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<document id="44C3F1B3D683286EF21EB7E20597DA30" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a2f99584-24f9-455a-b4b7-8cf999db6549" ModsDocID="4445" checkinTime="1243375980328" checkinUser="christiana" docAuthor="Mayr, G." docDate="1862" docId="AC1106BE862560FA1E61E31FC37A3183" docLanguage="de" docName="4445" docOrigin="Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 12" docSource="http://antbase.org/ants/publications/4445/4445.pdf" docTitle="Odontomachus haematodes" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="711" masterDocId="177EEAE373E3E8A37F42A15CCECD0194" masterDocTitle="Myrmecologische Studien." masterLastPageNumber="776" masterPageNumber="649" pageNumber="711" updateTime="1701312385225" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="F6A324C6ED4DC2686152D3637E71D32F">Myrmecologische Studien.</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="B8095BD282B71FBEE90B0739EC192C72">Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="5E70F1B38D0A6923F31308D9DD2FDE26">
<mods:date id="4617ABF93BB1B84E1380329A5C862621">1862</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4CCDE15047315D6F9E6BD8B7C0E0F669">12</mods:number>
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<treatment id="AC1106BE862560FA1E61E31FC37A3183" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6295108" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100128140" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6295108" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC1106BE862560FA1E61E31FC37A3183" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC1106BE862560FA1E61E31FC37A3183" lastPageNumber="711" pageNumber="711">
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<paragraph id="E8CBA0E4D4EE4CF378803378B242F9E8" pageNumber="711">
1.
<taxonomicName id="39B0FEF541292D747BED9480F8F45155" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:187812" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontomachus haematodes (Linnaeus)" lsidName-HNS="Odontomachus haematodes (Linnaeus)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="711" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haematodes">O. haematodes</taxonomicName>
L.
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<subSubSection id="1E7B87328EE3A389C4B2EA478182B492" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="D10ABF71A98899C134F80CE378AF120E" pageNumber="711">Asien: Ceylon (M. C. Vienn. und in meiner Sammlung vom H. Dohrn), Menado, Amboina (M. C. Vienn.), Sambelong, einer der nikobarischen Inseln (Novara), Amerika: Brasilien (M. C. Vienn.), Rio Janeiro (Novara). Australien: Sidney (Novara).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e10084" ID-PMC="PMC5139134" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828--10084" ID-PubMed="27956851" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1314-2828--e10084" ModsDocOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal " ModsDocTitle="Cyanobacteria of Greece: an annotated checklist" checkinTime="1553125980046" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gkelis, Spyros, Ourailidis, Iordanis, Panou, Manthos &amp; Pappas, Nikos" docDate="2016" docId="AC110F3CBFA51876ABA034CD62F5C2D9" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 4: e10084" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 4" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e10084" docTitle="Gloeothece tepidariorum Lagerheim 1883" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="10084" masterDocId="FFB3B05C4474A703EF312B29FFEAFFCF" masterDocTitle="Cyanobacteria of Greece: an annotated checklist" masterLastPageNumber="10084" masterPageNumber="10084" pageNumber="10084" updateTime="1668123309001" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:namePart>Panou, Manthos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>4</mods:number>
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<mods:start>10084</mods:start>
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<taxonomicName authority="(A. Braun) Lagerheim 1883" authorityYear="1883" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Chroococcaceae" genus="Gloeothece" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Bacteria" lsidName="Gloeothece tepidariorum" order="Chroococcales" pageId="0" pageNumber="10084" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="tepidariorum">Gloeothece tepidariorum (A. Braun) Lagerheim 1883</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName class="Cyanophyceae" family="Chroococcaceae" genus="Gloeothece" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Bacteria" lsidName="Gloeothece tepidariorum" order="Chroococcales" pageId="0" pageNumber="10084" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="tepidariorum">Gloeothece cf. tepidariorum</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="10084" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="10084">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="10084">
<bibRefCitation author="Lamprinou, Vasiliki" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Speleology" pageId="0" pageNumber="10084" pagination="335 - 342" title="The show cave of Diros vs. wild caves of Peloponnese, Greece - distribution patterns of Cyanobacteria." volume="43" year="2014">Lamprinou et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.1.e992" ID-PMC="PMC3964720" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828--992" ID-PubMed="24723780" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1314-2828--e992" ModsDocOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal " ModsDocTitle="Spider hosts (Arachnida, Araneae) and wasp parasitoids (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ephialtini) matched using DNA barcodes" checkinTime="1553126931497" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Miller, Jeremy A., Belgers, J. Dick M., Beentjes, Kevin K., Zwakhals, Kees &amp; van Helsdingen, Peter" docDate="2013" docId="AC1115EAA571174142298EB727D83A7E" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 1: e992" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 1" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.1.e992" docTitle="Zatypota bohemani Holmgren 1860" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="992" masterDocId="92623912D709FFE5FFE1FFD5FF81FF89" masterDocTitle="Spider hosts (Arachnida, Araneae) and wasp parasitoids (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ephialtini) matched using DNA barcodes" masterLastPageNumber="992" masterPageNumber="992" pageNumber="992" updateTime="1668122405522" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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Rank: SpeciesType of treatment: Redescription or species observationextantHabitat: terrestrialParasite of:
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(Linnaeus, 1767)Root classification: 8
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?subtaxa=hidden&amp;taxid=469733" authority="Holmgren, 1860" authorityName="Holmgren" authorityYear="1860" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Zatypota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zatypota bohemani" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="992" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bohemani">Zatypota bohemani (Holmgren, 1860)</taxonomicName>
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; associatedOccurrences: RMNH.ARA.14037; associatedSequences: http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=PWSH006-13; Location: country:
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; stateProvince: Gelderland; locality:
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; coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: 30; Event: eventDate:
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; basisOfRecord: specimen
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<taxonomicName id="DBF267C057CC80615E91706A8C473C0D" ID-CoL="49LY" authority="Gray 1865" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1865" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Echinoprocta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1547" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A6A83C3E1ADF569EB988C773A4A5CE20" italics="true" pageNumber="1547">Echinoprocta</emphasis>
Gray 1865
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="0FD12D574E5A3434A6F75652D475CFB5" pageNumber="1547" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="79C244D98C746F94458382B9843FB6F6" pageNumber="1547">
<treatmentCitation id="678A982334439119EF2A748A32B162FD" author="Gray" authority="Gray 1865" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1865" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Echinoprocta" journal="Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond." kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" page="321" pageNumber="1547" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" title="Echinoprocta" volume="1865" year="1865">
<taxonomicName id="E00093D05F233DF24A1EBD8FBAE20E2F" ID-CoL="49LY" authority="Gray 1865" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1865" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Echinoprocta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1547" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C7AC1AD6814C2D9461D23030A065CDD" italics="true" pageNumber="1547">Echinoprocta</emphasis>
Gray 1865
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibCitation id="D7EBBD3B32580EFE545D78378CFA5DC0" author="Gray" journal="Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond." pageNumber="1547" pagination="321" title="Echinoprocta" volume="1865" year="1865">Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865: 321</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7C8A50FEEA6DECF6A5754CFFE56E3EA6" pageNumber="1547" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="D8AE0962C1CC9B0A3304D18646A52170" pageNumber="1547">
<emphasis id="1BB412ADEA703FBF0D65072049B404BC" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1547">Type Species:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="203A752AB6B173DB875D938B0321FBCC" authority="Gray 1865" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1865" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Erithizon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1547" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufescens" subGenus="Echinoprocta">
<emphasis id="8CC02AC630D3A2F41955F2BBE68A05A8" italics="true" pageNumber="1547">Erithizon (Echinoprocta) rufescens</emphasis>
Gray 1865
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A950B1E94E2F7FB0EB89FD621D2F467E" pageNumber="1547" type="child_taxa">
<paragraph id="68D7D82CB15590F93B8055DA703EF700" pageNumber="1547">
<emphasis id="F16FD06DBE4E21146CA2451EC0BD337F" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1547">Species and subspecies:</emphasis>
1 species:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6ECD0E6AA3976FA7689D7CF49312351B" pageNumber="1547">
Species
<taxonomicName id="B866E388BCF49AB992140023798A75D8" authority="Gray 1865" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1865" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Echinoprocta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1547" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufescens">
<emphasis id="03346AFAC458F3A93C8B3B5DB13FAA9D" italics="true" pageNumber="1547">Echinoprocta rufescens</emphasis>
Gray 1865
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

715
data/AC/11/52/AC11523477455E2FB5744F3556682C3F.xml Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,715 @@
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<mods:title>Revision of the Exechia parva group (Diptera: Mycetophilidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:number>2021-09-24</mods:number>
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<taxonomicName LSID="AC115234-7745-5E2F-B574-4F3556682C3F" authority="Johannsen, 1912" authorityName="Johannsen" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Exechia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Exechia capillata" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capillata">Exechia capillata Johannsen, 1912</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Johannsen" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Exechia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Exechia capillata" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capillata">Exechia capillata</taxonomicName>
Johannsen, 1912:73 ♂♀ (
<bibRefCitation author="Johannsen, O. A." journalOrPublisher="Maine Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" pagination="57 - 146" refId="B6115357" refString="Johannsen, O. A., 1912. The fungus gnats of North America. Part IV (onclusion). Maine Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin 200: 57 - 146" title="The fungus gnats of North America. Part IV (onclusion)" volume="200" year="1912">Johannsen 1912</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Materials</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="Holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Type status:</emphasis>
