456BF4EB4F46CD460D05F">103800</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6F4595681C8CFF6CE1DE063F10C81D37">
<tableNote id="1C8B717EDCAC594D483DC0F2C932C818">
= Taxon stimmt mit akzeptiertem Taxon
<normalizedToken id="F23AB91737BA62039CD76BD55D55072C" originalValue="überein">ueberein</normalizedToken>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C60DD049C6A907AF2549819A6881EC96" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
) &lt;Taxon ist im akzeptierten Taxon (
<bibRefCitation id="58F7C44CA55F29A694EE758134F8910C" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
) enthalten&gt; Taxon
<normalizedToken id="30F714E9FE766DDB9635EF5343A62F9A" originalValue="enthält">enthaelt</normalizedToken>
(neben anderen) auch das akzeptierte Taxon (
<bibRefCitation id="C65CF8BE79AF45FE5CF2EB34F3DB9D9C" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
)
</tableNote>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58DB0E3AF2FE688BBC02DD6123ED4859" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="B0D689E191A7AA4A4B3D1B2868590CD6">
<heading id="A510A31620EFB6D1FD32524442094B1A">Status Indigenat</heading>
: Indigen
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DC4DDF95AA06A9FC56EC0818112C9B4A">
<emphasis id="2983B2C262BF0C137FF1BA193C2B88A6" bold="true">
<heading id="2C1F89BDA0F545FBE062A61AC4736672">
Liste der
<normalizedToken id="86B9269AA6A4F3D4EFDEF5EE52E83554" originalValue="gefährdeten">gefaehrdeten</normalizedToken>
Pflanzen IUCN
</heading>
(nach
<bibRefCitation id="1126E5347554E2C1AFB7DDF2090B3026" author="Walter, K.S. &amp; Gillett, H.J." location="Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.44833" publisher="IUCN" refString="Walter, K.S. and Gillett, H.J. (editors). 1998. 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.44833" title="IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants" year="1997">Walter &amp; Gillett 1997</bibRefCitation>
):
</emphasis>
Nein
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5031A03C5E7E9CDE4461DE4B1F59D149">
<heading id="CA635192362204AA032EBEF83C7263DC">Status Rote Liste national 2016</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="86A334FEE3AAA75F12AD0EF67C0C7E8B">
<heading id="1EA128CD8CCA1C036D4EE71F4FC817C3">Status IUCN</heading>
: Nicht
<normalizedToken id="544943F9BD0FFB2BAF217180BF5F3D75" originalValue="gefährdet">gefaehrdet</normalizedToken>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="06B11DDABC2BB9BE98C63E4510CBDCD2">
<heading id="B8470F87BC5BF7289AF3BF8F8C577090">
<normalizedToken id="9530CB5AA94C9DD30F205DBCE3C2DEAF" originalValue="Zusätzliche">Zusaetzliche</normalizedToken>
Informationen
</heading>
Kriterien IUCN: --
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E19035227758AD8FB3475F8BEE248CE">
<heading id="A8EB7B3DC2CA50365F553D281361147F">Status Rote Liste regional 2019</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E25CFDD63260B081627F18C3899FB30">
<table id="36D2707BDBF935804128FD911B9B8399" class="table table-condensed" inLine="true">
<tbody id="A453C49AD3EFD2A813EAAEBD92E9E0C5">
<tr id="387D3BBF50B85030925FEBBF946FD51C">
<th id="79C0117AEA1C00BF7F78E4F2FBBDE217">Biogeografische Regionen</th>
<th id="8C4DE42506FB1F984AC912E3A1A2BF6F">Status</th>
<th id="CE86D90C8E00E48844F9F6B4C18ECEFA">Kriterien IUCN</th>
</tr>
<tr id="5417ECF223024D69C41EF86F0C710497">
<td id="20923C1A6173E8B42A696F8C53F383B7" class="regional_status">Jura (JU)</td>
<td id="9F6A815683501AE8F2AB5A4B6C390683">
nicht
<normalizedToken id="DC98C7C58B760ECBFF9788B1BDA0FCA5" originalValue="gefährdet">gefaehrdet</normalizedToken>
(Least Concern)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6E674F2E594ABEC06BDD0837030F322D">
<td id="D60EEF3203164BB8026E6D79DCD8B922" class="regional_status">Mittelland (MP)</td>
<td id="5A2CD9C973932480579231833349C2AB">
nicht
<normalizedToken id="034579AE8E7A56703499B886DF550EF0" originalValue="gefährdet">gefaehrdet</normalizedToken>
(Least Concern)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6FD34DBB0F16BEB7A94EC001B3079D15">
<td id="AA930E5EEB2DB9C89F7FE2C2C6A24EF3" class="regional_status">Alpennordflanke (NA)</td>
<td id="0B0A1EA343C75CB43E37993DE2A14663">
nicht
<normalizedToken id="6D904672D4963A63C3869D17F9EEDC5B" originalValue="gefährdet">gefaehrdet</normalizedToken>
(Least Concern)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="BD36F808621734F4BCEADEF8EB16341C">
<td id="DF69EED5DDA7E1CFAFB94DEC2A49972B" class="regional_status">
<normalizedToken id="8E2ECA29D61F9520542587EE8965F8F2" originalValue="Alpensüdflanke">Alpensuedflanke</normalizedToken>
(SA)
</td>
<td id="9344626F52C03FBE7EB52B6C0E633B23">
nicht
<normalizedToken id="2393FBDD6577E8C6B544E9D5ABE30E47" originalValue="gefährdet">gefaehrdet</normalizedToken>
(Least Concern)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="CFBB25D998C3B26835F3AB86BAB19417">
<td id="9BA90A71DCCB07A5E7910DA7467B3B87" class="regional_status">
<normalizedToken id="546C2DA8BE63C70D446542C19B10A89E" originalValue="Östliche">Oestliche</normalizedToken>
Zentralalpen (EA)
</td>
<td id="28D6208A821DFCA6D169E73102EADC79">
nicht
<normalizedToken id="DE93782B349C039F1D5DAABF52D53C2F" originalValue="gefährdet">gefaehrdet</normalizedToken>
(Least Concern)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="BAAE6D12E0BFB6729436C8E2B1ED875F">
<td id="59CCE3BAE36BAA8DACD9299B0858499D" class="regional_status">Westliche Zentralalpen (WA)</td>
<td id="418D431DC3FD52B61837ACDEA262D411">
nicht
<normalizedToken id="E9D06A7D0FB149B5A21492F6E0EE56F9" originalValue="gefährdet">gefaehrdet</normalizedToken>
(Least Concern)
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="59D04BDB7580F501652A2C58435C44E5">
<heading id="3A5C2CC7C74E2574CD73FBD8B257C3D4">
Status nationale
<normalizedToken id="6B9C538E94605A49A4B83E30B62D928F" originalValue="Priorität">Prioritaet</normalizedToken>
/Verantwortung
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C220F2E2C870D0E10EC15A4C2EA272EC">
<table id="8C387A7E19EC9A19EBC015D03564DBD6" class="table" inLine="true">
<tr id="E5C30F6F1916842A90C889C20F867037">
<td id="ADFED2F8612AC65D2779BB5475BC7A35">
Keine nationale
<normalizedToken id="27FFCB41C3C202114F306D37062A7452" originalValue="Priorität">Prioritaet</normalizedToken>
oder internationale Verantwortung
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EBE0B54946035AD3CB5B35F266067C5F">
<heading id="D3CFC3BF6E691D9223C128207468665B">Schutzstatus</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FD7D52C7B12BAD241CEA61A2F2FD07A5">
<table id="CDADE4CAC09030ADD7ECA715347D3D26" class="table" inLine="true">
<tr id="20CF50D325B6CE9B3A4BC918B4162144">
<td id="78EFE724CD99154CF7B2F148F433E0DC">Kein internationaler, nationaler oder kantonaler Schutz</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

372
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<treatment id="AC4D691FFF805E26FF685B3B742AFC24" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584692" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158512428" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584692" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC4D691FFF805E26FF685B3B742AFC24" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC4D691FFF805E26FF685B3B742AFC24" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<heading id="7F136F65FF805E24FF685B3B74C7FAF3" bold="true" box="[151,505,1366,1393]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" reason="1">
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6.
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF805E24FF4A5B3B74C7FAF3" ID-CoL="MFR2" authority="Sladen" authorityName="Sladen" box="[181,505,1366,1393]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FF4A5B3B74A2FAF2" bold="true" box="[181,412,1366,1393]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Bombus neoboreus</emphasis>
Sladen
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<paragraph id="245BD809FF805E24FF685B177722FA17" blockId="36.[151,540,1366,1428]" box="[151,540,1401,1428]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
(
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF805E24FF605B17740BFA17" box="[159,309,1402,1428]" captionStart="FIGURES 89‒103" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1863,1888]" captionTargetBox="[256,1361,173,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[200,1386,166,1844]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 89‒103. 89: Bombus neoboreus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 90‒103 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 90 (#68) USA-Alaska; 91 (#4706) Canada-Nunavut; 92 (#3816) Canada-Yukon; 93 (#3819) USA-Alaska; 94 (#2055) Canada-Nunavut; 95 (#2058) Canada-Nunavut; 96 (#2071) Canada-Nunavut; 97 (#2051) Canada-Nunavut; 98 (#4406) Canada-Nunavut; 99 (#90) Canada-Nunavut; 100 (#92) Canada-Nunavut; 101 (#93) Canada-Yukon; 102 (#3762) Canada-Nunavut; 103 (#91) Canada-Nunavut." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268205/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figs. 89‒103</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF805E24FEBE5B177453FA17" box="[321,365,1402,1428]" captionStart="FIGURES 129‒137" captionStartId="45.[151,264,1802,1827]" captionTargetBox="[171,1400,212,1747]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[151,1436,181,1782]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 129‒137. Morphology of the male genitalia for species of the subgenus Alpinobombus from the dorsal aspect, anterior to the left of the image, posterior to the right: 129 B. alpinus (#3824); 130 B pyrrhopygus (#3833); 131 B. polaris (#73); 132 B. balteatus (#3843); 133 B. kirbiellus (#3768); 134 B. neoboreus (#4387); 135 B. kluanensis (#4876); 136 B. natvigi (#81); 137 B. hyperboreus (#3821)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268213/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">134</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF805E24FE865B17749BFA17" box="[377,421,1402,1428]" captionStart="FIGURES 140‒143" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1866,1891]" captionTargetBox="[157,1433,181,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[151,1436,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 140‒143. Morphology of females (queens). Left lateral aspect of the oculo-malar area of: 140, B. polaris; 141, B. kirbiellus (white lines indicate length and breadth measurements). Left lateral aspect of the outer surface of the left hind tibia (corbicular area): 142, B. polaris; 143, B. neoboreus (white lines indicate highlights in the central area)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268219/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">143</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF805E24FE4E5B1474E3FA17" box="[433,477,1401,1428]" captionStart="FIGURES 144‒147" captionStartId="51.[151,264,1282,1307]" captionTargetBox="[151,1409,166,1244]" captionTargetId="figure@51.[151,1409,166,1263]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURES 144‒147. Morphology of males. Dorsal aspect of the penis valves of: 144, B. natvigi; 145, B. neoboreus (white lines indicate location of the subapical outer tooth of the left penis valve). Dorsal aspect of left gonostylus: 146 B. kirbiellus; 147, B. polaris (white lines indicate anterior, midpoint, and posterior median projections of left gonostylus)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268221/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">145</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF805E24FE165B17772AFA17" box="[489,532,1402,1428]" captionStart="FIGURES 148‒149" captionStartId="52.[151,264,1900,1925]" captionTargetBox="[174,1413,166,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@52.[174,1413,166,1880]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 148‒149. Anterior / left lateral aspect of the lower part of the clypeus, the labrum, and the mandibles of males of: (148) B. neoboreus (#4867), showing the small orange hair patches at the base of the mandibles and the long dense posterior fringing black beard; (149) B. kluanensis (#4876), showing the large dense orange hair pads on the mandibles and the sparse orange hairs in the posterior fringing beard." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268223/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">148</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF805E24FF685BD276B0F997" blockId="36.[151,1437,1470,1679]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
B.&lt;ombus&gt;
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF805E24FEE55BD2770FFA54" authority="Cresson 1863: 102" authorityName="Cresson" authorityPageNumber="102" authorityYear="1863" box="[282,561,1470,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Apis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strenuus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FEE55BD27451FA55" box="[282,367,1471,1494]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">strenuus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF805E24FE885BD2770FFA54" author="Cresson" box="[375,561,1470,1495]" firstAuthor="Cresson" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="83 - 116" refId="ref41764" refString="Cresson, E. T. (1863) List of the North American species of Bombus and Apathus. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 2, 83 - 116." type="journal article" year="1863">Cresson 1863:102</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(not of
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF805E24FD775BD3760CFA54" author="Harris" box="[648,818,1470,1495]" firstAuthor="Harris" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref43511" refString="Harris, M. (1776 - 1780) An exposition of English insects, with curious observations and remarks, wherein each insect is particularly described; its parts and properties considered; the different sexes distinguished, and the natural history faithfully related. Robson, London, viii + 166 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 122956" type="book" year="1776">Harris 1776:131</bibRefCitation>
, =
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF805E24FCAA5BD27163FA54" authority="(Linnaeus))" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[853,1117,1470,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lapidarius">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FCAA5BD276E2FA54" box="[853,988,1471,1495]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">B. lapidarius</emphasis>
(Linnaeus))
</taxonomicName>
, type-locality citation ‘Youcon River, Arctic America, and Hudson’s Bay Territory’.
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFF805E24FD205BB3767AFA75" box="[735,836,1502,1526]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
queen (#4706) by designation of
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF805E24FB655BB0706AFA75" author="Cresson" box="[1178,1364,1501,1526]" firstAuthor="Cresson" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 141" refId="ref41832" refString="Cresson, E. T. (1916) The Cresson types of Hymenoptera. Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, 1, 1 - 141." type="journal article" year="1916">Cresson 1916:131</bibRefCitation>
, ANSP examined PW, ‘H. B. T.’ [Hudson Bay Territory] (?
<collectingRegion id="E62016EBFF805E24FD345B917616F997" box="[715,808,1532,1556]" country="Canada" name="Nunavut" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Nunavut</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF805E24FCCD5B9676BDF997" box="[818,899,1531,1556]" name="Canada" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Canada</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FF805E24FF685876719CF90C" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="245BD809FF805E24FF68587676F9F9F3" blockId="36.[151,1437,1470,1679]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF805E24FF685876773DF9B0" ID-CoL="MFR2" authority="Sladen 1919: 28" authorityName="Sladen" authorityPageNumber="28" authorityYear="1919" box="[151,515,1562,1587]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FF6858767464F9B0" box="[151,346,1563,1587]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Bombus neoboreus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF805E24FE9E5877773DF9B0" author="Sladen" box="[353,515,1562,1587]" firstAuthor="Sladen" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1913 - 18" refId="ref49674" refString="Sladen, F. W. L. (1919) The wasps and bees collected by the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913 - 18. In: Report of the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913 - 18. Vol. III. Insects. F. A. Acland, Printer to the King, Ottawa, pp. 25 G- 35 G." type="journal article" year="1919">Sladen 1919:28</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, type-locality citation ‘Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories’.
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFF805E24FB65587671C1F9B0" box="[1178,1279,1563,1587]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
queen (#4406) by designation of
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF805E24FE7D5854777EF9D2" author="Milliron" box="[386,576,1593,1618]" firstAuthor="Milliron" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="81 - 237" refId="ref46901" refString="Milliron, H. E. (1973) A monograph of the western hemisphere bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae; Bombinae). II. The genus Megabombus subgenus Megabombus. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 89, 81 - 237. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 10589 fv" type="journal article" year="1973">Milliron 1973:110</bibRefCitation>
, CNC examined PW, ‘Bernard / Harbour’ (formerly NWT, now
<collectingRegion id="E62016EBFF805E24FB2358577008F9D2" box="[1244,1334,1594,1617]" country="Canada" name="Nunavut" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Nunavut</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF805E24FABD585470ADF9D1" box="[1346,1427,1593,1618]" name="Canada" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Canada</collectingCountry>
). Synonymised with
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF805E24FE74583577E9F9F3" authority="(Cresson)" authorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" box="[395,727,1624,1648]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Megabombus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strenuus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FE7458357751F9F3" box="[395,623,1624,1648]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Megabombus strenuus</emphasis>
(Cresson)
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF805E24FD02583A7682F9F3" author="Milliron" box="[765,956,1623,1648]" firstAuthor="Milliron" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="81 - 237" refId="ref46901" refString="Milliron, H. E. (1973) A monograph of the western hemisphere bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae; Bombinae). II. The genus Megabombus subgenus Megabombus. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 89, 81 - 237. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 10589 fv" type="journal article" year="1973">Milliron 1973:108</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF805E24FF68581A719CF90C" blockId="36.[151,1437,1470,1679]" box="[151,1186,1654,1679]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
[
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FF5F581A74E6F90D" box="[160,472,1655,1679]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF805E24FF5F581A745FF90C" ID-CoL="MFR2" authority="Cresson; Kearns &amp; Thomson 2001" authorityName="Cresson; Kearns &amp; Thomson" authorityYear="2001" box="[160,353,1655,1679]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoboreus">Bombus neoboreus</taxonomicName>
(strenuous)
</emphasis>
Cresson;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF805E24FDC1581A765FF90C" author="Kearns &amp; Thomson" box="[574,865,1654,1679]" firstAuthor="Kearns" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref44937" refString="Kearns, C. A. &amp; Thomson, J. D. (2001) The natural history of bumblebees, a sourcebook for investigations. University Press of Colorado, Boulder, xiv + 130 pp." type="book" year="2001">Kearns &amp; Thomson 2001:97</bibRefCitation>
, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FF805E26FF6858D07676FE2C" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="description">
<paragraph id="245BD809FF805E24FF6858D0716DF8A3" blockId="36.[151,1437,1724,2039]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FF6858D074FDF954" bold="true" box="[151,451,1724,1751]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Taxonomy and variation.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF805E24FE3658D077A0F954" box="[457,670,1725,1751]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FE3658D077A0F954" box="[457,670,1725,1751]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Bombus neoboreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has long been treated as including
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF805E24FBD858D37185F954" authorityName="Williams &amp; Berezin &amp; Cannings &amp; Cederberg &amp; Ødegaard &amp; Rasmussen &amp; Richardson &amp; Rykken &amp; Sheffield &amp; Thanoosing &amp; Byvaltsev" authorityYear="2019" box="[1063,1211,1725,1751]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kluanensis">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FBD858D37185F954" box="[1063,1211,1725,1751]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">B. kluanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but has been recognized as separate from evidence of a species coalescent in the COI gene (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF805E24FC2F588C7184F978" author="Williams" box="[976,1210,1760,1787]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref51372" refString="Williams, P. H., Byvaltsev, A. M., Cederberg, B., Berezin, M. V., Odegaard, F., Rasmussen, C., et al. (2015) Genes suggest ancestral colour polymorphisms are shared across morphologically cryptic species in arctic bumblebees. PLoS ONE, 10, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0144544" type="journal article" year="2015">
Williams
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FBC0588F7146F978" box="[1087,1144,1761,1787]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF805E24FB38588C7035F978" box="[1223,1291,1761,1787]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1663,1688]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,563,1642]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,561,1644]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. Estimate of the metric gene tree for the 54 longest unique COI-barcode alleles of the subgenus Alpinobombus from MrBayes combined with the Bayesian Poisson-tree-process (PTP) solution with the highest support with spots showing the nodes with the strongest support as coalescents for candidate species (outgroup B. ignitus not shown). Values above the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities showing branch support for groups; values below the nodes are PTP Bayesian support values that all daughter alleles are parts of a single species (probabilities within candidate species are all ≤ 0.44). The scale bar is calibrated in substitutions per nucleotide site. Each unique allele is represented by one of the longest available sample sequences, labelled with: the sequence length in number of nucleotides, a taxon name or name describing an unpublished colour pattern, and then a code that consists of a specimen identifier (AL#n) from the project database and (after the hyphen) a sample identifier from BOLD or GenBank, followed with its geographic origin (for simplicity Greenland is included without Denmark)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268187/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
), differences in morphology and differences in the PEPCK gene (Williams, Cannings,
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FC34596B713DF89C" box="[971,1027,1797,1823]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
2016).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF805E24FF385944743AF8E4" blockId="36.[151,1437,1724,2039]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
Variation in the colour pattern has been illustrated and analysed previously (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF805E24FBDB5944702EF8C0" author="Williams" box="[1060,1296,1833,1859]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref51722" refString="Williams, P. H., Thorp, R. W., Richardson, L. L. &amp; Colla, S. R. (2014) Bumble bees of North America. An identification guide. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 208 pp." type="book" year="2014">
Williams
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FB6C594771F2F8C0" box="[1171,1228,1833,1859]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF805E24FAE4594475C6F8E4" author="Williams" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref51372" refString="Williams, P. H., Byvaltsev, A. M., Cederberg, B., Berezin, M. V., Odegaard, F., Rasmussen, C., et al. (2015) Genes suggest ancestral colour polymorphisms are shared across morphologically cryptic species in arctic bumblebees. PLoS ONE, 10, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0144544" type="journal article" year="2015">
Williams
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FA775947758AF8E4" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF805E24FF38591C7154F874" blockId="36.[151,1437,1724,2039]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
The pale colour pattern
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF805E24FE27591F7786F808" authority="Cresson" authorityName="Cresson" box="[472,696,1905,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Megabombus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strenuus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FE27591F7768F808" box="[472,598,1906,1931]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">B. strenuus</emphasis>
Cresson
</taxonomicName>
was described as having the hair of the dorsal part of the side of the thorax, the scutellum, and T1‒3 extensively yellow (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF805E24FCF459F8713AF82C" box="[779,1028,1941,1967]" captionStart="FIGURES 89‒103" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1863,1888]" captionTargetBox="[256,1361,173,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[200,1386,166,1844]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 89‒103. 89: Bombus neoboreus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 90‒103 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 90 (#68) USA-Alaska; 91 (#4706) Canada-Nunavut; 92 (#3816) Canada-Yukon; 93 (#3819) USA-Alaska; 94 (#2055) Canada-Nunavut; 95 (#2058) Canada-Nunavut; 96 (#2071) Canada-Nunavut; 97 (#2051) Canada-Nunavut; 98 (#4406) Canada-Nunavut; 99 (#90) Canada-Nunavut; 100 (#92) Canada-Nunavut; 101 (#93) Canada-Yukon; 102 (#3762) Canada-Nunavut; 103 (#91) Canada-Nunavut." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268205/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figs. 90‒93, 101‒102</figureCitation>
). This is the most widespread colour pattern of the species. The principal variation is in whether T5 is predominantly orange (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF805E24FB8B59D470AAF850" box="[1140,1428,1977,2003]" captionStart="FIGURES 89‒103" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1863,1888]" captionTargetBox="[256,1361,173,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[200,1386,166,1844]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 89‒103. 89: Bombus neoboreus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 90‒103 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 90 (#68) USA-Alaska; 91 (#4706) Canada-Nunavut; 92 (#3816) Canada-Yukon; 93 (#3819) USA-Alaska; 94 (#2055) Canada-Nunavut; 95 (#2058) Canada-Nunavut; 96 (#2071) Canada-Nunavut; 97 (#2051) Canada-Nunavut; 98 (#4406) Canada-Nunavut; 99 (#90) Canada-Nunavut; 100 (#92) Canada-Nunavut; 101 (#93) Canada-Yukon; 102 (#3762) Canada-Nunavut; 103 (#91) Canada-Nunavut." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268205/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figs. 90, 92‒93, 101‒102</figureCitation>
) or predominantly black (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF805E24FE5359B074C0F874" box="[428,510,2013,2039]" captionStart="FIGURES 89‒103" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1863,1888]" captionTargetBox="[256,1361,173,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[200,1386,166,1844]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 89‒103. 89: Bombus neoboreus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 90‒103 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 90 (#68) USA-Alaska; 91 (#4706) Canada-Nunavut; 92 (#3816) Canada-Yukon; 93 (#3819) USA-Alaska; 94 (#2055) Canada-Nunavut; 95 (#2058) Canada-Nunavut; 96 (#2071) Canada-Nunavut; 97 (#2051) Canada-Nunavut; 98 (#4406) Canada-Nunavut; 99 (#90) Canada-Nunavut; 100 (#92) Canada-Nunavut; 101 (#93) Canada-Yukon; 102 (#3762) Canada-Nunavut; 103 (#91) Canada-Nunavut." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268205/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 91</figureCitation>
), although there are usually a few orange hairs present.
</paragraph>
<caption id="709B8881FF815E25FF68592A7474F873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268205/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" startId="37.[151,264,1863,1888]" targetBox="[256,1361,173,1801]" targetPageId="37">
<paragraph id="245BD809FF815E25FF68592A7474F873" blockId="37.[151,1437,1863,2032]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF815E25FF68592A7464F8E3" bold="true" box="[151,346,1863,1888]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">FIGURES 89‒103</emphasis>
. 89:
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF815E25FE7159257771F8E3" box="[398,591,1864,1888]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF815E25FE7159257771F8E3" box="[398,591,1864,1888]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Bombus neoboreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 90
<emphasis id="1690041BFF815E25FC29592576DDF8E3" bold="true" box="[982,995,1864,1888]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">‒</emphasis>
103 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16
<emphasis id="1690041BFF815E25FAB85925706AF8E3" bold="true" box="[1351,1364,1864,1888]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">‒</emphasis>
21): 90 (#68) USA-Alaska; 91 (#4706) Canada-Nunavut; 92 (#3816) Canada-Yukon; 93 (#3819) USA-Alaska; 94 (#2055) Canada-Nunavut; 95 (#2058) Canada-Nunavut; 96 (#2071) Canada-Nunavut; 97 (#2051) Canada-Nunavut; 98 (#4406) Canada-Nunavut; 99 (#90) Canada-Nunavut; 100 (#92) Canada-Nunavut; 101 (#93) Canada-Yukon; 102 (#3762) Canada-Nunavut; 103 (#91) Canada-Nunavut.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF825E26FF385EF47676FE2C" blockId="38.[151,1437,153,935]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
Later, the darker colour pattern
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF825E26FDD65EF77782FF30" box="[553,700,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FDD65EF77782FF30" box="[553,700,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B. neoboreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described, which has the dorsal part of the side of the thorax, the scutellum, and T3 extensively black (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF825E26FD995ED07608FF54" box="[614,822,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURES 89‒103" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1863,1888]" captionTargetBox="[256,1361,173,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[200,1386,166,1844]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 89‒103. 89: Bombus neoboreus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 90‒103 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 90 (#68) USA-Alaska; 91 (#4706) Canada-Nunavut; 92 (#3816) Canada-Yukon; 93 (#3819) USA-Alaska; 94 (#2055) Canada-Nunavut; 95 (#2058) Canada-Nunavut; 96 (#2071) Canada-Nunavut; 97 (#2051) Canada-Nunavut; 98 (#4406) Canada-Nunavut; 99 (#90) Canada-Nunavut; 100 (#92) Canada-Nunavut; 101 (#93) Canada-Yukon; 102 (#3762) Canada-Nunavut; 103 (#91) Canada-Nunavut." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268205/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figs. 94‒100, 103</figureCitation>
). The darkest females have the top of the head, side of the thorax, scutellum, middle third of T1, and T3‒5 black (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF825E26FCC75E8C76B0FF78" box="[824,910,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURES 89‒103" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1863,1888]" captionTargetBox="[256,1361,173,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[200,1386,166,1844]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 89‒103. 89: Bombus neoboreus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 90‒103 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 90 (#68) USA-Alaska; 91 (#4706) Canada-Nunavut; 92 (#3816) Canada-Yukon; 93 (#3819) USA-Alaska; 94 (#2055) Canada-Nunavut; 95 (#2058) Canada-Nunavut; 96 (#2071) Canada-Nunavut; 97 (#2051) Canada-Nunavut; 98 (#4406) Canada-Nunavut; 99 (#90) Canada-Nunavut; 100 (#92) Canada-Nunavut; 101 (#93) Canada-Yukon; 102 (#3762) Canada-Nunavut; 103 (#91) Canada-Nunavut." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268205/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 97</figureCitation>
). There are especially many individuals of the dark colour pattern
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FE8D5F687719FE9C" box="[370,551,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF825E26FE8D5F6874D8FE9C" authority="Williams &amp; Berezin &amp; Cannings &amp; Cederberg &amp; Ødegaard &amp; Rasmussen &amp; Richardson &amp; Rykken &amp; Sheffield &amp; Thanoosing &amp; Byvaltsev, 2019" authorityName="Williams &amp; Berezin &amp; Cannings &amp; Cederberg &amp; Ødegaard &amp; Rasmussen &amp; Richardson &amp; Rykken &amp; Sheffield &amp; Thanoosing &amp; Byvaltsev" authorityYear="2019" box="[370,486,261,287]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="neoboreus">neoboreus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DA3B960FF825E26FE125F6B7719FE9C" box="[493,551,262,287]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
in collections from
<collectingRegion id="E62016EBFF825E26FCF85F687652FE9C" box="[775,876,261,287]" country="Canada" name="Nunavut" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Nunavut</collectingRegion>
: near Coppermine, Bernard Harbour, and Kugluktuk. They are superficially similar to some
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF825E26FD875F4777D8FEC0" box="[632,742,297,323]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polaris">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FD875F4777D8FEC0" box="[632,742,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B. polaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but are slightly larger, with shorter hair, have a longer oculomalar distance, and have a smoother shinier outer corbicular surface of the hind tibia. Individuals with both colour patterns (the pale
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF825E26FEA25F1F7485FE08" box="[349,443,370,395]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Megabombus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strenuus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FEA25F1F7485FE08" box="[349,443,370,395]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">strenuus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the dark
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FDAF5F1C763AFE08" box="[592,772,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF825E26FDAF5F1C77FAFE08" authority="Williams &amp; Berezin &amp; Cannings &amp; Cederberg &amp; Ødegaard &amp; Rasmussen &amp; Richardson &amp; Rykken &amp; Sheffield &amp; Thanoosing &amp; Byvaltsev, 2019" authorityName="Williams &amp; Berezin &amp; Cannings &amp; Cederberg &amp; Ødegaard &amp; Rasmussen &amp; Richardson &amp; Rykken &amp; Sheffield &amp; Thanoosing &amp; Byvaltsev" authorityYear="2019" box="[592,708,369,395]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="neoboreus">neoboreus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DA3B960FF825E26FD355F1F763AFE08" box="[714,772,370,395]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
) co-occur at Kluane (
<collectingRegion id="E62016EBFF825E26FC0A5F1C717CFE0F" box="[1013,1090,369,396]" country="Canada" name="Yukon" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Yukon</collectingRegion>
) and at Coppermine (
<collectingRegion id="E62016EBFF825E26FACE5F1C70ABFE08" box="[1329,1429,369,395]" country="Canada" name="Nunavut" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Nunavut</collectingRegion>
) and there are no diagnostic differences in their COI barcodes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FF825E26FF385FD57062FD70" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="245BD809FF825E26FF385FD5711AFD04" blockId="38.[151,1437,153,935]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FF385FD57492FE50" bold="true" box="[199,428,440,467]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Material examined</emphasis>
. 58 queens
<specimenCount id="32E21380FF825E26FDC55FD477F9FE50" box="[570,711,441,467]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="worker">104 workers</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="32E21380FF825E26FD2E5FD4767BFE50" box="[721,837,441,467]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="male">100 males</specimenCount>
(plus
<specimenCount id="32E21380FF825E26FC6E5FD5713EFE50" box="[913,1024,440,467]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="female">5 females</specimenCount>
with caste undetermined), from the
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF825E26FF685FB075F3FE74" box="[151,205,477,503]" name="United States of America" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">USA</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF825E26FEFB5FB07466FE74" box="[260,344,477,503]" name="Canada" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Canada</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF825E26FE995FB07485FE74" box="[358,443,477,503]" captionStart="FIGURES 89‒103" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1863,1888]" captionTargetBox="[256,1361,173,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[200,1386,166,1844]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 89‒103. 89: Bombus neoboreus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 90‒103 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 90 (#68) USA-Alaska; 91 (#4706) Canada-Nunavut; 92 (#3816) Canada-Yukon; 93 (#3819) USA-Alaska; 94 (#2055) Canada-Nunavut; 95 (#2058) Canada-Nunavut; 96 (#2071) Canada-Nunavut; 97 (#2051) Canada-Nunavut; 98 (#4406) Canada-Nunavut; 99 (#90) Canada-Nunavut; 100 (#92) Canada-Nunavut; 101 (#93) Canada-Yukon; 102 (#3762) Canada-Nunavut; 103 (#91) Canada-Nunavut." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268205/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 89</figureCitation>
:
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF825E26FE3B5FB07724FE74" box="[452,538,477,503]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">AMNH</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF825E26FD935FB07798FE74" box="[620,678,477,503]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">CNC</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF825E26FD0B5FB07660FE74" box="[756,862,477,503]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF825E26FC9B5FB07684FE74" box="[868,954,477,503]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/142r-0w94" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="Museum">NMNH</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF825E26FC3E5FB07132FE74" box="[961,1036,477,503]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/66ra-d50z" name="The Packer Collection at York University" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="University or college">PCYU</collectionCode>
PR
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF825E26FBC45FB0715AFE74" box="[1083,1124,477,503]" country="Thailand" name="Paleontological Collections" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">PW</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF825E26FB945FB07182FE74" box="[1131,1212,477,503]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/gayt-20cg" name="Royal British Columbia Museum" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="Museum">RBCM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF825E26FB3C5FB0702CFE74" box="[1219,1298,477,503]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">RSKM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF825E26FAE65FB0706AFE74" box="[1305,1364,477,503]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7sv4-pazk" name="Royal Scottish Museum" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">RSM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF825E26FAA45FB070A2FE74" box="[1371,1436,477,503]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/77v7-7va6" name="University of Alaska Museum" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="Museum">UAM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF825E26FF685C6C75E6FD98" box="[151,216,513,539]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="Museum">YPM</collectionCode>
), with
<specimenCount id="32E21380FF825E26FED75C6D74FCFD98" box="[296,450,512,539]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="generic">15 specimens</specimenCount>
barcoded. A record of a queen from a site on Vancouver Island (#4298) was noted by
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF825E26FF685C487479FDBC" author="Milliron" box="[151,327,549,575]" firstAuthor="Milliron" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="81 - 237" refId="ref46901" refString="Milliron, H. E. (1973) A monograph of the western hemisphere bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae; Bombinae). II. The genus Megabombus subgenus Megabombus. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 89, 81 - 237. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 10589 fv" type="journal article" year="1973">Milliron (1973)</bibRefCitation>
as needing confirmation. The specimen (
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) is correctly identified, but the site is unexpectedly far south for this species and at low elevation, apparently in unusual forest habitat for this species (cf. the Maxent climatic suitability model in
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF825E26FE265C007723FD04" box="[473,541,621,647]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1715,1740]" captionTargetBox="[166,1426,427,1686]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,417,1696]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Sample sites and climatic suitability for all Alpinobombus species combined estimated using Maxent from climate variables for the year 2000. Bright yellow and brown areas show where the logistic prediction of occurrence is p&gt; 0.5 (the outlier records with exceptionally low probabilities of suitability were excluded in step-wise iterations); brown spots show all consistent Alpinobombus site records; ‘?’ shows the five records that are in climatically outlying sites. Polar projection, North Pole (starred) at the centre of the map, international boundaries and the Arctic Circle shown as narrow grey lines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268181/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
), so the specimen may have been mislabelled.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF825E26FF385CFD7062FD70" blockId="38.[151,1437,153,935]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FF385CFD74CDFD28" bold="true" box="[199,499,656,683]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Habitat and distribution</emphasis>
. Flower-rich arctic/alpine tundra in the New World tundra excluding
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF825E26FADE5CFC70A7FD28" box="[1313,1433,657,683]" name="Greenland" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Greenland</collectingCountry>
, north to Prince Patrick Island and east to Victoria Island, extending southwards into the subarctic region in the alpine zone of the Alaskan and Yukon mountains. Regional distribution maps (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF825E26FC445CB47162FD70" author="Milliron" box="[955,1116,729,755]" firstAuthor="Milliron" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="81 - 237" refId="ref46901" refString="Milliron, H. E. (1973) A monograph of the western hemisphere bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae; Bombinae). II. The genus Megabombus subgenus Megabombus. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 89, 81 - 237. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 10589 fv" type="journal article" year="1973">Milliron 1973</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF825E26FB985CB4706EFD70" author="Williams" box="[1127,1360,729,755]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref51722" refString="Williams, P. H., Thorp, R. W., Richardson, L. L. &amp; Colla, S. R. (2014) Bumble bees of North America. An identification guide. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 208 pp." type="book" year="2014">
Williams
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FB2B5CB77032FD70" box="[1236,1292,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FF825E26FF385C90742AFC24" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="description">
<paragraph id="245BD809FF825E26FF385C9074E6FC94" blockId="38.[151,1437,153,935]" box="[199,472,765,791]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FF385C907465FC94" bold="true" box="[199,347,765,791]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Food plants.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF825E26FF385D4D74FBFCB8" blockId="38.[151,1437,153,935]" box="[199,453,800,827]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FF385D4D7476FCB8" bold="true" box="[199,328,800,827]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Behaviour.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF825E26FF385D29742AFC24" blockId="38.[151,1437,153,935]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FF385D297485FCDC" bold="true" box="[199,443,836,863]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Conservation status.</emphasis>
This species has not yet been fully assessed for Red List threat status using IUCN criteria (2001).
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF825E26FF0F5D0474D7FC07" author="Hatfield" box="[240,489,873,900]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Hatfield" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref43776" refString="Hatfield, R., Jepsen, S., Thorp, R. W., Richardson, L., Colla, S. &amp; Foltz-Jordan, S. (2016 c) Bombus neoboreus. The IUCN Red List of threatened species. https: // doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2016 - 1. RLTS. T 44937195 A 46440191. en" type="book" year="2016" yearSuffix="c">
Hatfield
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FEAC5D0774BAFC00" box="[339,388,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al</emphasis>
. (2016c)
</bibRefCitation>
have listed
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF825E26FD905D07763DFC00" authorityName="Williams &amp; Berezin &amp; Cannings &amp; Cederberg &amp; Ødegaard &amp; Rasmussen &amp; Richardson &amp; Rykken &amp; Sheffield &amp; Thanoosing &amp; Byvaltsev" authorityYear="2019" box="[623,771,873,899]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FD905D07763DFC00" box="[623,771,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B. neoboreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as ‘Data deficient’. Their data appear to include data for
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF825E26FA7B5D077433FC24" authorityName="Williams &amp; Berezin &amp; Cannings &amp; Cederberg &amp; Ødegaard &amp; Rasmussen &amp; Richardson &amp; Rykken &amp; Sheffield &amp; Thanoosing &amp; Byvaltsev" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kluanensis">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FA7B5D077433FC24" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B. kluanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

598
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@ -0,0 +1,598 @@
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<mods:title id="20C83EE604199B29F17968BB17DACA38">The arctic and alpine bumblebees of the subgenus Alpinobombus revised from integrative assessment of species’ gene coalescents and morphology (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)</mods:title>
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7.
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<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FF4A5D94749FFB97" bold="true" box="[181,417,1017,1044]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Bombus kluanensis</emphasis>
Williams &amp; Cannings
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<paragraph id="245BD809FF825E26FF685A7074DDFBB4" blockId="38.[151,695,1017,1079]" box="[151,483,1052,1079]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
(
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF825E26FF5E5A7075C3FBB4" box="[161,253,1053,1079]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1107,1132]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1087]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,181,1087]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 10. Map of the entire global distribution of records of B. kluanensis s. l.. Grey crosses are records for any Alpinobombus species; black crosses are records of B. neoboreus; overlayed with small white spots for specimens of B. kluanensis s. l.; large green spots for sequenced samples with the kluanensis s. str. alleles (collected 2010‒2016); small red spots for sequenced samples with the ‘unnamed2’ allele (collected 2015‒2017). Relief map with hill shading, with a Polar projection, and with the Arctic Circle and the USA (Alaska) / Canada (Yukon) international boundary shown as grey lines. North pointer and scale bar below, with an inset that shows the location of the detailed area of the global map. Image created in ArcGIS using World_Shad- ed_Relief basemap which is Copyright: © 2014 Esri." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268189/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figs. 10</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF825E26FEF65A707453FBB4" box="[265,365,1052,1079]" captionStart="FIGURES 104‒115" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1729,1754]" captionTargetBox="[332,1281,279,1666]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[276,1311,273,1710]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 104‒115. 104: Bombus kluanensis global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 105‒115 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 105 (#4473) Canada-Yukon; 106 (#4689) Canada-Yukon; 107 (#16) Canada-Yukon; 108 (#4393) USA-Alaska; 109 (#4466) Canada-Yukon; 110 (#4700) Canada-Yukon; 111 (#3130) Canada-Yukon; 112 (#4876) Canada-Yukon; 113 (#4882) Canada- Yukon; 114 (#4852) Canada-Yukon; 115 (#4881) Canada-Yukon." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268207/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">104‒115</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF825E26FE875A71749AFBB4" box="[376,420,1052,1079]" captionStart="FIGURES 129‒137" captionStartId="45.[151,264,1802,1827]" captionTargetBox="[171,1400,212,1747]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[151,1436,181,1782]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 129‒137. Morphology of the male genitalia for species of the subgenus Alpinobombus from the dorsal aspect, anterior to the left of the image, posterior to the right: 129 B. alpinus (#3824); 130 B pyrrhopygus (#3833); 131 B. polaris (#73); 132 B. balteatus (#3843); 133 B. kirbiellus (#3768); 134 B. neoboreus (#4387); 135 B. kluanensis (#4876); 136 B. natvigi (#81); 137 B. hyperboreus (#3821)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268213/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">135</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF825E26FE4F5A7074E4FBB4" box="[432,474,1053,1079]" captionStart="FIGURES 148‒149" captionStartId="52.[151,264,1900,1925]" captionTargetBox="[174,1413,166,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@52.[174,1413,166,1880]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 148‒149. Anterior / left lateral aspect of the lower part of the clypeus, the labrum, and the mandibles of males of: (148) B. neoboreus (#4867), showing the small orange hair patches at the base of the mandibles and the long dense posterior fringing black beard; (149) B. kluanensis (#4876), showing the large dense orange hair pads on the mandibles and the sparse orange hairs in the posterior fringing beard." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268223/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">149</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF825E26FF685A0F717EFBF9" blockId="38.[151,1436,1121,1238]" box="[151,1088,1121,1146]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
[
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF825E26FF5F5A0C7416FBFA" authorityName="Dalla Torre" authorityYear="1880" box="[160,296,1121,1145]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Megabombus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FF5F5A0C7416FBFA" box="[160,296,1121,1145]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Megabombus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FEC85A0C74E8FBFA" box="[311,470,1121,1145]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">M.&lt;egabombus</emphasis>
&gt;)
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF825E26FE0B5A0F778BFBFA" authority="(Cresson)" authorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" box="[500,693,1121,1145]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Megabombus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strenuus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FE0B5A0F7777FBFA" box="[500,585,1122,1145]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">strenuus</emphasis>
(Cresson)
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF825E26FD405A0C7645FBFA" author="Milliron" box="[703,891,1121,1146]" firstAuthor="Milliron" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="81 - 237" refId="ref46901" refString="Milliron, H. E. (1973) A monograph of the western hemisphere bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae; Bombinae). II. The genus Megabombus subgenus Megabombus. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 89, 81 - 237. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 10589 fv" type="journal article" year="1973">Milliron 1973:110</bibRefCitation>
, misidentification.]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF825E26FF685A1274CCFB1B" blockId="38.[151,1436,1121,1238]" box="[151,498,1151,1176]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
[unnamed
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF825E26FEFD5A1274D2FB1B" author="Williams" box="[258,492,1151,1176]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref51372" refString="Williams, P. H., Byvaltsev, A. M., Cederberg, B., Berezin, M. V., Odegaard, F., Rasmussen, C., et al. (2015) Genes suggest ancestral colour polymorphisms are shared across morphologically cryptic species in arctic bumblebees. PLoS ONE, 10, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0144544" type="journal article" year="2015">
Williams
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FE9A5AEC74A6FB1B" box="[357,408,1152,1176]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
2015: 3
</bibRefCitation>
]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FF825E26FF685AF27186FB55" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="245BD809FF825E26FF685AF27186FB55" blockId="38.[151,1436,1121,1238]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF825E26FF685AF276DDFB34" ID-CoL="MFM7" authority="Williams &amp; Cannings in Williams et al. 2016: 5" authorityName="Williams &amp; Cannings in Williams" authorityPageNumber="5" authorityYear="2016" box="[151,995,1182,1207]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kluanensis" subGenus="Alpinobombus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FF685AF2773CFB34" box="[151,514,1183,1207]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Bombus (Alpinobombus) kluanensis</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="948CD254FF825E26FDF75AF376DDFB34" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2273437255" box="[520,995,1182,1207]" collectionCode="NHMUK, PW" country="Canada" location="Outpost Mtn'" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yukon" typeStatus="holotype">
Williams &amp; Cannings in
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF825E26FCFE5AF376DDFB34" author="Williams, P. H. &amp; Cannings, S. G. &amp; Sheffield, C. S." box="[769,995,1182,1207]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 13" part="50" refId="ref51452" refString="Williams, P. H., Cannings, S. G. &amp; Sheffield, C. S. (2016) Cryptic subarctic diversity: a new bumblebee species from the Yukon and Alaska (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Journal of Natural History, 50, 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2016.1214294" title="Cryptic subarctic diversity: a new bumblebee species from the Yukon and Alaska (Hymenoptera, Apidae)" type="journal article" year="2016">
Williams
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FC9C5AF276B1FB34" box="[867,911,1183,1207]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al</emphasis>
. 2016:5
</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, type-locality citation ‘Outpost Mtn’.
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFF825E26FA9E5AF375CDFB55" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
queen (#16) by original designation, NHMUK examined PW, ‘
<location id="213B8ED2FF825E26FC8D5AD076C1FB56" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC4D691FFF825E29FF685D947775FEC1:213B8ED2FF825E26FC8D5AD076C1FB56" box="[882,1023,1213,1237]" country="Canada" name="Outpost Mtn'" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" stateProvince="Yukon">Outpost Mtn’</location>
(
<collectingRegion id="E62016EBFF825E26FBF45AD0716FFB55" box="[1035,1105,1213,1238]" country="Canada" name="Yukon" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Yukon</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF825E26FBA35AD07193FB55" box="[1116,1197,1213,1238]" name="Canada" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Canada</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FF825E26FF685B697603F801" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="245BD809FF825E26FF685B69760BFA51" blockId="38.[151,1437,1283,2030]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FF685B6974FBFA9D" bold="true" box="[151,453,1283,1310]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Taxonomy and variation.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF825E26FE325B697798FA9D" box="[461,678,1284,1310]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kluanensis">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FE325B697798FA9D" box="[461,678,1284,1310]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Bombus kluanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has long been considered part of
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF825E26FBD95B697184FA9D" authorityName="Williams &amp; Berezin &amp; Cannings &amp; Cederberg &amp; Ødegaard &amp; Rasmussen &amp; Richardson &amp; Rykken &amp; Sheffield &amp; Thanoosing &amp; Byvaltsev" authorityYear="2019" box="[1062,1210,1284,1310]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FBD95B697184FA9D" box="[1062,1210,1284,1310]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B. neoboreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but was recognized as a separate species based on evidence of a species coalescent in the COI gene and differences in the PEPCK gene as well as from differences in morphology (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF825E26FD755B217649FAE5" author="Williams" box="[650,887,1355,1382]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref51372" refString="Williams, P. H., Byvaltsev, A. M., Cederberg, B., Berezin, M. V., Odegaard, F., Rasmussen, C., et al. (2015) Genes suggest ancestral colour polymorphisms are shared across morphologically cryptic species in arctic bumblebees. PLoS ONE, 10, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0144544" type="journal article" year="2015">
Williams
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FD055B21760AFAE5" box="[762,820,1356,1382]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
; Williams, Cannings,
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FB8D5B217192FAE5" box="[1138,1196,1356,1382]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
2016). Support from bGMYC analysis for separation of
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FDD75B1D7602FA0A" box="[552,828,1392,1418]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF825E26FDD75B1D77FFFA09" box="[552,705,1392,1418]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kluanensis">B. kluanensis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF825E26FD315B1D7602FA0A" box="[718,828,1392,1417]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natvigi">B. natvigi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, and
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF825E26FC835B1D7119FA09" box="[892,1063,1392,1418]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FC835B1D7119FA09" box="[892,1063,1392,1418]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B. hyperboreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, was not as high as for the other species of
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF825E26FEED5BF9748AFA2D" authorityName="Kruger" authorityYear="1917" box="[274,436,1428,1454]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Alpinobombus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FEED5BF9748AFA2D" box="[274,436,1428,1454]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Alpinobombus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF825E26FE3B5BF9778AFA2D" author="Williams" box="[452,692,1427,1454]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref51372" refString="Williams, P. H., Byvaltsev, A. M., Cederberg, B., Berezin, M. V., Odegaard, F., Rasmussen, C., et al. (2015) Genes suggest ancestral colour polymorphisms are shared across morphologically cryptic species in arctic bumblebees. PLoS ONE, 10, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0144544" type="journal article" year="2015">
Williams
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FDCB5BF97751FA2D" box="[564,623,1428,1454]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
), but
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF825E26FD095BF976B3FA2D" box="[758,909,1428,1454]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kluanensis">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FD095BF976B3FA2D" box="[758,909,1428,1454]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B. kluanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF825E26FB245BF97074FA2E" box="[1243,1354,1428,1453]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natvigi">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FB245BF97074FA2E" box="[1243,1354,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B. natvigi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF825E26FA7B5BF9741CFA51" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FA7B5BF9741CFA51" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B. hyperboreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its social behaviour with abundant workers.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF825E26FF385BB17463F929" blockId="38.[151,1437,1283,2030]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF825E26FF385BB174A1FA75" box="[199,415,1500,1526]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kluanensis">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FF385BB174A1FA75" box="[199,415,1500,1526]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Bombus kluanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was first collected in 1913 by A. Pattison and H. Lambart as two queens from the Klutlan Glacier (
<collectingRegion id="E62016EBFF825E26FF07586D7479F998" box="[248,327,1536,1563]" country="Canada" name="Yukon" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Yukon</collectingRegion>
), which are now in the CNC (#2305, 2306). These specimens were included in Milliron’s review of the western hemisphere bumblebee fauna (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF825E26FD8758497626F9BD" author="Milliron" box="[632,792,1572,1598]" firstAuthor="Milliron" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="81 - 237" refId="ref46901" refString="Milliron, H. E. (1973) A monograph of the western hemisphere bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae; Bombinae). II. The genus Megabombus subgenus Megabombus. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 89, 81 - 237. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 10589 fv" type="journal article" year="1973">Milliron 1973</bibRefCitation>
) as part of
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF825E26FC6658497146F9BD" authority="Cresson" authorityName="Cresson" box="[921,1144,1572,1598]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Megabombus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strenuus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FC6658497129F9BE" box="[921,1047,1572,1597]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B. strenuus</emphasis>
Cresson
</taxonomicName>
(a junior secondary homonym in
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF825E26FF045825746BF9E1" authorityName="Putnami Cresson" authorityYear="1878" box="[251,341,1608,1634]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FF045825746BF9E1" box="[251,341,1608,1634]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Bombus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF825E26FE845825775AF9E0" authority="Harris" authorityName="Harris" box="[379,612,1608,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Apis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strenuus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FE845825772CF9E2" box="[379,530,1608,1634]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Apis strenuus</emphasis>
Harris
</taxonomicName>
), the name used by
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF825E26FCBD582576CFF9E1" author="Milliron" box="[834,1009,1608,1634]" firstAuthor="Milliron" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="81 - 237" refId="ref46901" refString="Milliron, H. E. (1973) A monograph of the western hemisphere bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae; Bombinae). II. The genus Megabombus subgenus Megabombus. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 89, 81 - 237. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 10589 fv" type="journal article" year="1973">Milliron (1973)</bibRefCitation>
for
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF825E26FBDE5825718AF9E1" authorityName="Williams &amp; Berezin &amp; Cannings &amp; Cederberg &amp; Ødegaard &amp; Rasmussen &amp; Richardson &amp; Rykken &amp; Sheffield &amp; Thanoosing &amp; Byvaltsev" authorityYear="2019" box="[1057,1204,1608,1634]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FBDE5825718AF9E1" box="[1057,1204,1608,1634]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B. neoboreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. According to labels on the two specimens, both were also identified by R.B. Miller in 1987 as ‘
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF825E26FC1F58017163F906" box="[992,1117,1644,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Apis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strenuus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FC1F58017163F906" box="[992,1117,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B. strenuus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Cresson’ (see the comments on
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF825E26FF4558FD7473F929" authorityName="Williams &amp; Berezin &amp; Cannings &amp; Cederberg &amp; Ødegaard &amp; Rasmussen &amp; Richardson &amp; Rykken &amp; Sheffield &amp; Thanoosing &amp; Byvaltsev" authorityYear="2019" box="[186,333,1680,1706]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FF4558FD7473F929" box="[186,333,1680,1706]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B. neoboreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF825E26FF3858D97603F801" blockId="38.[151,1437,1283,2030]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
In
<date id="505AFEC9FF825E26FF1A58D974B0F94D" box="[229,398,1716,1742]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1971" valueMax="1972">1971 and 1972</date>
, L.W. Macior collected a series of
<specimenCount id="32E21380FF825E26FCEF58D9764BF94D" box="[784,885,1716,1742]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="queen">18 queen</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="32E21380FF825E26FC5458D97114F94D" box="[939,1066,1716,1742]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="worker">222 worker</specimenCount>
specimens of
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF825E26FB3558D97061F94D" box="[1226,1375,1716,1742]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kluanensis">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FB3558D97061F94D" box="[1226,1375,1716,1742]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B. kluanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Kluane (
<collectingRegion id="E62016EBFF825E26FF0958B5747BF970" box="[246,325,1752,1779]" country="Canada" name="Yukon" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Yukon</collectingRegion>
), which are now in the NMNH collection (#4409‒4454, 4457‒4468, 4473, 4475‒4507, 4509‒4518, 4530‒4554, 4556‒4613, 4615‒4621, 4625‒4628, 4637‒4661, 4664, 4666, 4670‒4675, 4681‒4684, 4686, 4689, 4691‒4692, 4696‒4697, 4700). These specimens were not included by
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF825E26FC55594D7165F8B9" author="Milliron" box="[938,1115,1824,1850]" firstAuthor="Milliron" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="81 - 237" refId="ref46901" refString="Milliron, H. E. (1973) A monograph of the western hemisphere bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae; Bombinae). II. The genus Megabombus subgenus Megabombus. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 89, 81 - 237. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 10589 fv" type="journal article" year="1973">Milliron (1973)</bibRefCitation>
. According to labels on these specimens, they were again identified by R.B. Miller in 1986 as ‘
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF825E26FC96592976DBF8DE" box="[873,997,1860,1885]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Apis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strenuus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FC96592976DBF8DE" box="[873,997,1860,1885]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B. strenuus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Cresson’ (=
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF825E26FB8D5929703AF8DD" authorityName="Williams &amp; Berezin &amp; Cannings &amp; Cederberg &amp; Ødegaard &amp; Rasmussen &amp; Richardson &amp; Rykken &amp; Sheffield &amp; Thanoosing &amp; Byvaltsev" authorityYear="2019" box="[1138,1284,1860,1886]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FB8D5929703AF8DD" box="[1138,1284,1860,1886]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B. neoboreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The Kluane specimens were not examined by one of us (PW) until 2015.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FF825E28FF3859E170BFF808" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="description">
<paragraph id="245BD809FF825E27FF3859E17155FF78" blockId="38.[151,1437,1283,2030]" lastBlockId="39.[151,1437,152,251]" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF825E26FF3859E174A1F825" box="[199,415,1932,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kluanensis">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FF3859E174A1F825" box="[199,415,1932,1958]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Bombus kluanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was first recognized as different from
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF825E26FCA659E176D3F825" authorityName="Williams &amp; Berezin &amp; Cannings &amp; Cederberg &amp; Ødegaard &amp; Rasmussen &amp; Richardson &amp; Rykken &amp; Sheffield &amp; Thanoosing &amp; Byvaltsev" authorityYear="2019" box="[857,1005,1932,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF825E26FCA659E176D3F825" box="[857,1005,1932,1958]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B. neoboreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by one of us (PW) from the COI barcodes of two specimens collected by SC in the Saint Elias Mountains of the
<collectingRegion id="E62016EBFF825E26FC0059DD7176F849" box="[1023,1096,1968,1994]" country="Canada" name="Yukon" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Yukon</collectingRegion>
during 2010 (#16, 17). These barcodes were later matched with others for specimens from
<collectingRegion id="E62016EBFF825E26FCBD59B976AEF86D" box="[834,912,2004,2030]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Alaska</collectingRegion>
(#4392‒4394). In a subsequent guide to North American bumblebees,
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF835E27FE605EF477F9FF30" author="Williams" box="[415,711,152,179]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref51722" refString="Williams, P. H., Thorp, R. W., Richardson, L. L. &amp; Colla, S. R. (2014) Bumble bees of North America. An identification guide. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 208 pp." type="book" year="2014">
Williams
<emphasis id="1690041BFF835E27FDF35EF77703FF30" box="[524,573,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
. (2014:105)
</bibRefCitation>
described this observation as ‘Evidence from DNA barcodes appears to show that this species [then
<emphasis id="1690041BFF835E27FDC55ED377C1FF54" box="[570,767,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF835E27FDC55ED377F0FF54" authority="Williams &amp; Berezin &amp; Cannings &amp; Cederberg &amp; Ødegaard &amp; Rasmussen &amp; Richardson &amp; Rykken &amp; Sheffield &amp; Thanoosing &amp; Byvaltsev, 2019" authorityName="Williams &amp; Berezin &amp; Cannings &amp; Cederberg &amp; Ødegaard &amp; Rasmussen &amp; Richardson &amp; Rykken &amp; Sheffield &amp; Thanoosing &amp; Byvaltsev" authorityYear="2019" box="[570,718,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="neoboreus">B. neoboreus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DA3B960FF835E27FD295ED377C1FF54" box="[726,767,189,215]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" sensu="lato">s. l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
] is not a single natural group (i.e., it is paraphyletic [when including
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF835E27FEF75E8F74A3FF78" box="[264,413,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kluanensis">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF835E27FEF75E8F74A3FF78" box="[264,413,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">B. kluanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]) without including
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF835E27FD7B5E8F7610FF78" box="[644,814,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF835E27FD7B5E8F7610FF78" box="[644,814,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">B. hyperboreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<emphasis id="1690041BFF835E27FCC05E8F7661FF78" box="[831,863,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">s. l</emphasis>
., including
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF835E27FC1A5E8F716CFF78" box="[997,1106,226,251]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natvigi">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF835E27FC1A5E8F716CFF78" box="[997,1106,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">B. natvigi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]’.
