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<mods:title id="92F7B03A7455F30C743D2CC806B01452">Diversity of Sand Snakes (Psammophiidae, Psammophis) in the Horn of Africa, with the description of a new species from Somalia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C9278C9804CF7023CB3DDEC48B5DD8B7">Smid, Jiri</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E67F057C54531E6E6F3006E4A30733B9">Department of Zoology, National Museum, Cirkusova 1740, Prague, Czech Republic & Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, Prague, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="ABF897D5960163B44E1A8E807CF9AF61" type="email">jirismd@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="33EA0E8A6CFBF4C61129086FB4BF5DDA">Fernandez, Sergio Matilla</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0A9BD1EF227A44A4A8EB129EE453A66D">Department of Zoology, National Museum, Cirkusova 1740, Prague, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8124E27FB72C47ACE0BEA1CB1AC4A485">Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CF84BEAC681B15D5B50777C544CEA370">Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, Prague, Czech Republic & Department of Biology, Amoud University, Boorama, Somaliland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BA6DD00FC73D14FCED0BE0199959D537">Mazuch, Tomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2B81C451C59ABD8F22FA497DF46F1986">Department of Forest Ecology, Mendel University, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="D8867E6400940A5ED082BD6534C548E6">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="AC163C4651DB5A75B010474138FFA177" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F1E4DC4C-D816-47A9-B9E1-1DAB56323E56" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC163C4651DB5A75B010474138FFA177" lastPageNumber="345" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">
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<taxonomicName id="6F77BF774F8FA9254857A7D458DB2640" LSID="https://zoobank.org/F1E4DC4C-D816-47A9-B9E1-1DAB56323E56" authority="Šmíd & Fernández & Elmi & Mazuch, 2023" authorityName="Šmíd & Fernández & Elmi & Mazuch" authorityYear="2023" class="Reptilia" family="Psammophiidae" genus="Psammophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psammophis cornusafricae" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cornusafricae" status="sp. nov.">Psammophis cornusafricae</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="78F8B764ADFCB39C6C542652CCE966CB" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<subSubSection id="FD5D1749CAE4CE3A4A017BCCBF570031" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="234F255F9985B0C86F703CC8EC577E6E" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">
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<taxonomicName id="BFEB4C61D1732258C6B591FFE49FAA82" authority="Šmíd & Fernández & Elmi & Mazuch, 2023" authorityName="Šmíd & Fernández & Elmi & Mazuch" authorityYear="2023" class="Reptilia" family="Psammophiidae" genus="Psammophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psammophis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">Psammophis</taxonomicName>
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English name: African Horn Sand Snake Somali name: Subxaanyo [pronounced Subhanyo]; a term in the Somali language that refers to all
|
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<taxonomicName id="E945BE0268E026D415AA6CD24F0D718E" authority="Šmíd & Fernández & Elmi & Mazuch, 2023" authorityName="Šmíd & Fernández & Elmi & Mazuch" authorityYear="2023" class="Reptilia" family="Psammophiidae" genus="Psammophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psammophis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">Psammophis</taxonomicName>
|
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species that occur in the region. All Subxaanyo are believed to be harmless and friendly by the locals and are an important part of their folklore
|
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8B64E1EDF34AEE9561C8DA889489F991" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" type="chresonymy">
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<paragraph id="48EC384CBDD29664516A81716F306267" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">Chresonymy.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6A6B03E98B0C3AB559E976CC643F4119" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">
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<taxonomicName id="1E1B841B2C88633A65994ECF9D052333" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1881" class="Reptilia" family="Psammophiidae" genus="Psammophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psammophis biseriatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="biseriatus">
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<emphasis id="B42DB2E6CA167A4371DC46C8560DBBF5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">Psammophis biseriatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
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in
|
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<bibRefCitation id="2E4279D35E98B8280A8F0B8D0DC122C5" author="Calabresi, E" journalOrPublisher="Atti della Societa italiana di scienze naturali e del museo civico di storia naturale di Milano" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" pagination="14 - 60" refId="B7" refString="Calabresi, E, 1927. Anfibi e Rettili raccolti nella Somalia dai Proff. G. Stefanini e N. Puccioni (Gennaio-Luglio 1924). Atti della Societa italiana di scienze naturali e del museo civico di storia naturale di Milano 66: 14 - 60" title="Anfibi e Rettili raccolti nella Somalia dai Proff. G. Stefanini e N. Puccioni (Gennaio-Luglio 1924)." volume="66" year="1927">Calabresi (1927</bibRefCitation>
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; in part),
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FAC0A826899BF472A81D51825AE42672" author="Scortecci, G" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino del Museo regionale di Scienze naturali, Torino" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" refId="B48" refString="Scortecci, G, 1939a. Gli ofidi velenosi dell'Africa Italiana. In. Istituto Sieroterapico Milanese, Milano, 292." title="Gli ofidi velenosi dell'Africa Italiana. In. Istituto Sieroterapico Milanese, Milano, 292." year="1939 a">Scortecci (1939a)</bibRefCitation>
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||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="75CC641C18B4399E28C7DEC0BAB7AF3D" author="Scortecci, G" journalOrPublisher="Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale " G Doria ", Genova" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" pagination="263 - 291" refId="B49" refString="Scortecci, G, 1939b. Spedizione zoologica del Marchese Saverio Patrizi nel Basso Giuba e nell'Oltre Giuba. Giugno-Agosto 1934. XII. Rettili Ofidi. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale "G Doria", Genova 58: 263 - 291" title="Spedizione zoologica del Marchese Saverio Patrizi nel Basso Giuba e nell'Oltre Giuba. Giugno-Agosto 1934. XII. Rettili Ofidi." volume="58" year="1939 b">Scortecci (1939b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
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||||
<bibRefCitation id="F15EE05481347A3B4CD26BF8EBCEF30B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00269786.1983.11758573" author="Lanza, B" journalOrPublisher="Monitore Zoologico Italiano" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" pagination="193 - 247" refId="B26" refString="Lanza, B, 1983. A list of the Somali amphibians and reptiles. Monitore Zoologico Italiano 8 (1): 193 - 247, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00269786.1983.11758573" title="A list of the Somali amphibians and reptiles." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00269786.1983.11758573" volume="8" year="1983">Lanza (1983</bibRefCitation>
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; in part),
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<bibRefCitation id="EC91F52A2A789E6AF229FFEFE4FA8819" author="Regnoli, L" journalOrPublisher="Atti della Societa dei Naturalisti e Matematici di Modena" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" pagination="167 - 215" refId="B40" refString="Regnoli, L, Maramaldo, R, Fratello, B, 2003. I "Colubridi" Opistoglifi della Collezione Franchini. Atti della Societa dei Naturalisti e Matematici di Modena 134: 167 - 215" title="I " Colubridi " Opistoglifi della Collezione Franchini." volume="134" year="2003">Regnoli et al. (2003</bibRefCitation>
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; in part);
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F06550ADDC929402ECA44C53B358A52B" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">
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<taxonomicName id="910ED335AB70611BEB4686F4CA56EB64" authorityName="Loveridge" authorityYear="1940" class="Reptilia" family="Psammophiidae" genus="Psammophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psammophis biseriatus subsp. tanganicus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="biseriatus" subSpecies="tanganicus">
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<emphasis id="0C0C98A16DE1DFD740D81CEC1FCB4E04" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">Psammophis biseriatus tanganicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<bibRefCitation id="47BA86E3877467379B18AD9C05062F96" author="Loveridge, A" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" pagination="1 - 70" refId="B32" refString="Loveridge, A, 1940. Revision of the African snakes of the genera Dromophis and Psammophis. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 87: 1 - 70" title="Revision of the African snakes of the genera Dromophis and Psammophis." volume="87" year="1940">Loveridge (1940</bibRefCitation>
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; in part),