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Occurrence:</emphasis>
catalogNumber: TTG-TBB-2046; recordedBy: O. A. Johannsen; individualCount:
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" type="generic">1</specimenCount>
; sex:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">male</specimenType>
; lifeStage:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">adult</specimenType>
; preparations: Slide mounted in canada balsam, terminalia in glycerine in micro-vial;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Record Level:</emphasis>
institutionCode: CUIC
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2012-09-14" collectingMethod="Malaise Trap" collectionCode="BIOUG" collectorName="Brett Sarchuk" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" elevation="0" latitude="53.685" location="Pinned" longitude="-112.86" municipality="Brett Sarchuk" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" specimenCode="BIOUG 04555 - G 02" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="Other material">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Type status:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2012-09-14" collectingMethod="Malaise Trap" collectionCode="BIOUG" collectorName="Brett Sarchuk" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" elevation="0" latitude="53.685" location="Pinned" longitude="-112.86" municipality="Brett Sarchuk" specimenCode="BIOUG 04555 - G 02" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="Other material">
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Other material</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">
<collectingCounty>Occurrence</collectingCounty>
:
</emphasis>
catalogNumber:
<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">BIOUG04555-G02</specimenCode>
; recordedBy:
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">
<collectingMunicipality>Brett Sarchuk</collectingMunicipality>
</collectorName>
; individualCount:
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" type="generic">1</specimenCount>
; sex:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">female</specimenType>
; lifeStage:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">adult</specimenType>
; preparations:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC11523477455E2FB5744F3556682C3F:2A13AD4F171DB4EE348D8FBBDCF0469D" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" latitude="53.685" longitude="-112.86" municipality="Brett Sarchuk" name="Pinned" stateProvince="Alberta">Pinned</location>
, with genitalia in glycerine in separate microvial;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC11523477455E2FB5744F3556682C3F:CE77C2DAE081814C35CB800759DA2A1D" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" latitude="53.685" longitude="-112.86" municipality="Brett Sarchuk" name="Location" stateProvince="Alberta">Location</location>
:
</emphasis>
country:
<collectingCountry name="Canada" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Canada</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince:
<collectingRegion country="Canada" name="Alberta">Alberta</collectingRegion>
; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC11523477455E2FB5744F3556682C3F:20AFF06DE81A32D1BF574E2C432D56C2" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" latitude="53.685" longitude="-112.86" municipality="Brett Sarchuk" name="Elk Island National Park, Astotin Lake, The Point, near administration / warden office" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" stateProvince="Alberta">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC11523477455E2FB5744F3556682C3F:45C24703DD4FAED77EF3C9D5094A05C5" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" latitude="53.685" longitude="-112.86" municipality="Brett Sarchuk" name="Elk Island National Park" stateProvince="Alberta">Elk Island National Park</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC11523477455E2FB5744F3556682C3F:A0892733973DB038697DFB80DA877CB2" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" latitude="53.685" longitude="-112.86" municipality="Brett Sarchuk" name="Astotin Lake" stateProvince="Alberta">Astotin Lake</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC11523477455E2FB5744F3556682C3F:99C397E5634ED68E1AE4E7D164AE4A06" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" latitude="53.685" longitude="-112.86" municipality="Brett Sarchuk" name="The Point" stateProvince="Alberta">The Point</location>
, near administration/warden office
</location>
; verbatimElevation:
<elevation pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.19" unit="m" value="719.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.19" unit="m" value="719.0">719 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</elevation>
; decimalLatitude:
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; decimalLongitude:
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;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC11523477455E2FB5744F3556682C3F:401E1E4F24E15F9375081D5F5A2DEDCE" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" latitude="53.685" longitude="-112.86" municipality="Brett Sarchuk" name="Event" stateProvince="Alberta">Event</location>
:
</emphasis>
samplingProtocol:
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Malaise Trap</collectingMethod>
; eventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" value="2012-09-14">2012-09-14</collectingDate>
; habitat: Forest; fieldNotes: peninsula, emergent white birch/willow/trembling aspen;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Record Level:</emphasis>
institutionCode: CBG
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2013-09-27" collectingMethod="Malaise Trap, Malaise Traps" collectionCode="BIOUG" collectorName="Bernard Martin" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" elevation="0" latitude="46.7707" location="Pinned" longitude="-65.0064" municipality="Bernard Martin" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" specimenCode="BIOUG 11733 - G 07" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="New Brunswick" typeStatus="Other material">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Type status:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2013-09-27" collectingMethod="Malaise Trap, Malaise Traps" collectionCode="BIOUG" collectorName="Bernard Martin" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" elevation="0" latitude="46.7707" location="Pinned" longitude="-65.0064" municipality="Bernard Martin" specimenCode="BIOUG 11733 - G 07" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="New Brunswick" typeStatus="Other material">
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Other material</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">
<collectingCounty>Occurrence</collectingCounty>
:
</emphasis>
catalogNumber:
<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">BIOUG11733-G07</specimenCode>
; recordedBy:
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">
<collectingMunicipality>Bernard Martin</collectingMunicipality>
</collectorName>
; individualCount:
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" type="generic">1</specimenCount>
; sex:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">female</specimenType>
; lifeStage:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">adult</specimenType>
; preparations:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC11523477455E2FB5744F3556682C3F:4B66DE0FA478776E2041518B98190177" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" latitude="46.7707" longitude="-65.0064" municipality="Bernard Martin" name="Pinned" stateProvince="New Brunswick">Pinned</location>
, with genitalia in glycerine in separate microvial;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC11523477455E2FB5744F3556682C3F:EB62F5A226CD5FA2C8EBB9FDF855617B" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" latitude="46.7707" longitude="-65.0064" municipality="Bernard Martin" name="Location" stateProvince="New Brunswick">Location</location>
:
</emphasis>
country:
<collectingCountry name="Canada" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Canada</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince:
<collectingRegion country="Canada" name="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</collectingRegion>
; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC11523477455E2FB5744F3556682C3F:B2995B9B54BDAADFD65C98B301985434" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" latitude="46.7707" longitude="-65.0064" municipality="Bernard Martin" name="Kouchibouguac National Park, Near Park Compound, behind Research House" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" stateProvince="New Brunswick">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC11523477455E2FB5744F3556682C3F:E2043D1D7E8321B795863FB46C089A2E" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" latitude="46.7707" longitude="-65.0064" municipality="Bernard Martin" name="Kouchibouguac National Park" stateProvince="New Brunswick">Kouchibouguac National Park</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC11523477455E2FB5744F3556682C3F:F25BA3F639856A7D97E15F7B553054DC" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" latitude="46.7707" longitude="-65.0064" municipality="Bernard Martin" name="Near Park Compound" stateProvince="New Brunswick">Near Park Compound</location>
, behind
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC11523477455E2FB5744F3556682C3F:DAC7B7C4B0C14D51826A7F8DABE67D85" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" latitude="46.7707" longitude="-65.0064" municipality="Bernard Martin" name="Research House" stateProvince="New Brunswick">Research House</location>
</location>
; verbatimElevation:
<elevation pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" unit="m" value="61.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" unit="m" value="61.0">61 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</elevation>
; decimalLatitude:
<geoCoordinate orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" value="46.7707">46.7707</geoCoordinate>
; decimalLongitude:
<geoCoordinate orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" value="-65.0064">-65.0064</geoCoordinate>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC11523477455E2FB5744F3556682C3F:76F6D24DF02927F08F93B390B9B12B87" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" latitude="46.7707" longitude="-65.0064" municipality="Bernard Martin" name="Event" stateProvince="New Brunswick">Event</location>
:
</emphasis>
samplingProtocol:
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Malaise Trap</collectingMethod>
; eventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" value="2013-09-27">2013-09-27</collectingDate>
; habitat: Forest; fieldNotes: 2
<collectingMethod>Malaise Traps</collectingMethod>
|mixed forest;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Record Level:</emphasis>
institutionCode: CBG
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2010-07-30" collectingMethod="Pan Trap" collectorName="BIObus 2010, Kootenay NP" country="Canada" elevation="0" latitude="50.627" location="Kootenay NP, Redstreak Campground" longitude="-116.055" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" specimenCode="10 BBCDIP- 0557" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="British Columbia" typeStatus="Other material">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Type status:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2010-07-30" collectingMethod="Pan Trap" collectorName="BIObus 2010, Kootenay NP" country="Canada" elevation="0" latitude="50.627" location="Kootenay NP, Redstreak Campground" longitude="-116.055" specimenCode="10 BBCDIP- 0557" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="British Columbia" typeStatus="Other material">
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Other material</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Occurrence:</emphasis>
catalogNumber:
<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">10BBCDIP-0557</specimenCode>
; recordedBy:
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">BIObus 2010</collectorName>
; individualCount:
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" type="generic">1</specimenCount>
; sex:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">male</specimenType>
; lifeStage:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">adult</specimenType>
; preparations: Pinned, with genitalia in glycerine in separate microvial;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Location:</emphasis>
country:
<collectingCountry name="Canada" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Canada</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince:
<collectingRegion country="Canada" name="British Columbia">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC11523477455E2FB5744F3556682C3F:B41E98FDF1BF59C2CF614DBD2D692CAA" country="Canada" latitude="50.627" longitude="-116.055" name="Kootenay NP, Redstreak Campground" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" stateProvince="British Columbia">
<collectorName>Kootenay NP</collectorName>
, Redstreak Campground
</location>
; verbatimElevation:
<elevation pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.018" unit="m" value="1018.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.018" unit="m" value="1018.0">1018 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</elevation>
; decimalLatitude:
<geoCoordinate orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" value="50.627">50.627</geoCoordinate>
; decimalLongitude:
<geoCoordinate orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" value="-116.055">-116.055</geoCoordinate>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Event:</emphasis>
samplingProtocol:
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Pan Trap</collectingMethod>
; eventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" value="2010-07-30">2010-07-30</collectingDate>
; habitat: Mixed Habitat; fieldNotes: 10 Yellow Pans||Mixed coniferous and grasses;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Record Level:</emphasis>
institutionCode: CBG
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2014-01-10" collectingMethod="Malaise Trap, Malaise traps" collectionCode="BIOUG" collectorName="Occurrence, M. Otway" country="Canada" county="Pinned" elevation="0" latitude="49.001" location="Grasslands National Park, East Block" longitude="-106.557" municipality="Location" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" specimenCode="BIOUG 21428 - G 08" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Saskatchewan" typeStatus="Other material">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Type status:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2014-01-10" collectingMethod="Malaise Trap, Malaise traps" collectionCode="BIOUG" collectorName="Occurrence, M. Otway" country="Canada" county="Pinned" elevation="0" latitude="49.001" location="Grasslands National Park, East Block" longitude="-106.557" municipality="Location" specimenCode="BIOUG 21428 - G 08" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Saskatchewan" typeStatus="Other material">
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Other material</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">
<collectorName>Occurrence</collectorName>
:
</emphasis>
catalogNumber:
<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">BIOUG21428-G08</specimenCode>
; recordedBy:
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">M.Otway</collectorName>
; individualCount:
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" type="generic">1</specimenCount>
; sex:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">male</specimenType>
; lifeStage:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">adult</specimenType>
; preparations:
<collectingCounty>Pinned</collectingCounty>
, with genitalia in glycerine in separate microvial;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">
<collectingMunicipality>Location</collectingMunicipality>
:
</emphasis>
country:
<collectingCountry name="Canada" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Canada</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince:
<collectingRegion country="Canada" name="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</collectingRegion>
; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC11523477455E2FB5744F3556682C3F:170EC9AFB524FAFB458C671404030488" country="Canada" county="Pinned" latitude="49.001" longitude="-106.557" municipality="Location" name="Grasslands National Park, East Block" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" stateProvince="Saskatchewan">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC11523477455E2FB5744F3556682C3F:19F9B873900457BB0241CAA240D3E989" country="Canada" county="Pinned" latitude="49.001" longitude="-106.557" municipality="Location" name="Grasslands National Park" stateProvince="Saskatchewan">Grasslands National Park</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC11523477455E2FB5744F3556682C3F:75FC9B96D1A9F53C675A52F776FB27BC" country="Canada" county="Pinned" latitude="49.001" longitude="-106.557" municipality="Location" name="East Block" stateProvince="Saskatchewan">East Block</location>
</location>
; verbatimElevation:
<elevation pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.89" unit="m" value="889.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.89" unit="m" value="889.0">889 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</elevation>
; decimalLatitude:
<geoCoordinate orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" value="49.001">49.001</geoCoordinate>
; decimalLongitude:
<geoCoordinate orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" value="-106.557">-106.557</geoCoordinate>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC11523477455E2FB5744F3556682C3F:23DC06C4E5F288323016F095835D1C53" country="Canada" county="Pinned" latitude="49.001" longitude="-106.557" municipality="Location" name="Event" stateProvince="Saskatchewan">Event</location>
:
</emphasis>
samplingProtocol:
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Malaise Trap</collectingMethod>
; eventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" value="2014-01-10">2014-10-01</collectingDate>
; habitat: Grassland; fieldNotes: 2
<collectingMethod>Malaise traps</collectingMethod>
|In shrubland habitat, along a corridor of shrubs in a coulee;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Record Level:</emphasis>
institutionCode: CBG
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-09-30" collectingMethod="Malaise Trap" collectionCode="BIOUG" collectorName="Amy Audoux" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" elevation="0" latitude="45.9686" location="Pinned" longitude="-66.624" municipality="Amy Audoux" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" specimenCode="BIOUG 31068 - C 05" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="New Brunswick" typeStatus="Other material">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Type status:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-09-30" collectingMethod="Malaise Trap" collectionCode="BIOUG" collectorName="Amy Audoux" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" elevation="0" latitude="45.9686" location="Pinned" longitude="-66.624" municipality="Amy Audoux" specimenCode="BIOUG 31068 - C 05" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="New Brunswick" typeStatus="Other material">
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Other material</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">
<collectingCounty>Occurrence</collectingCounty>
:
</emphasis>
catalogNumber:
<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">BIOUG31068-C05</specimenCode>
; recordedBy:
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">
<collectingMunicipality>Amy Audoux</collectingMunicipality>
</collectorName>
; individualCount:
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" type="generic">1</specimenCount>
; sex:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">male</specimenType>
; lifeStage:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">adult</specimenType>
; preparations:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC11523477455E2FB5744F3556682C3F:5C1D99E97CB45DC0CBFE37C50CAD03A1" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" latitude="45.9686" longitude="-66.624" municipality="Amy Audoux" name="Pinned" stateProvince="New Brunswick">Pinned</location>
, with genitalia in glycerine in separate microvial;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC11523477455E2FB5744F3556682C3F:8DEE60B2E479C8FD5CB34E9A58FC7DAB" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" latitude="45.9686" longitude="-66.624" municipality="Amy Audoux" name="Location" stateProvince="New Brunswick">Location</location>
:
</emphasis>
country:
<collectingCountry name="Canada" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Canada</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince:
<collectingRegion country="Canada" name="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</collectingRegion>
; municipality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC11523477455E2FB5744F3556682C3F:2DBB650FC01D720822C182C52AE65A38" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" latitude="45.9686" longitude="-66.624" municipality="Amy Audoux" name="Fredericton" stateProvince="New Brunswick">Fredericton</location>
; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC11523477455E2FB5744F3556682C3F:3E5DE387E62C5C26F0C7F31EA66D1231" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" latitude="45.9686" longitude="-66.624" municipality="Amy Audoux" name="Devon Middle School" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" stateProvince="New Brunswick">Devon Middle School</location>
; verbatimElevation:
<elevation pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" unit="m" value="13.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" unit="m" value="13.0">13 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</elevation>
; locationRemarks: EQP-CLL-911; decimalLatitude:
<geoCoordinate orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" value="45.9686">45.9686</geoCoordinate>
; decimalLongitude:
<geoCoordinate orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" value="-66.624">-66.624</geoCoordinate>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC11523477455E2FB5744F3556682C3F:0F7101A5CBA9D727BC64B5E2B30561B1" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" latitude="45.9686" longitude="-66.624" municipality="Amy Audoux" name="Event" stateProvince="New Brunswick">Event</location>
:
</emphasis>
samplingProtocol:
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Malaise Trap</collectingMethod>
; eventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" value="2016-09-30">2016-09-30</collectingDate>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Record Level:</emphasis>
institutionCode: CBG
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-09-30" collectingMethod="Malaise Trap" collectionCode="BIOUG" collectorName="Derek Lindskoog" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" elevation="0" latitude="53.5707" location="Pinned" longitude="-113.433" municipality="Derek Lindskoog" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" specimenCode="BIOUG 31108 - D 02" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="Other material">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Type status:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-09-30" collectingMethod="Malaise Trap" collectionCode="BIOUG" collectorName="Derek Lindskoog" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" elevation="0" latitude="53.5707" location="Pinned" longitude="-113.433" municipality="Derek Lindskoog" specimenCode="BIOUG 31108 - D 02" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="Other material">
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Other material</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">
<collectingCounty>Occurrence</collectingCounty>
:
</emphasis>
catalogNumber:
<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">BIOUG31108-D02</specimenCode>
; recordedBy:
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">
<collectingMunicipality>Derek Lindskoog</collectingMunicipality>
</collectorName>
; individualCount:
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" type="generic">1</specimenCount>
; sex:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">male</specimenType>
; lifeStage:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">adult</specimenType>
; preparations:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC11523477455E2FB5744F3556682C3F:59DD85F32097C73B62163BE5EADBCE36" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" latitude="53.5707" longitude="-113.433" municipality="Derek Lindskoog" name="Pinned" stateProvince="Alberta">Pinned</location>
, with genitalia in glycerine in separate microvial;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC11523477455E2FB5744F3556682C3F:70D3306959F0AB66558B2EC304DEEDE0" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" latitude="53.5707" longitude="-113.433" municipality="Derek Lindskoog" name="Location" stateProvince="Alberta">Location</location>
:
</emphasis>
country:
<collectingCountry name="Canada" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Canada</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince:
<collectingRegion country="Canada" name="Alberta">Alberta</collectingRegion>