</paragraph>
<caption id="709B8881FF835E27FF6858AC7613F8C5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268207/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" startId="39.[151,264,1729,1754]" targetBox="[332,1281,279,1666]" targetPageId="39">
<paragraph id="245BD809FF835E27FF6858AC7613F8C5" blockId="39.[151,1437,1729,1862]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF835E27FF6858AC745BF959" bold="true" box="[151,357,1729,1754]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">FIGURES 104‒115</emphasis>
. 104:
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF835E27FE5A58AF7756F959" box="[421,616,1730,1754]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kluanensis">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF835E27FE5A58AF7756F959" box="[421,616,1730,1754]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Bombus kluanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 105
<emphasis id="1690041BFF835E27FC0658AF7138F959" bold="true" box="[1017,1030,1730,1754]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">‒</emphasis>
115 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16
<emphasis id="1690041BFF835E27FA9858AF704AF959" bold="true" box="[1383,1396,1730,1754]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">‒</emphasis>
21): 105 (#4473) Canada-Yukon; 106 (#4689) Canada-Yukon; 107 (#16) Canada-Yukon; 108 (#4393) USA-Alaska; 109 (#4466) Canada-Yukon; 110 (#4700) Canada-Yukon; 111 (#3130) Canada-Yukon; 112 (#4876) Canada-Yukon; 113 (#4882) Canada- Yukon; 114 (#4852) Canada-Yukon; 115 (#4881) Canada-Yukon.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF835E28FF38591977DFFDE0" blockId="39.[151,1437,1908,2042]" lastBlockId="40.[151,1437,153,2039]" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Six specimens collected in
<date id="505AFEC9FF835E27FDFF59197740F80D" box="[512,638,1908,1934]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="2010" valueMax="2016">2010‒2016</date>
(#16, 17, 4392‒4394, 4870: geographical distribution mapped in
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF835E27FA8F59197589F831" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1107,1132]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1087]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,181,1087]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 10. Map of the entire global distribution of records of B. kluanensis s. l.. Grey crosses are records for any Alpinobombus species; black crosses are records of B. neoboreus; overlayed with small white spots for specimens of B. kluanensis s. l.; large green spots for sequenced samples with the kluanensis s. str. alleles (collected 2010‒2016); small red spots for sequenced samples with the ‘unnamed2’ allele (collected 2015‒2017). Relief map with hill shading, with a Polar projection, and with the Arctic Circle and the USA (Alaska) / Canada (Yukon) international boundary shown as grey lines. North pointer and scale bar below, with an inset that shows the location of the detailed area of the global map. Image created in ArcGIS using World_Shad- ed_Relief basemap which is Copyright: © 2014 Esri." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268189/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
: green spots) were sequenced for COI barcodes and found to differ from
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF835E27FC1159F471BFF831" authorityName="Williams &amp; Berezin &amp; Cannings &amp; Cederberg &amp; Ødegaard &amp; Rasmussen &amp; Richardson &amp; Rykken &amp; Sheffield &amp; Thanoosing &amp; Byvaltsev" authorityYear="2019" box="[1006,1153,1944,1970]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF835E27FC1159F471BFF831" box="[1006,1153,1944,1970]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">B. neoboreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at 18 COI base positions and at three PEPCK base positions (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF835E27FDD159D17626F855" author="Williams" box="[558,792,1979,2006]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref51372" refString="Williams, P. H., Byvaltsev, A. M., Cederberg, B., Berezin, M. V., Odegaard, F., Rasmussen, C., et al. (2015) Genes suggest ancestral colour polymorphisms are shared across morphologically cryptic species in arctic bumblebees. PLoS ONE, 10, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0144544" type="journal article" year="2015">
Williams
<emphasis id="1690041BFF835E27FD6259D077E8F855" box="[669,726,1980,2006]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
; Williams, Cannings,
<emphasis id="1690041BFF835E27FBEF59D07177F855" box="[1040,1097,1980,2006]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al.</emphasis>
2016). These specimens were described under the name
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF835E27FE42598C776DF879" box="[445,595,2016,2042]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kluanensis">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF835E27FE42598C776DF879" box="[445,595,2016,2042]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">B. kluanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFF835E27FD9E598D77FBF879" box="[609,709,2016,2042]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
specimen #16,
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF835E27FC8A598D76E8F879" box="[885,982,2016,2042]" captionStart="FIGURES 104‒115" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1729,1754]" captionTargetBox="[332,1281,279,1666]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[276,1311,273,1710]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 104‒115. 104: Bombus kluanensis global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 105‒115 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 105 (#4473) Canada-Yukon; 106 (#4689) Canada-Yukon; 107 (#16) Canada-Yukon; 108 (#4393) USA-Alaska; 109 (#4466) Canada-Yukon; 110 (#4700) Canada-Yukon; 111 (#3130) Canada-Yukon; 112 (#4876) Canada-Yukon; 113 (#4882) Canada- Yukon; 114 (#4852) Canada-Yukon; 115 (#4881) Canada-Yukon." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268207/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 107</figureCitation>
), along with many of the specimens col- lected earlier that had not previously been recognized as a separate species. Females of
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8C5E28FBA45EF771D1FF30" box="[1115,1263,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kluanensis">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8C5E28FBA45EF771D1FF30" box="[1115,1263,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">B. kluanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
identified from COI have the oculo-malar area (cheek) longer (1.31‒1.40 times longer than the breadth of the mandible at its base) than in
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8C5E28FF115E8F74BDFF78" authorityName="Williams &amp; Berezin &amp; Cannings &amp; Cederberg &amp; Ødegaard &amp; Rasmussen &amp; Richardson &amp; Rykken &amp; Sheffield &amp; Thanoosing &amp; Byvaltsev" authorityYear="2019" box="[238,387,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8C5E28FF115E8F74BDFF78" box="[238,387,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">B. neoboreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(1.12‒1.21 times longer than broad) as reported by
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8C5E28FC2A5E8C71EDFF7F" author="Williams, P. H. &amp; Cannings, S. G. &amp; Sheffield, C. S." box="[981,1235,225,252]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 13" part="50" refId="ref51452" refString="Williams, P. H., Cannings, S. G. &amp; Sheffield, C. S. (2016) Cryptic subarctic diversity: a new bumblebee species from the Yukon and Alaska (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Journal of Natural History, 50, 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2016.1214294" title="Cryptic subarctic diversity: a new bumblebee species from the Yukon and Alaska (Hymenoptera, Apidae)" type="journal article" year="2016">
Williams
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8C5E28FBBC5E8F714BFF78" box="[1091,1141,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al</emphasis>
. (2016)
</bibRefCitation>
. Compared to the pale colour pattern of
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8C5E28FE735F6B7721FE9C" authorityName="Williams &amp; Berezin &amp; Cannings &amp; Cederberg &amp; Ødegaard &amp; Rasmussen &amp; Richardson &amp; Rykken &amp; Sheffield &amp; Thanoosing &amp; Byvaltsev" authorityYear="2019" box="[396,543,261,287]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8C5E28FE735F6B7721FE9C" box="[396,543,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">B. neoboreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(colour pattern
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8C5E28FD2F5F6B7610FE9C" box="[720,814,262,287]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Apis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strenuus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8C5E28FD2F5F6B7610FE9C" box="[720,814,262,287]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">strenuus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), for
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8C5E28FC935F6B713EFE9C" box="[876,1024,261,287]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kluanensis">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8C5E28FC935F6B713EFE9C" box="[876,1024,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">B. kluanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
females have the upper two thirds of the side of the thorax is yellow but with few or many black hairs intermixed, T3 is yellow but often with black hairs intermixed anteriorly (whereas both of these areas have few black hairs in many
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8C5E28FBF15F23719EFEE4" authorityName="Williams &amp; Berezin &amp; Cannings &amp; Cederberg &amp; Ødegaard &amp; Rasmussen &amp; Richardson &amp; Rykken &amp; Sheffield &amp; Thanoosing &amp; Byvaltsev" authorityYear="2019" box="[1038,1184,333,359]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8C5E28FBF15F23719EFEE4" box="[1038,1184,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">B. neoboreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and T4‒6 are usually entirely black (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8C5E28FEC05F1C74DDFE08" box="[319,483,369,395]" captionStart="FIGURES 104‒115" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1729,1754]" captionTargetBox="[332,1281,279,1666]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[276,1311,273,1710]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 104‒115. 104: Bombus kluanensis global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 105‒115 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 105 (#4473) Canada-Yukon; 106 (#4689) Canada-Yukon; 107 (#16) Canada-Yukon; 108 (#4393) USA-Alaska; 109 (#4466) Canada-Yukon; 110 (#4700) Canada-Yukon; 111 (#3130) Canada-Yukon; 112 (#4876) Canada-Yukon; 113 (#4882) Canada- Yukon; 114 (#4852) Canada-Yukon; 115 (#4881) Canada-Yukon." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268207/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Figs. 107‒109</figureCitation>
), rarely with many orange hairs on T5‒6 (e.g. L. Macior specimens in
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8C5E28FB0C5F1C70AAFE08" box="[1267,1428,368,395]" captionStart="FIGURES 104‒115" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1729,1754]" captionTargetBox="[332,1281,279,1666]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[276,1311,273,1710]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 104‒115. 104: Bombus kluanensis global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 105‒115 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 105 (#4473) Canada-Yukon; 106 (#4689) Canada-Yukon; 107 (#16) Canada-Yukon; 108 (#4393) USA-Alaska; 109 (#4466) Canada-Yukon; 110 (#4700) Canada-Yukon; 111 (#3130) Canada-Yukon; 112 (#4876) Canada-Yukon; 113 (#4882) Canada- Yukon; 114 (#4852) Canada-Yukon; 115 (#4881) Canada-Yukon." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268207/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Figs. 105‒106</figureCitation>
) (T5‒6 usually have at least a few orange hairs in
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8C5E28FD2F5FFB765BFE2C" authorityName="Williams &amp; Berezin &amp; Cannings &amp; Cederberg &amp; Ødegaard &amp; Rasmussen &amp; Richardson &amp; Rykken &amp; Sheffield &amp; Thanoosing &amp; Byvaltsev" authorityYear="2019" box="[720,869,405,431]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8C5E28FD2F5FFB765BFE2C" box="[720,869,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">B. neoboreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8C5E28FC895FF87112FE2C" box="[886,1068,405,431]" captionStart="FIGURES 89‒103" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1863,1888]" captionTargetBox="[256,1361,173,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[200,1386,166,1844]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 89‒103. 89: Bombus neoboreus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 90‒103 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 90 (#68) USA-Alaska; 91 (#4706) Canada-Nunavut; 92 (#3816) Canada-Yukon; 93 (#3819) USA-Alaska; 94 (#2055) Canada-Nunavut; 95 (#2058) Canada-Nunavut; 96 (#2071) Canada-Nunavut; 97 (#2051) Canada-Nunavut; 98 (#4406) Canada-Nunavut; 99 (#90) Canada-Nunavut; 100 (#92) Canada-Nunavut; 101 (#93) Canada-Yukon; 102 (#3762) Canada-Nunavut; 103 (#91) Canada-Nunavut." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268205/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Figs. 90, 92‒93</figureCitation>
). The first worker recognised of
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8C5E28FF685FD77413FE50" box="[151,301,441,467]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kluanensis">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8C5E28FF685FD77413FE50" box="[151,301,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">B. kluanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(#17) has the hair of T6 predominantly orange. Compared to the dark colour pattern of
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8C5E28FAF65FD770A3FE50" authorityName="Williams &amp; Berezin &amp; Cannings &amp; Cederberg &amp; Ødegaard &amp; Rasmussen &amp; Richardson &amp; Rykken &amp; Sheffield &amp; Thanoosing &amp; Byvaltsev" authorityYear="2019" box="[1289,1437,441,467]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8C5E28FAF65FD770A3FE50" box="[1289,1437,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">B. neoboreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8C5E28FF5E5FB07462FE74" box="[161,348,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8C5E28FF5E5FB0742BFE74" authority="Williams &amp; Berezin &amp; Cannings &amp; Cederberg &amp; Ødegaard &amp; Rasmussen &amp; Richardson &amp; Rykken &amp; Sheffield &amp; Thanoosing &amp; Byvaltsev, 2019" authorityName="Williams &amp; Berezin &amp; Cannings &amp; Cederberg &amp; Ødegaard &amp; Rasmussen &amp; Richardson &amp; Rykken &amp; Sheffield &amp; Thanoosing &amp; Byvaltsev" authorityYear="2019" box="[161,277,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="neoboreus">neoboreus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DA3B960FF8C5E28FEE15FB37462FE74" box="[286,348,478,503]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
), for
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8C5E28FE5E5FB37707FE74" box="[417,569,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kluanensis">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8C5E28FE5E5FB37707FE74" box="[417,569,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">B. kluanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the scutellum always has a broad yellow band (Williams, Cannings,
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8C5E28FA9E5FB370A3FE74" box="[1377,1437,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
2016). Two older females (L. Macior specimens in
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8C5E28FD245C6C7642FD98" box="[731,892,513,539]" captionStart="FIGURES 104‒115" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1729,1754]" captionTargetBox="[332,1281,279,1666]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[276,1311,273,1710]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 104‒115. 104: Bombus kluanensis global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 105‒115 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 105 (#4473) Canada-Yukon; 106 (#4689) Canada-Yukon; 107 (#16) Canada-Yukon; 108 (#4393) USA-Alaska; 109 (#4466) Canada-Yukon; 110 (#4700) Canada-Yukon; 111 (#3130) Canada-Yukon; 112 (#4876) Canada-Yukon; 113 (#4882) Canada- Yukon; 114 (#4852) Canada-Yukon; 115 (#4881) Canada-Yukon." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268207/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Figs. 110‒111</figureCitation>
), tentatively associated with
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8C5E28FB3C5C6F7066FD98" box="[1219,1368,513,539]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kluanensis">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8C5E28FB3C5C6F7066FD98" box="[1219,1368,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">B. kluanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, have T3 and the side of the thorax almost entirely black, resembling
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8C5E28FCAA5C4B76FCFDBC" box="[853,962,550,575]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natvigi">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8C5E28FCAA5C4B76FCFDBC" box="[853,962,550,575]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">B. natvigi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. For an analysis of the principal aspects of the colour polymorphism see
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8C5E28FE1B5C2577E3FDE0" author="Williams" box="[484,733,584,611]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref51372" refString="Williams, P. H., Byvaltsev, A. M., Cederberg, B., Berezin, M. V., Odegaard, F., Rasmussen, C., et al. (2015) Genes suggest ancestral colour polymorphisms are shared across morphologically cryptic species in arctic bumblebees. PLoS ONE, 10, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0144544" type="journal article" year="2015">
Williams
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8C5E28FDAF5C2477BFFDE1" box="[592,641,584,610]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al</emphasis>
. (2015)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF8C5E28FF385C01701AFD73" blockId="40.[151,1437,153,2039]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
Another
<specimenCount id="32E21380FF8C5E28FED05C0674F3FD05" box="[303,461,619,646]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="generic">15 specimens</specimenCount>
collected in
<date id="505AFEC9FF8C5E28FD935C0677D3FD05" box="[620,749,619,646]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="2015" valueMax="2017">2015‒2017</date>
, (#4849‒4855, 4869, 4872, 4873, 4979‒4984: distribution mapped in
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8C5E28FEEC5CE27458FD2A" box="[275,358,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1107,1132]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1087]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,181,1087]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 10. Map of the entire global distribution of records of B. kluanensis s. l.. Grey crosses are records for any Alpinobombus species; black crosses are records of B. neoboreus; overlayed with small white spots for specimens of B. kluanensis s. l.; large green spots for sequenced samples with the kluanensis s. str. alleles (collected 2010‒2016); small red spots for sequenced samples with the ‘unnamed2’ allele (collected 2015‒2017). Relief map with hill shading, with a Polar projection, and with the Arctic Circle and the USA (Alaska) / Canada (Yukon) international boundary shown as grey lines. North pointer and scale bar below, with an inset that shows the location of the detailed area of the global map. Image created in ArcGIS using World_Shad- ed_Relief basemap which is Copyright: © 2014 Esri." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268189/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
: red spots) that appeared from morphology to be
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8C5E28FC755CFD7121FD2A" box="[906,1055,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kluanensis">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8C5E28FC755CFD7121FD2A" box="[906,1055,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">B. kluanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were barcoded but found to differ from the earlier sequences of
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8C5E28FE1D5CD97786FD4E" box="[482,696,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8C5E28FE1D5CD97748FD4E" authority="Williams &amp; Berezin &amp; Cannings &amp; Cederberg &amp; Ødegaard &amp; Rasmussen &amp; Richardson &amp; Rykken &amp; Sheffield &amp; Thanoosing &amp; Byvaltsev, 2019" authorityName="Williams &amp; Berezin &amp; Cannings &amp; Cederberg &amp; Ødegaard &amp; Rasmussen &amp; Richardson &amp; Rykken &amp; Sheffield &amp; Thanoosing &amp; Byvaltsev" authorityYear="2019" box="[482,630,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="kluanensis">B. kluanensis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DA3B960FF8C5E28FD825CD97786FD4E" box="[637,696,692,717]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
at 10 COI base positions. This is sufficient for the PTP analysis to show that they might represent a separate candidate species (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8C5E28FCBF5CBB76BAFD73" box="[832,900,726,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1663,1688]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,563,1642]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,561,1644]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. Estimate of the metric gene tree for the 54 longest unique COI-barcode alleles of the subgenus Alpinobombus from MrBayes combined with the Bayesian Poisson-tree-process (PTP) solution with the highest support with spots showing the nodes with the strongest support as coalescents for candidate species (outgroup B. ignitus not shown). Values above the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities showing branch support for groups; values below the nodes are PTP Bayesian support values that all daughter alleles are parts of a single species (probabilities within candidate species are all ≤ 0.44). The scale bar is calibrated in substitutions per nucleotide site. Each unique allele is represented by one of the longest available sample sequences, labelled with: the sequence length in number of nucleotides, a taxon name or name describing an unpublished colour pattern, and then a code that consists of a specimen identifier (AL#n) from the project database and (after the hyphen) a sample identifier from BOLD or GenBank, followed with its geographic origin (for simplicity Greenland is included without Denmark)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268187/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
), which is labelled here ‘unnamed2’.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF8C5E28FF385C977469FCFD" blockId="40.[151,1437,153,2039]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
Morphological and colour characters in the keys distinguish all species of
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8C5E28FBFD5C97719AFC97" authorityName="Kruger" authorityYear="1917" box="[1026,1188,762,788]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Alpinobombus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8C5E28FBFD5C97719AFC97" box="[1026,1188,762,788]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Alpinobombus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but do not distinguish between individuals with the two COI alleles. Furthermore, differences in 16S distinguish among all species of
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8C5E28FA9B5D707434FCD8" authorityName="Kruger" authorityYear="1917" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Alpinobombus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8C5E28FA9B5D707434FCD8" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Alpinobombus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but do not distinguish between individuals with the two COI alleles,
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8C5E28FBF25D2F71DCFCD8" box="[1037,1250,833,859]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8C5E28FBF25D2F719FFCD8" authority="Williams &amp; Berezin &amp; Cannings &amp; Cederberg &amp; Ødegaard &amp; Rasmussen &amp; Richardson &amp; Rykken &amp; Sheffield &amp; Thanoosing &amp; Byvaltsev, 2019" authorityName="Williams &amp; Berezin &amp; Cannings &amp; Cederberg &amp; Ødegaard &amp; Rasmussen &amp; Richardson &amp; Rykken &amp; Sheffield &amp; Thanoosing &amp; Byvaltsev" authorityYear="2019" box="[1037,1185,833,859]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="kluanensis">B. kluanensis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DA3B960FF8C5E28FB575D2F71DCFCD8" box="[1192,1250,834,859]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and ‘unnamed2’ (see the Results).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF8C5E28FF385DE57781FBFB" blockId="40.[151,1437,153,2039]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
The most likely explanation is paralogy in COI (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8C5E28FD1C5DE5760CFC21" box="[739,818,904,930]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1663,1688]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,563,1642]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,561,1644]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. Estimate of the metric gene tree for the 54 longest unique COI-barcode alleles of the subgenus Alpinobombus from MrBayes combined with the Bayesian Poisson-tree-process (PTP) solution with the highest support with spots showing the nodes with the strongest support as coalescents for candidate species (outgroup B. ignitus not shown). Values above the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities showing branch support for groups; values below the nodes are PTP Bayesian support values that all daughter alleles are parts of a single species (probabilities within candidate species are all ≤ 0.44). The scale bar is calibrated in substitutions per nucleotide site. Each unique allele is represented by one of the longest available sample sequences, labelled with: the sequence length in number of nucleotides, a taxon name or name describing an unpublished colour pattern, and then a code that consists of a specimen identifier (AL#n) from the project database and (after the hyphen) a sample identifier from BOLD or GenBank, followed with its geographic origin (for simplicity Greenland is included without Denmark)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268187/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8C5E28FCC15DE57667FC21" box="[830,857,904,930]" captionStart="FIGURES 11‒13" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1307,1332]" captionTargetBox="[196,1436,515,1252]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,489,1288]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 11‒13. 11: gene trees for COI; 12: gene trees for 16S; and 13: species trees from *BEAST analysis of data from Thanoosing (2017) displayed using Densitree. Each plot shows the background density of trees from samples of 10,000 Bayesian trees, with the summary ‘root canal’ tree superimposed as a thick line, and the branches exclusively linking samples of B. kluanensis s. l. (#4850, 4869, 4870, 4873) traced in red." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268191/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">11</figureCitation>
) with incomplete lineage sorting and mitochondrial heteroplasmy (see the Results). In our data,
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8C5E28FD6A5DC1764AFC46" box="[661,884,939,965]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8C5E28FD6A5DC17613FC46" authority="Williams &amp; Berezin &amp; Cannings &amp; Cederberg &amp; Ødegaard &amp; Rasmussen &amp; Richardson &amp; Rykken &amp; Sheffield &amp; Thanoosing &amp; Byvaltsev, 2019" authorityName="Williams &amp; Berezin &amp; Cannings &amp; Cederberg &amp; Ødegaard &amp; Rasmussen &amp; Richardson &amp; Rykken &amp; Sheffield &amp; Thanoosing &amp; Byvaltsev" authorityYear="2019" box="[661,813,939,965]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="kluanensis">B. kluanensis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DA3B960FF8C5E28FCC85DC1764AFC46" box="[823,884,940,965]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and ‘unnamed2’ uniquely within
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8C5E28FB055DC670A2FC46" authorityName="Kruger" authorityYear="1917" box="[1274,1436,939,965]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Alpinobombus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8C5E28FB055DC670A2FC46" box="[1274,1436,939,965]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Alpinobombus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
show two gel bands and one individual (#4850) appears to have yielded both the
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8C5E28FBBC5DA27187FC6A" authority="Williams &amp; Berezin &amp; Cannings &amp; Cederberg &amp; Ødegaard &amp; Rasmussen &amp; Richardson &amp; Rykken &amp; Sheffield &amp; Thanoosing &amp; Byvaltsev, 2019" authorityName="Williams &amp; Berezin &amp; Cannings &amp; Cederberg &amp; Ødegaard &amp; Rasmussen &amp; Richardson &amp; Rykken &amp; Sheffield &amp; Thanoosing &amp; Byvaltsev" authorityYear="2019" box="[1091,1209,975,1001]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="kluanensis">kluanensis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DA3B960FF8C5E28FB3C5DA2703CFC6A" box="[1219,1282,975,1001]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8C5E28FB3C5DA271C2FC6B" box="[1219,1276,975,1000]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">s. str</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(as sequence NHM-CT-4850) and the ‘unnamed2’ (as sequence CCDB-25141-A05) alleles. The geographical distributions of the two alleles are broadly coincident, showing no obvious pattern of geographical segregation (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8C5E28FB685A7B71D4FBB3" box="[1175,1258,1046,1072]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1107,1132]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1087]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,181,1087]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 10. Map of the entire global distribution of records of B. kluanensis s. l.. Grey crosses are records for any Alpinobombus species; black crosses are records of B. neoboreus; overlayed with small white spots for specimens of B. kluanensis s. l.; large green spots for sequenced samples with the kluanensis s. str. alleles (collected 2010‒2016); small red spots for sequenced samples with the ‘unnamed2’ allele (collected 2015‒2017). Relief map with hill shading, with a Polar projection, and with the Arctic Circle and the USA (Alaska) / Canada (Yukon) international boundary shown as grey lines. North pointer and scale bar below, with an inset that shows the location of the detailed area of the global map. Image created in ArcGIS using World_Shad- ed_Relief basemap which is Copyright: © 2014 Esri." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268189/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). Consequently, until more information is available, we regard ‘unnamed2’ as likely to be conspecific with
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8C5E28FB665A567061FBD7" box="[1177,1375,1082,1108]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8C5E28FB665A567011FBD7" authority="Williams &amp; Berezin &amp; Cannings &amp; Cederberg &amp; Ødegaard &amp; Rasmussen &amp; Richardson &amp; Rykken &amp; Sheffield &amp; Thanoosing &amp; Byvaltsev, 2019" authorityName="Williams &amp; Berezin &amp; Cannings &amp; Cederberg &amp; Ødegaard &amp; Rasmussen &amp; Richardson &amp; Rykken &amp; Sheffield &amp; Thanoosing &amp; Byvaltsev" authorityYear="2019" box="[1177,1327,1082,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="kluanensis">B. kluanensis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DA3B960FF8C5E28FAC95A567061FBD7" box="[1334,1375,1082,1108]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" sensu="lato">s. l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8C5E28FA905A57758DFBFB" captionStart="FIGURES 11‒13" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1307,1332]" captionTargetBox="[196,1436,515,1252]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,489,1288]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 11‒13. 11: gene trees for COI; 12: gene trees for 16S; and 13: species trees from *BEAST analysis of data from Thanoosing (2017) displayed using Densitree. Each plot shows the background density of trees from samples of 10,000 Bayesian trees, with the summary ‘root canal’ tree superimposed as a thick line, and the branches exclusively linking samples of B. kluanensis s. l. (#4850, 4869, 4870, 4873) traced in red." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268191/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
). Further investigation of this taxon is needed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF8C5E28FF385AEC70BFF808" blockId="40.[151,1437,153,2039]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8C5E28FF385AEC74E0FB1F" bold="true" box="[199,478,1153,1180]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Description of the male</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8C5E28FE135AEF7748FB1F" box="[492,630,1154,1180]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Morphology</emphasis>
. Body length
<quantity id="E31C75ECFF8C5E28FCE85AEF76ADFB1E" box="[791,915,1154,1181]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="18.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="16.0">16‒20 mm</quantity>
. Hair (pubescence) moderately long and even, wings clear. Mandible with the posterior fringe (‘beard’) unusually sparse, the outer surface of the mandible nearly covered with an extremely dense thick brush of moderately long, plumose, pale orange hair (which may appear dark if matted) forming a pronounced thick dense rounded pad extending from the basal mandibular articulations to just short of the apical mandibular teeth (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8C5E28FDC75B7C77A5FAA8" box="[568,667,1297,1323]" captionStart="FIGURES 148‒149" captionStartId="52.[151,264,1900,1925]" captionTargetBox="[174,1413,166,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@52.[174,1413,166,1880]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 148‒149. Anterior / left lateral aspect of the lower part of the clypeus, the labrum, and the mandibles of males of: (148) B. neoboreus (#4867), showing the small orange hair patches at the base of the mandibles and the long dense posterior fringing black beard; (149) B. kluanensis (#4876), showing the large dense orange hair pads on the mandibles and the sparse orange hairs in the posterior fringing beard." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268223/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 149</figureCitation>
: it is unknown whether this unique structure has a special function). Oculo-malar area long, 2.1× longer (length measured between the ventral edge of the compound eye and the edge of the malar area at the articulation of the mandible midway between the mandibular condyles) than the breadth of the mandible at its base (breadth between and including the mandibular condyles). Eye similar in relative size and shape to the eye of any female bumblebee. Antenna of medium length, the flagellum 3× longer than the scape. Genitalia (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8C5E28FF5F5BAF75C1FA5F" box="[160,255,1473,1500]" captionStart="FIGURES 129‒137" captionStartId="45.[151,264,1802,1827]" captionTargetBox="[171,1400,212,1747]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[151,1436,181,1782]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 129‒137. Morphology of the male genitalia for species of the subgenus Alpinobombus from the dorsal aspect, anterior to the left of the image, posterior to the right: 129 B. alpinus (#3824); 130 B pyrrhopygus (#3833); 131 B. polaris (#73); 132 B. balteatus (#3843); 133 B. kirbiellus (#3768); 134 B. neoboreus (#4387); 135 B. kluanensis (#4876); 136 B. natvigi (#81); 137 B. hyperboreus (#3821)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268213/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 135</figureCitation>
) with the gonostylus inner (medial) edge between the anterior and posterior inner corners nearly straight dorsally, ventral to the submarginal groove with three broad shallow inner (medial) lamellate projections, the inner corners projecting slightly; volsella in ventral view broad in its mid section, narrowing gradually in its posterior section to just anterior to the inner process; penis-valve head on its outer edge proximal to the apex by a distance approximately equal to the breadth of the penis-valve head without a tooth.
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8C5E28FC3E583C71DEF9E8" box="[961,1248,1617,1643]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Colour pattern of the hair</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8C5E28FB11583C70AFF9E8" box="[1262,1425,1616,1643]" captionStart="FIGURES 104‒115" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1729,1754]" captionTargetBox="[332,1281,279,1666]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[276,1311,273,1710]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 104‒115. 104: Bombus kluanensis global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 105‒115 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 105 (#4473) Canada-Yukon; 106 (#4689) Canada-Yukon; 107 (#16) Canada-Yukon; 108 (#4393) USA-Alaska; 109 (#4466) Canada-Yukon; 110 (#4700) Canada-Yukon; 111 (#3130) Canada-Yukon; 112 (#4876) Canada-Yukon; 113 (#4882) Canada- Yukon; 114 (#4852) Canada-Yukon; 115 (#4881) Canada-Yukon." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268207/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Figs. 112‒115</figureCitation>
). Hair of the body predominantly black. Head ventral to the antennal base with a large patch of yellow with black hairs intermixed; top of the head posterior to the ocelli with a large patch of yellow. Thoracic dorsum with broad anterior and posterior yellow bands, each less broad than the black band between the wing bases (with some yellow hairs intermixed), some black hairs intermixed posteriorly on the scutellum; side of the thorax with black and yellow hairs intermixed. Foreleg and midleg with pale hairs posteriorly; hind femur ventrally with pale hairs, tibia and tarsus with long fringing hairs pale orange. Metasomal T1‒3 yellow (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8C5E28FC67594476C6F8C0" box="[920,1016,1833,1859]" captionStart="FIGURES 104‒115" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1729,1754]" captionTargetBox="[332,1281,279,1666]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[276,1311,273,1710]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 104‒115. 104: Bombus kluanensis global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 105‒115 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 105 (#4473) Canada-Yukon; 106 (#4689) Canada-Yukon; 107 (#16) Canada-Yukon; 108 (#4393) USA-Alaska; 109 (#4466) Canada-Yukon; 110 (#4700) Canada-Yukon; 111 (#3130) Canada-Yukon; 112 (#4876) Canada-Yukon; 113 (#4882) Canada- Yukon; 114 (#4852) Canada-Yukon; 115 (#4881) Canada-Yukon." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268207/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 112</figureCitation>
), T3 anteriorly often with many black hairs intermixed (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8C5E28FEA1592074C6F8E4" box="[350,504,1869,1895]" captionStart="FIGURES 104‒115" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1729,1754]" captionTargetBox="[332,1281,279,1666]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[276,1311,273,1710]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 104‒115. 104: Bombus kluanensis global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 105‒115 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 105 (#4473) Canada-Yukon; 106 (#4689) Canada-Yukon; 107 (#16) Canada-Yukon; 108 (#4393) USA-Alaska; 109 (#4466) Canada-Yukon; 110 (#4700) Canada-Yukon; 111 (#3130) Canada-Yukon; 112 (#4876) Canada-Yukon; 113 (#4882) Canada- Yukon; 114 (#4852) Canada-Yukon; 115 (#4881) Canada-Yukon." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268207/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 113‒114</figureCitation>
), predominating on T3 anteriorly in one individual (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8C5E28FBBC5920719BF8E4" box="[1091,1189,1868,1895]" captionStart="FIGURES 104‒115" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1729,1754]" captionTargetBox="[332,1281,279,1666]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[276,1311,273,1710]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 104‒115. 104: Bombus kluanensis global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 105‒115 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 105 (#4473) Canada-Yukon; 106 (#4689) Canada-Yukon; 107 (#16) Canada-Yukon; 108 (#4393) USA-Alaska; 109 (#4466) Canada-Yukon; 110 (#4700) Canada-Yukon; 111 (#3130) Canada-Yukon; 112 (#4876) Canada-Yukon; 113 (#4882) Canada- Yukon; 114 (#4852) Canada-Yukon; 115 (#4881) Canada-Yukon." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268207/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 115</figureCitation>
); T4 black sometimes with yellow hairs intermixed in the posterior lateral corners; T5‒7 black with a few hairs laterally with pale tips.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FF8C5E29FF3859F971CCFF54" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="245BD809FF8C5E28FF3859F975DCF874" blockId="40.[151,1437,153,2039]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8C5E28FF3859F97494F82C" bold="true" box="[199,426,1940,1967]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Material examined</emphasis>
. 30 queens
<specimenCount id="32E21380FF8C5E28FDCB59F877FEF82C" box="[564,704,1941,1967]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="worker">244 workers</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="32E21380FF8C5E28FD3759F87621F82C" box="[712,799,1941,1967]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="male">8 males</specimenCount>
(plus
<specimenCount id="32E21380FF8C5E28FC9759F876EBF82C" box="[872,981,1941,1967]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
with caste undetermined), from
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF8C5E28FAB759F870A2F82C" box="[1352,1436,1941,1967]" name="Canada" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Canada</collectingCountry>
and the
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF8C5E28FF0B59D47414F850" box="[244,298,1977,2003]" name="United States of America" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">USA</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8C5E28FEC359D4749FF850" box="[316,417,1977,2003]" captionStart="FIGURES 104‒115" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1729,1754]" captionTargetBox="[332,1281,279,1666]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[276,1311,273,1710]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 104‒115. 104: Bombus kluanensis global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 105‒115 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 105 (#4473) Canada-Yukon; 106 (#4689) Canada-Yukon; 107 (#16) Canada-Yukon; 108 (#4393) USA-Alaska; 109 (#4466) Canada-Yukon; 110 (#4700) Canada-Yukon; 111 (#3130) Canada-Yukon; 112 (#4876) Canada-Yukon; 113 (#4882) Canada- Yukon; 114 (#4852) Canada-Yukon; 115 (#4881) Canada-Yukon." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268207/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 104</figureCitation>
:
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF8C5E28FE5159D474D6F850" box="[430,488,1977,2003]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">CNC</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF8C5E28FE0F59D7770FF857" box="[496,561,1978,2004]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kch5-hv72" name="Humboldt University Zoologisches Museum" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">HUM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF8C5E28FDC459D7779BF857" box="[571,677,1978,2004]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF8C5E28FD5159D7763AF857" box="[686,772,1978,2004]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/142r-0w94" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="Museum">NMNH</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF8C5E28FCF259D77608F857" box="[781,822,1978,2004]" country="Thailand" name="Paleontological Collections" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">PW</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF8C5E28FCC059D476AEF850" box="[831,912,1977,2003]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/gayt-20cg" name="Royal British Columbia Museum" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="Museum">RBCM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF8C5E28FC6659D476D6F850" box="[921,1000,1977,2003]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">RSKM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF8C5E28FC0D59D4710DF850" box="[1010,1075,1977,2003]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/77v7-7va6" name="University of Alaska Museum" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="Museum">UAM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF8C5E28FBC359D77143F857" box="[1084,1149,1978,2004]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="Museum">YPM</collectionCode>
), with
<specimenCount id="32E21380FF8C5E28FB3259D47059F850" box="[1229,1383,1977,2003]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="generic">22 specimens</specimenCount>
barcoded.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF8D5E29FF385EF571CCFF54" blockId="41.[151,1436,152,323]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FF385EF574D1FF30" bold="true" box="[199,495,152,179]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Habitat and distribution</emphasis>
. Flower-rich alpine tundra and subalpine meadows of the St Elias Mountains near Kluane in the
<collectingRegion id="E62016EBFF8D5E29FECB5ED17443FF55" box="[308,381,188,214]" country="Canada" name="Yukon" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Yukon</collectingRegion>
and in the Denali National Park in the
<collectingRegion id="E62016EBFF8D5E29FCCE5ED17641FF55" box="[817,895,188,214]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Alaska</collectingRegion>
Range of
<collectingRegion id="E62016EBFF8D5E29FC0E5ED17101FF55" box="[1009,1087,188,214]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Alaska</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8D5E29FBB15ED17192FF54" box="[1102,1196,188,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1107,1132]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1087]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,181,1087]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 10. Map of the entire global distribution of records of B. kluanensis s. l.. Grey crosses are records for any Alpinobombus species; black crosses are records of B. neoboreus; overlayed with small white spots for specimens of B. kluanensis s. l.; large green spots for sequenced samples with the kluanensis s. str. alleles (collected 2010‒2016); small red spots for sequenced samples with the ‘unnamed2’ allele (collected 2015‒2017). Relief map with hill shading, with a Polar projection, and with the Arctic Circle and the USA (Alaska) / Canada (Yukon) international boundary shown as grey lines. North pointer and scale bar below, with an inset that shows the location of the detailed area of the global map. Image created in ArcGIS using World_Shad- ed_Relief basemap which is Copyright: © 2014 Esri." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268189/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Figs. 10</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8D5E29FB475ED071D8FF54" box="[1208,1254,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURES 104‒115" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1729,1754]" captionTargetBox="[332,1281,279,1666]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[276,1311,273,1710]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 104‒115. 104: Bombus kluanensis global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 105‒115 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 105 (#4473) Canada-Yukon; 106 (#4689) Canada-Yukon; 107 (#16) Canada-Yukon; 108 (#4393) USA-Alaska; 109 (#4466) Canada-Yukon; 110 (#4700) Canada-Yukon; 111 (#3130) Canada-Yukon; 112 (#4876) Canada-Yukon; 113 (#4882) Canada- Yukon; 114 (#4852) Canada-Yukon; 115 (#4881) Canada-Yukon." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268207/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">104</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FF8D5E29FF385E8C7775FEC1" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="description">
<paragraph id="245BD809FF8D5E29FF385E8C74E6FF79" blockId="41.[151,1436,152,323]" box="[199,472,224,251]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FF385E8C746AFF78" bold="true" box="[199,340,225,251]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Food plants</emphasis>
. Unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF8D5E29FF385F6974F6FE9D" blockId="41.[151,1436,152,323]" box="[199,456,260,287]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FF385F69747DFE9C" bold="true" box="[199,323,260,287]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Behaviour</emphasis>
. Unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF8D5E29FF385F457775FEC1" blockId="41.[151,1436,152,323]" box="[199,587,296,323]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FF385F457485FEC0" bold="true" box="[199,443,296,323]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Conservation status.</emphasis>
Unassessed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:namePart id="86957DFC478905D33938535D5E51A2CA">Byvaltsev, Alexandr M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D1F8C3908B2CECF437363959DEDF136E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="977E12811103C6615207ECA24E02FA1E">
<mods:date id="14B6FB17A56252FAD6DC3D30ED8CF406">2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="2564F7FEFFD03942A5B4418C97F61D9D" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="04C3047B4F5085DBABEDBC789A25736C">2019-07-03</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="46808FAE53B98720057E5778E987E06D">4625</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="A5ED0926F98741F71E1055ACE170A531" type="CLB-Dataset">26307</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A32C0ECFB0C0090E2D6160103DA88903" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4625.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="AC4D691FFF855E24FF685A8876EBFA8C" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158512426" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC4D691FFF855E24FF685A8876EBFA8C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC4D691FFF855E24FF685A8876EBFA8C" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FF855E21FF685A8874D7FB7C" box="[151,489,1253,1280]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="245BD809FF855E21FF685A8874D7FB7C" blockId="33.[151,498,1253,1315]" box="[151,489,1253,1280]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<heading id="7F136F65FF855E21FF685A8874D7FB7C" bold="true" box="[151,489,1253,1280]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" reason="1">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF855E21FF685A8874D7FB7C" bold="true" box="[151,489,1253,1280]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
5.
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF855E21FF4A5A8874D7FB7C" ID-CoL="MFM5" authority="Curtis" authorityName="Curtis" box="[181,489,1253,1280]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirbiellus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF855E21FF4A5A8874AFFA83" bold="true" box="[181,401,1253,1280]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Bombus kirbiellus</emphasis>
Curtis
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FF855E21FF685B6474CCFAA0" box="[151,498,1288,1315]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="description">
<paragraph id="245BD809FF855E21FF685B6474CCFAA0" blockId="33.[151,498,1253,1315]" box="[151,498,1288,1315]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
(
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF855E21FF5E5B6475D1FAA0" box="[161,239,1288,1315]" captionStart="FIGURES 1‒6" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1894,1919]" captionTargetBox="[223,1370,166,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[213,1375,166,1875]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1‒6. Lateral views of foraging females (queens) of species of the subgenus Alpinobombus (with photo credits): 1, B. alpinus, Norway (A. Staverløkk); 2, B. pyrrhopygus, Sweden (G. Holmström); 3, B. polaris, Canada (B. Heinrich); 4, B. balteatus, Sweden (G. Holmström); 5, B. kirbiellus, USA (D. Wilson); 6, B. hyperboreus, Sweden (L.-I. Larsson). Some images reversed." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268177/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF855E21FF045B64747DFAA0" box="[251,323,1289,1315]" captionStart="FIGURES 77‒88" captionStartId="35.[151,264,1891,1916]" captionTargetBox="[233,1361,174,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[166,1421,166,1871]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 77‒88. 77: Bombus kirbiellus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 78‒88 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 78 (#556) Canada-Nunavut; 79 (#294) Canada-Nunavut; 80 (#100) Canada-Nunavut; 81 (#3791) USA-Colorado; 82 (#3790) USA-Colorado; 83 (#3765) Canada-Nunavut; 84 (#3792) USA-Colorado; 85 (#3797) USA-Colorado; 86 (#4915) USA Alaska; 87 (#3768) Canada-Nunavut; 88 (#3812) USA-Colorado." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268203/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">77‒88</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF855E21FEB05B647445FAA0" box="[335,379,1289,1315]" captionStart="FIGURES 129‒137" captionStartId="45.[151,264,1802,1827]" captionTargetBox="[171,1400,212,1747]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[151,1436,181,1782]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 129‒137. Morphology of the male genitalia for species of the subgenus Alpinobombus from the dorsal aspect, anterior to the left of the image, posterior to the right: 129 B. alpinus (#3824); 130 B pyrrhopygus (#3833); 131 B. polaris (#73); 132 B. balteatus (#3843); 133 B. kirbiellus (#3768); 134 B. neoboreus (#4387); 135 B. kluanensis (#4876); 136 B. natvigi (#81); 137 B. hyperboreus (#3821)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268213/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">133</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF855E21FE785B64748DFAA0" box="[391,435,1289,1315]" captionStart="FIGURES 140‒143" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1866,1891]" captionTargetBox="[157,1433,181,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[151,1436,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 140‒143. Morphology of females (queens). Left lateral aspect of the oculo-malar area of: 140, B. polaris; 141, B. kirbiellus (white lines indicate length and breadth measurements). Left lateral aspect of the outer surface of the left hind tibia (corbicular area): 142, B. polaris; 143, B. neoboreus (white lines indicate highlights in the central area)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268219/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">141</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF855E21FE405B6474D7FAA0" box="[447,489,1289,1315]" captionStart="FIGURES 144‒147" captionStartId="51.[151,264,1282,1307]" captionTargetBox="[151,1409,166,1244]" captionTargetId="figure@51.[151,1409,166,1263]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURES 144‒147. Morphology of males. Dorsal aspect of the penis valves of: 144, B. natvigi; 145, B. neoboreus (white lines indicate location of the subapical outer tooth of the left penis valve). Dorsal aspect of left gonostylus: 146 B. kirbiellus; 147, B. polaris (white lines indicate anterior, midpoint, and posterior median projections of left gonostylus)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268221/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">146</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FF855E21FF685B207126FA7C" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="245BD809FF855E21FF685B20742FFA20" blockId="33.[151,1437,1356,1841]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
&lt;
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF855E21FF5A5B2075C2FAE6" ID-CoL="62H8K" authority="Kirbiellus Curtis 1835" authorityName="Kincaidii Cockerell" authorityYear="1898" box="[165,252,1357,1381]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bombus</taxonomicName>
&gt;
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF855E21FEED5B2074C6FAE6" ID-CoL="MFM5" authority="Curtis 1835" authorityName="Curtis" authorityYear="1835" box="[274,504,1356,1381]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirbiellus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF855E21FEED5B207449FAE6" box="[274,375,1357,1381]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Kirbiellus</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="948CD254FF855E21FE805B2174C6FAE6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2273437266" box="[383,504,1356,1381]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="Canada" location="Arctic'" municipality="Boothia Peninsula" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nunavut" typeStatus="lectotype">
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF855E21FE805B2174C6FAE6" author="Curtis" box="[383,504,1356,1381]" firstAuthor="Curtis" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref41860" refString="Curtis, J. (1835) Insects. Descriptions, etc. of the insects brought home by Commander James Clark Ross, R. N., F. R. S. &amp; c. In: J. Ross, Appendix to the narrative of a second voyage in search of a North-West Passage, and of a residence in the arctic regions during the years 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832, 1833, Baudry, London, pp. lix-lxxx." type="journal volume" year="1835">Curtis 1835</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
:lxii and his plate A figure 2, type-locality citation ‘
<location id="213B8ED2FF855E21FBFE5B217175FAE6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC4D691FFF855E24FF685A8876EBFA8C:213B8ED2FF855E21FBFE5B217175FAE6" box="[1025,1099,1356,1381]" country="Canada" municipality="Boothia Peninsula" name="Arctic'" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" stateProvince="Nunavut">Arctic’</location>
(probably the
<collectingMunicipality id="C43F4273FF855E21FB1D5B2170A3FAE6" box="[1250,1437,1356,1381]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Boothia Peninsula</collectingMunicipality>
isthmus,
<collectingRegion id="E62016EBFF855E21FEDC5B017443FA00" box="[291,381,1388,1411]" country="Canada" name="Nunavut" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Nunavut</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF855E21FE775B0674E7FA07" box="[392,473,1387,1412]" name="Canada" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Canada</collectingCountry>
).
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFF855E21FE155B01776BFA07" box="[490,597,1388,1412]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="lectotype">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF855E21FE155B01776BFA07" bold="true" box="[490,597,1388,1412]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Lectotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
queen (#294) by present designation, NHMUK examined PHW, no locality label. Note 1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF855E21FF685BC47010FA63" blockId="33.[151,1437,1356,1841]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF855E21FF685BC47738FA42" ID-CoL="62H8K" authority="Putnami Cresson 1878: 185" authorityName="Putnami Cresson" authorityPageNumber="185" authorityYear="1878" box="[151,518,1448,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF855E21FF685BC4747BFA42" box="[151,325,1449,1473]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Bombus Putnami</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF855E21FEB35BC47738FA42" author="Cresson" box="[332,518,1448,1473]" firstAuthor="Cresson" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="181 - 221" refId="ref41798" refString="Cresson, E. T. (1878) Descriptions of new species of North American bees. Proceedings of the Academy of natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 30, 181 - 221." type="journal article" year="1878">Cresson 1878:185</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, type-locality citation ‘
<collectingRegion id="E62016EBFF855E21FD125BC5766EFA42" box="[749,848,1448,1473]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Colorado</collectingRegion>
- Alpine’ (
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF855E21FC425BC476CBFA42" box="[957,1013,1449,1473]" name="United States of America" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">USA</collectingCountry>
).
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFF855E21FBF95BC5715AFA42" box="[1030,1124,1448,1473]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female by monotypy, not seen (ANSP Type 2170, identity not in doubt). Synonymised with
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF855E21FCCB5BA5710AFA63" ID-CoL="MFM4" authority="Curtis" authorityName="Curtis" box="[820,1076,1479,1504]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirbyellus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF855E21FCCB5BA576CEFA63" box="[820,1008,1480,1504]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Bombus kirbyellus</emphasis>
Curtis
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF855E21FBA55BAA7015FA63" author="Franklin" box="[1114,1323,1479,1504]" firstAuthor="Franklin" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="177 - 486" refId="ref42739" refString="Franklin, H. J. (1913) The Bombidae of the New World. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 38, 177 - 486. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 122585" type="journal article" year="1913">Franklin (1913:290)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF855E21FF685B8A7126FA7C" blockId="33.[151,1437,1356,1841]" box="[151,1048,1510,1535]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
[&lt;
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF855E21FF515B8B743BFA7D" ID-CoL="62H8K" authorityName="Putnami Cresson" authorityYear="1878" box="[174,261,1510,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bombus</taxonomicName>
&gt;
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF855E21FEE55B8B74FBFA7C" ID-CoL="MFM4" authority="Curtis" authorityName="Curtis" box="[282,453,1510,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirbyellus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF855E21FEE55B8B7440FA7D" box="[282,382,1510,1534]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">kirbyellus</emphasis>
Curtis
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF855E21FE305B8A77E9FA7C" author="von Dalla Torre" box="[463,727,1510,1535]" firstAuthor="von Dalla Torre" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref50818" refString="von Dalla Torre, K. W. (1896) Catalogus hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Vol. X. Apidae (anthophila). G. Engelmann, Lipsiae, viii + 643 pp." type="book" year="1896">von Dalla Torre 1896:527</bibRefCitation>
, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FF855E21FF68586876EDF99E" box="[151,979,1540,1565]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="description">
<paragraph id="245BD809FF855E21FF68586876EDF99E" blockId="33.[151,1437,1356,1841]" box="[151,979,1540,1565]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF855E21FF6858687455F99E" box="[151,363,1541,1565]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
&lt;
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF855E21FF5A586875C2F99E" authorityName="Putnami Cresson" authorityYear="1878" box="[165,252,1541,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bombus</taxonomicName>
&gt; putnamii
</emphasis>
Cresson;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF855E21FE2E586B77E6F99E" author="von Dalla Torre" box="[465,728,1540,1565]" firstAuthor="von Dalla Torre" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref50818" refString="von Dalla Torre, K. W. (1896) Catalogus hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Vol. X. Apidae (anthophila). G. Engelmann, Lipsiae, viii + 643 pp." type="book" year="1896">von Dalla Torre 1896:544</bibRefCitation>
, unjustified emendation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FF855E21FF6858497612F8B2" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="245BD809FF855E21FF6858497498F9FA" blockId="33.[151,1437,1356,1841]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF855E21FF68584974FCF9B8" box="[151,450,1572,1595]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF855E21FF6858497426F9B8" authorityName="Lepeletier" authorityYear="1832" box="[151,280,1572,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Psithyrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">PSITHYRUS</taxonomicName>
KODIAKENSIS
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF855E21FE34584E77A9F9BF" author="Ashmead" box="[459,663,1571,1596]" firstAuthor="Ashmead" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="117 - 274" refId="ref40240" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1902) Papers from the Harriman Alaska Expedition. XXVIII. Hymenoptera. Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 4, 117 - 274. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 18572" type="journal article" year="1902">Ashmead 1902:130</bibRefCitation>
, type-locality citation ‘Kodiak’ (
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF855E21FC1058497119F9BF" box="[1007,1063,1572,1596]" name="United States of America" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">USA</collectingCountry>
).
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFF855E21FBC4584971B0F9BF" box="[1083,1166,1572,1596]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
males, NMNH photos of specimen and genitalia examined PW, ‘Kadiak’ [sic] (Kodiak,
<collectingRegion id="E62016EBFF855E21FCC8582F76BEF9D8" box="[823,896,1602,1627]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Alaska</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF855E21FC75582E76FFF9D8" box="[906,961,1603,1627]" name="United States of America" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">USA</collectingCountry>
). Synonymised with
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF855E21FB6D582E70A2F9D8" ID-CoL="5G28S" authority="(Curtis)" authorityName="Curtis" baseAuthorityName="Curtis" box="[1170,1436,1602,1627]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bremus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirbyellus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF855E21FB6D582E7076F9D9" box="[1170,1352,1602,1626]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Bremus kirbyellus</emphasis>
(Curtis)
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF855E21FF18580D749CF9FA" author="Frison" box="[231,418,1632,1657]" firstAuthor="Frison" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="307 - 326" refId="ref43164" refString="Frison, T. H. (1923) Systematic and biological notes on bumblebees (Bremidae; Hymenoptera). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 48, 307 - 326." type="journal article" year="1923">Frison (1923:316)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF855E21FF6858ED71F4F934" blockId="33.[151,1437,1356,1841]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF855E21FF6858ED7714F91B" ID-CoL="5WNP3" authority="Morrill 1903: 224" authorityName="Morrill" authorityPageNumber="224" authorityYear="1903" box="[151,554,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrifasciatus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF855E21FF6858ED7451F91B" box="[151,367,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Bombus atrifasciatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF855E21FE8858127714F91B" author="Morrill" box="[375,554,1663,1688]" firstAuthor="Morrill" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="222 - 226" refId="ref47123" refString="Morrill, A. W. (1903) New Apoidea from Montana. Canadian Entomologist, 35, 222 - 226. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 35222 - 8" type="journal article" year="1903">Morrill 1903:224</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, type-locality citation ‘Gallatin Co., Montana’ (
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF855E21FBEC58ED7175F91B" box="[1043,1099,1664,1688]" name="United States of America" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">USA</collectingCountry>
).
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFF855E21FBA258127185F91B" box="[1117,1211,1663,1688]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female by monotypy, not seen (identity not in doubt). Synonymised with
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF855E21FD2E58F376EFF934" ID-CoL="MFM4" authority="Curtis" authorityName="Curtis" box="[721,977,1694,1719]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirbyellus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF855E21FD2E58F376B3F935" box="[721,909,1694,1718]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Bombus kirbyellus</emphasis>
Curtis
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF855E21FC0858F371F9F934" author="Franklin" box="[1015,1223,1694,1719]" firstAuthor="Franklin" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="177 - 486" refId="ref42739" refString="Franklin, H. J. (1913) The Bombidae of the New World. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 38, 177 - 486. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 122585" type="journal article" year="1913">Franklin (1913:291)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF855E21FF6858D37612F970" blockId="33.[151,1437,1356,1841]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF855E21FF6858D37795F956" ID-CoL="5G28R" authority="Frison 1923: 308" authorityName="Frison" authorityPageNumber="308" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,683,1724,1749]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bremus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="kirbyellus" variety="alexanderi">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF855E21FF6858D374CBF956" box="[151,501,1725,1749]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Bremus kirbyellus var. alexanderi</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="948CD254FF855E21FE0058D17795F956" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2273437264" box="[511,683,1724,1749]" collectionCode="INHS, PW" country="United States of America" location="Patagonia Mountains" municipality="Arizona'" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF855E21FE0058D17795F956" author="Frison" box="[511,683,1724,1749]" firstAuthor="Frison" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="307 - 326" refId="ref43164" refString="Frison, T. H. (1923) Systematic and biological notes on bumblebees (Bremidae; Hymenoptera). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 48, 307 - 326." type="journal article" year="1923">Frison 1923:308</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, type-locality citation ‘
<location id="213B8ED2FF855E21FC6358D17143F956" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC4D691FFF855E24FF685A8876EBFA8C:213B8ED2FF855E21FC6358D17143F956" box="[924,1149,1724,1749]" country="United States of America" municipality="Arizona'" name="Patagonia Mountains" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Patagonia Mountains</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="C43F4273FF855E21FB7658D171DFF956" box="[1161,1249,1724,1749]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Arizona’</collectingMunicipality>
(
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF855E21FB0D58D07014F956" box="[1266,1322,1725,1749]" name="United States of America" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">USA</collectingCountry>
).
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFF855E21FAC158D170A2F956" box="[1342,1436,1724,1749]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
queen (#5012) by original designation, INHS examined PW.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF855E21FF6858967612F8B2" blockId="33.[151,1437,1356,1841]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF855E21FF6858967791F890" ID-CoL="5G28S" authority="Frison 1923: 309" authorityName="Frison" authorityPageNumber="309" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,687,1786,1811]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bremus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="kirbyellus" variety="arizonensis">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF855E21FF68589674C5F891" box="[151,507,1786,1810]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Bremus kirbyellus var. arizonensis</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="948CD254FF855E21FDFB58977791F890" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2273437257" box="[516,687,1786,1811]" collectionCode="INHS, PW" country="United States of America" location="Patagonia Mountains" municipality="Arizona'" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF855E21FDFB58977791F890" author="Frison" box="[516,687,1786,1811]" firstAuthor="Frison" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="307 - 326" refId="ref43164" refString="Frison, T. H. (1923) Systematic and biological notes on bumblebees (Bremidae; Hymenoptera). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 48, 307 - 326." type="journal article" year="1923">Frison 1923:309</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, type-locality citation ‘
<location id="213B8ED2FF855E21FC6158977141F890" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC4D691FFF855E24FF685A8876EBFA8C:213B8ED2FF855E21FC6158977141F890" box="[926,1151,1786,1811]" country="United States of America" municipality="Arizona'" name="Patagonia Mountains" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Patagonia Mountains</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="C43F4273FF855E21FB75589771DCF890" box="[1162,1250,1786,1811]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Arizona’</collectingMunicipality>
(
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF855E21FB0D58967014F890" box="[1266,1322,1787,1811]" name="United States of America" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">USA</collectingCountry>
).
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFF855E21FAC1589770A2F890" box="[1342,1436,1786,1811]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
queen (#5013) by original designation, INHS examined PW.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FF855E21FF68590D7199F865" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="245BD809FF855E21FF68590D7199F865" blockId="33.[151,1436,1887,2022]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
Note 1 (
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF855E21FF0C590D7463F8F9" box="[243,349,1888,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirbiellus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF855E21FF0C590D7463F8F9" box="[243,349,1888,1914]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">kirbiellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The NHMUK is the most likely depository for the
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFF855E21FC51590D76E0F8F9" box="[942,990,1888,1914]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">type</typeStatus>
material described by John Curtis from the British expedition led by John Ross to find the Northwest Passage. The
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFF855E21FC2959E97138F81D" box="[982,1030,1924,1950]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">type</typeStatus>
material has been believed to be lost (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF855E21FF6059CA744DF841" author="Franklin" box="[159,371,1959,1986]" firstAuthor="Franklin" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="177 - 486" refId="ref42739" refString="Franklin, H. J. (1913) The Bombidae of the New World. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 38, 177 - 486. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 122585" type="journal article" year="1913">Franklin 1913:291</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF855E21FE8159CA7778F841" author="Richards" box="[382,582,1959,1986]" firstAuthor="Richards" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref49035" refString="Richards, O. W. (1931) Some notes on the humble-bees allied to Bombus alpinus, L. TromsO Museums Arshefter, 50, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1931">Richards 1931:15</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF855E21FDAE59CA762CF841" author="Milliron" box="[593,786,1959,1986]" firstAuthor="Milliron" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="81 - 237" refId="ref46901" refString="Milliron, H. E. (1973) A monograph of the western hemisphere bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae; Bombinae). II. The genus Megabombus subgenus Megabombus. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 89, 81 - 237. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 10589 fv" type="journal article" year="1973">Milliron 1973:95</bibRefCitation>
) or to be ‘not traced’ (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF855E21FBF759CA71FBF841" author="Loken" box="[1032,1221,1959,1986]" firstAuthor="Loken" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 218" refId="ref45906" refString="Loken, A. (1973) Studies on Scandinavian bumble bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Norsk entomologisk Tidsskrift, 20, 1 - 218." type="journal article" year="1973">Løken 1973:105</bibRefCitation>
). Fortunately, there is an illustration of a queen accompanying Curtis’s original description (his plate A figure 2).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FF865E24FF385EF47063FE08" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="description">
<paragraph id="245BD809FF865E22FF385EF47753FC94" blockId="34.[151,1437,153,1943]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
The NHMUK collection does contain one queen (#294) that could have been the model for Curtis’s illustration of
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF865E22FF115ED37444FF54" box="[238,378,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirbiellus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF865E22FF115ED37444FF54" box="[238,378,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">B. kirbiellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It is the only nineteenth century queen of this species in the NHMUK collection from the New World and it is also the only nineteenth century specimen of this species in the NHMUK collection that has been dried with the wings and legs extended, broadly as shown in the illustration in Curtis (which may have been rendered in a slightly more idealised, symmetrical pose). The
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFF865E22FCA75F447681FEC0" box="[856,959,297,323]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
queen of
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF865E22FBCE5F47719FFEC0" box="[1073,1185,297,323]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polaris">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF865E22FBCE5F47719FFEC0" box="[1073,1185,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">B. polaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(from the same expedition, see above) has been dried in a similar pose, but has a different colour pattern. The NHMUK queen (#294) matches the Curtis illustration of
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF865E22FDF15F1F77A9FE08" box="[526,663,369,395]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirbiellus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF865E22FDF15F1F77A9FE08" box="[526,663,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">B. kirbiellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in colour pattern, in that: (1) the hair on the top of the head posterior to the ocelli is predominantly black, so that it appears black from a distance, even though there is some yellow hair intermixed in this area as is frequent for this species; (2) there is a narrow but clear indication of black hair anterior and ventral to the wing bases, indicating a patch of black hair on the side of the thorax posteriorly in addition to the yellow hair anteriorly on the side of the thorax that is most frequent and often most extensive for this species; (3) metasomal tergum 2 posteriorly has black hair in a median triangle, which is infrequent for this species; (4) the hair of terga 4‒5 is a very pale pink-orange rather than the deep orange-red or yellow-white seen for many individuals. None of these colour-pattern characters is unique to this specimen, but no other candidate specimen is known with this combination of characters, so that this is the most likely specimen currently known as a candidate for the model for the illustration. There are nineteenth century New World queens of
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF865E22FC3A5CDB710BFD4C" box="[965,1077,693,719]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polaris">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF865E22FC3A5CDB710BFD4C" box="[965,1077,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">B. polaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the NHMUK collection, but they all have a conspicuous band of yellow hair posteriorly on metasomal tergum 3, which is specifically excluded in the original description of
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF865E22FE225C937758FC94" box="[477,614,765,791]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirbiellus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF865E22FE225C937758FC94" box="[477,614,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">B. kirbiellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF865E22FF385D4C77CFFC24" blockId="34.[151,1437,153,1943]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
The NHMUK specimen (#294) carries the labels: (1) white, handwritten ‘
<emphasis id="1690041BFF865E22FBD25D4C71A3FCB8" box="[1069,1181,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Kirbiellus</emphasis>
[female].’; (2) white, round, handwritten ‘40 / 4 – 2 / 1719’; (3) green, printed ‘
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF865E22FCC95D2876E6FCDC" authorityName="Kruger" authorityYear="1917" box="[822,984,837,863]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Alpinobombus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF865E22FCC95D2876E6FCDC" box="[822,984,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Alpinobombus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ AL# 294. det. PHW’; (4) red, printed ‘
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFF865E22FF645D04747EFC00" box="[155,320,873,899]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
[female] /
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF865E22FE445D04772BFC00" authorityName="Putnami Cresson" authorityYear="1878" box="[443,533,873,899]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF865E22FE445D04772BFC00" box="[443,533,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Bombus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF865E22FDD45D0477ABFC00" box="[555,661,873,899]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirbiellus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF865E22FDD45D0477ABFC00" box="[555,661,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">kirbiellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF865E22FD555D04760AFC00" author="Curtis" box="[682,820,872,899]" firstAuthor="Curtis" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refId="ref41860" refString="Curtis, J. (1835) Insects. Descriptions, etc. of the insects brought home by Commander James Clark Ross, R. N., F. R. S. &amp; c. In: J. Ross, Appendix to the narrative of a second voyage in search of a North-West Passage, and of a residence in the arctic regions during the years 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832, 1833, Baudry, London, pp. lix-lxxx." type="journal volume" year="1835">Curtis, 1835</bibRefCitation>
/ det.
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF865E22FC855D0476A0FC00" box="[890,926,873,899]" name="Philippines" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">PH</collectingCountry>
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF865E22FC5B5D04716EFC00" author="Williams" box="[932,1104,873,899]" firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refId="ref51722" refString="Williams, P. H., Thorp, R. W., Richardson, L. L. &amp; Colla, S. R. (2014) Bumble bees of North America. An identification guide. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 208 pp." type="book" year="2014">Williams 2014</bibRefCitation>
’; (5) white, printed ‘
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF865E22FACC5D0470B3FC00" authorityName="Putnami Cresson" authorityYear="1878" box="[1331,1421,873,899]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF865E22FACC5D0470B3FC00" box="[1331,1421,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Bombus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ (
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF865E22FF5E5DE0747DFC24" authorityName="Kruger" authorityYear="1917" box="[161,323,909,935]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Alpinobombus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF865E22FF5E5DE0747DFC24" box="[161,323,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Alpinobombus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) /
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF865E22FE9E5DE074F5FC24" box="[353,459,909,935]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirbiellus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF865E22FE9E5DE074F5FC24" box="[353,459,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">kirbiellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ det.
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF865E22FDEE5DE0770BFC24" box="[529,565,909,935]" name="Philippines" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">PH</collectingCountry>
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF865E22FDC45DE077D6FC24" author="Williams" box="[571,744,908,935]" firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref51372" refString="Williams, P. H., Byvaltsev, A. M., Cederberg, B., Berezin, M. V., Odegaard, F., Rasmussen, C., et al. (2015) Genes suggest ancestral colour polymorphisms are shared across morphologically cryptic species in arctic bumblebees. PLoS ONE, 10, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0144544" type="journal article" year="2015">Williams 2015</bibRefCitation>
’.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF865E22FF385DDC70B9FBFC" blockId="34.[151,1437,153,1943]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
The accession label (2) ‘40 / 4 – 2 / 1719’ refers (according to the NHMUK accessions register) to a specimen ‘Bought at Mr Children’s sale’ in 1840. This is presumably a reference to John Children, who became Keeper of Zoology at the British Museum (BM), retiring in 1840. It is possible that Children may have acquired the specimen from Curtis through Children’s association with the BM.
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF865E22FCDF5A7076D9FBB4" author="Smith" box="[800,999,1052,1079]" firstAuthor="Smith" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refId="ref49739" refString="Smith, F. (1854) Catalogue of hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part II. Apidae. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 197 pp." type="book" year="1854">Smith (1854:397)</bibRefCitation>
indicated that this species was present in the BM collection in 1854 (the entry for ‘
<subScript id="B860DA4CFF865E22FD6F5A2C764EFBD8" attach="left" box="[656,880,1089,1115]" fontSize="7" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF865E22FD6F5A2C77D7FBDA" authorityName="Putnami Cresson" authorityYear="1878" box="[656,745,1089,1115]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">BOMBUS</taxonomicName>
KIRBIELLUS’
</subScript>
is marked ‘B.M.’), represented by material from ‘Boothia Felix’ (known to be visited at this time only by the Ross expedition), presumably therefore from Curtis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF865E22FF385AE474A7FAD4" blockId="34.[151,1437,153,1943]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
The hand-writing of the label (1) ‘
<emphasis id="1690041BFF865E22FDA85AE477F9FB20" box="[599,711,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Kirbiellus</emphasis>
[female].’ matches a sample of Curtis’s handwriting shown by
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF865E22FF685AC07460FB44" author="Horn" box="[151,350,1196,1223]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Horn" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 536" refId="ref44511" refString="Horn, W., Kahle, I. &amp; Korschefsky, R. (1935 - 1937) Uber entomologische Sammlungen, Entomologen &amp; Entomo-Museologie (Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Entomologie). Entomologische Beihefte aus Berlin-Dahlem, Band 2 - 4, 1 - 536." type="book chapter" year="1935">
Horn
<emphasis id="1690041BFF865E22FF265AC3742DFB44" box="[217,275,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al.</emphasis>
(
<date id="505AFEC9FF865E22FEDB5AC17460FB44" box="[292,350,1196,1223]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="1935" valueMax="1937">1935</date>
</bibRefCitation>
‒1937: plate XXXVIII no. 19) with a similar ‘r’, ‘b’, and ‘e’. The ‘s’ can be compared directly between the label and the sample published for Curtis, with a reduced upper section, and is more similar to Curtis’s handwriting than to the complete ‘s’ shown for Frederick Smith (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF865E22FC6A5A987164FA8C" author="Horn" box="[917,1114,1268,1295]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Horn" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 536" refId="ref44511" refString="Horn, W., Kahle, I. &amp; Korschefsky, R. (1935 - 1937) Uber entomologische Sammlungen, Entomologen &amp; Entomo-Museologie (Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Entomologie). Entomologische Beihefte aus Berlin-Dahlem, Band 2 - 4, 1 - 536." type="book chapter" year="1935">
Horn
<emphasis id="1690041BFF865E22FC245A9B7129FA8C" box="[987,1047,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al.</emphasis>
<date id="505AFEC9FF865E22FBDD5A997164FA8C" box="[1058,1114,1268,1295]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="1935" valueMax="1937">1935</date>
</bibRefCitation>
‒1937:plate V no. 13), who worked on the bumblebee collection of the British Museum from 1849. However, the handwriting samples are too small to be conclusive.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF865E22FF385B0C7632F9F4" blockId="34.[151,1437,153,1943]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
There is no single point of evidence that demonstrates beyond all doubt that this specimen (#294) is one of Curtis’s
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFF865E22FF355BE87411FA1C" box="[202,303,1413,1439]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
, but in combination the evidence from the specimen’s appearance and from the labels is considered on the balance of probabilities to support this conclusion. The specimen has been re-pinned, but it is complete except that it lacks the terminal joints of the left hind tarsus and of the mid and hind right tarsi. This queen is designated here as
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFF865E22FF125B9C746AF988" box="[237,340,1521,1547]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
<materialsCitation id="948CD254FF865E22FEA45B9C7636F9F4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2273437260" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="Boothia. A" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paralectotype">
in order to reduce uncertainty in the identity and application of the name, especially in relation to the closely similar species
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF865E22FE3E587B7710F9AC" box="[449,558,1557,1583]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polaris">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF865E22FE3E587B7710F9AC" box="[449,558,1557,1583]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">B. polaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that also occurs on
<collectorName id="8911BDDFFF865E22FCF5587876BCF9AC" box="[778,898,1557,1583]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Boothia. A</collectorName>
conspecific male (#293) in the
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF865E22FB1F58787074F9AC" box="[1248,1354,1557,1583]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
collection with an accession label ‘40 / 4 – 2 / 1718’ (also from the 1840 Children purchase) is also likely to be from the Ross expedition and is considered to be a
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFF865E22FD9258307636F9F4" box="[621,776,1629,1655]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF865E22FF3858EC7704F8A8" blockId="34.[151,1437,153,1943]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF865E22FF3858EC746AF918" author="Curtis" box="[199,340,1664,1691]" firstAuthor="Curtis" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refId="ref41860" refString="Curtis, J. (1835) Insects. Descriptions, etc. of the insects brought home by Commander James Clark Ross, R. N., F. R. S. &amp; c. In: J. Ross, Appendix to the narrative of a second voyage in search of a North-West Passage, and of a residence in the arctic regions during the years 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832, 1833, Baudry, London, pp. lix-lxxx." type="journal volume" year="1835">Curtis (1835</bibRefCitation>
:lxiii) wrote that
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF865E22FDF158EF77A9F918" box="[526,663,1665,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirbiellus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF865E22FDF158EF77A9F918" box="[526,663,1665,1691]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">B. kirbiellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘seemed to be the most abundant species’ [of bumblebee] seen on the Ross expedition, although it is likely that this included observations of the similar
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF865E22FBB958CB7188F93C" box="[1094,1206,1701,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polaris">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF865E22FBB958CB7188F93C" box="[1094,1206,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">B. polaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. He gave the observation dates for most of the large female (queen) bumblebees (page lxiv) as June and July in
<date id="505AFEC9FF865E22FB4558A4705BF960" box="[1210,1381,1737,1763]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="1830" valueMax="1831">1830 and 1831</date>
. The main text of the report (e.g. page 566) places the expedition on these dates in the region around Cape
<collectingRegion id="E62016EBFF865E22FADE58807046F884" box="[1313,1400,1773,1799]" country="Philippines" name="Isabela" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Isabella</collectingRegion>
on the isthmus of the Boothia Peninsula.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF865E22FF3859587163F814" blockId="34.[151,1437,153,1943]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF865E22FF38595874C9F8CC" bold="true" box="[199,503,1844,1871]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Taxonomy and variation.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF865E22FE00595877F2F8CC" box="[511,716,1845,1871]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirbiellus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF865E22FE00595877F2F8CC" box="[511,716,1845,1871]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Bombus kirbiellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has often been considered part of
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF865E22FBA7595B71E1F8CC" box="[1112,1247,1845,1871]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balteatus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF865E22FBA7595B71E1F8CC" box="[1112,1247,1845,1871]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">B. balteatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but has recently been recognized as separate from evidence of a species coalescent in the COI gene (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF865E22FBAE59347003F8F0" author="Williams" box="[1105,1341,1880,1907]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref51372" refString="Williams, P. H., Byvaltsev, A. M., Cederberg, B., Berezin, M. V., Odegaard, F., Rasmussen, C., et al. (2015) Genes suggest ancestral colour polymorphisms are shared across morphologically cryptic species in arctic bumblebees. PLoS ONE, 10, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0144544" type="journal article" year="2015">
Williams
<emphasis id="1690041BFF865E22FB3E593771C4F8F0" box="[1217,1274,1881,1907]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF865E22FAB5593470B0F8F0" box="[1354,1422,1881,1907]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1663,1688]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,563,1642]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,561,1644]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. Estimate of the metric gene tree for the 54 longest unique COI-barcode alleles of the subgenus Alpinobombus from MrBayes combined with the Bayesian Poisson-tree-process (PTP) solution with the highest support with spots showing the nodes with the strongest support as coalescents for candidate species (outgroup B. ignitus not shown). Values above the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities showing branch support for groups; values below the nodes are PTP Bayesian support values that all daughter alleles are parts of a single species (probabilities within candidate species are all ≤ 0.44). The scale bar is calibrated in substitutions per nucleotide site. Each unique allele is represented by one of the longest available sample sequences, labelled with: the sequence length in number of nucleotides, a taxon name or name describing an unpublished colour pattern, and then a code that consists of a specimen identifier (AL#n) from the project database and (after the hyphen) a sample identifier from BOLD or GenBank, followed with its geographic origin (for simplicity Greenland is included without Denmark)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268187/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF865E22FF685910745CF814" box="[151,354,1917,1943]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirbiellus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF865E22FF685910745CF814" box="[151,354,1917,1943]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Bombus kirbiellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is vicariant with
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF865E22FDDA59137795F814" box="[549,683,1917,1943]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balteatus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF865E22FDDA59137795F814" box="[549,683,1917,1943]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">B. balteatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
across the Bering Strait (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF865E22FC385910711AF814" box="[967,1060,1916,1943]" captionStart="FIGURES 59‒76" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1870,1895]" captionTargetBox="[253,1363,172,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[197,1391,166,1850]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 59‒76. 59: Bombus balteatus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 60‒76 colour patterns (as for Figs.16‒21): 60 (#540) Russia-Krasnoyask; 61 (#119) Sweden; 62 (#541) Russia-Krasnoyarsk; 63 (#542) Russia-Krasnoyarsk; 64 (#117) Mongolia; 65 (#534) Russia-Kamchatka; 66 (#3841) Norway; 67 (#738) Russia-Kamchatka; 68 (#971) Russia- Kamchatka; 69 (#535) Russia-Kamchatka; 70 (#973) Russia-Kamchatka; 71 (#880) Russia-Kamchatka; 72 (#536) Russia-Kamchatka; 73 (#228) Norway; 74 (#392) Sweden; 75 (#3843) Norway; 76 (#538) Russia-Kamchatka." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268201/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figs. 59</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF865E22FBCF5910716EF814" box="[1072,1104,1917,1943]" captionStart="FIGURES 77‒88" captionStartId="35.[151,264,1891,1916]" captionTargetBox="[233,1361,174,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[166,1421,166,1871]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 77‒88. 77: Bombus kirbiellus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 78‒88 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 78 (#556) Canada-Nunavut; 79 (#294) Canada-Nunavut; 80 (#100) Canada-Nunavut; 81 (#3791) USA-Colorado; 82 (#3790) USA-Colorado; 83 (#3765) Canada-Nunavut; 84 (#3792) USA-Colorado; 85 (#3797) USA-Colorado; 86 (#4915) USA Alaska; 87 (#3768) Canada-Nunavut; 88 (#3812) USA-Colorado." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268203/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">77</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="709B8881FF875E23FF68590E77E3F86B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268203/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" startId="35.[151,264,1891,1916]" targetBox="[233,1361,174,1820]" targetPageId="35">
<paragraph id="245BD809FF875E23FF68590E77E3F86B" blockId="35.[151,1437,1891,2024]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF875E23FF68590E746EF8FF" bold="true" box="[151,336,1891,1916]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">FIGURES 77‒88</emphasis>
. 77:
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF875E23FE78590E777FF8F8" box="[391,577,1891,1915]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirbiellus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF875E23FE78590E777FF8F8" box="[391,577,1891,1915]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Bombus kirbiellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 78
<emphasis id="1690041BFF875E23FC2A590976DCF8FF" bold="true" box="[981,994,1892,1916]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">‒</emphasis>
88 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16
<emphasis id="1690041BFF875E23FABA5909706CF8FF" bold="true" box="[1349,1362,1892,1916]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">‒</emphasis>
21): 78 (#556) Canada-Nunavut; 79 (#294) Canada-Nunavut; 80 (#100) Canada-Nunavut; 81 (#3791) USA-Colorado; 82 (#3790) USA-Colorado; 83 (#3765) Canada-Nunavut; 84 (#3792) USA-Colorado; 85 (#3797) USA-Colorado; 86 (#4915) USA Alaska; 87 (#3768) Canada-Nunavut; 88 (#3812) USA-Colorado.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF805E24FF385EF471CFFEC0" blockId="36.[151,1437,153,1296]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
Variation in the colour pattern has been illustrated and analysed previously (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF805E24FBCD5EF47021FF30" author="Williams" box="[1074,1311,153,179]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref51722" refString="Williams, P. H., Thorp, R. W., Richardson, L. L. &amp; Colla, S. R. (2014) Bumble bees of North America. An identification guide. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 208 pp." type="book" year="2014">
Williams
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FB5C5EF771E0FF30" box="[1187,1246,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
(under the name
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF805E24FF255ED37461FF54" box="[218,351,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balteatus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FF255ED37461FF54" box="[218,351,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">B. balteatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF805E24FE8A5ED07764FF54" author="Williams" box="[373,602,188,215]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref51372" refString="Williams, P. H., Byvaltsev, A. M., Cederberg, B., Berezin, M. V., Odegaard, F., Rasmussen, C., et al. (2015) Genes suggest ancestral colour polymorphisms are shared across morphologically cryptic species in arctic bumblebees. PLoS ONE, 10, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0144544" type="journal article" year="2015">
Williams
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FE1F5ED37726FF54" box="[480,536,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
). The colour pattern with yellow on T4‒5 (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF805E24FBCD5ED07189FF54" box="[1074,1207,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURES 77‒88" captionStartId="35.[151,264,1891,1916]" captionTargetBox="[233,1361,174,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[166,1421,166,1871]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 77‒88. 77: Bombus kirbiellus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 78‒88 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 78 (#556) Canada-Nunavut; 79 (#294) Canada-Nunavut; 80 (#100) Canada-Nunavut; 81 (#3791) USA-Colorado; 82 (#3790) USA-Colorado; 83 (#3765) Canada-Nunavut; 84 (#3792) USA-Colorado; 85 (#3797) USA-Colorado; 86 (#4915) USA Alaska; 87 (#3768) Canada-Nunavut; 88 (#3812) USA-Colorado." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268203/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figs. 78‒79</figureCitation>
) is known to us only from Nunavut. Otherwise the principal variation in this species is in whether the pale hair of T4‒5 is predominantly orange (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF805E24FF0C5F6874F1FE9C" box="[243,463,260,287]" captionStart="FIGURES 77‒88" captionStartId="35.[151,264,1891,1916]" captionTargetBox="[233,1361,174,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[166,1421,166,1871]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 77‒88. 77: Bombus kirbiellus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 78‒88 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 78 (#556) Canada-Nunavut; 79 (#294) Canada-Nunavut; 80 (#100) Canada-Nunavut; 81 (#3791) USA-Colorado; 82 (#3790) USA-Colorado; 83 (#3765) Canada-Nunavut; 84 (#3792) USA-Colorado; 85 (#3797) USA-Colorado; 86 (#4915) USA Alaska; 87 (#3768) Canada-Nunavut; 88 (#3812) USA-Colorado." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268203/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figs. 80‒83, 85‒87</figureCitation>
) or predominantly black (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF805E24FD0A5F687641FE9C" box="[757,895,261,287]" captionStart="FIGURES 77‒88" captionStartId="35.[151,264,1891,1916]" captionTargetBox="[233,1361,174,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[166,1421,166,1871]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 77‒88. 77: Bombus kirbiellus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 78‒88 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 78 (#556) Canada-Nunavut; 79 (#294) Canada-Nunavut; 80 (#100) Canada-Nunavut; 81 (#3791) USA-Colorado; 82 (#3790) USA-Colorado; 83 (#3765) Canada-Nunavut; 84 (#3792) USA-Colorado; 85 (#3797) USA-Colorado; 86 (#4915) USA Alaska; 87 (#3768) Canada-Nunavut; 88 (#3812) USA-Colorado." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268203/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figs. 84, 88</figureCitation>
). The colour pattern from Lake Hazen on Elles- mere
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF805E24FF295F447424FEC0" box="[214,282,297,323]" name="Iceland" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Island</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF805E24FED55F447445FEC0" box="[298,379,297,323]" captionStart="FIGURES 77‒88" captionStartId="35.[151,264,1891,1916]" captionTargetBox="[233,1361,174,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[166,1421,166,1871]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 77‒88. 77: Bombus kirbiellus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 78‒88 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 78 (#556) Canada-Nunavut; 79 (#294) Canada-Nunavut; 80 (#100) Canada-Nunavut; 81 (#3791) USA-Colorado; 82 (#3790) USA-Colorado; 83 (#3765) Canada-Nunavut; 84 (#3792) USA-Colorado; 85 (#3797) USA-Colorado; 86 (#4915) USA Alaska; 87 (#3768) Canada-Nunavut; 88 (#3812) USA-Colorado." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268203/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 83</figureCitation>
) has the side of the thorax predominantly black, resembling some
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF805E24FB9A5F4771D5FEC0" box="[1125,1259,297,323]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balteatus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FB9A5F4771D5FEC0" box="[1125,1259,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">B. balteatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF805E24FF385F207063FE08" blockId="36.[151,1437,153,1296]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
Individuals with both the orange-tailed and black-tailed colour patterns share some of the same alleles, although there may be some variation in the relative frequency of the two patterns with latitude (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF805E24FB985F1C706FFE08" author="Williams" box="[1127,1361,368,395]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref51372" refString="Williams, P. H., Byvaltsev, A. M., Cederberg, B., Berezin, M. V., Odegaard, F., Rasmussen, C., et al. (2015) Genes suggest ancestral colour polymorphisms are shared across morphologically cryptic species in arctic bumblebees. PLoS ONE, 10, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0144544" type="journal article" year="2015">
Williams
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FB2A5F1F7033FE08" box="[1237,1293,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FF805E24FF385FF977D6FBFC" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="245BD809FF805E24FF385FF977F3FC48" blockId="36.[151,1437,153,1296]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FF385FF9748EFE2C" bold="true" box="[199,432,404,431]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Material examined.</emphasis>
257 queens
<specimenCount id="32E21380FF805E24FDC55FF977FAFE2C" box="[570,708,404,431]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="worker">512 workers</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="32E21380FF805E24FD355FF87602FE2C" box="[714,828,405,431]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="male">307 males</specimenCount>
(plus 166 individuals with sex or caste undetermined), from
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF805E24FF275FD47430FE50" box="[216,270,441,467]" name="United States of America" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">USA</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF805E24FEB45FD474A1FE50" box="[331,415,441,467]" name="Canada" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Canada</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF805E24FE4E5FD47737FE50" box="[433,521,441,467]" captionStart="FIGURES 77‒88" captionStartId="35.[151,264,1891,1916]" captionTargetBox="[233,1361,174,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[166,1421,166,1871]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 77‒88. 77: Bombus kirbiellus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 78‒88 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 78 (#556) Canada-Nunavut; 79 (#294) Canada-Nunavut; 80 (#100) Canada-Nunavut; 81 (#3791) USA-Colorado; 82 (#3790) USA-Colorado; 83 (#3765) Canada-Nunavut; 84 (#3792) USA-Colorado; 85 (#3797) USA-Colorado; 86 (#4915) USA Alaska; 87 (#3768) Canada-Nunavut; 88 (#3812) USA-Colorado." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268203/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 77</figureCitation>
:
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<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF805E24FD8A5FD47784FE50" box="[629,698,441,467]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/q49p-qw3v" name="USDA, Agriculture Research Service, Pollinating Insects-- Biology, Management and Systematics Research" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="Museum">BBSL</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF805E24FD3B5FD477C0FE50" box="[708,766,441,467]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">CNC</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF805E24FCF75FD4766EFE50" box="[776,848,441,467]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" name="California State Collection of Arthropods" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="Museum">CSCA</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF805E24FCA65FD47699FE50" box="[857,935,441,467]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:1013" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:1013" name="Essig Museum of Entomology" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="University or college">EMEC</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF805E24FC4E5FD476CCFE50" box="[945,1010,441,467]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34797" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34797" name="Illinois Natural History Survey" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">INHS</collectionCode>
JT
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF805E24FBDC5FD4714AFE50" box="[1059,1140,441,467]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="Museum">LACM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF805E24FB815FD471D6FE50" box="[1150,1256,441,467]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
PR
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF805E24FAE15FD47057FE50" box="[1310,1385,441,467]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/66ra-d50z" name="The Packer Collection at York University" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="University or college">PCYU</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF805E24FA8C5FD470A2FE50" box="[1395,1436,441,467]" country="Thailand" name="Paleontological Collections" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">PW</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF805E24FF685FB075D8FE74" box="[151,230,477,503]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y0m7-ndws" name="Patuxent Wildlife Research Center" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">PWRC</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF805E24FF105FB0747EFE74" box="[239,320,477,503]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/gayt-20cg" name="Royal British Columbia Museum" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="Museum">RBCM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF805E24FEB65FB074A9FE74" box="[329,407,477,503]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/m6b1-7k8z" name="Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">RMBL</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF805E24FE5F5FB074DEFE74" box="[416,480,477,503]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34778" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34778" name="Royal Ontario Museum" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="Museum">ROM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF805E24FE175FB0771DFE74" box="[488,547,477,503]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7sv4-pazk" name="Royal Scottish Museum" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">RSM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF805E24FDD35FB07744FE74" box="[556,634,477,503]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">RUAC</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF805E24FD7C5FB077F1FE74" box="[643,719,477,503]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34264" name="University of Kansas - Biodiversity Institute" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="Museum">SEMC</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF805E24FD275FB07627FE74" box="[728,793,477,503]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/77v7-7va6" name="University of Alaska Museum" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="Museum">UAM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF805E24FCDD5FB07663FE74" box="[802,861,477,503]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nw7q-krra" name="University of California, Davis" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">UCD</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF805E24FC995FB076F0FE74" box="[870,974,477,503]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">UCMNH</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF805E24FC285FB0712AFE74" box="[983,1044,477,503]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34783" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34783" name="University of Guelph" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">UOG</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF805E24FBE35FB0718BFE74" box="[1052,1205,477,503]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">WRMEYPM</collectionCode>
), with
<specimenCount id="32E21380FF805E24FAFC5FB070A3FE74" box="[1283,1437,477,503]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="generic">27 specimens</specimenCount>
barcoded.A record for Bartlett Bay plotted for Ellesmere Island by
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF805E24FC805C6C714CFD98" author="Williams" box="[895,1138,513,539]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref51722" refString="Williams, P. H., Thorp, R. W., Richardson, L. L. &amp; Colla, S. R. (2014) Bumble bees of North America. An identification guide. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 208 pp." type="book" year="2014">
Williams
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FC155C6F7124FD98" box="[1002,1050,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al</emphasis>
. (2014)
</bibRefCitation>
is corrected here to Alaska from revised information on the location of this site (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF805E24FCFF5C4876F9FDBC" author="Mackovjak" box="[768,967,549,575]" firstAuthor="Mackovjak" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref46005" refString="Mackovjak, J. (2010) Navigating troubled waters: part 1: a history of commercial fishing in Glacier Bay, Alaska. United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Gustavus, Alaska. [unkown pagination]" type="book" year="2010">Mackovjak 2010</bibRefCitation>
). The records of
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF805E24FB725C4B75DCFDE0" authority="in Milliron (1973)" authorityName="in Milliron" authorityYear="1973" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balteatus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FB725C4B7028FDBC" box="[1165,1302,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">B. balteatus</emphasis>
in
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF805E24FAC05C4875DCFDE0" author="Milliron" firstAuthor="Milliron" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="81 - 237" refId="ref46901" refString="Milliron, H. E. (1973) A monograph of the western hemisphere bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae; Bombinae). II. The genus Megabombus subgenus Megabombus. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 89, 81 - 237. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 10589 fv" type="journal article" year="1973">Milliron (1973)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from Alaska and northern
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF805E24FDEE5C24775BFDE0" box="[529,613,585,611]" name="Canada" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Canada</collectingCountry>
are believed to be misidentifications of
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF805E24FBD55C27718DFDE0" box="[1066,1203,585,611]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirbiellus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FBD55C27718DFDE0" box="[1066,1203,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">B. kirbiellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Six dark specimens (#1618, 3763‒3766, 4250) from the far north of
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF805E24FD425C00762FFD04" box="[701,785,621,647]" name="Canada" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Canada</collectingCountry>
at Lake Hazen (Ellesmere Island), from samples taken in 1961, 1967, and 2010, have been identified here as
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF805E24FD155CFF764BFD28" box="[746,885,657,683]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirbiellus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FD155CFF764BFD28" box="[746,885,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">B. kirbiellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The nearest known populations of this species, probably on the Boothia Peninsula of Nunavut (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF805E24FD495CD87601FD4C" author="Curtis" box="[694,831,692,719]" firstAuthor="Curtis" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref41860" refString="Curtis, J. (1835) Insects. Descriptions, etc. of the insects brought home by Commander James Clark Ross, R. N., F. R. S. &amp; c. In: J. Ross, Appendix to the narrative of a second voyage in search of a North-West Passage, and of a residence in the arctic regions during the years 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832, 1833, Baudry, London, pp. lix-lxxx." type="journal volume" year="1835">Curtis 1835</bibRefCitation>
), appear to be distantly disjunct. This apparent gap is curious.