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="193216CE8DE8D4BFEFDE478078024F9E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.21426/B614110318" author="Lanza, B" journalOrPublisher="Biogeographia" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" pagination="407 - 465" refId="B27" refString="Lanza, B, 1990. Amphibians and reptiles of the Somali Democratic Republic: Check list and biogeography. Biogeographia 14: 407 - 465, DOI: https://doi.org/10.21426/B614110318" title="Amphibians and reptiles of the Somali Democratic Republic: Check list and biogeography." url="https://doi.org/10.21426/B614110318" volume="14" year="1990">Lanza (1990</bibRefCitation>
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; in part);
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EFCFF85C38D42AC7CC787EA76A92C8EF" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">
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<taxonomicName id="61E3421F8D358896C917CD42A6C0541B" authorityName="Loveridge" authorityYear="1940" class="Reptilia" family="Psammophiidae" genus="Psammophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psammophis tanganicus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tanganicus">
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<emphasis id="79E65281459F4D13D557CF76E90972B8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">Psammophis tanganicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Largen and Ramussen (1993; in part), Brandstätter (1996; in part),
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<bibRefCitation id="9FE513566E05BF84E6AC36C7DA0AF935" author="Largen, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" refId="B30" refString="Largen, MJ, Spawls, S, 2010. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main" title="The Amphibians and Reptiles of Ethiopia and Eritrea." year="2010">Largen and Spawls (2010</bibRefCitation>
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; in part),
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<bibRefCitation id="D6C16101950955E0E76A921EE6BBB0BB" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/b16901" author="Wallach, V" journalOrPublisher="CRC Press, Boca Raton" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" refId="B66" refString="Wallach, V, Williams, KL, Boundy, J, 2014. Snakes of the world: a catalogue of living and extinct species. CRC Press, Boca Raton, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/b16901" title="Snakes of the world: a catalogue of living and extinct species." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/b16901" year="2014">Wallach et al. (2014</bibRefCitation>
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; in part),
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<bibRefCitation id="7CEC87D2316AE21795BFD39BE50063C0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429461354" author="Boundy, J" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" refId="B4" refString="Boundy, J, 2020. Snakes of the World: a supplement. CRC Press, 273 pp. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429461354" title="Snakes of the World: a supplement. CRC Press, 273 pp." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429461354" year="2020">Boundy (2020</bibRefCitation>
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; in part);
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F2EB3E153C02277FD6D8149128CDC887" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">
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<taxonomicName id="A0B09CEAE5BAEA9D93ACFC5DCD2638EB" authorityName="Šmíd & Fernández & Elmi & Mazuch" authorityYear="2023" class="Reptilia" family="Psammophiidae" genus="Psammophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psammophis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8557E94A24A6B73E5E5C241019129922" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">Psammophis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. in
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<bibRefCitation id="D9CF28964E59765E15358544D6590563" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1945.1.3" author="Vidal, N" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" pagination="51 - 66" refId="B64" refString="Vidal, N, Branch, WR, Pauwels, OSG, Hedges, SB, Broadley, DG, Wink, M, Cruaud, C, Joger, U, Nagy, ZT, 2008. Dissecting the major African snake radiation: A molecular phylogeny of the Lamprophiidae Fitzinger (Serpentes, Caenophidia). Zootaxa 1945 (1): 51 - 66, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1945.1.3" title="Dissecting the major African snake radiation: A molecular phylogeny of the Lamprophiidae Fitzinger (Serpentes, Caenophidia)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1945.1.3" volume="1945" year="2008">Vidal et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="38FC18F27A95A7AB70AA7CF5B7812E70" DOI="https://doi.org/10.20363/BZB-2019.68.1.061" author="Trape, J-F" journalOrPublisher="Bonn Zoological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" pagination="61 - 91" refId="B61" refString="Trape, J-F, Crochet, P-A, Broadley, DG, Sourouille, P, Mane, Y, Burger, M, Boehme, W, Saleh, M, Karan, A, Lanza, B, Mediannikov, O, 2019. On the Psammophis sibilans group (Serpentes, Lamprophiidae, Psammophiinae) north of 12°S, with the description of a new species from West Africa. Bonn Zoological Bulletin 68: 61 - 91, DOI: https://doi.org/10.20363/BZB-2019.68.1.061" title="On the Psammophis sibilans group (Serpentes, Lamprophiidae, Psammophiinae) north of 12 ° S, with the description of a new species from West Africa." url="https://doi.org/10.20363/BZB-2019.68.1.061" volume="68" year="2019">Trape et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="DAB235710F8A2C7DD205E63974D62D2F" author="Keates, C" journalOrPublisher="Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" refId="B20" refString="Keates, C, 2021. Integrative systematic structuring of the widespread psammophiid snakes (Psammophiidae): a multi-evidence species delineation approach. Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa" title="Integrative systematic structuring of the widespread psammophiid snakes (Psammophiidae): a multi-evidence species delineation approach." year="2021">Keates (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="17FF53D3F50A78DF3507AB80860F9E74" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" type="type material">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5D1A3FA9A580BC3F61E9F9BF6C876BBE" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7A9C4C7BE63412B33B8388DDB2A1A291" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">
|
||||
<emphasis id="22E97A5A1440D394DD44FB0669F0257B" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||||
: MVZ:Herp:242772 (sample code TP28431; Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="FDF89831A2138F54F6AF10DA0BB261FB" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Holotype of Psammophis cornusafricae sp. nov. (MVZ: Herp: 242772)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.101943.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/869481" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">6</figureCitation>
|
||||
), subadult, sex unknown; Somalia, Bari Region, Heela Spring, 11 km NW (by road) of Baargaal (
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="C8D4105552E0E956B723DECF601080A0" degrees="11.371" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="11.371">11.371°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="6C672CA1698029C76CA9F663D9F09A74" degrees="51.0412" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="51.0412">51.0412°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
), elevation 77 m above sea level; collected by T. J. Papenfuss on June 29, 2003.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="AF53B848D51B595B80AAE1D106C146AC" doi="10.3897/zse.99.101943.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/869481" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C20B36875C30BBA20BF99F45A591F497" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CDCB940A5AA03579AB72990401E33460" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||||
Holotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="17E27BE7F848FE504A9049B7A67BE480" authorityName="Šmíd & Fernández & Elmi & Mazuch" authorityYear="2023" class="Reptilia" family="Psammophiidae" genus="Psammophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psammophis cornusafricae" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cornusafricae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DE66CCFC222083B60EF00FF15F39105E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">Psammophis cornusafricae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov. (MVZ:Herp:242772).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5A4E6B81AEB5EE0A4F53960573A067A2" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CCC4506CB1145674AA69CD6E26BBCBCA" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">Paratype</emphasis>
|
||||
: MVZ:Herp:242773, adult, sex unknown; same collection data as holotype.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0FB8A99207E3223C7C1BDEA077E6CA7B" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="051D0363B6184EAF8893798F4C6BB82D" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">Other material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="480CBBFB62D04C5385F214E1EE567C04" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="11184D65061F3030A34243C1C5685F6F" accessionNumber="V 76373" collectingDate="2017-09-05" collectorName="T. Mazuch" elevation="1758" latitude="10.3" location="Somaliland" longLatPrecision="5555" longitude="47.182777" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
NMP-P6
|
||||
<accessionNumber id="9FE435FFA191B406227837DC25A8F7B5" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/V76373">V 76373</accessionNumber>
|
||||
(sample JIR510; Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2202BC681F40CF64581254F27C8852C5" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Psammophis cornusafricae sp. nov. in life (specimen NMP-P 6 V 76373, sample JIR 510), with a close-up of the head in the upper left corner, and the habitat at the locality where the specimen was found (8.5 km S of Yuffleh, Somaliland) at the bottom." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.101943.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/869482" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">7</figureCitation>
|
||||
; MorphoBank accessions: M851260-M851339), subadult female (sex confirmed by genetics);