; municipality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC11523477455E2FB5744F3556682C3F:69294754FF011B34A65C18B8B54B9304" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" latitude="53.5707" longitude="-113.433" municipality="Derek Lindskoog" name="Edmonton" stateProvince="Alberta">Edmonton</location>
; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC11523477455E2FB5744F3556682C3F:948FF838F2CDDDF1F8C86C218C6AFC1C" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" latitude="53.5707" longitude="-113.433" municipality="Derek Lindskoog" name="Highlands School" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" stateProvince="Alberta">Highlands School</location>
; verbatimElevation:
<elevation pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.58" unit="m" value="658.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.58" unit="m" value="658.0">658 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</elevation>
; locationRemarks: EQP-CLL-905; decimalLatitude:
<geoCoordinate orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" value="53.5707">53.5707</geoCoordinate>
; decimalLongitude:
<geoCoordinate orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" value="-113.433">-113.433</geoCoordinate>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC11523477455E2FB5744F3556682C3F:A39ED6D303CB7FCDE5717B94DCE74537" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" latitude="53.5707" longitude="-113.433" municipality="Derek Lindskoog" name="Event" stateProvince="Alberta">Event</location>
:
</emphasis>
samplingProtocol:
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Malaise Trap</collectingMethod>
; eventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" value="2016-09-30">2016-09-30</collectingDate>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Record Level:</emphasis>
institutionCode: CBG
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2012-06-14" collectingMethod="Pitfall Trap, pitfall traps" collectionCode="BIOUG" collectorName="BIOBus 2012, Site C, Event, Forest, Record Level" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" elevation="0" latitude="53.195" location="Location" longitude="-117.914" municipality="Pinned" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" specimenCode="BIOUG 05792 - H 02" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="Other material">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Type status:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2012-06-14" collectingMethod="Pitfall Trap, pitfall traps" collectionCode="BIOUG" collectorName="BIOBus 2012, Site C, Event, Forest, Record Level, Type" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" elevation="0" latitude="53.195" location="Location" longitude="-117.914" municipality="Pinned" specimenCode="BIOUG 05792 - H 02" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="Other material">
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Other material</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">
<collectingCounty>Occurrence</collectingCounty>
:
</emphasis>
catalogNumber:
<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">BIOUG05792-H02</specimenCode>
; recordedBy:
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">BIOBus 2012</collectorName>
; individualCount:
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" type="generic">1</specimenCount>
; sex:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">female</specimenType>
; lifeStage:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">adult</specimenType>
; preparations:
<collectingMunicipality>Pinned</collectingMunicipality>
, with genitalia in glycerine in separate microvial;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC11523477455E2FB5744F3556682C3F:33F1EE552E89F3F82839F758D40BDDA4" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" latitude="53.195" longitude="-117.914" municipality="Pinned" name="Location" stateProvince="Alberta">Location</location>
:
</emphasis>
country:
<collectingCountry name="Canada" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Canada</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince:
<collectingRegion country="Canada" name="Alberta">Alberta</collectingRegion>
; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC11523477455E2FB5744F3556682C3F:931C99769E29DA09C919FC83E0976BE4" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" latitude="53.195" longitude="-117.914" municipality="Pinned" name="Jasper National Park, Pocahontas Campground" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" stateProvince="Alberta">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC11523477455E2FB5744F3556682C3F:1F507DE9133354F4CC2E76E0B2B36F8C" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" latitude="53.195" longitude="-117.914" municipality="Pinned" name="Jasper National Park" stateProvince="Alberta">Jasper National Park</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC11523477455E2FB5744F3556682C3F:3BC3EC7300C25CD78BEB715D72109FF4" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" latitude="53.195" longitude="-117.914" municipality="Pinned" name="Pocahontas Campground" stateProvince="Alberta">Pocahontas Campground</location>
</location>
; verbatimElevation:
<elevation pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1309999999999998" unit="m" value="1131.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1309999999999998" unit="m" value="1131.0">1131 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</elevation>
; locationRemarks:
<collectorName>Site C</collectorName>
21; decimalLatitude:
<geoCoordinate orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" value="53.195">53.195</geoCoordinate>
; decimalLongitude:
<geoCoordinate orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" value="-117.914">-117.914</geoCoordinate>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">
<collectorName>Event</collectorName>
:
</emphasis>
samplingProtocol:
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Pitfall Trap</collectingMethod>
; eventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" value="2012-06-14">06/14/2012</collectingDate>
; habitat:
<collectorName>Forest</collectorName>
; fieldNotes: 10
<collectingMethod>pitfall traps</collectingMethod>
|birch and spruce forest on a slope, lots of fallen logs;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">
<collectorName>Record Level</collectorName>
:
</emphasis>
institutionCode: CBG
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2012-06-14" collectingMethod="Intercept Trap, intercept trap" collectionCode="BIOUG" collectorName="Type, BIOBus 2012" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" elevation="0" latitude="53.9872" location="Location" longitude="-106.282" municipality="Pinned" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" specimenCode="BIOUG 06581 - D 12" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Saskatchewan" typeStatus="Other material">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">
<collectorName>Type</collectorName>
status:
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2012-06-14" collectingMethod="Intercept Trap, intercept trap" collectionCode="BIOUG" collectorName="BIOBus 2012" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" elevation="0" latitude="53.9872" location="Location" longitude="-106.282" municipality="Pinned" specimenCode="BIOUG 06581 - D 12" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Saskatchewan" typeStatus="Other material">
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Other material</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">
<collectingCounty>Occurrence</collectingCounty>
:
</emphasis>
catalogNumber:
<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">BIOUG06581-D12</specimenCode>
; recordedBy:
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">BIOBus 2012</collectorName>
; individualCount:
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" type="generic">1</specimenCount>
; sex:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">female</specimenType>
; lifeStage:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">adult</specimenType>
; preparations:
<collectingMunicipality>Pinned</collectingMunicipality>
, with genitalia in glycerine in separate microvial;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC11523477455E2FB5744F3556682C3F:A64F7F17FDB4BC8D449199A2D145D3A7" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" latitude="53.9872" longitude="-106.282" municipality="Pinned" name="Location" stateProvince="Saskatchewan">Location</location>
:
</emphasis>
country:
<collectingCountry name="Canada" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Canada</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince:
<collectingRegion country="Canada" name="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</collectingRegion>
; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC11523477455E2FB5744F3556682C3F:BAE3DA14080D6E10E628300B457D565D" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" latitude="53.9872" longitude="-106.282" municipality="Pinned" name="Prince Albert National Park, Narrows Peninsula Trail" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" stateProvince="Saskatchewan">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC11523477455E2FB5744F3556682C3F:04D0FAE5D352199174DD74E32C7C243D" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" latitude="53.9872" longitude="-106.282" municipality="Pinned" name="Prince Albert National Park" stateProvince="Saskatchewan">Prince Albert National Park</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC11523477455E2FB5744F3556682C3F:FF1423ED135902AED3CE00292C3E72CE" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" latitude="53.9872" longitude="-106.282" municipality="Pinned" name="Narrows Peninsula Trail" stateProvince="Saskatchewan">Narrows Peninsula Trail</location>
</location>
; verbatimElevation:
<elevation pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" unit="m" value="530.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" unit="m" value="530.0">530 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</elevation>
; decimalLatitude:
<geoCoordinate orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" value="53.9872">53.9872</geoCoordinate>
; decimalLongitude:
<geoCoordinate orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" value="-106.282">-106.282</geoCoordinate>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC11523477455E2FB5744F3556682C3F:698654AB61B3591CA65BE15F5F789BFC" country="Canada" county="Occurrence" latitude="53.9872" longitude="-106.282" municipality="Pinned" name="Event" stateProvince="Saskatchewan">Event</location>
:
</emphasis>
samplingProtocol:
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Intercept Trap</collectingMethod>
; eventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" value="2012-06-14">06/14/2012</collectingDate>
; habitat: Forest; fieldNotes: 1
<collectingMethod>intercept trap</collectingMethod>
|partly cloudy|24C|white spruce and poplar forest
</materialsCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Description</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">
Male (n = 4): Body length 2.7-3.5 mm. Wing length 2.4-3.0 mm.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Colouration</emphasis>
(Dry specimen). Head dark brown; face and clypeus brown to dark brown; labellum brown; palpus yellow. Antenna with scape and pedicel yellow; flagellum brown to dark brown, basal part of first segment pale. Scutum and lateral sclerites brown to dark brown; propleura yellow to dark brown; halteres whitish-yellow; wings hyaline tinged brown. Legs whitish-yellow. Abdomen dark brown, tergites I-III slightly paler, sometimes tergite II with distinct pale lateral area covering ventral half. Terminalia yellow.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Head</emphasis>
. Frons and vertex covered with pale short setae. Clypeus covered with pale setae, evenly distributed. Antenna (n = 2) 2.0-2.1 times as long as length from vertex to ventral margin of clypeus; flagellomeres quadrate or slightly longer than broad, sixth flagellomere 1.0-1.15 times as long as wide.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Thorax</emphasis>
. Scutum covered with pale setae.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Legs</emphasis>
. Fore leg with tibia (n = 2) 0.9-0.94 times as long as first tarsomere. Mid-tibia with 15-19 anterior, 4-5 posterodorsal, 5-7 posterior and 2-4 posteroventral bristles. Hind tibia with (n = 3) 5-7 anterodorsal, (n = 3) 3-5 posterodorsal and (n = 3) 4 posterior bristles.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Wings</emphasis>
. Vein r-m 2.5-2.9 times longer than stem of M-fork.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Abdomen.</emphasis>
Tergites covered with pale setae.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Terminalia</emphasis>
(n =2, Fig.