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF805E24FF075CB474FDFD70" box="[248,451,729,755]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirbiellus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FF075CB474FDFD70" box="[248,451,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Bombus kirbiellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not recorded from Lake Hazen either by
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF805E24FC3B5CB471CEFD77" author="Milliron and Oliver" box="[964,1264,729,756]" firstAuthor="Milliron" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="207 - 213" refId="ref46959" refString="Milliron, H. E. &amp; Oliver, D. R. (1966) Bumblebees from northern Ellesmere Island, with observations on usurpation by Megabombus hyperboreus (Schonh.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Canadian Entomologist, 98, 207 - 213. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 98207 - 2" type="journal article" year="1966">Milliron and Oliver (1966)</bibRefCitation>
or by
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF805E24FAC65CB475D8FC94" author="Richards" firstAuthor="Richards" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="115 - 157" refId="ref48995" refString="Richards, K. W. (1973) Biology of Bombus polaris Curtis and B. hyperboreus Schonherr at Lake Hazen, Northwest Territories (Hymenoptera: Bombini). Quaestiones entomologicae, 9, 115 - 157." type="journal article" year="1973">Richards (1973)</bibRefCitation>
. The species may be rare in northern Nunavut. The colour pattern from Lake Hazen has a dark side to the thorax, similar to some Old World individuals of
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF805E24FD3E5D4F7679FCB8" authorityName="in Milliron" authorityYear="1973" box="[705,839,801,827]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balteatus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FD3E5D4F7679FCB8" box="[705,839,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">B. balteatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and is less easy to distinguish from the locally more abundant
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF805E24FEF95D2B744AFCDC" box="[262,372,837,863]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polaris">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FEF95D2B744AFCDC" box="[262,372,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">B. polaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This difference in colour pattern from their relatives further south in the New World makes a recent introduction from the southern population a less likely explanation of the apparently isolated Lake Hazen population. Alternatively these northern bees could be a relic from a darker population that was once more widespread during a previous warm interglacial period.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF805E24FF385DB977D6FBFC" blockId="36.[151,1437,153,1296]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FF385DB974CAFC6C" bold="true" box="[199,500,980,1007]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Habitat and distribution.</emphasis>
Flower-rich arctic/alpine tundra and subalpine meadows in the New World excluding
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF805E24FF3D5D947404FB90" box="[194,314,1017,1043]" name="Greenland" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Greenland</collectingCountry>
, north to the Boothia Peninsula as well as disjunctly in Ellesmere Island and east to Newfoundland, extending southwards into the subarctic region in the Aleutian Islands and Hudson Bay, and in the alpine zone of the southern Rocky and Californian Sierra Nevada mountains. Regional distribution maps (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF805E24FB935A2C7033FBD8" author="Milliron" box="[1132,1293,1089,1115]" firstAuthor="Milliron" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="81 - 237" refId="ref46901" refString="Milliron, H. E. (1973) A monograph of the western hemisphere bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae; Bombinae). II. The genus Megabombus subgenus Megabombus. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 89, 81 - 237. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 10589 fv" type="journal article" year="1973">Milliron 1973</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF805E24FAE65A2C75ECFBFC" author="Thorp" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Thorp" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref50543" refString="Thorp, R. W., Horning, D. S. &amp; Dunning, L. L. (1983) Bumble bees and cuckoo bumble bees of California (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Bulletin of the California Insect Survey, 23, i-viii + 1 - 79." type="journal article" year="1983">
Thorp
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FA9B5A2F70A3FBD8" box="[1380,1437,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
1983
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF805E24FF215A0874D7FBFC" author="Laverty &amp; Harder" box="[222,489,1125,1151]" firstAuthor="Laverty" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="965 - 987" refId="ref45386" refString="Laverty, T. M. &amp; Harder, L. D. (1988) The bumble bees of eastern Canada. Canadian Entomologist, 120, 965 - 987. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 120965 - 11" type="journal article" year="1988">Laverty &amp; Harder 1988</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF805E24FE0B5A0877E2FBFC" author="Williams" box="[500,732,1125,1151]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref51722" refString="Williams, P. H., Thorp, R. W., Richardson, L. L. &amp; Colla, S. R. (2014) Bumble bees of North America. An identification guide. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 208 pp." type="book" year="2014">
Williams
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FD9F5A0B77A7FBFC" box="[608,665,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FF805E24FF385AE476EBFA8C" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="description">
<paragraph id="245BD809FF805E24FF385AE476EAFB20" blockId="36.[151,1437,153,1296]" box="[199,980,1161,1187]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FF385AE47465FB20" bold="true" box="[199,347,1161,1187]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Food plants.</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF805E24FE965AE47735FB20" author="Milliron" box="[361,523,1161,1187]" firstAuthor="Milliron" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="81 - 237" refId="ref46901" refString="Milliron, H. E. (1973) A monograph of the western hemisphere bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae; Bombinae). II. The genus Megabombus subgenus Megabombus. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 89, 81 - 237. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 10589 fv" type="journal article" year="1973">Milliron 1973</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF805E24FDE95AE477E5FB20" author="Thorp" box="[534,731,1161,1187]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Thorp" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref50543" refString="Thorp, R. W., Horning, D. S. &amp; Dunning, L. L. (1983) Bumble bees and cuckoo bumble bees of California (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Bulletin of the California Insect Survey, 23, i-viii + 1 - 79." type="journal article" year="1983">
Thorp
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FD9E5AE777A4FB20" box="[609,666,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
1983
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF805E24FD185AE476F2FB20" author="Williams" box="[743,972,1161,1187]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref51722" refString="Williams, P. H., Thorp, R. W., Richardson, L. L. &amp; Colla, S. R. (2014) Bumble bees of North America. An identification guide. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 208 pp." type="book" year="2014">
Williams
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FCAC5AE776B5FB20" box="[851,907,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF805E24FF385AC174D4FB4B" blockId="36.[151,1437,153,1296]" box="[199,490,1196,1224]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FF385AC17476FB44" bold="true" box="[199,328,1196,1223]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Behaviour.</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF805E24FEA85AC074DFFB4B" author="Hobbs" box="[343,481,1197,1224]" firstAuthor="Hobbs" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1465 - 1470" refId="ref44337" refString="Hobbs, G. A. (1964) Ecology of species of Bombus Latr. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in southern Alberta. I. Subgenus Alpinobombus Skor. The Canadian Entomologist, 96, 1465 - 1470. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 961465 - 11" type="journal article" year="1964">Hobbs 1964</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF805E24FF385ABD76EBFA8C" blockId="36.[151,1437,153,1296]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FF385ABD7485FB68" bold="true" box="[199,443,1232,1259]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Conservation status.</emphasis>
This species has not yet been fully assessed for Red List threat status using IUCN criteria (2001).
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF805E24FF0F5A9874D7FA93" author="Hatfield" box="[240,489,1269,1296]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Hatfield" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref43632" refString="Hatfield, R., Jepsen, S., Thorp, R. W., Richardson, L., Colla, S. &amp; Foltz-Jordan, S. (2016 a) Bombus kirbiellus. The IUCN Red List of threatened species 2016. https: // doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2016 - 1. RLTS. T 88088737 A 88291693. en" type="journal volume" year="2016" yearSuffix="a">
Hatfield
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FEAC5A9B74BAFA8C" box="[339,388,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al</emphasis>
. (2016a)
</bibRefCitation>
have listed
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF805E24FD905A9B77C6FA8C" box="[623,760,1269,1295]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirbiellus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF805E24FD905A9B77C6FA8C" box="[623,760,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">B. kirbiellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as ‘Data deficient’.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

520
data/AC/4D/69/AC4D691FFF8D5E29FF685FE77685F879.xml Normal file
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<mods:title id="D8B1FE34A9CA724D4A55670B38193DF9">The arctic and alpine bumblebees of the subgenus Alpinobombus revised from integrative assessment of species’ gene coalescents and morphology (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F596F8F671DBC5BE691E410B0471B4B2">Richardson, Leif L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9FCE303603B5F7358ACE3E1FEA36CD3E">Rykken, Jessica</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="245BD809FF8D5E29FF685FE774D2FE27" blockId="41.[151,492,393,456]" box="[151,492,393,420]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<heading id="7F136F65FF8D5E29FF685FE774D2FE27" bold="true" box="[151,492,393,420]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" reason="1">
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8.
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8D5E29FF4A5FE474D2FE27" ID-CoL="MFQX" authority="Richards" authorityName="Richards" box="[181,492,393,420]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natvigi">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FF4A5FE4744CFE27" bold="true" box="[181,370,393,420]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Bombus natvigi</emphasis>
Richards
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<paragraph id="245BD809FF8D5E29FF685FC37487FE4B" blockId="41.[151,492,393,456]" box="[151,441,430,456]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
(
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8D5E29FF5E5FC3747CFE4B" box="[161,322,430,456]" captionStart="FIGURES 116‒123" captionStartId="42.[151,264,1934,1959]" captionTargetBox="[229,1385,174,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[161,1427,166,1914]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURES 116‒123. 116: Bombus natvigi global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 117‒123 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 117 (#3519) Canada-Nunavut; 118 (#184) Canada-Nunavut; 119 (#3551) Canada-Nunavut; 120 (#3546) Canada-Nunavut; 121 (#79) USA-Alaska; 122 (#3557) Canada-Northwest Territories; 123 (#82) Canada-Northwest Territories." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268209/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Figs. 116‒123</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8D5E29FEB15FC37444FE4B" box="[334,378,430,456]" captionStart="FIGURES 129‒137" captionStartId="45.[151,264,1802,1827]" captionTargetBox="[171,1400,212,1747]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[151,1436,181,1782]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 129‒137. Morphology of the male genitalia for species of the subgenus Alpinobombus from the dorsal aspect, anterior to the left of the image, posterior to the right: 129 B. alpinus (#3824); 130 B pyrrhopygus (#3833); 131 B. polaris (#73); 132 B. balteatus (#3843); 133 B. kirbiellus (#3768); 134 B. neoboreus (#4387); 135 B. kluanensis (#4876); 136 B. natvigi (#81); 137 B. hyperboreus (#3821)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268213/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">136</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8D5E29FE795FC3748EFE4B" box="[390,432,430,456]" captionStart="FIGURES 144‒147" captionStartId="51.[151,264,1282,1307]" captionTargetBox="[151,1409,166,1244]" captionTargetId="figure@51.[151,1409,166,1263]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURES 144‒147. Morphology of males. Dorsal aspect of the penis valves of: 144, B. natvigi; 145, B. neoboreus (white lines indicate location of the subapical outer tooth of the left penis valve). Dorsal aspect of left gonostylus: 146 B. kirbiellus; 147, B. polaris (white lines indicate anterior, midpoint, and posterior median projections of left gonostylus)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268221/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">144</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FF8D5E29FF685F80705AFD5F" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="245BD809FF8D5E29FF685F80715EFDC1" blockId="41.[151,1437,492,854]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FF685F80759BFD86" box="[151,165,493,517]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">&lt;</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8D5E29FF5A5F80778AFD86" ID-CoL="MFL6" authority="Richards 1931" authorityName="Richards" authorityPageNumber="9" authorityYear="1931" box="[165,692,492,517]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FF5A5F8074B1FD86" box="[165,399,493,517]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Bombus hyperboreus&gt;</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FE3E5F807739FD87" box="[449,519,493,516]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">natvigi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8D5E29FDF25F81778AFD86" author="Richards" box="[525,692,492,517]" firstAuthor="Richards" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref49035" refString="Richards, O. W. (1931) Some notes on the humble-bees allied to Bombus alpinus, L. TromsO Museums Arshefter, 50, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1931">Richards 1931:9</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, type-locality citation ‘Vinterhavnen, Greenland’.
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFF8D5E29FB4E5F817031FD86" box="[1201,1295,492,517]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male (#5014) by monotypy, ZMO examined FØ, photo of specimen and genitalia examined PW, ‘Vinter / havnen’ (
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF8D5E29FB225C667073FDA7" box="[1245,1357,523,548]" name="Greenland" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Greenland</collectingCountry>
). Status revised to
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8D5E29FECE5C477711FDC1" ID-CoL="MFQX" authority="Richards" authorityName="Richards" box="[305,559,553,578]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natvigi">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FECE5C4774F1FDC1" box="[305,463,554,578]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Bombus natvigi</emphasis>
Richards
</taxonomicName>
suggested by
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8D5E29FD405C44768AFDC1" author="Williams, P. H. &amp; Cannings, S. G. &amp; Sheffield, C. S." box="[703,948,553,578]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 13" part="50" refId="ref51452" refString="Williams, P. H., Cannings, S. G. &amp; Sheffield, C. S. (2016) Cryptic subarctic diversity: a new bumblebee species from the Yukon and Alaska (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Journal of Natural History, 50, 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2016.1214294" title="Cryptic subarctic diversity: a new bumblebee species from the Yukon and Alaska (Hymenoptera, Apidae)" type="journal article" year="2016">
Williams
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FCDE5C467670FDC1" box="[801,846,554,578]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">et al</emphasis>
. (2016:2)
</bibRefCitation>
, confirmed here.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF8D5E29FF685C2474F2FD1D" blockId="41.[151,1437,492,854]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8D5E29FF685C2477B1FDE2" ID-CoL="7JF2P" authority="Friese 1935: 4" authorityName="Friese" authorityPageNumber="4" authorityYear="1935" box="[151,655,584,609]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="hyperboreus" variety="vulpinus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FF685C247453FDE2" box="[151,365,585,609]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Bombus hyperboreus</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FE5F5C2474C8FDE2" box="[416,502,585,609]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">vulpinus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8D5E29FE035C2577B1FDE2" author="Friese" box="[508,655,584,609]" firstAuthor="Friese" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref43039" refString="Friese, H. (1935) Apiden aus Nordst-Gronland. Zoological results of the Norwegian Scientific Expedition to East Greenland, IV, 25." type="book" year="1935">Friese 1935:4</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, type-locality citation ‘Kong Oscars Fjord Vegasund’ (
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF8D5E29FB225C257073FDE2" box="[1245,1357,584,609]" name="Greenland" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Greenland</collectingCountry>
).
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFF8D5E29FA935C2475CDFD03" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
females, not seen (identity not in doubt). Synonymisation with
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8D5E29FC865C0A7149FD03" ID-CoL="MFQX" authority="Richards" authorityName="Richards" box="[889,1143,615,640]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natvigi">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FC865C0A7129FDFC" box="[889,1047,615,639]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Bombus natvigi</emphasis>
Richards
</taxonomicName>
suggested by
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8D5E29FAF85C0A741FFD1D" author="Williams, P. H. &amp; Cannings, S. G. &amp; Sheffield, C. S." journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 13" part="50" refId="ref51452" refString="Williams, P. H., Cannings, S. G. &amp; Sheffield, C. S. (2016) Cryptic subarctic diversity: a new bumblebee species from the Yukon and Alaska (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Journal of Natural History, 50, 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2016.1214294" title="Cryptic subarctic diversity: a new bumblebee species from the Yukon and Alaska (Hymenoptera, Apidae)" type="journal article" year="2016">
Williams
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FA955C0570A8FDFC" box="[1386,1430,615,639]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">et al</emphasis>
. (2016:2)
</bibRefCitation>
, confirmed here.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF8D5E29FF685CC8705AFD5F" blockId="41.[151,1437,492,854]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FF685CC874CAFD3E" box="[151,500,677,701]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8D5E29FF685CC87496FD3E" ID-CoL="7J99W" authority="Skorikov 1937" authorityName="Skorikov" authorityYear="1937" box="[151,424,677,701]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Alpinibombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">Alpinibombus hyperboreus</taxonomicName>
eskimo
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8D5E29FE055CC9778CFD3E" author="Skorikov" box="[506,690,676,701]" firstAuthor="Skorikov" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="37 - 64" refId="ref49648" refString="Skorikov, A. S. (1937) Die gronlandischen Hummeln im Aspekte der Zirkumpolarfauna. Entomologiske Meddelelser, 20, 37 - 64." type="journal article" year="1937">Skorikov 1937:57</bibRefCitation>
, type-locality citation ‘grönländischen’.
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFF8D5E29FBB25CC8719EFD3E" box="[1101,1184,677,701]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
series, not seen (identity not in doubt). Synonymisation with
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8D5E29FDCA5CAE760AFD5F" ID-CoL="MFQX" authority="Richards" authorityName="Richards" box="[565,820,707,732]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natvigi">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FDCA5CAE77EDFD58" box="[565,723,707,731]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Bombus natvigi</emphasis>
Richards
</taxonomicName>
suggested by
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8D5E29FC3B5CAE7187FD5F" author="Williams, P. H. &amp; Cannings, S. G. &amp; Sheffield, C. S." box="[964,1209,707,732]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 13" part="50" refId="ref51452" refString="Williams, P. H., Cannings, S. G. &amp; Sheffield, C. S. (2016) Cryptic subarctic diversity: a new bumblebee species from the Yukon and Alaska (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Journal of Natural History, 50, 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2016.1214294" title="Cryptic subarctic diversity: a new bumblebee species from the Yukon and Alaska (Hymenoptera, Apidae)" type="journal article" year="2016">
Williams
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FBD95CA9716CFD58" box="[1062,1106,707,731]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">et al</emphasis>
. (2016:2)
</bibRefCitation>
, confirmed here.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FF8D5E29FF685C8E749BFB60" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="description">
<paragraph id="245BD809FF8D5E29FF685C8E7192FD79" blockId="41.[151,1437,492,854]" box="[151,1196,737,762]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
[&lt;
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8D5E29FF515C8F7481FD79" box="[174,447,738,762]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Alpinibombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FF515C8F7481FD79" box="[174,447,738,762]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Alpinibombus hyperboreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&gt; mod.
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FDF25C8F77BCFD79" box="[525,642,738,762]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">natvigoides</emphasis>
, mod.
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FD375C8F760CFD79" box="[712,818,738,762]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">henrikseni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8D5E29FCC75C8C76CEFD79" author="Skorikov" box="[824,1008,737,762]" firstAuthor="Skorikov" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="37 - 64" refId="ref49648" refString="Skorikov, A. S. (1937) Die gronlandischen Hummeln im Aspekte der Zirkumpolarfauna. Entomologiske Meddelelser, 20, 37 - 64." type="journal article" year="1937">Skorikov 1937:57</bibRefCitation>
, infrasubspecific.]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF8D5E29FF685D6F7193FCD5" blockId="41.[151,1437,492,854]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FF685D6F7719FC9A" box="[151,551,769,793]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8D5E29FF685D6F7732FC95" box="[151,524,769,793]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus" subGenus="Alpinobombus">BOMBUS (ALPINOBOMBUS) HYPERBOREUS</taxonomicName>
&lt;
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="948CD254FF8D5E29FDD85D6C7193FCD5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2273437263" collectionCode="NHMUK, PW" country="Canada" county="Williams" location="Clyde Inlet" municipality="Synonymisation" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nunavut" typeStatus="holotype">
ssp.
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FDB15D6F77FBFC95" box="[590,709,770,793]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">&gt; CLYDENSIS</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8D5E29FD315D6C76B8FC9A" author="Yarrow" box="[718,902,768,793]" firstAuthor="Yarrow" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="151 - 152" refId="ref51879" refString="Yarrow, I. H. H. (1955) Bombus (Alpinobombus) hyperboreus clydensis, n. sp., from Baffin Island, North-West Territories, Canada. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 8, 151 - 152. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935508651840" type="journal article" year="1955">Yarrow 1955:151</bibRefCitation>
, type-locality citation ‘Clyde Inlet, Baffin Island’.
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFF8D5E29FF385D72741BFCBB" box="[199,293,799,824]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
queen (#184) by original designation,
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF8D5E29FD525D4D7633FCB4" box="[685,781,800,823]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
examined
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF8D5E29FC845D4D769FFCB4" box="[891,929,800,823]" country="Thailand" name="Paleontological Collections" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">PW</collectionCode>
, ‘
<location id="213B8ED2FF8D5E29FC505D72711AFCBB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC4D691FFF8D5E29FF685FE77685F879:213B8ED2FF8D5E29FC505D72711AFCBB" box="[943,1060,799,824]" country="Canada" county="Williams" municipality="Synonymisation" name="Clyde Inlet" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" stateProvince="Nunavut">Clyde Inlet</location>
/
<location id="213B8ED2FF8D5E29FBC75D7271A4FCBB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC4D691FFF8D5E29FF685FE77685F879:213B8ED2FF8D5E29FBC75D7271A4FCBB" box="[1080,1178,799,824]" country="Canada" county="Williams" municipality="Synonymisation" name="Baffin Id'" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" stateProvince="Nunavut">Baffin Id’</location>
(
<collectingRegion id="E62016EBFF8D5E29FB595D72703FFCB4" box="[1190,1281,799,823]" country="Canada" name="Nunavut" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Nunavut</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF8D5E29FAF35D727063FCBB" box="[1292,1373,799,824]" name="Canada" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Canada</collectingCountry>
).
<collectingMunicipality id="C43F4273FF8D5E29FA935D72747AFCD5" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Synonymisation</collectingMunicipality>
with
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8D5E29FE815D537743FCD5" authority="Richards" authorityName="Richards" box="[382,637,829,854]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natvigi">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FE815D537722FCD5" box="[382,540,830,854]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Bombus natvigi</emphasis>
Richards
</taxonomicName>
suggested by
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8D5E29FCF25D50713CFCD5" author="Williams, P. H. &amp; Cannings, S. G. &amp; Sheffield, C. S." box="[781,1026,829,854]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 13" part="50" refId="ref51452" refString="Williams, P. H., Cannings, S. G. &amp; Sheffield, C. S. (2016) Cryptic subarctic diversity: a new bumblebee species from the Yukon and Alaska (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Journal of Natural History, 50, 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2016.1214294" title="Cryptic subarctic diversity: a new bumblebee species from the Yukon and Alaska (Hymenoptera, Apidae)" type="journal article" year="2016">
<collectingCounty id="CD3AA085FF8D5E29FCF25D507657FCD5" box="[781,873,829,854]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Williams</collectingCounty>
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FC905D5276A5FCD5" box="[879,923,830,854]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">et al</emphasis>
. (2016:2)
</bibRefCitation>
, confirmed here.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF8D5E29FF685DE870B0FBAC" blockId="41.[151,1437,900,2043]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FF685DE874FFFC1C" bold="true" box="[151,449,900,927]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Taxonomy and variation.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8D5E29FE395DE9774AFC1D" box="[454,628,900,926]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natvigi">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FE395DE9774AFC1D" box="[454,628,900,926]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Bombus natvigi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has long been considered part of
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8D5E29FC1B5DE871B3FC1D" box="[996,1165,900,926]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FC1B5DE871B3FC1D" box="[996,1165,900,926]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">B. hyperboreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but has been recognized as separate from evidence of a species coalescent in the COI gene (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8D5E29FC755DC5714DFC40" author="Williams" box="[906,1139,936,963]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref51372" refString="Williams, P. H., Byvaltsev, A. M., Cederberg, B., Berezin, M. V., Odegaard, F., Rasmussen, C., et al. (2015) Genes suggest ancestral colour polymorphisms are shared across morphologically cryptic species in arctic bumblebees. PLoS ONE, 10, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0144544" type="journal article" year="2015">
Williams
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FC075DC4710FFC41" box="[1016,1073,936,962]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8D5E29FB805DC571FDFC40" box="[1151,1219,936,963]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1663,1688]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,563,1642]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,561,1644]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. Estimate of the metric gene tree for the 54 longest unique COI-barcode alleles of the subgenus Alpinobombus from MrBayes combined with the Bayesian Poisson-tree-process (PTP) solution with the highest support with spots showing the nodes with the strongest support as coalescents for candidate species (outgroup B. ignitus not shown). Values above the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities showing branch support for groups; values below the nodes are PTP Bayesian support values that all daughter alleles are parts of a single species (probabilities within candidate species are all ≤ 0.44). The scale bar is calibrated in substitutions per nucleotide site. Each unique allele is represented by one of the longest available sample sequences, labelled with: the sequence length in number of nucleotides, a taxon name or name describing an unpublished colour pattern, and then a code that consists of a specimen identifier (AL#n) from the project database and (after the hyphen) a sample identifier from BOLD or GenBank, followed with its geographic origin (for simplicity Greenland is included without Denmark)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268187/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). The support from bGMYC analysis for separation of
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FDD75DA07602FC65" box="[552,828,972,998]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8D5E29FDD75DA077FFFC65" authorityName="Williams &amp; Berezin &amp; Cannings &amp; Cederberg &amp; Ødegaard &amp; Rasmussen &amp; Richardson &amp; Rykken &amp; Sheffield &amp; Thanoosing &amp; Byvaltsev" authorityYear="2019" box="[552,705,972,998]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kluanensis">B. kluanensis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8D5E29FD315DA07602FC65" box="[718,828,973,998]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natvigi">B. natvigi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, and
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8D5E29FC835DA07119FC65" box="[892,1063,972,998]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FC835DA07119FC65" box="[892,1063,972,998]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">B. hyperboreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, was not as high as for the other species of
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8D5E29FEEE5D9D748DFB89" authorityName="Kruger" authorityYear="1917" box="[273,435,1008,1034]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Alpinobombus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FEEE5D9D748DFB89" box="[273,435,1008,1034]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Alpinobombus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8D5E29FE3B5D9D778DFB88" author="Williams" box="[452,691,1008,1035]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref51372" refString="Williams, P. H., Byvaltsev, A. M., Cederberg, B., Berezin, M. V., Odegaard, F., Rasmussen, C., et al. (2015) Genes suggest ancestral colour polymorphisms are shared across morphologically cryptic species in arctic bumblebees. PLoS ONE, 10, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0144544" type="journal article" year="2015">
Williams
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FDCB5D9C7750FB89" box="[564,622,1008,1034]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
), but
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8D5E29FD0A5D9C76B2FB89" authorityName="Williams &amp; Berezin &amp; Cannings &amp; Cederberg &amp; Ødegaard &amp; Rasmussen &amp; Richardson &amp; Rykken &amp; Sheffield &amp; Thanoosing &amp; Byvaltsev" authorityYear="2019" box="[757,908,1008,1034]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kluanensis">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FD0A5D9C76B2FB89" box="[757,908,1008,1034]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">B. kluanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily distinguished by its social behaviour with abundant workers.
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8D5E29FE595A79776BFBAD" box="[422,597,1044,1070]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natvigi">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FE595A79776BFBAD" box="[422,597,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Bombus natvigi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is vicariant with
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8D5E29FCE85A7876FFFBAD" box="[791,961,1044,1070]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FCE85A7876FFFBAD" box="[791,961,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">B. hyperboreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
across the Bering Strait (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8D5E29FB215A797076FBAD" box="[1246,1352,1044,1070]" captionStart="FIGURES 116‒123" captionStartId="42.[151,264,1934,1959]" captionTargetBox="[229,1385,174,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[161,1427,166,1914]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURES 116‒123. 116: Bombus natvigi global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 117‒123 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 117 (#3519) Canada-Nunavut; 118 (#184) Canada-Nunavut; 119 (#3551) Canada-Nunavut; 120 (#3546) Canada-Nunavut; 121 (#79) USA-Alaska; 122 (#3557) Canada-Northwest Territories; 123 (#82) Canada-Northwest Territories." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268209/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Figs. 116</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8D5E29FAAB5A7870BCFBAC" box="[1364,1410,1045,1071]" captionStart="FIGURES 124‒128" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1637,1662]" captionTargetBox="[323,1274,187,1574]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[267,1321,181,1618]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 124‒128. 124: Bombus hyperboreus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 125‒128 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒ 21): 125 (#39) Russia-Chukotka (Wrangel Island); 126 (#33) Russia-Magadan; 127 (#1258) Russia-Murmansk; 128 (#533) Russia-Sakha." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268211/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">124</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF8D5E29FF685A55749BFB60" blockId="41.[151,1437,900,2043]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
Variation in the colour pattern has been illustrated and analysed previously (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8D5E29FC1E5A5571FAFBD0" author="Williams" box="[993,1220,1080,1107]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref51722" refString="Williams, P. H., Thorp, R. W., Richardson, L. L. &amp; Colla, S. R. (2014) Bumble bees of North America. An identification guide. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 208 pp." type="book" year="2014">
Williams
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FBB15A5471B8FBD1" box="[1102,1158,1080,1106]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
(under the name
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8D5E29FA7B5A54741CFBF5" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FA7B5A54741CFBF5" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">B. hyperboreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8D5E29FEC65A31771FFBF4" author="Williams" box="[313,545,1116,1143]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref51372" refString="Williams, P. H., Byvaltsev, A. M., Cederberg, B., Berezin, M. V., Odegaard, F., Rasmussen, C., et al. (2015) Genes suggest ancestral colour polymorphisms are shared across morphologically cryptic species in arctic bumblebees. PLoS ONE, 10, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0144544" type="journal article" year="2015">
Williams
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FE5A5A3074E3FBF5" box="[421,477,1116,1142]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
). There is little variation in most females (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8D5E29FC085A317169FBF4" box="[1015,1111,1116,1143]" captionStart="FIGURES 116‒123" captionStartId="42.[151,264,1934,1959]" captionTargetBox="[229,1385,174,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[161,1427,166,1914]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURES 116‒123. 116: Bombus natvigi global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 117‒123 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 117 (#3519) Canada-Nunavut; 118 (#184) Canada-Nunavut; 119 (#3551) Canada-Nunavut; 120 (#3546) Canada-Nunavut; 121 (#79) USA-Alaska; 122 (#3557) Canada-Northwest Territories; 123 (#82) Canada-Northwest Territories." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268209/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 118</figureCitation>
), with occasional individuals having yellow hair intermixed on the upper side of the thorax (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8D5E29FCA45AED7683FB18" box="[859,957,1152,1179]" captionStart="FIGURES 116‒123" captionStartId="42.[151,264,1934,1959]" captionTargetBox="[229,1385,174,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[161,1427,166,1914]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURES 116‒123. 116: Bombus natvigi global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 117‒123 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 117 (#3519) Canada-Nunavut; 118 (#184) Canada-Nunavut; 119 (#3551) Canada-Nunavut; 120 (#3546) Canada-Nunavut; 121 (#79) USA-Alaska; 122 (#3557) Canada-Northwest Territories; 123 (#82) Canada-Northwest Territories." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268209/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 117</figureCitation>
). Males show greater variation, with intermixing of yellow hair extensively on the thorax (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8D5E29FD405AC9765EFB3C" box="[703,864,1188,1215]" captionStart="FIGURES 116‒123" captionStartId="42.[151,264,1934,1959]" captionTargetBox="[229,1385,174,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[161,1427,166,1914]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURES 116‒123. 116: Bombus natvigi global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 117‒123 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 117 (#3519) Canada-Nunavut; 118 (#184) Canada-Nunavut; 119 (#3551) Canada-Nunavut; 120 (#3546) Canada-Nunavut; 121 (#79) USA-Alaska; 122 (#3557) Canada-Northwest Territories; 123 (#82) Canada-Northwest Territories." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268209/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Figs. 119‒121</figureCitation>
) and on T5‒6 (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8D5E29FBF15AC97151FB3C" box="[1038,1135,1188,1215]" captionStart="FIGURES 116‒123" captionStartId="42.[151,264,1934,1959]" captionTargetBox="[229,1385,174,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[161,1427,166,1914]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURES 116‒123. 116: Bombus natvigi global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 117‒123 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 117 (#3519) Canada-Nunavut; 118 (#184) Canada-Nunavut; 119 (#3551) Canada-Nunavut; 120 (#3546) Canada-Nunavut; 121 (#79) USA-Alaska; 122 (#3557) Canada-Northwest Territories; 123 (#82) Canada-Northwest Territories." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268209/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 119</figureCitation>
), occasionally with orange hair on T6‒7 (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8D5E29FEC85AA574A6FB60" box="[311,408,1224,1251]" captionStart="FIGURES 116‒123" captionStartId="42.[151,264,1934,1959]" captionTargetBox="[229,1385,174,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[161,1427,166,1914]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURES 116‒123. 116: Bombus natvigi global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 117‒123 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 117 (#3519) Canada-Nunavut; 118 (#184) Canada-Nunavut; 119 (#3551) Canada-Nunavut; 120 (#3546) Canada-Nunavut; 121 (#79) USA-Alaska; 122 (#3557) Canada-Northwest Territories; 123 (#82) Canada-Northwest Territories." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268209/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 119</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FF8D5E29FF385A8170BCFA5C" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="245BD809FF8D5E29FF385A8175DCFACD" blockId="41.[151,1437,900,2043]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FF385A81748CFA84" bold="true" box="[199,434,1260,1287]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="948CD254FF8D5E29FE455A8075DCFACD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2412500454" collectionCode="AMNH, CNC, EMEC, HUM, INHS, NHMUK, PCYU, PW, RBCM, ROM, UAM, UOG, YPM, ZISP" country="United States of America" location="USA" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" specimenCount="357" specimenCount-female="223" specimenCount-male="134">
<specimenCount id="32E21380FF8D5E29FE455A80777DFA85" box="[442,579,1260,1287]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="female">223 females</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="32E21380FF8D5E29FDB35A8077FCFA85" box="[588,706,1260,1287]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="male">134 males</specimenCount>
, from
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF8D5E29FCF25A807676FA84" box="[781,840,1261,1287]" name="United States of America" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">USA</collectingCountry>
, Canada, and
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF8D5E29FC165A817160FA85" box="[1001,1118,1260,1286]" name="Greenland" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Greenland</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8D5E29FB915A8171EFFA85" box="[1134,1233,1260,1286]" captionStart="FIGURES 116‒123" captionStartId="42.[151,264,1934,1959]" captionTargetBox="[229,1385,174,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[161,1427,166,1914]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURES 116‒123. 116: Bombus natvigi global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 117‒123 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 117 (#3519) Canada-Nunavut; 118 (#184) Canada-Nunavut; 119 (#3551) Canada-Nunavut; 120 (#3546) Canada-Nunavut; 121 (#79) USA-Alaska; 122 (#3557) Canada-Northwest Territories; 123 (#82) Canada-Northwest Territories." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268209/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 116</figureCitation>
:
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF8D5E29FB245A80700FFA84" box="[1243,1329,1261,1287]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">AMNH</collectionCode>
BP
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF8D5E29FA9C5A8070A3FA84" box="[1379,1437,1261,1287]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">CNC</collectionCode>
CR
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF8D5E29FF3A5B7C742DFAA8" box="[197,275,1297,1323]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:1013" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:1013" name="Essig Museum of Entomology" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="University or college">EMEC</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF8D5E29FEE45B7C7462FAA8" box="[283,348,1297,1323]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kch5-hv72" name="Humboldt University Zoologisches Museum" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">HUM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF8D5E29FE9B5B7C749BFAA8" box="[356,421,1297,1323]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34797" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34797" name="Illinois Natural History Survey" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">INHS</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF8D5E29FE515B7C7726FAA8" box="[430,536,1297,1323]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
PR
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF8D5E29FDB55B7C77ABFAA8" box="[586,661,1297,1323]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/66ra-d50z" name="The Packer Collection at York University" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="University or college">PCYU</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF8D5E29FD625B7C77F8FAA8" box="[669,710,1297,1323]" country="Thailand" name="Paleontological Collections" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">PW</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF8D5E29FD305B7C761EFAA8" box="[719,800,1297,1323]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/gayt-20cg" name="Royal British Columbia Museum" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="Museum">RBCM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF8D5E29FCD75B7C7656FAA8" box="[808,872,1297,1323]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34778" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34778" name="Royal Ontario Museum" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="Museum">ROM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF8D5E29FC8F5B7C768FFAA8" box="[880,945,1297,1323]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/77v7-7va6" name="University of Alaska Museum" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="Museum">UAM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF8D5E29FC455B7C76C9FAA8" box="[954,1015,1297,1323]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34783" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34783" name="University of Guelph" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">UOG</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF8D5E29FC015B7C7105FAA8" box="[1022,1083,1297,1323]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="Museum">YPM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF8D5E29FBBD5B7C71BEFAA8" box="[1090,1152,1297,1323]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/vmfx-g997" name="Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">ZISP</collectionCode>
), with
<specimenCount id="32E21380FF8D5E29FB305B7C7056FAA9" box="[1231,1384,1296,1323]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="generic">23 specimens</specimenCount>
barcoded.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF8D5E29FF385B3570BCFA5C" blockId="41.[151,1437,900,2043]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FF385B3574C6FAF0" bold="true" box="[199,504,1368,1395]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Habitat and distribution.</emphasis>
Flower-rich arctic/alpine tundra in the New World including
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF8D5E29FB425B35700BFAF1" box="[1213,1333,1368,1394]" name="Greenland" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Greenland</collectingCountry>
, north to Ellesmere Island and north
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF8D5E29FE285B117771FA15" box="[471,591,1404,1430]" name="Greenland" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Greenland</collectingCountry>
, extending southwards into the subarctic region in the alpine zone of the Alaskan and Yukon mountains (but absent from the Aleutian Islands: records in
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8D5E29FBDC5BCD71FEFA38" author="Milliron" box="[1059,1216,1440,1467]" firstAuthor="Milliron" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="81 - 237" refId="ref46901" refString="Milliron, H. E. (1973) A monograph of the western hemisphere bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae; Bombinae). II. The genus Megabombus subgenus Megabombus. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 89, 81 - 237. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 10589 fv" type="journal article" year="1973">Milliron 1973</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8D5E29FB065BCD70A2FA38" author="Richards" box="[1273,1436,1440,1467]" firstAuthor="Richards" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="115 - 157" refId="ref48995" refString="Richards, K. W. (1973) Biology of Bombus polaris Curtis and B. hyperboreus Schonherr at Lake Hazen, Northwest Territories (Hymenoptera: Bombini). Quaestiones entomologicae, 9, 115 - 157." type="journal article" year="1973">Richards 1973</bibRefCitation>
are revised here to
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8D5E29FE935BA874E4FA5D" box="[364,474,1476,1502]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polaris">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FE935BA874E4FA5D" box="[364,474,1476,1502]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">B. polaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Regional distribution maps (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8D5E29FCCF5BA976EFFA5C" author="Milliron" box="[816,977,1476,1503]" firstAuthor="Milliron" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="81 - 237" refId="ref46901" refString="Milliron, H. E. (1973) A monograph of the western hemisphere bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae; Bombinae). II. The genus Megabombus subgenus Megabombus. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 89, 81 - 237. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 10589 fv" type="journal article" year="1973">Milliron 1973</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8D5E29FC225BA971BCFA5C" author="Richards" box="[989,1154,1476,1503]" firstAuthor="Richards" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="115 - 157" refId="ref48995" refString="Richards, K. W. (1973) Biology of Bombus polaris Curtis and B. hyperboreus Schonherr at Lake Hazen, Northwest Territories (Hymenoptera: Bombini). Quaestiones entomologicae, 9, 115 - 157." type="journal article" year="1973">Richards 1973</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8D5E29FB715BA97048FA5C" author="Williams" box="[1166,1398,1476,1503]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref51722" refString="Williams, P. H., Thorp, R. W., Richardson, L. L. &amp; Colla, S. R. (2014) Bumble bees of North America. An identification guide. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 208 pp." type="book" year="2014">
Williams
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FB055BA8700CFA5D" box="[1274,1330,1476,1502]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FF8D5E29FF385B847685F879" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="description">
<paragraph id="245BD809FF8D5E29FF385B847042F980" blockId="41.[151,1437,900,2043]" box="[199,1404,1512,1539]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FF385B847465F980" bold="true" box="[199,347,1513,1539]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Food plants.</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8D5E29FE965B85772FF980" author="Richards" box="[361,529,1512,1539]" firstAuthor="Richards" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref49035" refString="Richards, O. W. (1931) Some notes on the humble-bees allied to Bombus alpinus, L. TromsO Museums Arshefter, 50, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1931">Richards 1931</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8D5E29FDE25B857619F981" author="Milliron &amp; Oliver" box="[541,807,1512,1539]" firstAuthor="Milliron" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="207 - 213" refId="ref46959" refString="Milliron, H. E. &amp; Oliver, D. R. (1966) Bumblebees from northern Ellesmere Island, with observations on usurpation by Megabombus hyperboreus (Schonh.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Canadian Entomologist, 98, 207 - 213. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 98207 - 2" type="journal article" year="1966">Milliron &amp; Oliver 1966</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8D5E29FCCC5B8576ECF980" author="Milliron" box="[819,978,1512,1539]" firstAuthor="Milliron" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="81 - 237" refId="ref46901" refString="Milliron, H. E. (1973) A monograph of the western hemisphere bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae; Bombinae). II. The genus Megabombus subgenus Megabombus. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 89, 81 - 237. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 10589 fv" type="journal article" year="1973">Milliron 1973</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8D5E29FC215B8571BAF980" author="Richards" box="[990,1156,1512,1539]" firstAuthor="Richards" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="115 - 157" refId="ref48995" refString="Richards, K. W. (1973) Biology of Bombus polaris Curtis and B. hyperboreus Schonherr at Lake Hazen, Northwest Territories (Hymenoptera: Bombini). Quaestiones entomologicae, 9, 115 - 157." type="journal article" year="1973">Richards 1973</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8D5E29FB705B85704AF980" author="Williams" box="[1167,1396,1512,1539]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref51722" refString="Williams, P. H., Thorp, R. W., Richardson, L. L. &amp; Colla, S. R. (2014) Bumble bees of North America. An identification guide. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 208 pp." type="book" year="2014">
Williams
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FB035B84700AF981" box="[1276,1332,1512,1538]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF8D5E29FF38586174C2F830" blockId="41.[151,1437,900,2043]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FF3858617476F9A4" bold="true" box="[199,328,1548,1575]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Behaviour.</emphasis>
Some authors have reported workers of
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8D5E29FCF058607642F9A5" box="[783,892,1549,1574]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natvigi">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FCF058607642F9A5" box="[783,892,1549,1574]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">B. natvigi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(from the New World but under the name
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8D5E29FAA65860748AF9C8" authority=": Milliron 1973" authorityName=": Milliron" authorityYear="1973" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FAA658607436F9C9" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">B. hyperboreus</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8D5E29FEEA585D748AF9C8" author="Milliron" box="[277,436,1584,1611]" firstAuthor="Milliron" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="81 - 237" refId="ref46901" refString="Milliron, H. E. (1973) A monograph of the western hemisphere bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae; Bombinae). II. The genus Megabombus subgenus Megabombus. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 89, 81 - 237. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 10589 fv" type="journal article" year="1973">Milliron 1973</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
), but we have seen no convincing workers of this species during this study (although some workers of
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8D5E29FEE658387491F9ED" authorityName="Williams &amp; Berezin &amp; Cannings &amp; Cederberg &amp; Ødegaard &amp; Rasmussen &amp; Richardson &amp; Rykken &amp; Sheffield &amp; Thanoosing &amp; Byvaltsev" authorityYear="2019" box="[281,431,1620,1646]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kluanensis">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FEE658387491F9ED" box="[281,431,1620,1646]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">B. kluanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be very similar in colour pattern,
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8D5E29FC91583976F0F9EC" box="[878,974,1620,1647]" captionStart="FIGURES 104‒115" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1729,1754]" captionTargetBox="[332,1281,279,1666]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[276,1311,273,1710]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 104‒115. 104: Bombus kluanensis global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 105‒115 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 105 (#4473) Canada-Yukon; 106 (#4689) Canada-Yukon; 107 (#16) Canada-Yukon; 108 (#4393) USA-Alaska; 109 (#4466) Canada-Yukon; 110 (#4700) Canada-Yukon; 111 (#3130) Canada-Yukon; 112 (#4876) Canada-Yukon; 113 (#4882) Canada- Yukon; 114 (#4852) Canada-Yukon; 115 (#4881) Canada-Yukon." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268207/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 110</figureCitation>
, and in head shape).
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8D5E29FB41583975DCF910" author="Milliron and Oliver" firstAuthor="Milliron" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="207 - 213" refId="ref46959" refString="Milliron, H. E. &amp; Oliver, D. R. (1966) Bumblebees from northern Ellesmere Island, with observations on usurpation by Megabombus hyperboreus (Schonh.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Canadian Entomologist, 98, 207 - 213. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 98207 - 2" type="journal article" year="1966">Milliron and Oliver (1966)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8D5E29FEE4581574EFF910" author="Richards" box="[283,465,1656,1683]" firstAuthor="Richards" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="115 - 157" refId="ref48995" refString="Richards, K. W. (1973) Biology of Bombus polaris Curtis and B. hyperboreus Schonherr at Lake Hazen, Northwest Territories (Hymenoptera: Bombini). Quaestiones entomologicae, 9, 115 - 157." type="journal article" year="1973">Richards (1973)</bibRefCitation>
interpreted this scarcity of workers as evidence that the species is a social parasite in colonies of other bumblebee species. In this respect
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8D5E29FD1858F0766BF935" box="[743,853,1693,1718]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natvigi">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FD1858F0766BF935" box="[743,853,1693,1718]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">B. natvigi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is almost unique among bumblebees other than the species of the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8D5E29FE5658AD772DF959" authorityName="Lepeletier" authorityYear="1832" box="[425,531,1728,1754]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Psithyrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FE5658AD772DF959" box="[425,531,1728,1754]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Psithyrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(the other exceptions are
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FCC658AC76D5F959" box="[825,1003,1728,1754]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8D5E29FCC658AC76D9F959" authorityName=": Milliron" authorityYear="1973" box="[825,999,1728,1754]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">B. hyperboreus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
below, and
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8D5E29FB8958AC70A6F958" authority="(Tkalcu)" authorityName="Tkalcu" baseAuthorityName="Tkalcu" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[1142,1432,1728,1755]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inexspectatus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FB8958AC7013F959" box="[1142,1325,1729,1754]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">B. inexspectatus</emphasis>
(Tkalců)
</taxonomicName>
, see
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8D5E29FF3E5889746FF97C" author="Muller" box="[193,337,1764,1791]" firstAuthor="Muller" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref47183" refString="Muller, A. (2006) A scientific note on Bombus inexspectatus (Tkalcu, 1963): evidence for a social parasitic mode of life. Apidologie, 37, 1 - 2. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / apido: 2006005" type="journal article" year="2006">Müller 2006</bibRefCitation>
). The host species of
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8D5E29FDC158887795F97D" box="[574,683,1765,1790]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natvigi">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FDC158887795F97D" box="[574,683,1765,1790]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">B. natvigi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been identified as
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8D5E29FC585888712BF97D" box="[935,1045,1764,1790]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polaris">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FC585888712BF97D" box="[935,1045,1764,1790]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">B. polaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8D5E29FBDC58897010F97D" author="Milliron &amp; Oliver" box="[1059,1326,1764,1791]" firstAuthor="Milliron" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="207 - 213" refId="ref46959" refString="Milliron, H. E. &amp; Oliver, D. R. (1966) Bumblebees from northern Ellesmere Island, with observations on usurpation by Megabombus hyperboreus (Schonh.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Canadian Entomologist, 98, 207 - 213. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 98207 - 2" type="journal article" year="1966">Milliron &amp; Oliver 1966</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8D5E29FAC6588975ECF8A0" author="Richards" firstAuthor="Richards" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="115 - 157" refId="ref48995" refString="Richards, K. W. (1973) Biology of Bombus polaris Curtis and B. hyperboreus Schonherr at Lake Hazen, Northwest Territories (Hymenoptera: Bombini). Quaestiones entomologicae, 9, 115 - 157." type="journal article" year="1973">Richards 1973</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8D5E29FF1E59647463F8A0" author="Pape" box="[225,349,1801,1827]" firstAuthor="Pape" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="145 - 150" refId="ref47579" refString="Pape, T. (1983) Observations on nests of Bombus polaris Curtis usurped by B. hyperboreus Schonherr in Greenland (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Entomologiske Meddelelser, 50, 145 - 150." type="journal article" year="1983">Pape 1983</bibRefCitation>
). Despite this, some females of
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8D5E29FD2C5964767DF8A1" box="[723,835,1801,1826]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natvigi">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FD2C5964767DF8A1" box="[723,835,1801,1826]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">B. natvigi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(under the name
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8D5E29FBED59647181F8A1" authorityName=": Milliron" authorityYear="1973" box="[1042,1215,1800,1826]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FBED59647181F8A1" box="[1042,1215,1800,1826]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">B. hyperboreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) occasionally have compressed pollen in their corbiculae (see comments on
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FCE2594076ECF8C5" box="[797,978,1836,1862]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8D5E29FCE2594076F4F8C5" authorityName=": Milliron" authorityYear="1973" box="[797,970,1836,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">B. hyperboreus</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
, which appears to be evidence of foraging for a colony (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8D5E29FEA6593C74EBF8E8" author="Pape" box="[345,469,1873,1899]" firstAuthor="Pape" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="145 - 150" refId="ref47579" refString="Pape, T. (1983) Observations on nests of Bombus polaris Curtis usurped by B. hyperboreus Schonherr in Greenland (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Entomologiske Meddelelser, 50, 145 - 150." type="journal article" year="1983">Pape 1983</bibRefCitation>
). There is no evidence of protective mimicry of the host (
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8D5E29FBA2593C71F5F8E9" box="[1117,1227,1872,1898]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polaris">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FBA2593C71F5F8E9" box="[1117,1227,1872,1898]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">B. polaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) in cephalic gland secretions and none of the repellent compounds detected from parasitic
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8D5E29FC4359197118F80D" authorityName="Lepeletier" authorityYear="1832" box="[956,1062,1908,1934]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Psithyrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FC4359197118F80D" box="[956,1062,1908,1934]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Psithyrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bumblebees have been identified
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8D5E29FF6859F474C6F830" author="Brasero, N. &amp; Lecocq, T. &amp; Martinet, B. &amp; Valterova, I. &amp; Urbanova, K. &amp; De Jonghe, R. &amp; Rasmont, P." box="[151,504,1944,1971]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Chemical Ecology" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="9 - 17" part="44" refId="ref40898" title="Variability in sexual pheromones questions their role in bumblebee pre-mating recognition system" type="journal article" year="2017">
(Brasero, Martinet,
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FE8B59F47492F831" box="[372,428,1944,1970]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">et al.</emphasis>
2017)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF8D5E29FF3859D17685F879" blockId="41.[151,1437,900,2043]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FF3859D17485F854" bold="true" box="[199,443,1980,2007]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Conservation status.</emphasis>
This species has not yet been fully assessed for Red List threat status using IUCN criteria (2001).
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8D5E29FF0F598D74D4F878" author="Hatfield" box="[240,490,2016,2043]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Hatfield" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref43704" refString="Hatfield, R., Jepsen, S., Thorp, R. W., Richardson, L., Colla, S. &amp; Foltz-Jordan, S. (2016 b) Bombus natvigi. The IUCN Red List of threatened species 2016. https: // doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2016 - 1. RLTS. T 88089236 A 88291971. en" type="journal volume" year="2016" yearSuffix="b">
Hatfield
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FEAC598C74BAF879" box="[339,388,2016,2042]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">et al</emphasis>
. (2016b)
</bibRefCitation>
have listed
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<emphasis id="1690041BFF8D5E29FD8E598C77E0F879" box="[625,734,2017,2042]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">B. natvigi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as ‘Data deficient’.
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9.
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Schönherr
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(
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8F5E2BFF5E5ED075D1FF54" box="[161,239,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURES 1‒6" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1894,1919]" captionTargetBox="[223,1370,166,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[213,1375,166,1875]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1‒6. Lateral views of foraging females (queens) of species of the subgenus Alpinobombus (with photo credits): 1, B. alpinus, Norway (A. Staverløkk); 2, B. pyrrhopygus, Sweden (G. Holmström); 3, B. polaris, Canada (B. Heinrich); 4, B. balteatus, Sweden (G. Holmström); 5, B. kirbiellus, USA (D. Wilson); 6, B. hyperboreus, Sweden (L.-I. Larsson). Some images reversed." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268177/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8F5E2BFF045ED0745EFF54" box="[251,352,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURES 124‒128" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1637,1662]" captionTargetBox="[323,1274,187,1574]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[267,1321,181,1618]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 124‒128. 124: Bombus hyperboreus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 125‒128 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒ 21): 125 (#39) Russia-Chukotka (Wrangel Island); 126 (#33) Russia-Magadan; 127 (#1258) Russia-Murmansk; 128 (#533) Russia-Sakha." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268211/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">124‒128</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8F5E2BFE945ED074ABFF54" box="[363,405,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURES 129‒137" captionStartId="45.[151,264,1802,1827]" captionTargetBox="[171,1400,212,1747]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[151,1436,181,1782]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 129‒137. Morphology of the male genitalia for species of the subgenus Alpinobombus from the dorsal aspect, anterior to the left of the image, posterior to the right: 129 B. alpinus (#3824); 130 B pyrrhopygus (#3833); 131 B. polaris (#73); 132 B. balteatus (#3843); 133 B. kirbiellus (#3768); 134 B. neoboreus (#4387); 135 B. kluanensis (#4876); 136 B. natvigi (#81); 137 B. hyperboreus (#3821)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268213/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">137</figureCitation>
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<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFF685F6F742DFE9A" box="[151,275,258,281]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Apis Arctica</emphasis>
Quensel in
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFE755F6C7709FE99" author="Acerbi" box="[394,567,257,282]" firstAuthor="Acerbi" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref40160" refString="Acerbi, J. (1802) Travels through Sweden, Finland and Lapland, to the North Cape, in the years 1798 and 1799. Vol. 2. Mawman, London, 376 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 157840" type="book" year="1802">Acerbi 1802:253</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, type-locality citation ‘Lapland’.
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFF8F5E2BFC785F6C76DBFE99" box="[903,997,257,282]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
queen (#5015) by monotypy, NHRS examined PW, ‘
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF8F5E2BFED25F4D749DFEBB" box="[301,419,288,312]" name="Finland" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">FINLAND</collectingCountry>
, Lapplands’ (Lapland, Finland). Notes 1, 2. Synonymised (with question mark) with
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFAFC5F4D7447FED4" ID-CoL="MFL6" authority="Schonherr" authorityName="Schonherr" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFAFC5F4D7435FED4" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Bombus hyperboreus</emphasis>
Schönherr
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFE625F52778AFED4" author="von Dalla Torre" box="[413,692,318,343]" firstAuthor="von Dalla Torre" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref50818" refString="von Dalla Torre, K. W. (1896) Catalogus hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Vol. X. Apidae (anthophila). G. Engelmann, Lipsiae, viii + 643 pp." type="book" year="1896">von Dalla Torre (1896:524)</bibRefCitation>
; synonymised with
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFC855F527182FED4" ID-CoL="MFL6" authority="Schonherr" authorityName="Schonherr" box="[890,1212,318,343]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFC855F527171FED4" box="[890,1103,319,343]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Bombus hyperboreus</emphasis>
Schönherr
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFB1F5F5370A7FED4" author="Loken" box="[1248,1433,318,343]" firstAuthor="Loken" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 218" refId="ref45906" refString="Loken, A. (1973) Studies on Scandinavian bumble bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Norsk entomologisk Tidsskrift, 20, 1 - 218." type="journal article" year="1973">Løken (1973:114)</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFF385F337454FEF5" bold="true" box="[199,362,349,374]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Nomen oblitum</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF8F5E2BFF685F117714FE52" blockId="43.[151,1437,257,497]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFF685F117706FE16" ID-CoL="MFL6" authority="Schonherr 1809: 57" authorityName="Schonherr" authorityPageNumber="57" authorityYear="1809" box="[151,568,380,405]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFF685F117450FE17" box="[151,366,380,404]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Bombus hyperboreus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFE8B5F117706FE16" author="Schonherr" box="[372,568,380,405]" firstAuthor="Schonherr" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="48 - 58" refId="ref49370" refString="Schonherr, C. J. (1809) Entomologiska anmarkningar och beskrifningar pa nagra for Svenska fauna nya insecter. Kungliga Svenska vetenskapsakademiens handlingar, 30, 48 - 58." type="journal article" year="1809">Schönherr 1809:57</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, type-locality citation ‘Lapponia Tornenfi, circa Enontekis’.
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFF8F5E2BFB5C5F11703FFE16" box="[1187,1281,380,405]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
queen (#4844) by monotypy, NHRS examined PW, ‘
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF8F5E2BFDB95FF67782FE30" box="[582,700,411,435]" name="Finland" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">FINLAND</collectingCountry>
, Lapplands’ (Lapland, Finland). Objective junior synonym, see
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFAB05FF77433FE51" author="Nilsson" firstAuthor="Nilsson" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="43 - 59" refId="ref47275" refString="Nilsson, L. A. (2009) The type material of Swedish bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) III. Entomologisk Tidsskrift, 130, 43 - 59." type="journal article" year="2009">Nilsson (2009)</bibRefCitation>
. Note 2.
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFE975FD7771BFE52" bold="true" box="[360,549,442,465]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Nomen protectum</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF8F5E2BFF685FB4704EFE72" blockId="43.[151,1437,257,497]" box="[151,1392,472,497]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
[&lt;
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFF515FB57481FE73" ID-CoL="7J99W" authority="Skorikov 1937" authorityName="Skorikov" authorityYear="1937" box="[174,447,472,496]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Alpinibombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFF515FB57481FE73" box="[174,447,472,496]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Alpinibombus hyperboreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&gt; mod.
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFDF25FB57773FE73" box="[525,589,472,496]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">cilifer,</emphasis>
mod.
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFD725FB57628FE73" box="[653,790,472,496]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">latebalteatus,</emphasis>
ab.
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFCBE5FB576CBFE73" box="[833,1013,472,496]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">flavocorbiculosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFC035FB5718AFE72" author="Skorikov" box="[1020,1204,472,497]" firstAuthor="Skorikov" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="37 - 64" refId="ref49648" refString="Skorikov, A. S. (1937) Die gronlandischen Hummeln im Aspekte der Zirkumpolarfauna. Entomologiske Meddelelser, 20, 37 - 64." type="journal article" year="1937">Skorikov 1937:57</bibRefCitation>
, infrasubspecific.]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FF8F5E2BFF685C7277E9F8A6" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="description">
<paragraph id="245BD809FF8F5E2BFF685C7277B0FDDD" blockId="43.[151,1437,542,2045]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
Note 1 (
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFF055C4D746DFDBA" authorityName="Kirby in Sabine" authorityYear="1824" baseAuthorityName="Quensel" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[250,339,544,569]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFF055C4D746DFDBA" box="[250,339,544,569]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">arcticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFE925C727705FDBA" author="Nilsson" box="[365,571,542,569]" firstAuthor="Nilsson" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="43 - 59" refId="ref47275" refString="Nilsson, L. A. (2009) The type material of Swedish bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) III. Entomologisk Tidsskrift, 130, 43 - 59." type="journal article" year="2009">Nilsson (2009:53)</bibRefCitation>
described the history of the single
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFF8F5E2BFC235C727132FDBA" box="[988,1036,543,569]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">type</typeStatus>
specimen of
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFB535C7270A2FDBA" authority="Quensel" authorityName="Quensel" box="[1196,1436,543,569]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Apis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arctica">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFB535C727008FDBA" box="[1196,1334,543,569]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Apis arctica</emphasis>
Quensel
</taxonomicName>
(spelled Quenzel in the original publication).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF8F5E2BFF385C0A77C3FA62" blockId="43.[151,1437,542,2045]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
Note 2 (
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFED75C0A748DFD02" box="[296,435,615,641]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Alpinibombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFED75C0A748DFD02" box="[296,435,615,641]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">hyperboreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFE325C0A77A4FD02" author="Nilsson" box="[461,666,614,641]" firstAuthor="Nilsson" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="43 - 59" refId="ref47275" refString="Nilsson, L. A. (2009) The type material of Swedish bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) III. Entomologisk Tidsskrift, 130, 43 - 59." type="journal article" year="2009">Nilsson (2009:53)</bibRefCitation>
gave an account of the redescription of the type specimen of
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFA955C0A7472FD26" authority="Quensel" authorityName="Quensel" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Apis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arctica">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFA955C0A75DBFD26" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Apis arctica</emphasis>
Quensel
</taxonomicName>
as
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFE875CE677D9FD26" authority="Schonherr" authorityName="Schonherr" box="[376,743,651,677]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFE875CE67756FD26" box="[376,616,651,677]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Bombus hyperboreus</emphasis>
Schönherr
</taxonomicName>
, which is therefore an objective junior synonym.