|
||||
<location id="623320A40077DAD6807964FD533353FE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC163C4651DB5A75B010474138FFA177:623320A40077DAD6807964FD533353FE" latitude="10.3" longLatPrecision="5555" longitude="47.182777" name="Somaliland">Somaliland</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<locationDeviation id="13391FE6403079F0FBEF4F8A2FC32F72" location="Yuffleh">
|
||||
<quantity id="93071EDD1E4F5CC1A0391C6C9B8DAB28" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" unit="km" value="8.5">8.5 km</quantity>
|
||||
S of Yuffleh
|
||||
</locationDeviation>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="B40BF729ABD4EE79BB3BD1110FCA75C6" degrees="10.3" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5555" value="10.3">10.3°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="538626D46B2E7A93FCB3A3D9DE3DA3F1" degrees="47.182778" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.182777">47.182778°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<elevation id="75BE5287C75C2CB7D5E910EF1F9B3B82" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.758" unit="m" value="1758.0">
|
||||
elevation
|
||||
<quantity id="421EE9B2269C01D718D93B5EDCD337CF" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.758" unit="m" value="1758.0">1758 m</quantity>
|
||||
above sea level
|
||||
</elevation>
|
||||
; collected by
|
||||
<collectorName id="C7B33278362FFE05B494AD324A6503C1">T. Mazuch</collectorName>
|
||||
on
|
||||
<collectingDate id="AE8A80914F38DF5FAB7212C355511162" value="2017-09-05">September 5, 2017</collectingDate>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="EB94B75E266BAAE3B9C5CDFC42F50915" doi="10.3897/zse.99.101943.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/869482" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
||||
<paragraph id="4126332E43EFA12346AC3BFD34B893F0" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A9127F3D00C1BF2AF4F10A9B7C4B35CB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EA1EF6318EE2086D71617E6A4912B82B" authorityName="Šmíd & Fernández & Elmi & Mazuch" authorityYear="2023" class="Reptilia" family="Psammophiidae" genus="Psammophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psammophis cornusafricae" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cornusafricae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4828643D023ABC790AAB7A79D5B8A8A0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">Psammophis cornusafricae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov. in life (specimen NMP-P6
|
||||
<accessionNumber id="0D92929B911CED6BA8FC02CA46EA9C12" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/V76373">V 76373</accessionNumber>
|
||||
, sample JIR510), with a close-up of the head in the upper left corner, and the habitat at the locality where the specimen was found (
|
||||
<quantity id="AE8A03148E9C5CC11482E7B490883DC7" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" unit="km" value="8.5">8.5 km</quantity>
|
||||
S of Yuffleh, Somaliland) at the bottom.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="8F0C314BA7065F10A08277F2FDF0F3E7" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8D56B1304C6BF8238E14E76BFDD3848C" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="DF31B5F007CDD9EE1112BD8B06F4F072" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">
|
||||
A
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6633FBEC6845913D1F4D625D8FE50823" authorityName="Šmíd & Fernández & Elmi & Mazuch" authorityYear="2023" class="Reptilia" family="Psammophiidae" genus="Psammophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psammophis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2DC41E3B959FAC72015D677716F2B1B8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">Psammophis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species sister to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CA48E3E5549372FAD593A46B87228763" lsidName="P. tanganicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rank="species" species="tanganicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B4C313AF2E5BAB1CA0745BC5F8C21EC9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">P. tanganicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, with the following combination of morphological characters: 11 infralabials; 9 supralabials, three of which are in contact with the eye; nostril pierced between two equal sized nasals; 15 anterior dorsals; 14-15 midbody dorsals; 11 posterior dorsals; 146-158 ventrals; 95-100 subcaudals. Body brown, grey or beige with only a faintly visible pale vertebral stripe but with well pronounced dorsolateral orange stripes on each side of the body. Tail with only a slight trace of or completely lacking any dark vertebral stripe; the posterior half of the tail uniformly pale yellow. Venter white to yellowish with a conspicuous stipple of irregular dark smears. Head dorsally with a symmetrical pattern of brown markings outlined by black margins which contrast with the grey or beige background coloration. Labials white with dark margins forming a black lip. Dark brown temporal stripe outlined by black blotches and stretching from the eye to the posterior end of the head.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="978ABB47656ECFE465242A53A6C04FD1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C1C5BB288C02B3D9B8332C06375E8DB1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">Description of the holotype</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D1FA1AA5839468F276CB9443BD9C0D59" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="EAB5F62984F40EF6350F945942251D9F" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Holotype of Psammophis cornusafricae sp. nov. (MVZ: Herp: 242772)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.101943.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/869481" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">6</figureCitation>
|
||||
). SVL 42.6 mm, TL 20.3 mm (the very tip of the tail is missing; the original tail was hence probably a few millimeters longer), total length 62.9 mm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="39041D2B641A3A8FFE0EB07BCCB1BCF8" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">
|
||||
Head flattened dorsoventrally, separated from the body by a distinct neck; nostril pierced between two nasals, major sector-shaped (
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="1F3167C7A2E4B799C14C25BA8315D165" originalValue="‘pac-man’">'pac-man'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
-like shape); eyes large, with a round pupil; rostral roughly heptagonal, with a distinct groove at the base for flicking the tongue out; rostral visible from above and followed dorsally by one pair of internasals, one pair of prefrontals, a long and narrow frontal with nearly equally as long supraoculars to its side; preoculars in narrow contact with the frontal and wedged between the prefrontals and supraoculars; large pair of parietals contacted laterally by large anterior temporals, posterior temporals and enlarged postparietals. The temporal formula of the anterior temporal + posterior temporal scales is 1+3. Laterally, rostral followed by two consecutive nasals, an elongated loreal and a large preocular that forms the anterior margin of the eye. Two postoculars at the posterior eye margin, the upper of which being contacted by the parietal and the lower by the anterior temporal. Nine supralabials, of which the 4th, 5th and 6th are in contact with the eye; 11 infralabials, five of which are in contact with the anterior pair of chin shields. Two pairs of chin shields. Four (right side) and five (left side) gulars in a longitudinal row between chin shields and preventrals. Anterior dorsals 15, midbody dorsals 14, posterior dorsals 11; 158 ventrals; 85 subcaudals.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5F2F034C31C1FA6F750C965B1D9640EC" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">Coloration in preservation: body brownish beige, dorsum darker than the flanks, with dark sets of three to five dorsolateral scales separated by two to three paler scale rows. The frontal and supraoculars with dark pigment patches at their anterior sides, posterior margins pale. Parietals with dark oblong blotches by the medial line and at the anterior margin of the scales. Internasals and prefrontals dark to the sides and paler medially, which forms a narrow white-yellowish stripe at the nose tip. Supralabials white with contrasting dark brown upper and lower margins. The white of the supralabials continues onto the sides of the neck. Throat with extensive dark spots arranged in longitudinal stripes - one on each side of the mouth on the lower side of the infralabials up to the 6th infralabial, one at the mid-line running through the chin shields and gulars further on the belly.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="45F92ADEFF8E3BDCE11EECCCEE4DA688" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" type="comparisons">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A461B231585C826238B0AB07990EB9AB" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">Comparisons.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D30EA95EE564DCA19BE2066322F55B53" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5BED3AD169E56FA365D318898DEE33DA" authorityName="Šmíd & Fernández & Elmi & Mazuch" authorityYear="2023" class="Reptilia" family="Psammophiidae" genus="Psammophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psammophis cornusafricae" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cornusafricae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2DF71A8B48617E90EDC54D8AE74A514A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">Psammophis cornusafricae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov. can be differentiated from other congeners that occur in the Horn of Africa as follows: from its sister species
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DFF14C502A2E2071C485750445DA48A5" lsidName="P. tanganicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rank="species" species="tanganicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2DD080495A7C1F0A8F2D61129F738388" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">P. tanganicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(character in brackets) by having 3-5 gulars in a longitudinal row between chin shields and preventrals (