<figureCitation captionStartId="F6406534" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">17</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStartId="F6406539" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStartId="F6406540" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStartId="F6406541" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">c</figureCitation>
). Each part of divided tergite IX with about 3-4 setae, most apical seta stout. Gonocoxites with GL length 0.46-0.48 of gonocoxite width, apico-internal margin slightly angled exteriorly, basal half or basal two thirds covered with setae, apex with 3-4 setae (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStartId="F6406534" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">17</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStartId="F6406539" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStartId="F6406540" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">b</figureCitation>
). Aedaegal guides short and round (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStartId="F6406534" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">17</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStartId="F6406539" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStartId="F6406540" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">b</figureCitation>
). Hypandrium covered with 12-13 setae, apical pair reaching about half of GL (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStartId="F6406534" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">17</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStartId="F6406539" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStartId="F6406540" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">b</figureCitation>
). Hypandrial lobe with each branch slender, evenly tapering. Gonostylus (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStartId="F6406534" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">17</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStartId="F6406541" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">c</figureCitation>
) with DB 2.3-2.45 times longer than broad, basal part square-shaped; apical lobe well defined, elongate, curving ventrally, apex rounded; evenly covered with setae on dorsal side, except on apical lobe; medio-external margin expanded distally, forming short process with row of 4-5 setae. VB with 2 small setae. IB apically with 1 seta close to apex and row of 2-3 setae one-third from apex. MB apex acute, with 1 seta close to base.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">
Female (n = 4): Body length 2.6-2.7 mm. Wing length 2.2-2.3 mm.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Colouration</emphasis>
(Dry specimen). Head dark brown; face and clypeus brown to dark brown; labellum brown; palpus yellow. Antenna with scape and pedicel yellow; flagellum brown, basal part of first flagellomere pale. Thorax with scutum brown to dark brown; lateral sclerites brown; propleura pale brown; halteres whitish-yellow; wings hyaline tinged with brown. Legs whitish-yellow. Abdomen pale brown to dark brown, tergites II-VI with lateral pale areas extending somewhat dorsally along anterior margin of tergites III and VI, but not forming any complete band. Terminalia pale brown.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Head</emphasis>
. Vertex, frons and clypeus covered with pale setae. Antenna (n = 3) 1.8-1.9 times as long as length from vertex to ventral margin of clypeus; flagellomeres quadrate, with sixth flagellomere as long as broad.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Thorax</emphasis>
. Scutum covered with pale setae.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Legs</emphasis>
. Fore leg with tibia (n = 3) 0.95-1.0 times as long as first tarsomere. Mid-tibia with (n = 3) 17-19 anterior, 3-4 posterodorsal, (n = 3) 5-6 posterior and (n = 3) 2-3 posteroventral bristles. Hind tibia with 4-5 anterodorsal, 5-6 posterodorsal and 4 posterior bristles.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Wings</emphasis>
. Vein r-m (n = 1) 2.4-2.6 times longer than stem of M-fork.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Abdomen.</emphasis>
Tergites covered with brown setae.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Terminalia</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStartId="F6406534" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">17</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStartId="F6406542" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStartId="F6406543" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">e</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStartId="F6406544" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">f</figureCitation>
). Cerci with apical segment half as long as basal segment. Tergite VIII with apicolateral margin slightly angular or virtually straight (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStartId="F6406534" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">17</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStartId="F6406542" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">d</figureCitation>
). Sternite VII apicoventral margin evenly rounded. Sternite VIII (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStartId="F6406534" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">17</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStartId="F6406543" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">e</figureCitation>
) with hypogynal valves separated by narrow cleft with depth about one-fourth of sternite VIII length; apical seta length 0.6-0.65 of sternite VIII medial length. Gonapophysis IX (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStartId="F6406534" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">17</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStartId="F6406544" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">f</figureCitation>
) with basolateral part expanding in relatively obtuse angle; spermathecal eminence in ventral view appearing simple, unbranched; apically with about 8 small setae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Diagnosis</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">
Distinguished from all species in the
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Araceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. parva" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">E. parva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group in having the dorsal gonostylus branch with the medio-external margin forming a short distally projected process (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStartId="F6406534" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">17</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStartId="F6406541" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">c</figureCitation>
), in combination with the gonocoxal lobe with apico-internal margin slightly angled exteriorly (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStartId="F6406534" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">17</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStartId="F6406539" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">a</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">
Nearctic, Canada, USA (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F6415657" captionText="Figure 13. Distribution map of species in the E. parva group occurring in the Nearctic Region, based on localities from studied material, type material and DNA-barcoded material. Different species are represented by individual colours. Altitudes are indicated in shades from grey (lowland) to white (mountains)." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.9.e67134.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/483998" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">13</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" type="biology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Biology</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">
Reared from fruitbody of
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Tricholomataceae" genus="Collybia" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Collybia dryophila" order="Agaricales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="dryophila">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Collybia dryophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Bull.: Fr.) P. Kumm. =
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus dryophilus" order="Agaricales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="dryophilus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Gymnopus dryophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Bull.: Fr.) Murrill (
<bibRefCitation author="Johannsen, O. A." journalOrPublisher="Maine Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" pagination="57 - 146" refId="B6115357" refString="Johannsen, O. A., 1912. The fungus gnats of North America. Part IV (onclusion). Maine Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin 200: 57 - 146" title="The fungus gnats of North America. Part IV (onclusion)" volume="200" year="1912">Johannsen 1912</bibRefCitation>
). Adults collected in different types of forest, grassland and wetland habitats.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67134">
Holotype with whole specimen, except terminalia mounted on slide in Canada balsam with one wing detached. Terminalia in alcohol, transferred to glycerine and associated with empty pin with labels in type collection. A second tube with terminalia of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Araceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. dorsalis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="67134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">E. cf. dorsalis</taxonomicName>
misplaced in same vial - this was also transferred to glycerine in a microvial and pinned separately.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<paragraph id="2407C312FFC20B153B5CFE64FBFDFE2B" blockId="6.[554,1034,436,463]" box="[554,1034,436,463]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<heading id="7F4F747EFFC20B153B5CFE64FBFDFE2B" box="[554,1034,436,463]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="2">
Genus
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<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC20B153B0AFE65FD1CFE2A" bold="true" box="[636,747,436,462]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Perspiria</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC20B153B84FE64FBFDFE2B" author="Wieser W. &amp; Hopper B." box="[754,1034,437,463]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="239 - 343" refId="ref11687" refString="Wieser W. &amp; Hopper B. 1967. Marine nematodes of the east coast of North America. I. Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 135: 239 - 343." type="journal article" year="1967">Wieser &amp; Hopper, 1967</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="6CA29099FFC20B1539CBFE27FD45FDDB" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC20B1539CBFE27FEAFFDF4" blockId="6.[189,344,502,528]" box="[189,344,502,528]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<heading id="7F4F747EFFC20B1539CBFE27FEAFFDF4" bold="true" box="[189,344,502,528]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="3">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC20B1539CBFE27FEAFFDF4" bold="true" box="[189,344,502,528]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<typeStatus id="FB037DB0FFC20B1539CBFE27FF0DFDF4" box="[189,250,502,528]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Type</typeStatus>
species
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC20B1539CBFDF7FD45FDDB" blockId="6.[189,690,549,575]" box="[189,690,549,575]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC20B1539CBFDF7FD5AFDDB" authority="Wieser &amp; Hopper, 1967" authorityName="Wieser &amp; Hopper" authorityYear="1967" box="[189,685,549,575]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Perspiria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hamata">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC20B1539CBFDF7FE7CFDDB" box="[189,395,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Perspiria hamata</emphasis>
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.