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFAD35CE6743BFD49" author="Milliron's" firstAuthor="Milliron's" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="87 - 99" refId="ref46861" refString="Milliron, H. E. (1960) Recognition of bumblebee type specimens, with notes on some dubious names (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 55, 87 - 99." type="journal article" year="1960">Milliron’s (1960:93)</bibRefCitation>
designation of the single original specimen as
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFF8F5E2BFCE75CC27641FD4A" box="[792,895,687,713]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
is invalid as stated by
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFB7E5CC2707BFD4A" author="Loken" box="[1153,1349,687,713]" firstAuthor="Loken" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 218" refId="ref45906" refString="Loken, A. (1973) Studies on Scandinavian bumble bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Norsk entomologisk Tidsskrift, 20, 1 - 218." type="journal article" year="1973">Løken (1973:114</bibRefCitation>
; agreed by
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFF455CBE744BFD6E" author="Nilsson" box="[186,373,722,749]" firstAuthor="Nilsson" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="43 - 59" refId="ref47275" refString="Nilsson, L. A. (2009) The type material of Swedish bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) III. Entomologisk Tidsskrift, 130, 43 - 59." type="journal article" year="2009">Nilsson 2009:53</bibRefCitation>
), because in the original description the species was identified as having been based on a single specimen, which is therefore the
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFF8F5E2BFDF35C9A7750FC92" box="[524,622,759,785]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
by monotypy (#4844).
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFC855C9A717AFC92" author="Loken" box="[890,1092,759,785]" firstAuthor="Loken" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 218" refId="ref45906" refString="Loken, A. (1973) Studies on Scandinavian bumble bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Norsk entomologisk Tidsskrift, 20, 1 - 218." type="journal article" year="1973">Løken (1973:114)</bibRefCitation>
considered
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFB325C9575FEFCB5" authority="(Quensel)" authorityName="Kirby in Sabine" authorityYear="1824" baseAuthorityName="Quensel" baseAuthorityYear="1802" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFB325C95707BFC92" box="[1229,1349,760,785]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B. arcticus</emphasis>
(Quensel)
</taxonomicName>
to be a
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFEEB5D717485FCB6" box="[276,443,795,821]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">nomen oblitum</emphasis>
, so she continued to use the name
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFCC75D7171F0FCB6" authority="Schonherr. However" authorityName="Schonherr. However" box="[824,1230,795,821]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFCC75D7176DCFCB6" box="[824,994,795,821]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B. hyperboreus</emphasis>
Schönherr. However
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFB265D71704AFCB6" box="[1241,1396,795,821]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">nomina oblita</emphasis>
are not supported for a publication of the date of Løken’s work (after
<date id="505AFEC9FF8F5E2BFC855D527118FCDA" box="[890,1062,831,857]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1973-01-01">1 January 1973</date>
) by the now current Code (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFAA65D52743CFCFE" author="ICZN" firstAuthor="ICZN" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref44699" refString="ICZN (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, London, XXIX + 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999:111</bibRefCitation>
), although this status could be supported after
<date id="505AFEC9FF8F5E2BFCE75D0E76F9FCFE" box="[792,967,867,893]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="2000-01-01">1 January 2000</date>
as recognised later by
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFB2F5D0E70A2FCFE" author="Nilsson" box="[1232,1436,866,893]" firstAuthor="Nilsson" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="43 - 59" refId="ref47275" refString="Nilsson, L. A. (2009) The type material of Swedish bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) III. Entomologisk Tidsskrift, 130, 43 - 59." type="journal article" year="2009">Nilsson (2009:54)</bibRefCitation>
according to this Code (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFE5D5DEA7716FC22" author="ICZN" box="[418,552,903,929]" firstAuthor="ICZN" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref44699" refString="ICZN (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, London, XXIX + 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
: Article 23.9). There is strong support for the claim that
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFB635DE575FAFC46" authority="Schonherr" authorityName="Schonherr" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFB635DE57078FC22" box="[1180,1350,903,929]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B. hyperboreus</emphasis>
Schönherr
</taxonomicName>
is the stable valid name because both criteria required by the current Code (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFBD35DC6718EFC46" author="ICZN" box="[1068,1200,939,965]" firstAuthor="ICZN" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref44699" refString="ICZN (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, London, XXIX + 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
) are essentially met: first (Article 23.9.1.1), that the senior synonym
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFD4E5DBD76A1FC69" authority="(Quensel)" authorityName="Kirby in Sabine" authorityYear="1824" baseAuthorityName="Quensel" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[689,927,975,1002]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFD4E5DBD7617FC6A" box="[689,809,976,1001]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B. arcticus</emphasis>
(Quensel)
</taxonomicName>
has not been used as a valid name after 1899 (most uses of
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFEC75D99748FFB8E" authorityName="Kirby in Sabine" authorityYear="1824" baseAuthorityName="Quensel" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[312,433,1012,1037]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFEC75D99748FFB8E" box="[312,433,1012,1037]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B. arcticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for this species being instead misidentifications of
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFC035D997181FB8E" authority="Kirby" authorityName="Kirby in Sabine" authorityYear="1824" baseAuthorityName="Quensel" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[1020,1215,1011,1037]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFC035D997148FB8E" box="[1020,1142,1012,1037]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B. arcticus</emphasis>
Kirby
</taxonomicName>
following
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFAC25D9E743AFBB2" author="Franklin" firstAuthor="Franklin" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="177 - 486" refId="ref42739" refString="Franklin, H. J. (1913) The Bombidae of the New World. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 38, 177 - 486. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 122585" type="journal article" year="1913">Franklin 1913:302</bibRefCitation>
; which according to
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFE015A7A7783FBB2" author="Richards" box="[510,701,1047,1073]" firstAuthor="Richards" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref49035" refString="Richards, O. W. (1931) Some notes on the humble-bees allied to Bombus alpinus, L. TromsO Museums Arshefter, 50, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1931">Richards 1931:9</bibRefCitation>
, include
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFCD55A7A717EFBB2" author="Meade-Waldo" box="[810,1088,1047,1073]" firstAuthor="Meade-Waldo" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="448 - 470" refId="ref46510" refString="Meade-Waldo, G. (1916) Notes on the Apidae (Hymenoptera) in the collection of the Btitish Museum, with descriptions of new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 8, 17, 448 - 470. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931608693811" type="journal article" year="1916">Meade-Waldo 1916:469</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFBB05A7A703BFBB2" author="Sladen" box="[1103,1285,1047,1073]" firstAuthor="Sladen" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1913 - 18" refId="ref49674" refString="Sladen, F. W. L. (1919) The wasps and bees collected by the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913 - 18. In: Report of the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913 - 18. Vol. III. Insects. F. A. Acland, Printer to the King, Ottawa, pp. 25 G- 35 G." type="journal article" year="1919">Sladen 1919:28</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFAB75A7A7446FBD6" author="Lutz &amp; Cockerell" firstAuthor="Lutz" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="491 - 641" refId="ref45934" refString="Lutz, F. E. &amp; Cockerell, T. D. A. (1920) Notes on the distribution and bibliography of North American bees of the families Apidae, Meliponidae, Bombidae, Euglossidae, and Anthophoridae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 42, 491 - 641. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 17909" type="journal article" year="1920">Lutz &amp; Cockerell 1920:507</bibRefCitation>
), with the sole exception of
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFD4E5A56769CFBD6" author="Michener" box="[689,930,1083,1109]" firstAuthor="Michener" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref46641" refString="Michener, C. D. (2000) The bees of the world. 1 st Edition. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, xiv + 913 pp." type="book" year="2000">Michener (2000:789)</bibRefCitation>
; and second (Article 23.9.1.2), that the junior synonym
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFEF95A0D7713FBFA" authority="Schonherr" authorityName="Schonherr" box="[262,557,1119,1145]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFEF95A0D748FFBFA" box="[262,433,1119,1145]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B. hyperboreus</emphasis>
Schönherr
</taxonomicName>
has been used for this well known taxon as its presumed valid name in more than 25 works, published by at least 10 authors in the preceding 50 years (since 1968: e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFB5E5AEE7076FB1E" author="Richards" box="[1185,1352,1155,1181]" firstAuthor="Richards" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="209 - 276" refId="ref49066" refString="Richards, O. W. (1968) The subgeneric divisions of the genus Bombus Latreille (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 22, 209 - 276. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 9953" type="journal article" year="1968">Richards 1968</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFAAA5AEE75ECFB42" author="Loken" firstAuthor="Loken" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 218" refId="ref45906" refString="Loken, A. (1973) Studies on Scandinavian bumble bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Norsk entomologisk Tidsskrift, 20, 1 - 218." type="journal article" year="1973">Løken 1973</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFF1F5ACA74ACFB42" author="Sakagami" box="[224,402,1191,1217]" firstAuthor="Sakagami" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="390 - 447" refId="ref49257" refString="Sakagami, S. F. (1976) Specific differences in the bionomic characters of bumblebees. A comparative review. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, series Zoology, 20, 390 - 447." type="journal article" year="1976">Sakagami 1976</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFE605ACA77DEFB42" author="Svensson &amp; Lundberg" box="[415,736,1191,1217]" firstAuthor="Svensson" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref50293" refString="Svensson, B. G. &amp; Lundberg, H. (1977) Distribution of bumble bee nests in a subalpine / alpine area in relation to altitude and habitat (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Zoon, 5, 63 - 72." type="journal article" year="1977">Svensson &amp; Lundberg 1977</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFD125ACA7691FB42" author="Pekkarinen" box="[749,943,1191,1217]" firstAuthor="Pekkarinen" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 60" refId="ref47708" refString="Pekkarinen, A. (1979) Morphometric, colour and enzyme variation in bumblebees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus) in Fennoscandia and Denmark. Acta zoologica fennica, 158, 1 - 60." type="journal article" year="1979">Pekkarinen 1979</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFC435ACA71FEFB42" author="Pekkarinen" box="[956,1216,1191,1217]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Pekkarinen" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="71 - 89" refId="ref47781" refString="Pekkarinen, A., Teras, I., Viramo, J. &amp; Paatela, J. (1981) Distribution of bumblebees (Hymenoptera, Apidae: Bombus and Psithyrus) in eastern Fennoscandia. Notulae entomologicae, 61, 71 - 89." type="journal article" year="1981">
Pekkarinen
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFBBC5AC57143FB42" box="[1091,1149,1191,1217]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
1981
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFB325ACA7065FB42" author="Reinig" box="[1229,1371,1191,1217]" firstAuthor="Reinig" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="159 - 164" refId="ref48926" refString="Reinig, W. F. (1981) Synopsis der in Europa nachgewiesenen Hummel- und Schmarotzerhummelarten (Hymenoptera, Bombidae). Spixiana, 4, 159 - 164." type="journal article" year="1981">Reinig 1981</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFA965ACA741EFB66" author="Rasmont" firstAuthor="Rasmont" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 71" refId="ref48168" refString="Rasmont, P. (1983 a) Catalogue commente des bourdons de la region ouest-palearctique (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Apidae). Notes Fauniques de Gembloux, 7, 1 - 71." type="journal article" year="1983" yearSuffix="a">Rasmont 1983a</bibRefCitation>
;
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,
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFE215AA67727FB66" author="Williams" box="[478,537,1227,1253]" firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 204" refId="ref50883" refString="Williams, P. H. (1991) The bumble bees of the Kashmir Himalaya (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombini). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Series Entomology, 60, 1 - 204." type="journal article" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFDD95AA67678FB66" author="Pekkarinen &amp; Teras" box="[550,838,1227,1253]" firstAuthor="Pekkarinen" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="187 - 208" refId="ref47745" refString="Pekkarinen, A. &amp; Teras, I. (1993) Zoogeography of Bombus and Psithyrus in northwestern Europe (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Annales Zoologici Fennici, 30, 187 - 208." type="journal article" year="1993">Pekkarinen &amp; Teräs 1993</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFCAD5AA676C4FB66" author="Williams" box="[850,1018,1227,1253]" firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="79 - 152" refId="ref50980" refString="Williams, P. H. (1998) An annotated checklist of bumble bees with an analysis of patterns of description (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombini). Bulletin of The Natural History Museum, series Entomology, 67, 79 - 152." type="journal article" year="1998">Williams 1998</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFBF95AA670A6FB66" author="Koulianos &amp; Schmid-Hempel" box="[1030,1432,1227,1253]" firstAuthor="Koulianos" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="335 - 341" refId="ref45249" refString="Koulianos, S. &amp; Schmid-Hempel, P. (2000) Phylogenetic relationships among bumble bees (Bombus, Latreille) inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase I sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 14, 335 - 341. https: // doi. org / 10.1006 / mpev. 1999.0621" type="journal article" year="2000">Koulianos &amp; Schmid-Hempel 2000</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFF685A827401FA8A" author="Pedersen" box="[151,319,1263,1289]" firstAuthor="Pedersen" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="361 - 386" refId="ref47661" refString="Pedersen, B. V. (2002) European bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Bombini) - phylogenetic relationships inferred from DNA sequences. Insect Systematics &amp; Evolution, 33, 361 - 386. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631202 X 00208" type="journal article" year="2002">Pedersen 2002</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFEB55A8274D5FA8A" author="Goulson" box="[330,491,1263,1289]" firstAuthor="Goulson" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref43455" refString="Goulson, D. (2003) Bumblebees, their behaviour and ecology. Oxford University Press, Oxford, ix + 235 pp." type="book" year="2003">Goulson 2003</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFE085A827784FA8A" author="Hines" box="[503,698,1263,1289]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Hines" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="289 - 303" refId="ref44204" refString="Hines, H. M., Cameron, S. A. &amp; Williams, P. H. (2006) Molecular phylogeny of the bumble bee subgenus Pyrobombus (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus) with insights into gene utility for lower-level analysis. Invertebrate Systematics, 20, 289 - 303. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 05028" type="journal article" year="2006">
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<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFDC05A9D7749FA8A" box="[575,631,1263,1289]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFD3A5A827693FA8A" author="Cameron" box="[709,941,1263,1289]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Cameron" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="161 - 188" refId="ref41250" refString="Cameron, S. A., Hines, H. M. &amp; Williams, P. H. (2007) A comprehensive phylogeny of the bumble bees (Bombus). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 91, 161 - 188. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.2007.00784. x" type="journal article" year="2007">
Cameron
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<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFC475A827144FA8A" author="Holmstrom" box="[952,1146,1263,1289]" firstAuthor="Holmstrom" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref44490" refString="Holmstrom, G. (2007) Humlor alla Sveriges arter. Ostlings Bokforlag Symposium, Stockholm, 159 pp." type="book" year="2007">Holmström 2007</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFB795A827005FA8A" author="Gjershaug" box="[1158,1339,1263,1289]" firstAuthor="Gjershaug" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="28 - 31" refId="ref43410" refString="Gjershaug, J. O. (2009) The social parasite bumblebee Bombus hyperboreus Schonherr, 1809 usurp nest of Bombus balteatus Dahlbom, 1832 (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in Norway. Norwegian Journal of Entomology, 56, 28 - 31." type="journal article" year="2009">Gjershaug 2009</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFAB85A8275ECFAAE" author="Nilsson" firstAuthor="Nilsson" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="43 - 59" refId="ref47275" refString="Nilsson, L. A. (2009) The type material of Swedish bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) III. Entomologisk Tidsskrift, 130, 43 - 59." type="journal article" year="2009">Nilsson 2009</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFD335B7E76D8FAAE" author="Rasmont &amp; Iserbyt" box="[716,998,1299,1325]" firstAuthor="Rasmont" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref48476" refString="Rasmont, P. &amp; Iserbyt, S. (2012) Atlas of the European bees: genus Bombus. 2 nd Edition. STEP Project, Atlas Hymenoptera. Mons, Gembloux. Available from: http: // www. atlashymenoptera. net / page. asp? id = 169 (accessed 3 June 2019)" type="url" year="2012">Rasmont &amp; Iserbyt 2012</bibRefCitation>
;
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Cederberg
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFB925B797198FAAE" box="[1133,1190,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
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Potapov
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFA9B5B7970A3FAAE" box="[1380,1437,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
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;
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Ødegaard
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;
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Rasmont
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFDC05B557748FAD2" box="[575,630,1335,1361]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
). The use by
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFCB45B5A7139FAD2" author="Michener" box="[843,1031,1335,1361]" firstAuthor="Michener" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref46641" refString="Michener, C. D. (2000) The bees of the world. 1 st Edition. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, xiv + 913 pp." type="book" year="2000">Michener (2000)</bibRefCitation>
of
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFBD45B557026FAD1" authority="(Quensel)" authorityName="Kirby in Sabine" authorityYear="1824" baseAuthorityName="Quensel" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[1067,1304,1335,1362]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFBD45B55719DFAD2" box="[1067,1187,1336,1361]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B. arcticus</emphasis>
(Quensel)
</taxonomicName>
as the valid name (contrary to the recommendations of
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFD825B367609FAF6" author="Loken" box="[637,823,1371,1397]" firstAuthor="Loken" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 218" refId="ref45906" refString="Loken, A. (1973) Studies on Scandinavian bumble bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Norsk entomologisk Tidsskrift, 20, 1 - 218." type="journal article" year="1973">Løken 1973:114</bibRefCitation>
, and of
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFC6E5B367156FAF6" author="Williams" box="[913,1128,1371,1397]" firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="79 - 152" refId="ref50980" refString="Williams, P. H. (1998) An annotated checklist of bumble bees with an analysis of patterns of description (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombini). Bulletin of The Natural History Museum, series Entomology, 67, 79 - 152." type="journal article" year="1998">Williams 1998:119</bibRefCitation>
) can be construed as deliberately contrary to Article 23.9.1 because he wrote that the species is ‘usually known as’
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFB8C5BED70A6FA1A" authority="Schonherr" authorityName="Schonherr" box="[1139,1432,1407,1433]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFB8C5BED7023FA1A" box="[1139,1309,1407,1433]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B. hyperboreus</emphasis>
Schönherr
</taxonomicName>
, so that this instance of usage can be discounted (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFD4D5BCE7606FA3E" author="ICZN" box="[690,824,1443,1469]" firstAuthor="ICZN" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref44699" refString="ICZN (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, London, XXIX + 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
: Article 23.9.6). Therefore we consider
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFB0C5BCE7462FA62" authority="Schonherr" authorityName="Schonherr" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFB0C5BCE75DCFA62" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Bombus hyperboreus</emphasis>
Schönherr
</taxonomicName>
to be the valid name for this species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF8F5E2BFF385B867437F93A" blockId="43.[151,1437,542,2045]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFF385B8674C8F986" bold="true" box="[199,502,1514,1541]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Taxonomy and variation.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFE005B8677D3F986" box="[511,749,1515,1541]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFE005B8677D3F986" box="[511,749,1515,1541]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Bombus hyperboreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has long been considered to include
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFB695B81703BF986" box="[1174,1285,1516,1541]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natvigi">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFB695B81703BF986" box="[1174,1285,1516,1541]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B. natvigi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but has been recognized as separate from evidence of a species coalescent in the COI gene (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFBE458627036F9AA" author="Williams" box="[1051,1288,1550,1577]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref51372" refString="Williams, P. H., Byvaltsev, A. M., Cederberg, B., Berezin, M. V., Odegaard, F., Rasmussen, C., et al. (2015) Genes suggest ancestral colour polymorphisms are shared across morphologically cryptic species in arctic bumblebees. PLoS ONE, 10, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0144544" type="journal article" year="2015">
Williams
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFB74587D71FBF9AA" box="[1163,1221,1551,1577]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8F5E2BFAE958627064F9AA" box="[1302,1370,1551,1577]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1663,1688]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,563,1642]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,561,1644]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. Estimate of the metric gene tree for the 54 longest unique COI-barcode alleles of the subgenus Alpinobombus from MrBayes combined with the Bayesian Poisson-tree-process (PTP) solution with the highest support with spots showing the nodes with the strongest support as coalescents for candidate species (outgroup B. ignitus not shown). Values above the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities showing branch support for groups; values below the nodes are PTP Bayesian support values that all daughter alleles are parts of a single species (probabilities within candidate species are all ≤ 0.44). The scale bar is calibrated in substitutions per nucleotide site. Each unique allele is represented by one of the longest available sample sequences, labelled with: the sequence length in number of nucleotides, a taxon name or name describing an unpublished colour pattern, and then a code that consists of a specimen identifier (AL#n) from the project database and (after the hyphen) a sample identifier from BOLD or GenBank, followed with its geographic origin (for simplicity Greenland is included without Denmark)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268187/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). The support from bGMYC analysis for separation of
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFD3F585976EAF9CE" box="[704,980,1587,1613]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFD3F58597667F9CE" authorityName="Williams &amp; Berezin &amp; Cannings &amp; Cederberg &amp; Ødegaard &amp; Rasmussen &amp; Richardson &amp; Rykken &amp; Sheffield &amp; Thanoosing &amp; Byvaltsev" authorityYear="2019" box="[704,857,1587,1613]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kluanensis">B. kluanensis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFC99585976EAF9CE" box="[870,980,1588,1613]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natvigi">B. natvigi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, and
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFBEC58597180F9CE" box="[1043,1214,1587,1613]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFBEC58597180F9CE" box="[1043,1214,1587,1613]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B. hyperboreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, was not as high as for the other species of
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFE5F583A777CF9F2" authorityName="Kruger" authorityYear="1917" box="[416,578,1623,1649]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Alpinobombus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFE5F583A777CF9F2" box="[416,578,1623,1649]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Alpinobombus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFDAE583A7605F9F2" author="Williams" box="[593,827,1622,1649]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref51372" refString="Williams, P. H., Byvaltsev, A. M., Cederberg, B., Berezin, M. V., Odegaard, F., Rasmussen, C., et al. (2015) Genes suggest ancestral colour polymorphisms are shared across morphologically cryptic species in arctic bumblebees. PLoS ONE, 10, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0144544" type="journal article" year="2015">
Williams
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFD40583577C6F9F2" box="[703,760,1623,1649]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
), but
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFC8558357131F9F2" authorityName="Williams &amp; Berezin &amp; Cannings &amp; Cederberg &amp; Ødegaard &amp; Rasmussen &amp; Richardson &amp; Rykken &amp; Sheffield &amp; Thanoosing &amp; Byvaltsev" authorityYear="2019" box="[890,1039,1623,1649]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kluanensis">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFC8558357131F9F2" box="[890,1039,1623,1649]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B. kluanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily distinguished by its social behaviour with abundant workers.
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFDDE58167630F916" box="[545,782,1659,1685]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFDDE58167630F916" box="[545,782,1659,1685]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Bombus hyperboreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is vicariant with
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8F5E2BFC2A5811717DF916" box="[981,1091,1660,1685]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natvigi">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFC2A5811717DF916" box="[981,1091,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B. natvigi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
across the Bering Strait (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8F5E2BFA9B581675FCF93A" captionStart="FIGURES 116‒123" captionStartId="42.[151,264,1934,1959]" captionTargetBox="[229,1385,174,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[161,1427,166,1914]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURES 116‒123. 116: Bombus natvigi global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 117‒123 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 117 (#3519) Canada-Nunavut; 118 (#184) Canada-Nunavut; 119 (#3551) Canada-Nunavut; 120 (#3546) Canada-Nunavut; 121 (#79) USA-Alaska; 122 (#3557) Canada-Northwest Territories; 123 (#82) Canada-Northwest Territories." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268209/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Figs. 116</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8F5E2BFF3158F275C2F93A" box="[206,252,1695,1721]" captionStart="FIGURES 124‒128" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1637,1662]" captionTargetBox="[323,1274,187,1574]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[267,1321,181,1618]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 124‒128. 124: Bombus hyperboreus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 125‒128 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒ 21): 125 (#39) Russia-Chukotka (Wrangel Island); 126 (#33) Russia-Magadan; 127 (#1258) Russia-Murmansk; 128 (#533) Russia-Sakha." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268211/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">124</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF8F5E2BFF3858AE77E9F8A6" blockId="43.[151,1437,542,2045]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
Variation in the colour pattern has been analysed previously (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFC9258AE716BF95E" author="Williams" box="[877,1109,1730,1757]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref51372" refString="Williams, P. H., Byvaltsev, A. M., Cederberg, B., Berezin, M. V., Odegaard, F., Rasmussen, C., et al. (2015) Genes suggest ancestral colour polymorphisms are shared across morphologically cryptic species in arctic bumblebees. PLoS ONE, 10, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0144544" type="journal article" year="2015">
Williams
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFC2458A9712DF95E" box="[987,1043,1731,1757]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
). There is very little variation in this species and this is primarily in the hue of the pale bands, from pale yellow on Wrangel Island (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8F5E2BFAE9588A7048F882" box="[1302,1398,1766,1793]" captionStart="FIGURES 124‒128" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1637,1662]" captionTargetBox="[323,1274,187,1574]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[267,1321,181,1618]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 124‒128. 124: Bombus hyperboreus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 125‒128 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒ 21): 125 (#39) Russia-Chukotka (Wrangel Island); 126 (#33) Russia-Magadan; 127 (#1258) Russia-Murmansk; 128 (#533) Russia-Sakha." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268211/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 125</figureCitation>
) to the more common chestnut brown (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8F5E2BFDDA596677F4F8A6" box="[549,714,1803,1829]" captionStart="FIGURES 124‒128" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1637,1662]" captionTargetBox="[323,1274,187,1574]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[267,1321,181,1618]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 124‒128. 124: Bombus hyperboreus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 125‒128 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒ 21): 125 (#39) Russia-Chukotka (Wrangel Island); 126 (#33) Russia-Magadan; 127 (#1258) Russia-Murmansk; 128 (#533) Russia-Sakha." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268211/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Figs. 126, 128</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FF8F5E2BFF385943712FF87E" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="245BD809FF8F5E2BFF38594376D7F8EE" blockId="43.[151,1437,542,2045]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFF385943748EF8CA" bold="true" box="[199,432,1838,1865]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="948CD254FF8F5E2BFE48594277EBF8EE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2273437256" collectionCode="AB, BP, MB, NHMUK, NHRS, PW, YPM, ZISP" country="Norway, Sweden" location="Norway, Sweden" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="163" specimenCount-female="70" specimenCount-male="92" specimenCount-worker="1">
<specimenCount id="32E21380FF8F5E2BFE485942770FF8CA" box="[439,561,1839,1865]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="female">70 females</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="32E21380FF8F5E2BFDC7594277A5F8CA" box="[568,667,1839,1865]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="worker">1 worker</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="32E21380FF8F5E2BFD5D59427637F8CA" box="[674,777,1839,1865]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="male">92 males</specimenCount>
, from
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF8F5E2BFCAE5942712CF8CA" box="[849,1042,1839,1865]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Norway, Sweden</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF8F5E2BFBE159427148F8CA" box="[1054,1142,1839,1865]" name="Finland" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Finland</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF8F5E2BFB4F594271C5F8CA" box="[1200,1275,1839,1865]" name="Russia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Russia</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8F5E2BFAF559427052F8CA" box="[1290,1388,1839,1865]" captionStart="FIGURES 124‒128" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1637,1662]" captionTargetBox="[323,1274,187,1574]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[267,1321,181,1618]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 124‒128. 124: Bombus hyperboreus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 125‒128 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒ 21): 125 (#39) Russia-Chukotka (Wrangel Island); 126 (#33) Russia-Magadan; 127 (#1258) Russia-Murmansk; 128 (#533) Russia-Sakha." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268211/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 124</figureCitation>
:
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF8F5E2BFA8A594270A2F8CA" box="[1397,1436,1839,1865]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">AB</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF8F5E2BFF68593E7586F8EE" box="[151,184,1875,1901]" country="Hungary" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13261" name="Hungarian Natural History Museum" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="Herbarium">BP</collectionCode>
FO
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF8F5E2BFF15593E7428F8EE" box="[234,278,1875,1901]" country="Portugal" name="Universidade de Lisboa, Museu Bocage" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">MB</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF8F5E2BFEE2593E74B9F8EE" box="[285,391,1875,1901]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF8F5E2BFE72593E74E6F8EE" box="[397,472,1875,1901]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rsbi-vwmq" name="Swedish Museum of Natural History, Entomology Collections" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">NHRS</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF8F5E2BFE20593E7737F8EE" box="[479,521,1875,1901]" country="Thailand" name="Paleontological Collections" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">PW</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF8F5E2BFDF0593E7772F8EE" box="[527,588,1875,1901]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="Museum">YPM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF8F5E2BFDAD593E77AEF8EE" box="[594,656,1875,1901]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/vmfx-g997" name="Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">ZISP</collectionCode>
), with
</materialsCitation>
<specimenCount id="32E21380FF8F5E2BFD23593E764AF8EE" box="[732,884,1875,1901]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="generic">16 specimens</specimenCount>
barcoded.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF8F5E2BFF38591B712FF87E" blockId="43.[151,1437,542,2045]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFF38591B74CCF812" bold="true" box="[199,498,1910,1937]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Habitat and distribution.</emphasis>
Flower-rich arctic/alpine tundra in the Old World from the far north of Scandinavia, Taymyr, Novaya Zemlya and Wrangel Island, extending southwards into the subarctic region in the alpine zone of the Magadan and Scandinavian mountains. Regional distribution maps (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFC4359D27179F85A" author="Loken" box="[956,1095,1983,2009]" firstAuthor="Loken" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 218" refId="ref45906" refString="Loken, A. (1973) Studies on Scandinavian bumble bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Norsk entomologisk Tidsskrift, 20, 1 - 218." type="journal article" year="1973">Løken 1973</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFBAD59D271C6F85A" author="Richards" box="[1106,1272,1983,2009]" firstAuthor="Richards" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="115 - 157" refId="ref48995" refString="Richards, K. W. (1973) Biology of Bombus polaris Curtis and B. hyperboreus Schonherr at Lake Hazen, Northwest Territories (Hymenoptera: Bombini). Quaestiones entomologicae, 9, 115 - 157." type="journal article" year="1973">Richards 1973</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFAFC59D275C8F87E" author="Pekkarinen" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Pekkarinen" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="71 - 89" refId="ref47781" refString="Pekkarinen, A., Teras, I., Viramo, J. &amp; Paatela, J. (1981) Distribution of bumblebees (Hymenoptera, Apidae: Bombus and Psithyrus) in eastern Fennoscandia. Notulae entomologicae, 61, 71 - 89." type="journal article" year="1981">
Pekkarinen
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFA7759AD758AF87E" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
1981
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFEFD598E7724F87E" author="Rasmont &amp; Iserbyt" box="[258,538,2019,2045]" firstAuthor="Rasmont" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref48476" refString="Rasmont, P. &amp; Iserbyt, S. (2012) Atlas of the European bees: genus Bombus. 2 nd Edition. STEP Project, Atlas Hymenoptera. Mons, Gembloux. Available from: http: // www. atlashymenoptera. net / page. asp? id = 169 (accessed 3 June 2019)" type="url" year="2012">Rasmont &amp; Iserbyt 2012</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFDDA598F762CF87E" author="Odegaard" box="[549,786,2018,2045]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Odegaard" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref47306" refString="Odegaard, F., Staverlokk, A., Gjershaug, J. O., Bengtson, R. &amp; Mjelde, A. (2015) Humler i Norge. Kjennetegn, utbredelse og levesett. Norsk Institutt for Naturforskning, Trondheim, 231 pp." type="book" year="2015">
Ødegaard
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFD67598977EFF87E" box="[664,721,2019,2045]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8F5E2BFCE1598E713BF87E" author="Rasmont" box="[798,1029,2018,2045]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Rasmont" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref48312" refString="Rasmont, P., Franzen, M., Lecocq, T., Harpke, A., Roberts, S. P. M., Biesmeijer, J. C., Castro, L., Cederberg, B., Dvorak, L., Fitzpatrick, U., Gonseth, Y., Haubruge, E., Mahe, G., Manino, A., Michez, D., Neumayer, J., Odegaard, F., Paukkunen, J., Pawlikowski, T., Potts, S. G., Reemer, M., Settele, J., Straka, J. &amp; Schweiger, O. (2015) Climatic risk and distribution atlas of European bumblebees. Biorisk 10. Special Issue. Pensoft, Sofia, 236 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / biorisk. 10.4749" type="book" year="2015">
Rasmont
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8F5E2BFC76598976FFF87E" box="[905,961,2019,2045]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="709B8881FF885E2CFF6858087416F945" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268211/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" startId="44.[151,264,1637,1662]" targetBox="[323,1274,187,1574]" targetPageId="44">
<paragraph id="245BD809FF885E2CFF6858087416F945" blockId="44.[151,1437,1637,1734]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF885E2CFF6858087456F9FD" bold="true" box="[151,360,1637,1662]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">FIGURES 124‒128</emphasis>
. 124:
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF885E2CFE55580B77BFF9FD" box="[426,641,1638,1662]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF885E2CFE55580B77BFF9FD" box="[426,641,1638,1662]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Bombus hyperboreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 125
<emphasis id="1690041BFF885E2CFBE6580B7118F9FD" bold="true" box="[1049,1062,1638,1662]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">‒</emphasis>
128 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16
<emphasis id="1690041BFF885E2CFA6F580B70A3F9FD" bold="true" box="[1424,1437,1638,1662]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">‒</emphasis>
21): 125 (#39) Russia-Chukotka (Wrangel Island); 126 (#33) Russia-Magadan; 127 (#1258) Russia-Murmansk; 128 (#533) Russia-Sakha.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FF885E2EFF38589871A3FDE0" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="description">
<paragraph id="245BD809FF885E2CFF3858987122F88C" blockId="44.[151,1436,1780,2023]" box="[199,1052,1780,1807]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF885E2CFF3858987465F88C" bold="true" box="[199,347,1781,1807]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Food plants.</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF885E2CFE965899772FF88C" author="Richards" box="[361,529,1780,1807]" firstAuthor="Richards" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref49035" refString="Richards, O. W. (1931) Some notes on the humble-bees allied to Bombus alpinus, L. TromsO Museums Arshefter, 50, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1931">Richards 1931</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF885E2CFDE2589977FCF88C" author="Richards" box="[541,706,1780,1807]" firstAuthor="Richards" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="115 - 157" refId="ref48995" refString="Richards, K. W. (1973) Biology of Bombus polaris Curtis and B. hyperboreus Schonherr at Lake Hazen, Northwest Territories (Hymenoptera: Bombini). Quaestiones entomologicae, 9, 115 - 157." type="journal article" year="1973">Richards 1973</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF885E2CFD315899712BF88C" author="Mossberg &amp; Cederberg" box="[718,1045,1780,1807]" firstAuthor="Mossberg" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refId="ref47159" refString="Mossberg, B. &amp; Cederberg, B. (2012) Humlor i Sverige. Bonnier Fakta, Stockholm, 191 pp." type="book" year="2012">Mossberg &amp; Cederberg 2012</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF885E2EFF3859757614FE08" blockId="44.[151,1436,1780,2023]" lastBlockId="46.[151,1437,153,611]" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF885E2CFF3859757476F8B0" bold="true" box="[199,328,1816,1843]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Behaviour.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF885E2CFEB259757706F8B1" box="[333,568,1816,1842]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF885E2CFEB259757706F8B1" box="[333,568,1816,1842]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Bombus hyperboreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is almost unique among bumblebees other than species of the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF885E2CFAB259757585F8D5" authorityName="Lepeletier" authorityYear="1832" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Psithyrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF885E2CFAB259757585F8D5" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Psithyrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(the other exceptions are
<emphasis id="1690041BFF885E2CFE2659507775F8D5" box="[473,587,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF885E2CFE2659507779F8D5" box="[473,583,1853,1878]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natvigi">B. natvigi</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
above, and
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF885E2CFD2F595076D1F8D4" authority="(Tkalcu)" authorityName="Tkalcu" baseAuthorityName="Tkalcu" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[720,1007,1852,1879]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inexspectatus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF885E2CFD2F595076BBF8D5" box="[720,901,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">B. inexspectatus</emphasis>
(Tkalců)
</taxonomicName>
, see
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF885E2CFBDC59517191F8D4" author="Muller" box="[1059,1199,1852,1879]" firstAuthor="Muller" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref47183" refString="Muller, A. (2006) A scientific note on Bombus inexspectatus (Tkalcu, 1963): evidence for a social parasitic mode of life. Apidologie, 37, 1 - 2. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / apido: 2006005" type="journal article" year="2006">Müller 2006</bibRefCitation>
) in being recorded as a parasite in colonies of other bumblebees. The host species is especially
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF885E2CFC41590C7157F8F9" authorityName="Friese. An" authorityYear="1902" box="[958,1129,1888,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyrrhopygus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF885E2CFC41590C7157F8F9" box="[958,1129,1888,1914]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">B. pyrrhopygus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(under the name
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF885E2CFAD7590C7425F81C" authority=", Friese 1935" authorityName=", Friese" authorityYear="1935" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polaris">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF885E2CFAD7590C70ABF8F9" box="[1320,1429,1888,1914]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">B. polaris</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF885E2CFF6859E97425F81C" author="Friese" box="[151,283,1924,1951]" firstAuthor="Friese" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refId="ref43039" refString="Friese, H. (1935) Apiden aus Nordst-Gronland. Zoological results of the Norwegian Scientific Expedition to East Greenland, IV, 25." type="book" year="1935">Friese 1935</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF885E2CFECF59E97484F81C" author="Loken" box="[304,442,1924,1951]" firstAuthor="Loken" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 218" refId="ref45906" refString="Loken, A. (1973) Studies on Scandinavian bumble bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Norsk entomologisk Tidsskrift, 20, 1 - 218." type="journal article" year="1973">Løken 1973</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF885E2CFE3A59E87700F81C" author="Pape" box="[453,574,1925,1951]" firstAuthor="Pape" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="145 - 150" refId="ref47579" refString="Pape, T. (1983) Observations on nests of Bombus polaris Curtis usurped by B. hyperboreus Schonherr in Greenland (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Entomologiske Meddelelser, 50, 145 - 150." type="journal article" year="1983">Pape 1983</bibRefCitation>
), but there are also recent records as hosts for
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF885E2CFBBB59E870A6F81C" authority="(Gjershaug 2009)" authorityName="Gjershaug" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Gjershaug" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[1092,1432,1924,1951]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balteatus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF885E2CFBBB59E871F4F81D" box="[1092,1226,1924,1950]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">B. balteatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF885E2CFB2759E970AEF81C" author="Gjershaug" box="[1240,1424,1924,1951]" firstAuthor="Gjershaug" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="28 - 31" refId="ref43410" refString="Gjershaug, J. O. (2009) The social parasite bumblebee Bombus hyperboreus Schonherr, 1809 usurp nest of Bombus balteatus Dahlbom, 1832 (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in Norway. Norwegian Journal of Entomology, 56, 28 - 31." type="journal article" year="2009">Gjershaug 2009</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF885E2CFF3859C4763DF840" authority="(Kirby) (Bergwall 1970)" authorityName="Bergwall" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[199,771,1960,1987]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jonellus" subGenus="Pyrobombus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF885E2CFF3859C474D8F841" box="[199,486,1960,1986]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">B. (Pyrobombus) jonellus</emphasis>
(Kirby) (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF885E2CFDAF59C577C5F840" author="Bergwall" box="[592,763,1960,1987]" firstAuthor="Bergwall" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="3 - 23" refId="ref40516" refString="Bergwall, H. E. (1970) Ekologiska iakttagelser over nagra humlearter (Bombus Latr.) vid Staloluokta innom Padjelanta nationalpark, Lule lappmark. Entomologisk Tidsskrift, 91, 3 - 23." type="journal article" year="1970">Bergwall 1970</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Five females of
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF885E2CFC3B59C47151F841" box="[964,1135,1960,1986]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF885E2CFC3B59C47151F841" box="[964,1135,1960,1986]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">B. hyperboreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the NHMUK collection (#182, 189, 197, 198, 200) have substantial amounts of compressed pollen in their corbiculae, which appears to be evidence of foraging for a colony, as reported previously from Europe (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8A5E2EFC385EF471BFFF30" author="Gjershaug" box="[967,1153,153,179]" firstAuthor="Gjershaug" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="28 - 31" refId="ref43410" refString="Gjershaug, J. O. (2009) The social parasite bumblebee Bombus hyperboreus Schonherr, 1809 usurp nest of Bombus balteatus Dahlbom, 1832 (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in Norway. Norwegian Journal of Entomology, 56, 28 - 31." type="journal article" year="2009">Gjershaug 2009</bibRefCitation>
). Pollen in a corbicula is also shown for the female in
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF8A5E2EFE265ED07722FF54" box="[473,540,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURES 1‒6" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1894,1919]" captionTargetBox="[223,1370,166,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[213,1375,166,1875]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1‒6. Lateral views of foraging females (queens) of species of the subgenus Alpinobombus (with photo credits): 1, B. alpinus, Norway (A. Staverløkk); 2, B. pyrrhopygus, Sweden (G. Holmström); 3, B. polaris, Canada (B. Heinrich); 4, B. balteatus, Sweden (G. Holmström); 5, B. kirbiellus, USA (D. Wilson); 6, B. hyperboreus, Sweden (L.-I. Larsson). Some images reversed." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268177/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
, which is foraging on
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8A5E2EFCEC5ED076DBFF54" authorityName="E.H.L.Krause" authorityYear="1753" box="[787,997,189,215]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Astragalus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alpinus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8A5E2EFCEC5ED076DBFF54" box="[787,997,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Astragalus alpinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.. Females have been observed showing ‘nest-seeking’ behaviour (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8A5E2EFE1C5E8C761FFF78" author="Svensson &amp; Lundberg" box="[483,801,225,251]" firstAuthor="Svensson" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref50293" refString="Svensson, B. G. &amp; Lundberg, H. (1977) Distribution of bumble bee nests in a subalpine / alpine area in relation to altitude and habitat (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Zoon, 5, 63 - 72." type="journal article" year="1977">Svensson &amp; Lundberg 1977</bibRefCitation>
). Some authors have reported workers of
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8A5E2EFB0D5E8F70A2FF78" box="[1266,1436,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8A5E2EFB0D5E8F70A2FF78" box="[1266,1436,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">B. hyperboreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8A5E2EFF605F687407FE9C" author="Enwald" box="[159,313,261,287]" firstAuthor="Enwald" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="255" refId="ref42496" refString="Enwald, R. (1881) Bombus hyperboreus Schonh., en for Finland ny humla. Meddelanden af Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, 6, 255." type="journal article" year="1881">Enwald 1881</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8A5E2EFEB95F6874CEFE9C" author="Skorikov" box="[326,496,261,287]" firstAuthor="Skorikov" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref49549" refString="Skorikov, A. S. (1923) [Palaearctic bumblebees. Part I. General biology (including zoogeography)]. Izvestiya Severnoi oblastnoi stantsii zashchity rastenii ot vreditelei, 4 (1922), 1 - 160." type="journal article" year="1923">Skorikov 1923</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8A5E2EFE025F6877AAFE9C" author="Elfving" box="[509,660,261,287]" firstAuthor="Elfving" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 43" refId="ref42415" refString="Elfving, R. (1960) Die Hummeln und Schmarotzerhummeln Finnlands. Fauna Fennica, 10, 1 - 43." type="journal article" year="1960">Elfving 1960</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8A5E2EFD5E5F687612FE9C" author="Loken" box="[673,812,261,287]" firstAuthor="Loken" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 218" refId="ref45906" refString="Loken, A. (1973) Studies on Scandinavian bumble bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Norsk entomologisk Tidsskrift, 20, 1 - 218." type="journal article" year="1973">Løken 1973</bibRefCitation>
), but we have seen only one convincing worker of this species in this study, from
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF8A5E2EFE3E5F447725FEC0" box="[449,539,297,323]" name="Norway" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Norway</collectingCountry>
(#3855) (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8A5E2EFD765F457644FEC0" author="Odegaard" box="[649,890,296,323]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Odegaard" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref47306" refString="Odegaard, F., Staverlokk, A., Gjershaug, J. O., Bengtson, R. &amp; Mjelde, A. (2015) Humler i Norge. Kjennetegn, utbredelse og levesett. Norsk Institutt for Naturforskning, Trondheim, 231 pp." type="book" year="2015">
Ødegaard
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8A5E2EFD015F477608FEC0" box="[766,822,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
). There is no evidence of mimicry of the host (
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8A5E2EFA7B5F47741AFEE4" authorityName="Friese. An" authorityYear="1902" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyrrhopygus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8A5E2EFA7B5F47741AFEE4" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">B. pyrrhopygus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) in cephalic gland secretions and none of the repellent compounds identified from parasitic
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8A5E2EFACD5F2070A2FEE4" authorityName="Lepeletier" authorityYear="1832" box="[1330,1436,333,359]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Psithyrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8A5E2EFACD5F2070A2FEE4" box="[1330,1436,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Psithyrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bumblebees were detected (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8A5E2EFE325F1C7618FE08" author="Brasero, N. &amp; Lecocq, T. &amp; Martinet, B. &amp; Valterova, I. &amp; Urbanova, K. &amp; De Jonghe, R. &amp; Rasmont, P." box="[461,806,369,395]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Chemical Ecology" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="9 - 17" part="44" refId="ref40898" title="Variability in sexual pheromones questions their role in bumblebee pre-mating recognition system" type="journal article" year="2017">
Brasero, Martinet,
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8A5E2EFD5D5F1F77E5FE08" box="[674,731,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
2017)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="709B8881FF895E2DFF6859677485F80C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268213/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" startId="45.[151,264,1802,1827]" targetBox="[171,1400,212,1747]" targetPageId="45">
<paragraph id="245BD809FF895E2DFF6859677485F80C" blockId="45.[151,1436,1802,1935]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF895E2DFF6859677456F8A0" bold="true" box="[151,360,1802,1827]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">FIGURES 129‒137</emphasis>
. Morphology of the male genitalia for species of the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF895E2DFC0D596671BAF8A0" authorityName="Kruger" authorityYear="1917" box="[1010,1156,1803,1827]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Alpinobombus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF895E2DFC0D596671BAF8A0" box="[1010,1156,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Alpinobombus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the dorsal aspect, anterior to the left of the image, posterior to the right: 129
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF895E2DFD2B59427602F8C4" authorityName="E.H.L.Krause" authorityYear="1753" box="[724,828,1839,1863]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Astragalus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alpinus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF895E2DFD2B59427602F8C4" box="[724,828,1839,1863]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">B. alpinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(#3824); 130
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF895E2DFC335942715DF8C4" authorityName="Friese. An" authorityYear="1902" box="[972,1123,1839,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyrrhopygus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF895E2DFC335942715DF8C4" box="[972,1123,1839,1863]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">B pyrrhopygus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(#3833); 131
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF895E2DFB0C59427066F8C4" authorityName=", Friese" authorityYear="1935" box="[1267,1368,1839,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polaris">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF895E2DFB0C59427066F8C4" box="[1267,1368,1839,1863]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">B. polaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(#73); 132
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF895E2DFF3C593E7405F8E8" baseAuthorityName="Gjershaug" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[195,315,1875,1899]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balteatus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF895E2DFF3C593E7405F8E8" box="[195,315,1875,1899]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">B. balteatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(#3843); 133
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF895E2DFE36593E777AF8E8" box="[457,580,1875,1899]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirbiellus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF895E2DFE36593E777AF8E8" box="[457,580,1875,1899]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">B. kirbiellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(#3768); 134
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF895E2DFD2E593E7668F8E8" authorityName="Williams &amp; Berezin &amp; Cannings &amp; Cederberg &amp; Ødegaard &amp; Rasmussen &amp; Richardson &amp; Rykken &amp; Sheffield &amp; Thanoosing &amp; Byvaltsev" authorityYear="2019" box="[721,854,1875,1899]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF895E2DFD2E593E7668F8E8" box="[721,854,1875,1899]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">B. neoboreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(#4387); 135
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF895E2DFC1C593E7157F8E8" authorityName="Williams &amp; Berezin &amp; Cannings &amp; Cederberg &amp; Ødegaard &amp; Rasmussen &amp; Richardson &amp; Rykken &amp; Sheffield &amp; Thanoosing &amp; Byvaltsev" authorityYear="2019" box="[995,1129,1875,1899]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kluanensis">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF895E2DFC1C593E7157F8E8" box="[995,1129,1875,1899]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">B. kluanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(#4876); 136
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF895E2DFB08593E7066F8E9" box="[1271,1368,1875,1898]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natvigi">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF895E2DFB08593E7066F8E9" box="[1271,1368,1875,1898]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">B. natvigi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(#81); 137
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF895E2DFF3B591A7460F80C" box="[196,350,1911,1935]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF895E2DFF3B591A7460F80C" box="[196,350,1911,1935]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">B. hyperboreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(#3821).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF8A5E2EFF385FF971A3FDE0" blockId="46.[151,1437,153,611]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8A5E2EFF385FF97480FE2C" bold="true" box="[199,446,404,431]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Conservation status.</emphasis>
This species has been assessed for Red List threat status using IUCN criteria (2001).
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8A5E2EFF685FD47492FE50" author="Cederberg" box="[151,428,441,467]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Cederberg" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref41545" refString="Cederberg, B., Michez, D., Nieto, A., Radchencko, V., Rasmont, P. &amp; Roberts, S. P. M. (2013 c) Bombus hyperboreus. The IUCN Red List of threatened species. Availabe from: http: // www. iucnredlist. org / (sccessed 12 Feburary 2019)" type="url" year="2013" yearSuffix="c">
Cederberg
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8A5E2EFEEB5FD77478FE50" box="[276,326,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al</emphasis>
. (2013c)
</bibRefCitation>
assessed the Red List status of this species in Europe as ‘Vulnerable’ because its known area of occupancy (AOO) for Europe is small (
<quantity id="E31C75ECFF8A5E2EFD595FB077C3FE74" box="[678,765,476,503]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="km" value="420.0">420 km</quantity>
²) and because it is experiencing a continuing decline due to declines in its host,
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8A5E2EFE8E5C6F7723FD98" authorityName="Friese. An" authorityYear="1902" box="[369,541,513,539]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyrrhopygus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8A5E2EFE8E5C6F7723FD98" box="[369,541,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">B. pyrrhopygus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(under the name
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF8A5E2EFD225C6F7674FD98" authorityName=", Friese" authorityYear="1935" box="[733,842,513,539]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polaris">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8A5E2EFD225C6F7674FD98" box="[733,842,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">B. polaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and climate warming. Subsequently,
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF8A5E2EFB045C6C75DCFDBC" author="Rasmont" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Rasmont" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref48312" refString="Rasmont, P., Franzen, M., Lecocq, T., Harpke, A., Roberts, S. P. M., Biesmeijer, J. C., Castro, L., Cederberg, B., Dvorak, L., Fitzpatrick, U., Gonseth, Y., Haubruge, E., Mahe, G., Manino, A., Michez, D., Neumayer, J., Odegaard, F., Paukkunen, J., Pawlikowski, T., Potts, S. G., Reemer, M., Settele, J., Straka, J. &amp; Schweiger, O. (2015) Climatic risk and distribution atlas of European bumblebees. Biorisk 10. Special Issue. Pensoft, Sofia, 236 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / biorisk. 10.4749" type="book" year="2015">
Rasmont
<emphasis id="1690041BFF8A5E2EFA9A5C6F70ABFD98" box="[1381,1429,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al</emphasis>
. (2015)
</bibRefCitation>
have assessed the risk from climate change to this species in Europe as ‘extremely high climate change risk’ (HHHR), projecting that climate change will very likely lead to its extirpation from Europe.
</paragraph>
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1.
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(
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,
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFFB25E16FF045FD0747DFE54" box="[251,323,445,472]" captionStart="FIGURES 15‒21" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1750,1775]" captionTargetBox="[286,1331,189,1710]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[230,1357,184,1734]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 15‒21. 15: Bombus alpinus global distribution shown with: grey spots for specimens examined; black spots for samples with COI barcodes; question marks for uncertain records at low elevation and low latitude; and grey crosses for records of all species of Alpinobombus combined (Alpinobombus species are unknown from the southern hemisphere). Relief map with hill shading, Polar projection, the international boundaries and the Arctic Circle are shown as narrow grey lines, and the northern tree line shown as a broad grey line. Image created in ArcGIS using World_Shaded_Relief basemap which is Copyright: © 2014 Esri. 16‒21: simplified colour-pattern diagrams for the dorsal hair, with olive indicating a mixture of black and yellow. Figure (AL#n) country: 16 (#14) Sweden; 17 (#113) Sweden; 18 (#3785) Austria; 19 (#3787) Austria; 20 (#3788) Austria; 21 (#141) Norway." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268195/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">15‒21</figureCitation>
,
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&lt;
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<emphasis id="1690041BFFB25E16FF185F917416FD97" box="[231,296,508,532]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">alpina</emphasis>
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queen by designation of
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, ZIL not seen (identity not in doubt), ‘Lule Lappmark’ (
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,
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).
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, type-locality citation ‘Forêt de Saint-Germain-en-Laye’.
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female by monotypy, not seen. Note 1. Synonymised with
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(Linnaeus)
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by
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFB25E16FBAA5C347061FDF2" author="von Dalla Torre" box="[1109,1375,600,625]" firstAuthor="von Dalla Torre" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref50818" refString="von Dalla Torre, K. W. (1896) Catalogus hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Vol. X. Apidae (anthophila). G. Engelmann, Lipsiae, viii + 643 pp." type="book" year="1896">von Dalla Torre 1896:509</bibRefCitation>
.
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<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB25E16FF685C1A770AFD0C" ID-CoL="62H8K" authority="Helleri von Dalla Torre 1882: 16" authorityName="Helleri von Dalla Torre" authorityPageNumber="16" authorityYear="1882" box="[151,564,630,655]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB25E16FF685C1A7408FD0C" box="[151,310,631,655]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Bombus Helleri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFB25E16FEC45C1A770AFD0C" author="von Dalla Torre" box="[315,564,630,655]" firstAuthor="von Dalla Torre" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="14 - 31" refId="ref50774" refString="von Dalla Torre, K. W. (1882) Bermerkungen zur Gattung Bombus Latr. II. 3. Zur Synonymie und geographischen Verbreitung der Gattung Bombus Latr. Bericht des Naturwissenschaftlich-medizinischen Vereins in Innsbruck, 12, 14 - 31." type="journal article" year="1882">von Dalla Torre 1882:16</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, type-locality citation ‘alpine’ (probably
<collectingRegion id="E62016EBFFB25E16FC315C1B7139FD0C" box="[974,1031,630,655]" country="Austria" name="Tirol" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Tyrol</collectingRegion>
, Austra).
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFFB25E16FB995C1A71FDFD0C" box="[1126,1219,631,655]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
not seen (identity not in doubt). Synonymised with
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB25E16FE0B5CFB7634FD2D" ID-CoL="MFDH" authority="(Linnaeus)" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[500,778,661,686]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpinus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB25E16FE0B5CFB77A9FD2D" box="[500,663,662,686]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Bombus alpinus</emphasis>
(Linnaeus)
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFB25E16FCCF5CFB7104FD2D" author="von Dalla Torre" box="[816,1082,661,686]" firstAuthor="von Dalla Torre" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref50818" refString="von Dalla Torre, K. W. (1896) Catalogus hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Vol. X. Apidae (anthophila). G. Engelmann, Lipsiae, viii + 643 pp." type="book" year="1896">von Dalla Torre 1896:509</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FFB25E16FF685CD9767AFC89" blockId="22.[151,1436,508,809]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB25E16FF685CD9759BFD4F" box="[151,165,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">&lt;</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB25E16FF5A5CD977DEFD4E" ID-CoL="MFKP" authority="von Dalla Torre 1882: 16" authorityName="von Dalla Torre" authorityPageNumber="16" authorityYear="1882" box="[165,736,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helleri">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB25E16FF5A5CD9746BFD4F" box="[165,341,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Bombus helleri&gt;</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB25E16FE745CD974E6FD4F" box="[395,472,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">collaris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFB25E16FE1E5CD877DEFD4E" author="von Dalla Torre" box="[481,736,692,717]" firstAuthor="von Dalla Torre" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="14 - 31" refId="ref50774" refString="von Dalla Torre, K. W. (1882) Bermerkungen zur Gattung Bombus Latr. II. 3. Zur Synonymie und geographischen Verbreitung der Gattung Bombus Latr. Bericht des Naturwissenschaftlich-medizinischen Vereins in Innsbruck, 12, 14 - 31." type="journal article" year="1882">von Dalla Torre 1882:16</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(not of
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFB25E16FCC85CD976D1FD4E" author="Scopoli" box="[823,1007,692,717]" firstAuthor="Scopoli" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref49402" refString="Scopoli, J. A. (1763) Entomologia Carniolica exhibens insecta Carnioliae indigena et distributa in ordines, genera, species, varietates. Trattner, Vindobonae, 420 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 119976" type="book" year="1763">Scopoli 1763:306</bibRefCitation>
, =
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB25E16FBEE5CD8702EFD4E" ID-CoL="MFSN" authority="(Linnaeus))" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1761" box="[1041,1296,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratorum">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB25E16FBEE5CD871B1FD4F" box="[1041,1167,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">B. pratorum</emphasis>
(Linnaeus))
</taxonomicName>
, type-locality citation ‘alpine’ (probably
<collectingRegion id="E62016EBFFB25E16FE2E5CBF7734FD68" box="[465,522,722,747]" country="Austria" name="Tirol" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Tyrol</collectingRegion>
, Austra).
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFFB25E16FD965CBE7782FD68" box="[617,700,723,747]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
female and male, not seen (identity not in doubt). Considered conspecific with
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB25E16FF045C9F772FFC89" ID-CoL="MFDH" authority="(Linnaeus)" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[251,529,753,778]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpinus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB25E16FF045C9F74A0FC89" box="[251,414,754,778]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Bombus alpinus</emphasis>
(Linnaeus)
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFB25E16FDC85C9F767EFC89" author="von Dalla Torre" box="[567,832,753,778]" firstAuthor="von Dalla Torre" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref50818" refString="von Dalla Torre, K. W. (1896) Catalogus hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Vol. X. Apidae (anthophila). G. Engelmann, Lipsiae, viii + 643 pp." type="book" year="1896">von Dalla Torre 1896:509</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FFB25E16FF685D7C7119FCAA" blockId="22.[151,1436,508,809]" box="[151,1063,784,809]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
[
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB25E16FF5F5D7D7482FCAB" box="[160,444,784,808]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
B.&lt;ombus&gt;
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB25E16FEDF5D7D7482FCAB" ID-CoL="MFDH" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[288,444,784,808]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpinus">alpinus alpinus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
m.
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB25E16FE1D5D7D7713FCAB" ID-CoL="MFDH" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[482,557,784,808]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpinus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB25E16FE1D5D7D7713FCAB" box="[482,557,784,808]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">alpinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
f.
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB25E16FDB75D7D778CFCAB" box="[584,690,784,808]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">scutellaris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFB25E16FD475D7D7655FCAA" author="Pittioni" box="[696,875,784,809]" firstAuthor="Pittioni" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="155 - 218" refId="ref47982" refString="Pittioni, B. (1942) Die boreoalpinen Hummeln und Schmarotzerhummeln (Hymen., Apidae, Bombinae). I. Teil. Izvestiya na Tsarskite prirodonauchni instituti v Sofiya, 15, 155 - 218." type="journal article" year="1942">Pittioni 1942:216</bibRefCitation>
, infrasubspecific.]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FFB25E16FF685D3A77B3FB5A" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
<paragraph id="245BD809FFB25E16FF685D3A76D1FC3A" blockId="22.[151,1437,855,1781]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Note 1 (
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB25E16FF085D3A745FFCF2" authorityName="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau [" authorityYear="1835" box="[247,353,855,881]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufescens">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB25E16FF085D3A745FFCF2" box="[247,353,855,881]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">rufescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The type-locality citation appears false because it refers to a location on the western edge of Paris, where this species is very unlikely to have occurred. The explanation is not pursued further here because it is unlikely to affect the valid name for this or any other
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB25E16FD115DF276AEFC3A" authorityName="Kruger" authorityYear="1917" box="[750,912,927,953]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Alpinobombus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB25E16FD115DF276AEFC3A" box="[750,912,927,953]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Alpinobombus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FFB25E16FF385DAE75D7FBCA" blockId="22.[151,1437,855,1781]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB25E16FF385DAE74C8FC5E" bold="true" box="[199,502,962,989]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Taxonomy and variation.</emphasis>
A species coalescent in the COI gene (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFFB25E16FC495DAE76C4FC5E" box="[950,1018,963,989]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1663,1688]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,563,1642]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,561,1644]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. Estimate of the metric gene tree for the 54 longest unique COI-barcode alleles of the subgenus Alpinobombus from MrBayes combined with the Bayesian Poisson-tree-process (PTP) solution with the highest support with spots showing the nodes with the strongest support as coalescents for candidate species (outgroup B. ignitus not shown). Values above the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities showing branch support for groups; values below the nodes are PTP Bayesian support values that all daughter alleles are parts of a single species (probabilities within candidate species are all ≤ 0.44). The scale bar is calibrated in substitutions per nucleotide site. Each unique allele is represented by one of the longest available sample sequences, labelled with: the sequence length in number of nucleotides, a taxon name or name describing an unpublished colour pattern, and then a code that consists of a specimen identifier (AL#n) from the project database and (after the hyphen) a sample identifier from BOLD or GenBank, followed with its geographic origin (for simplicity Greenland is included without Denmark)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268187/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
) and divergence in the PEPCK gene characterising
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB25E16FEC35D857493FB82" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[316,429,999,1025]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpinus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB25E16FEC35D857493FB82" box="[316,429,999,1025]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">B. alpinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been demonstrated by
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFB25E16FD115D8A76D6FB82" author="Williams" box="[750,1000,998,1025]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref51372" refString="Williams, P. H., Byvaltsev, A. M., Cederberg, B., Berezin, M. V., Odegaard, F., Rasmussen, C., et al. (2015) Genes suggest ancestral colour polymorphisms are shared across morphologically cryptic species in arctic bumblebees. PLoS ONE, 10, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0144544" type="journal article" year="2015">
Williams
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB25E16FCA45D8576B2FB82" box="[859,908,999,1025]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
. (2015)
</bibRefCitation>
. Morphometric differences between
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB25E16FA7B5D8575D7FBA6" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpinus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB25E16FA7B5D8575D7FBA6" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">B. alpinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB25E16FEDC5A6174EFFBA6" authorityName="Friese. An" authorityYear="1902" box="[291,465,1035,1061]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyrrhopygus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB25E16FEDC5A6174EFFBA6" box="[291,465,1035,1061]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">B. pyrrhopygus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB25E16FDFC5A61774CFBA6" box="[515,626,1035,1061]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polaris">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB25E16FDFC5A61774CFBA6" box="[515,626,1035,1061]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">B. polaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) have been demonstrated graphically by
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFB25E16FBB55A6671DBFBA6" author="Loken" box="[1098,1253,1035,1061]" firstAuthor="Loken" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 218" refId="ref45906" refString="Loken, A. (1973) Studies on Scandinavian bumble bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Norsk entomologisk Tidsskrift, 20, 1 - 218." type="journal article" year="1973">Løken (1973)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFB25E16FAE15A6675DBFBCA" author="Pekkarinen" firstAuthor="Pekkarinen" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 60" refId="ref47708" refString="Pekkarinen, A. (1979) Morphometric, colour and enzyme variation in bumblebees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus) in Fennoscandia and Denmark. Acta zoologica fennica, 158, 1 - 60." type="journal article" year="1979">Pekkarinen (1979)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FFB25E16FF385A3E76F6FB12" blockId="22.[151,1437,855,1781]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Variation in colour pattern is primarily in the extent of yellow hairs on the dorsum of the thorax. Extensive yellow hair is rare in females (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFFB25E16FE355A1A7725FB11" box="[458,539,1143,1170]" captionStart="FIGURES 15‒21" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1750,1775]" captionTargetBox="[286,1331,189,1710]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[230,1357,184,1734]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 15‒21. 15: Bombus alpinus global distribution shown with: grey spots for specimens examined; black spots for samples with COI barcodes; question marks for uncertain records at low elevation and low latitude; and grey crosses for records of all species of Alpinobombus combined (Alpinobombus species are unknown from the southern hemisphere). Relief map with hill shading, Polar projection, the international boundaries and the Arctic Circle are shown as narrow grey lines, and the northern tree line shown as a broad grey line. Image created in ArcGIS using World_Shaded_Relief basemap which is Copyright: © 2014 Esri. 16‒21: simplified colour-pattern diagrams for the dorsal hair, with olive indicating a mixture of black and yellow. Figure (AL#n) country: 16 (#14) Sweden; 17 (#113) Sweden; 18 (#3785) Austria; 19 (#3787) Austria; 20 (#3788) Austria; 21 (#141) Norway." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268195/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
) but more frequent in males (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFFB25E16FC975A1A7685FB12" box="[872,955,1143,1169]" captionStart="FIGURES 15‒21" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1750,1775]" captionTargetBox="[286,1331,189,1710]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[230,1357,184,1734]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 15‒21. 15: Bombus alpinus global distribution shown with: grey spots for specimens examined; black spots for samples with COI barcodes; question marks for uncertain records at low elevation and low latitude; and grey crosses for records of all species of Alpinobombus combined (Alpinobombus species are unknown from the southern hemisphere). Relief map with hill shading, Polar projection, the international boundaries and the Arctic Circle are shown as narrow grey lines, and the northern tree line shown as a broad grey line. Image created in ArcGIS using World_Shaded_Relief basemap which is Copyright: © 2014 Esri. 16‒21: simplified colour-pattern diagrams for the dorsal hair, with olive indicating a mixture of black and yellow. Figure (AL#n) country: 16 (#14) Sweden; 17 (#113) Sweden; 18 (#3785) Austria; 19 (#3787) Austria; 20 (#3788) Austria; 21 (#141) Norway." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268195/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FFB25E16FF385AF677B3FB5A" blockId="22.[151,1437,855,1781]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Variation in COI sequences between the samples from the Alps and samples from Scandinavia shows divergence at only one base position (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFFB25E16FDFA5AD2776AFB5A" box="[517,596,1215,1241]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1663,1688]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,563,1642]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,561,1644]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. Estimate of the metric gene tree for the 54 longest unique COI-barcode alleles of the subgenus Alpinobombus from MrBayes combined with the Bayesian Poisson-tree-process (PTP) solution with the highest support with spots showing the nodes with the strongest support as coalescents for candidate species (outgroup B. ignitus not shown). Values above the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities showing branch support for groups; values below the nodes are PTP Bayesian support values that all daughter alleles are parts of a single species (probabilities within candidate species are all ≤ 0.44). The scale bar is calibrated in substitutions per nucleotide site. Each unique allele is represented by one of the longest available sample sequences, labelled with: the sequence length in number of nucleotides, a taxon name or name describing an unpublished colour pattern, and then a code that consists of a specimen identifier (AL#n) from the project database and (after the hyphen) a sample identifier from BOLD or GenBank, followed with its geographic origin (for simplicity Greenland is included without Denmark)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268187/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFFB25E16FD9F5AD27741FB5A" box="[608,639,1215,1241]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1700,1725]" captionTargetBox="[339,1251,167,1678]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[337,1251,166,1681]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 14. Assigning names to candidate species in a COI gene tree for the 235 specimens of the subgenus Alpinobombus with sequences. Based on the MrBayes analysis of all of the 54 longest unique alleles in Fig. 9, with the remaining sequences interpolated back into the tree with 0 branch lengths from their matching samples (where a sequence matches more than one longer sequence within a species in the Collapse results, it is arbitrarily added after the first matching sequence). The sequence labels follow the format used in Fig. 9. Lineages with high probabilities of representing candidate species in the Poisson-tree-process (PTP) results (Fig. 9) are shown as thick branches with the most recent common ancestors (coalescents) of each candidate species shown with a black spot, the branches within candidate species shown as thin branches. Asterisks mark samples used as informal proxies for the type specimens of each of the taxon names in Table 2. The proxy sample for the type specimen for the oldest available name (the valid name) for each candidate species (from Fig. 9) is marked in bold." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268193/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">14</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FFB25E16FF385A8F71C4FA7A" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="245BD809FFB25E16FF385A8F749AFAC6" blockId="22.[151,1437,855,1781]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB25E16FF385A8F748FFB7E" bold="true" box="[199,433,1250,1277]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Material examined.</emphasis>
15 queens
<specimenCount id="32E21380FFB25E16FDCF5A8F7793FB7E" box="[560,685,1250,1277]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="worker">54 workers</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="32E21380FFB25E16FD4A5A8E7627FB7E" box="[693,793,1251,1277]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="male">19 males</specimenCount>
(plus
<specimenCount id="32E21380FFB25E16FC9F5A8E76E4FB7E" box="[864,986,1251,1277]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="female">28 females</specimenCount>
with caste undetermined), from
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FFB25E16FAB65A8E70A6FB7E" box="[1353,1432,1251,1277]" name="France" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">France</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FFB25E16FF685B6A741EFAA2" box="[151,288,1287,1313]" name="Switzerland" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FFB25E16FED45B6A74BEFAA2" box="[299,384,1287,1313]" name="Austria" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Austria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FFB25E16FE735B6A74FEFAA2" box="[396,448,1287,1313]" name="Italy" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Italy</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FFB25E16FE325B6A770BFAA2" box="[461,565,1287,1313]" name="Romania" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Romania</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FFB25E16FDBD5B6A77A3FAA2" box="[578,669,1287,1313]" name="Norway" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Norway</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FFB25E16FD565B6A763AFAA2" box="[681,772,1287,1313]" name="Sweden" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Sweden</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FFB25E16FCBD5B6A76B3FAA2" box="[834,909,1287,1313]" name="Russia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Russia</collectingCountry>
(
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:
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), with
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barcoded.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FFB25E16FF385B2371C4FA7A" blockId="22.[151,1437,855,1781]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB25E16FF385B2374CCFAEA" bold="true" box="[199,498,1358,1385]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Habitat and distribution.</emphasis>
Flower-rich arctic/alpine tundra in the Old World from the far north of Scandinavia, east only to the Kola Peninsula, extending southwards into the subarctic region in the alpine zone of the southern Scandinavian mountains, as well as disjunctly in the alpine zone into the temperate region of the Alps and western Carpathian mountains. Regional distribution maps (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFB25E16FD1C5BD676AEFA56" author="Skorikov" box="[739,912,1467,1493]" firstAuthor="Skorikov" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="175 - 247" refId="ref49591" refString="Skorikov, A. S. (1931) Die Hummelfauna Turkestans und ihre Beziehungen zur zentralasiatischen Fauna (Hymenoptera, Bombidae). In: Lindholm, V. A. (Ed.), Abhandlungen der Pamir-Expedition 1928. Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad, pp. 175 - 247." type="book chapter" year="1931">Skorikov 1931</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFB25E16FC615BD6710AFA56" author="Pittioni" box="[926,1076,1467,1493]" firstAuthor="Pittioni" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="155 - 218" refId="ref47982" refString="Pittioni, B. (1942) Die boreoalpinen Hummeln und Schmarotzerhummeln (Hymen., Apidae, Bombinae). I. Teil. Izvestiya na Tsarskite prirodonauchni instituti v Sofiya, 15, 155 - 218." type="journal article" year="1942">Pittioni 1942</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFB25E16FBBD5BD671F0FA56" author="Loken" box="[1090,1230,1467,1493]" firstAuthor="Loken" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 218" refId="ref45906" refString="Loken, A. (1973) Studies on Scandinavian bumble bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Norsk entomologisk Tidsskrift, 20, 1 - 218." type="journal article" year="1973">Løken 1973</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFB25E16FB245BD675ECFA7A" author="Pekkarinen" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Pekkarinen" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="71 - 89" refId="ref47781" refString="Pekkarinen, A., Teras, I., Viramo, J. &amp; Paatela, J. (1981) Distribution of bumblebees (Hymenoptera, Apidae: Bombus and Psithyrus) in eastern Fennoscandia. Notulae entomologicae, 61, 71 - 89." type="journal article" year="1981">
Pekkarinen
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB25E16FA9D5BD170A3FA56" box="[1378,1437,1467,1493]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
1981
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFB25E16FF215BB274C8FA7A" author="Rasmont &amp; Iserbyt" box="[222,502,1503,1529]" firstAuthor="Rasmont" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref48476" refString="Rasmont, P. &amp; Iserbyt, S. (2012) Atlas of the European bees: genus Bombus. 2 nd Edition. STEP Project, Atlas Hymenoptera. Mons, Gembloux. Available from: http: // www. atlashymenoptera. net / page. asp? id = 169 (accessed 3 June 2019)" type="url" year="2012">Rasmont &amp; Iserbyt 2012</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFB25E16FDFE5BB2763DFA7A" author="Cederberg" box="[513,771,1503,1529]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Cederberg" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="2019" refId="ref41419" refString="Cederberg, B., Michez, D., Nieto, A., Radchencko, V., Rasmont, P. &amp; Roberts, S. P. M. (2013 a) Bombus alpinus. The IUCN Red List of threatened species. Availabe from: www. iucnredlist. org / (sccessed 12 Feburary 2019)" type="journal article" year="2013" yearSuffix="a">
Cederberg
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB25E16FD835B8D778AFA7A" box="[636,692,1503,1529]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
2013a
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFB25E16FCF15BB376C2FA7A" author="Odegaard" box="[782,1020,1502,1529]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Odegaard" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref47306" refString="Odegaard, F., Staverlokk, A., Gjershaug, J. O., Bengtson, R. &amp; Mjelde, A. (2015) Humler i Norge. Kjennetegn, utbredelse og levesett. Norsk Institutt for Naturforskning, Trondheim, 231 pp." type="book" year="2015">
Ødegaard
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB25E16FC7D5B8D7684FA7A" box="[898,954,1503,1529]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFB25E16FBF75BB271D0FA7A" author="Rasmont" box="[1032,1262,1502,1529]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Rasmont" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref48312" refString="Rasmont, P., Franzen, M., Lecocq, T., Harpke, A., Roberts, S. P. M., Biesmeijer, J. C., Castro, L., Cederberg, B., Dvorak, L., Fitzpatrick, U., Gonseth, Y., Haubruge, E., Mahe, G., Manino, A., Michez, D., Neumayer, J., Odegaard, F., Paukkunen, J., Pawlikowski, T., Potts, S. G., Reemer, M., Settele, J., Straka, J. &amp; Schweiger, O. (2015) Climatic risk and distribution atlas of European bumblebees. Biorisk 10. Special Issue. Pensoft, Sofia, 236 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / biorisk. 10.4749" type="book" year="2015">
Rasmont
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB25E16FB8D5B8D7195FA7A" box="[1138,1195,1503,1529]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FFB25E16FF38586E7141F976" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
<paragraph id="245BD809FFB25E16FF38586E713EF99E" blockId="22.[151,1437,855,1781]" box="[199,1024,1539,1565]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB25E16FF38586E7465F99E" bold="true" box="[199,347,1539,1565]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Food plants.</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFB25E16FE96586E772FF99E" author="Richards" box="[361,529,1539,1565]" firstAuthor="Richards" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref49035" refString="Richards, O. W. (1931) Some notes on the humble-bees allied to Bombus alpinus, L. TromsO Museums Arshefter, 50, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1931">Richards 1931</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFB25E16FDE2586E7798F99E" author="Loken" box="[541,678,1539,1565]" firstAuthor="Loken" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 218" refId="ref45906" refString="Loken, A. (1973) Studies on Scandinavian bumble bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Norsk entomologisk Tidsskrift, 20, 1 - 218." type="journal article" year="1973">Løken 1973</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFB25E16FD4D586E76C7F99E" author="Mossberg &amp; Cederberg" box="[690,1017,1539,1565]" firstAuthor="Mossberg" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref47159" refString="Mossberg, B. &amp; Cederberg, B. (2012) Humlor i Sverige. Bonnier Fakta, Stockholm, 191 pp." type="book" year="2012">Mossberg &amp; Cederberg 2012</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FFB25E16FF38584B760EF9C2" blockId="22.[151,1437,855,1781]" box="[199,816,1574,1601]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB25E16FF38584B7476F9C2" bold="true" box="[199,328,1574,1601]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Behaviour.</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFB25E16FEA8584A74DCF9C2" author="Loken" box="[343,482,1575,1601]" firstAuthor="Loken" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 218" refId="ref45906" refString="Loken, A. (1973) Studies on Scandinavian bumble bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Norsk entomologisk Tidsskrift, 20, 1 - 218." type="journal article" year="1973">Løken 1973</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFB25E16FE11584A7616F9C2" author="Svensson &amp; Lundberg" box="[494,808,1575,1601]" firstAuthor="Svensson" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref50293" refString="Svensson, B. G. &amp; Lundberg, H. (1977) Distribution of bumble bee nests in a subalpine / alpine area in relation to altitude and habitat (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Zoon, 5, 63 - 72." type="journal article" year="1977">Svensson &amp; Lundberg 1977</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FFB25E16FF3858277141F976" blockId="22.[151,1437,855,1781]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB25E16FF3858277480F9E6" bold="true" box="[199,446,1610,1637]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Conservation status.</emphasis>
This species has been assessed for Red List threat status using IUCN criteria (2001).