|
||||
<emphasis id="6B5FF84462FBC5217B9F6A25916E8A91" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">versus</emphasis>
|
||||
2-3), posterior tip of the frontal moderately pointed (
|
||||
<emphasis id="6C0A457EDE669D37BC324437FD11FABF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">versus</emphasis>
|
||||
rounded), by lacking a clear orange or brownish dorsal stripe along the body and tail (
|
||||
<emphasis id="79BA04E737D06F4801EC459F72ADDE75" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">versus</emphasis>
|
||||
orange vertebral stripe present), tail lacking a stripe, or having only a weakly developed dark vertebral stripe (
|
||||
<emphasis id="978A195432377B78D575ECCE6394D449" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">versus</emphasis>
|
||||
tail with a clear dark vertebral stripe), having a clearly demarcated narrow temporal stripe on the head (
|
||||
<emphasis id="7DFD2EC5A261B117EA5600F9E8E65A1C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">versus</emphasis>
|
||||
broad stripe without clear demarcation), dark markings on the head dorsum paired and not fused (
|
||||
<emphasis id="2329293BCF8202653BDBBA1ACB652758" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">versus</emphasis>
|
||||
dark marking on the back of the head fused into a
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E8CF8668079BF738FD5E24A763AD2691" originalValue="‘W’">'W'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
shape); from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="51489B59797DBD27F1CF354D51652FC0" lsidName="P. biseriatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rank="species" species="biseriatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="03118F77BAA059972D7FBBBCAEF96E25" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">P. biseriatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(character in brackets) by having three supralabials in contact with the eye (
|
||||
<emphasis id="FF990423DFED3A80DCD9EA0D68419074" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">versus</emphasis>
|
||||
two), usually one large anterior temporal (
|
||||
<emphasis id="3BF2B4587A0B426FD7A3E1FA52DB1F07" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">versus</emphasis>
|
||||
two), gular region strongly pigmented with dark longitudinal stripes (
|
||||
<emphasis id="6A8B73639EAF38994301EABCC2F8A465" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">versus</emphasis>
|
||||
weakly pigmented with small dark spots), head ornately patterned above (
|
||||
<emphasis id="4F8C055B7937DAE475B64C4A3EAF15F7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">versus</emphasis>
|
||||
uniformly colored), tail with absent or only a weakly developed dark vertebral stripe (
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D3EFC7E7DB23681EF632A264DE211B0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">versus</emphasis>
|
||||
tail with a clear dark vertebral stripe). Further morphological comparisons between
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1A253890AE3D762143FD770DF3A6D048" lsidName="P. cornusafricae" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rank="species" species="cornusafricae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="328CE197A265FCAF3F6163BF52F79E28" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">P. cornusafricae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov.,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8895F9C4BF9035872701E58650CC1B3A" lsidName="P. tanganicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rank="species" species="tanganicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="96CF2E8C1247874C40F6D6E5B4FE2E83" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">P. tanganicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AF892FF25585C09160F67C409D501F76" lsidName="P. biseriatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rank="species" species="biseriatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D29CF1CA79AD1AFC32E45D26DA207C2E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">P. biseriatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are summarized in Table
|
||||
<tableCitation id="1E7CEAFC44E34A021E5AE8C1C4275C59" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Morphological comparisons of P. biseriatus, P. tanganicus and P. cornusafricae sp. nov. Superscript letters refer to the original references from which the data was obtained as follows: a - Spawls et al. (2023); b - Largen and Spawls (2010); c - Bezy and Drewes (1985). NA * indicates characters unavailable due to incomplete tail." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0F17A3C1BC8466F386E36E8FF61AAF38" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" tableUuid="0F17A3C1BC8466F386E36E8FF61AAF38">2</tableCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="0F17A3C1BC8466F386E36E8FF61AAF38" ID-Table-UUID="0F17A3C1BC8466F386E36E8FF61AAF38" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0F17A3C1BC8466F386E36E8FF61AAF38" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" start="Table 2" startId="T2">
|
||||
<paragraph id="CEBDAAC4A952A00F10C22542BCE094CE" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C70B58522E9B8CB5A6FA7054660B680B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">Table 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
Morphological comparisons of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2CB0BBCDFACB475BD1A4DAD77EE0F252" lsidName="P. biseriatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rank="species" species="biseriatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0D1741D0958705724853F88A551BA4AE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">P. biseriatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BC67E2BCCDAEA8D8C28AA4DC265088ED" lsidName="P. tanganicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rank="species" species="tanganicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5BB0E5EC88986B744FACC4FCABF25BB6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">P. tanganicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="281B7A8F93EF33774271A7162EB7970C" lsidName="P. cornusafricae" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rank="species" species="cornusafricae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="879CCFDE4981DE83603D5E4C1E36C237" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">P. cornusafricae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov. Superscript letters refer to the original references from which the data was obtained as follows: a -
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A8BFA310721FE5B2FAF93B7A4EB0B59A" author="Spawls, S" journalOrPublisher="Bloomsbury, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" refId="B56" refString="Spawls, S, Mazuch, T, Abubakr, M, 2023. Handbook of Amphibians and Reptiles of Northeast Africa. Bloomsbury, London" title="Handbook of Amphibians and Reptiles of Northeast Africa." year="2023">Spawls et al. (2023)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; b -
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C0FEE7C14501B93BE1B9C081CE10D53D" author="Largen, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" refId="B30" refString="Largen, MJ, Spawls, S, 2010. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main" title="The Amphibians and Reptiles of Ethiopia and Eritrea." year="2010">Largen and Spawls (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; c -
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="61E55337832B8C65486253D375EF163F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1564178" author="Bezy, RL" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" pagination="246 - 253" refId="B3" refString="Bezy, RL, Drewes, RC, 1985. Specific status of the East African colubrid snake, Psammophis tanganicus. Journal of Herpetology 19 (2): 246 - 253, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1564178" title="Specific status of the East African colubrid snake, Psammophis tanganicus." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1564178" volume="19" year="1985">Bezy and Drewes (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="CFDF27A7B3AE6C1A086BEFC308DB99A6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">NA</emphasis>
|
||||
* indicates characters unavailable due to incomplete tail.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="110630BB37CC55EED301BA64E114EB4A" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">
|
||||
<table id="D3EFC783621DBEB408823BA2B3B0FBD1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">
|
||||
<tr id="A2B6E75F85B39A6847D48D92B9E29028" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">
|
||||
<th id="30DD5BD4E56D443C3FC210D74AA68517" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="2">-</th>
|
||||
<th id="E3349FE5E791B38AD2060FDB8431C180" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3D3435EC94134AEA5749A08DFDF9AEAF" lsidName="P. biseriatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rank="species" species="biseriatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7734257CDB3A794AE568B1A1994905E5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">P. biseriatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="3FDA09076CF1D507B4941D2787D966D9" colspan="4" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2F596D9686FA5C3F2A3710A93F497391" lsidName="P. tanganicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rank="species" species="tanganicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="71EABE45E58F30877CE27E0A066CFAAA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">P. tanganicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="2B00691FAC1859DEE614CDE7F2732DE2" colspan="3" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FB226EFBB2206F775818A58F1A58F78D" lsidName="P. cornusafricae" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rank="species" species="cornusafricae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="55ABC46AFCAE72D9B52604F1B8C03F4B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">P. cornusafricae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov.