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<paragraph id="2407C312FFC20B1539CBFDB7FC6AFD64" blockId="6.[189,925,614,640]" box="[189,925,614,640]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC20B1539CBFDB7FE58FD64" bold="true" box="[189,431,614,640]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Emended diagnosis</emphasis>
(modified from
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC20B153B06FDB7FC62FD64" author="Vincx M. &amp; Gourbault N." box="[624,917,614,640]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="103 - 114" refId="ref11553" refString="Vincx M. &amp; Gourbault N. 1989. Desmodoridae from the Bay of Morlaix (Brittany) and the Southern Bight of the North Sea. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 30: 103 - 114." type="journal article" year="1989">Vincx &amp; Gourbault 1989</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC20B1539CBFD44FA80FD11" blockId="6.[189,1399,661,757]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
As for
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC20B153860FD47FE82FD54" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1963" box="[278,373,662,688]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC20B153860FD47FE82FD54" box="[278,373,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Spirinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see below), but amphids almost never completely surrounded by body annulations (seldom more than half of amphids surrounded by body annulations), amphids are entirely surrounded by annuli in some rare cases; tail conico-cylindrical to filiform. Precloacal supplements usually present.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CA29099FFC20B1439CBFCCDFE23FD61" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC20B1539CBFCCDFEABFCD2" blockId="6.[189,348,796,822]" box="[189,348,796,822]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<heading id="7F4F747EFFC20B1539CBFCCDFEABFCD2" bold="true" box="[189,348,796,822]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="3">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC20B1539CBFCCDFEABFCD2" bold="true" box="[189,348,796,822]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Valid species</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC20B1539CBFC9DFBF9FC16" blockId="6.[189,1399,843,1010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC20B1539CBFC9DFDB5FC81" authority="(Castro et al., 2006)" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Castro et al." baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[189,578,843,869]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Perspiria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="elongata" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC20B1539CBFC9DFEB3FC81" box="[189,324,843,869]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. elongata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC20B153820FC9AFDCDFC81" author="Castro F. J. V. &amp; Bezerra T. N. C. &amp; Da Silva M. C. &amp; Fonseca-Genevois V." box="[342,570,843,869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="53 - 68" refId="ref10284" refString="Castro F. J. V., Bezerra T. N. C., Da Silva M. C. &amp; Fonseca-Genevois V. 2006. Spirinia elongata, sp. nov. (Nematoda, Desmodoridae) from Pina Basin, Pernambuco, Brazil. Zootaxa 1121: 53 - 68." type="journal article" year="2006">
Castro
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC20B1538D8FC9DFE1BFC81" box="[430,492,843,869]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
, 2006
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFC20B153B3AFC9AFD26FC81" box="[588,721,843,869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(synonym:
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC20B153A15FC9DFAD5FC81" authority="Castro et al., 2006" authorityName="Castro" authorityYear="2006" box="[867,1314,843,870]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC20B153A15FC9DFBC5FC81" box="[867,1074,843,870]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Spirinia elongata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC20B153D4AFC9AFAD5FC81" author="Castro F. J. V. &amp; Bezerra T. N. C. &amp; Da Silva M. C. &amp; Fonseca-Genevois V." box="[1084,1314,843,869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="53 - 68" refId="ref10284" refString="Castro F. J. V., Bezerra T. N. C., Da Silva M. C. &amp; Fonseca-Genevois V. 2006. Spirinia elongata, sp. nov. (Nematoda, Desmodoridae) from Pina Basin, Pernambuco, Brazil. Zootaxa 1121: 53 - 68." type="journal article" year="2006">
Castro
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC20B153DE5FC9DFB26FC81" box="[1171,1233,843,869]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
, 2006
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). Main diagnostic characters: “...one very small subventral tooth and two small dorsal teeth.” The drawings show amphids completely surrounded by body annulations, but the authors describe a conico-cylindrical tail with annuli which are more evident in the tail region compared to those along the rest of the body; thus, we transfer this species to
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC20B153B45FC08FD55FC16" authorityName="Wieser &amp; Hopper" authorityYear="1967" box="[563,674,985,1010]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Perspiria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC20B153B45FC08FD55FC16" box="[563,674,985,1010]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Perspiria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC20B153BC7FC09FC7FFC16" author="Castro F. J. V. &amp; Bezerra T. N. C. &amp; Da Silva M. C. &amp; Fonseca-Genevois V." box="[689,904,984,1010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="53 - 68" refId="ref10284" refString="Castro F. J. V., Bezerra T. N. C., Da Silva M. C. &amp; Fonseca-Genevois V. 2006. Spirinia elongata, sp. nov. (Nematoda, Desmodoridae) from Pina Basin, Pernambuco, Brazil. Zootaxa 1121: 53 - 68." type="journal article" year="2006">
Castro
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC20B153A71FC08FCB5FC16" box="[775,834,984,1010]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
: figs 3c, 4).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC20B1539CBFBCAFADCFBB2" blockId="6.[189,1398,1049,1110]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC20B1539CBFBCAFE06FBD7" authority="Vitiello, 1971" authorityName="Vitiello" authorityYear="1971" box="[189,497,1049,1076]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Perspiria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="flagellata">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC20B1539CBFBCAFEB0FBD7" box="[189,327,1049,1076]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. flagellata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC20B15383BFBC8FE06FBD7" author="Vitiello P." box="[333,497,1049,1075]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="647 - 690" refId="ref11590" refString="Vitiello P. 1971. Nematodes libres marins des vases profondes du Golfe du Lion III. Monhysterida, Araeolaimida, Desmodorida. Tethys 2: 647 - 690." type="journal article" year="1971">Vitiello, 1971</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Main diagnostic characters: “Amphid situated anterior to cuticle striations or partially surrounded by them”; very long and slender, almost filiform tail (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC20B153D55FBEDFB34FBB2" author="Vitiello P." box="[1059,1219,1084,1110]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="647 - 690" refId="ref11590" refString="Vitiello P. 1971. Nematodes libres marins des vases profondes du Golfe du Lion III. Monhysterida, Araeolaimida, Desmodorida. Tethys 2: 647 - 690." type="journal article" year="1971">Vitiello 1971</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 29).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC20B1539CBFBAEFBB8FB5F" blockId="6.[189,1399,1150,1211]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC20B1539CBFBAEFD90FB7C" authority="Wieser &amp; Hopper, 1967" authorityName="Wieser &amp; Hopper" authorityYear="1967" box="[189,615,1150,1176]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Perspiria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hamata">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC20B1539CBFBAEFEC1FB7C" box="[189,310,1150,1176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. hamata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC20B153836FBAFFD90FB7C" author="Wieser W. &amp; Hopper B." box="[320,615,1150,1176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="239 - 343" refId="ref11687" refString="Wieser W. &amp; Hopper B. 1967. Marine nematodes of the east coast of North America. I. Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 135: 239 - 343." type="journal article" year="1967">Wieser &amp; Hopper, 1967</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Drawing shows amphids only partially located within the body annuli; long and slender, almost filiform tail (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC20B153BA6FB70FC1FFB5F" author="Wieser W. &amp; Hopper B." box="[720,1000,1185,1211]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="239 - 343" refId="ref11687" refString="Wieser W. &amp; Hopper B. 1967. Marine nematodes of the east coast of North America. I. Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 135: 239 - 343." type="journal article" year="1967">Wieser &amp; Hopper 1967</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 18).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC20B1539CBFB35FD6DFA6D" blockId="6.[189,1399,1250,1418]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC20B1539CBFB35FE08FB18" authority="(Silva et al., 2009)" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Silva et al." baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[189,511,1250,1277]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Perspiria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="lara" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC20B1539CBFB35FEF9FB18" box="[189,270,1250,1277]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. lara</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC20B153857FB33FE01FB18" author="Silva M. C. &amp; Castro F. J. V. &amp; Cavalcanti M. F. &amp; Fonseca-Genevois V." box="[289,502,1250,1277]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="31 - 45" refId="ref11270" refString="Silva M. C., Castro F. J. V., Cavalcanti M. F. &amp; Fonseca-Genevois V. 2009. Spirinia lara sp. n. and Spirinia sophia sp. n. (Nematoda, Desmodoridae) from the Brazilian continental margin (Campos Basin, Rio de Janeiro). Zootaxa 2081: 31 - 45." type="journal article" year="2009">
Silva
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC20B15381CFB35FE58FB18" box="[362,431,1250,1277]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.,</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFC20B153B7CFB33FD78FB18" box="[522,655,1250,1276]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(synonym:
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC20B153A54FB35FB69FB18" authority="Silva et al., 2009" authorityName="Silva" authorityYear="2009" box="[802,1182,1250,1278]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="lara">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC20B153A54FB35FC4BFB18" box="[802,956,1250,1278]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Spirinia lara</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC20B153AB1FB33FB69FB18" author="Silva M. C. &amp; Castro F. J. V. &amp; Cavalcanti M. F. &amp; Fonseca-Genevois V." box="[967,1182,1250,1277]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="31 - 45" refId="ref11270" refString="Silva M. C., Castro F. J. V., Cavalcanti M. F. &amp; Fonseca-Genevois V. 2009. Spirinia lara sp. n. and Spirinia sophia sp. n. (Nematoda, Desmodoridae) from the Brazilian continental margin (Campos Basin, Rio de Janeiro). Zootaxa 2081: 31 - 45." type="journal article" year="2009">
Silva
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC20B153D78FB35FBBBFB18" box="[1038,1100,1250,1277]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
, 2009
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). Main diagnostic characters: “Buccal cavity with one dorsal tooth and two minute ventrosublateral teeth” and “Cuticle with transverse striae..., less obvious in head region than in tail.” Drawing shows amphid with annulations to mid-level of amphid only, and tail is described as conico-cylindrical. This species is therefore transferred to
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC20B1539ADFAA0FEBDFA6E" authorityName="Wieser &amp; Hopper" authorityYear="1967" box="[219,330,1393,1418]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Perspiria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC20B1539ADFAA0FEBDFA6E" box="[219,330,1393,1418]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Perspiria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC20B15382FFABEFDD7FA6D" author="Silva M. C. &amp; Castro F. J. V. &amp; Cavalcanti M. F. &amp; Fonseca-Genevois V." box="[345,544,1391,1418]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="31 - 45" refId="ref11270" refString="Silva M. C., Castro F. J. V., Cavalcanti M. F. &amp; Fonseca-Genevois V. 2009. Spirinia lara sp. n. and Spirinia sophia sp. n. (Nematoda, Desmodoridae) from the Brazilian continental margin (Campos Basin, Rio de Janeiro). Zootaxa 2081: 31 - 45." type="journal article" year="2009">
Silva
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC20B1538E9FAA0FE2EFA6D" box="[415,473,1391,1418]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