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFB25E16FF6858027495F90A" author="Cederberg" box="[151,427,1647,1673]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Cederberg" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="2019" refId="ref41419" refString="Cederberg, B., Michez, D., Nieto, A., Radchencko, V., Rasmont, P. &amp; Roberts, S. P. M. (2013 a) Bombus alpinus. The IUCN Red List of threatened species. Availabe from: www. iucnredlist. org / (sccessed 12 Feburary 2019)" type="journal article" year="2013" yearSuffix="a">
Cederberg
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB25E16FEEC581D747BF90A" box="[275,325,1647,1673]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
. (2013a)
</bibRefCitation>
assessed the Red List status of this species as ‘Vulnerable’ because its known area of occupancy (AOO) is small (
<quantity id="E31C75ECFFB25E16FE4458FE7716F92E" box="[443,552,1682,1709]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.288" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="km" value="1288.0">1,288 km</quantity>
²) and because it is experiencing a continuing decline due to climate warming. Subsequently,
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFB25E16FEC658DA7715F952" author="Rasmont" box="[313,555,1718,1745]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Rasmont" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref48312" refString="Rasmont, P., Franzen, M., Lecocq, T., Harpke, A., Roberts, S. P. M., Biesmeijer, J. C., Castro, L., Cederberg, B., Dvorak, L., Fitzpatrick, U., Gonseth, Y., Haubruge, E., Mahe, G., Manino, A., Michez, D., Neumayer, J., Odegaard, F., Paukkunen, J., Pawlikowski, T., Potts, S. G., Reemer, M., Settele, J., Straka, J. &amp; Schweiger, O. (2015) Climatic risk and distribution atlas of European bumblebees. Biorisk 10. Special Issue. Pensoft, Sofia, 236 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / biorisk. 10.4749" type="book" year="2015">
Rasmont
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB25E16FE5C58D574EDF952" box="[419,467,1719,1745]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
. (2015)
</bibRefCitation>
have assessed the risk from climate change to this species as ‘very high climate change risk’ (HHR), projecting that it will be on the verge of extinction by the year 2100.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<treatment id="AC4D691FFFBA5E21FF685BC47176FB23" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158512419" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC4D691FFFBA5E21FF685BC47176FB23" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC4D691FFFBA5E21FF685BC47176FB23" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FFBA5E1EFF685BC47736FA40" box="[151,520,1449,1476]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="245BD809FFBA5E1EFF685BC47736FA40" blockId="30.[151,520,1449,1511]" box="[151,520,1449,1476]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<heading id="7F136F65FFBA5E1EFF685BC47736FA40" bold="true" box="[151,520,1449,1476]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" reason="1">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFF685BC47736FA40" bold="true" box="[151,520,1449,1476]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
4.
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBA5E1EFF4A5BC47736FA40" ID-CoL="5WNQ6" authority="Dahlbom" authorityName="Dahlbom" box="[181,520,1449,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balteatus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFF4A5BC474B2FA47" bold="true" box="[181,396,1449,1476]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Bombus balteatus</emphasis>
Dahlbom
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FFBA5E1EFF685BA0769AF8BE" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="description">
<paragraph id="245BD809FFBA5E1EFF685BA074BCFA64" blockId="30.[151,520,1449,1511]" box="[151,386,1484,1511]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
(
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFFBA5E1EFF605BA075D1FA64" box="[159,239,1485,1511]" captionStart="FIGURES 1‒6" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1894,1919]" captionTargetBox="[223,1370,166,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[213,1375,166,1875]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1‒6. Lateral views of foraging females (queens) of species of the subgenus Alpinobombus (with photo credits): 1, B. alpinus, Norway (A. Staverløkk); 2, B. pyrrhopygus, Sweden (G. Holmström); 3, B. polaris, Canada (B. Heinrich); 4, B. balteatus, Sweden (G. Holmström); 5, B. kirbiellus, USA (D. Wilson); 6, B. hyperboreus, Sweden (L.-I. Larsson). Some images reversed." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268177/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFFBA5E1EFF045BA1747DFA64" box="[251,323,1484,1511]" captionStart="FIGURES 59‒76" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1870,1895]" captionTargetBox="[253,1363,172,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[197,1391,166,1850]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 59‒76. 59: Bombus balteatus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 60‒76 colour patterns (as for Figs.16‒21): 60 (#540) Russia-Krasnoyask; 61 (#119) Sweden; 62 (#541) Russia-Krasnoyarsk; 63 (#542) Russia-Krasnoyarsk; 64 (#117) Mongolia; 65 (#534) Russia-Kamchatka; 66 (#3841) Norway; 67 (#738) Russia-Kamchatka; 68 (#971) Russia- Kamchatka; 69 (#535) Russia-Kamchatka; 70 (#973) Russia-Kamchatka; 71 (#880) Russia-Kamchatka; 72 (#536) Russia-Kamchatka; 73 (#228) Norway; 74 (#392) Sweden; 75 (#3843) Norway; 76 (#538) Russia-Kamchatka." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268201/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">59‒76</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFFBA5E1EFEB05BA07444FA64" box="[335,378,1485,1511]" captionStart="FIGURES 129‒137" captionStartId="45.[151,264,1802,1827]" captionTargetBox="[171,1400,212,1747]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[151,1436,181,1782]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 129‒137. Morphology of the male genitalia for species of the subgenus Alpinobombus from the dorsal aspect, anterior to the left of the image, posterior to the right: 129 B. alpinus (#3824); 130 B pyrrhopygus (#3833); 131 B. polaris (#73); 132 B. balteatus (#3843); 133 B. kirbiellus (#3768); 134 B. neoboreus (#4387); 135 B. kluanensis (#4876); 136 B. natvigi (#81); 137 B. hyperboreus (#3821)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268213/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">132</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FFBA5E1EFF68587C7455F9E4" blockId="30.[151,1437,1552,2037]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
B.&lt;ombus&gt;
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBA5E1EFEE6587C7707F9AA" authority="Dahlbom 1832: 36" authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityPageNumber="36" authorityYear="1832" box="[281,569,1552,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balteatus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFEE6587C7448F9AA" box="[281,374,1553,1577]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">balteatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBA5E1EFE81587D7707F9AA" author="Dahlbom" box="[382,569,1552,1577]" firstAuthor="Dahlbom" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refId="ref41948" refString="Dahlbom, G. (1832) Bombi Scandinaviae monographice tractati et ionibus illustrati: specimen academicum quod, permittente Ampliss. Typis Berlingianis, Lund." type="book" year="1832">Dahlbom 1832:36</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, type-locality citation ‘Lapponia Tornensi ad Enontekis’.
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFFBA5E1EFB75587F71DEF9A9" box="[1162,1248,1554,1578]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
queen (#5011) by designation of
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBA5E1EFEA0584274C2F9CB" author="Nilsson" box="[351,508,1583,1608]" firstAuthor="Nilsson" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref47231" refString="Nilsson, L. A. (2008) The type material of Swedish bees II. Andrena haemorrhoidalis FABRICIUS 1775 and Bombus balteatus DAHLBOM 1832 (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Entomofauna, Zeitschrift fur Entomologie, 29, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="2008">Nilsson 2008:3</bibRefCitation>
, ZMU examined PW, ‘
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FFBA5E1EFD1A58427602F9CB" box="[741,828,1583,1608]" name="Sweden" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Sweden</collectingCountry>
, Lappland’ (
<collectingRegion id="E62016EBFFBA5E1EFC4458427110F9CB" box="[955,1070,1583,1608]" country="Sweden" name="Norrbotten" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Norrbotten</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FFBA5E1EFBC6584271B0F9CB" box="[1081,1166,1583,1608]" name="Sweden" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Sweden</collectingCountry>
). Proposed
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFAFB585D75CEF9E5" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">nomen protectum</emphasis>
. Notes 1, 2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FFBA5E1EFF68580077B4F940" blockId="30.[151,1437,1552,2037]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
B.&lt;ombus&gt;
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBA5E1EFEE858007724F906" authority="Dahlbom 1832: 40" authorityName="Dahlbom. However" authorityPageNumber="40" authorityYear="1832" box="[279,538,1644,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nivalis">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFEE858007465F906" box="[279,347,1645,1669]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">nivalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBA5E1EFE9E58017724F906" author="Dahlbom" box="[353,538,1644,1669]" firstAuthor="Dahlbom" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refId="ref41948" refString="Dahlbom, G. (1832) Bombi Scandinaviae monographice tractati et ionibus illustrati: specimen academicum quod, permittente Ampliss. Typis Berlingianis, Lund." type="book" year="1832">Dahlbom 1832:40</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, type-locality citation ‘Alpium Tornensium’.
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFFBA5E1EFC1A58037174F905" box="[997,1098,1646,1670]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
queen by designation of
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBA5E1EFAB758017423F927" author="Milliron" firstAuthor="Milliron" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="87 - 99" refId="ref46861" refString="Milliron, H. E. (1960) Recognition of bumblebee type specimens, with notes on some dubious names (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 55, 87 - 99." type="journal article" year="1960">Milliron 1960:94</bibRefCitation>
, ZIL not seen, ‘Torneåträsk’ (
<collectingRegion id="E62016EBFFBA5E1EFDB258E677FEF927" box="[589,704,1675,1700]" country="Sweden" name="Norrbotten" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Norrbotten</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FFBA5E1EFD3358E6761FF927" box="[716,801,1675,1700]" name="Sweden" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Sweden</collectingCountry>
). Synonymised with
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBA5E1EFC0658E1702AF927" authority="Dahlbom" authorityName="Dahlbom" box="[1017,1300,1675,1700]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balteatus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFC0658E17191F927" box="[1017,1199,1676,1700]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Bombus balteatus</emphasis>
Dahlbom
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBA5E1EFAC258E67420F940" author="Thomson" firstAuthor="Thomson" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refId="ref50510" refString="Thomson, C. G. (1872) Hymenoptera scandinaviae. (Apis Lin.). Vol. 2. Typis expressit Fr. Berling, Lund, 286 pp." type="book" year="1872">Thomson 1872:35</bibRefCitation>
). Proposed
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFE6B58C6770CF940" bold="true" box="[404,562,1706,1731]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">nomen oblitum</emphasis>
. Note 2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FFBA5E1EFF6858A477B4F89C" blockId="30.[151,1437,1552,2037]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
B.&lt;ombus&gt;
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBA5E1EFEE758A47719F962" authority="Dahlbom 1832: 41" authorityName="Dahlbom. Following" authorityPageNumber="41" authorityYear="1832" box="[280,551,1736,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricolor">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFEE758A4745BF962" box="[280,357,1737,1761]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">tricolor</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBA5E1EFE9258A57719F962" author="Dahlbom" box="[365,551,1736,1761]" firstAuthor="Dahlbom" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refId="ref41948" refString="Dahlbom, G. (1832) Bombi Scandinaviae monographice tractati et ionibus illustrati: specimen academicum quod, permittente Ampliss. Typis Berlingianis, Lund." type="book" year="1832">Dahlbom 1832:41</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, type-locality citation ‘Karesuando Lapponiae Tornensis’ (
<collectingRegion id="E62016EBFFBA5E1EFB8258A571CEF962" box="[1149,1264,1736,1761]" country="Sweden" name="Norrbotten" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Norrbotten</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FFBA5E1EFB0458A5706EF962" box="[1275,1360,1736,1761]" name="Sweden" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Sweden</collectingCountry>
).
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFFBA5E1EFA9E58A575CDF883" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male by monotypy (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBA5E1EFE2F588A7743F883" author="Ander" box="[464,637,1767,1792]" firstAuthor="Ander" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="184 - 187" refId="ref40212" refString="Ander, K. (1967) Designation of lectotypes in Bombus and Psithyrus described by Swedish authors. Opuscula Entomologica, 32, 184 - 187." type="journal article" year="1967">Ander 1967:185</bibRefCitation>
), ZIL not seen. Synonymised with
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBA5E1EFC0D5885702FF883" authority="Dahlbom" authorityName="Dahlbom" box="[1010,1297,1767,1792]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balteatus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFC0D58857194F883" box="[1010,1194,1768,1792]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Bombus balteatus</emphasis>
Dahlbom
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBA5E1EFAC2588A7420F89C" author="Thomson" firstAuthor="Thomson" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refId="ref50510" refString="Thomson, C. G. (1872) Hymenoptera scandinaviae. (Apis Lin.). Vol. 2. Typis expressit Fr. Berling, Lund, 286 pp." type="book" year="1872">Thomson 1872:35</bibRefCitation>
). Proposed
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFE6B596A770CF89C" bold="true" box="[404,562,1798,1823]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">nomen oblitum</emphasis>
. Note 2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FFBA5E1EFF68594B769AF8BE" blockId="30.[151,1437,1552,2037]" box="[151,932,1828,1853]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
[
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBA5E1EFF5F59487483F8BE" authority="Dahlbom" authorityName="Dahlbom" box="[160,445,1828,1853]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="batteatus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFF5F5948746BF8BE" box="[160,341,1829,1853]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Bombus batteatus</emphasis>
Dahlbom
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBA5E1EFE395949775DF8BE" author="Etzel" box="[454,611,1828,1853]" firstAuthor="Etzel" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="134 - 157" refId="ref42606" refString="Etzel, A. (1859) Uebersicht der Land-, Sufswasser- und Ufer-Arthropoden Gronlands von J. C. Schiodte. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1859, 134 - 157. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 47918590105" type="journal article" year="1859">Etzel 1859:144</bibRefCitation>
, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FFBA5E1EFF68592976FAF83B" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="245BD809FFBA5E1EFF68592971ECF8D8" blockId="30.[151,1437,1552,2037]" box="[151,1234,1859,1884]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
&lt;
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBA5E1EFF5A59297797F8DF" ID-CoL="68NQ3" authority="&gt; Var. Nigricans Thomson 1872: 35" authorityName="&gt; Var. Nigricans Thomson" authorityPageNumber="35" authorityYear="1872" box="[165,681,1859,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nivalis">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFF5A5929747FF8DF" box="[165,321,1860,1884]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Bombus nivalis</emphasis>
&gt; Var.
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFE7B592874D6F8DF" box="[388,488,1861,1884]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Nigricans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBA5E1EFE12592E7797F8DF" author="Thomson" box="[493,681,1859,1884]" firstAuthor="Thomson" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refId="ref50510" refString="Thomson, C. G. (1872) Hymenoptera scandinaviae. (Apis Lin.). Vol. 2. Typis expressit Fr. Berling, Lund, 286 pp." type="book" year="1872">Thomson 1872:35</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, no type-locality citation.
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFFBA5E1EFC4D5929713BF8DF" box="[946,1029,1860,1884]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
female(s), not seen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FFBA5E1EFF68590E7171F81A" blockId="30.[151,1437,1552,2037]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFF68590E7448F8F8" box="[151,374,1891,1915]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
&lt;
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBA5E1EFF5A590E7456F8F8" ID-CoL="MFM4" authority="Sparre-Schneider" authorityName="Sparre-Schneider" box="[165,360,1891,1915]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirbyellus">Bombus kirbyellus</taxonomicName>
&gt;
</emphasis>
var. [subspecies]
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBA5E1EFDD2590E7759F8F9" box="[557,615,1891,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Alpinibombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFDD2590E7759F8F9" box="[557,615,1891,1914]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">tristis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[Sparre-Schneider in]
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBA5E1EFCAE590F76CBF8F8" author="Friese" box="[849,1013,1890,1915]" firstAuthor="Friese" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="439 - 500" refId="ref42782" refString="Friese, H. (1902) Die arktischen Hymenoptera mit Ausschluss der Tenthrediniden. In: Romer, F. &amp; Schaudinn, F. (Eds.), Fauna Arctica. Eine Zusammenstellung der arktischen Tierformen, mit besonderer Berucksichtigung des Spitzbergen-Gebietes auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Deutschen Expedition in das Nordlichen Eismeer im Jahre 1889. Gustav Fischer, Jena, pp. 439 - 500." type="book chapter" year="1902">Friese 1902:495</bibRefCitation>
(not of
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBA5E1EFBB7590F71E6F8F8" author="Seidl" box="[1096,1240,1890,1915]" firstAuthor="Seidl" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="65 - 73" refId="ref49449" refString="Seidl, W. B. (1837) Die in Bohmen vorkommenden Hummelarten. Beitrage zur gesammten Natur- und Heilwissenschaft, 2, 65 - 73." type="journal article" year="1837">Seidl 1837:69</bibRefCitation>
, =
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBA5E1EFB06590E7437F81A" ID-CoL="MFL3" authority="Illiger" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1806" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humilis">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFB06590E70A3F8F8" box="[1273,1437,1891,1915]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Bombus humilis</emphasis>
Illiger
</taxonomicName>
), type-locality citation ‘Tromsö’ (
<collectingRegion id="E62016EBFFBA5E1EFDA259EC779CF81A" box="[605,674,1921,1945]" country="Norway" name="Troms" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Troms</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FFBA5E1EFD5359EC763CF81A" box="[684,770,1921,1945]" name="Norway" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Norway</collectingCountry>
).
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFFBA5E1EFCEC59EF767BF819" box="[787,837,1922,1946]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Type</typeStatus>
material not seen. Note 3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FFBA5E1EFF6859CD76FAF83B" blockId="30.[151,1437,1552,2037]" box="[151,964,1951,1976]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
[B.&lt;ombus&gt;
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBA5E1EFEDF59CD7787F83B" ID-CoL="7JF5C" authority="Friese 1905: 519" authorityName="Friese" authorityPageNumber="519" authorityYear="1905" box="[288,697,1951,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="kirbyellus" variety="lysholmi">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFEDF59CD74BAF83B" box="[288,388,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">kirbyellus</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFE4959CD7732F83B" box="[438,524,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">lysholmi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBA5E1EFDED59F27787F83B" author="Friese" box="[530,697,1951,1976]" firstAuthor="Friese" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="507 - 523" refId="ref42853" refString="Friese, H. (1905) Neue oder wenig bekannte Hummeln des russischen Reiches (Hymenoptera). Ezhegodnik Zoologicheskago muzeya, 9, 507 - 523." type="journal article" year="1905">Friese 1905:519</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, infrasubspecific. Note 4.]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FFBA5E1EFF6859D2771AF876" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="description">
<paragraph id="245BD809FFBA5E1EFF6859D2771AF876" blockId="30.[151,1437,1552,2037]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
B.&lt;ombus&gt;
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBA5E1EFEE559D2778DF854" authority="Friese 1911 c: 684" authorityName="Friese" authorityPageNumber="684" authorityYear="1911" box="[282,691,1982,2007]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="kirbyellus" variety="similis">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFEE559D27440F854" box="[282,382,1983,2007]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">kirbyellus</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFE4859D274C7F854" box="[439,505,1983,2007]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">similis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBA5E1EFDFD59D3778DF854" author="Friese" box="[514,691,1982,2007]" firstAuthor="Friese" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="684" refId="ref42960" refString="Friese, H. (1911 c) Zur Synonymie der Bombus - Arten (Hym.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1911, 684. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 48019110611" type="journal article" year="1911" yearSuffix="c">Friese 1911c:684</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(not of
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBA5E1EFCF259D376E8F854" author="Fabricius" box="[781,982,1982,2007]" firstAuthor="Fabricius" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refId="ref42650" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1804) Systema Piezatorum. Brunsvigae, xiv + 440 pp." type="book" year="1804">Fabricius 1804:351</bibRefCitation>
, =
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBA5E1EFC0559D2702AF854" authority="(Fabricius))" authorityName="Friese" authorityYear="1911" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[1018,1300,1982,2007]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Centris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFC0559D271AEF854" box="[1018,1168,1983,2007]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Centris similis</emphasis>
(Fabricius))
</taxonomicName>
, replacement name for
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBA5E1EFED759B3771FF876" authority="Friese (1902: 495)" authorityName="Friese" authorityPageNumber="495" authorityYear="1902" box="[296,545,2012,2037]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Alpinibombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFED759B3745CF876" box="[296,354,2014,2037]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">tristis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBA5E1EFE9759B1771FF876" author="Friese" box="[360,545,2012,2037]" firstAuthor="Friese" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="439 - 500" refId="ref42782" refString="Friese, H. (1902) Die arktischen Hymenoptera mit Ausschluss der Tenthrediniden. In: Romer, F. &amp; Schaudinn, F. (Eds.), Fauna Arctica. Eine Zusammenstellung der arktischen Tierformen, mit besonderer Berucksichtigung des Spitzbergen-Gebietes auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Deutschen Expedition in das Nordlichen Eismeer im Jahre 1889. Gustav Fischer, Jena, pp. 439 - 500." type="book chapter" year="1902">Friese (1902:495)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FFBB5E1FFF685EF471BFFF6D" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="245BD809FFBB5E1FFF685EF47729FF53" blockId="31.[151,1436,152,361]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
[
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBB5E1FFF5F5EF47462FF4C" authority="Skorikov 1914" authorityName="Skorikov" authorityPageNumber="123" authorityYear="1914" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Alpinobombus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="kirbyellus" variety="subcollaris">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFF5F5EF474A3FF32" box="[160,413,153,177]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Alpinobombus kirbyellus</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFE2F5EF47779FF32" box="[464,583,153,177]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">subcollaris,</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFD845EF47624FF33" box="[635,794,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">appropinquans,</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFCB25EF476EAFF32" box="[845,980,153,177]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">subbalteatus,</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFBF75EF47164FF32" box="[1032,1114,153,177]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">gmelini,</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFB715EF47007FF32" box="[1166,1337,153,177]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">pyrrhopygoideus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFAC05EF57462FF4C" author="Skorikov" firstAuthor="Skorikov" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="119 - 129" refId="ref49517" refString="Skorikov, A. S. (1914) Les formes nouvelles des bourdons (Hymenoptera, Bombidae). VI. Russkoe entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 14, 119 - 129." type="journal article" year="1914">Skorikov 1914:123‒124</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, infrasubspecific.]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FFBB5E1FFF685EBB71BFFF6D" blockId="31.[151,1436,152,361]" box="[151,1153,213,238]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
[&lt;
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBB5E1FFF515EBB74A0FF6D" authority="Skorikov 1937" authorityName="Skorikov" authorityYear="1937" box="[174,414,214,238]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Alpinibombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balteatus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFF515EBB74A0FF6D" box="[174,414,214,238]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Alpinibombus balteatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&gt; morpha
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFDF95EBB7742FF6D" box="[518,636,214,238]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">nigricauda,</emphasis>
mod.
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFD435EBB7639FF6D" box="[700,775,214,238]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">ciliatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFCF25EB876FBFF6D" author="Skorikov" box="[781,965,213,238]" firstAuthor="Skorikov" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="37 - 64" refId="ref49648" refString="Skorikov, A. S. (1937) Die gronlandischen Hummeln im Aspekte der Zirkumpolarfauna. Entomologiske Meddelelser, 20, 37 - 64." type="journal article" year="1937">Skorikov 1937:58</bibRefCitation>
, infrasubspecific.]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FFBB5E21FF685E98766CFE4B" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="description">
<paragraph id="245BD809FFBB5E1FFF685E987757FEAF" blockId="31.[151,1436,152,361]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
[
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFF5F5E9874E0FE8E" box="[160,478,245,269]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
B.&lt;ombus&gt;
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBB5E1FFEE05E9874E0FE8E" box="[287,478,245,269]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Alpinibombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balteatus">balteatus balteatus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
m.
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBB5E1FFDFC5E98775EFE8E" box="[515,608,245,269]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Alpinibombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balteatus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFDFC5E98775EFE8E" box="[515,608,245,269]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">balteatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
f.
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFD865E987632FE8E" box="[633,780,245,269]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">pleurotricolor,</emphasis>
f.
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFCDA5E9876B6FE8E" box="[805,904,245,269]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">subtristis,</emphasis>
f.
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFC5D5E98717EFE8E" box="[930,1088,245,269]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">pleurobalteatus</emphasis>
, f.
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFB9F5E987036FE8E" box="[1120,1288,245,269]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">alexanderioides,</emphasis>
f.
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFADE5E9875CAFEA8" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">analinigrescens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFF045F7E7493FEAF" author="Pittioni" box="[251,429,275,300]" firstAuthor="Pittioni" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="155 - 218" refId="ref47982" refString="Pittioni, B. (1942) Die boreoalpinen Hummeln und Schmarotzerhummeln (Hymen., Apidae, Bombinae). I. Teil. Izvestiya na Tsarskite prirodonauchni instituti v Sofiya, 15, 155 - 218." type="journal article" year="1942">Pittioni 1942:216</bibRefCitation>
, infrasubspecific.]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FFBB5E1FFF685F5F743DFEEA" blockId="31.[151,1436,152,361]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
[
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFF5F5F5F74E1FEC9" box="[160,479,306,330]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
B.&lt;ombus&gt;
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBB5E1FFEDF5F5F74E1FEC9" box="[288,479,306,330]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Alpinibombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balteatus">balteatus balteatus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
m.
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBB5E1FFDFA5F5F7777FEC9" authorityName="&gt; Var. Nigricans Thomson" authorityYear="1872" box="[517,585,306,330]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nivalis">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFDFA5F5F7777FEC9" box="[517,585,306,330]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">nivalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
f.
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFD9C5F5F77DDFEC9" box="[611,739,306,330]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">parvoanalis,</emphasis>
f.
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFD025F5F7689FEC9" box="[765,951,306,330]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">pleuroparvoanalis</emphasis>
, f.
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFC275F5F7163FEC9" box="[984,1117,306,330]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">pleuronivalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFB9C5F5C702BFEC9" author="Pittioni" box="[1123,1301,305,330]" firstAuthor="Pittioni" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="155 - 218" refId="ref47982" refString="Pittioni, B. (1942) Die boreoalpinen Hummeln und Schmarotzerhummeln (Hymen., Apidae, Bombinae). I. Teil. Izvestiya na Tsarskite prirodonauchni instituti v Sofiya, 15, 155 - 218." type="journal article" year="1942">Pittioni 1942:216</bibRefCitation>
, infrasubspecific.]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FFBB5E1FFF685FFF74D6FD9B" blockId="31.[151,1437,402,2012]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
Note 1 (
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBB5E1FFF0E5FFF7466FE2F" box="[241,344,402,428]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Alpinibombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balteatus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFF0E5FFF7466FE2F" box="[241,344,402,428]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">balteatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFE915FFF777EFE2E" author="Milliron" box="[366,576,402,429]" firstAuthor="Milliron" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="87 - 99" refId="ref46861" refString="Milliron, H. E. (1960) Recognition of bumblebee type specimens, with notes on some dubious names (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 55, 87 - 99." type="journal article" year="1960">Milliron (1960:89)</bibRefCitation>
designated as
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFFBB5E1FFD1D5FFF7677FE2F" box="[738,841,402,428]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
a worker, although
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFBDC5FFF71D5FE2E" author="Ander" box="[1059,1259,402,429]" firstAuthor="Ander" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="184 - 187" refId="ref40212" refString="Ander, K. (1967) Designation of lectotypes in Bombus and Psithyrus described by Swedish authors. Opuscula Entomologica, 32, 184 - 187." type="journal article" year="1967">Ander (1967:186)</bibRefCitation>
argued that this was not an original
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFFBB5E1FFE875FDB74ECFE53" box="[376,466,438,464]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
, so that the designation is invalid.
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFCA45FDB7126FE53" author="Nilsson" box="[859,1048,438,464]" firstAuthor="Nilsson" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref47231" refString="Nilsson, L. A. (2008) The type material of Swedish bees II. Andrena haemorrhoidalis FABRICIUS 1775 and Bombus balteatus DAHLBOM 1832 (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Entomofauna, Zeitschrift fur Entomologie, 29, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="2008">Nilsson (2008:3)</bibRefCitation>
described the unsuccessful search for an original
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFFBB5E1FFEC15FB774A7FE77" box="[318,409,474,500]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
. In its absence, he designated as
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFFBB5E1FFCF85FB7765EFE77" box="[775,864,474,500]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
a queen that agrees with the usual interpretation of the species (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFEAE5F9374E2FD9B" author="Loken" box="[337,476,510,536]" firstAuthor="Loken" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 218" refId="ref45906" refString="Loken, A. (1973) Studies on Scandinavian bumble bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Norsk entomologisk Tidsskrift, 20, 1 - 218." type="journal article" year="1973">Løken 1973</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FFBB5E1FFF385C4F705DFA8F" blockId="31.[151,1437,402,2012]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
Note 2 (
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFEDD5C4F777BFDBF" box="[290,581,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBB5E1FFEDD5C4F74B5FDBF" box="[290,395,546,572]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Alpinibombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balteatus">balteatus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBB5E1FFE685C4F74DAFDBF" authorityName="&gt; Var. Nigricans Thomson" authorityYear="1872" box="[407,484,546,572]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nivalis">nivalis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBB5E1FFE105C4F777BFDBF" authorityName="Dahlbom. Following" authorityYear="1832" box="[495,581,546,572]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricolor">tricolor</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
).
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFDA35C4F762EFDBF" author="Richards" box="[604,784,546,572]" firstAuthor="Richards" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref49035" refString="Richards, O. W. (1931) Some notes on the humble-bees allied to Bombus alpinus, L. TromsO Museums Arshefter, 50, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1931">Richards (1931)</bibRefCitation>
believed
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBB5E1FFC825C4E714FFDBF" authority="Dahlbom" authorityName="Dahlbom" box="[893,1137,546,572]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Alpinibombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balteatus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFC825C4E713DFDBF" box="[893,1027,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">B. balteatus</emphasis>
Dahlbom
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBB5E1FFB585C4E70BEFDBF" authority="Dahlbom" authorityName="Dahlbom. However" authorityYear="1832" box="[1191,1408,546,572]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nivalis">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFB585C4E702FFDBF" box="[1191,1297,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">B. nivalis</emphasis>
Dahlbom
</taxonomicName>
to be conspecific and selected the name
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBB5E1FFDC45C2A7611FDE3" authority="Dahlbom" authorityName="Dahlbom" box="[571,815,582,608]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Alpinibombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balteatus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFDC45C2A77FEFDE3" box="[571,704,582,608]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">B. balteatus</emphasis>
Dahlbom
</taxonomicName>
to have precedence because it was published on an earlier page (page priority is not a mandatory part of the Code). However,
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFC495C0771ABFD07" author="Thomson" box="[950,1173,617,644]" firstAuthor="Thomson" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refId="ref50510" refString="Thomson, C. G. (1872) Hymenoptera scandinaviae. (Apis Lin.). Vol. 2. Typis expressit Fr. Berling, Lund, 286 pp." type="book" year="1872">Thomson (1872:35)</bibRefCitation>
had already chosen the name
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBB5E1FFF255CE2748FFD2B" authority="Dahlbom" authorityName="Dahlbom. However" authorityYear="1832" box="[218,433,654,680]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nivalis">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFF255CE2747DFD2B" box="[218,323,654,680]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">B. nivalis</emphasis>
Dahlbom
</taxonomicName>
in precedence to both
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBB5E1FFD545CE276A0FD2B" authority="Dahlbom" authorityName="Dahlbom" box="[683,926,654,680]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Alpinibombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balteatus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFD545CE2760FFD2B" box="[683,817,654,680]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">B. balteatus</emphasis>
Dahlbom
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBB5E1FFC2C5CE27008FD2B" authority="Dahlbom. Following" authorityName="Dahlbom. Following" authorityYear="1832" box="[979,1334,654,680]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricolor">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFC2C5CE27176FD2B" box="[979,1096,654,680]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">B. tricolor</emphasis>
Dahlbom. Following
</taxonomicName>
the Principle of the First Reviser (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFE425CDF777AFD4F" author="ICZN" box="[445,580,690,716]" firstAuthor="ICZN" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refId="ref44699" refString="ICZN (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, London, XXIX + 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
: Article 24.2.2), Thomson’s action should now stand, so that the valid name for this species would be
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBB5E1FFE4E5CBA77C0FD73" authority="Dahlbom. However" authorityName="Dahlbom. However" authorityYear="1832" box="[433,766,726,752]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nivalis">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFE4E5CBA7725FD73" box="[433,539,726,752]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">B. nivalis</emphasis>
Dahlbom. However
</taxonomicName>
, we propose that in this case it is appropriate to maintain the prevailing usage of the name
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBB5E1FFE225C9677F1FC97" authority="Dahlbom" authorityName="Dahlbom" box="[477,719,762,788]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Alpinibombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balteatus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFE225C96775CFC97" box="[477,610,762,788]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">B. balteatus</emphasis>
Dahlbom
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFD225C97765CFC97" author="ICZN" box="[733,866,762,788]" firstAuthor="ICZN" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refId="ref44699" refString="ICZN (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, London, XXIX + 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
: Article 23.9.2), because as far as we are aware neither the name
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBB5E1FFECB5D727735FCBB" authority="Dahlbom" authorityName="Dahlbom. However" authorityYear="1832" box="[308,523,798,824]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nivalis">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFECB5D7274A3FCBB" box="[308,413,798,824]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">B. nivalis</emphasis>
Dahlbom
</taxonomicName>
nor the name
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBB5E1FFD585D7276B7FCBB" authority="Dahlbom" authorityName="Dahlbom. Following" authorityYear="1832" box="[679,905,798,824]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricolor">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFD585D727622FCBB" box="[679,796,798,824]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">B. tricolor</emphasis>
Dahlbom
</taxonomicName>
has been used in subsequent publications as the valid name for this species after 1899 (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFDBE5D2F77F8FCDF" author="ICZN" box="[577,710,834,860]" firstAuthor="ICZN" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refId="ref44699" refString="ICZN (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, London, XXIX + 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
:Article 23.9.1.1), except for a few early references to this species under the name
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBB5E1FFEB55D0A748AFC03" authorityName="Dahlbom. However" authorityYear="1832" box="[330,436,870,896]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nivalis">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFEB55D0A748AFC03" box="[330,436,870,896]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">B. nivalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFE3D5D0B77A4FC03" author="Lie-Pettersen" box="[450,666,870,896]" firstAuthor="Lie-Pettersen" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref45765" refString="Lie-Pettersen, O. J. (1901) Bidrag til kundskaben om Vestlandets Bombus - &amp; Psithyrus - arter. Bergens Museums Aarbog 1900, 3, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1901">Lie-Pettersen 1901</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFD595D0B77DFFC03" author="Lie-Pettersen" box="[678,737,870,896]" firstAuthor="Lie-Pettersen" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref45797" refString="Lie-Pettersen, O. J. (1907) Beitrage zur Biologie d. norwegischen Hummeln. Bergens Museums Aarbog 1906, 9, 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="1907">1907</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFD135D0B769AFC03" author="Bengtsson" box="[748,932,870,896]" firstAuthor="Bengtsson" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="237 - 246" refId="ref40412" refString="Bengtsson, S. (1908) Berattelse ofver en resa i entomologiskt syfte till mellersta Sverige sommaren 1907. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Arsbok, 6, 237 - 246." type="journal article" year="1908">Bengtsson 1908</bibRefCitation>
). In contrast, the name
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBB5E1FFB575D0A70A2FC03" authority="Dahlbom" authorityName="Dahlbom" box="[1192,1436,870,896]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Alpinibombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balteatus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFB575D0A7010FC03" box="[1192,1326,870,896]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">B. balteatus</emphasis>
Dahlbom
</taxonomicName>
has been the name in common use for this species in more than 25 works, published by at least 10 authors in the preceding 50 years (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFE835DC3773DFC4B" author="ICZN" box="[380,515,942,968]" firstAuthor="ICZN" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refId="ref44699" refString="ICZN (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, London, XXIX + 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
: Article 23.9.1.2) (since 1968: e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFC6C5DC37120FC4B" author="Loken" box="[915,1054,942,968]" firstAuthor="Loken" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 218" refId="ref45906" refString="Loken, A. (1973) Studies on Scandinavian bumble bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Norsk entomologisk Tidsskrift, 20, 1 - 218." type="journal article" year="1973">Løken 1973</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFBD55DC37062FC4B" author="Plowright &amp; Stephen" box="[1066,1372,942,968]" firstAuthor="Plowright" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="733 - 743" refId="ref48021" refString="Plowright, R. C. &amp; Stephen, W. P. (1973) A numerical taxonomic analysis of the evolutionary relationships of Bombus and Psithyrus (Apidae: Hymenoptera). Canadian Entomologist, 105, 733 - 743. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 105733 - 5" type="journal article" year="1973">Plowright &amp; Stephen 1973</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFA965DC37420FC6F" author="Sakagami" firstAuthor="Sakagami" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="390 - 447" refId="ref49257" refString="Sakagami, S. F. (1976) Specific differences in the bionomic characters of bumblebees. A comparative review. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, series Zoology, 20, 390 - 447." type="journal article" year="1976">Sakagami 1976</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFED55DBF7759FC6F" author="Svensson &amp; Lundberg" box="[298,615,978,1004]" firstAuthor="Svensson" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref50293" refString="Svensson, B. G. &amp; Lundberg, H. (1977) Distribution of bumble bee nests in a subalpine / alpine area in relation to altitude and habitat (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Zoon, 5, 63 - 72." type="journal article" year="1977">Svensson &amp; Lundberg 1977</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFD8C5DBF760AFC6F" author="Pekkarinen" box="[627,820,978,1004]" firstAuthor="Pekkarinen" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 60" refId="ref47708" refString="Pekkarinen, A. (1979) Morphometric, colour and enzyme variation in bumblebees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus) in Fennoscandia and Denmark. Acta zoologica fennica, 158, 1 - 60." type="journal article" year="1979">Pekkarinen 1979</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFCBF5DBF717EFC6F" author="Pekkarinen" box="[832,1088,978,1004]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Pekkarinen" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="71 - 89" refId="ref47781" refString="Pekkarinen, A., Teras, I., Viramo, J. &amp; Paatela, J. (1981) Distribution of bumblebees (Hymenoptera, Apidae: Bombus and Psithyrus) in eastern Fennoscandia. Notulae entomologicae, 61, 71 - 89." type="journal article" year="1981">
Pekkarinen
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFC3A5DBE76C0FC6F" box="[965,1022,978,1004]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">et al.</emphasis>
1981
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFBB35DBF71E7FC6F" author="Reinig" box="[1100,1241,978,1004]" firstAuthor="Reinig" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="159 - 164" refId="ref48926" refString="Reinig, W. F. (1981) Synopsis der in Europa nachgewiesenen Hummel- und Schmarotzerhummelarten (Hymenoptera, Bombidae). Spixiana, 4, 159 - 164." type="journal article" year="1981">Reinig 1981</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFB1A5DBF70A6FC6F" author="Rasmont" box="[1253,1432,978,1004]" firstAuthor="Rasmont" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 71" refId="ref48168" refString="Rasmont, P. (1983 a) Catalogue commente des bourdons de la region ouest-palearctique (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Apidae). Notes Fauniques de Gembloux, 7, 1 - 71." type="journal article" year="1983" yearSuffix="a">Rasmont 1983a</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFF685D9B75C7FB93" author="Ito, M." box="[151,249,1013,1040]" journalOrPublisher="Contributions from the Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 143" part="20" refId="ref44726" refString="Ito, M. (1985) Supraspecific classification of bumblebees based on the characters of male genitalia. Contributions from the Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Series B, 20, 1 - 143." title="Supraspecific classification of bumblebees based on the characters of male genitalia" type="journal article" year="1985">Ito 1985</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFEF95D9B74C3FB93" author="Ito &amp; Sakagami" box="[262,509,1013,1040]" firstAuthor="Ito" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="105 - 119" refId="ref44766" refString="Ito, M. &amp; Sakagami, S. F. (1985) Possible synapomorphies of the parasitic bumblebees (Psithyrus) with some non-parasitic bumblebees (Bombus) (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Sociobiology, 10, 105 - 119." type="journal article" year="1985">Ito &amp; Sakagami 1985</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFDF55D9B7613FB93" author="Pekkarinen &amp; Teras" box="[522,813,1014,1040]" firstAuthor="Pekkarinen" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="187 - 208" refId="ref47745" refString="Pekkarinen, A. &amp; Teras, I. (1993) Zoogeography of Bombus and Psithyrus in northwestern Europe (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Annales Zoologici Fennici, 30, 187 - 208." type="journal article" year="1993">Pekkarinen &amp; Teräs 1993</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFCC55D9B7121FB93" author="Chen &amp; Wang" box="[826,1055,1014,1040]" firstAuthor="Chen" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="324 - 336" refId="ref41611" refString="Chen, X. - L. &amp; Wang, S. - F. (1997) A study on phylogenetic relationships among the subgenera of bumble bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Entomologia Sinica, 4, 324 - 336. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1744 - 7917.1997. tb 00106. x" type="journal article" year="1997">Chen &amp; Wang 1997</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFBD35D9B71EAFB93" author="Williams" box="[1068,1236,1014,1040]" firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="79 - 152" refId="ref50980" refString="Williams, P. H. (1998) An annotated checklist of bumble bees with an analysis of patterns of description (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombini). Bulletin of The Natural History Museum, series Entomology, 67, 79 - 152." type="journal article" year="1998">Williams 1998</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFB1E5D9B70A6FB93" author="Koulianos" box="[1249,1432,1014,1040]" firstAuthor="Koulianos" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="355 - 358" refId="ref45193" refString="Koulianos, S. (1999) Phylogenetic relationships of the bumblebee subgenus Pyrobombus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase I sequences. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 92, 355 - 358. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 92.3.355" type="journal article" year="1999">Koulianos 1999</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFF685A777401FBB7" author="Pedersen" box="[151,319,1050,1076]" firstAuthor="Pedersen" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="361 - 386" refId="ref47661" refString="Pedersen, B. V. (2002) European bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Bombini) - phylogenetic relationships inferred from DNA sequences. Insect Systematics &amp; Evolution, 33, 361 - 386. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631202 X 00208" type="journal article" year="2002">Pedersen 2002</bibRefCitation>
;
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<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFE6D5A7674F5FBB7" box="[402,459,1050,1076]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">et al.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFE895A53779FFBDB" author="Berezin &amp; Tkacheva" box="[374,673,1086,1112]" firstAuthor="Berezin" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="343 - 357" refId="ref40443" refString="Berezin, M. V. &amp; Tkacheva, E. Y. (2012) [The fauna and ecology of bumblebees (Hymenoptera, Apidae: Bombus Latreille, 1802) of Karaginsky Island]. In: [Flora and faunas of north-west Pacific islands (materials of the International Kuril Island and International Sakhalin Island projects)]. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, pp. 343 - 357." type="book chapter" year="2012">Berezin &amp; Tkacheva 2012</bibRefCitation>
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;
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;
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;
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<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFDA25A0E77ABFBFF" box="[605,661,1122,1148]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">et al.</emphasis>
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). If challenged, the matter should be referred to the Commission for a ruling under its plenary power (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFDC55AEB77FFFB23" author="ICZN" box="[570,705,1158,1184]" firstAuthor="ICZN" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refId="ref44699" refString="ICZN (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, London, XXIX + 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
: Article 81). While the case were under consideration, use of the name
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBB5E1FFF235AC674ECFB47" authority="Dahlbom" authorityName="Dahlbom" box="[220,466,1194,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Alpinibombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balteatus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFF235AC6745CFB47" box="[220,354,1194,1220]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">B. balteatus</emphasis>
Dahlbom
</taxonomicName>
would need to be maintained (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFCD05AC77688FB47" author="ICZN" box="[815,950,1194,1220]" firstAuthor="ICZN" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refId="ref44699" refString="ICZN (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, London, XXIX + 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
: Article 82).
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBB5E1FFBB65AC770BCFB47" authority="Dahlbom" authorityName="Dahlbom" box="[1097,1410,1194,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balteatus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFBB65AC7702CFB47" box="[1097,1298,1194,1220]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Bombus balteatus</emphasis>
Dahlbom
</taxonomicName>
is the prosposed
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFEC85AA274C1FB6B" box="[311,511,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">nomen protectum,</emphasis>
in place of the unused names and prosposed nomina oblita,
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBB5E1FFB685AA27050FB6B" authority="Dahlbom" authorityName="Dahlbom. However" authorityYear="1832" box="[1175,1390,1230,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nivalis">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFB685AA2703EFB6B" box="[1175,1280,1230,1256]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">B. nivalis</emphasis>
Dahlbom
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBB5E1FFF685A9E74C9FA8F" authority="Dahlbom. Therefore" authorityName="Dahlbom. Therefore" box="[151,503,1266,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricolor">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFF685A9E7432FA8F" box="[151,268,1266,1292]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">B. tricolor</emphasis>
Dahlbom. Therefore
</taxonomicName>
we consider
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBB5E1FFD745A9F76FCFA8F" authority="Dahlbom" authorityName="Dahlbom" box="[651,962,1266,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balteatus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFD745A9F766AFA8F" box="[651,852,1266,1292]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Bombus balteatus</emphasis>
Dahlbom
</taxonomicName>
to be the valid name for this species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FFBB5E1FFF385B7B719AF9F7" blockId="31.[151,1437,402,2012]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
Note 3 (
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBB5E1FFED85B7A7459FAB3" box="[295,359,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Alpinibombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFED85B7A7459FAB3" box="[295,359,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">tristis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The name
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBB5E1FFE045B7A7705FAB3" box="[507,571,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Alpinibombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFE045B7A7705FAB3" box="[507,571,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">tristis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is published by
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFD035B7B76AAFAB3" author="Friese" box="[764,916,1302,1328]" firstAuthor="Friese" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="439 - 500" refId="ref42782" refString="Friese, H. (1902) Die arktischen Hymenoptera mit Ausschluss der Tenthrediniden. In: Romer, F. &amp; Schaudinn, F. (Eds.), Fauna Arctica. Eine Zusammenstellung der arktischen Tierformen, mit besonderer Berucksichtigung des Spitzbergen-Gebietes auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Deutschen Expedition in das Nordlichen Eismeer im Jahre 1889. Gustav Fischer, Jena, pp. 439 - 500." type="book chapter" year="1902">Friese (1902)</bibRefCitation>
for a taxon as a
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBB5E1FFBA45B7B7023FAB3" box="[1115,1309,1302,1328]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rank="variety" variety="alongside">variety alongside</taxonomicName>
taxa given subspecific rank, so that infrasubspecific rank is clearly intended for the taxon
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBB5E1FFBEE5B56716FFAD7" box="[1041,1105,1339,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Alpinibombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFBEE5B56716FFAD7" box="[1041,1105,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">tristis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFB9F5B5771D9FAD7" author="ICZN" box="[1120,1255,1338,1364]" firstAuthor="ICZN" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refId="ref44699" refString="ICZN (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, London, XXIX + 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
: Article 45.6.1). However,
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFEF65B3374FEFAFB" author="Skorikov" box="[265,448,1374,1400]" firstAuthor="Skorikov" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="37 - 64" refId="ref49648" refString="Skorikov, A. S. (1937) Die gronlandischen Hummeln im Aspekte der Zirkumpolarfauna. Entomologiske Meddelelser, 20, 37 - 64." type="journal article" year="1937">Skorikov (1937)</bibRefCitation>
uses
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBB5E1FFE035B3277B8FAFB" authority="Friese" authorityName="Friese" box="[508,646,1374,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Alpinibombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFE035B327702FAFB" box="[508,572,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">tristis</emphasis>
Friese
</taxonomicName>
for the name of a species, so that the taxon
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBB5E1FFB9B5B3271D3FAFB" authority="Friese" authorityName="Friese" box="[1124,1261,1374,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Alpinibombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFB9B5B32719AFAFB" box="[1124,1188,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">tristis</emphasis>
Friese
</taxonomicName>
must be treated as having subspecific rank from the date of its original publication (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFC705BEF712BFA1F" author="ICZN" box="[911,1045,1410,1436]" firstAuthor="ICZN" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refId="ref44699" refString="ICZN (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, London, XXIX + 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
: Article 45.6.4.1). The name
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBB5E1FFAA35BEE70A2FA1F" box="[1372,1436,1411,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Alpinibombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFAA35BEE70A2FA1F" box="[1372,1436,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">tristis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was first published for an
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBB5E1FFE445BCB7763FA43" authorityName="Kruger" authorityYear="1917" box="[443,605,1446,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Alpinobombus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFE445BCB7763FA43" box="[443,605,1446,1472]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Alpinobombus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
taxon by
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFD335BCB765AFA43" author="Friese" box="[716,868,1446,1472]" firstAuthor="Friese" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="439 - 500" refId="ref42782" refString="Friese, H. (1902) Die arktischen Hymenoptera mit Ausschluss der Tenthrediniden. In: Romer, F. &amp; Schaudinn, F. (Eds.), Fauna Arctica. Eine Zusammenstellung der arktischen Tierformen, mit besonderer Berucksichtigung des Spitzbergen-Gebietes auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Deutschen Expedition in das Nordlichen Eismeer im Jahre 1889. Gustav Fischer, Jena, pp. 439 - 500." type="book chapter" year="1902">Friese (1902)</bibRefCitation>
, who described the taxon in a key couplet with the name attributed to Sparre-Schneider ‘i. l.’ (in litt.). Therefore Sparre-Schneider may have been the first to recognise the taxon as undescribed and may have supplied the name
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBB5E1FFCDE5B82765FF98B" box="[801,865,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Alpinibombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFCDE5B82765FF98B" box="[801,865,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">tristis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, there is no evidence from Friese’s original publication that Sparre-Schneider was responsible for satisfying the other minimum criterion for availability (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFF60585B7418F9D3" author="ICZN" box="[159,294,1590,1616]" firstAuthor="ICZN" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refId="ref44699" refString="ICZN (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, London, XXIX + 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
: Article 12.1), that Sparre-Schneider supplied a description or diagnosis. Therefore the author of the nomenclatural act is deemed to be Friese (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFD90583777CBF9F7" author="ICZN" box="[623,757,1626,1652]" firstAuthor="ICZN" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refId="ref44699" refString="ICZN (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, London, XXIX + 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
: Article 50.1.1), not Sparre-Schneider.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FFBB5E1FFF3858137601F887" blockId="31.[151,1437,402,2012]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
Note 4 (
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFEDA581374BAF91B" box="[293,388,1662,1688]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">lysholmi</emphasis>
). The name
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFDEC5813774CF91B" box="[531,626,1662,1688]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">lysholmi</emphasis>
was published by
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFCBA581376E2F91B" author="Friese" box="[837,988,1661,1688]" firstAuthor="Friese" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="507 - 523" refId="ref42853" refString="Friese, H. (1905) Neue oder wenig bekannte Hummeln des russischen Reiches (Hymenoptera). Ezhegodnik Zoologicheskago muzeya, 9, 507 - 523." type="journal article" year="1905">Friese (1905)</bibRefCitation>
for a taxon as a
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBB5E1FFB6558137065F91B" box="[1178,1371,1662,1688]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rank="variety" variety="alongside">variety alongside</taxonomicName>
other taxa given subspecific rank, so that infrasubspecific rank is clearly intended for the taxon
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFB5E58CF703EF93F" box="[1185,1280,1698,1724]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">lysholmi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFAEF58CF70A6F93F" author="ICZN" box="[1296,1432,1698,1724]" firstAuthor="ICZN" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refId="ref44699" refString="ICZN (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, London, XXIX + 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
: Article 45.6.1). Subsequent references to this taxon before 1985 (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFC5A58AB7175F963" author="Richards" box="[933,1099,1734,1760]" firstAuthor="Richards" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref49035" refString="Richards, O. W. (1931) Some notes on the humble-bees allied to Bombus alpinus, L. TromsO Museums Arshefter, 50, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1931">Richards 1931</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFBA858AB703EF963" author="Skorikov" box="[1111,1280,1734,1760]" firstAuthor="Skorikov" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="37 - 64" refId="ref49648" refString="Skorikov, A. S. (1937) Die gronlandischen Hummeln im Aspekte der Zirkumpolarfauna. Entomologiske Meddelelser, 20, 37 - 64." type="journal article" year="1937">Skorikov 1937</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFAF358AB70AAF963" author="Loken" box="[1292,1428,1734,1760]" firstAuthor="Loken" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 218" refId="ref45906" refString="Loken, A. (1973) Studies on Scandinavian bumble bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Norsk entomologisk Tidsskrift, 20, 1 - 218." type="journal article" year="1973">Løken 1973</bibRefCitation>
) make no change to this status (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFE105887774BF887" author="ICZN" box="[495,629,1770,1796]" firstAuthor="ICZN" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refId="ref44699" refString="ICZN (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, London, XXIX + 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
: Article 45.6.4.1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FFBB5E1FFF3859637163F8F3" blockId="31.[151,1437,402,2012]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFF38596374CCF8AB" bold="true" box="[199,498,1805,1832]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Taxonomy and variation.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBB5E1FFE0759637781F8AB" box="[504,703,1806,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balteatus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFE0759637781F8AB" box="[504,703,1806,1832]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Bombus balteatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has often been considered to include
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBB5E1FFBA0596271D9F8AB" box="[1119,1255,1806,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirbiellus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFBA0596271D9F8AB" box="[1119,1255,1806,1832]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">B. kirbiellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but has recently been recognized as separate from evidence of a species coalescent in the COI gene (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFBAE595F7003F8CF" author="Williams" box="[1105,1341,1841,1868]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref51372" refString="Williams, P. H., Byvaltsev, A. M., Cederberg, B., Berezin, M. V., Odegaard, F., Rasmussen, C., et al. (2015) Genes suggest ancestral colour polymorphisms are shared across morphologically cryptic species in arctic bumblebees. PLoS ONE, 10, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0144544" type="journal article" year="2015">
Williams
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFB3E595E71C4F8CF" box="[1217,1274,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFFBB5E1FFAB5595F70B0F8CF" box="[1354,1422,1842,1868]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1663,1688]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,563,1642]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,561,1644]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. Estimate of the metric gene tree for the 54 longest unique COI-barcode alleles of the subgenus Alpinobombus from MrBayes combined with the Bayesian Poisson-tree-process (PTP) solution with the highest support with spots showing the nodes with the strongest support as coalescents for candidate species (outgroup B. ignitus not shown). Values above the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities showing branch support for groups; values below the nodes are PTP Bayesian support values that all daughter alleles are parts of a single species (probabilities within candidate species are all ≤ 0.44). The scale bar is calibrated in substitutions per nucleotide site. Each unique allele is represented by one of the longest available sample sequences, labelled with: the sequence length in number of nucleotides, a taxon name or name describing an unpublished colour pattern, and then a code that consists of a specimen identifier (AL#n) from the project database and (after the hyphen) a sample identifier from BOLD or GenBank, followed with its geographic origin (for simplicity Greenland is included without Denmark)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268187/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBB5E1FFF68593B7461F8F3" box="[151,351,1878,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balteatus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFF68593B7461F8F3" box="[151,351,1878,1904]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Bombus balteatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is vicariant with
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBB5E1FFDDE593A7795F8F3" box="[545,683,1878,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirbiellus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFDDE593A7795F8F3" box="[545,683,1878,1904]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">B. kirbiellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
across the Bering Strait (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFFBB5E1FFC38593B711AF8F3" box="[967,1060,1877,1904]" captionStart="FIGURES 59‒76" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1870,1895]" captionTargetBox="[253,1363,172,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[197,1391,166,1850]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 59‒76. 59: Bombus balteatus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 60‒76 colour patterns (as for Figs.16‒21): 60 (#540) Russia-Krasnoyask; 61 (#119) Sweden; 62 (#541) Russia-Krasnoyarsk; 63 (#542) Russia-Krasnoyarsk; 64 (#117) Mongolia; 65 (#534) Russia-Kamchatka; 66 (#3841) Norway; 67 (#738) Russia-Kamchatka; 68 (#971) Russia- Kamchatka; 69 (#535) Russia-Kamchatka; 70 (#973) Russia-Kamchatka; 71 (#880) Russia-Kamchatka; 72 (#536) Russia-Kamchatka; 73 (#228) Norway; 74 (#392) Sweden; 75 (#3843) Norway; 76 (#538) Russia-Kamchatka." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268201/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Figs. 59</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFFBB5E1FFBCF593B716EF8F3" box="[1072,1104,1878,1904]" captionStart="FIGURES 77‒88" captionStartId="35.[151,264,1891,1916]" captionTargetBox="[233,1361,174,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[166,1421,166,1871]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 77‒88. 77: Bombus kirbiellus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 78‒88 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 78 (#556) Canada-Nunavut; 79 (#294) Canada-Nunavut; 80 (#100) Canada-Nunavut; 81 (#3791) USA-Colorado; 82 (#3790) USA-Colorado; 83 (#3765) Canada-Nunavut; 84 (#3792) USA-Colorado; 85 (#3797) USA-Colorado; 86 (#4915) USA Alaska; 87 (#3768) Canada-Nunavut; 88 (#3812) USA-Colorado." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268203/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">77</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FFBB5E21FF3859177127FEBD" blockId="31.[151,1437,402,2012]" lastBlockId="33.[151,1437,153,1184]" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
Variation in the colour pattern has been analysed previously (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBB5E1FFC9759177170F817" author="Williams" box="[872,1102,1913,1940]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref51372" refString="Williams, P. H., Byvaltsev, A. M., Cederberg, B., Berezin, M. V., Odegaard, F., Rasmussen, C., et al. (2015) Genes suggest ancestral colour polymorphisms are shared across morphologically cryptic species in arctic bumblebees. PLoS ONE, 10, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0144544" type="journal article" year="2015">
Williams
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBB5E1FFC2A59167132F817" box="[981,1036,1914,1940]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
). Colour variation is primarily in whether the pale hair of T4‒5 is white (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFFBB5E1FFD8B59F376F1F83A" box="[628,975,1950,1977]" captionStart="FIGURES 59‒76" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1870,1895]" captionTargetBox="[253,1363,172,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[197,1391,166,1850]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 59‒76. 59: Bombus balteatus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 60‒76 colour patterns (as for Figs.16‒21): 60 (#540) Russia-Krasnoyask; 61 (#119) Sweden; 62 (#541) Russia-Krasnoyarsk; 63 (#542) Russia-Krasnoyarsk; 64 (#117) Mongolia; 65 (#534) Russia-Kamchatka; 66 (#3841) Norway; 67 (#738) Russia-Kamchatka; 68 (#971) Russia- Kamchatka; 69 (#535) Russia-Kamchatka; 70 (#973) Russia-Kamchatka; 71 (#880) Russia-Kamchatka; 72 (#536) Russia-Kamchatka; 73 (#228) Norway; 74 (#392) Sweden; 75 (#3843) Norway; 76 (#538) Russia-Kamchatka." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268201/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Figs. 60‒61, 67‒69, 71‒73, 76</figureCitation>
) or orange-red (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFFBB5E1FFB7759F3705AF83B" box="[1160,1380,1949,1976]" captionStart="FIGURES 59‒76" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1870,1895]" captionTargetBox="[253,1363,172,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[197,1391,166,1850]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 59‒76. 59: Bombus balteatus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 60‒76 colour patterns (as for Figs.16‒21): 60 (#540) Russia-Krasnoyask; 61 (#119) Sweden; 62 (#541) Russia-Krasnoyarsk; 63 (#542) Russia-Krasnoyarsk; 64 (#117) Mongolia; 65 (#534) Russia-Kamchatka; 66 (#3841) Norway; 67 (#738) Russia-Kamchatka; 68 (#971) Russia- Kamchatka; 69 (#535) Russia-Kamchatka; 70 (#973) Russia-Kamchatka; 71 (#880) Russia-Kamchatka; 72 (#536) Russia-Kamchatka; 73 (#228) Norway; 74 (#392) Sweden; 75 (#3843) Norway; 76 (#538) Russia-Kamchatka." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268201/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Figs. 62‒66, 74‒75</figureCitation>
) and whether the yellow bands on the thorax and on T1‒2 are present (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFFBB5E1FFC9E59AF7106F85F" box="[865,1080,1986,2012]" captionStart="FIGURES 59‒76" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1870,1895]" captionTargetBox="[253,1363,172,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[197,1391,166,1850]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 59‒76. 59: Bombus balteatus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 60‒76 colour patterns (as for Figs.16‒21): 60 (#540) Russia-Krasnoyask; 61 (#119) Sweden; 62 (#541) Russia-Krasnoyarsk; 63 (#542) Russia-Krasnoyarsk; 64 (#117) Mongolia; 65 (#534) Russia-Kamchatka; 66 (#3841) Norway; 67 (#738) Russia-Kamchatka; 68 (#971) Russia- Kamchatka; 69 (#535) Russia-Kamchatka; 70 (#973) Russia-Kamchatka; 71 (#880) Russia-Kamchatka; 72 (#536) Russia-Kamchatka; 73 (#228) Norway; 74 (#392) Sweden; 75 (#3843) Norway; 76 (#538) Russia-Kamchatka." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268201/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Figs. 60‒64, 71‒74</figureCitation>
) or absent (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFFBB5E1FFB4859AF70AEF85F" box="[1207,1424,1985,2012]" captionStart="FIGURES 59‒76" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1870,1895]" captionTargetBox="[253,1363,172,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[197,1391,166,1850]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 59‒76. 59: Bombus balteatus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 60‒76 colour patterns (as for Figs.16‒21): 60 (#540) Russia-Krasnoyask; 61 (#119) Sweden; 62 (#541) Russia-Krasnoyarsk; 63 (#542) Russia-Krasnoyarsk; 64 (#117) Mongolia; 65 (#534) Russia-Kamchatka; 66 (#3841) Norway; 67 (#738) Russia-Kamchatka; 68 (#971) Russia- Kamchatka; 69 (#535) Russia-Kamchatka; 70 (#973) Russia-Kamchatka; 71 (#880) Russia-Kamchatka; 72 (#536) Russia-Kamchatka; 73 (#228) Norway; 74 (#392) Sweden; 75 (#3843) Norway; 76 (#538) Russia-Kamchatka." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268201/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Figs. 66, 69‒70, 75</figureCitation>
). The banded ‘white-tailed’ colour pattern (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF855E21FD9C5EF47605FF30" box="[611,827,153,179]" captionStart="FIGURES 59‒76" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1870,1895]" captionTargetBox="[253,1363,172,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[197,1391,166,1850]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 59‒76. 59: Bombus balteatus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 60‒76 colour patterns (as for Figs.16‒21): 60 (#540) Russia-Krasnoyask; 61 (#119) Sweden; 62 (#541) Russia-Krasnoyarsk; 63 (#542) Russia-Krasnoyarsk; 64 (#117) Mongolia; 65 (#534) Russia-Kamchatka; 66 (#3841) Norway; 67 (#738) Russia-Kamchatka; 68 (#971) Russia- Kamchatka; 69 (#535) Russia-Kamchatka; 70 (#973) Russia-Kamchatka; 71 (#880) Russia-Kamchatka; 72 (#536) Russia-Kamchatka; 73 (#228) Norway; 74 (#392) Sweden; 75 (#3843) Norway; 76 (#538) Russia-Kamchatka." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268201/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figs. 60‒61, 71‒73</figureCitation>
) is more prevalent in Scandinavia (often with a pinkish anterior margin on T4:
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF855E21FE635ED674D3FF55" box="[412,493,187,214]" captionStart="FIGURES 59‒76" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1870,1895]" captionTargetBox="[253,1363,172,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[197,1391,166,1850]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 59‒76. 59: Bombus balteatus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 60‒76 colour patterns (as for Figs.16‒21): 60 (#540) Russia-Krasnoyask; 61 (#119) Sweden; 62 (#541) Russia-Krasnoyarsk; 63 (#542) Russia-Krasnoyarsk; 64 (#117) Mongolia; 65 (#534) Russia-Kamchatka; 66 (#3841) Norway; 67 (#738) Russia-Kamchatka; 68 (#971) Russia- Kamchatka; 69 (#535) Russia-Kamchatka; 70 (#973) Russia-Kamchatka; 71 (#880) Russia-Kamchatka; 72 (#536) Russia-Kamchatka; 73 (#228) Norway; 74 (#392) Sweden; 75 (#3843) Norway; 76 (#538) Russia-Kamchatka." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268201/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 73</figureCitation>
) and the banded ‘orange-tailed’ colour pattern (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF855E21FBFA5ED67169FF55" box="[1029,1111,187,214]" captionStart="FIGURES 59‒76" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1870,1895]" captionTargetBox="[253,1363,172,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[197,1391,166,1850]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 59‒76. 59: Bombus balteatus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 60‒76 colour patterns (as for Figs.16‒21): 60 (#540) Russia-Krasnoyask; 61 (#119) Sweden; 62 (#541) Russia-Krasnoyarsk; 63 (#542) Russia-Krasnoyarsk; 64 (#117) Mongolia; 65 (#534) Russia-Kamchatka; 66 (#3841) Norway; 67 (#738) Russia-Kamchatka; 68 (#971) Russia- Kamchatka; 69 (#535) Russia-Kamchatka; 70 (#973) Russia-Kamchatka; 71 (#880) Russia-Kamchatka; 72 (#536) Russia-Kamchatka; 73 (#228) Norway; 74 (#392) Sweden; 75 (#3843) Norway; 76 (#538) Russia-Kamchatka." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268201/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 64</figureCitation>
) is the only one known from
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF855E21FF685EB37436FF7B" box="[151,264,222,248]" name="Mongolia" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
. The unbanded orange-tailed colour pattern (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF855E21FD035EB376BFFF7B" box="[764,897,221,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 59‒76" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1870,1895]" captionTargetBox="[253,1363,172,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[197,1391,166,1850]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 59‒76. 59: Bombus balteatus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 60‒76 colour patterns (as for Figs.16‒21): 60 (#540) Russia-Krasnoyask; 61 (#119) Sweden; 62 (#541) Russia-Krasnoyarsk; 63 (#542) Russia-Krasnoyarsk; 64 (#117) Mongolia; 65 (#534) Russia-Kamchatka; 66 (#3841) Norway; 67 (#738) Russia-Kamchatka; 68 (#971) Russia- Kamchatka; 69 (#535) Russia-Kamchatka; 70 (#973) Russia-Kamchatka; 71 (#880) Russia-Kamchatka; 72 (#536) Russia-Kamchatka; 73 (#228) Norway; 74 (#392) Sweden; 75 (#3843) Norway; 76 (#538) Russia-Kamchatka." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268201/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figs. 66, 75</figureCitation>
) is recorded from
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF855E21FBB05EB27197FF7A" box="[1103,1193,223,249]" name="Norway" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Norway</collectingCountry>
and the unbanded (or weakly banded) white-tailed colour pattern (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF855E21FD765F6C7631FE9F" box="[649,783,257,284]" captionStart="FIGURES 59‒76" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1870,1895]" captionTargetBox="[253,1363,172,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[197,1391,166,1850]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 59‒76. 59: Bombus balteatus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 60‒76 colour patterns (as for Figs.16‒21): 60 (#540) Russia-Krasnoyask; 61 (#119) Sweden; 62 (#541) Russia-Krasnoyarsk; 63 (#542) Russia-Krasnoyarsk; 64 (#117) Mongolia; 65 (#534) Russia-Kamchatka; 66 (#3841) Norway; 67 (#738) Russia-Kamchatka; 68 (#971) Russia- Kamchatka; 69 (#535) Russia-Kamchatka; 70 (#973) Russia-Kamchatka; 71 (#880) Russia-Kamchatka; 72 (#536) Russia-Kamchatka; 73 (#228) Norway; 74 (#392) Sweden; 75 (#3843) Norway; 76 (#538) Russia-Kamchatka." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268201/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figs. 69, 76</figureCitation>
) is more frequent from Kamchatka, especially from Karaginsky Island. One queen from Karaginsky Island is extensively black (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF855E21FC475F4E7132FEBD" box="[952,1036,291,318]" captionStart="FIGURES 59‒76" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1870,1895]" captionTargetBox="[253,1363,172,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[197,1391,166,1850]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 59‒76. 59: Bombus balteatus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 60‒76 colour patterns (as for Figs.16‒21): 60 (#540) Russia-Krasnoyask; 61 (#119) Sweden; 62 (#541) Russia-Krasnoyarsk; 63 (#542) Russia-Krasnoyarsk; 64 (#117) Mongolia; 65 (#534) Russia-Kamchatka; 66 (#3841) Norway; 67 (#738) Russia-Kamchatka; 68 (#971) Russia- Kamchatka; 69 (#535) Russia-Kamchatka; 70 (#973) Russia-Kamchatka; 71 (#880) Russia-Kamchatka; 72 (#536) Russia-Kamchatka; 73 (#228) Norway; 74 (#392) Sweden; 75 (#3843) Norway; 76 (#538) Russia-Kamchatka." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268201/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 70</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="709B8881FF845E20FF685923765AF874" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268201/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" startId="32.[151,264,1870,1895]" targetBox="[253,1363,172,1807]" targetPageId="32">
<paragraph id="245BD809FF845E20FF685923765AF874" blockId="32.[151,1436,1870,2039]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF845E20FF6859237472F8E4" bold="true" box="[151,332,1870,1895]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">FIGURES 59‒76</emphasis>
. 59:
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF845E20FE8359227711F8E4" box="[380,559,1871,1895]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balteatus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF845E20FE8359227711F8E4" box="[380,559,1871,1895]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Bombus balteatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 60
<emphasis id="1690041BFF845E20FC575922768BF8E4" bold="true" box="[936,949,1871,1895]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">‒</emphasis>
76 colour patterns (as for Figs.16
<emphasis id="1690041BFF845E20FAFE59227030F8E4" bold="true" box="[1281,1294,1871,1895]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">‒</emphasis>
21): 60 (#540) Russia-Krasnoyask; 61 (#119) Sweden; 62 (#541) Russia-Krasnoyarsk; 63 (#542) Russia-Krasnoyarsk; 64 (#117) Mongolia; 65 (#534) Russia-Kamchatka; 66 (#3841) Norway; 67 (#738) Russia-Kamchatka; 68 (#971) Russia- Kamchatka; 69 (#535) Russia-Kamchatka; 70 (#973) Russia-Kamchatka; 71 (#880) Russia-Kamchatka; 72 (#536) Russia-Kamchatka; 73 (#228) Norway; 74 (#392) Sweden; 75 (#3843) Norway; 76 (#538) Russia-Kamchatka.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF855E21FF385F2B766CFE4B" blockId="33.[151,1437,153,1184]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
Colour-pattern variation of
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF855E21FE015F2A77BAFEE3" box="[510,644,326,352]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balteatus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF855E21FE015F2A77BAFEE3" box="[510,644,326,352]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">B. balteatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
within Scandinavia has been mapped by
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF855E21FBA55F2B71D0FEE3" author="Loken" box="[1114,1262,326,352]" firstAuthor="Loken" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 218" refId="ref45906" refString="Loken, A. (1973) Studies on Scandinavian bumble bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Norsk entomologisk Tidsskrift, 20, 1 - 218." type="journal article" year="1973">Løken (1973</bibRefCitation>
: her figure 69). Within Scandinavia,
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF855E21FE7E5F077736FE00" box="[385,520,361,387]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balteatus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF855E21FE7E5F077736FE00" box="[385,520,361,387]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">B. balteatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows a tendency towards an increased frequency of darker colour patterns in the more southern mountains. Entirely black individuals are not present in our sample.