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="6EDE07E86CFB44D6E67A5FBC5285F4FF" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">
|
||||
<th id="3B13E73A26828D7F5019AF6676E084E1" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">General</th>
|
||||
<th id="2A7DF0C5A4F85718C99DB436A88A9127" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">General</th>
|
||||
<th id="B15215209D9DB5DDCFEFDED61D48F4C5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">MCZ R-30380 Holotype</th>
|
||||
<th id="560F11F13C01D4A0599C2192CAB3B136" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">NMP-P6V 76371</th>
|
||||
<th id="A647F8A4F1EEFF086CC39C5AF36610FD" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">NMP-P6V 76372</th>
|
||||
<th id="ED79575F44B8E2552B721134FA6694C3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">NMP-P6V 76373</th>
|
||||
<th id="E6E8E2BABA6BB56FE4EF34B5FDEB65FA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">MVZ:Herp:242772 Holotype</th>
|
||||
<th id="08B71AD210A58F4A33DE0E57F5F5C429" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">MVZ:Herp:242773 Paratype</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="D3B84ABB963250D7924D84AF7658A445" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">
|
||||
<td id="C8B16D81D7A42E03160DE1F0BF2683AF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="410BF820CE7A0F9238E8953379A342C6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">Total length (cm)</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="6E2A4434699ABDCFA993B55D5B31B524" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">
|
||||
~ 50-80 (max 100)
|
||||
<emphasis id="2FE05B4695350251237CD2C3EAD277ED" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">a</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="47C12EEDDF4AB55B34BB74CCD13988D5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">
|
||||
~ 50-80 (max 100)
|
||||
<emphasis id="AC49DE387569F99EAAD739286E870AB8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">a</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="640B850F7F6CBF551828EA76EC2D9EEA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">63</td>
|
||||
<td id="5E70367BCA3E05FE84FE0C62A484BCA4" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">90.8</td>
|
||||
<td id="34B52F0E4CF33A41E8D04B8F85287A27" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9B2500D951BC7BAF7932F7E4041C4D82" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">NA</emphasis>
|
||||
*
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="8FCA769EF3868C6E354130055B3D6513" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">58.8</td>
|
||||
<td id="010C30393043AB0E55C4AD11009F5A2C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">62.9</td>
|
||||
<td id="BBFF866A07319D0873442DFBBDBE2A7D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">73.8</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="EF531876F9ACBEA544BE59FD5AB89721" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">
|
||||
<td id="751D824ECC43035BD2CE92108DEE4270" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="63051E37952F6FD5DC5F916BC3BC2803" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">SVL (cm)</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="15776113FC68BD30F349ED605D32547B" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||||
<td id="07EE54D410EA832B886D7D2137F314FC" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||||
<td id="517AF0B23DF17D50B82C7253ACAC306F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">40.6</td>
|
||||
<td id="8A119334BA2E3D5429577369B4CB1F02" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">61.5</td>
|
||||
<td id="3250AE194254E32EB9E9592B93529E70" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">47.4</td>
|
||||
<td id="74B6C8BA0F6F41B6063148EB300C7406" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">39.7</td>
|
||||
<td id="3C915974C0DE2CB21037C5524F71A77A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">42.6</td>
|
||||
<td id="2C089B2B60F68BB36E82F7BAF4F50400" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">49.7</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="F0136FFCC298332A729EE47988AB373A" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">
|
||||
<td id="CE4896A435407386A8E074B2CC5577E2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0DC3F446F463C45BEC6B406B4768385A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">TL (cm)</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="09997886C612EFCC0B68CC1194900B73" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||||
<td id="509B2E1EF445A8C0A0EA7CADE6B58C25" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||||
<td id="33585E752B4084AB5B05DE5B2E9ECB03" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">22.4</td>
|
||||
<td id="86A34AD8CEEDE7DD5CFAF8E4859F7E99" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">29.3</td>
|
||||
<td id="2E0CE24E082C91A4CE90567BE4FFF613" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="370F073622671BC6F2F510FABCFC97D3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">NA</emphasis>
|
||||
*
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="EAEC6C29D0F3EF0452BEB22EB19C87CF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">19.1</td>
|
||||
<td id="426ACBC49B07E4C09DE7F4069EACEBE6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">20.3</td>
|
||||
<td id="93F4435DFC540BF6EBE575AF07A3267C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">24.1</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="29D9E4C2BF89CE0BE9244AFD434A4A16" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">
|
||||
<td id="AB942786B749FE435296E3A50654FABF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="EA71BE87416334CBD92128256B57EC72" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">
|
||||
SVL/Total length (
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="52F5C9B82411E25FEA54DFCC114F4C38" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
100)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="AEED7A92EF5034AC280AD25E39C32FCF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">
|
||||
61.7 (56-66)
|
||||
<emphasis id="99A24F764647021B52B5F849F8D188D8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">c</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="07A744D0C86DBCEE5F60773F4E891D85" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">
|
||||
66.7 (64-81)
|
||||
<emphasis id="2FB1186B5FE5493FFD9C6EB74647E458" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">c</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="5A579C02D3DF4E68B8B541895D745D56" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">64.4</td>
|
||||
<td id="2D4D64B226D21AFE1F58A4FDA05749FD" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">67.7</td>
|
||||
<td id="7E7A36789C888A646B0D1D52B4204B2A" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||||
<td id="0934B280ADAE1F1D2B68E76966A985FB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">67.5</td>
|
||||
<td id="AD0A33295E0823045A0CB7CF3F87B322" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">67.7</td>
|
||||
<td id="92EE6CF2417CC4FE05C9E755995B4640" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">67.3</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="B29C5FD1FB91D9D8748A9DDCFD8CAD33" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">
|
||||
<td id="B798608C2C251C6634D34C2BD7DC0169" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="321A861B8B64871118F94DC51A6FE7B2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">Infralabials</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="55C893416E41A7647F69DC391645C51A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">
|
||||
10-11
|
||||
<emphasis id="451088C10C129A5A9C9995599F3CE1BF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">c</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="0D8268FAA500B65FB47AB6428E1A8CBD" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">9-11</td>
|
||||
<td id="068859BC1864C65C528AD53FD62ED692" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">11</td>
|
||||
<td id="39433DA891551F4198DA54D5AF8B01A1" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">11</td>
|
||||
<td id="D5841272AEF8C7D7AFA9028FC9FF5AAF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">10</td>
|
||||
<td id="7D1CDDCFF54F60D2386954621821C581" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">10/11 (right/left)</td>
|
||||
<td id="5BFFB6EA629E797168487FAB853BEBFD" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">11</td>
|
||||
<td id="98E986A4BCA8832917983524D3E1A86C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">10</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="A78F6D058857A519A4B42564F672F5C2" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">
|
||||
<td id="6A8F569DA587464E023491B76DE16B11" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E09030B53817441AA992155C9E720980" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">Supralabials</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="4D5E5796DE756FF774938388955AEE73" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">
|
||||
9
|
||||
<emphasis id="6CEA4E4335361ECA91142EB06D674DBB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">c</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="43798B704E89496DDC0E2DFB5C20F1FC" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">
|
||||
9
|
||||
<emphasis id="8B692B8E138DFCE2F1F63DE273F9639D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">c</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="965BA4357CC89E932BCAA959539AC0F5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">9</td>
|
||||
<td id="B4A929522E5AD7789161410C4D534483" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">9</td>
|
||||
<td id="DB6C50C64BB1CF1382E5C6870D297065" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">9</td>
|
||||
<td id="4E92A57845C0BD997C8C5956672CD86A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">8</td>
|
||||
<td id="89A94701FE0BC2AFE0E36477C2FF8E53" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">9</td>
|
||||
<td id="7F736762D8105C94274942A88CB44645" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">9</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="8D65747D39D9D1B2257E50672E736368" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">
|
||||
<td id="2DA3FF3F8BBA5CD46C4F6AB059863F34" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8718FEB4FE8EF28AD8C5E9DDD0C527FA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">Supralabial in contact with eye</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="78C1E1643EF704768C6C001B797EC59B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">
|
||||
Two
|
||||
<emphasis id="A248FBC6C36BBD87788C036A334FCD79" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">b</emphasis>
|
||||
(5th-6th)
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="398246A59220D06E8978931BDA8E3124" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">Three (4th-6th)</td>
|
||||
<td id="317D0CB3331517B64836B931E4373D3F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">Three (4th-6th)</td>
|
||||
<td id="55151AB801C7F55F7A322032358370A3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">Three (4th-6th)</td>
|
||||