: figs 2–3).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC20B1539CBFA63FEA3F9F5" blockId="6.[189,1399,1457,1553]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC20B1539CBFA63FD50FA2F" authority="Vincx &amp; Gourbault, 1989" authorityName="Vincx &amp; Gourbault" authorityYear="1989" box="[189,679,1457,1483]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Perspiria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="megamphida">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC20B1539CBFA63FE86FA2F" box="[189,369,1457,1483]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. megamphida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC20B15380EFA60FD50FA2F" author="Vincx M. &amp; Gourbault N." box="[376,679,1457,1483]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="103 - 114" refId="ref11553" refString="Vincx M. &amp; Gourbault N. 1989. Desmodoridae from the Bay of Morlaix (Brittany) and the Southern Bight of the North Sea. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 30: 103 - 114." type="journal article" year="1989">Vincx &amp; Gourbault, 1989</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Drawing shows substantial portion of the amphids is located on the non-annulated lip region; conico-cylindrical tail with more prominent annuli (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC20B153DE2FA05FF0BF9F5" author="Vincx M. &amp; Gourbault N." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="103 - 114" refId="ref11553" refString="Vincx M. &amp; Gourbault N. 1989. Desmodoridae from the Bay of Morlaix (Brittany) and the Southern Bight of the North Sea. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 30: 103 - 114." type="journal article" year="1989">Vincx &amp; Gourbault 1989</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC20B1539CBF9EBFBFEF992" blockId="6.[189,1398,1593,1654]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC20B1539CBF9EBFE45F9B7" authority="Coles, 1987" authorityName="Coles" authorityYear="1987" box="[189,434,1593,1619]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Perspiria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="mokii">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC20B1539CBF9EBFEECF9B7" box="[189,283,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. mokii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC20B153854F9E8FE45F9B7" author="Coles J. W." box="[290,434,1593,1619]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="79 - 101" refId="ref10455" refString="Coles J. W. 1987. Observations on the marine nematode genus Spirinia Gerlach, 1963 (Desmodoridae: Spiriniinae) with descriptions of two new species. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology) 53: 79 - 101." type="journal article" year="1987">Coles, 1987</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Main diagnostic character: ‘‘...cuticle appears smooth…’’, hence amphids are not surrounded by annuli; long and slender filiform tail (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC20B153A53F98DFC47F992" author="Coles J. W." box="[805,944,1628,1654]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="79 - 101" refId="ref10455" refString="Coles J. W. 1987. Observations on the marine nematode genus Spirinia Gerlach, 1963 (Desmodoridae: Spiriniinae) with descriptions of two new species. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology) 53: 79 - 101." type="journal article" year="1987">Coles 1987</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 5).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC20B1539CBF94EFE06F91A" blockId="6.[189,1399,1693,1790]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC20B1539CBF94EFD73F953" authority="Vincx &amp; Gourbault, 1989" authorityName="Vincx &amp; Gourbault" authorityYear="1989" box="[189,644,1693,1720]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Perspiria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="papillata">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC20B1539CBF94EFEB1F953" box="[189,326,1693,1720]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. papillata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC20B153839F94CFD73F953" author="Vincx M. &amp; Gourbault N." box="[335,644,1693,1719]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="103 - 114" refId="ref11553" refString="Vincx M. &amp; Gourbault N. 1989. Desmodoridae from the Bay of Morlaix (Brittany) and the Southern Bight of the North Sea. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 30: 103 - 114." type="journal article" year="1989">Vincx &amp; Gourbault, 1989</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Drawing shows anterior half of amphids on non-annulated lip region and posterior half located within the annulated head region; long, conico-cylindrical tail (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC20B153C59F911FE6FF91A" author="Vincx M. &amp; Gourbault N." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="103 - 114" refId="ref11553" refString="Vincx M. &amp; Gourbault N. 1989. Desmodoridae from the Bay of Morlaix (Brittany) and the Southern Bight of the North Sea. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 30: 103 - 114." type="journal article" year="1989">Vincx &amp; Gourbault 1989</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 2).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC20B1539CBF8F7FA81F84D" blockId="6.[189,1399,1829,1961]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC20B1539CBF8F7FDDDF8DB" authority="(Cobb, 1914)" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Cobb" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[189,554,1829,1855]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Perspiria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="septentrionalis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC20B1539CBF8F7FE70F8DB" box="[189,391,1829,1855]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. septentrionalis</emphasis>
(Cobb, 1914)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFC20B153B47F8F4FD45F8DB" box="[561,690,1829,1855]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(synonyms:
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC20B153A3EF8F7FB08F8DB" authority="(Cobb, 1914)" baseAuthorityName="Cobb" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[840,1279,1829,1856]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="septentrionalis">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC20B153A3EF8F7FBABF8DB" box="[840,1116,1829,1856]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Spirinia septentrionalis</emphasis>
(Cobb, 1914)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC20B153C41F8F7FDF6F886" authority="Cobb, 1914" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1914" baseAuthorityName="Cobb" baseAuthorityYear="1914" class="Chromadorea" family="Comesomatidae" genus="Spira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="septentrionalis">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC20B153C41F8F7FE9CF886" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Spira septentrionalis</emphasis>
Cobb, 1914
</taxonomicName>
). Main diagnostic characters: ‘‘From the anus the tail tapers for two-thirds of its length, then becomes cylindroid to the swollen terminus…’’ Drawings by
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC20B153D13F8BAFAFFF861" author="Wieser W." box="[1125,1288,1899,1925]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 149" refId="ref11656" refString="Wieser W. 1954. Free-living nematodes II. Chromadoroidea. Lunds Universitets Arsskrift, N. F. Avd. 2 50 (16): 1 - 149." type="journal article" year="1954">Wieser (1954</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 126) clearly show the amphids in the head region with only their posterior half within the body annulations,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC30B1439CBFEDBFD32FEA3" blockId="7.[189,1398,266,327]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
leaving the anterior half on the non-annulated head region. The tail is conico-cylindrical. Thus, this species is transferred to the genus
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC30B143B39FEFFFD49FEA3" authorityName="Wieser &amp; Hopper" authorityYear="1967" box="[591,702,302,327]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Perspiria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B143B39FEFFFD49FEA3" box="[591,702,302,327]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Perspiria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC30B1439CBFEA1FBF0FE4F" blockId="7.[189,1399,366,428]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC30B1439CBFEA1FDC8FE6C" authority="(Timm, 1962)" baseAuthorityName="Timm" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[189,575,366,393]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Perspiria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="striaticaudata">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B1439CBFEA1FE72FE6C" box="[189,389,366,393]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. striaticaudata</emphasis>
(Timm, 1962)
</taxonomicName>
. Tail long (11–17 abd) and slender with distinct annuli; thus it is transferred to
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC30B143817FE42FE27FE48" authorityName="Wieser &amp; Hopper" authorityYear="1967" box="[353,464,403,428]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Perspiria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B143817FE42FE27FE48" box="[353,464,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Perspiria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Synonym:
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC30B143B10FE43FBF4FE4F" authority="Timm, 1962" authorityName="Timm" authorityYear="1962" box="[614,1027,401,428]" class="Chromadorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="striaticaudata">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B143B10FE43FC9EFE4F" box="[614,873,401,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Spirina striaticaudata</emphasis>
Timm, 1962
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC30B1439CBFE03FE53FE09" blockId="7.[189,420,466,493]" box="[189,420,466,493]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<heading id="7F4F747EFFC30B1439CBFE03FE53FE09" bold="true" box="[189,420,466,493]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="3">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B1439CBFE03FE53FE09" bold="true" box="[189,420,466,493]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Species inquirenda</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC30B1439CBFDD2FE23FD61" blockId="7.[189,1399,513,645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC30B1439CBFDD2FE46FDFF" box="[189,433,513,540]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Perspiria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="sabulicola">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B1439CBFDD2FE46FDFF" box="[189,433,513,540]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Perspiria sabulicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Filipjev, 1918/1921) comb. nov. (synonym:
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC30B143A96FDD3FA99FDFF" authority="Filipjev, 1918" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1918" box="[992,1390,513,540]" class="Chromadorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="sabulicola">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B143A96FDD3FB4BFDFF" box="[992,1212,513,540]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Spirina sabulicola</emphasis>
Filipjev, 1918
</taxonomicName>
/ 1921). This species was described with a ‘long tail (length 4 × width)’ and hence should be transferred to the genus
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC30B143825FD98FE35FD86" authorityName="Wieser &amp; Hopper" authorityYear="1967" box="[339,450,585,610]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Perspiria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B143825FD98FE35FD86" box="[339,450,585,610]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Perspiria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, as the species was described based on only one female, it is regarded as a
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B143987FDBDFE3AFD61" box="[241,461,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">species inquirenda</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="137999136481B33337FE1F3987D212C8">New Spirinia and Stygodesmodora species (Nematoda, Spiriniinae) from the Southwest Pacific, and a revision of the related genera Spirinia, Chromaspirina and Perspiria</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="2407C312FFC30B143B1FFD7DFC3CFD22" blockId="7.[617,971,684,710]" box="[617,971,684,710]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<heading id="7F4F747EFFC30B143B1FFD7DFC3CFD22" box="[617,971,684,710]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="2">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC30B143BCDFD7DFC3CFD22" authority="Gerlach, 1963" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1963" box="[699,971,684,710]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B143BCDFD7DFCEAFD22" bold="true" box="[699,797,684,710]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Spirinia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC30B143A52FD7DFC3CFD22" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[804,971,684,710]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="67 - 103" refId="ref10747" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1963. Frielebende Meeresnematoden von den Malediven II. Kieler Meeresforschungen 19: 67 - 103." type="journal article" year="1963">Gerlach, 1963</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CA29099FFC30B1439CBFD3FFDC8FCD2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="type_taxon">
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<heading id="7F4F747EFFC30B1439CBFD3FFEAFFCEC" bold="true" box="[189,344,750,776]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="3">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B1439CBFD3FFEAFFCEC" bold="true" box="[189,344,750,776]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<typeStatus id="FB037DB0FFC30B1439CBFD3FFF0DFCEC" box="[189,250,750,776]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type</typeStatus>