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF855E21FBA15FE6700EFE25" author="Pekkarinen" box="[1118,1328,395,422]" firstAuthor="Pekkarinen" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 60" refId="ref47708" refString="Pekkarinen, A. (1979) Morphometric, colour and enzyme variation in bumblebees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus) in Fennoscandia and Denmark. Acta zoologica fennica, 158, 1 - 60." type="journal article" year="1979">Pekkarinen (1979)</bibRefCitation>
recorded ‘almost completely black’ Scandinavian males of
<emphasis id="1690041BFF855E21FD3A5FC2766CFE4B" box="[709,850,430,456]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF855E21FD3A5FC27670FE4B" box="[709,846,430,456]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balteatus">B. balteatus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FF855E21FF385FBD7676FC2D" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="245BD809FF855E21FF385FBD76C9FD38" blockId="33.[151,1437,153,1184]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF855E21FF385FBD748FFE68" bold="true" box="[199,433,464,491]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Material examined.</emphasis>
59 queens
<specimenCount id="32E21380FF855E21FDCE5FBC7791FE68" box="[561,687,465,491]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="worker">61 workers</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="32E21380FF855E21FD495FBC7616FE68" box="[694,808,465,491]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="male">113 males</specimenCount>
(plus
<specimenCount id="32E21380FF855E21FC905FBD76C6FE68" box="[879,1016,464,491]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="female">425 females</specimenCount>
with caste undetermined), from
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF855E21FA975FBC75F9FD8D" name="Norway" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Norway</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF855E21FF2D5F9E7413FD8E" box="[210,301,499,525]" name="Sweden" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Sweden</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF855E21FEC65F9E74AFFD8E" box="[313,401,499,525]" name="Finland" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Finland</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF855E21FE625F9E74D4FD8E" box="[413,490,499,525]" name="Russia" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Russia</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF855E21FDDA5F9E77ACFD8E" box="[549,658,499,525]" name="Mongolia" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF855E21FD5D5F9E77C8FD8D" box="[674,758,499,526]" captionStart="FIGURES 59‒76" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1870,1895]" captionTargetBox="[253,1363,172,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[197,1391,166,1850]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 59‒76. 59: Bombus balteatus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 60‒76 colour patterns (as for Figs.16‒21): 60 (#540) Russia-Krasnoyask; 61 (#119) Sweden; 62 (#541) Russia-Krasnoyarsk; 63 (#542) Russia-Krasnoyarsk; 64 (#117) Mongolia; 65 (#534) Russia-Kamchatka; 66 (#3841) Norway; 67 (#738) Russia-Kamchatka; 68 (#971) Russia- Kamchatka; 69 (#535) Russia-Kamchatka; 70 (#973) Russia-Kamchatka; 71 (#880) Russia-Kamchatka; 72 (#536) Russia-Kamchatka; 73 (#228) Norway; 74 (#392) Sweden; 75 (#3843) Norway; 76 (#538) Russia-Kamchatka." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268201/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 59</figureCitation>
:
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF855E21FCFF5F997619FD8D" box="[768,807,500,526]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">AB</collectionCode>
BP FB FO
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF855E21FC545F9976D2FD8D" box="[939,1004,500,526]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34797" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34797" name="Illinois Natural History Survey" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">INHS</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF855E21FC0B5F99711EFD8D" box="[1012,1056,500,526]" country="Portugal" name="Universidade de Lisboa, Museu Bocage" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">MB</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF855E21FBD95F997142FD8D" box="[1062,1148,500,526]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">MNHU</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF855E21FB7C5F9971D3FD8D" box="[1155,1261,500,526]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF855E21FB0B5F997023FD8D" box="[1268,1309,500,526]" country="Thailand" name="Paleontological Collections" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">PW</collectionCode>
SD
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF855E21FAAF5F9970A2FD8D" box="[1360,1436,500,526]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34264" name="University of Kansas - Biodiversity Institute" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="Museum">SEMC</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF855E21FF685C7A75EAFDB2" box="[151,212,535,561]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="Museum">YPM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF855E21FF255C7B7426FDB3" box="[218,280,534,560]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/vmfx-g997" name="Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">ZISP</collectionCode>
), with
<specimenCount id="32E21380FF855E21FE9E5C7B74C6FDB3" box="[353,504,534,560]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="generic">23 specimens</specimenCount>
barcoded. Several records are questionable. A record for four Russian females in the
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFF855E21FF685C5475EEFDD0" box="[151,208,569,595]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/vmfx-g997" name="Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">ZISP</collectionCode>
collection from near the southern border with
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF855E21FD2D5C54766BFDD0" box="[722,853,569,595]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
(#905‒908) needs confirmation because the temper- ate low-elevation steppe habitat appears climatically unsuitable (cf. the Maxent climatic suitability model in
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFF855E21FA8F5C367599FD1A" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1715,1740]" captionTargetBox="[166,1426,427,1686]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,417,1696]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Sample sites and climatic suitability for all Alpinobombus species combined estimated using Maxent from climate variables for the year 2000. Bright yellow and brown areas show where the logistic prediction of occurrence is p&gt; 0.5 (the outlier records with exceptionally low probabilities of suitability were excluded in step-wise iterations); brown spots show all consistent Alpinobombus site records; ‘?’ shows the five records that are in climatically outlying sites. Polar projection, North Pole (starred) at the centre of the map, international boundaries and the Arctic Circle shown as narrow grey lines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268181/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Similarly, southern records from near Krasnoyarsk (#683, farmland/forest) and Khabarovsk (#909, town/forest) appear to be from unsuitable low-elevation habitat and need to be confirmed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF855E21FF385CAE7676FC2D" blockId="33.[151,1437,153,1184]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF855E21FF385CAE74CDFD5D" bold="true" box="[199,499,707,734]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Habitat and distribution.</emphasis>
Flower-rich arctic/alpine tundra and subalpine meadows in the Old World from the north of Scandinavia and Taymyr (but absent from Novaya Zemlya and Wrangel Island), extending southwards into the subarctic region in the alpine zone of the Kamchatka, Magadan-Sakha, Altay, Ural, and southern Scandinavian mountains. Regional distribution maps (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF855E21FD9A5D4677C0FCC5" author="Pittioni" box="[613,766,811,838]" firstAuthor="Pittioni" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="155 - 218" refId="ref47982" refString="Pittioni, B. (1942) Die boreoalpinen Hummeln und Schmarotzerhummeln (Hymen., Apidae, Bombinae). I. Teil. Izvestiya na Tsarskite prirodonauchni instituti v Sofiya, 15, 155 - 218." type="journal article" year="1942">Pittioni 1942</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF855E21FCF25D4676A4FCC5" author="Loken" box="[781,922,811,838]" firstAuthor="Loken" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 218" refId="ref45906" refString="Loken, A. (1973) Studies on Scandinavian bumble bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Norsk entomologisk Tidsskrift, 20, 1 - 218." type="journal article" year="1973">Løken 1973</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF855E21FC565D46718CFCC5" author="Pekkarinen" box="[937,1202,811,838]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Pekkarinen" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="71 - 89" refId="ref47781" refString="Pekkarinen, A., Teras, I., Viramo, J. &amp; Paatela, J. (1981) Distribution of bumblebees (Hymenoptera, Apidae: Bombus and Psithyrus) in eastern Fennoscandia. Notulae entomologicae, 61, 71 - 89." type="journal article" year="1981">
Pekkarinen
<emphasis id="1690041BFF855E21FBCE5D417153FCC5" box="[1073,1133,812,838]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
1981
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF855E21FB3E5D4175EDFCEB" author="Rasmont &amp; Iserbyt" firstAuthor="Rasmont" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref48476" refString="Rasmont, P. &amp; Iserbyt, S. (2012) Atlas of the European bees: genus Bombus. 2 nd Edition. STEP Project, Atlas Hymenoptera. Mons, Gembloux. Available from: http: // www. atlashymenoptera. net / page. asp? id = 169 (accessed 3 June 2019)" type="url" year="2012">Rasmont &amp; Iserbyt 2012</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF855E21FF215D2074F0FCEB" author="Odegaard" box="[222,462,845,872]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Odegaard" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref47306" refString="Odegaard, F., Staverlokk, A., Gjershaug, J. O., Bengtson, R. &amp; Mjelde, A. (2015) Humler i Norge. Kjennetegn, utbredelse og levesett. Norsk Institutt for Naturforskning, Trondheim, 231 pp." type="book" year="2015">
Ødegaard
<emphasis id="1690041BFF855E21FEAC5D2274B5FCEB" box="[339,395,846,872]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF855E21FE255D2277FCFCEB" author="Rasmont" box="[474,706,845,873]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Rasmont" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref48312" refString="Rasmont, P., Franzen, M., Lecocq, T., Harpke, A., Roberts, S. P. M., Biesmeijer, J. C., Castro, L., Cederberg, B., Dvorak, L., Fitzpatrick, U., Gonseth, Y., Haubruge, E., Mahe, G., Manino, A., Michez, D., Neumayer, J., Odegaard, F., Paukkunen, J., Pawlikowski, T., Potts, S. G., Reemer, M., Settele, J., Straka, J. &amp; Schweiger, O. (2015) Climatic risk and distribution atlas of European bumblebees. Biorisk 10. Special Issue. Pensoft, Sofia, 236 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / biorisk. 10.4749" type="book" year="2015">
Rasmont
<emphasis id="1690041BFF855E21FDBA5D227740FCEB" box="[581,638,846,872]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
). The records of this species by
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF855E21FBD45D2371E5FCEB" author="Milliron" box="[1067,1243,846,872]" firstAuthor="Milliron" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="81 - 237" refId="ref46901" refString="Milliron, H. E. (1973) A monograph of the western hemisphere bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae; Bombinae). II. The genus Megabombus subgenus Megabombus. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 89, 81 - 237. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 10589 fv" type="journal article" year="1973">Milliron (1973)</bibRefCitation>
from Alaska and northern
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FF855E21FF035D1C746EFC08" box="[252,336,881,907]" name="Canada" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Canada</collectingCountry>
are believed to be misidentifications (specimens examined resembling
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF855E21FB995D1F71D5FC08" box="[1126,1259,881,907]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balteatus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF855E21FB995D1F71D5FC08" box="[1126,1259,881,907]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">B. balteatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Ellesmere Island have all proved to be dark individuals of
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFF855E21FD505DF97606FC2D" box="[687,824,916,942]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirbiellus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF855E21FD505DF97606FC2D" box="[687,824,916,942]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">B. kirbiellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
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<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FF855E21FF385DDB7176FB23" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="description">
<paragraph id="245BD809FF855E21FF385DDB719EFC53" blockId="33.[151,1437,153,1184]" box="[199,1184,950,976]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF855E21FF385DDB7465FC53" bold="true" box="[199,347,950,976]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Food plants.</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF855E21FE965DDB772FFC53" author="Richards" box="[361,529,950,976]" firstAuthor="Richards" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref49035" refString="Richards, O. W. (1931) Some notes on the humble-bees allied to Bombus alpinus, L. TromsO Museums Arshefter, 50, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1931">Richards 1931</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF855E21FDE25DDB7679FC53" author="Berezin &amp; Tkacheva" box="[541,839,950,976]" firstAuthor="Berezin" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="343 - 357" refId="ref40443" refString="Berezin, M. V. &amp; Tkacheva, E. Y. (2012) [The fauna and ecology of bumblebees (Hymenoptera, Apidae: Bombus Latreille, 1802) of Karaginsky Island]. In: [Flora and faunas of north-west Pacific islands (materials of the International Kuril Island and International Sakhalin Island projects)]. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, pp. 343 - 357." type="book chapter" year="2012">Berezin &amp; Tkacheva 2012</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF855E21FCAD5DDB71A6FC53" author="Mossberg &amp; Cederberg" box="[850,1176,950,976]" firstAuthor="Mossberg" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref47159" refString="Mossberg, B. &amp; Cederberg, B. (2012) Humlor i Sverige. Bonnier Fakta, Stockholm, 191 pp." type="book" year="2012">Mossberg &amp; Cederberg 2012</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF855E21FF385DB5715BFC70" blockId="33.[151,1437,153,1184]" box="[199,1125,984,1011]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF855E21FF385DB57476FC70" bold="true" box="[199,328,984,1011]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Behaviour.</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF855E21FEA85DB474DCFC70" author="Loken" box="[343,482,985,1011]" firstAuthor="Loken" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 218" refId="ref45906" refString="Loken, A. (1973) Studies on Scandinavian bumble bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Norsk entomologisk Tidsskrift, 20, 1 - 218." type="journal article" year="1973">Løken 1973</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF855E21FE115DB47614FC70" author="Svensson &amp; Lundberg" box="[494,810,985,1011]" firstAuthor="Svensson" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref50293" refString="Svensson, B. G. &amp; Lundberg, H. (1977) Distribution of bumble bee nests in a subalpine / alpine area in relation to altitude and habitat (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Zoon, 5, 63 - 72." type="journal article" year="1977">Svensson &amp; Lundberg 1977</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF855E21FCCA5DB47160FC70" author="Berezin &amp; Tkacheva" box="[821,1118,985,1011]" firstAuthor="Berezin" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="343 - 357" refId="ref40443" refString="Berezin, M. V. &amp; Tkacheva, E. Y. (2012) [The fauna and ecology of bumblebees (Hymenoptera, Apidae: Bombus Latreille, 1802) of Karaginsky Island]. In: [Flora and faunas of north-west Pacific islands (materials of the International Kuril Island and International Sakhalin Island projects)]. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, pp. 343 - 357." type="book chapter" year="2012">Berezin &amp; Tkacheva 2012</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FF855E21FF385D967176FB23" blockId="33.[151,1437,153,1184]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="1690041BFF855E21FF385D967481FB95" bold="true" box="[199,447,1019,1046]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Conservation status.</emphasis>
This species has been assessed in part for Red List threat status using IUCN criteria (2001).
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF855E21FF105A7374C1FBBA" author="Cederberg" box="[239,511,1054,1081]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Cederberg" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="2019" refId="ref41482" refString="Cederberg, B., Michez, D., Nieto, A., Radchencko, V., Rasmont, P. &amp; Roberts, S. P. M. (2013 b) Bombus balteatus. The IUCN Red List of threatened species. Availabe from: www. iucnredlist. org / (sccessed 12 Feburary 2019)" type="journal article" year="2013" yearSuffix="b">
Cederberg
<emphasis id="1690041BFF855E21FE965A72749EFBBB" box="[361,416,1054,1080]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
(2013b)
</bibRefCitation>
assessed the Red List status of this species in Europe as ‘Least Concern’ because of its broad distribution, its presumed large overall population described as stable, with no major threats. Subsequently,
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FF855E21FF685A0974AEFBFD" author="Rasmont" box="[151,400,1123,1150]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Rasmont" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref48312" refString="Rasmont, P., Franzen, M., Lecocq, T., Harpke, A., Roberts, S. P. M., Biesmeijer, J. C., Castro, L., Cederberg, B., Dvorak, L., Fitzpatrick, U., Gonseth, Y., Haubruge, E., Mahe, G., Manino, A., Michez, D., Neumayer, J., Odegaard, F., Paukkunen, J., Pawlikowski, T., Potts, S. G., Reemer, M., Settele, J., Straka, J. &amp; Schweiger, O. (2015) Climatic risk and distribution atlas of European bumblebees. Biorisk 10. Special Issue. Pensoft, Sofia, 236 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / biorisk. 10.4749" type="book" year="2015">
Rasmont
<emphasis id="1690041BFF855E21FEFC5A097408FBFD" box="[259,310,1124,1150]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al</emphasis>
. (2015)
</bibRefCitation>
have assessed the risk from climate change to this species in Europe as ‘very high climate change risk’ (HHR), projecting that it will suffer considerably from global warming.
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<emphasis id="1690041BFFBF5E1BFF685A7074F4FBB4" bold="true" box="[151,458,1053,1080]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
3.
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBF5E1BFF4A5A7074F4FBB4" ID-CoL="MFSJ" authority="Curtis" authorityName="Curtis" box="[181,458,1053,1080]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polaris">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBF5E1BFF4A5A70744CFBBB" bold="true" box="[181,370,1053,1080]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Bombus polaris</emphasis>
Curtis
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FFBF5E1BFF685A2C7714FBD8" box="[151,554,1088,1115]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="description">
<paragraph id="245BD809FFBF5E1BFF685A2C7714FBD8" blockId="27.[151,554,1053,1115]" box="[151,554,1088,1115]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
(
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFFBF5E1BFF5E5A2C75D0FBD8" box="[161,238,1089,1115]" captionStart="FIGURES 1‒6" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1894,1919]" captionTargetBox="[223,1370,166,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[213,1375,166,1875]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1‒6. Lateral views of foraging females (queens) of species of the subgenus Alpinobombus (with photo credits): 1, B. alpinus, Norway (A. Staverløkk); 2, B. pyrrhopygus, Sweden (G. Holmström); 3, B. polaris, Canada (B. Heinrich); 4, B. balteatus, Sweden (G. Holmström); 5, B. kirbiellus, USA (D. Wilson); 6, B. hyperboreus, Sweden (L.-I. Larsson). Some images reversed." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268177/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFFBF5E1BFF045A2C747AFBD8" box="[251,324,1088,1115]" captionStart="FIGURES 39‒58" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1824,1849]" captionTargetBox="[267,1352,172,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[212,1376,166,1804]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 39‒58. 39: Bombus polaris global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 40‒58 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 40 (#4380) Canada-Labrador; 41 (#4396) USA-Alaska; 42 (#3856) Canada-Nunavut; 43 (#59) USA-Alaska; 44 (#43) Denmark- Greenland; 45 (#4740) Denmark-Greenland; 46 (#4407) USA-Alaska; 47 (#334) USA-Alaska; 48 (#285) Canada-Nunavut; 49 (#4383) USA-Alaska; 50 (#44) Denmark-Greenland; 51 (#19) Canada-Northwest Territories; 52 (#4401) USA-Alaska; 53 (#4403) USA-Alaska; 54 (#4884) Canada-Yukon; 55 (#4405) USA-Alaska; 56 (#4384) USA-Alaska; 57 (#4951) USA-Alaska; 58 (#29) Canada-Manitoba." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268199/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">39‒58</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFFBF5E1BFEB05A2C7445FBD8" box="[335,379,1089,1115]" captionStart="FIGURES 129‒137" captionStartId="45.[151,264,1802,1827]" captionTargetBox="[171,1400,212,1747]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[151,1436,181,1782]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 129‒137. Morphology of the male genitalia for species of the subgenus Alpinobombus from the dorsal aspect, anterior to the left of the image, posterior to the right: 129 B. alpinus (#3824); 130 B pyrrhopygus (#3833); 131 B. polaris (#73); 132 B. balteatus (#3843); 133 B. kirbiellus (#3768); 134 B. neoboreus (#4387); 135 B. kluanensis (#4876); 136 B. natvigi (#81); 137 B. hyperboreus (#3821)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268213/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">131</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFFBF5E1BFE785A2C74D5FBD8" box="[391,491,1089,1115]" captionStart="FIGURES 140‒143" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1866,1891]" captionTargetBox="[157,1433,181,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[151,1436,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 140‒143. Morphology of females (queens). Left lateral aspect of the oculo-malar area of: 140, B. polaris; 141, B. kirbiellus (white lines indicate length and breadth measurements). Left lateral aspect of the outer surface of the left hind tibia (corbicular area): 142, B. polaris; 143, B. neoboreus (white lines indicate highlights in the central area)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268219/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">140, 142</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFFBF5E1BFE085A2C771FFBD8" box="[503,545,1089,1115]" captionStart="FIGURES 144‒147" captionStartId="51.[151,264,1282,1307]" captionTargetBox="[151,1409,166,1244]" captionTargetId="figure@51.[151,1409,166,1263]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURES 144‒147. Morphology of males. Dorsal aspect of the penis valves of: 144, B. natvigi; 145, B. neoboreus (white lines indicate location of the subapical outer tooth of the left penis valve). Dorsal aspect of left gonostylus: 146 B. kirbiellus; 147, B. polaris (white lines indicate anterior, midpoint, and posterior median projections of left gonostylus)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268221/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">147</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FFBF5E1BFF685AE876E8F946" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="245BD809FFBF5E1BFF685AE876F8FB7A" blockId="27.[151,1437,1156,1764]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
&lt;
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBF5E1BFF5A5AE875C2FB1E" ID-CoL="62H8K" authority="Arcticus Kirby in Sabine 1824" authorityName="Helleri von Dalla Torre" authorityYear="1882" box="[165,252,1157,1181]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bombus</taxonomicName>
&gt;
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBF5E1BFEEF5AEB777BFB1E" ID-CoL="5WNP8" authority="Kirby in Sabine 1824" authorityName="Kirby in Sabine" authorityYear="1824" baseAuthorityName="Quensel" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[272,581,1156,1181]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBF5E1BFEEF5AEB745DFB1E" box="[272,355,1158,1181]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Arcticus</emphasis>
Kirby in
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBF5E1BFE3B5AE9777BFB1E" author="Sabine" box="[452,581,1156,1181]" firstAuthor="Sabine" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1819 - 20" refId="ref49169" refString="Sabine, J. (1824) [Insects.] In: Journal of a voyage for the discovery of a North-West Passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific; performed in the years 1819 - 20, in His Majesty's ships Hecla and Griper, under the orders of William Edward Parry, R. N., F. R. S., and commander of the expedition. Appendix X. Natural History. John Murray, London, pp. ccxiv-ccxix." type="book chapter" year="1824">Sabine 1824</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: ccxvi (not of Quensel 1802:253, =
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBF5E1BFC515AEB7184FB1E" ID-CoL="MFL6" authority="Schonherr" authorityName="Schonherr" box="[942,1210,1156,1181]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyperboreus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBF5E1BFC515AEB7176FB1E" box="[942,1096,1157,1181]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">B. hyperboreus</emphasis>
Schönherr
</taxonomicName>
), type-locality citation ‘Melville Island and wherever the expedition landed within the arctic circle’.
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFFBF5E1BFC265AC9717AFB3F" box="[985,1092,1188,1212]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="lectotype">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBF5E1BFC265AC9717AFB3F" bold="true" box="[985,1092,1188,1212]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Lectotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
queen (#285) by present designation, NHMUK examined PW, ‘Melvilles I.’ (Melville Island,
<collectingRegion id="E62016EBFFBF5E1BFCCC5AAE76B3FB59" box="[819,909,1219,1242]" country="Canada" name="Nunavut" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Nunavut</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FFBF5E1BFC695AAF76D9FB58" box="[918,999,1218,1243]" name="Canada" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Canada</collectingCountry>
). Notes 1, 2. Synonymised with
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBF5E1BFAD15AAE74B0FB7A" authority="(Curtis)" authorityName="Curtis" baseAuthorityName="Curtis" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Megabombus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polaris">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBF5E1BFAD15AAE7407FB7A" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Megabombus polaris</emphasis>
(Curtis)
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBF5E1BFE4B5A8D774BFB7A" author="Milliron" box="[436,629,1248,1273]" firstAuthor="Milliron" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="81 - 237" refId="ref46901" refString="Milliron, H. E. (1973) A monograph of the western hemisphere bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae; Bombinae). II. The genus Megabombus subgenus Megabombus. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 89, 81 - 237. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 10589 fv" type="journal article" year="1973">Milliron (1973:98)</bibRefCitation>
; confirmed from
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFFBF5E1BFCD95A8D76B3FB7A" box="[806,909,1248,1273]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="lectotype">lectotypes</typeStatus>
here.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FFBF5E1BFF685B6D74DBFAD6" blockId="27.[151,1437,1156,1764]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
&lt;
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBF5E1BFF5A5B6D75C2FA9B" ID-CoL="62H8K" authority="Polaris Curtis 1835" authorityName="Helleri von Dalla Torre" authorityYear="1882" box="[165,252,1280,1304]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bombus</taxonomicName>
&gt;
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBF5E1BFEEB5B6D74DCFA9B" authority="Curtis 1835" authorityName="Curtis" authorityYear="1835" box="[276,482,1279,1304]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Megabombus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polaris">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBF5E1BFEEB5B6D7461FA9B" box="[276,351,1280,1304]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Polaris</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="948CD254FFBF5E1BFE985A9274DCFA9B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2273437267" box="[359,482,1279,1304]" collectionCode="NHMUK, PW" country="Canada" county="Boothia Peninsula" location="Arctic'" municipality="Ross" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nunavut" typeStatus="lectotype">
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBF5E1BFE985A9274DCFA9B" author="Curtis" box="[359,482,1279,1304]" firstAuthor="Curtis" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref41860" refString="Curtis, J. (1835) Insects. Descriptions, etc. of the insects brought home by Commander James Clark Ross, R. N., F. R. S. &amp; c. In: J. Ross, Appendix to the narrative of a second voyage in search of a North-West Passage, and of a residence in the arctic regions during the years 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832, 1833, Baudry, London, pp. lix-lxxx." type="journal volume" year="1835">Curtis 1835</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
:lxiii, type-locality citation ‘
<location id="213B8ED2FFBF5E1BFD005A927677FA9B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC4D691FFFBF5E1EFF685A707683FAD4:213B8ED2FFBF5E1BFD005A927677FA9B" box="[767,841,1279,1304]" country="Canada" county="Boothia Peninsula" municipality="Ross" name="Arctic'" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" stateProvince="Nunavut">Arctic’</location>
(from the dates, account, and map in
<collectingMunicipality id="C43F4273FFBF5E1BFB255B6D7031FA94" box="[1242,1295,1280,1303]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ross</collectingMunicipality>
: probably the
<collectingCounty id="CD3AA085FFBF5E1BFF385B7374BFFAB4" box="[199,385,1310,1335]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Boothia Peninsula</collectingCounty>
isthmus,
<collectingRegion id="E62016EBFFBF5E1BFE1D5B727702FAB5" box="[482,572,1311,1334]" country="Canada" name="Nunavut" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Nunavut</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FFBF5E1BFDB95B7377A9FAB4" box="[582,663,1310,1335]" name="Canada" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Canada</collectingCountry>
).
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFFBF5E1BFD585B72762CFAB4" box="[679,786,1311,1335]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="lectotype">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBF5E1BFD585B72762CFAB4" bold="true" box="[679,786,1311,1335]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Lectotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
queen (#3856) by present designation, NHMUK examined PW, no locality label. Notes 3, 4.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FFBF5E1BFF685B3176D6FAF7" blockId="27.[151,1437,1156,1764]" box="[151,1000,1371,1396]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
[
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBF5E1BFF5F5B30744AFAF2" box="[160,372,1373,1396]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBF5E1BFF5F5B3075D5FAF2" ID-CoL="62H8K" authorityName="Helleri von Dalla Torre" authorityYear="1882" box="[160,235,1373,1396]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">BOMBUS</taxonomicName>
DERHAMELLUS
</emphasis>
Kirby;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBF5E1BFE3D5B367758FAF7" author="Kirby" box="[450,614,1371,1396]" firstAuthor="Kirby" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 325" refId="ref45062" refString="Kirby, W. (1837) Part 4. The insects. In: Richardson, J. (Ed.), Fauna boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late Northern Land expeditions, under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R. N.. Fletcher, Norwich, pp. i-xxxix + 1 - 325." type="book chapter" year="1837">Kirby 1837:273</bibRefCitation>
, misidentification (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBF5E1BFCD65B3676E6FAF7" author="Frison" box="[809,984,1371,1396]" firstAuthor="Frison" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="307 - 326" refId="ref43164" refString="Frison, T. H. (1923) Systematic and biological notes on bumblebees (Bremidae; Hymenoptera). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 48, 307 - 326." type="journal article" year="1923">Frison 1923:317</bibRefCitation>
).]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FFBF5E1BFF685B167772FA53" blockId="27.[151,1437,1156,1764]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBF5E1BFF685B167441FA13" ID-CoL="MFKB" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1854" box="[151,383,1403,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="groenlandicus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBF5E1BFF685B167441FA13" box="[151,383,1403,1426]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">BOMBUS GROENLANDICUS</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBF5E1BFE6A5B16771BFA10" ID-CoL="MFKB" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1854" box="[405,549,1403,1427]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="groenlandicus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBF5E1BFE6A5B16771BFA10" box="[405,549,1403,1427]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">groenlandicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBF5E1BFDC45B1777D9FA10" author="Smith" box="[571,743,1402,1427]" firstAuthor="Smith" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref49739" refString="Smith, F. (1854) Catalogue of hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part II. Apidae. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 197 pp." type="book" year="1854">Smith 1854:393</bibRefCitation>
, type-locality citation ‘Greenland’.
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFFBF5E1BFB905B1771F3FA10" box="[1135,1229,1402,1427]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
queen (#4740) by monotypy, NHMUK examined PW, ‘W. Greenl’ (
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FFBF5E1BFD415BF57612FA32" box="[702,812,1432,1457]" name="Greenland" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Greenland</collectingCountry>
, label added by Smith?). Synonymised with
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBF5E1BFB0C5BF4743CFA53" ID-CoL="5WNP8" authority="Kirby" authorityName="Kirby in Sabine" authorityYear="1824" baseAuthorityName="Quensel" baseAuthorityYear="1802" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBF5E1BFB0C5BF470A3FA32" box="[1267,1437,1433,1457]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Bombus arcticus</emphasis>
Kirby
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBF5E1BFED75BDA74C6FA53" author="Franklin" box="[296,504,1463,1488]" firstAuthor="Franklin" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="177 - 486" refId="ref42739" refString="Franklin, H. J. (1913) The Bombidae of the New World. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 38, 177 - 486. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 122585" type="journal article" year="1913">Franklin (1913:302)</bibRefCitation>
. Note 5.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FFBF5E1BFF685BBA7740F9C8" blockId="27.[151,1437,1156,1764]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBF5E1BFF685BBA7725FA6C" ID-CoL="62H8K" authority="Kincaidii Cockerell 1898: 324" authorityName="Kincaidii Cockerell" authorityPageNumber="324" authorityYear="1898" box="[151,539,1494,1519]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBF5E1BFF685BBA7472FA6C" box="[151,332,1495,1519]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Bombus Kincaidii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBF5E1BFEAD5BBB7725FA6C" author="Cockerell" box="[338,539,1494,1519]" firstAuthor="Cockerell" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="321 - 331" refId="ref41674" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1898) XXXVII. - New North-American insects. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 2 (10), 321 - 331. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939808678050" type="journal article" year="1898">Cockerell 1898:324</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, type-locality citation ‘Pribilof Islands St Paul’ (
<collectingRegion id="E62016EBFFBF5E1BFC005BBB7177FA6C" box="[1023,1097,1494,1519]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Alaska</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FFBF5E1BFBAC5BBA71B4FA6C" box="[1107,1162,1495,1519]" name="United States of America" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">USA</collectingCountry>
).
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFFBF5E1BFB655BBA703BFA6C" box="[1178,1285,1495,1519]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="lectotype">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBF5E1BFB655BBA703BFA6C" bold="true" box="[1178,1285,1495,1519]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Lectotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
queen (#4407) by present designation, NMNH examined PW, ‘Pribilof Is / St Paul’ (
<collectingRegion id="E62016EBFFBF5E1BFC745B9976EBF98E" box="[907,981,1524,1549]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Alaska</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FFBF5E1BFC1F5B987129F98E" box="[992,1047,1525,1549]" name="United States of America" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">USA</collectingCountry>
). Note 6. Considered likely to be conspecific with
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBF5E1BFEAD58797707F9AF" ID-CoL="MFSJ" authority="Curtis" authorityName="Curtis" box="[338,569,1555,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polaris">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBF5E1BFEAD587974CAF9AF" box="[338,500,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Bombus polaris</emphasis>
Curtis
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBF5E1BFD9D587E761CF9AF" author="Franklin" box="[610,802,1555,1580]" firstAuthor="Franklin" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="177 - 486" refId="ref42739" refString="Franklin, H. J. (1913) The Bombidae of the New World. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 38, 177 - 486. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 122585" type="journal article" year="1913">Franklin 1913:296</bibRefCitation>
; synonymised with
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBF5E1BFC0F58797021F9AF" authority="(Curtis)" authorityName="Curtis" baseAuthorityName="Curtis" box="[1008,1311,1555,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Megabombus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polaris">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBF5E1BFC0F587971F7F9AF" box="[1008,1225,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Megabombus polaris</emphasis>
(Curtis)
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBF5E1BFAB7587E7410F9C8" author="Milliron" firstAuthor="Milliron" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="81 - 237" refId="ref46901" refString="Milliron, H. E. (1973) A monograph of the western hemisphere bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae; Bombinae). II. The genus Megabombus subgenus Megabombus. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 89, 81 - 237. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 10589 fv" type="journal article" year="1973">Milliron (1973:99)</bibRefCitation>
; confirmed from
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFFBF5E1BFE20585F7778F9C8" box="[479,582,1586,1611]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="lectotype">lectotypes</typeStatus>
here.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FFBF5E1BFF68583F74F2F924" blockId="27.[151,1437,1156,1764]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBF5E1BFF68583F774CF9EA" ID-CoL="5G28Z" authority="Frison 1926: 139" authorityName="Frison" authorityPageNumber="139" authorityYear="1926" box="[151,626,1616,1641]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bremus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="pleuralis" variety="clarus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBF5E1BFF68583F7478F9EA" box="[151,326,1617,1641]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Bremus pleuralis</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="948CD254FFBF5E1BFEB0583F774CF9EA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2273437265" box="[335,626,1616,1641]" collectionCode="INHS, PW" country="United States of America" location="Tam Cod Hill" municipality="Alaska'" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
var.
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBF5E1BFE80583C7480F9EA" box="[383,446,1617,1641]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">clarus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBF5E1BFE38583D774CF9EA" author="Frison" box="[455,626,1616,1641]" firstAuthor="Frison" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="129 - 145" refId="ref43198" refString="Frison, T. H. (1926) Descriptions and records of North American Bremidae, together with notes on the synonymy of certain species (Hymenoptera). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 52 129 - 145." type="journal article" year="1926">Frison 1926:139</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, type-locality citation ‘
<location id="213B8ED2FFBF5E1BFC9F583C76C6F9EA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC4D691FFFBF5E1EFF685A707683FAD4:213B8ED2FFBF5E1BFC9F583C76C6F9EA" box="[864,1016,1616,1641]" country="United States of America" municipality="Alaska'" name="Tam Cod Hill" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Tam Cod Hill</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="C43F4273FFBF5E1BFBFC583D716EF9EA" box="[1027,1104,1616,1641]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Alaska’</collectingMunicipality>
(
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FFBF5E1BFB9F583C71A6F9EA" box="[1120,1176,1617,1641]" name="United States of America" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">USA</collectingCountry>
).
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFFBF5E1BFB54583D7037F9EA" box="[1195,1289,1616,1641]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male (#5010) by original designation, INHS examined PW. Synonymisation with
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBF5E1BFC79581D7150F90B" ID-CoL="MFSJ" authority="Curtis" authorityName="Curtis" box="[902,1134,1647,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polaris">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBF5E1BFC79581D7116F90B" box="[902,1064,1648,1672]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Bombus polaris</emphasis>
Curtis
</taxonomicName>
suggested by
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBF5E1BFAFC5802741FF924" author="Williams, P. H. &amp; Cannings, S. G. &amp; Sheffield, C. S." journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 13" part="50" refId="ref51452" refString="Williams, P. H., Cannings, S. G. &amp; Sheffield, C. S. (2016) Cryptic subarctic diversity: a new bumblebee species from the Yukon and Alaska (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Journal of Natural History, 50, 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2016.1214294" title="Cryptic subarctic diversity: a new bumblebee species from the Yukon and Alaska (Hymenoptera, Apidae)" type="journal article" year="2016">
Williams
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBF5E1BFA97581C70A8F90B" box="[1384,1430,1648,1672]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al</emphasis>
. (2016:2)
</bibRefCitation>
, confirmed here.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FFBF5E1BFF6858C376E8F946" blockId="27.[151,1437,1156,1764]" box="[151,982,1708,1733]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
[&lt;
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBF5E1BFF5158C074ACF946" authority="Skorikov 1937" authorityName="Skorikov" authorityYear="1937" box="[174,402,1709,1733]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Alpinibombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBF5E1BFF5158C074ACF946" box="[174,402,1709,1733]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Alpinibombus arcticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&gt; mod.
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBF5E1BFE1F58C07762F946" box="[480,604,1709,1733]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">natvigioides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBF5E1BFD9D58C17625F946" author="Skorikov" box="[610,795,1708,1733]" firstAuthor="Skorikov" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="37 - 64" refId="ref49648" refString="Skorikov, A. S. (1937) Die gronlandischen Hummeln im Aspekte der Zirkumpolarfauna. Entomologiske Meddelelser, 20, 37 - 64." type="journal article" year="1937">Skorikov 1937:56</bibRefCitation>
, infrasubspecific.]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FFBF5E1EFF6858A1763FFC00" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="description">
<paragraph id="245BD809FFBF5E1BFF6858A1713BF967" blockId="27.[151,1437,1156,1764]" box="[151,1029,1739,1764]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
[
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBF5E1BFF5F58A174BBF967" box="[160,389,1740,1764]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Alpinibombus kincaidi</emphasis>
(Cockerell);
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBF5E1BFDF458A677FAF967" author="Skorikov" box="[523,708,1739,1764]" firstAuthor="Skorikov" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="37 - 64" refId="ref49648" refString="Skorikov, A. S. (1937) Die gronlandischen Hummeln im Aspekte der Zirkumpolarfauna. Entomologiske Meddelelser, 20, 37 - 64." type="journal article" year="1937">Skorikov 1937:58</bibRefCitation>
, incorrect subsequent spelling.]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FFBF5E1BFF685960771BF8C8" blockId="27.[151,1436,1805,2011]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
Note 1 (
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBF5E1BFF0B59637473F8A4" box="[244,333,1806,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Alpinibombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBF5E1BFF0B59637473F8A4" box="[244,333,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">arcticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). That more than one
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFFBF5E1BFDB7596077A1F8A4" box="[584,671,1805,1831]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
was seen by Kirby is indicated by the description of both sexes and by a broad region of type localities.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FFBF5E1CFF38593870A8FDE0" blockId="27.[151,1436,1805,2011]" lastBlockId="28.[151,1437,152,2015]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
The NHMUK collection contains a queen (#3857) that has been regarded as the primary type of this taxon (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBF5E1BFF2C591474A7F810" author="Milliron" box="[211,409,1913,1939]" firstAuthor="Milliron" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="87 - 99" refId="ref46861" refString="Milliron, H. E. (1960) Recognition of bumblebee type specimens, with notes on some dubious names (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 55, 87 - 99." type="journal article" year="1960">Milliron 1960:89</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBF5E1BFE585914775BF810" author="Loken" box="[423,613,1913,1939]" firstAuthor="Loken" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 218" refId="ref45906" refString="Loken, A. (1973) Studies on Scandinavian bumble bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Norsk entomologisk Tidsskrift, 20, 1 - 218." type="journal article" year="1973">Løken 1973:101</bibRefCitation>
; see also
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBF5E1BFD265914769BF810" author="Richards" box="[729,933,1913,1939]" firstAuthor="Richards" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref49035" refString="Richards, O. W. (1931) Some notes on the humble-bees allied to Bombus alpinus, L. TromsO Museums Arshefter, 50, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1931">Richards 1931:11</bibRefCitation>
). However, none of these authors explicitly recognized the description of a
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFFBF5E1BFE0359F0776DF834" box="[508,595,1949,1975]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
series in the original William Kirby publication and then selected a single individual as the
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFFBF5E1BFEA359AC74F8F858" box="[348,454,1985,2011]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, so these uses of the term ‘type’ do not constitute a valid
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFFBF5E1BFBA659AC71FEF858" box="[1113,1216,1985,2011]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
designation (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBF5E1CFAA659AC75EDFF30" author="ICZN" firstAuthor="ICZN" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref44699" refString="ICZN (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, London, XXIX + 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
: Article 74.5). This NHMUK specimen carries the labels: (1) white, ‘
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB85E1CFC1E5EF77164FF30" box="[993,1114,154,179]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Alpinibombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB85E1CFC1E5EF77164FF30" box="[993,1114,154,179]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">B. arcticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ in handwriting that appears to form much more rounded letters than did Kirby (see below); (2) white round, handwritten label ‘40 / 4 – 2 / 628’; (3) white, handwritten ‘
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB85E1CFE5A5E8C74C1FF78" authorityName="Kincaidii Cockerell" authorityYear="1898" box="[421,511,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB85E1CFE5A5E8C74C1FF78" box="[421,511,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Bombus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB85E1CFDE85E8F774EFF78" box="[535,624,226,251]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Alpinibombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB85E1CFDE85E8F774EFF78" box="[535,624,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">arcticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB85E1CFD775E8F762CFF78" box="[648,786,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">TYPE Kirby</emphasis>
.’; (4) red-edged, printed ‘Type’; (5) white, printed ‘B.M. TYPE / HYM. /
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB85E1CFEB35F687486FE9C" box="[332,440,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">17B.1043</emphasis>
.’; (6) red-edged, printed ‘Holo- / type’; (7) green, printed ‘
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB85E1CFBBD5F6871DAFE9C" authorityName="Kruger" authorityYear="1917" box="[1090,1252,261,287]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Alpinobombus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB85E1CFBBD5F6871DAFE9C" box="[1090,1252,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Alpinobombus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ AL# 3857. det. PHW’. The NHMUK accession number on the second label refers in the NHMUK accessions register to a purchase ‘Bought at Mr Children’s sale’ in 1840. This is presumably a reference to John Children, who became Keeper of Zoology at the British Museum, retiring in 1840. It is possible that Children may have acquired the specimen from Kirby through his association with the BM, so that this specimen could be a
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFFB85E1CFC1C5FF87100FE2C" box="[995,1086,405,431]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
.
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFB85E1CFBB75FF87019FE2C" author="Milliron" box="[1096,1319,405,431]" firstAuthor="Milliron" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="81 - 237" refId="ref46901" refString="Milliron, H. E. (1973) A monograph of the western hemisphere bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae; Bombinae). II. The genus Megabombus subgenus Megabombus. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 89, 81 - 237. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 10589 fv" type="journal article" year="1973">Milliron (1973:100)</bibRefCitation>
suggested that the specimen was labelled as type by Frederick Smith. However, this NHMUK specimen does not agree with the original Kirby description in that: (1) the hair of metasomal T4‒6 is not entirely black but has a lot of brownish grey hair; (2) it does not have ‘Some black hairs at the base of the last yellow segment of this part of the body’ (for this specimen the last yellow segment is metasomal T2); and (3) its body length (
<quantity id="E31C75ECFFB85E1CFBEF5C48715EFDBC" box="[1040,1120,549,575]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
) is substantially shorter than the description of 11 lines (
<quantity id="E31C75ECFFB85E1CFE375C247722FDE0" box="[456,540,585,611]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="23.0">23 mm</quantity>
). While this specimen may be a
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFFB85E1CFC795C2476DEFDE0" box="[902,992,585,611]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
, at present its status remains uncertain.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FFB85E1CFF385C00715CFBFC" blockId="28.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
In contrast, the NHMUK collection contains another female specimen (#285) that agrees more closely with the original description in having the hair of metasomal T4‒6 black. It agrees particularly closely in having ‘Some black hairs at the base of the last yellow segment of this part of the body’ (for this specimen, metasomal T3) and in its large body length, which matches the description of 11 lines (
<quantity id="E31C75ECFFB85E1CFCE65CB47651FD70" box="[793,879,729,755]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="23.0">23 mm</quantity>
). This specimen has labels: (1) white, ‘
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB85E1CFACE5CB474C5FC94" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB85E1CFACE5CB470B5FD70" authorityName="Kincaidii Cockerell" authorityYear="1898" box="[1329,1419,729,755]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bombus</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB85E1CFF685C9375CEFC94" box="[151,240,766,791]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Alpinibombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticus">arcticus</taxonomicName>
K / Melvilles I. / Sabine
</emphasis>
’ in handwriting closely similar to examples of Kirby’s handwriting in the NHMUK Kirby collection (Edward Sabine held the rank of Astronomer on HMS Hecla of William Parry’s expedition to seek the Northwest Passage and was the author of the sections in the account on mammals, birds, fish, and insects); (2) green, printed ‘
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB85E1CFEC25D0474D7FC00" authorityName="Kruger" authorityYear="1917" box="[317,489,873,899]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Alpinobombus">Alpinobombus</taxonomicName>
/ AL# 285. det. PHW’; (3) red, printed ‘
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFFB85E1CFC595D047175FC00" box="[934,1099,873,899]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
[female] /
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB85E1CFB3A5D047021FC00" authorityName="Kincaidii Cockerell" authorityYear="1898" box="[1221,1311,873,899]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB85E1CFB3A5D047021FC00" box="[1221,1311,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Bombus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB85E1CFACA5D0770B0FC00" box="[1333,1422,874,899]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Alpinibombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB85E1CFACA5D0770B0FC00" box="[1333,1422,874,899]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">arcticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ Kirby, 1824 / det.
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FFB85E1CFEA05DE074BDFC24" box="[351,387,909,935]" name="Philippines" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">PH</collectingCountry>
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFB85E1CFE775DE0770AFC24" author="Williams" box="[392,564,909,935]" firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref51722" refString="Williams, P. H., Thorp, R. W., Richardson, L. L. &amp; Colla, S. R. (2014) Bumble bees of North America. An identification guide. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 208 pp." type="book" year="2014">Williams 2014</bibRefCitation>
’; (4) white, printed ‘[female]
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB85E1CFC875DE076ECFC24" authorityName="Kincaidii Cockerell" authorityYear="1898" box="[888,978,909,935]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB85E1CFC875DE076ECFC24" box="[888,978,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Bombus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ (
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB85E1CFC105DE071AFFC24" authorityName="Kruger" authorityYear="1917" box="[1007,1169,909,935]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Alpinobombus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB85E1CFC105DE071AFFC24" box="[1007,1169,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Alpinobombus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) /
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB85E1CFB515DE071C3FC24" box="[1198,1277,909,935]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polaris">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB85E1CFB515DE071C3FC24" box="[1198,1277,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">polaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ det.
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FFB85E1CFABE5DE0705BFC24" box="[1345,1381,909,935]" name="Philippines" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">PH</collectingCountry>
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFB85E1CFA955DE07425FC48" author="Williams" firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref51722" refString="Williams, P. H., Thorp, R. W., Richardson, L. L. &amp; Colla, S. R. (2014) Bumble bees of North America. An identification guide. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 208 pp." type="book" year="2014">Williams 2014</bibRefCitation>
’. This specimen is regarded here as one of Kirby’s
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFFB85E1CFCA95DDC7686FC48" box="[854,952,945,971]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
because it matches the original description in individual detail and carries a Melville Island label in what appears to be early nineteenth century handwriting, closely similar to that of Kirby, along with the name of Sabine, who was part of the Parry expedition. The specimen has been damaged by physical compression, by
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB85E1CFD4F5A70761CFBB4" authorityName="Geoffroy" authorityYear="1762" box="[688,802,1053,1079]" class="Insecta" family="Dermestidae" genus="Anthrenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB85E1CFD4F5A70761CFBB4" box="[688,802,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Anthrenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
attack, has droplets of glue especially on its head, and is now mounted on a strip of board. It is designated here as
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFFB85E1CFCEA5A2C7642FBD8" box="[789,892,1089,1115]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
in order to reduce uncertainty in the identity and application of the name, which is interpreted as remaining applied to the same species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FFB85E1CFF385AE475E0FB68" blockId="28.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
Note 2 (
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB85E1CFEDC5AE77442FB20" box="[291,380,1162,1187]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Alpinibombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB85E1CFEDC5AE77442FB20" box="[291,380,1162,1187]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">arcticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The glossary of the
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFB85E1CFD8E5AE4760DFB20" author="ICZN" box="[625,819,1161,1187]" firstAuthor="ICZN" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref44699" refString="ICZN (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, London, XXIX + 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN (1999:111)</bibRefCitation>
states that
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB85E1CFC4F5AE77172FB20" box="[944,1100,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">nomina oblita</emphasis>
(e.g.
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB85E1CFB735AE475F7FB4B" authority="(Quensel))" authorityName="Kirby in Sabine" authorityYear="1824" baseAuthorityName="Quensel" baseAuthorityYear="1802" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB85E1CFB735AE47078FB20" box="[1164,1350,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Bombus arcticus</emphasis>
(Quensel))
</taxonomicName>
remain available names. Therefore
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB85E1CFDA95AC076BAFB4B" authority="(Quensel)" authorityName="Kirby in Sabine" authorityYear="1824" baseAuthorityName="Quensel" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[598,900,1197,1224]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB85E1CFDA95AC07631FB44" box="[598,783,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Bombus arcticus</emphasis>
(Quensel)
</taxonomicName>
remains a senior homonym for
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB85E1CFB1C5AC075E0FB68" authority="Kirby." authorityName="Kirby in Sabine" authorityYear="1824" baseAuthorityName="Quensel" baseAuthorityYear="1802" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB85E1CFB1C5AC070A2FB44" box="[1251,1436,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Bombus arcticus</emphasis>
Kirby.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FFB85E1CFF385A987033F9AC" blockId="28.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
Note 3 (
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB85E1CFEDA5A98744AFA8C" box="[293,372,1269,1295]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polaris">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB85E1CFEDA5A98744AFA8C" box="[293,372,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">polaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Only a pair of male and female
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFFB85E1CFD055A987662FA8C" box="[762,860,1269,1295]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
were described by John Curtis. The NHMUK collection contains a queen that has been regarded as the primary type of this taxon (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFB85E1CFB7E5B747079FAB0" author="Milliron" box="[1153,1351,1304,1331]" firstAuthor="Milliron" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="87 - 99" refId="ref46861" refString="Milliron, H. E. (1960) Recognition of bumblebee type specimens, with notes on some dubious names (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 55, 87 - 99." type="journal article" year="1960">Milliron 1960:95</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFB85E1CFAAA5B74743BFAD4" author="Loken" firstAuthor="Loken" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 218" refId="ref45906" refString="Loken, A. (1973) Studies on Scandinavian bumble bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Norsk entomologisk Tidsskrift, 20, 1 - 218." type="journal article" year="1973">Løken 1973:101</bibRefCitation>
). It agrees with the original description (with extensive orange-yellow hair on metasomal T3‒5) and car- ries the labels: (1) white, handwritten ‘
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB85E1CFDB95B0C7125FAF8" box="[582,1051,1377,1403]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB85E1CFDB95B0C779EFAF8" authorityName="Kincaidii Cockerell" authorityYear="1898" box="[582,672,1377,1403]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bombus</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB85E1CFD4B5B0C7639FAF8" box="[692,775,1377,1403]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polaris">polaris</taxonomicName>
. Curt. Type. from Curtis.
</emphasis>
’; (2) white, part handwritten ‘type F. Sm. Coll. / 79.22’; (3) printed white with a red border ‘Type’; (4) white, printed ‘B.M. TYPE / HYM. / 17.B.1054’; (5) printed white with a red border ‘Holo / type’; (6) green, printed ‘
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB85E1CFC4E5BC4716DFA40" authorityName="Kruger" authorityYear="1917" box="[945,1107,1449,1475]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Alpinobombus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB85E1CFC4E5BC4716DFA40" box="[945,1107,1449,1475]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Alpinobombus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ AL# 3856. det. PHW’; (7) red, printed ‘
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFFB85E1CFEDB5BA074F7FA64" box="[292,457,1485,1511]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
[female] /
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB85E1CFDB95BA0779EFA64" authorityName="Kincaidii Cockerell" authorityYear="1898" box="[582,672,1485,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB85E1CFDB95BA0779EFA64" box="[582,672,1485,1511]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Bombus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB85E1CFD485BA07638FA64" box="[695,774,1485,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polaris">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB85E1CFD485BA07638FA64" box="[695,774,1485,1511]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">polaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFB85E1CFCE25BA07696FA64" author="Curtis" box="[797,936,1484,1511]" firstAuthor="Curtis" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref41860" refString="Curtis, J. (1835) Insects. Descriptions, etc. of the insects brought home by Commander James Clark Ross, R. N., F. R. S. &amp; c. In: J. Ross, Appendix to the narrative of a second voyage in search of a North-West Passage, and of a residence in the arctic regions during the years 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832, 1833, Baudry, London, pp. lix-lxxx." type="journal volume" year="1835">Curtis, 1835</bibRefCitation>
/ det.
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FFB85E1CFC0F5BA0712AFA64" box="[1008,1044,1485,1511]" name="Philippines" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">PH</collectingCountry>
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFB85E1CFBE55BA071F9FA64" author="Williams" box="[1050,1223,1485,1511]" firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref51722" refString="Williams, P. H., Thorp, R. W., Richardson, L. L. &amp; Colla, S. R. (2014) Bumble bees of North America. An identification guide. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 208 pp." type="book" year="2014">Williams 2014</bibRefCitation>
’; (8) white, printed ‘[female]
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB85E1CFEF95B9C745EF988" authorityName="Kincaidii Cockerell" authorityYear="1898" box="[262,352,1521,1547]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB85E1CFEF95B9C745EF988" box="[262,352,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Bombus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ (
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB85E1CFE805B9C771FF988" authorityName="Kruger" authorityYear="1917" box="[383,545,1521,1547]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Alpinobombus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB85E1CFE805B9C771FF988" box="[383,545,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Alpinobombus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) /
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB85E1CFDBF5B9C77B1F988" box="[576,655,1521,1547]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polaris">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB85E1CFDBF5B9C77B1F988" box="[576,655,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">polaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ det.
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FFB85E1CFD2A5B9C77C7F988" box="[725,761,1521,1547]" name="Philippines" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">PH</collectingCountry>
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFB85E1CFD005B9C7692F988" author="Williams" box="[767,940,1521,1547]" firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref51722" refString="Williams, P. H., Thorp, R. W., Richardson, L. L. &amp; Colla, S. R. (2014) Bumble bees of North America. An identification guide. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 208 pp." type="book" year="2014">Williams 2014</bibRefCitation>
’. The specimen lacks only the antennae. It is designated here as
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFFB85E1CFE94587874ECF9AC" box="[363,466,1557,1583]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
in order to reduce uncertainty in the identity and application of the name.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FFB85E1CFF3858547404F918" blockId="28.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
Note 4 (
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB85E1CFEDC5854744CF9D0" box="[291,370,1593,1619]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polaris">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB85E1CFEDC5854744CF9D0" box="[291,370,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">polaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Because
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB85E1CFE11585477CEF9D0" authority="Kirby" authorityName="Kirby in Sabine" authorityYear="1824" baseAuthorityName="Quensel" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[494,752,1593,1619]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB85E1CFE1158547796F9D0" box="[494,680,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Bombus arcticus</emphasis>
Kirby
</taxonomicName>
is a junior homonym (see note 2 above), it cannot be used as the valid name for this species (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFB85E1CFE0758307740F9F4" author="ICZN" box="[504,638,1629,1655]" firstAuthor="ICZN" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref44699" refString="ICZN (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, London, XXIX + 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
: Article 52.2), which must take the next oldest available name,
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB85E1CFABD58307404F918" authority="Curtis." authorityName="Curtis." class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polaris">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB85E1CFABD583075D8F918" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Bombus polaris</emphasis>
Curtis.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FFB85E1CFF3858C871A9F8CC" blockId="28.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
Note 5 (
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB85E1CFED758C874F9F93C" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1854" box="[296,455,1701,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="groenlandicus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB85E1CFED758C874F9F93C" box="[296,455,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">groenlandicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Smith’s description of
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB85E1CFD1858C876D4F93C" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1854" box="[743,1002,1701,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="groenlandicus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB85E1CFD1858C876D4F93C" box="[743,1002,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Bombus groenlandicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
states: ‘Abdomen, the two basal segments covered with long yellow pubescence, the apical ones with black’. The specimen in the NHMUK collection labelled as the
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFFB85E1CFEBE5880749DF884" box="[321,419,1773,1799]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(#4740) has dull orange hair intermixed posteriorly on metasomal tergum 4 and more extensively on tergum 5, although the orange is less obvious than on some specimens. This discrepancy with Smith’s description is not pursued here because it is unlikely to affect the valid name of the species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FFB85E1EFF3859347106FE50" blockId="28.[151,1437,152,2015]" lastBlockId="30.[151,1437,152,1368]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
Note 6 (
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB85E1CFED7593474B4F8F0" box="[296,394,1881,1907]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">kincaidii</emphasis>
). Cockerell listed 4 queens,
<specimenCount id="32E21380FFB85E1CFD2959347601F8F0" box="[726,831,1881,1907]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="worker">1 worker</specimenCount>
, and
<specimenCount id="32E21380FFB85E1CFC81593476E9F8F0" box="[894,983,1881,1907]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
as
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFFB85E1CFBFD5934715AF8F0" box="[1026,1124,1881,1907]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
in the original description, without specifying a
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFFB85E1CFE79591074D2F814" box="[390,492,1917,1943]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. The NMNH collection contains a queen (#4407) that has been regarded as the primary type of this taxon (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFB85E1CFE2259CC778FF838" author="Franklin" box="[477,689,1952,1979]" firstAuthor="Franklin" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="177 - 486" refId="ref42739" refString="Franklin, H. J. (1913) The Bombidae of the New World. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 38, 177 - 486. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 122585" type="journal article" year="1913">Franklin 1913:295</bibRefCitation>
). However, Franklin did not explicitly select a single individual as the
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFFB85E1CFF3D59A87412F85C" box="[194,300,1989,2015]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, so this use of the term ‘type’ does not constitute a valid
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFFB85E1CFC4359A8711DF85C" box="[956,1059,1989,2015]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
designation (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFB85E1CFB4359A8707AF85C" author="ICZN" box="[1212,1348,1989,2015]" firstAuthor="ICZN" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref44699" refString="ICZN (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, London, XXIX + 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
: Article 74.5). The NMNH queen that has been regarded as the primary type of this taxon (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBA5E1EFBC65EF47032FF30" author="Franklin" box="[1081,1292,152,179]" firstAuthor="Franklin" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="177 - 486" refId="ref42739" refString="Franklin, H. J. (1913) The Bombidae of the New World. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 38, 177 - 486. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 122585" type="journal article" year="1913">Franklin 1913:295</bibRefCitation>
) agrees with the original description (with extensive yellow hair on metasomal T1‒3, black hair on T4‒6) and carries the labels: (1) white, handwritten in black ink ‘Pribilof Is / St Paul’; (2) white, handwritten in pencil ‘
<date id="505AFEC9FFBA5E1EFB825E8C71E4FF78" box="[1149,1242,225,251]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1997-01-08">8 1 / 97</date>
’; (3) white, handwritten in pencil ‘Lathyrus’; (4) white, handwritten in black ink ‘
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBA5E1EFC865F6876E5FE9C" authorityName="Kincaidii Cockerell" authorityYear="1898" box="[889,987,261,287]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bombus</taxonomicName>
/ Kincaidii / Ckll TYPE.’; (5) red, part printed ‘Type / No. 5179 /
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FFBA5E1EFE3B5F4474C8FEC0" box="[452,502,297,323]" name="United States of America" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">U.S.</collectingCountry>
N.M.’; (6) yellow, printed ‘USNM ENT / 00534360 / [barcode]’; (7) green, printed ‘
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBA5E1EFF5E5F20747DFEE4" authorityName="Kruger" authorityYear="1917" box="[161,323,333,359]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Alpinobombus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFF5E5F20747DFEE4" box="[161,323,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Alpinobombus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ AL# 4407. det. PHW’; (8) red, printed ‘
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFFBA5E1EFCE65F207680FEE4" box="[793,958,333,359]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
[female] /
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBA5E1EFBC25F2071A9FEE4" authorityName="Kincaidii Cockerell" authorityYear="1898" box="[1085,1175,333,359]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFBC25F2071A9FEE4" box="[1085,1175,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Bombus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFB505F20702FFEE4" box="[1199,1297,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">kincaidii</emphasis>
/
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBA5E1EFAD75F2075F1FE08" author="Cockerell" firstAuthor="Cockerell" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="321 - 331" refId="ref41674" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1898) XXXVII. - New North-American insects. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 2 (10), 321 - 331. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939808678050" type="journal article" year="1898">Cockerell, 1898</bibRefCitation>
/ det.
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FFBA5E1EFEE95F1C7404FE08" box="[278,314,369,395]" name="Philippines" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">PH</collectingCountry>
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBA5E1EFEBE5F1C74D0FE08" author="Williams" box="[321,494,369,395]" firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refId="ref51722" refString="Williams, P. H., Thorp, R. W., Richardson, L. L. &amp; Colla, S. R. (2014) Bumble bees of North America. An identification guide. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 208 pp." type="book" year="2014">Williams 2014</bibRefCitation>
’; (9) white, printed ‘[female]
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBA5E1EFCC55F1C76AAFE08" authorityName="Kincaidii Cockerell" authorityYear="1898" box="[826,916,369,395]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFCC55F1C76AAFE08" box="[826,916,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Bombus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ (
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBA5E1EFC4B5F1C7168FE08" authorityName="Kruger" authorityYear="1917" box="[948,1110,369,395]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Alpinobombus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFC4B5F1C7168FE08" box="[948,1110,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Alpinobombus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) /
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBA5E1EFB8A5F1C71FAFE08" box="[1141,1220,369,395]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polaris">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFB8A5F1C71FAFE08" box="[1141,1220,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">polaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ det.