<td id="7C56421A396495E6DFCC3633348C2DC7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">Three (4th-6th)</td>
|
||||
<td id="F11B8196E575F90CB3D89E3F92BCCADC" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">Three (3rd-5th)</td>
|
||||
<td id="6CA6F482585CE8D3F76FA15BFCD7EF43" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">Three (4th-6th)</td>
|
||||
<td id="D533BCE3E821D579E6AA68C9AFDC9F2D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">Three (4th-6th)</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="07AD79257962E3712C1CAB50ED25D09E" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">
|
||||
<td id="871A7A5ACF6456A08A301F9B6B67E71F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E05DDC37AFA3EC58BABC760F2D84FDD6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">Midbody dorsals</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="EE5DD43CA653A3DB3660D4979B5879D6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">
|
||||
15
|
||||
<emphasis id="EFBD09BFA0ADEB606E98CF4453ECF8C9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">a</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="8CA58CC5A11225E7C68EA0D4F3AE526B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">
|
||||
15
|
||||
<emphasis id="80590DE7883D04514011F668F4A90D58" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">a</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="978E4DA34E243A8C633AFA02E1E25A29" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">15</td>
|
||||
<td id="19C555DB0C42AFC460B467A2523061F7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">15</td>
|
||||
<td id="8118F46EEA5E66EECFA66107826077A5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">15</td>
|
||||
<td id="993C1A1F56130321B1A66471F167859B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">15</td>
|
||||
<td id="BBAF352FECA0F980984F42F114E8E3C8" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">14</td>
|
||||
<td id="E44B5B7825D938C4E1553316176A9C15" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">15</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="C6BC1BDC1E314C95FF2A251A94EA05B1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">
|
||||
<td id="E2901B4ED530C945AD924DC075BA89C5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D0D735E4D4E01AA0C2C4759E5ACE5686" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">Ventrals</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="AB96B8977DF6A6E406EBFA8089E7BFBA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">
|
||||
138-168
|
||||
<emphasis id="7C826CB923C7950E1D27990FEB3D0E1B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">a</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="15BA9A40BA506C171265050075A88932" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">
|
||||
143-169
|
||||
<emphasis id="9481DA6017D42EC997A30E6A5950998E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">a</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="132B9026B2EB8E43468992FE546FFB81" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">151</td>
|
||||
<td id="BCBE210554F74B60905CC257E0BB1CB7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">159 (+2 preventrals)</td>
|
||||
<td id="89FA93877062E58F20BF4C895369E957" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">150 (+1 preventral)</td>
|
||||
<td id="6CC80E92A90F43CE8EB8EAA99CEE7F86" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">151 (+1 preventral)</td>
|
||||
<td id="9443CFFBA4E81AE13003510410F47A70" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">158</td>
|
||||
<td id="C0E0954A698071EBC3980322821FC841" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">146 (+1 preventral)</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="55631DF46318CD0371ECB1ED089048A2" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">
|
||||
<td id="EEA06269B08C337B526AC47CFD57C3AA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D14857BE77037DDE3F076C6910382357" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">Subcaudals</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="6A2F9BC9CF5115E6400F2EB4E0673C02" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">
|
||||
97-134
|
||||
<emphasis id="72D23205566E98EC43811A8F2C38DA5F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">a</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="09108D8789809B942492FF9D7ED53FF6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">
|
||||
81-123
|
||||
<emphasis id="2E4C80DFDD4223BC4133D57E3E77B133" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">a</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="AF8150B0EFD14BE7FCB82EB320C03A6F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">114</td>
|
||||
<td id="6CF012584B35E9A897F10131562C5B95" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">110</td>
|
||||
<td id="556EB3F2EE1CFEDDB85B473430B3DC43" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2E88878737A433A4D136FB1CA514A491" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">NA</emphasis>
|
||||
*
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="6FF8EF4CE230955D62A5B97BC96E18CF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">95</td>
|
||||
<td id="0E22D51F709F5D39AC27E4885F1020ED" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">85</td>
|
||||
<td id="0C95EBC7D05C8F1601157CA588A7B66D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rowspan="1">100</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="16D0548CFA2DD7A366E301B809408DF0" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">
|
||||
From the other Horn species
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="95898E8FA2C36C0B422766CEFD8DBD94" lsidName="P. cornusafricae" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rank="species" species="cornusafricae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2AB928360AAA2F19865E9971CBB733D9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">P. cornusafricae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov. differs by having a lower number of midbody dorsals (14-15
|
||||
<emphasis id="1BA9788D26D2C8CE163B0554CACD5D58" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">versus</emphasis>
|
||||
17 or 19 in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FEAF8BC4BC61C35F4B8D15DD9150298C" lsidName="P. aegyptius" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rank="species" species="aegyptius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F0FD9C54F62FCEB1409F9E524079C318" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">P. aegyptius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6E0A1BDAD6268DFB20641F0C3A4E936C" lsidName="P. lineatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rank="species" species="lineatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7C039200D06BECAC2787170D66051A4F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">P. lineatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1E6FDF9BFA2505A0A111758F9BC8BC40" lsidName="P. mossambicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rank="species" species="mossambicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C3C846820D88D42BD9B805328FE27535" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">P. mossambicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="53C660058C1DB8279F781B549DCDF4E2" lsidName="P. orientalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D01E8294B2A73ACD3B8828C0D46D59D4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">P. orientalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39D88F566D557B701FC08677F45261FC" lsidName="P. punctulatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rank="species" species="punctulatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7173D02EAD8307602662E2162CDA461E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">P. punctulatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5C8E15C59063D669DA2FC70EE5A1B324" lsidName="P. rukwae" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rank="species" species="rukwae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="13CAEAFA20FEE4A93163F782C05D6CD6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">P. rukwae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C525DF2B39F5130CB203FE018DBD1302" lsidName="P. schokari" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rank="species" species="schokari">
|
||||
<emphasis id="96BA51C2BEA85D23CEF08BD50C548B6D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">P. schokari</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3C6E69BE6EA07967A14DA4D61ED4D06F" lsidName="P. sudanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rank="species" species="sudanensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="AA6378E6AD4AFFBF3F54C5F5697358E9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">P. sudanensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
a
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="316A1DCB7C6E0DA9D855A96E6DE90DC0" lsidName="P. sudanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rank="species" species="sudanensis">P. cf. sudanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C887B62118B45AD3DAC14959A0E05A2B" lsidName="P. trivirgatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rank="species" species="trivirgatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="27F23B4FA4EF310821D5A004AC8F84C3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">P. trivirgatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), or a higher number of midbody dorsals (11 in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="86D8A258A8CEAD5F3BD4E99C7EA8895C" lsidName="P. angolensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rank="species" species="angolensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8F991F3A167CBCC247653447511174F7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">P. angolensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, 13 in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2E5188EB0FF66D9FECE285938AE63D29" lsidName="P. pulcher" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rank="species" species="pulcher">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E06E20B15226F53D5EE47D221916447E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">P. pulcher</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="7EEE77A591E7E21F0416BA6F2A6BF474" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" type="variation">
|
||||
<paragraph id="35FDC339A804EA0F2AE11A37C3BDAD64" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">Variation.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6014D7EA0CBAC496A264268BBFBD9C13" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">
|
||||
The studied specimens of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B6FBB54B7D322915C940A289462EA5D4" lsidName="P. cornusafricae" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rank="species" species="cornusafricae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="59255A7B98957258EDB17BED248B3FB9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">P. cornusafricae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov. show some degree of morphological variation (Table
|
||||