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FFBA5E1EFAF35F1C700EFE08" box="[1292,1328,369,395]" name="Philippines" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">PH</collectingCountry>
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBA5E1EFAC85F1C75E9FE2C" author="Williams" firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refId="ref51722" refString="Williams, P. H., Thorp, R. W., Richardson, L. L. &amp; Colla, S. R. (2014) Bumble bees of North America. An identification guide. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 208 pp." type="book" year="2014">Williams 2014</bibRefCitation>
’. The specimen lacks the right antennal flagellum and part of the right hind tarsus. It is designated here as
<typeStatus id="FB5F66ABFFBA5E1EFF685FD475C0FE50" box="[151,254,441,467]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
in order to reduce uncertainty in the identity and application of the name.
</paragraph>
<caption id="709B8881FFB95E1DFF68594D748FF86E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268199/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" startId="29.[151,264,1824,1849]" targetBox="[267,1352,172,1759]" targetPageId="29">
<paragraph id="245BD809FFB95E1DFF68594D748FF86E" blockId="29.[151,1437,1824,2029]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB95E1DFF68594D746FF8BA" bold="true" box="[151,337,1824,1849]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">FIGURES 39‒58</emphasis>
. 39:
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFB95E1DFE74594C7711F8BA" box="[395,559,1825,1849]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polaris">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB95E1DFE74594C7711F8BA" box="[395,559,1825,1849]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Bombus polaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 40
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB95E1DFC33594C76E7F8BA" bold="true" box="[972,985,1825,1849]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">‒</emphasis>
58 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16
<emphasis id="1690041BFFB95E1DFABB594C706FF8BA" bold="true" box="[1348,1361,1825,1849]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">‒</emphasis>
21): 40 (#4380) Canada-Labrador; 41 (#4396) USA-Alaska; 42 (#3856) Canada-Nunavut; 43 (#59) USA-Alaska; 44 (#43) Denmark- Greenland; 45 (#4740) Denmark-Greenland; 46 (#4407) USA-Alaska; 47 (#334) USA-Alaska; 48 (#285) Canada-Nunavut; 49 (#4383) USA-Alaska; 50 (#44) Denmark-Greenland; 51 (#19) Canada-Northwest Territories; 52 (#4401) USA-Alaska; 53 (#4403) USA-Alaska; 54 (#4884) Canada-Yukon; 55 (#4405) USA-Alaska; 56 (#4384) USA-Alaska; 57 (#4951) USA-Alaska; 58 (#29) Canada-Manitoba.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="245BD809FFBA5E1EFF385FB071B0FDBC" blockId="30.[151,1437,152,1368]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFF385FB074CFFE74" bold="true" box="[199,497,476,503]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Taxonomy and variation.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBA5E1EFE085FB07798FE74" box="[503,678,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polaris">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFE085FB07798FE74" box="[503,678,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Bombus polaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has long been considered to include
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBA5E1EFBC35FB371D9FE74" authorityName="Friese. An" authorityYear="1902" box="[1084,1255,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyrrhopygus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFBC35FB371D9FE74" box="[1084,1255,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">B. pyrrhopygus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but has recently been recognized as separate based on evidence of a species coalescent in the COI gene (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBA5E1EFB865C6C705DFD98" author="Williams" box="[1145,1379,512,539]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref51372" refString="Williams, P. H., Byvaltsev, A. M., Cederberg, B., Berezin, M. V., Odegaard, F., Rasmussen, C., et al. (2015) Genes suggest ancestral colour polymorphisms are shared across morphologically cryptic species in arctic bumblebees. PLoS ONE, 10, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0144544" type="journal article" year="2015">
Williams
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFB175C6F701FFD98" box="[1256,1313,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFFBA5E1EFA8F5C6C7599FDBC" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1663,1688]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,563,1642]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,561,1644]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. Estimate of the metric gene tree for the 54 longest unique COI-barcode alleles of the subgenus Alpinobombus from MrBayes combined with the Bayesian Poisson-tree-process (PTP) solution with the highest support with spots showing the nodes with the strongest support as coalescents for candidate species (outgroup B. ignitus not shown). Values above the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities showing branch support for groups; values below the nodes are PTP Bayesian support values that all daughter alleles are parts of a single species (probabilities within candidate species are all ≤ 0.44). The scale bar is calibrated in substitutions per nucleotide site. Each unique allele is represented by one of the longest available sample sequences, labelled with: the sequence length in number of nucleotides, a taxon name or name describing an unpublished colour pattern, and then a code that consists of a specimen identifier (AL#n) from the project database and (after the hyphen) a sample identifier from BOLD or GenBank, followed with its geographic origin (for simplicity Greenland is included without Denmark)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268187/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBA5E1EFF425C487453FDBC" box="[189,365,549,575]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polaris">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFF425C487453FDBC" box="[189,365,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Bombus polaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is vicariant with
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBA5E1EFDD05C4B77E2FDBC" authorityName="Friese. An" authorityYear="1902" box="[559,732,549,575]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyrrhopygus">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFDD05C4B77E2FDBC" box="[559,732,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">B. pyrrhopygus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
across the Bering Strait (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFFBA5E1EFC075C487168FDBC" box="[1016,1110,549,575]" captionStart="FIGURES 22‒38" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1765,1790]" captionTargetBox="[158,1409,188,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,181,1745]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 22‒38. 22: Bombus pyrrhopygus global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 23‒38 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 23 (#4707) Russia-Arkhangelsk; 24 (#337) Russia-Arkhangelsk; 25 (#273) Sweden; 26 (#272) Sweden; 27 (#250) Sweden; 28 (#249) Sweden; 29 (#258) Sweden; 30 (#4709) Russia-Murmansk; 31 (#257) Sweden; 32 (#4711) Russia-Arkhangelsk; 33 (#4712) Russia-Arkhangelsk; 34 (#4713) Russia-Arkhangelsk; 35 (#242) Norway; 36 (#139) Sweden; 37 (#4710) Norway; 38 (#1375) Russia-Murmansk." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268197/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figs. 22</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFFBA5E1EFB9E5C4871BFFDBC" box="[1121,1153,549,575]" captionStart="FIGURES 39‒58" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1824,1849]" captionTargetBox="[267,1352,172,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[212,1376,166,1804]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 39‒58. 39: Bombus polaris global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 40‒58 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 40 (#4380) Canada-Labrador; 41 (#4396) USA-Alaska; 42 (#3856) Canada-Nunavut; 43 (#59) USA-Alaska; 44 (#43) Denmark- Greenland; 45 (#4740) Denmark-Greenland; 46 (#4407) USA-Alaska; 47 (#334) USA-Alaska; 48 (#285) Canada-Nunavut; 49 (#4383) USA-Alaska; 50 (#44) Denmark-Greenland; 51 (#19) Canada-Northwest Territories; 52 (#4401) USA-Alaska; 53 (#4403) USA-Alaska; 54 (#4884) Canada-Yukon; 55 (#4405) USA-Alaska; 56 (#4384) USA-Alaska; 57 (#4951) USA-Alaska; 58 (#29) Canada-Manitoba." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268199/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">39</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FFBA5E1EFF385C247426FC94" blockId="30.[151,1437,152,1368]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Variation in the colour pattern has been illustrated and analysed previously (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBA5E1EFBF35C2471CFFDE0" author="Williams" box="[1036,1265,585,611]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refId="ref51722" refString="Williams, P. H., Thorp, R. W., Richardson, L. L. &amp; Colla, S. R. (2014) Bumble bees of North America. An identification guide. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 208 pp." type="book" year="2014">
Williams
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFB865C27718EFDE0" box="[1145,1200,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBA5E1EFB055C2475EAFD04" author="Williams" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref51372" refString="Williams, P. H., Byvaltsev, A. M., Cederberg, B., Berezin, M. V., Odegaard, F., Rasmussen, C., et al. (2015) Genes suggest ancestral colour polymorphisms are shared across morphologically cryptic species in arctic bumblebees. PLoS ONE, 10, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0144544" type="journal article" year="2015">
Williams
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFA995C2770A3FDE0" box="[1382,1437,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
). The ‘unbanded’ colour pattern without (or with much reduced) yellow bands on the thorax and T1‒2 (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFFBA5E1EFA9B5C0075DEFD28" captionStart="FIGURES 39‒58" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1824,1849]" captionTargetBox="[267,1352,172,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[212,1376,166,1804]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 39‒58. 39: Bombus polaris global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 40‒58 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 40 (#4380) Canada-Labrador; 41 (#4396) USA-Alaska; 42 (#3856) Canada-Nunavut; 43 (#59) USA-Alaska; 44 (#43) Denmark- Greenland; 45 (#4740) Denmark-Greenland; 46 (#4407) USA-Alaska; 47 (#334) USA-Alaska; 48 (#285) Canada-Nunavut; 49 (#4383) USA-Alaska; 50 (#44) Denmark-Greenland; 51 (#19) Canada-Northwest Territories; 52 (#4401) USA-Alaska; 53 (#4403) USA-Alaska; 54 (#4884) Canada-Yukon; 55 (#4405) USA-Alaska; 56 (#4384) USA-Alaska; 57 (#4951) USA-Alaska; 58 (#29) Canada-Manitoba." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268199/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figs. 51, 58</figureCitation>
) is rare and known to us only from the
<collectingRegion id="E62016EBFFBA5E1EFD555CFC76A5FD28" box="[682,923,657,683]" country="Canada" name="Northwest Territories" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Northwest Territories</collectingRegion>
(Daring Lake: #19) and
<collectingRegion id="E62016EBFFBA5E1EFB475CFC7026FD28" box="[1208,1304,657,683]" country="Canada" name="Nunavut" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Nunavut</collectingRegion>
(Churchill: #29). Individuals from the Bering Sea islands are especially pale (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFFBA5E1EFC875CD876F5FD4C" box="[888,971,693,719]" captionStart="FIGURES 39‒58" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1824,1849]" captionTargetBox="[267,1352,172,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[212,1376,166,1804]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 39‒58. 39: Bombus polaris global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 40‒58 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 40 (#4380) Canada-Labrador; 41 (#4396) USA-Alaska; 42 (#3856) Canada-Nunavut; 43 (#59) USA-Alaska; 44 (#43) Denmark- Greenland; 45 (#4740) Denmark-Greenland; 46 (#4407) USA-Alaska; 47 (#334) USA-Alaska; 48 (#285) Canada-Nunavut; 49 (#4383) USA-Alaska; 50 (#44) Denmark-Greenland; 51 (#19) Canada-Northwest Territories; 52 (#4401) USA-Alaska; 53 (#4403) USA-Alaska; 54 (#4884) Canada-Yukon; 55 (#4405) USA-Alaska; 56 (#4384) USA-Alaska; 57 (#4951) USA-Alaska; 58 (#29) Canada-Manitoba." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268199/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
). Otherwise the principal variation in this species is in whether T4‒5 are predominantly orange (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFFBA5E1EFCFA5CB47107FD70" box="[773,1081,728,755]" captionStart="FIGURES 39‒58" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1824,1849]" captionTargetBox="[267,1352,172,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[212,1376,166,1804]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 39‒58. 39: Bombus polaris global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 40‒58 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 40 (#4380) Canada-Labrador; 41 (#4396) USA-Alaska; 42 (#3856) Canada-Nunavut; 43 (#59) USA-Alaska; 44 (#43) Denmark- Greenland; 45 (#4740) Denmark-Greenland; 46 (#4407) USA-Alaska; 47 (#334) USA-Alaska; 48 (#285) Canada-Nunavut; 49 (#4383) USA-Alaska; 50 (#44) Denmark-Greenland; 51 (#19) Canada-Northwest Territories; 52 (#4401) USA-Alaska; 53 (#4403) USA-Alaska; 54 (#4884) Canada-Yukon; 55 (#4405) USA-Alaska; 56 (#4384) USA-Alaska; 57 (#4951) USA-Alaska; 58 (#29) Canada-Manitoba." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268199/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figs. 40‒45, 51‒55, 57‒58</figureCitation>
) or predominantly black (
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFFBA5E1EFA9B5CB47435FC94" captionStart="FIGURES 39‒58" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1824,1849]" captionTargetBox="[267,1352,172,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[212,1376,166,1804]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 39‒58. 39: Bombus polaris global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 40‒58 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 40 (#4380) Canada-Labrador; 41 (#4396) USA-Alaska; 42 (#3856) Canada-Nunavut; 43 (#59) USA-Alaska; 44 (#43) Denmark- Greenland; 45 (#4740) Denmark-Greenland; 46 (#4407) USA-Alaska; 47 (#334) USA-Alaska; 48 (#285) Canada-Nunavut; 49 (#4383) USA-Alaska; 50 (#44) Denmark-Greenland; 51 (#19) Canada-Northwest Territories; 52 (#4401) USA-Alaska; 53 (#4403) USA-Alaska; 54 (#4884) Canada-Yukon; 55 (#4405) USA-Alaska; 56 (#4384) USA-Alaska; 57 (#4951) USA-Alaska; 58 (#29) Canada-Manitoba." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268199/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figs. 46‒50, 56</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FFBA5E1EFF385D4C763FFC00" blockId="30.[151,1437,152,1368]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Individuals with both the banded and the unbanded colour patterns and both the ‘orange-tailed’ and ‘blacktailed’ colour patterns share some of the same alleles, although there may be some variation in the relative frequency of the two patterns with latitude (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBA5E1EFDF45D0477CBFC00" author="Williams" box="[523,757,872,899]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref51372" refString="Williams, P. H., Byvaltsev, A. M., Cederberg, B., Berezin, M. V., Odegaard, F., Rasmussen, C., et al. (2015) Genes suggest ancestral colour polymorphisms are shared across morphologically cryptic species in arctic bumblebees. PLoS ONE, 10, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0144544" type="journal article" year="2015">
Williams
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFD865D07778FFC00" box="[633,689,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FFBA5E1EFF385DE176EBFB20" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="245BD809FFBA5E1EFF385DE17438FB90" blockId="30.[151,1437,152,1368]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFF385DE1748DFC24" bold="true" box="[199,435,908,935]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Material examined.</emphasis>
452 queens
<specimenCount id="32E21380FFBA5E1EFDB85DE077EAFC24" box="[583,724,909,935]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="worker">232 workers</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="32E21380FFBA5E1EFD215DE1766CFC24" box="[734,850,908,935]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">152 males</specimenCount>
(plus 54 individuals with sex/caste undetermined), from
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FFBA5E1EFF275DDC742DFC48" box="[216,275,945,971]" name="United States of America" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FFBA5E1EFEDD5DDC7447FC48" box="[290,377,945,971]" name="Canada" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Canada</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FFBA5E1EFE455DDC7711FC48" box="[442,559,945,971]" name="Greenland" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Greenland</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="BCDFC48CFFBA5E1EFDBD5DDC77A4FC48" box="[578,666,945,971]" captionStart="FIGURES 39‒58" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1824,1849]" captionTargetBox="[267,1352,172,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[212,1376,166,1804]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 39‒58. 39: Bombus polaris global distribution (as for Fig. 15). 40‒58 colour patterns (as for Figs. 16‒21): 40 (#4380) Canada-Labrador; 41 (#4396) USA-Alaska; 42 (#3856) Canada-Nunavut; 43 (#59) USA-Alaska; 44 (#43) Denmark- Greenland; 45 (#4740) Denmark-Greenland; 46 (#4407) USA-Alaska; 47 (#334) USA-Alaska; 48 (#285) Canada-Nunavut; 49 (#4383) USA-Alaska; 50 (#44) Denmark-Greenland; 51 (#19) Canada-Northwest Territories; 52 (#4401) USA-Alaska; 53 (#4403) USA-Alaska; 54 (#4884) Canada-Yukon; 55 (#4405) USA-Alaska; 56 (#4384) USA-Alaska; 57 (#4951) USA-Alaska; 58 (#29) Canada-Manitoba." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3268199/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
:
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFFBA5E1EFD585DDC77C3FC48" box="[679,765,945,971]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">AMNH</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFFBA5E1EFCF85DDC7672FC48" box="[775,844,945,971]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/q49p-qw3v" name="USDA, Agriculture Research Service, Pollinating Insects-- Biology, Management and Systematics Research" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Museum">BBSL</collectionCode>
BP
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFFBA5E1EFC7D5DDC7682FC48" box="[898,956,945,971]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">CNC</collectionCode>
CR
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFFBA5E1EFC095DDC717AFC48" box="[1014,1092,945,971]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:1013" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:1013" name="Essig Museum of Entomology" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="University or college">EMEC</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="42F540CCFFBA5E1EFBB05DDC71AEFC48" box="[1103,1168,945,971]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34797" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34797" name="Illinois Natural History Survey" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">INHS</collectionCode>
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PR
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SC
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<collectionCode id="42F540CCFFBA5E1EFC605DB876C8FC6C" box="[927,1014,981,1007]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">WRME</collectionCode>
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), with
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COI barcoded.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFF385A7174C6FBB4" bold="true" box="[199,504,1052,1079]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Habitat and distribution.</emphasis>
Flower-rich arctic/alpine tundra in the New World including
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FFBA5E1EFB425A70700BFBB4" box="[1213,1333,1053,1079]" name="Greenland" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Greenland</collectingCountry>
, north to Ellesmere Island and the north of
<collectingCountry id="5CF39899FFBA5E1EFDEA5A2C77B3FBD8" box="[533,653,1089,1115]" name="Greenland" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Greenland</collectingCountry>
, extending southwards into the subarctic region in the St Paul Islands and Aleutian Islands, and in the alpine zone of the Alaskan and Yukon mountains. Regional distribution maps (
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBA5E1EFA965A087430FB20" author="Milliron" firstAuthor="Milliron" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="81 - 237" refId="ref46901" refString="Milliron, H. E. (1973) A monograph of the western hemisphere bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae; Bombinae). II. The genus Megabombus subgenus Megabombus. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 89, 81 - 237. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 10589 fv" type="journal article" year="1973">Milliron 1973</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBA5E1EFEE55AE47481FB20" author="Richards" box="[282,447,1161,1187]" firstAuthor="Richards" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="115 - 157" refId="ref48995" refString="Richards, K. W. (1973) Biology of Bombus polaris Curtis and B. hyperboreus Schonherr at Lake Hazen, Northwest Territories (Hymenoptera: Bombini). Quaestiones entomologicae, 9, 115 - 157." type="journal article" year="1973">Richards 1973</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBA5E1EFE345AE477E8FB20" author="Laverty &amp; Harder" box="[459,726,1161,1187]" firstAuthor="Laverty" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="965 - 987" refId="ref45386" refString="Laverty, T. M. &amp; Harder, L. D. (1988) The bumble bees of eastern Canada. Canadian Entomologist, 120, 965 - 987. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 120965 - 11" type="journal article" year="1988">Laverty &amp; Harder 1988</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBA5E1EFD1E5AE476F4FB20" author="Williams" box="[737,970,1161,1187]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refId="ref51722" refString="Williams, P. H., Thorp, R. W., Richardson, L. L. &amp; Colla, S. R. (2014) Bumble bees of North America. An identification guide. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 208 pp." type="book" year="2014">
Williams
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFCB15AE776B8FB20" box="[846,902,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE8B82FFBA5E1EFF385AC07683FAD4" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="description">
<paragraph id="245BD809FFBA5E1EFF385AC075C3FB68" blockId="30.[151,1437,152,1368]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFF385AC07462FB44" bold="true" box="[199,348,1197,1223]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Food plants.</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBA5E1EFE945AC0772DFB44" author="Richards" box="[363,531,1197,1223]" firstAuthor="Richards" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref49035" refString="Richards, O. W. (1931) Some notes on the humble-bees allied to Bombus alpinus, L. TromsO Museums Arshefter, 50, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1931">Richards 1931</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBA5E1EFDE05AC07615FB44" author="Milliron &amp; Oliver" box="[543,811,1197,1223]" firstAuthor="Milliron" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="207 - 213" refId="ref46959" refString="Milliron, H. E. &amp; Oliver, D. R. (1966) Bumblebees from northern Ellesmere Island, with observations on usurpation by Megabombus hyperboreus (Schonh.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Canadian Entomologist, 98, 207 - 213. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 98207 - 2" type="journal article" year="1966">Milliron &amp; Oliver 1966</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBA5E1EFCC85AC076E9FB44" author="Milliron" box="[823,983,1197,1223]" firstAuthor="Milliron" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="81 - 237" refId="ref46901" refString="Milliron, H. E. (1973) A monograph of the western hemisphere bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae; Bombinae). II. The genus Megabombus subgenus Megabombus. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 89, 81 - 237. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 10589 fv" type="journal article" year="1973">Milliron 1973</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBA5E1EFC1B5AC071B4FB44" author="Richards" box="[996,1162,1197,1223]" firstAuthor="Richards" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="115 - 157" refId="ref48995" refString="Richards, K. W. (1973) Biology of Bombus polaris Curtis and B. hyperboreus Schonherr at Lake Hazen, Northwest Territories (Hymenoptera: Bombini). Quaestiones entomologicae, 9, 115 - 157." type="journal article" year="1973">Richards 1973</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBA5E1EFB695AC07031FB44" author="Pape" box="[1174,1295,1197,1223]" firstAuthor="Pape" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="145 - 150" refId="ref47579" refString="Pape, T. (1983) Observations on nests of Bombus polaris Curtis usurped by B. hyperboreus Schonherr in Greenland (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Entomologiske Meddelelser, 50, 145 - 150." type="journal article" year="1983">Pape 1983</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBA5E1EFAE45AC075CBFB68" author="Williams" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refId="ref51722" refString="Williams, P. H., Thorp, R. W., Richardson, L. L. &amp; Colla, S. R. (2014) Bumble bees of North America. An identification guide. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 208 pp." type="book" year="2014">
Williams
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFA775AC3758AFB68" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FFBA5E1EFF385A9976A1FA8C" blockId="30.[151,1437,152,1368]" box="[199,927,1268,1295]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFF385A997476FA8C" bold="true" box="[199,328,1268,1295]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Behaviour.</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBA5E1EFEA85A98775DFA8C" author="Milliron &amp; Oliver" box="[343,611,1269,1295]" firstAuthor="Milliron" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="207 - 213" refId="ref46959" refString="Milliron, H. E. &amp; Oliver, D. R. (1966) Bumblebees from northern Ellesmere Island, with observations on usurpation by Megabombus hyperboreus (Schonh.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Canadian Entomologist, 98, 207 - 213. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 98207 - 2" type="journal article" year="1966">Milliron &amp; Oliver 1966</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBA5E1EFD905A98762AFA8C" author="Richards" box="[623,788,1269,1295]" firstAuthor="Richards" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="115 - 157" refId="ref48995" refString="Richards, K. W. (1973) Biology of Bombus polaris Curtis and B. hyperboreus Schonherr at Lake Hazen, Northwest Territories (Hymenoptera: Bombini). Quaestiones entomologicae, 9, 115 - 157." type="journal article" year="1973">Richards 1973</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBA5E1EFCDF5A9876A9FA8C" author="Pape" box="[800,919,1269,1295]" firstAuthor="Pape" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="145 - 150" refId="ref47579" refString="Pape, T. (1983) Observations on nests of Bombus polaris Curtis usurped by B. hyperboreus Schonherr in Greenland (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Entomologiske Meddelelser, 50, 145 - 150." type="journal article" year="1983">Pape 1983</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245BD809FFBA5E1EFF385B757683FAD4" blockId="30.[151,1437,152,1368]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFF385B757485FAB0" bold="true" box="[199,443,1304,1331]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Conservation status.</emphasis>
This species has not yet been fully assessed for Red List threat status using IUCN criteria (2001).
<bibRefCitation id="4075A5F8FFBA5E1EFF0F5B5074D4FADB" author="Hatfield" box="[240,490,1341,1368]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Hatfield" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refId="ref43847" refString="Hatfield, R., Jepsen, S., Thorp, R. W., Richardson, L., Colla, S. &amp; Foltz-Jordan, S. (2016 d) Bombus polaris. The IUCN Red List of threatened species 2016. https: // doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2016 - 1. RLTS. T 88120725 A 46440181. en" type="journal volume" year="2016" yearSuffix="d">
Hatfield
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFEAC5B5374BAFAD4" box="[339,388,1341,1367]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al</emphasis>
. (2016d)
</bibRefCitation>
have listed
<taxonomicName id="E3E4A38AFFBA5E1EFD8E5B5377E1FAD4" box="[625,735,1341,1367]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polaris">
<emphasis id="1690041BFFBA5E1EFD8E5B5377E1FAD4" box="[625,735,1341,1367]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">B. polaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as ‘Data deficient’.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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516
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3.
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<emphasis id="1690EAE48631550A37876F5485FCF877" bold="true" box="[180,490,1909,1935]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Hessebius multiforaminis</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DA3579F8631550A36C16F548659F877" box="[498,591,1909,1935]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<emphasis id="1690EAE48631550A37A46FE18598F822" bold="true" box="[151,398,1984,2010]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="FB5F88548631550A36A56FE18612F822" box="[406,516,1984,2010]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: 3 (
<figureCitation id="BCDF2A738631550A350D6FE18695F822" box="[574,643,1984,2010]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStartId="4.[151,273,1645,1669]" captionTargetBox="[163,1422,492,1620]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[160,1427,479,1637]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. Hessebius multiforaminis sp. nov. 1. Holotype, male, general habitus, dorsal view, scale 1 mm. 2. Holotype, male, ocelli and Tömösváry’s organ (circled), left lateral view, scale 250 µm. 3. Holotype, male, forcipular coxosternite, ventral view, scale 500 µm. 4, Holotype, male, anterior margin of the forcipular coxosternite and coxosternal teeth, ventral view, scale 500 µm. 5. Paratype, female, posterior segments and gonopods, ventral view, scale 500 µm. 6. Paratype, female, left gonopod, internal view, scale 250 µm. 7. Paratype, female, apical claw of right gonopod, scale 250 µm. 8. Holotype, male, posterior segments and gonopods, ventral view, scale 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198339/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
), adult, 22.9 mm long, Pulan Town, Pulan County, Ali City, Tibet Autonomous Region,
<geoCoordinate id="41D050318630550B369268B98612FF4A" box="[417,516,152,178]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" precision="925" value="30.3">30°18'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="41D050318630550B353E68B98666FF4A" box="[525,624,152,178]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" precision="925" value="80.8">80°48'E</geoCoordinate>
, altitude
<quantity id="E31C9B138630550B35D368B98729FF4A" box="[736,831,152,178]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.806" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="4806.0">4806 m</quantity>
,
<date id="505A10368630550B347F68B98007FF4A" box="[844,1041,152,178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" value="2006-08-17">17 August 2006</date>
, leg. Mingsheng Zhu, Long Liu, Xiaofeng Yang.
<typeStatus id="FB5F88548630550B3665689C85DEFF2F" box="[342,456,189,215]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: 2 3, 2 ƤƤ, same date and locality as
<typeStatus id="FB5F88548630550B3494689C8007FF2F" box="[935,1041,189,215]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE657D8630550B37F668C38696FDDD" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="245B36F68630550B37F668C38696FDDD" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48630550B37F668C38550FF04" bold="true" box="[197,326,226,252]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
A
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758630550B365868C385F5FF03" box="[363,483,226,251]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48630550B365868C385F5FF03" box="[363,483,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Hessebius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species with body length 18.9–22.9 mm, antennae composed of 20+20 articles; 13–15 ocelli on each side; Tömösváry’s organ small, rounded, smaller than the adjoining ocelli, posterosuperior ocellus and posterior ocellus comparatively larger than the others; 2+2 coxosternal teeth; porodont thickset, posterolateral to lateral tooth; all tergites without sharp posterior triangular projections; a row of comparatively thick setae on the ventral side of tibia of legs 1–11, glandular pores on the legs 9–15, S14 and S15 and genital section; coxal pores 4–7, ovate to round, arranged in one row; the first article of female gonopods with 2+2 moderately thick, bullet–shaped spurs; apical claw of the third article simple; male gonopods short and small, only a small hemispherical bulge, with 6–8 long setae on surface, tip slightly sclerotised. No accessory spurs on leg 15.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE657D8630550937F66A11875EFF2F" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" type="description">
<paragraph id="245B36F68630550B37F66A118686FD26" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48630550B37F66A11854BFDB2" bold="true" box="[197,349,560,586]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Description.</emphasis>
Body 18.9–22.9 mm long, cephalic plate 1.93–2.69 mm long, 2.62–3.24 mm wide. Antennal articles pale yellow to brown, with gray hue; tergites pale yellow to brown; cephalic plate and T15 slightly darker; pleural region pale yellow to pale gray; sternites pale yellow–brown to yellow–brown; distal part of forcipules black red, forcipular coxosternite and S15 yellow–brown, with slightly darker hue; legs pale yellow to pale yellow–brown, tarsi yellow–brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245B36F68630550B37F66AC88117FC8B" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
Cephalic plate longer than wide, rough, convex, anterior part of the cephalic capsule with shallow median sulcus; a moderately large depression in front of the transverse suture, pigment concentrated as close netlike veins; tiny setae inserted in pores scattered very sparsely over the surface; moderately long setae scattered along the marginal ridge; lateral marginal ridge discontinuous, posterior margin straight (
<figureCitation id="BCDF2A738630550B33996B7880F9FC8B" box="[1194,1263,857,883]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStartId="4.[151,273,1645,1669]" captionTargetBox="[163,1422,492,1620]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[160,1427,479,1637]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. Hessebius multiforaminis sp. nov. 1. Holotype, male, general habitus, dorsal view, scale 1 mm. 2. Holotype, male, ocelli and Tömösváry’s organ (circled), left lateral view, scale 250 µm. 3. Holotype, male, forcipular coxosternite, ventral view, scale 500 µm. 4, Holotype, male, anterior margin of the forcipular coxosternite and coxosternal teeth, ventral view, scale 500 µm. 5. Paratype, female, posterior segments and gonopods, ventral view, scale 500 µm. 6. Paratype, female, left gonopod, internal view, scale 250 µm. 7. Paratype, female, apical claw of right gonopod, scale 250 µm. 8. Holotype, male, posterior segments and gonopods, ventral view, scale 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198339/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245B36F68630550B37F66B5C8516FBD4" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
Antennae of 20+20 articles (
<figureCitation id="BCDF2A738630550B35146B5C8679FC6F" box="[551,623,893,919]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStartId="4.[151,273,1645,1669]" captionTargetBox="[163,1422,492,1620]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[160,1427,479,1637]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. Hessebius multiforaminis sp. nov. 1. Holotype, male, general habitus, dorsal view, scale 1 mm. 2. Holotype, male, ocelli and Tömösváry’s organ (circled), left lateral view, scale 250 µm. 3. Holotype, male, forcipular coxosternite, ventral view, scale 500 µm. 4, Holotype, male, anterior margin of the forcipular coxosternite and coxosternal teeth, ventral view, scale 500 µm. 5. Paratype, female, posterior segments and gonopods, ventral view, scale 500 µm. 6. Paratype, female, left gonopod, internal view, scale 250 µm. 7. Paratype, female, apical claw of right gonopod, scale 250 µm. 8. Holotype, male, posterior segments and gonopods, ventral view, scale 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198339/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
); basal article moderately longer than wide, the second markedly longer than wide; succeeding articles gradually shorten, terminal article typically longer than wide, up to 2.3– 2.8 times as long as wide. Abundant setae on antennal surface, but fewer setae on outer side and ventral and dorsal side in basal articles, gradual increase in density of setae to about fourth article, then more or less constant.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245B36F68630550B37F66C16805AFB38" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
Ocelli 13–15 on each side (
<figureCitation id="BCDF2A738630550B352B6C168673FBA9" box="[536,613,1079,1105]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStartId="4.[151,273,1645,1669]" captionTargetBox="[163,1422,492,1620]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[160,1427,479,1637]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. Hessebius multiforaminis sp. nov. 1. Holotype, male, general habitus, dorsal view, scale 1 mm. 2. Holotype, male, ocelli and Tömösváry’s organ (circled), left lateral view, scale 250 µm. 3. Holotype, male, forcipular coxosternite, ventral view, scale 500 µm. 4, Holotype, male, anterior margin of the forcipular coxosternite and coxosternal teeth, ventral view, scale 500 µm. 5. Paratype, female, posterior segments and gonopods, ventral view, scale 500 µm. 6. Paratype, female, left gonopod, internal view, scale 250 µm. 7. Paratype, female, apical claw of right gonopod, scale 250 µm. 8. Holotype, male, posterior segments and gonopods, ventral view, scale 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198339/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
), oval to rounded, commonly rounded, gently bulging, moderately domed, translucent, usually darkly pigmented in eyeground, arranged in 3 horizontal irregular rows; posterosuperior ocellus and posterior ocellus comparatively bigger, the other ocelli moderately small, approximately equal in size, overhanging the lateral margin of the cephalic plate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245B36F68630550B37F66CEA8063FAF2" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
Tömösváry’s organ very small (
<figureCitation id="BCDF2A738630550B356C6CEA86B9FB1D" box="[607,687,1227,1253]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStartId="4.[151,273,1645,1669]" captionTargetBox="[163,1422,492,1620]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[160,1427,479,1637]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. Hessebius multiforaminis sp. nov. 1. Holotype, male, general habitus, dorsal view, scale 1 mm. 2. Holotype, male, ocelli and Tömösváry’s organ (circled), left lateral view, scale 250 µm. 3. Holotype, male, forcipular coxosternite, ventral view, scale 500 µm. 4, Holotype, male, anterior margin of the forcipular coxosternite and coxosternal teeth, ventral view, scale 500 µm. 5. Paratype, female, posterior segments and gonopods, ventral view, scale 500 µm. 6. Paratype, female, left gonopod, internal view, scale 250 µm. 7. Paratype, female, apical claw of right gonopod, scale 250 µm. 8. Holotype, male, posterior segments and gonopods, ventral view, scale 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198339/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
), rounded; close to the adjoining ocelli, placed ventrad of anterolateral margin of cephalic pleurite, moderately larger than the adjoining ocelli.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245B36F68630550B37F66D3480D2FA11" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
Forcipular coxosternite (
<figureCitation id="BCDF2A738630550B36DD6D348620FAD7" box="[494,566,1301,1327]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStartId="4.[151,273,1645,1669]" captionTargetBox="[163,1422,492,1620]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[160,1427,479,1637]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. Hessebius multiforaminis sp. nov. 1. Holotype, male, general habitus, dorsal view, scale 1 mm. 2. Holotype, male, ocelli and Tömösváry’s organ (circled), left lateral view, scale 250 µm. 3. Holotype, male, forcipular coxosternite, ventral view, scale 500 µm. 4, Holotype, male, anterior margin of the forcipular coxosternite and coxosternal teeth, ventral view, scale 500 µm. 5. Paratype, female, posterior segments and gonopods, ventral view, scale 500 µm. 6. Paratype, female, left gonopod, internal view, scale 250 µm. 7. Paratype, female, apical claw of right gonopod, scale 250 µm. 8. Holotype, male, posterior segments and gonopods, ventral view, scale 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198339/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) approximately trapezoidal, anterior margin moderately broad with 2+2 comparatively sharp teeth, terminal part of each tooth approximately blunt, median diastema relatively deep, V–shaped (
<figureCitation id="BCDF2A738630550B362C6D7E857FFA81" box="[287,361,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStartId="4.[151,273,1645,1669]" captionTargetBox="[163,1422,492,1620]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[160,1427,479,1637]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. Hessebius multiforaminis sp. nov. 1. Holotype, male, general habitus, dorsal view, scale 1 mm. 2. Holotype, male, ocelli and Tömösváry’s organ (circled), left lateral view, scale 250 µm. 3. Holotype, male, forcipular coxosternite, ventral view, scale 500 µm. 4, Holotype, male, anterior margin of the forcipular coxosternite and coxosternal teeth, ventral view, scale 500 µm. 5. Paratype, female, posterior segments and gonopods, ventral view, scale 500 µm. 6. Paratype, female, left gonopod, internal view, scale 250 µm. 7. Paratype, female, apical claw of right gonopod, scale 250 µm. 8. Holotype, male, posterior segments and gonopods, ventral view, scale 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198339/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
); porodont moderately stout, just posterolateral and moderately far from the lateral tooth, without bulge near their base (
<figureCitation id="BCDF2A738630550B35276DA58674FA66" box="[532,610,1412,1438]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStartId="4.[151,273,1645,1669]" captionTargetBox="[163,1422,492,1620]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[160,1427,479,1637]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. Hessebius multiforaminis sp. nov. 1. Holotype, male, general habitus, dorsal view, scale 1 mm. 2. Holotype, male, ocelli and Tömösváry’s organ (circled), left lateral view, scale 250 µm. 3. Holotype, male, forcipular coxosternite, ventral view, scale 500 µm. 4, Holotype, male, anterior margin of the forcipular coxosternite and coxosternal teeth, ventral view, scale 500 µm. 5. Paratype, female, posterior segments and gonopods, ventral view, scale 500 µm. 6. Paratype, female, left gonopod, internal view, scale 250 µm. 7. Paratype, female, apical claw of right gonopod, scale 250 µm. 8. Holotype, male, posterior segments and gonopods, ventral view, scale 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198339/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Forcipular coxosternite also with moderately long setae sparsely scattered over the surface, comparatively long setae near the anterior margin; surface of forcipular coxosternite and forcipules of male rough as the cephalic plate, but quite smooth in female.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245B36F68630550B37F66DD587C2F914" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
All tergites moderately rough, having some wrinkles, backside slightly hunched, tiny setae scattered very sparsely over the surface; T1 posterolaterally narrower than anterolaterally, generally trapeziform, distinctly broader than T3 and the cephalic plate, the latter slightly wider than T3; lateral marginations of all tergites continuous, posterior border of T1 and T3 slightly concave, margination continuous, posterior border of TT 5, 8, 10, 12 and 14 concave, margination discontinuous except for T5, posterior border of TT 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11 and 13 straight; all tergites without posterior triangular projections (
<figureCitation id="BCDF2A738630550B34916E8C87FCF93F" box="[930,1002,1709,1735]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStartId="4.[151,273,1645,1669]" captionTargetBox="[163,1422,492,1620]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[160,1427,479,1637]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. Hessebius multiforaminis sp. nov. 1. Holotype, male, general habitus, dorsal view, scale 1 mm. 2. Holotype, male, ocelli and Tömösváry’s organ (circled), left lateral view, scale 250 µm. 3. Holotype, male, forcipular coxosternite, ventral view, scale 500 µm. 4, Holotype, male, anterior margin of the forcipular coxosternite and coxosternal teeth, ventral view, scale 500 µm. 5. Paratype, female, posterior segments and gonopods, ventral view, scale 500 µm. 6. Paratype, female, left gonopod, internal view, scale 250 µm. 7. Paratype, female, apical claw of right gonopod, scale 250 µm. 8. Holotype, male, posterior segments and gonopods, ventral view, scale 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198339/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
); setae scattered sparsely along the lateral borders, more numerous near the anterior angles of each tergite.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245B36F68630550B37F66ED68680F808" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">All sternites posterolaterally narrower than anterolaterally, generally trapeziform, moderately smooth, moderately setose on anterior part of each sternite, a pair of longer setae approximately symmetrical on the surface of the anterior and posterior part of each sternite; 2–4 longer setae on both anterior lateral borders, 1– 2 comparatively long setae scattered sparsely on posterior margin of sternites. Male with sparse glandular pores on the surface of S13, dense glandular pores and wrinkles on the surface of S14 and S15 and on genital section. Female S13–S15 moderately smooth than in male; S15 with a small rounded depression in male, the depressed area moderately larger in female.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245B36F68633550837F668B98690FCD4" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,812]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">
Tarsus 1–tarsus 2 articulation not well–defined on legs 1–13, defined on legs 14 and 15; claw moderately long and curved ventrad in all legs; accessory spur on both anterior and posterior side of claw of legs 1–14, anterior accessory spur moderately long and slender, forming a moderate small angle with the claw; posterior accessory spur slightly strong, forming a comparatively large angle with the claw; no accessory spurs on leg 15; one row of thicker setae regularly arranged on the medial ventral side of tibiae of legs 1–10, up to 50%– 75% the length of the tibia; only 2–3 moderately thicker setae on the medial ventral side of the tibia of leg 11, short to moderately long setae scattered very sparsely over the surface of all articles of legs 1–13, thicker setae scattered on the surface of tarsi, almost evenly scattered on anterior, posterior and back sides, two rows of moderately thicker setae on medial ventral side of tibiae; glandular pores on the surface of prefemur, femur, tibia and tarsus of the leg 9, more numerous on the same articles of the leg 10, where glandular pores are also present on coxa and trochanter; highest number of glandular pores on legs 14 and 15; among them, more glandular pores on the anterior and posterior side than ventrad in male; glandular pores only on the surface of prefemur, femur, tibia and tarsus of legs 14 and
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the female, the legs more smooth than in the male; legs 14 and 15 slightly thicker and stronger than other legs in female; two comparatively obvious shallow dorsal furrow on the tibia of legs 14 and 15, the male more obvious than female; tarsus 1 5.1–5.5 times longer than wide, tarsus 2 60%–70% length of tarsus on legs
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female; legs 14 and 15 markedly thicker and stronger than the other legs in male, tarsus 1 4.2–5.4 times longer than wide, tarsus 2 50%–69% length of tarsus of male legs 15. Leg spinulation as in
<tableCitation id="6966034D8633550835066B338697FCD4" box="[565,641,786,812]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,239,863,887]" captionTargetBox="[151,1354,1042,1236]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 3. Hessebius multiforaminis sp. nov.: leg spinulation; letters in brackets indicate variable spines." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/709B667E8633550837A46B7E80E1FC8F" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" tableUuid="709B667E8633550837A46B7E80E1FC8F">Tab. 3</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="709B667E8633550837A46B7E80E1FC8F" ID-Table-UUID="709B667E8633550837A46B7E80E1FC8F" box="[151,1271,863,887]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/709B667E8633550837A46B7E80E1FC8F" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" targetBox="[151,1354,1042,1236]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6">
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<emphasis id="1690EAE48633550837A46B7E851EFC8F" bold="true" box="[151,264,863,887]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758633550836236B418636FC8F" box="[272,544,864,887]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multiforaminis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48633550836236B418636FC8F" box="[272,544,864,887]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Hessebius multiforaminis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="1690EAE48633550835176B7E866FFC8F" bold="true" box="[548,633,863,887]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DA3579F8633550835176B7E866FFC8F" box="[548,633,863,887]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: leg spinulation; letters in brackets indicate variable spines.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="245B36F68633550837AC6BB387B4FC51" blockId="6.[151,1354,863,1023]" box="[159,930,914,937]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">legs ventral dorsal</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245B36F68633550837AC6B9385F7FA67" blockId="6.[151,1354,863,1023]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,1301,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">
pairs C t P F T C t P F T 1–2 – – mp amp am – – ap ap ap Coxal pores arranged in a row, round or slightly ovate, small to moderately large: 5676, 5564, 4554, 66(7)6(5) in the female; usually 6766, 7777,
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the male; pore-field set in a moderately shallow groove, the fringe of coxal pore-field with eminence, short to moderately long setae scattered sparsely over the surface of the eminence.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245B36F68633550837AC6C338128FB2C" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">
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<th id="D9055DC88633AAF137A46C338537FBD1" box="[151,289,1042,1065]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">3–6 –</th>
<th id="D9055DC88633AAF136B56C33858DFBD1" box="[390,411,1042,1065]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">–</th>
<th id="D9055DC88633AAF136CA6C338631FBD1" box="[505,551,1042,1065]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">mp</th>
<th id="D9055DC88633AAF135436C338688FBD1" box="[624,670,1042,1065]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">amp</th>
<th id="D9055DC88633AAF135DE6C338718FBD1" box="[749,782,1042,1065]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">am</th>
<th id="D9055DC88633AAF134526C338778FBD1" box="[865,878,1042,1065]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">–</th>
<th id="D9055DC88633AAF134E76C3387F7FBD1" box="[980,993,1042,1065]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">–</th>
<th id="D9055DC88633AAF133746C3380C1FBD1" box="[1095,1239,1042,1065]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">a(m)p ap</th>
<th id="D9055DC88633AAF132026C33815CFBD1" box="[1329,1354,1042,1065]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">ap</th>
</tr>
<tr id="9AD434B48633AAF137A46C1C815CFBAC" box="[151,1354,1085,1108]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">
<th id="D9055DC88633AAF137A46C1C8537FBAC" box="[151,289,1085,1108]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">7–11 –</th>
<td id="D9055DC88633AAF136B56C1C858DFBAC" box="[390,411,1085,1108]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">–</td>
<td id="D9055DC88633AAF136CA6C1C8631FBAC" box="[505,551,1085,1108]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">mp</td>
<td id="D9055DC88633AAF135436C1C8688FBAC" box="[624,670,1085,1108]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">amp</td>
<td id="D9055DC88633AAF135DE6C1C8718FBAC" box="[749,782,1085,1108]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">am</td>
<td id="D9055DC88633AAF134526C1C8778FBAC" box="[865,878,1085,1108]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">–</td>
<td id="D9055DC88633AAF134E76C1C87F7FBAC" box="[980,993,1085,1108]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">–</td>
<td id="D9055DC88633AAF133746C1C80C1FBAC" box="[1095,1239,1085,1108]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">amp ap</td>
<td id="D9055DC88633AAF132026C1C815CFBAC" box="[1329,1354,1085,1108]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">ap</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9AD434B48633AAF137A46C49815CFB51" box="[151,1354,1128,1193]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">
<th id="D9055DC88633AAF137A46C498537FB51" box="[151,289,1128,1193]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">12–13 – 14 –</th>
<td id="D9055DC88633AAF136B56C49858DFB51" box="[390,411,1128,1193]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">– m</td>
<td id="D9055DC88633AAF136CA6C498631FB51" box="[505,551,1128,1193]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">mp amp</td>
<td id="D9055DC88633AAF135436C498688FB51" box="[624,670,1128,1193]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">amp amp</td>
<td id="D9055DC88633AAF135DE6C498718FB51" box="[749,782,1128,1193]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">am am</td>
<td id="D9055DC88633AAF134526C498778FB51" box="[865,878,1128,1193]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">a a</td>
<td id="D9055DC88633AAF134E76C4987F7FB51" box="[980,993,1128,1193]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">– –</td>
<td id="D9055DC88633AAF133746C4980C1FB51" box="[1095,1239,1128,1193]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">amp ap amp p</td>
<td id="D9055DC88633AAF132026C49815CFB51" box="[1329,1354,1128,1193]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">ap p</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9AD434B48633AAF137A46C9C815CFB2C" box="[151,1354,1213,1236]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">
<th id="D9055DC88633AAF137A46C9C8537FB2C" box="[151,289,1213,1236]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">15 –</th>
<td id="D9055DC88633AAF136B56C9C858DFB2C" box="[390,411,1213,1236]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">m</td>
<td id="D9055DC88633AAF136CA6C9C8631FB2C" box="[505,551,1213,1236]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">amp</td>
<td id="D9055DC88633AAF135436C9C8688FB2C" box="[624,670,1213,1236]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">am</td>
<td id="D9055DC88633AAF135DE6C9C8718FB2C" box="[749,782,1213,1236]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">am</td>
<td id="D9055DC88633AAF134526C9C8778FB2C" box="[865,878,1213,1236]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">a</td>
<td id="D9055DC88633AAF134E76C9C87F7FB2C" box="[980,993,1213,1236]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">–</td>
<td id="D9055DC88633AAF133746C9C80C1FB2C" box="[1095,1239,1213,1236]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">amp p</td>
<td id="D9055DC88633AAF132026C9C815CFB2C" box="[1329,1354,1213,1236]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">–</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245B36F68633550837F66D8B8662F8A7" blockId="6.[151,1437,1301,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">
Female S15 posterolaterally narrower than anterolaterally, generally trapeziform, straight posteromedially; short to long setae scattered very sparsely over its surface and lateral margins. The sternite of genital segment usually well sclerotised, longer than wide, posterior border moderately deeply concave between condyles of gonopods, except for a small, median approximately rhombic bulge, distally lightly sclerotised, moderately longer setae scattered over the surface, few setae near S15, regularly fringed with longer setae along the posterior margin. First article of the female gonopods moderately broad, bearing many moderately long setae, with 2+2 moderately long, bullet–shaped spurs, inner spur slightly smaller and more anterior than the outer (
<figureCitation id="BCDF2A7386335508368B6E918615F932" box="[440,515,1712,1738]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStartId="4.[151,273,1645,1669]" captionTargetBox="[163,1422,492,1620]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[160,1427,479,1637]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. Hessebius multiforaminis sp. nov. 1. Holotype, male, general habitus, dorsal view, scale 1 mm. 2. Holotype, male, ocelli and Tömösváry’s organ (circled), left lateral view, scale 250 µm. 3. Holotype, male, forcipular coxosternite, ventral view, scale 500 µm. 4, Holotype, male, anterior margin of the forcipular coxosternite and coxosternal teeth, ventral view, scale 500 µm. 5. Paratype, female, posterior segments and gonopods, ventral view, scale 500 µm. 6. Paratype, female, left gonopod, internal view, scale 250 µm. 7. Paratype, female, apical claw of right gonopod, scale 250 µm. 8. Holotype, male, posterior segments and gonopods, ventral view, scale 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198339/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
); second article of the female gonopods with 13–15 moderately long setae, arranged in 3 irregular rows; 9 short to long setae along the dorsolateral ridge, the dorsal terminal part strongly extending backwards and forming a thick protuberance (
<figureCitation id="BCDF2A738633550834066EDB8768F8EC" box="[821,894,1786,1812]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStartId="4.[151,273,1645,1669]" captionTargetBox="[163,1422,492,1620]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[160,1427,479,1637]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. Hessebius multiforaminis sp. nov. 1. Holotype, male, general habitus, dorsal view, scale 1 mm. 2. Holotype, male, ocelli and Tömösváry’s organ (circled), left lateral view, scale 250 µm. 3. Holotype, male, forcipular coxosternite, ventral view, scale 500 µm. 4, Holotype, male, anterior margin of the forcipular coxosternite and coxosternal teeth, ventral view, scale 500 µm. 5. Paratype, female, posterior segments and gonopods, ventral view, scale 500 µm. 6. Paratype, female, left gonopod, internal view, scale 250 µm. 7. Paratype, female, apical claw of right gonopod, scale 250 µm. 8. Holotype, male, posterior segments and gonopods, ventral view, scale 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198339/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
); third article of the female gonopods usually with 4 moderately long setae on the surface, three comparatively long setae along the dorsolateral ridge, apical claw simple and broad (
<figureCitation id="BCDF2A738633550836CF6F648670F8A7" box="[508,614,1861,1887]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStartId="4.[151,273,1645,1669]" captionTargetBox="[163,1422,492,1620]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[160,1427,479,1637]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. Hessebius multiforaminis sp. nov. 1. Holotype, male, general habitus, dorsal view, scale 1 mm. 2. Holotype, male, ocelli and Tömösváry’s organ (circled), left lateral view, scale 250 µm. 3. Holotype, male, forcipular coxosternite, ventral view, scale 500 µm. 4, Holotype, male, anterior margin of the forcipular coxosternite and coxosternal teeth, ventral view, scale 500 µm. 5. Paratype, female, posterior segments and gonopods, ventral view, scale 500 µm. 6. Paratype, female, left gonopod, internal view, scale 250 µm. 7. Paratype, female, apical claw of right gonopod, scale 250 µm. 8. Holotype, male, posterior segments and gonopods, ventral view, scale 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198339/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Figs 5, 7</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245B36F68633550937F66F4B875EFF2F" blockId="6.[151,1437,1301,2036]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,152,402]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">
Male S15 posterolaterally narrower than anterolaterally, generally trapeziform, posteromedially straight, posterior angles rounded, moderately long setae sparsely scattered over its surface; tergite of genital segment wider than long, usually well sclerotised; comparatively long setae about evenly scattered on the ventral surface, slightly fewer near S15. Posterior margin of the sternite of the genital segment quite deeply concave between gonopods, no bulge medially; gonopods short and small, only a small hemispherical bulge, with 6–8 long setae on surface, terminal slightly sclerotised (
<figureCitation id="BCDF2A738632550935C2689C872EFF2F" box="[753,824,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStartId="4.[151,273,1645,1669]" captionTargetBox="[163,1422,492,1620]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[160,1427,479,1637]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. Hessebius multiforaminis sp. nov. 1. Holotype, male, general habitus, dorsal view, scale 1 mm. 2. Holotype, male, ocelli and Tömösváry’s organ (circled), left lateral view, scale 250 µm. 3. Holotype, male, forcipular coxosternite, ventral view, scale 500 µm. 4, Holotype, male, anterior margin of the forcipular coxosternite and coxosternal teeth, ventral view, scale 500 µm. 5. Paratype, female, posterior segments and gonopods, ventral view, scale 500 µm. 6. Paratype, female, left gonopod, internal view, scale 250 µm. 7. Paratype, female, apical claw of right gonopod, scale 250 µm. 8. Holotype, male, posterior segments and gonopods, ventral view, scale 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198339/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE657D8632550937F668C38524FEDA" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="245B36F68632550937F668C38524FEDA" blockId="7.[151,1436,152,402]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48632550937F668C38547FF04" bold="true" box="[197,337,226,252]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific name refers to the large numbers of glandular pores on the legs 9–15, ventral of S14 and S15.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE657D8632550937F6690C802DFEBF" box="[197,1083,301,327]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="245B36F68632550937F6690C802DFEBF" blockId="7.[151,1436,152,402]" box="[197,1083,301,327]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48632550937F6690C8573FEBF" bold="true" box="[197,357,301,327]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Distribution.</emphasis>
The new species is to date known only from the
<typeStatus id="FB5F8854863255093497690C87C1FEBF" box="[932,983,301,327]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE657D8632550937F6697386D4FE6A" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="245B36F68632550937F6697386D4FE6A" blockId="7.[151,1436,152,402]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48632550937F66973858CFE94" bold="true" box="[197,410,338,364]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Ecological notes.</emphasis>
The material examined has been collected from Subfrigid Zone and Arid Regions of Plateau; in moderately moist soil, under stones.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="709B667E8632550937A469E2818BFE23" ID-Table-UUID="709B667E8632550937A469E2818BFE23" box="[151,1437,451,475]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/709B667E8632550937A469E2818BFE23" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" targetBox="[151,1437,607,1923]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="245B36F68632550937A469E2818BFE23" blockId="7.[151,1437,451,589]" box="[151,1437,451,475]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48632550937A469E28519FE23" bold="true" box="[151,271,451,475]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">TABLE 4.</emphasis>
Range and main morphological characters of Sino–Mongolian species of
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D7586325509336269E58160FE23" authority="Verhoeff, 1941" authorityName="Verhoeff" authorityYear="1941" box="[1105,1398,452,475]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1690EAE486325509336269E580D4FE23" box="[1105,1218,452,475]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Hessebius</emphasis>
Verhoeff, 1941
</taxonomicName>
: H.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="6CFE657D8632550737A469C48679FE94" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="245B36F68632550937A469C4818AFE04" blockId="7.[151,1437,451,589]" box="[151,1436,485,508]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758632550937A469C485C4FE04" authority="Verhoeff, 1942" authorityName="Verhoeff" authorityYear="1942" box="[151,466,485,508]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Paobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jangtseanus">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48632550937A469C48501FE04" box="[151,279,485,508]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">jangtseanus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="40754B0786325509361769C485DCFE04" author="Verhoeff" box="[292,458,485,508]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" refString="Verhoeff, K. W. (1942) Chilopoden aus innerasiatischen Hochgebirgen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 137, 35 - 52." type="journal article" year="1942">Verhoeff, 1942</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758632550936EE69C48717FE04" ID-CoL="79WYQ" authority="Loksa, 1978" authorityName="Loksa" authorityYear="1978" box="[477,769,485,508]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Schizotergitius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="styliferus">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48632550936EE69C48677FE04" box="[477,609,485,508]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">H. styliferus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="40754B0786325509355C69C486EFFE04" author="Loksa" box="[623,761,485,508]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" refString="Loksa, I. (1978) Chilopoden aus der Mongolei (Arthropoda: Tracheata: Chilopoda). Annales Historico - Naturales Musaei Nationalis Hungarici, 70, 111 - 120." type="journal article" year="1978">Loksa, 1978</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D7586325509343F69C480BEFE04" authority="Ma, Pei &amp; Zhu, 2009" authorityName="Ma, Pei &amp; Zhu" authorityYear="2009" box="[780,1192,485,508]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispinipes">
<emphasis id="1690EAE486325509343F69C487ADFE04" box="[780,955,485,508]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">H. longispinipes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078632550934F069C480BEFE04" author="Ma" box="[963,1192,485,508]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" refString="Ma, H. Q., Pei, S. J. &amp; Zhu, M. S. (2009) A new species of the Genus Hessebius Verhoeff, 1941 (Lithobiomorpha: Lithobiidae). Entomological News, 20, 195 - 200." type="journal article" year="2009">Ma, Pei &amp; Zhu, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758632550933EE69C4818AFE04" box="[1245,1436,485,508]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multiforaminis">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48632550933EE69C4818AFE04" box="[1245,1436,485,508]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">H. multiforaminis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245B36F68632550937A46A2584FBFDE4" blockId="7.[151,1437,451,589]" box="[151,237,516,540]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48632550937A46A2584FBFDE4" bold="true" box="[151,237,516,540]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245B36F68632550936A56A198104FDB5" blockId="7.[151,1437,451,589]" box="[406,1298,568,589]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48632550936A56A198104FDB5" box="[406,1298,568,589]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758632550936A56A19861FFDB5" box="[406,521,568,589]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Paobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jangtseanus">jangtseanus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758632550935BE6A1986F3FDB5" ID-CoL="79WYQ" box="[653,741,568,589]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Schizotergitius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="styliferus">styliferus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758632550934B36A198016FDB5" box="[896,1024,568,589]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispinipes">longispinipes</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758632550933B66A198104FDB5" box="[1157,1298,568,589]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multiforaminis">multiforaminis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245B36F68632550937A86A7E816FF87B" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
<table id="56E4C4568632AAF137A46A7E818BF87B" box="[151,1437,607,1923]" gridcols="5" gridrows="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
<tr id="9AD434B48632AAF137A46A7E818BFD6A" box="[151,1437,607,658]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
<th id="D9055DC88632AAF137A46A7E856EFD6A" box="[151,376,607,658]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Sources</th>
<th id="D9055DC88632AAF136A56A7E866BFD6A" box="[406,637,607,658]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Verhoeff 1942; this paper</th>
<th id="D9055DC88632AAF135BE6A7E877DFD6A" box="[653,875,607,658]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Loksa 1978</th>
<th id="D9055DC88632AAF134B36A7E8062FD6A" box="[896,1140,607,658]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Ma, Pei &amp; Zhu 2009</th>
<th id="D9055DC88632AAF133B66A7E818BFD6A" box="[1157,1437,607,658]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">this paper</th>
</tr>
<tr id="9AD434B48632AAF137A46A8E818BFD1A" box="[151,1437,687,738]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
<th id="D9055DC88632AAF137A46A8E856EFD1A" box="[151,376,687,738]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Distribution</th>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF136A56A8E866BFD1A" box="[406,637,687,738]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">China SE (Sichuan)</td>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF135BE6A8E877DFD1A" box="[653,875,687,738]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Mongolia SW</td>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF134B36A8E8062FD1A" box="[896,1140,687,738]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">China NW (Xinjiang Uygur)</td>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF133B66A8E818BFD1A" box="[1157,1437,687,738]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">China SW (Tibet)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9AD434B48632AAF137A46AD4818BFCF2" box="[151,1437,757,778]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
<th id="D9055DC88632AAF137A46AD4856EFCF2" box="[151,376,757,778]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Body length (mm)</th>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF136A56AD4866BFCF2" box="[406,637,757,778]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">6.9 – 14.0</td>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF135BE6AD4877DFCF2" box="[653,875,757,778]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">12.0 – 13.0</td>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF134B36AD48062FCF2" box="[896,1140,757,778]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">10.7 – 12.6</td>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF133B66AD4818BFCF2" box="[1157,1437,757,778]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">18.9 – 22.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9AD434B48632AAF137A46B3C818BFCB7" box="[151,1437,797,847]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
<th id="D9055DC88632AAF137A46B3C856EFCB7" box="[151,376,797,847]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Number of antennal articles</th>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF136A56B3C866BFCB7" box="[406,637,797,847]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">19+19 – 22+22, commonly 20+20</td>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF135BE6B3C877DFCB7" box="[653,875,797,847]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">20+20</td>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF134B36B3C8062FCB7" box="[896,1140,797,847]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">17+17 – 19+19, commonly 18+18</td>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF133B66B3C818BFCB7" box="[1157,1437,797,847]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">20+20</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9AD434B48632AAF137A46B45818BFC29" box="[151,1437,868,977]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
<th id="D9055DC88632AAF137A46B45856EFC29" box="[151,376,868,977]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Number, arrangement and shape of the ocelli</th>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF136A56B45866BFC29" box="[406,637,868,977]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">9–12, in 3 rows</td>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF135BE6B45877DFC29" box="[653,875,868,977]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">1+2, 3, in 2 rows</td>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF134B36B458062FC29" box="[896,1140,868,977]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">1+3, 2, oval to rounded, commonly oval, in 2 irregular rows</td>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF133B66B45818BFC29" box="[1157,1437,868,977]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">13 (1+5,4,3)–15 oval to rounded, commonly rounded, in 3 irregular rows</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9AD434B48632AAF137A46BC5818BFBEE" box="[151,1437,996,1046]" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
<th id="D9055DC88632AAF137A46BC5856EFBEE" box="[151,376,996,1046]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Posterior ocellus</th>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF136A56BC5866BFBEE" box="[406,637,996,1046]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">oval to round, comparatively large</td>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF135BE6BC5877DFBEE" box="[653,875,996,1046]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">round, of the same size of the seriate ocelli</td>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF134B36BC58062FBEE" box="[896,1140,996,1046]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">oval, larger than the seriate ocelli</td>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF133B66BC5818BFBEE" box="[1157,1437,996,1046]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">bigger than the seriate ocelli</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9AD434B48632AAF137A46C61818BFB10" box="[151,1437,1088,1256]" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
<th id="D9055DC88632AAF137A46C61856EFB10" box="[151,376,1088,1256]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Seriate ocelli</th>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF136A56C61866BFB10" box="[406,637,1088,1256]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">moderately small, approximately equal in size</td>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF135BE6C61877DFB10" box="[653,875,1088,1256]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">moderately small, approximately equal in size; posterosuperior ocellus of the same size or slightly larger than other seriate ocelli</td>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF134B36C618062FB10" box="[896,1140,1088,1256]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">moderately small, approximately equal in size; posterosuperior ocellus of the same size or slightly larger than other seriate ocelli</td>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF133B66C61818BFB10" box="[1157,1437,1088,1256]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">moderately small, approximately equal in size except the posterosuperior ocellus comparatively larger than other seriate ocelli</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9AD434B48632AAF137A46CDA818BFAB3" box="[151,1437,1275,1355]" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
<th id="D9055DC88632AAF137A46CDA856EFAB3" box="[151,376,1275,1355]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Tömösváry's organ</th>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF136A56CDA866BFAB3" box="[406,637,1275,1355]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">moderately large, rounded, slightly bigger than the adjoining ocelli</td>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF135BE6CDA877DFAB3" box="[653,875,1275,1355]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">round, of the same size of the adjoining ocelli</td>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF134B36CDA8062FAB3" box="[896,1140,1275,1355]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">moderately small, nearly rounded, about same size as the adjoining ocelli</td>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF133B66CDA818BFAB3" box="[1157,1437,1275,1355]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">very small, rounded; comparatively close to the adjoining ocelli</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9AD434B48632AAF137A46D7F818BFA33" box="[151,1437,1374,1483]" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
<th id="D9055DC88632AAF137A46D7F856EFA33" box="[151,376,1374,1483]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Number and arrangement of coxosternal teeth</th>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF136A56D7F866BFA33" box="[406,637,1374,1483]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">2+2, moderately sharp</td>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF135BE6D7F877DFA33" box="[653,875,1374,1483]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">2+2, sharp</td>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF134B36D7F8062FA33" box="[896,1140,1374,1483]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">2+2, comparatively triangular, terminal part of each tooth slightly blunt</td>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF133B66D7F818BFA33" box="[1157,1437,1374,1483]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">2+2, comparatively sharp, terminal part of each tooth approximately blunt</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9AD434B48632AAF137A46DFF818BF990" box="[151,1437,1502,1640]" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
<th id="D9055DC88632AAF137A46DFF856EF990" box="[151,376,1502,1640]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Porodont</th>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF136A56DFF866BF990" box="[406,637,1502,1640]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">moderately thickset</td>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF135BE6DFF877DF990" box="[653,875,1502,1640]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">long, strong, spiniform</td>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF134B36DFF8062F990" box="[896,1140,1502,1640]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">moderately stout, just posterolateral to the lateral tooth, without bulge near the base</td>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF133B66DFF818BF990" box="[1157,1437,1502,1640]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">moderately stout, just posterolateral and moderately far from the lateral tooth, without bulge near their base</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9AD434B48632AAF137A46E5A818BF955" box="[151,1437,1659,1709]" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
<th id="D9055DC88632AAF137A46E5A856EF955" box="[151,376,1659,1709]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Tergites</th>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF136A56E5A866BF955" box="[406,637,1659,1709]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">smooth</td>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF135BE6E5A877DF955" box="[653,875,1659,1709]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">smooth, slightly glossy</td>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF134B36E5A8062F955" box="[896,1140,1659,1709]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">moderately smooth, without wrinkles</td>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF133B66E5A818BF955" box="[1157,1437,1659,1709]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">moderately rough, with some wrinkles</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9AD434B48632AAF137A46EEA818BF8C0" box="[151,1437,1739,1848]" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
<th id="D9055DC88632AAF137A46EEA856EF8C0" box="[151,376,1739,1848]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Number of coxal pores</th>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF136A56EEA866BF8C0" box="[406,637,1739,1848]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">4454 (Verhoeff, 1942); 4–6 (this paper)</td>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF135BE6EEA877DF8C0" box="[653,875,1739,1848]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">not reported</td>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF134B36EEA8062F8C0" box="[896,1140,1739,1848]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">2–5: usually 2343 (male); 3444, 2444 (female)</td>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF133B66EEA818BF8C0" box="[1157,1437,1739,1848]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">4–7: usually 6766, 7777, 5666, 5666 (male); 5676, 5564, 4554, 66(7)6(5) (female)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9AD434B48632AAF137A46F71818BF87B" box="[151,1437,1872,1923]" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
<th id="D9055DC88632AAF137A46F71856EF87B" box="[151,376,1872,1923]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Shape of coxal pores</th>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF136A56F71866BF87B" box="[406,637,1872,1923]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">ovate to round</td>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF135BE6F71877DF87B" box="[653,875,1872,1923]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">not reported</td>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF134B36F718062F87B" box="[896,1140,1872,1923]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">round or slightly ovate, small to moderately large</td>
<td id="D9055DC88632AAF133B66F71818BF87B" box="[1157,1437,1872,1923]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">round or slightly ovate, small to moderately large</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245B36F68632550933E56FBD8181F849" blockId="7.[1238,1431,1948,1969]" box="[1238,1431,1948,1969]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">continued next page</paragraph>
<caption id="709B667E863D550637A868BE8560FF4C" ID-Table-UUID="709B667E863D550637A868BE8560FF4C" box="[155,374,159,180]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/709B667E863D550637A868BE8560FF4C" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" targetBox="[155,1427,239,1676]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="245B36F6863D550637A868BE8560FF4C" blockId="8.[155,1298,159,221]" box="[155,374,159,180]" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="1690EAE4863D550637A868BE8515FF4C" bold="true" box="[155,259,159,180]" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">TABLE 4.</emphasis>
(continued)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="245B36F6863D550736A568E985A4FEDA" blockId="8.[155,1298,159,221]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,152,364]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="1690EAE4863D550636A568E98104FF25" box="[406,1298,200,221]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D75863D550636A568E9861FFF25" box="[406,521,200,221]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Paobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jangtseanus">jangtseanus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D75863D550635BE68E986F3FF25" ID-CoL="79WYQ" box="[653,741,200,221]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Schizotergitius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="styliferus">styliferus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D75863D550634B368E98016FF25" box="[896,1024,200,221]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispinipes">longispinipes</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D75863D550633B668E98104FF25" box="[1157,1298,200,221]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multiforaminis">multiforaminis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="1690EAE4863D550637F66ECD8556F8FE" bold="true" box="[197,320,1772,1798]" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Remarks.</emphasis>
The new species resembles
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D75863D550635A56ECC875FF8FE" box="[662,841,1773,1798]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Paobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jangtseanus">
<emphasis id="1690EAE4863D550635A56ECC875FF8FE" box="[662,841,1773,1798]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">H. jangtseanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from
<collectingCountry id="5CF37666863D550634A86ECD87F3F8FE" box="[923,997,1772,1798]" name="China" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">China</collectingCountry>
, Sichuan Province, in the number of teeth (2+
<quantity id="E31C9B13863D550637CC6F33853AF8D4" box="[255,300,1810,1836]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
either species) on the anterior margin of forcipular coxosternite, and the first article of the female gonopods bearing 2+2 spurs; but can be easily distinguished from the latter by having 13–15 ocelli on each side rather than 9–12; glandular pores on the legs 9–15, on the S14 and S15 and on the genital section, instead of being without glandular pores; legs spinulation also shows different patterns. The new species can be easily distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D75863D5506364D6F868657F838" box="[382,577,1959,1984]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispinipes">
<emphasis id="1690EAE4863D5506364D6F868657F838" box="[382,577,1959,1984]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">H. longispinipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from Barkor County, Hami City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, by having 13–15 ocelli on each side rather than 6; antennae composed of 20+20 articles instead of 17+17– 19+19; the dorsal terminal part of the second article of the female gonopods strongly extending backwards and forming a thick terminal protuberance is shorter than that of the latter species and the apical claw of the female gonopods is simple and broad without any basal lateral denticle instead of having two basal lateral denticles as in the latter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245B36F6863D550637A868CE8199F997" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
<table id="56E4C456863DAAF137A868CE8185F974" box="[155,1427,239,1676]" gridcols="5" gridrows="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
<tr id="9AD434B4863DAAF137A868CE8185FEC7" box="[155,1427,239,319]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
<th id="D9055DC8863DAAF137A868CE8594FEC7" box="[155,386,239,319]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Tarsus 1–tarsus 2 articulation on legs 1– 13</th>
<th id="D9055DC8863DAAF136A568CE866FFEC7" box="[406,633,239,319]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">not well–defined</th>
<th id="D9055DC8863DAAF135BE68CE877DFEC7" box="[653,875,239,319]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">not well–defined</th>
<th id="D9055DC8863DAAF134B368CE8066FEC7" box="[896,1136,239,319]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">not well–defined</th>
<th id="D9055DC8863DAAF133B668CE8185FEC7" box="[1157,1427,239,319]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">not well–defined</th>
</tr>
<tr id="9AD434B4863DAAF137A869738185FE47" box="[155,1427,338,447]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
<th id="D9055DC8863DAAF137A869738594FE47" box="[155,386,338,447]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Male 14th leg</th>
<td id="D9055DC8863DAAF136A56973866FFE47" box="[406,633,338,447]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">thicker than 1–13 legs, more thicker than in female</td>
<td id="D9055DC8863DAAF135BE6973877DFE47" box="[653,875,338,447]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">no striking features</td>
<td id="D9055DC8863DAAF134B369738066FE47" box="[896,1136,338,447]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">moderately thicker and stronger than 1–13 legs, more thicker and stronger than female</td>
<td id="D9055DC8863DAAF133B669738185FE47" box="[1157,1427,338,447]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">markedly thicker and stronger than 1–13 legs,</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9AD434B4863DAAF137A869FB8185FDBF" box="[155,1427,474,583]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
<th id="D9055DC8863DAAF137A869FB8594FDBF" box="[155,386,474,583]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Male 15th leg</th>
<td id="D9055DC8863DAAF136A569FB866FFDBF" box="[406,633,474,583]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">thicker than 1–13 legs, more thicker than in female</td>
<td id="D9055DC8863DAAF135BE69FB877DFDBF" box="[653,875,474,583]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">not reported</td>
<td id="D9055DC8863DAAF134B369FB8066FDBF" box="[896,1136,474,583]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">moderately thicker and stronger than 1–13 legs; more thicker and stronger than in female</td>
<td id="D9055DC8863DAAF133B669FB8185FDBF" box="[1157,1427,474,583]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">markedly thicker and stronger than in 1–13 legs</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9AD434B4863DAAF137A86A438185FD4A" box="[155,1427,610,690]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
<th id="D9055DC8863DAAF137A86A438594FD4A" box="[155,386,610,690]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Dorsal sulci on male 14th and 15th legs</th>
<td id="D9055DC8863DAAF136A56A43866FFD4A" box="[406,633,610,690]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">absent</td>
<td id="D9055DC8863DAAF135BE6A43877DFD4A" box="[653,875,610,690]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">not reported</td>
<td id="D9055DC8863DAAF134B36A438066FD4A" box="[896,1136,610,690]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">a comparatively obvious dorsal furrow on the tibia of legs 14 and 15</td>
<td id="D9055DC8863DAAF133B66A438185FD4A" box="[1157,1427,610,690]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">two comparatively obvious shallow dorsal furrow on the tibia of legs 14 and 15</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9AD434B4863DAAF137A86AF58185FD11" box="[155,1427,724,745]" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
<th id="D9055DC8863DAAF137A86AF58594FD11" box="[155,386,724,745]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">VaC spine</th>
<td id="D9055DC8863DAAF136A56AF5866FFD11" box="[406,633,724,745]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">absent</td>
<td id="D9055DC8863DAAF135BE6AF5877DFD11" box="[653,875,724,745]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">absent</td>
<td id="D9055DC8863DAAF134B36AF58066FD11" box="[896,1136,724,745]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">absent</td>
<td id="D9055DC8863DAAF133B66AF58185FD11" box="[1157,1427,724,745]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">absent</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9AD434B4863DAAF137A86ADD8185FCEB" box="[155,1427,764,787]" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
<th id="D9055DC8863DAAF137A86ADD8594FCEB" box="[155,386,764,787]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">DaC spine</th>
<td id="D9055DC8863DAAF136A56ADD866FFCEB" box="[406,633,764,787]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">on 13th–15th legs</td>
<td id="D9055DC8863DAAF135BE6ADD877DFCEB" box="[653,875,764,787]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">on 11th–15th legs</td>
<td id="D9055DC8863DAAF134B36ADD8066FCEB" box="[896,1136,764,787]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">on 9th–15th legs</td>
<td id="D9055DC8863DAAF133B66ADD8185FCEB" box="[1157,1427,764,787]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">on 12th–15th legs</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9AD434B4863DAAF137A86B078185FCA0" box="[155,1427,806,856]" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
<th id="D9055DC8863DAAF137A86B078594FCA0" box="[155,386,806,856]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">14th accessory spur</th>
<td id="D9055DC8863DAAF136A56B07866FFCA0" box="[406,633,806,856]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">present</td>
<td id="D9055DC8863DAAF135BE6B07877DFCA0" box="[653,875,806,856]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">absent</td>
<td id="D9055DC8863DAAF134B36B078066FCA0" box="[896,1136,806,856]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">absent</td>
<td id="D9055DC8863DAAF133B66B078185FCA0" box="[1157,1427,806,856]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">present on both anterior and posterior side of the claw</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9AD434B4863DAAF137A86B4A8185FC66" box="[155,1427,875,926]" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
<th id="D9055DC8863DAAF137A86B4A8594FC66" box="[155,386,875,926]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">15th accessory spur</th>
<td id="D9055DC8863DAAF136A56B4A866FFC66" box="[406,633,875,926]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">posterior accessory spur present</td>
<td id="D9055DC8863DAAF135BE6B4A877DFC66" box="[653,875,875,926]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">absent</td>
<td id="D9055DC8863DAAF134B36B4A8066FC66" box="[896,1136,875,926]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">absent</td>
<td id="D9055DC8863DAAF133B66B4A8185FC66" box="[1157,1427,875,926]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">absent</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9AD434B4863DAAF137A86B908185FBE6" box="[155,1427,945,1054]" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
<th id="D9055DC8863DAAF137A86B908594FBE6" box="[155,386,945,1054]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Number and shape of spurs on female gonopods</th>
<td id="D9055DC8863DAAF136A56B90866FFBE6" box="[406,633,945,1054]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">2+2, thick, bullet– shaped</td>
<td id="D9055DC8863DAAF135BE6B90877DFBE6" box="[653,875,945,1054]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">2+2, slightly bent at the blunt end, three times as long as wide at the base</td>
<td id="D9055DC8863DAAF134B36B908066FBE6" box="[896,1136,945,1054]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">2+2, moderately long, bullet–shaped, the inner slightly smaller and more anterior than the outer</td>
<td id="D9055DC8863DAAF133B66B908185FBE6" box="[1157,1427,945,1054]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">2+2, moderately long, bullet–shaped</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9AD434B4863DAAF137A86C108185FAEC" box="[155,1427,1073,1300]" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
<th id="D9055DC8863DAAF137A86C108594FAEC" box="[155,386,1073,1300]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Shape of dorsal terminal thorn on 2nd article of female gonopods</th>
<td id="D9055DC8863DAAF136A56C10866FFAEC" box="[406,633,1073,1300]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">moderately feeble long terminal spur pointing backwards</td>
<td id="D9055DC8863DAAF135BE6C10877DFAEC" box="[653,875,1073,1300]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">a clear forward–facing extension from the distal end of the 2nd article; extension with 2 long dorsal setae; under the extension of the article 5 small dorsal setae.</td>
<td id="D9055DC8863DAAF134B36C108066FAEC" box="[896,1136,1073,1300]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">strongly extending backwards and forming a thick and long terminal thorn</td>
<td id="D9055DC8863DAAF133B66C108185FAEC" box="[1157,1427,1073,1300]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">strongly extending backwards and forming a thick terminal protuberance</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9AD434B4863DAAF137A86D068185FA14" box="[155,1427,1319,1516]" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
<th id="D9055DC8863DAAF137A86D068594FA14" box="[155,386,1319,1516]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Apical claw of female gonopods (and lateral denticles)</th>
<td id="D9055DC8863DAAF136A56D06866FFA14" box="[406,633,1319,1516]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">simple, only with one small ventral triangular denticle</td>
<td id="D9055DC8863DAAF135BE6D06877DFA14" box="[653,875,1319,1516]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">weak, tridentate; middle point curved, outer developed, internal difficult to detect small setae are present on the dorsal side of the claw</td>
<td id="D9055DC8863DAAF134B36D068066FA14" box="[896,1136,1319,1516]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">simple, slender and sharp, with moderaterly small protuberance on both ventral and dorsal sides, the dorsal one more anterior; usually 3 moderately long setae</td>
<td id="D9055DC8863DAAF133B66D068185FA14" box="[1157,1427,1319,1516]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">simple and broad</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9AD434B4863DAAF137A86E238185F974" box="[155,1427,1538,1676]" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
<th id="D9055DC8863DAAF137A86E238594F974" box="[155,386,1538,1676]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Male gonopods</th>
<td id="D9055DC8863DAAF136A56E23866FF974" box="[406,633,1538,1676]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">short and small, only a small hemispherical bulge, with 1–2 long setae on the surface, tip slightly sclerotised</td>
<td id="D9055DC8863DAAF135BE6E23877DF974" box="[653,875,1538,1676]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">large, semicircular (rounded) with 4 long setae</td>
<td id="D9055DC8863DAAF134B36E238066F974" box="[896,1136,1538,1676]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">short and small, only a small hemispherical bulge, with 2 long setae on surface, terminal slightly sclerotised</td>
<td id="D9055DC8863DAAF133B66E238185F974" box="[1157,1427,1538,1676]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">short and small, only a small hemispherical bulge, with 6–8 long setae on surface, terminal slightly sclerotised</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245B36F6863C550737F6690C8679FE94" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,364]" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">
To assist in the identification of the Chinese and Mongolian species of
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D75863C55073363690C80D9FEBE" ID-CoL="4W56" box="[1104,1231,301,326]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1690EAE4863C55073363690C80D9FEBE" box="[1104,1231,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">Hessebius</emphasis>
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, the differential diagnostic features are offered in
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Genus
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<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F37DD6B8E857EFC31" bold="true" box="[238,360,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Hessebius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078634550F365C6B8E8633FC31" author="Verhoeff" box="[367,549,943,969]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" refString="Verhoeff, K. W. (1941) Asyanin zoogeografiyasi ve hayvan sistematige hakkinda. Asiatische Beitrage. II. Turkische Chilopoden. Istambul Universitesi Orman Fakultesi Dergisi, 6 B, 85 - 117." type="journal article" year="1941">Verhoeff, 1941</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="245B36F68634550F37A46BD98019FBF7" blockId="1.[151,1039,1016,1039]" box="[151,1039,1016,1039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078634550F37A46BD98525FBF7" author="Verhoeff" box="[151,307,1016,1039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" refString="Verhoeff, K. W. (1941) Asyanin zoogeografiyasi ve hayvan sistematige hakkinda. Asiatische Beitrage. II. Turkische Chilopoden. Istambul Universitesi Orman Fakultesi Dergisi, 6 B, 85 - 117." type="journal article" year="1941">Verhoeff 1941</bibRefCitation>
: 97; non
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078634550F36A66BD98627FBF7" author="Verhoeff" box="[405,561,1016,1039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" refString="Verhoeff, K. W. (1943) Uber Chilopoden der Turkei. III. Aufsatz. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 143, 116 - 140." type="journal article" year="1943">Verhoeff 1943</bibRefCitation>
: 117;
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078634550F35426BD98737FBF7" author="Zalesskaja" box="[625,801,1016,1039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" refString="Zalesskaja, N. T. (1978) Identification book of the lithobiomorph centipedes of the USSR (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha). Nauka publ., Moscow, 211 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1978">Zalesskaja 1978</bibRefCitation>
: 42;
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: 329.