<tableCitation id="1A99BC6B93AFAD4424271A36F93350F4" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Morphological comparisons of P. biseriatus, P. tanganicus and P. cornusafricae sp. nov. Superscript letters refer to the original references from which the data was obtained as follows: a - Spawls et al. (2023); b - Largen and Spawls (2010); c - Bezy and Drewes (1985). NA * indicates characters unavailable due to incomplete tail." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0F17A3C1BC8466F386E36E8FF61AAF38" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" tableUuid="0F17A3C1BC8466F386E36E8FF61AAF38">2</tableCitation>
|
||||
). Namely, the number of infralabials varies between 10-11 and the number of supralabials between 8-9. The 3rd-5th supralabials are in contact with the eye in specimen NMP-P6V 76373 (the one with 8 supralabials); in the other two specimens it is the 4th-6th supralabials that touch the eye. Specimen NMP-P6V 76373 has three postoculars at the posterior eye margin and two anterior temporals (
|
||||
<emphasis id="BBDA5D87EA75718FFCBFE0DED8F7375A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">versus</emphasis>
|
||||
two postoculars and one anterior temporal in the other two specimens). Specimens MVZ:Herp:242773 and NMP-P6V 76373 (unilaterally) have two posterior temporals (
|
||||
<emphasis id="34FF6BC68D255D007301FF069F5EC29C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">versus</emphasis>
|
||||
three in the holotype). There are 14 midbody dorsals in the holotype, while the other two specimens have 15. The number of ventrals and subcaudals varies between 146-158 and 85-100, respectively. The two specimens examined genetically are closely related (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="96D14576C41097719A2977F74AB5CAF6" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Maximum Likelihood phylogeny of the genus Psammophis based on a concatenated alignment of the cyt b, ND 4 and c-mos genes (2,149 bp in total). The clade containing P. biseriatus, P. tanganicus and P. cornusafricae sp. nov. is highlighted in pink. Codes of samples newly sequenced for this study are in red. Locality details and original references of all samples are given in Suppl. material 1. Branch support is given in the order SH-aLRT / UFBoot / Standard bootstrap / MrBayes posterior probability." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.101943.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/869479" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">4</figureCitation>
|
||||
). They are 99.35% identical in the cyt
|
||||
<emphasis id="9FDBF8220833928EBA3F119A429B270E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">b</emphasis>
|
||||
sequence (different in 7 out of 1087 bp), 98.63% identical in the ND4 (different in 9 out of 662 bp), and 99.75% identical in the c-mos (different in 1 out of 400 bp).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="2D2A21622DA9D18643A7457E68027C62" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="01FAE2227030330FFA1BF42FA944D8C3" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="1988D01AA8825DC343D68FA8C3A772FF" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">
|
||||
The species epithet indicates the geographic origin of the species and translates as "The Sand Snake of the
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="DA646C0F6644EBEC63F8F13A558E041E" originalValue="Africa’s">Africa's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Horn". It is a noun in the genitive case that is derived from the Latin words for horn (
|
||||
<emphasis id="2384D567408C2D0D8B177A08DF00D31D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">cornu-us</emphasis>
|
||||
) and Africa (
|
||||
<emphasis id="A0DD3A7C73DAC33D895825B3DB598CD0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">Africa-ae</emphasis>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="53E4AAD408A9336F24CB1CA67BD1A8F6" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5BF9E11EF5858C5441F7749A1513D55B" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6247CBD956686B1C8C9A5E390914740C" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">
|
||||
Our knowledge on the distribution of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F5B13FC59C6AFC3C8930F25BE979BE57" lsidName="P. cornusafricae" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rank="species" species="cornusafricae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B238677DABAF2402C41B6D8D24FEADE9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">P. cornusafricae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov. is very limited because it has so far been confirmed only from two localities. They are both located in Somalia; the type locality is at the very tip of the Horn of Africa (Puntland), the locality of specimen NMP-P6V 76373 lies in central Somaliland, some 440 km west-southwest from the type locality (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="15C509887AF9BBF30EBAE277C517543F" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Distribution of P. biseriatus, P. tanganicus and P. cornusafricae sp. nov. in the Horn of Africa. Localities sampled for the genetic analysis are shown along with sample codes. The background layer shows shaded relief and water bodies and drainages and was made with Natural Earth (www. naturalearthdata. com). The species range maps were derived from Roll et al. (2017, 2021), Spawls et al. (2023), and the findings presented in this study." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.101943.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/869483" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">8</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Puntland and the eastern part of Somaliland are the driest parts of the Horn of Africa. They receive less than 200 mm of precipitation annually (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D464D0E082E144BD209E3FE4D968BEB0" author="Muchiri, P" journalOrPublisher="In: (SWALIM) TrW-SWaLIM (Ed), Nairobi, Kenya" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" refId="B36" refString="Muchiri, P, 2007. Climate of Somalia. In: (SWALIM) TrW-SWaLIM (Ed), Nairobi, Kenya" title="Climate of Somalia." year="2007">Muchiri 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), and are covered by sparse vegetation (ESA CCI Team 2017) and geologically formed by the so-called Karkar and Taleh formations that include limestones, dolomites, and gypsum (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FD8FD07AEEFBBCFA50E19CB2B3690325" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203753392-82" author="Schreiber, W" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino del Museo regionale di Scienze naturali, Torino" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" refId="B47" refString="Schreiber, W, 1993. Sedimentological and geochemical aspects of the Taleh Formation (Eocene) in North Somalia. In: Geoscientific Research in Northeast Africa. CRC Press, 449-454. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203753392-82" title="Sedimentological and geochemical aspects of the Taleh Formation (Eocene) in North Somalia. In: Geoscientific Research in Northeast Africa. CRC Press, 449 - 454." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203753392-82" year="1993">Schreiber 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BBB34A05C06C7EF9A65851BDE1DE6C2C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2022.101166" author="Quiroga, E" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" refId="B38" refString="Quiroga, E, Bertoni, C, Van Goethem, M, Blazevic, LA, Ruden, F, 2022. A 3D geological model of the horn of Africa: New insights for hydrogeological simulations of deep groundwater systems. Journal of Hydrology. Regional Studies 42: 101166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2022.101166" title="A 3 D geological model of the horn of Africa: New insights for hydrogeological simulations of deep groundwater systems. Journal of Hydrology. Regional Studies 42: 101166." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2022.101166" year="2022">Quiroga et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). We assume
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FD489EBDAED5045DAF6E345363E5BF99" lsidName="P. cornusafricae" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rank="species" species="cornusafricae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3252E2AAC137CEBD971D16C9AB14BE8A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">P. cornusafricae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov. to roughly match the extent of the Karkar and Taleh formations and adjoin the range of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="412E9657E53442B521E3C8006BC1D493" lsidName="P. tanganicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rank="species" species="tanganicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BEEBF5512725355CE1E18E59F3DDA991" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">P. tanganicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from the east. This distribution pattern with central Somaliland being a contact zone of closely related taxa has already been confirmed for other taxa, e.g.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FCA0ADC120DB10875DFBF26434C0562F" authorityName="Dumeril & Bibron" authorityYear="1841" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tomopterna" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E5D104BA3B4480E5E2F2940E04F89D09" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">Tomopterna</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="05009EAE69D30554A0A89766CE839A16" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1850" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Pyxicephalidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B11D14E20A67FD6B1A513B8682C3CC8F" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Hemidactylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hemidactylus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="852581D2A36029C50A4E30E57703622F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">Hemidactylus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="607B5480AB26B2E96ADD3142AF62AF0C" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gekkonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3C2D6B5A4B095FD10C9623BB663DF5BC" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" class="Reptilia" family="Lacertidae" genus="Heliobolus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heliobolus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7FDFE930D1309601A3C3C4F41DE5E8F0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">Heliobolus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7FEB942174DEEE5576B474D4312C90D1" authorityName="Bedriaga" authorityYear="1884" class="Reptilia" family="Lacertidae" genus="Latastia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Latastia" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="42A28E5304BBF1446D1ADD736D24FA21" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">Latastia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DC815B98D5775F6397680F5A5BCC3ABB" authorityName="Boettger" authorityYear="1883" class="Reptilia" family="Lacertidae" genus="Pseuderemias" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseuderemias" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E0C2AC1867BFAEB5926415906E4A1D5B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">Pseuderemias</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4AFC03D1EC1276C194915EB0F4A920B3" class="Reptilia" family="Lacertidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Lacertidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E35557F2DAD30DC2246F4338F8D5823B" authorityName="Merrem" authorityYear="1820" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Uromastyx" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Uromastyx" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6AB3118DAD727BAE5A4D21B8CB22FE4F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">Uromastyx</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="14F6AF5AD2B7F31D452228EDF34B898F" class="Amphibia" family="Agamidae" genus="Xenagama" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenagama" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DF08B71ECEBFD7F5A08F65AE62306023" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">Xenagama</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E9450F605D4EB529AC17DE707CC2C923" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Agamidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="05AE3A711E63B49601CC9687A211AB0C" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Echis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="145CE21B67C9C6E469F48D333647942B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">Echis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DCDBB0F4C5E634514326A6195D540B2F" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Viperidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F4D3EAD6644868CCA0C7EDBD2F0D56C6" author="Arillo, A" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia e Anatomia Comparata della R Universita di Genova" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" pagination="85 - 109" refId="B1" refString="Arillo, A, Balletto, E, Spano', S, 1965. II e III spedizione Scortecci in Migiurtinia: il genere Eremias Wiegmann (Reptilia, Lacertidae). Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia e Anatomia Comparata della R Universita di Genova 33: 85 - 109" title="II e III spedizione Scortecci in Migiurtinia: il genere Eremias Wiegmann (Reptilia, Lacertidae)." volume="33" year="1965">Arillo et al. 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E847FCEF0E267FA0091F764901BBF1ED" DOI="https://doi.org/10.21426/B614110318" author="Lanza, B" journalOrPublisher="Biogeographia" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" pagination="407 - 465" refId="B27" refString="Lanza, B, 1990. Amphibians and reptiles of the Somali Democratic Republic: Check list and biogeography. Biogeographia 14: 407 - 465, DOI: https://doi.org/10.21426/B614110318" title="Amphibians and reptiles of the Somali Democratic Republic: Check list and biogeography." url="https://doi.org/10.21426/B614110318" volume="14" year="1990">Lanza 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E4C87E8EA807A53230FD6FA1B29848C0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2933.1.2" author="Zimkus, BM" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" pagination="27 - 45" refId="B67" refString="Zimkus, BM, Larson, JG, 2011. Examination of the molecular relationships of sand frogs (Anura: Pyxicephalidae: Tomopterna) and resurrection of two species from the Horn of Africa. Zootaxa 2933 (1): 27 - 45, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2933.1.2" title="Examination of the molecular relationships of sand frogs (Anura: Pyxicephalidae: Tomopterna) and resurrection of two species from the Horn of Africa." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2933.1.2" volume="2933" year="2011">Zimkus and Larson 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="93D5BDC62D5C5C6F07677511D968D8EF" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/jzs.12016" author="Wagner, P" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" pagination="144 - 164" refId="B65" refString="Wagner, P, Mazuch, T, Bauer, AM, 2013. An extraordinary tail - integrative review of the agamid genus Xenagama. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 51 (2): 144 - 164, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jzs.12016" title="An extraordinary tail - integrative review of the agamid genus Xenagama." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/jzs.12016" volume="51" year="2013">Wagner et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="47E89E2DACACBDE2E846920FE8E4E454" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12266" author="Tamar, K" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" pagination="159 - 173" refId="B59" refString="Tamar, K, Metallinou, M, Wilms, T, Schmitz, A, Crochet, PA, Geniez, P, Carranza, S, 2018. Evolutionary history of spiny-tailed lizards (Agamidae: Uromastyx) from the Saharo-Arabian region. Zoologica Scripta 47 (2): 159 - 173, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12266" title="Evolutionary history of spiny-tailed lizards (Agamidae: Uromastyx) from the Saharo-Arabian region." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12266" volume="47" year="2018">Tamar et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="819A2B5D9EFF53316AC38283FB908AE1" author="Spawls, S" journalOrPublisher="Bloomsbury, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" refId="B54" refString="Spawls, S, Branch, B, 2020. The dangerous snakes of Africa. Bloomsbury, London" title="The dangerous snakes of Africa." year="2020">Spawls and Branch 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="743563017C4233B151F15D5678FBDA2E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPMONOGRAPHS-D-19-00010.1" author="Smid, J" journalOrPublisher="Herpetological Monograph" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" pagination="26 - 47" refId="B53" refString="Smid, J, Mazuch, T, Novakova, L, Modry, D, Malonza, PK, Elmi, HSA, Carranza, S, Moravec, J, 2020. Phylogeny and systematic revision of the gecko genus Hemidactylus from the Horn of Africa (Squamata: Gekkonidae). Herpetological Monograph 33 (1): 26 - 47, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPMONOGRAPHS-D-19-00010.1" title="Phylogeny and systematic revision of the gecko genus Hemidactylus from the Horn of Africa (Squamata: Gekkonidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPMONOGRAPHS-D-19-00010.1" volume="33" year="2020">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A1DDACE1D061B23C16C49EA4DA1D469F" originalValue="Šmíd">Smid</normalizedToken>
|
||||
et al. 2020
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="07B775E6FC45DBCEC3542DC93181E697" author="Spawls, S" journalOrPublisher="Bloomsbury, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" refId="B56" refString="Spawls, S, Mazuch, T, Abubakr, M, 2023. Handbook of Amphibians and Reptiles of Northeast Africa. Bloomsbury, London" title="Handbook of Amphibians and Reptiles of Northeast Africa." year="2023">Spawls et al. 2023</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="39E2994146475497DF59F0E85445D6EF" doi="10.3897/zse.99.101943.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/869483" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
|
||||
<paragraph id="DB757BB01AFFEF4B002140726A05DC0B" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C332E5E31223DDBF3013957A9BBA3FAC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||||
Distribution of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="40D39C6AAF0AFF265FCA5ED682479236" lsidName="P. biseriatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rank="species" species="biseriatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D1CDEFC4705D01BDFC88BE74022755E0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">P. biseriatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CFA6182433F579803D69A641CC8A9C77" lsidName="P. tanganicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rank="species" species="tanganicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F92FB8A8EF46F7B11A5E25E12ACBF465" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">P. tanganicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FC59735E7C58009291F53DD96166A028" lsidName="P. cornusafricae" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" rank="species" species="cornusafricae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E2A636F7A4D6A8653D00E8A9FE30B48D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="345">P. cornusafricae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov. in the Horn of Africa. Localities sampled for the genetic analysis are shown along with sample codes. The background layer shows shaded relief and water bodies and drainages and was made with Natural Earth (www.naturalearthdata.com). The species range maps were derived from
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9EE214E5DCDA76DAF54334FB2EDC92A8" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0332-2" author="Roll, U" journalOrPublisher="Nature Ecology & Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" pagination="1677 - 1682" refId="B41" refString="Roll, U, Feldman, A, Novosolov, M, Allison, A, Bauer, AM, Bernard, R, Boehm, M, Castro-Herrera, F, Chirio, L, Collen, B, Colli, GR, Dabool, L, Das, I, Doan, TM, Grismer, LL, Hoogmoed, MS, Itescu, Y, Kraus, F, LeBreton, M, Lewin, A, Martins, M, Maza, E, Meirte, D, Nagy, ZT, Nogueira, CdC, Pauwels, OSG, Pincheira Donoso, D, Powney, GD, Sindaco, R, Tallowin, OJS, Torres-Carvajal, O, Trape, J-F, Vidan, E, Uetz, P, Wagner, P, Wang, Y, Orme, CDL, Grenyer, R, Meiri, S, 2017. The global distribution of tetrapods reveals a need for targeted reptile conservation. Nature Ecology & Evolution 1: 1677 - 1682, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0332-2" title="The global distribution of tetrapods reveals a need for targeted reptile conservation." url="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0332-2" volume="1" year="2017">Roll et al. (2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="7398EE3B6B3D2207324EC6FC26D7F9C0" author="Roll, U" journalOrPublisher="Nature Ecology & Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" refId="B42" refString="Roll, U, Meiri, S, Farrell, M, Davies, J, Gittleman, J, Wiens, J, Stephens, P, 2021. GARD 1.5 range shapefiles used in: Global diversity patterns are explained by diversification rates at ancient, not shallow, timescales. V1 ed. Scholars Portal Dataverse." title="GARD 1.5 range shapefiles used in: Global diversity patterns are explained by diversification rates at ancient, not shallow, timescales. V 1 ed. Scholars Portal Dataverse." year="2021">2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="2B2D2C0F3C081A6C5E46AB8C37B4FB6E" author="Spawls, S" journalOrPublisher="Bloomsbury, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="345" refId="B56" refString="Spawls, S, Mazuch, T, Abubakr, M, 2023. Handbook of Amphibians and Reptiles of Northeast Africa. Bloomsbury, London" title="Handbook of Amphibians and Reptiles of Northeast Africa." year="2023">Spawls et al. (2023)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, and the findings presented in this study.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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