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<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F37A46C1C850CFBAF" bold="true" box="[151,282,1085,1111]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Small to medium sized
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(body length,
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) with antennae of 17–23 articles, generally 20; 4–15 ocelli on each side; 2+2 moderately small sharp coxosternal teeth; tergites without posterior triangular projections; coxal pores 2–7, arranged in one row; females gonopod with 2+2 – 5+5 spurs, tarsus 1–tarsus 2 articulation of anterior legs (1st–13th) faint but sometime showing obvious flexion, legs 14 and 15 swollen in males; females gonopod with a more or less massive expansion on the dorsolateral ridge of the second article projecting backwards over the third article; males gonopod short and small, of a single article. According to
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, among other genera/subgenera of
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<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758634550F33CF6D018168FAC1" box="[1276,1406,1312,1337]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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is characterized chiefly by the massive expansion and projection of the dorsolateral ridge of the females gonopod (see also
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).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE657D8634550F37F66DB1816AF822" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="245B36F68634550F37F66DB18141F9E2" blockId="1.[151,1437,1085,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F37F66DB1857AFA52" bold="true" box="[197,364,1424,1450]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
<typeStatus id="FB5F88548634550F37F66DB18512FA52" box="[197,260,1424,1450]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
As no type-species was designated,
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758634550F341A6DB18076FA52" authority="Verhoeff, 1941" authorityName="Verhoeff" authorityYear="1941" box="[809,1120,1424,1450]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F341A6DB187B5FA51" box="[809,931,1424,1449]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Hessebius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078634550F349F6DB18076FA52" author="Verhoeff" box="[940,1120,1424,1450]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" refString="Verhoeff, K. W. (1941) Asyanin zoogeografiyasi ve hayvan sistematige hakkinda. Asiatische Beitrage. II. Turkische Chilopoden. Istambul Universitesi Orman Fakultesi Dergisi, 6 B, 85 - 117." type="journal article" year="1941">Verhoeff, 1941</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is actually an unavailable name (
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078634550F37DB6D948569FA37" author="Jeekel" box="[232,383,1461,1487]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" refString="Jeekel, C. A. W. (2005) Nomenclator generum et familiarum Chilopodorum: A list of the genus and family - group names in the Class Chilopoda from the 10 th edition of Linnaeus, 1758, to the end of 1957. Myriapod Memoranda. Supplement 1, 130 pp." type="book" year="2005">Jeekel 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 19;
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078634550F36896D94866FFA37" author="Zapparoli" box="[442,633,1461,1487]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" refString="Zapparoli, M. (2006) Lithobiidae. In: Minelli A. (Ed.), ChiloBase. A World Catalogue of Centipedes (Chilopoda). Available at http: // chilobase. bio. unipd. it / docs / chilobase. php [accessed August 2010]." type="book chapter" year="2006">Zapparoli 2006</bibRefCitation>
). In accordance with the diagnosis of the genus given by
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078634550F32006D9484FCFA0C" author="Verhoeff" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" refString="Verhoeff, K. W. (1941) Asyanin zoogeografiyasi ve hayvan sistematige hakkinda. Asiatische Beitrage. II. Turkische Chilopoden. Istambul Universitesi Orman Fakultesi Dergisi, 6 B, 85 - 117." type="journal article" year="1941">Verhoeff (1941)</bibRefCitation>
, we herewith select
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758634550F36D06DFA8799FA0C" authority="Verhoeff, 1941" authorityName="Verhoeff" authorityYear="1941" box="[483,911,1498,1524]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kosswigi">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F36D06DFA86D8FA0C" box="[483,718,1499,1524]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Hessebius kosswigi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078634550F35E56DFB8799FA0C" author="Verhoeff" box="[726,911,1498,1524]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" refString="Verhoeff, K. W. (1941) Asyanin zoogeografiyasi ve hayvan sistematige hakkinda. Asiatische Beitrage. II. Turkische Chilopoden. Istambul Universitesi Orman Fakultesi Dergisi, 6 B, 85 - 117." type="journal article" year="1941">Verhoeff, 1941</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, one of the two species originally included therein by the author, as
<typeStatus id="FB5F88548634550F36846E2185FFF9E2" box="[439,489,1536,1562]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758634550F355E6E2186F2F9E1" box="[621,740,1536,1561]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F355E6E2186F2F9E1" box="[621,740,1536,1561]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Hessebius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by subsequent designation, validating here the name.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245B36F68634550F37F66E04816AF822" blockId="1.[151,1437,1085,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F37F66E0485B3F9C7" bold="true" box="[197,421,1573,1599]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Assigned species.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758634550F369D6E0786E9F9C7" authority="Verhoeff, 1943" authorityName="Verhoeff" authorityYear="1943" box="[430,767,1573,1599]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F369D6E07862CF9C7" box="[430,570,1574,1599]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">H. armatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078634550F35716E0486E9F9C7" author="Verhoeff" box="[578,767,1573,1599]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" refString="Verhoeff, K. W. (1943) Uber Chilopoden der Turkei. III. Aufsatz. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 143, 116 - 140." type="journal article" year="1943">Verhoeff, 1943</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758634550F343F6E07805DF9C7" authority="Porat, 1893" authorityName="Porat" authorityYear="1893" box="[780,1099,1573,1599]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbipes">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F343F6E078788F9C7" box="[780,926,1574,1599]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">H. barbipes</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078634550F34836E048055F9C7" author="Porat" box="[944,1091,1573,1599]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" refString="Porat, C. O. Von (1893) Myriopodes recoltes en Syrie par le Docteur Theodore Barrois. Revue Biologique du Nord de la France, 6, 62 - 79." type="journal article" year="1893">Porat, 1893</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758634550F334B6E078150F9C7" authority="Ve" authorityName="Ve" box="[1144,1350,1573,1599]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hatayensis">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F334B6E078137F9C7" box="[1144,1313,1574,1599]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">H. hatayensis</emphasis>
Ve
</taxonomicName>
r h o e ff, 1941?; =
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758634550F363B6E6A8736F99C" authority="Verhoeff, 1941" authorityName="Verhoeff" authorityYear="1941" box="[264,800,1610,1636]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="hatayensis" subSpecies="membranaceus">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F363B6E6A8675F99C" box="[264,611,1611,1636]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">H. hatayensis membranaceus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078634550F35586E6B8736F99C" author="Verhoeff" box="[619,800,1610,1636]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" refString="Verhoeff, K. W. (1941) Asyanin zoogeografiyasi ve hayvan sistematige hakkinda. Asiatische Beitrage. II. Turkische Chilopoden. Istambul Universitesi Orman Fakultesi Dergisi, 6 B, 85 - 117." type="journal article" year="1941">Verhoeff, 1941</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
?; =
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758634550F34616E6A87F3F99C" box="[850,997,1611,1636]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kosswigii">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F34616E6A87F3F99C" box="[850,997,1611,1636]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">H. kosswigii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[sic]
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078634550F331A6E6B80CDF99C" author="Verhoeff" box="[1065,1243,1610,1636]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" refString="Verhoeff, K. W. (1941) Asyanin zoogeografiyasi ve hayvan sistematige hakkinda. Asiatische Beitrage. II. Turkische Chilopoden. Istambul Universitesi Orman Fakultesi Dergisi, 6 B, 85 - 117." type="journal article" year="1941">Verhoeff, 1941</bibRefCitation>
? [non
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758634550F321F6E6A85E0F972" authority="Chamberlin, 1952" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1952" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Lithobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kosswigi">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F321F6E6A8512F971" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Lithobius kosswigi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078634550F363F6E5185E0F972" author="Chamberlin" box="[268,502,1648,1674]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" refString="Chamberlin, R. V. &amp; Wang, Y. H. M. (1952) Some records and descriptions of chilopods from Japan and other oriental areas. Proceeding of the Biological Society of Washington, 65, 177 - 188." type="journal article" year="1952">Chamberlin, 1952</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
]; =
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758634550F35146E51803DF972" authority="Matic &amp; Stauropulos, 1990" authorityName="Matic &amp; Stauropulos" authorityYear="1990" box="[551,1067,1648,1674]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="matsakisi">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F35146E5186D3F971" box="[551,709,1648,1673]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">H. matsakisi</emphasis>
Matic &amp; Stauropulos, 1990
</taxonomicName>
; =
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758634550F33606E5185A9F957" authority="Verhoeff, 1925" authorityName="Verhoeff" authorityYear="1925" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Lithobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pachypus" subGenus="Archilithobius">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F33606E5180DCF971" box="[1107,1226,1648,1673]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Lithobius</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F33ED6E518184F971" box="[1246,1426,1648,1673]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Archilithobius</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F37A46EB78510F957" box="[151,262,1686,1711]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">pachypus</emphasis>
Verhoeff, 1925
</taxonomicName>
; =
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758634550F36D06EB78789F957" authority="Chamberlin, 1952" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1952" box="[483,927,1685,1711]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Archeobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phanus">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F36D06EB786D2F957" box="[483,708,1686,1711]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Archeobius phanus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078634550F35F86EB48789F957" author="Chamberlin" box="[715,927,1685,1711]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" refString="Chamberlin, R. V. &amp; Wang, Y. H. M. (1952) Some records and descriptions of chilopods from Japan and other oriental areas. Proceeding of the Biological Society of Washington, 65, 177 - 188." type="journal article" year="1952">Chamberlin, 1952</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[non
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758634550F34D06EB78199F957" authority="Chamberlin, 1941" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1941" box="[995,1423,1685,1711]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Nadabius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phanus">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F34D06EB780A6F957" box="[995,1200,1686,1711]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Nadabius phanus</emphasis>
Chamberlin, 1941
</taxonomicName>
]; =
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758634550F379C6E9A85FBF92C" authority="Newport, 1845" authorityName="Newport" authorityYear="1845" box="[175,493,1722,1748]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Lithobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="platypus">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F379C6E9A8524F92C" box="[175,306,1723,1748]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">L. platypus</emphasis>
Newport, 1845
</taxonomicName>
? [non
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758634550F350D6E9A87F0F92C" authority="Chamberlin, 1941" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1941" box="[574,998,1722,1748]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Arebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="platypus">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F350D6E9A8715F92C" box="[574,771,1723,1748]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Arebius platypus</emphasis>
Chamberlin, 1941
</taxonomicName>
]; =
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758634550F33206E9A8169F92C" authority="Zalesskaja, 1978" authorityName="Zalesskaja" authorityYear="1978" box="[1043,1407,1722,1748]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="procurvus">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F33206E9A80BBF92C" box="[1043,1197,1723,1748]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">H. procurvus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078634550F33866E9B8169F92C" author="Zalesskaja" box="[1205,1407,1722,1748]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" refString="Zalesskaja, N. T. (1978) Identification book of the lithobiomorph centipedes of the USSR (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha). Nauka publ., Moscow, 211 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1978">Zalesskaja, 1978</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; =
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758634550F37A46EC1868FF902" authority="Verhoeff, 1941" authorityName="Verhoeff" authorityYear="1941" box="[151,665,1760,1786]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Lithobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vosseleri" subGenus="Oligobothrus">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F37A46EC184B9F901" box="[151,175,1760,1785]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">L.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F37F26EC18549F901" box="[193,351,1760,1785]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Oligobothrus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F36426EC185CDF901" box="[369,475,1760,1785]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">vosseleri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078634550F36D06EC1868FF902" author="Verhoeff" box="[483,665,1760,1786]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" refString="Verhoeff, K. W. (1941) Asyanin zoogeografiyasi ve hayvan sistematige hakkinda. Asiatische Beitrage. II. Turkische Chilopoden. Istambul Universitesi Orman Fakultesi Dergisi, 6 B, 85 - 117." type="journal article" year="1941">Verhoeff, 1941</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
?; =
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758634550F35FF6EC1876BF901" box="[716,893,1760,1786]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Lithobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vossleri" subGenus="Archilithobius">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F35FF6EC186F2F901" box="[716,740,1760,1785]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">L.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F35C56EC18719F901" box="[758,783,1760,1785]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">A.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F34126EC1876BF901" box="[801,893,1760,1785]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">vossleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758634550F34B56EC180C2F902" authority="Silvestri, 1929" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1929" box="[902,1236,1760,1786]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" rank="variety" variety="propitia">
var.
<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F34896EC1800FF901" box="[954,1049,1760,1785]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">propitia</emphasis>
Silvestri, 1929
</taxonomicName>
);
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758634550F33DA6EC18548F8E7" authority="Verhoeff, 1942" authorityName="Verhoeff" authorityYear="1942" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jangtseanus">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F33DA6EC1818DF901" box="[1257,1435,1760,1785]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">H. jangtseanus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078634550F37AD6F248543F8E7" author="Verhoeff" box="[158,341,1797,1823]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" refString="Verhoeff, K. W. (1942) Chilopoden aus innerasiatischen Hochgebirgen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 137, 35 - 52." type="journal article" year="1942">Verhoeff, 1942</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758634550F36586F278725F8E7" authority="Ma, Pei &amp; Zhu, 2009" authorityName="Ma, Pei &amp; Zhu" authorityYear="2009" box="[363,819,1797,1823]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispinipes">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F36586F27863DF8E7" box="[363,555,1798,1823]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">H. longispinipes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078634550F35006F248725F8E7" author="Ma" box="[563,819,1797,1823]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" refString="Ma, H. Q., Pei, S. J. &amp; Zhu, M. S. (2009) A new species of the Genus Hessebius Verhoeff, 1941 (Lithobiomorpha: Lithobiidae). Entomological News, 20, 195 - 200." type="journal article" year="2009">Ma, Pei &amp; Zhu, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F340C6F27874AF8E7" box="[831,860,1798,1823]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">H.</emphasis>
(?)
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758634550F34BF6F2780FFF8E7" authority="Muralevitch, 1907" authorityName="Muralevitch" authorityYear="1907" box="[908,1257,1797,1823]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Lithobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megapus">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F34BF6F2787E2F8E7" box="[908,1012,1798,1823]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">megapus</emphasis>
(Muralevitch, 1907)
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758634550F32276F278668F8BC" authority="Folkmanova &amp; Dobroruka, 1960" authorityName="Folkmanova &amp; Dobroruka" authorityYear="1960" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Lithobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="megapus" subSpecies="bidens">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F32276F2784F0F8BC" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">L. megapus bidens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078634550F37DD6F0B8668F8BC" author="Folkmanova" box="[238,638,1834,1860]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" refString="Folkmanova, B. &amp; Dobroruka, L. J. (1960) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Chilopoda der UdSSR. Zoologichesckii Zhurnal, 39, 1811 - 1818. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1960">Folkmanová &amp; Dobroruka, 1960</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
);
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758634550F35A76F0A8072F8BC" authority="Folkmanova, 1958" authorityName="Folkmanova" authorityYear="1958" box="[660,1124,1834,1860]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multicalcaratus">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F35A76F0A8761F8BC" box="[660,887,1835,1860]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">H. multicalcaratus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078634550F344C6F0B8072F8BC" author="Folkmanova" box="[895,1124,1834,1860]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" refString="Folkmanova, B. (1958) Uber neue Formen der Chilopoda aus UdSSR. Zoologichesckii Zhurnal, 37, 183 - 192. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1958">Folkmanová, 1958</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758634550F33426F0A8573F892" authority="Folkmanova &amp; Dobroruka, 1960" authorityName="Folkmanova &amp; Dobroruka" authorityYear="1960" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F33426F0A80C8F8BC" box="[1137,1246,1835,1860]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">H. major</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078634550F33D46F0B8573F892" author="Folkmanova" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" refString="Folkmanova, B. &amp; Dobroruka, L. J. (1960) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Chilopoda der UdSSR. Zoologichesckii Zhurnal, 39, 1811 - 1818. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1960">Folkmanová &amp; Dobroruka, 1960</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[non
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758634550F369E6F718749F892" authority="Chamberlin, 1941" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1941" box="[429,863,1872,1898]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Labrobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F369E6F71866FF891" box="[429,633,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Labrobius major</emphasis>
Chamberlin, 1941
</taxonomicName>
; non
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758634550F34916F718174F892" authority="Chamberlin, 1925" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1925" box="[930,1378,1872,1898]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Nampabius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F34916F71806AF891" box="[930,1148,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Nampabius major</emphasis>
Chamberlin, 1925
</taxonomicName>
; non
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758634550F37A46F578729F877" authority="Folkmanov &amp; Dobroruka, 1960" authorityName="Folkmanov &amp; Dobroruka" authorityYear="1960" box="[151,831,1909,1935]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Lithobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="porathi" subSpecies="major">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F37A46F5785A0F877" box="[151,438,1910,1935]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Lithobius porathi major</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078634550F368D6F548729F877" author="Folkmanov" box="[446,831,1909,1935]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" refString="Folkmanova, B. &amp; Dobroruka, L. J. (1960) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Chilopoda der UdSSR. Zoologichesckii Zhurnal, 39, 1811 - 1818. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1960">Folkmanov &amp; Dobroruka, 1960</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
];
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758634550F34606F578031F877" box="[851,1063,1910,1935]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multiforaminis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F34606F578031F877" box="[851,1063,1910,1935]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">H. multiforaminis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F33036F548099F877" bold="true" box="[1072,1167,1909,1935]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DA3579F8634550F33036F548099F877" box="[1072,1167,1909,1935]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(described below);
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758634550F324C6F5785AAF84C" authority="Zalesskaja, 1978" authorityName="Zalesskaja" authorityYear="1978" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perelae">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F324C6F5784F8F84C" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">H. perelae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078634550F37C76FBB85AAF84C" author="Zalesskaja" box="[244,444,1946,1972]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" refString="Zalesskaja, N. T. (1978) Identification book of the lithobiomorph centipedes of the USSR (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha). Nauka publ., Moscow, 211 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1978">Zalesskaja, 1978</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758634550F36F46FBA872CF84C" authority="Zalesskaja, 1978" authorityName="Zalesskaja" authorityYear="1978" box="[455,826,1946,1972]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pervagatus">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F36F46FBA867AF84C" box="[455,620,1947,1972]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">H. pervagatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078634550F35406FBB872CF84C" author="Zalesskaja" box="[627,826,1946,1972]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" refString="Zalesskaja, N. T. (1978) Identification book of the lithobiomorph centipedes of the USSR (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha). Nauka publ., Moscow, 211 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1978">Zalesskaja, 1978</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758634550F34756FBA80B5F84C" authority="Zalesskaja, 1978" authorityName="Zalesskaja" authorityYear="1978" box="[838,1187,1946,1972]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plumatus">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F34756FBA87C2F84C" box="[838,980,1947,1972]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">H. plumatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078634550F34E86FBB80B5F84C" author="Zalesskaja" box="[987,1187,1946,1972]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" refString="Zalesskaja, N. T. (1978) Identification book of the lithobiomorph centipedes of the USSR (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha). Nauka publ., Moscow, 211 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1978">Zalesskaja, 1978</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758634550F339D6FBA84CDF822" authority="Loksa, 1978" authorityName="Loksa" authorityYear="1978" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Schizotergitius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="styliferus" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F339D6FBA812AF84C" box="[1198,1340,1947,1972]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">H. styliferus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078634550F32786FBB84C5F822" author="Loksa" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" refString="Loksa, I. (1978) Chilopoden aus der Mongolei (Arthropoda: Tracheata: Chilopoda). Annales Historico - Naturales Musaei Nationalis Hungarici, 70, 111 - 120." type="journal article" year="1978">Loksa, 1978</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="1690EAE48634550F37D06FE1855BF822" bold="true" box="[227,333,1984,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DA3579F8634550F37D06FE1855BF822" box="[227,333,1984,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
[synonyms according to
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078634550F35466FE18720F822" author="Zalesskaja" box="[629,822,1984,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" refString="Zalesskaja, N. T. (1978) Identification book of the lithobiomorph centipedes of the USSR (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha). Nauka publ., Moscow, 211 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1978">Zalesskaja 1978</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078634550F34716FE187D8F822" author="Eason" box="[834,974,1984,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" refString="Eason, E. H. (1981) On some new and little known southern Asiatic species of Lithobiidae (Chilopoda, Lithobiomorpha). Entomologica scandinavica, 12, 327 - 338." type="journal article" year="1981">Eason 1981</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078634550F34E96FE18001F822" author="Eason" box="[986,1047,1984,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" refString="Eason, E. H. (1983) The identity of the European and Mediterranean species of Lithobiidae (Chilopoda) described by K. W. Verhoeff and now represented by material preserved in the British Museum (Natural History). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 77, 111 - 144." type="journal article" year="1983">1983</bibRefCitation>
, 1992;
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078634550F335D6FE18132F822" author="Zapparoli" box="[1134,1316,1984,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" refString="Zapparoli, M. (1999) The present knowledge on the centipede fauna of Anatolia (Chilopoda). Biogeographia, Lavori della Societa Italiana di Biogeografia, Nuova Serie, 20, 105 - 177." type="journal article" year="1999">Zapparoli 1999</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078634550F32036FE18167F822" author="Zapparoli" box="[1328,1393,1984,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" refString="Zapparoli, M. (2006) Lithobiidae. In: Minelli A. (Ed.), ChiloBase. A World Catalogue of Centipedes (Chilopoda). Available at http: // chilobase. bio. unipd. it / docs / chilobase. php [accessed August 2010]." type="book chapter" year="2006">2006</bibRefCitation>
].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

253
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<mods:title id="A44ACB2A5ED3A9260B0610ED1E8E1AE6">A review of the Chinese species of Hessebius Verhoeff, 1941 (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha: Lithobiidae)</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="6CFE657D8636550D37A4690C86F7FEBF" box="[151,737,301,327]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="245B36F68636550D37A4690C86F7FEBF" blockId="3.[151,737,301,362]" box="[151,737,301,327]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
<heading id="7F13819A8636550D37A4690C86F7FEBF" bold="true" box="[151,737,301,327]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" reason="1">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48636550D37A4690C86F7FEBF" bold="true" box="[151,737,301,327]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
2.
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758636550D3787690C86F7FEBF" authority="Ma, Pei &amp; Zhu, 2009" authorityName="Ma, Pei &amp; Zhu" authorityYear="2009" box="[180,737,301,327]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispinipes">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48636550D3787690C85C3FEBF" bold="true" box="[180,469,301,327]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Hessebius longispinipes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078636550D36EF690C86F7FEBF" author="Ma" box="[476,737,301,327]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" refString="Ma, H. Q., Pei, S. J. &amp; Zhu, M. S. (2009) A new species of the Genus Hessebius Verhoeff, 1941 (Lithobiomorpha: Lithobiidae). Entomological News, 20, 195 - 200." type="journal article" year="2009">Ma, Pei &amp; Zhu, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE657D8636550D37A46971862FFE92" box="[151,569,336,362]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" type="description">
<paragraph id="245B36F68636550D37A46971862FFE92" blockId="3.[151,737,301,362]" box="[151,569,336,362]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078636550D37A46971859BFE92" author="Ma" box="[151,397,336,362]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" refString="Ma, H. Q., Pei, S. J. &amp; Zhu, M. S. (2009) A new species of the Genus Hessebius Verhoeff, 1941 (Lithobiomorpha: Lithobiidae). Entomological News, 20, 195 - 200." type="journal article" year="2009">Ma, Pei &amp; Zhu 2009</bibRefCitation>
: 195, figs 1–7.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE657D8636550D37A469BB86EAFA47" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="245B36F68636550D37A469BB8073FD42" blockId="3.[151,1437,410,772]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48636550D37A469BB8501FE4C" bold="true" box="[151,279,410,436]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Body length 10.7–12.6 mm, antennae composed of 17–19 articles, commonly 18+18; 6 ocelli on each side arranged in 2 horizontal rows; Tömösváry’s organ moderately large, rounded, almost equal to the adjoining ocelli; 2+2 moderately small sharp coxosternal teeth; porodont feebly slender, posterolateral to lateral tooth; all tergites without sharp posterior triangular projections; legs 14 and 15 thicker than anterior ones in female, still more in male; coxal pores 2–5, ovate to round, arranged in one row; female gonopods with 2+2 moderately thick, bullet–shaped spurs, second article with a long terminal thorn pointing backwards; apical claw simple, with two unconspicuous basal lateral denticles; male gonopods short and small, only a small hemispherical bulge, with 2 long setae on the surface, tip slightly sclerotised.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245B36F68636550D37F66AE480AAFCFC" blockId="3.[151,1437,410,772]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48636550D37F66AE48572FD27" bold="true" box="[197,356,709,735]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Spinulation.</emphasis>
Owing to a misprint, legs spinulation of
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758636550D34566AE48026FD26" box="[869,1072,709,734]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispinipes">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48636550D34566AE48026FD26" box="[869,1072,709,734]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">H. longispinipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not been included in the original description of this species (
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078636550D350B6ACB86FFFCFC" author="Ma" box="[568,745,746,772]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" refString="Ma, H. Q., Pei, S. J. &amp; Zhu, M. S. (2009) A new species of the Genus Hessebius Verhoeff, 1941 (Lithobiomorpha: Lithobiidae). Entomological News, 20, 195 - 200." type="journal article" year="2009">
Ma
<emphasis id="1690EAE48636550D355B6ACB86B5FCFB" box="[616,675,746,771]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
). This data is reported here as in
<tableCitation id="6966034D8636550D335F6ACB80A1FCFC" box="[1132,1207,746,772]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,239,820,844]" captionText="TABLE 2. Hessebius longispinipes Ma, Pei &amp; Zhu, 2009: leg spinulation; letters in brackets indicate variable spines. leg pairs ventral dorsal" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Tab. 2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="709B667E8636550D37A46B15878BFC87" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
<paragraph id="245B36F68636550D37A46B15878BFC87" blockId="3.[151,1401,820,1236]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48636550D37A46B15851EFCB4" bold="true" box="[151,264,820,844]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758636550D36236B1486E8FCB4" authority="Ma, Pei &amp; Zhu, 2009" authorityName="Ma, Pei &amp; Zhu" authorityYear="2009" box="[272,766,821,844]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispinipes">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48636550D36236B148607FCB4" box="[272,529,821,844]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Hessebius longispinipes</emphasis>
Ma, Pei &amp; Zhu, 2009
</taxonomicName>
: leg spinulation; letters in brackets indicate variable spines. leg pairs ventral dorsal
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="245B36F68636550D361E6BB3873AFA8C" blockId="3.[151,1401,820,1236]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,1333,2031]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
C t P F T C t P F T 1–6 – – p amp am – – (a)p ap ap 7–8 – – p amp am – – ap ap ap 9–10 – – p amp am a – ap ap ap 11 – – p amp am a – amp ap ap 12–13 – – p amp am a – amp p p 14 – m amp am a a – amp p p 15 – m amp am – a – amp p –
<emphasis id="1690EAE48636550D37F66D14857DFAB7" bold="true" box="[197,363,1333,1359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Distribution.</emphasis>
Only known from the
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locality:
<collectingCountry id="5CF376668636550D34036D14876AFAB7" box="[816,892,1333,1359]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">China</collectingCountry>
, Barkor County, Hami City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,
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(
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Ma
<emphasis id="1690EAE48636550D35AD6D7A86CEFA8C" box="[670,728,1371,1396]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245B36F68636550D37F66D5E86EAFA47" blockId="3.[151,1437,1333,2031]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48636550D37F66D5E8583FA61" bold="true" box="[197,405,1407,1433]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Ecological notes.</emphasis>
The species was collected in taiga; it inhabits moderately moist and abundant in organic matter soil; under stones, at
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above sea level.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE657D8636550A37F66DEB8630FE4F" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="245B36F68636550D37F66DEB8566F8CC" blockId="3.[151,1437,1333,2031]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48636550D37F66DEB8529FA1C" bold="true" box="[197,319,1482,1508]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Remarks.</emphasis>
In a paper on Mongolian centipedes,
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078636550D34356DEB87B0FA1C" author="Loksa" box="[774,934,1482,1508]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" refString="Loksa, I. (1978) Chilopoden aus der Mongolei (Arthropoda: Tracheata: Chilopoda). Annales Historico - Naturales Musaei Nationalis Hungarici, 70, 111 - 120." type="journal article" year="1978">Loksa (1978)</bibRefCitation>
described the new species
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758636550D33DF6DEA8515F9F1" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Schizotergitius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="styliferus">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48636550D33DF6DEA8515F9F1" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Schizotergitius styliferus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, based on material from “Bajanchongor aimak [= province]: Cagen Bodg ul Gebirge, Quelle Toorin bulag,
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O vom Grenzposten Caganbulag im Cagan Bogd ul Gebirge,
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” (1 Ƥ,
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) and “Gobi Altaj aimak [= province]: zwischen Schargyn Gobi und Beger nuur, cca
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O von Somon Chalium, Chuural cacran,
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” (1 3, 1 Ƥ,
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), in south-west
<collectingCountry id="5CF376668636550D34416E4187FEF982" box="[882,1000,1632,1658]" name="Mongolia" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
. This species is known only from the
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specimens. Although
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<emphasis id="1690EAE48636550D36E16EA48628F966" box="[466,574,1669,1694]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">styliferus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been originally assigned to the Central Asiatic genus
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758636550D33DD6EA4855EF93C" authority="Verhoeff, 1930" authorityName="Verhoeff" authorityYear="1930" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Schizotergitius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48636550D33DD6EA4818DF966" box="[1262,1435,1669,1694]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Schizotergitius</emphasis>
Verhoeff, 1930
</taxonomicName>
, it clearly belongs to
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<emphasis id="1690EAE48636550D35706E8A86ACF93C" box="[579,698,1707,1732]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Hessebius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078636550D35F26E8B8766F93C" author="Verhoeff" box="[705,880,1706,1732]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" refString="Verhoeff, K. W. (1941) Asyanin zoogeografiyasi ve hayvan sistematige hakkinda. Asiatische Beitrage. II. Turkische Chilopoden. Istambul Universitesi Orman Fakultesi Dergisi, 6 B, 85 - 117." type="journal article" year="1941">Verhoeff, 1941</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="1690EAE48636550D34B26E8B8041F93C" bold="true" box="[897,1111,1706,1732]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">new combination</emphasis>
) by the shape of the female gonopods (see
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078636550D36636EF185F3F912" author="Loksa" box="[336,485,1744,1770]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" refString="Loksa, I. (1978) Chilopoden aus der Mongolei (Arthropoda: Tracheata: Chilopoda). Annales Historico - Naturales Musaei Nationalis Hungarici, 70, 111 - 120." type="journal article" year="1978">Loksa 1978</bibRefCitation>
: figs 27, 29). The other characters reported in the original description of this species also agree well with the diagnosis of
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<emphasis id="1690EAE48636550D35FF6ED4875FF8F6" box="[716,841,1781,1806]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Hessebius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
here reported and those of
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078636550D33926ED48171F8F7" author="Verhoeff" box="[1185,1383,1781,1807]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" refString="Verhoeff, K. W. (1941) Asyanin zoogeografiyasi ve hayvan sistematige hakkinda. Asiatische Beitrage. II. Turkische Chilopoden. Istambul Universitesi Orman Fakultesi Dergisi, 6 B, 85 - 117." type="journal article" year="1941">Verhoeff (1941)</bibRefCitation>
and
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245B36F68636550D37F66F6185E8F817" blockId="3.[151,1437,1333,2031]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758636550D37F66F618541F8A1" box="[197,343,1856,1881]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Schizotergitius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="styliferus">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48636550D37F66F618541F8A1" box="[197,343,1856,1881]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">H. styliferus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems also strictly related to
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758636550D358E6F618797F8A1" box="[701,897,1856,1881]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispinipes">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48636550D358E6F618797F8A1" box="[701,897,1856,1881]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">H. longispinipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<tableCitation id="6966034D8636550D34A16F6187C9F8A2" box="[914,991,1856,1882]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,242,451,475]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,607,1923]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 4. Range and main morphological characters of Sino – Mongolian species of Hessebius Verhoeff, 1941: H." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/709B667E8632550937A469E2818BFE23" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" tableUuid="709B667E8632550937A469E2818BFE23">Tab. 4</tableCitation>
) and probably they belong to a same group of species. Both share morphological characters such as the general size, the number and arrangement of the ocelli, the shape of the coxosternum and porodont, the number and shape of the spurs of the female gonopods, the characteristic shape of the dorsal terminal part of the second article of the female gonopods, strongly extending backwards.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245B36F68631550A37F668B98630FE4F" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,439]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
They differ in characters such as the number of antennal articles, 17+17–19+
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<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758631550A33F968B98182FF49" box="[1226,1428,152,177]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispinipes">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48631550A33F968B98182FF49" box="[1226,1428,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">H. longispinipes</emphasis>
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, 20+
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<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758631550A363B689C8581FF2E" box="[264,407,189,214]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stilyferus">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48631550A363B689C8581FF2E" box="[264,407,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">H. stilyferus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and in some detail of the spinulation of legs, chiefly the presence of DaC on legs
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<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758631550A378768C38562FF03" box="[180,372,226,251]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispinipes">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48631550A378768C38562FF03" box="[180,372,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">H. longispinipes</emphasis>
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, on legs
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<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758631550A357A68C386CFFF03" box="[585,729,226,251]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Schizotergitius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="styliferus">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48631550A357A68C386CFFF03" box="[585,729,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">H. styliferus</emphasis>
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, and the VmF in all the legs in
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758631550A337568C38113FF03" box="[1094,1285,226,251]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispinipes">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48631550A337568C38113FF03" box="[1094,1285,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">H. longispinipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, only in legs
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<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758631550A363F692985B3FED9" box="[268,421,264,289]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Schizotergitius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="styliferus">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48631550A363F692985B3FED9" box="[268,421,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">H. styliferus</emphasis>
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. Both characters may show however some variation in
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758631550A336E692980E6FEDA" box="[1117,1264,264,290]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lithobiidae</taxonomicName>
; in
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758631550A322C6929818AFED9" box="[1311,1436,264,289]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48631550A322C6929818AFED9" box="[1311,1436,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Hessebius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
variation in spinulation has been documented in
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758631550A35D2690C8779FEBE" box="[737,879,301,326]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbipes">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48631550A35D2690C8779FEBE" box="[737,879,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">H. barbipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078631550A34AE690C8028FEBF" author="Eason" box="[925,1086,301,327]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" refString="Eason, E. H. (1981) On some new and little known southern Asiatic species of Lithobiidae (Chilopoda, Lithobiomorpha). Entomologica scandinavica, 12, 327 - 338." type="journal article" year="1981">Eason (1981)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078631550A334A690C818EFEBF" author="Negrea" box="[1145,1432,301,327]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" refString="Negrea, S. &amp; Matic, Z. (1995) Etude comparative de la variabilite des trois populations de Hessebius barbipes (Porat, 1893) (Chilopoda: Lithobiidae). Soil Fauna of Israel, 1, 29 - 39." type="journal article" year="1995">Negrea &amp; Matic (1995)</bibRefCitation>
. Worth notice is that the collecting sites of
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758631550A359469738756FE93" box="[679,832,338,363]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Schizotergitius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="styliferus">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48631550A359469738756FE93" box="[679,832,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">H. styliferus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are ca
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far one from another and
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southwestward from the only locality known of
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758631550A35F469598790FE69" box="[711,902,376,401]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispinipes">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48631550A35F469598790FE69" box="[711,902,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">H. longispinipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Therefore, the relationships between the two taxa deserve further investigation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

249
data/AC/4D/87/AC4D87E08637550D37A468B68612FF2F.xml Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
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<mods:namePart id="CD1DA979A671C34F0D5791B17F100985">Zapparoli, Marzio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="75021AED8D346B0B14A0E36F660EFE0E">Zhu, Mingsheng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="270A5BB19883AB143BAEA3CB76D95491">2010</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="245B36F68637550C37A468B68680FF49" blockId="2.[151,662,151,177]" box="[151,662,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
<heading id="7F13819A8637550C37A468B68680FF49" bold="true" box="[151,662,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" reason="1">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48637550C37A468B68680FF49" bold="true" box="[151,662,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
<key id="507561C78637550C37A468B68680FF49" box="[151,662,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
<keyStep id="9F102E538637550C37A468B68680FF49" box="[151,662,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
<keyLead id="9F1595C38637550C37A468B68680FF49" box="[151,662,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
1.
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758637550C378768B68680FF49" ID-CoL="3L68S" authority="Verhoeff, 1942" authorityName="Verhoeff" authorityYear="1942" box="[180,662,151,177]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jangtseanus">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48637550C378768B685D0FF49" bold="true" box="[180,454,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Hessebius jangtseanus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078637550C36E668B68698FF49" author="Verhoeff" box="[469,654,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refString="Verhoeff, K. W. (1942) Chilopoden aus innerasiatischen Hochgebirgen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 137, 35 - 52." type="journal article" year="1942">Verhoeff, 1942</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</keyStep>
</key>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE657D8637550C37A468C1873CFEAF" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="245B36F68637550C37A468C18705FF0F" blockId="2.[151,856,224,343]" box="[151,787,224,247]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="04F411D88637550C37A468C18705FF0F" box="[151,787,224,247]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758637550C37A468C186AAFF0F" authority="Verhoeff 1942: 46" authorityName="Verhoeff" authorityPageNumber="46" authorityYear="1942" box="[151,700,224,247]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Lithobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jangtseanus" subGenus="Paobius">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48637550C37A468C184EAFF0F" box="[151,252,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Lithobius</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="1690EAE48637550C363868C18574FF0F" box="[267,354,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Paobius</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="1690EAE48637550C364168C185E4FF0F" box="[370,498,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">jangtseanus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="A54510E78637550C36CB68C186AAFF0F" author="Verhoeff" box="[504,700,224,247]" page="46" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" year="1942">
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078637550C36CB68C18683FF0F" author="Verhoeff" box="[504,661,224,247]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refString="Verhoeff, K. W. (1942) Chilopoden aus innerasiatischen Hochgebirgen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 137, 35 - 52." type="journal article" year="1942">Verhoeff 1942</bibRefCitation>
: 46
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, fig. 14.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758637550C37A469218653FEEF" ID-CoL="3L68S" authority="Verhoeff, 1942" authorityName="Verhoeff" authorityYear="1942" box="[151,581,256,279]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jangtseanus">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48637550C37A46921859FFEEF" box="[151,393,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Hessebius jangtseanus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078637550C36A46921862BFEEF" author="Verhoeff" box="[407,573,256,279]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refString="Verhoeff, K. W. (1942) Chilopoden aus innerasiatischen Hochgebirgen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 137, 35 - 52." type="journal article" year="1942">Verhoeff, 1942</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="A54510E78637550C357C69218713FEEF" author="Eason" box="[591,773,256,279]" page="191" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" year="1986">
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078637550C357C692186C6FEEF" author="Eason" box="[591,720,256,279]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refString="Eason, E. H. (1986) On the synonymy of Lithobius giganteus Sseliwanoff, 1881 and the taxonomic status of Porobius Attems, 1926 (Chilopoda). Annalen des naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 87 B, 181 - 192." type="journal article" year="1986">Eason 1986</bibRefCitation>
: 191
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245B36F68637550C37A46901873CFEAF" blockId="2.[151,856,224,343]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="04F411D88637550C37A46901873CFEAF" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758637550C37A46901863DFECF" authority="Verhoeff, 1942" authorityName="Verhoeff" authorityYear="1942" box="[151,555,288,311]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Lithobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jangtseanus">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48637550C37A469018597FECF" box="[151,385,288,311]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Lithobius jangtseanus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078637550C36BB6901863DFECF" author="Verhoeff" box="[392,555,288,311]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refString="Verhoeff, K. W. (1942) Chilopoden aus innerasiatischen Hochgebirgen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 137, 35 - 52." type="journal article" year="1942">Verhoeff, 1942</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="A54510E78637550C350569018743FECF" author="Wang" box="[566,853,288,311]" page="90" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" year="1996">
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078637550C35056901873AFECF" author="Wang" box="[566,812,288,311]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refString="Wang, D. Q. &amp; Mauries, J. P. (1996) Review and perspective of study on Myriapodology of China. Memoires du Museum national d`Histoire naturelle, 169, 81 - 99." type="journal article" year="1996">Wang &amp; Mauriès 1996</bibRefCitation>
: 90
</treatmentCitation>
. non
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758637550C37F6696185F1FEAF" authority="Verh." authorityName="Verh." box="[197,487,320,343]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Paobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jangtseanus">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48637550C37F6696185B4FEAF" box="[197,418,320,343]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Paobius jangtseanus</emphasis>
Verh.
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="A54510E78637550C36C2696186B0FEAF" author="Loksa" box="[497,678,320,343]" page="213" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" year="1965">
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078637550C36C269618667FEAF" author="Loksa" box="[497,625,320,343]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refString="Loksa, I. (1965) Zoologische Ergebnisse der Forschungen von Dr. Z. Kaszab in der Mongolei. 21. Chilopoda. Opuscula zoologica, 5, 199 - 215." type="journal article" year="1965">Loksa 1965</bibRefCitation>
: 213
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 55–62.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE657D8637550C37A469A480A8FE3C" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="245B36F68637550C37A469A480A8FE3C" blockId="2.[151,1437,388,863]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48637550C37A469A4859CFE67" bold="true" box="[151,394,389,415]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Material examined.</emphasis>
4 3, 4 ƤƤ,
<collectingCountry id="5CF376668637550C350269A4866CFE67" box="[561,634,389,415]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">China</collectingCountry>
, Sanshenggou, Wolong Town, Wenchuan County, Aba City, Sichuan Province,
<geoCoordinate id="41D050318637550C363E698B8579FE3C" box="[269,367,426,452]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" precision="925" value="31.4">31°24'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="41D050318637550C3645698B85F2FE3C" box="[374,484,426,452]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" precision="925" value="103.8">103°48'E</geoCoordinate>
, altitude range
<quantity id="E31C9B138637550C35AB698B872BFE3C" box="[664,829,426,452]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="3050.0" valueMax="3300.0" valueMin="2800.0">2800–3300 m</quantity>
,
<date id="505A10368637550C347B698B87F1FE3C" box="[840,999,426,452]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" value="2003-06-12">12 June 2003</date>
, leg. Chao Zhang.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE657D8637550C37F669EE807CF90C" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="245B36F68637550C37F669EE85B8FCA7" blockId="2.[151,1437,388,863]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48637550C37F669EE8552FE11" bold="true" box="[197,324,463,489]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Body length 6.9–10.7 mm, 14.0 mm in Verhoeff’s (1942) original description, antennae of 19– 22 articles, commonly 20+20; 9–12 ocelli moderately small, approximately equal in size arranged in 3 horizontal rows on each side, the posterior ocellus oval to round, comparatively large; Tömösváry’s organ moderately large, rounded, slightly bigger than the adjoining ocelli; 2+2 moderately sharp coxosternal teeth; porodont moderately thickset, posterolateral to lateral tooth; all tergites without sharp posterior triangular projections; legs 14 and 15 thicker than anterior ones in female, legs more thicker in male; coxal pores 4–6, ovate to round, arranged in one row; the first article of the female gonopods with 2+2 thick, bullet–shaped spurs, the second article of the female gonopods having a moderately feeble long terminal spur pointing backwards; apical claw simple, only with one small ventral triangular denticle; male gonopods short and small, only a small hemispherical bulge, with 1–2 long setae on the surface, tip slightly sclerotised. Leg spinulation as in
<tableCitation id="6966034D8637550C366D6B6485BEFCA7" box="[350,424,837,863]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,911,935]" captionText="TABLE 1. Hessebius jangtseanus (Verhoeff, 1942): leg spinulation; letters in brackets indicate variable spines. leg pairs ventral dorsal" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="709B667E8637550C37A46BAE87B7FC21" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
<paragraph id="245B36F68637550C37A46BAE87B7FC21" blockId="2.[151,1350,911,1369]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48637550C37A46BAE851EFC5F" bold="true" box="[151,264,911,935]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758637550C36236BB186A8FC5F" authority="Verhoeff, 1942" authorityName="Verhoeff" authorityYear="1942" box="[272,702,912,935]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jangtseanus">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48637550C36236BB18615FC5F" box="[272,515,912,935]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Hessebius jangtseanus</emphasis>
(Verhoeff, 1942)
</taxonomicName>
: leg spinulation; letters in brackets indicate variable spines. leg pairs ventral dorsal
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="245B36F68637550C36256BCC85EAF97C" blockId="2.[151,1350,911,1369]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,1455,2004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
C t P F T C t P F T 1 – – p am am – – p ap a 2 – – mp amp am – – p ap a 3–9 – – mp amp am – – ap ap ap 10 – – (a)mp amp am – – ap ap ap 11 – – (a)mp amp am – – amp ap ap 12 – – amp amp am – – amp ap ap 13–14 – m amp amp am a – amp ap ap 15 – m amp am a a – amp ap –
<emphasis id="1690EAE48637550C37F66D8E857FFA31" bold="true" box="[197,361,1455,1481]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758637550C36426D918633FA31" box="[369,549,1456,1481]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jangtseanus">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48637550C36426D918633FA31" box="[369,549,1456,1481]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">H. jangtseanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems to date confined to Central
<collectingCountry id="5CF376668637550C34FA6D918002FA32" box="[969,1044,1456,1482]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">China</collectingCountry>
, in the Sichuan region. The
<typeStatus id="FB5F88548637550C325A6D91818BFA32" box="[1385,1437,1456,1482]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">type</typeStatus>
specimens (3 ƤƤ) examined by Veroheff (1942: 47) were collected in “nördlich Yekundo [= Jyekundo (Yushu)] im Yangtsetale”. All the specimens here examined were collected in Sanshenggou, Wolong Town, Wenchuan County, Aba City, Sichuan Province,
<geoCoordinate id="41D050318637550C35E56E01872EF9C2" box="[726,824,1568,1594]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" precision="925" value="31.4">31°24'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="41D050318637550C340C6E0187B9F9C2" box="[831,943,1568,1594]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" precision="925" value="103.8">103°48'E</geoCoordinate>
. Records from
<collectingCountry id="5CF376668637550C33566E0180C1F9C2" box="[1125,1239,1568,1594]" name="Mongolia" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
published under
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758637550C37A46E648586F9A6" box="[151,400,1605,1630]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Paobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jangtseanus">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48637550C37A46E648586F9A6" box="[151,400,1605,1630]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Paobius jangtseanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078637550C368D6E648674F9A7" author="Loksa" box="[446,610,1605,1631]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refString="Loksa, I. (1965) Zoologische Ergebnisse der Forschungen von Dr. Z. Kaszab in der Mongolei. 21. Chilopoda. Opuscula zoologica, 5, 199 - 215." type="journal article" year="1965">Loksa (1965)</bibRefCitation>
, belong to
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758637550C35DA6E6480BBF9A7" authority="Seliwanoff, 1881" authorityName="Seliwanoff" authorityYear="1881" box="[745,1197,1605,1631]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Lithobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="giganteus">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48637550C35DA6E6487C0F9A6" box="[745,982,1605,1630]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Lithobius giganteus</emphasis>
Seliwanoff, 1881
</taxonomicName>
according to
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078637550C32606E6484FEF97C" author="Loksa" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refString="Loksa, I. (1978) Chilopoden aus der Mongolei (Arthropoda: Tracheata: Chilopoda). Annales Historico - Naturales Musaei Nationalis Hungarici, 70, 111 - 120." type="journal article" year="1978">Loksa (1978)</bibRefCitation>
; see also
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078637550C366B6E4B85EEF97C" author="Eason" box="[344,504,1642,1668]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refString="Eason, E. H. (1986) On the synonymy of Lithobius giganteus Sseliwanoff, 1881 and the taxonomic status of Porobius Attems, 1926 (Chilopoda). Annalen des naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 87 B, 181 - 192." type="journal article" year="1986">Eason (1986)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245B36F68637550C37F66EAE807CF90C" blockId="2.[151,1437,1455,2004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48637550C37F66EAE858FF951" bold="true" box="[197,409,1679,1705]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Ecological notes.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078637550C36916EB18686F952" author="Verhoeff" box="[418,656,1680,1706]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refString="Verhoeff, K. W. (1942) Chilopoden aus innerasiatischen Hochgebirgen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 137, 35 - 52." type="journal article" year="1942">Verhoeff (1942: 47)</bibRefCitation>
noticed this species in “Zwergbiotop mit Weidenberberitzen und Rhododendren” at
<quantity id="E31C9B138637550C36496E9485C2F937" box="[378,468,1717,1743]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="4300.0">4300 m</quantity>
above sea level. The specimens here examined were collected in forest of
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758637550C326F6E948530F90C" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mastersiana">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48637550C326F6E948530F90C" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Larix mastersiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in moderately moist soil under stones, altitudinal range
<quantity id="E31C9B138637550C34F36EFB8070F90C" box="[960,1126,1754,1780]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="3050.0" valueMax="3300.0" valueMin="2800.0">2800–3300 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CFE657D8637550D37F66EDE8612FF2F" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="245B36F68637550D37F66EDE8612FF2F" blockId="2.[151,1437,1455,2004]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,152,215]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48637550C37F66EDE8528F8E1" bold="true" box="[197,318,1791,1817]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Remarks.</emphasis>
The material here examined morphologically mostly agree with the original description of the species given by
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078637550C36536F04860DF8C7" author="Verhoeff" box="[352,539,1829,1855]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refString="Verhoeff, K. W. (1942) Chilopoden aus innerasiatischen Hochgebirgen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 137, 35 - 52." type="journal article" year="1942">Verhoeff (1942)</bibRefCitation>
except for the body size, 6.9–10.7 mm long in the new specimens, 14.0 mm long in the Verhoeff's specimens. Although the
<typeStatus id="FB5F88548637550C35FB6F6B86EDF89C" box="[712,763,1866,1892]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">type</typeStatus>
specimens of
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758637550C34966F6A8043F89C" box="[933,1109,1867,1892]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Paobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jangtseanus">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48637550C34966F6A8043F89C" box="[933,1109,1867,1892]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">H. jangtseanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has never been revised and their body length has never been confirmed, this differences in size is not surprising if we assume the
<typeStatus id="FB5F88548637550C325A6F51818BF872" box="[1385,1437,1904,1930]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">type</typeStatus>
specimens mature. Actually, differences in body size could be the expression of a variation in this character, as observed in other species of
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758637550C36C56F9A867BF82C" box="[502,621,1979,2004]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48637550C36C56F9A867BF82C" box="[502,621,1979,2004]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Hessebius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
such as
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758637550C35D16F9A877AF82C" box="[738,876,1979,2004]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbipes">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48637550C35D16F9A877AF82C" box="[738,876,1979,2004]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">H. barbipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which in Middle East populations body length range from near 12 to 19.5 mm (
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078636550D353C68B9868BFF4A" author="Eason" box="[527,669,152,178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" refString="Eason, E. H. (1981) On some new and little known southern Asiatic species of Lithobiidae (Chilopoda, Lithobiomorpha). Entomologica scandinavica, 12, 327 - 338." type="journal article" year="1981">Eason 1981</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="40754B078636550D359A68B987BDFF4A" author="Negrea" box="[681,939,152,178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" refString="Negrea, S. &amp; Matic, Z. (1995) Etude comparative de la variabilite des trois populations de Hessebius barbipes (Porat, 1893) (Chilopoda: Lithobiidae). Soil Fauna of Israel, 1, 29 - 39." type="journal article" year="1995">Negrea &amp; Matic 1995</bibRefCitation>
), or
<taxonomicName id="E3E44D758636550D34ED68B9806EFF49" box="[990,1144,152,177]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Hessebius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="procurvus">
<emphasis id="1690EAE48636550D34ED68B9806EFF49" box="[990,1144,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">H. procurvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from
<collectingCountry id="5CF376668636550D33F668B9817CFF4A" box="[1221,1386,152,178]" name="Turkmenistan" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Turkmenistan</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="E31C9B138636550D324668B984FCFF2F" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="23.0" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="18.0">18- 28 mm</quantity>
long (
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).
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1099">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1099">Wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas (SPS-T, SPS-RF, WLPS, VWLPS).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1099">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1099">
Frequent.
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. Thornhill 1064, 1151, 1157, 1162, 1218, 1219, 1241, 1243, 1244 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 541 (WNC!). [&lt;
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L. sensu RAB; =
<taxonomicName basionym-authority="(Walter) Britton, Sterns, &amp; Poggenb." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Andropogon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Andropogon glomeratus var. glomeratus" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1099" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="glomeratus" variety="glomeratus">Andropogon glomeratus (Walter) Britton, Sterns, &amp; Poggenb. var. glomeratus</taxonomicName>
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2
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<paragraph pageNumber="529">&quot;Habitat in Europae borealis sylvis.&quot; RCN: 4980.</paragraph>
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Haliday, 1835
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<paragraph id="3F420E7BC774033E260EDB89DC7150A9" pageId="0" pageNumber="7991">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7FE57CAA0F5E57C543EB42A741ED26E3" pageId="0" pageNumber="7991">Ireland</paragraph>
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86.
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<paragraph id="30ECEA0D2D18861E8806C22054D8F957" lastPageNumber="196" pageNumber="195">Soldat fast 5 Millim. lang, sulcaticeps sehr aehnlich, namentlich durch den hinten niedergedrueckten Kopf, und durch den Mangel einer Fuehlerrinne und den sehr breiten zweiten Knoten leicht zu unterscheiden, durch den letztern ueberhaupt vor allen andern Arten leicht kenntlich. Dunkel braunroth, Hinterleib schwarz mit lichterer Basis, Beine und die Fuehler theilweise braeunlich gelb. Der Koerper und besonders der Hinterleib glaenzend und ueberall mit gelben abstehenden Haerchen maessig besetzt. Kopf gross, viereckig, hinten maessig ausgerandet, in der Mitte hoch gewoelbt, am hintern Drittel niedergedrueckt. Clipeus vom schwarz gesaeumt, in der Mitte leicht ausgerandet, hinten glatt, glaenzend, vorn etwas laengsgerunzelt und punktirt mit einem kurzen Mittelkiel. Mandibeln an der Spitze gekerbt, glatt, glaenzend, zerstreut fein punktirt, Basis laengsgerunzelt. Der Kopf ist vorn fast bis zur Mitte des Hinterrands laengs-, an den Seiten verworren-, an den Hinterecken und am Hinterrand sehr grob verworren gerunzelt. Pronotum seitlich abgerundet, querrunzlig. Mesonotum mit ziemlich scharfem Querwulst (wie bei andern Arten auch). Das Metanotum ist viel tiefer gelegen als das Pronotum und endet in 2 kraeftige, nach hinten und aufwaerts gerichtete, etwas gebogene Dornen, die wenig kuerzer als die Basalflaeche sind. Das Stielchen (von oben angesehen) ist anfangs schmal, sodann ums Doppelte verbreitert und daselbst mit deutlichen Ecken 1); erst hinter diesen schwillt es zu einem Knoten an; dieser ist oben leicht ausgerandet mit deutlichen Seitenecken und an der Basis etwas eingedrueckt, wodurch die Seitenraender breiter erscheinen als er selbst. An der Unterseite sieht man eine transparente, wenig hohe, nach unten konvexe Laengsleiste. Der II. Knoten ist sehr breit, dreimal so breit als der erste, nach vorn halbkreisfoermig, an den Seiten eckig, hinten stark verengt. Das Abdomen ist an der Basis kurz laengsgestrichelt, sonst mit sehr zerstreuten, etwas erhabenen, haartragenden Punkten besetzt.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E2079DD5E869B5CB33AA72E1452BC431" pageNumber="196">Habitat? (vielleicht Ceilon.)</paragraph>
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Current name:
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<taxonomicName id="EDF7198DF29DE9C6D530B02B5F234604" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Sceptrophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="SCEPTROPHORUS" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">SCEPTROPHORUS</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="D03724A767003650AECA28E71FBBE02C" originalValue="Förster">Foerster</normalizedToken>
, 1856
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EF32C83F757E49053B5F649213E7C2B1" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013">
<taxonomicName id="C6863233BE966855789FF3626F7A934B" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Apentelicus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="APENTELICUS" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">APENTELICUS</taxonomicName>
Fullaway, 1913
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="156532AFEF429324A3FF3BBFE734F472" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013">
<taxonomicName id="301AF9E3B3303C7B721708C8C0F05333" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Paraphaenodiscoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="PARAPHAENODISCOIDES" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">PARAPHAENODISCOIDES</taxonomicName>
Mercet, 1921
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E6CC61987FDE95997C7F111400EB6784" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013">
<taxonomicName id="408286D7D96E1CB45B9C6EBECA620C5F" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Birous" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="BIROUS" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">BIROUS</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="C0CEBF268D94F8EB416534DBE654C3B5" originalValue="Erdös">Erdoes</normalizedToken>
&amp; Novicky, 1955
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6C13101CB9537190E630538C65768BA7" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" type="notes">
<paragraph id="8D7BD18529BC6650D840F36A35AFC8B7" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1EA6F9B4838610464E8AC003D8064433" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013">
Species of
<taxonomicName id="1B30A0CBE43C92A73021808CEC05942C" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Microterys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microterys" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Microterys</taxonomicName>
removed from the British and Irish list:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C6A6AAC462244AC3041A112F833B3AFC" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013">
[hortulanus
<normalizedToken id="EC302C79B9F19FA5CABB5005F50DA981" originalValue="Erdös">Erdoes</normalizedToken>
, 1956]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="47F94AF3AA893C3BD773B224F6F4C710" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013">
Recorded as new to Britain by
<bibRefCitation id="1D4F0F8297CF73BF64F0D4D14B3AA8B8" author="Japoshvili, G. O." journalOrPublisher="Entomological Review" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" pagination="298 - 304" title="New data on the European fauna of encyrtid wasps (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Encyrtidae)" volume="86" year="2006">Japoshvili and Noyes (2006)</bibRefCitation>
on the basis of a Welsh specimen but this was probably a misidentification.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>