species
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC30B1439CBFCCCFDC8FCD2" blockId="7.[189,575,796,823]" box="[189,575,796,823]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC30B1439CBFCCCFDCDFCD2" authority="Bastian, 1865" authorityName="Bastian" authorityYear="1865" box="[189,570,796,823]" class="Chromadorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="parasitifera">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B1439CBFCCCFE78FCD2" box="[189,399,796,823]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Spira parasitifera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC30B1438E0FCCDFDCDFCD2" author="Bastian H. C." box="[406,570,796,822]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="73 - 184" refId="ref10156" refString="Bastian H. C. 1865. Monograph of the Anguillulidae, or free nematoids, marine, land, and freshwater; with descriptions of 100 new species. The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 25: 73 - 184." type="journal article" year="1865">Bastian, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CA29099FFC30B1439CBFC8FFB43FBD7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC30B1439CBFC8FFE58FC9C" blockId="7.[189,431,862,888]" box="[189,431,862,888]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<heading id="7F4F747EFFC30B1439CBFC8FFE58FC9C" bold="true" box="[189,431,862,888]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="3">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B1439CBFC8FFE58FC9C" bold="true" box="[189,431,862,888]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Emended diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC30B1439CBFC5DFB43FBD7" blockId="7.[189,1399,908,1075]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Robust body with rounded or conical head region and conical tail, fine body annulations. Annulated head region; body annulations normally completely surround the amphideal fovea, with few exceptions. Spiral amphideal fovea. Buccal cavity narrow, lightly cuticularised; no or small/inconspicuous dorsal tooth, no or minute subventral teeth. Pharynx with small pyriform, oval, or rounded posterior bulb without cuticularised lumen. Precloacal supplements usually absent. Short conical tail.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CA29099FFC30B1B39CBFB8AFD14F85E" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
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<heading id="7F4F747EFFC30B1439CBFB8AFEABFB91" bold="true" box="[189,348,1115,1141]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="3">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B1439CBFB8AFEABFB91" bold="true" box="[189,348,1115,1141]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Valid species</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC30B1439CBFB5BFD15FAD4" blockId="7.[189,1398,1161,1329]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC30B1439CBFB5BFD1BFB47" authority="(Luc &amp; De Coninck, 1959)" baseAuthorityName="Luc &amp; De Coninck" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[189,748,1161,1188]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="gerlachi">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B1439CBFB5BFE7DFB47" box="[189,394,1161,1188]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Spirinia gerlachi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC30B1438E9FB58FD14FB47" author="Luc M. &amp; De Coninck L. A. P." box="[415,739,1161,1187]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="108 - 166" refId="ref11015" refString="Luc M. &amp; De Coninck L. A. P. 1959. Nematodes libres marins de la region de Roscoff. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale 98: 108 - 166." type="journal article" year="1959">Luc &amp; De Coninck, 1959</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Main diagnostic characters: “Annulations beginning halfway down the lateral organ…long attenuated conical tail”; also clear in drawings (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC30B143DECFB7DFF0BFB0E" author="Luc M. &amp; De Coninck L. A. P." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="108 - 166" refId="ref11015" refString="Luc M. &amp; De Coninck L. A. P. 1959. Nematodes libres marins de la region de Roscoff. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale 98: 108 - 166." type="journal article" year="1959">Luc &amp; De Coninck 1959</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 25). Despite the presence of an amphid only partially surrounded by cuticle annulations, this species is left within
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC30B1438CAFB25FDECFAEA" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1963" box="[444,539,1268,1294]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B1438CAFB25FDECFAEA" box="[444,539,1268,1294]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Spirinia</emphasis>
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because of the shape of the tail (conical), which is the primary trait for differentiating between
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC30B1438A3FAC6FDC3FAD5" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1963" box="[469,564,1303,1329]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B1438A3FAC6FDC3FAD5" box="[469,564,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Spirinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC30B143B1AFAC6FD2CFAD4" authorityName="Wieser &amp; Hopper" authorityYear="1967" box="[620,731,1303,1328]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Perspiria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B143B1AFAC6FD2CFAD4" box="[620,731,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Perspiria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC30B1439CBFA89FB26FA5C" blockId="7.[189,1398,1367,1465]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC30B1439CBFA89FDF5FA95" authority="Ott, 1977" authorityName="Ott" authorityYear="1977" box="[189,514,1367,1394]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="gnaigeri">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B1439CBFA89FE70FA96" box="[189,391,1368,1394]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Spirinia gnaigeri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC30B1438F9FA86FDF5FA95" author="Ott J. A." box="[399,514,1367,1393]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="120 - 138" refId="ref11226" refString="Ott J. A. 1977. New freeliving marine nematodes from the West Atlantic. I. Four new species from Bermuda with a discussion of the genera Cytolaimium and Rhabdocoma Cobb, 1920. Zoologischer Anzeiger 198: 120 - 138." type="journal article" year="1977">Ott, 1977</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Amphids almost entirely located within the body annulations in one male, but only the posterior half of another male’s amphid is surrounded by body annulations (compare figs 42 and
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<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC30B143847FA4FFE6AFA5C" author="Ott J. A." box="[305,413,1438,1464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="120 - 138" refId="ref11226" refString="Ott J. A. 1977. New freeliving marine nematodes from the West Atlantic. I. Four new species from Bermuda with a discussion of the genera Cytolaimium and Rhabdocoma Cobb, 1920. Zoologischer Anzeiger 198: 120 - 138." type="journal article" year="1977">
<date id="5006E5D2FFC30B143847FA4FFE6AFA5C" box="[305,413,1438,1464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1977-10">Ott 1977</date>
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); however, as the species has a conical tail, it belongs within
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC30B143D1DFA4EFB3DFA5D" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1963" box="[1131,1226,1439,1465]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B143D1DFA4EFB3DFA5D" box="[1131,1226,1439,1465]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Spirinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC30B1439CBFA31FC34F94D" blockId="7.[189,1398,1503,1706]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC30B1439CBFA31FD77FA1D" authority="(Maria et al., 2009)" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[189,640,1503,1530]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guanabarensis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B1439CBFA31FE7EFA1D" box="[189,393,1503,1530]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. guanabarensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC30B1438EDFA0EFD80FA1D" author="Maria T. F. &amp; Esteves A. M. &amp; Smol N. &amp; Vanreusel A. &amp; Decraemer W." box="[411,631,1503,1530]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="21 - 36" refId="ref11050" refString="Maria T. F., Esteves A. M., Smol N., Vanreusel A. &amp; Decraemer W. 2009. Chromaspirina guanabarensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) and a new illustrated dichotomous key to Chromaspirina species. Zootaxa 2092: 21 - 36." type="journal article" year="2009">
Maria
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B14389BFA30FDDDFA1D" box="[493,554,1503,1530]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
, 2009
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFC30B143BFCFA0EFCF9FA1D" box="[650,782,1503,1529]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(synonym:
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC30B143AE9FA0EFEDDF9F8" authority="Maria et al., 2009" authorityName="Maria" authorityYear="2009" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guanabarensis">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B143AE9FA0EFAF0FA1D" box="[927,1287,1503,1529]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chromaspirina guanabarensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC30B143C67FA0EFEDDF9F8" author="Maria T. F. &amp; Esteves A. M. &amp; Smol N. &amp; Vanreusel A. &amp; Decraemer W." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="21 - 36" refId="ref11050" refString="Maria T. F., Esteves A. M., Smol N., Vanreusel A. &amp; Decraemer W. 2009. Chromaspirina guanabarensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) and a new illustrated dichotomous key to Chromaspirina species. Zootaxa 2092: 21 - 36." type="journal article" year="2009">
Maria
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B143C17FA30FF2CF9F8" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
, 2009
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). Main diagnostic characters: “Buccal cavity large with an acute dorsal tooth and two smaller ventrosublateral teeth.
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B1438B5F9F6FE24F9A5" box="[451,467,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">”</emphasis>
However, later in the text it is stated that:
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B143AA3F9F7FABBF9A4" box="[981,1356,1574,1600]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
“
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC30B143AA9F9F7FABBF9A4" authority="Leduc &amp; Verschelde, 2015" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" box="[991,1356,1574,1600]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guanabarensis" status="sp. nov.">Chromaspirina guanabarensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFC30B143C23F9F7FF18F987" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
belongs to the group of species characterized by a poorly developed dorsal tooth.” Drawings also show a small buccal cavity with a small dorsal tooth and minute subventral teeth (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC30B143D01F9BDFAB2F962" author="Maria T. F. &amp; Esteves A. M. &amp; Smol N. &amp; Vanreusel A. &amp; Decraemer W." box="[1143,1349,1644,1670]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="21 - 36" refId="ref11050" refString="Maria T. F., Esteves A. M., Smol N., Vanreusel A. &amp; Decraemer W. 2009. Chromaspirina guanabarensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) and a new illustrated dichotomous key to Chromaspirina species. Zootaxa 2092: 21 - 36." type="journal article" year="2009">
Maria
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B143DB0F9BCFAF7F962" box="[1222,1280,1644,1670]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1). Tail is conical. This species is therefore transferred to
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC30B143A28F941FC4AF94E" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1963" box="[862,957,1680,1706]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B143A28F941FC4AF94E" box="[862,957,1680,1706]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Spirinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC30B1439CBF903FB4FF8EA" blockId="7.[189,1399,1745,1806]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC30B1439CBF903FE26F90F" authority="Coles, 1987" authorityName="Coles" authorityYear="1987" box="[189,465,1745,1772]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hopperi">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B1439CBF903FEC0F90F" box="[189,311,1745,1772]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. hopperi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC30B143836F900FE26F90F" author="Coles J. W." box="[320,465,1745,1771]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="79 - 101" refId="ref10455" refString="Coles J. W. 1987. Observations on the marine nematode genus Spirinia Gerlach, 1963 (Desmodoridae: Spiriniinae) with descriptions of two new species. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology) 53: 79 - 101." type="journal article" year="1987">Coles, 1987</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Main diagnostic characters: “Cuticle without striations... small dorsal tooth is present in the narrow mouth cavity.” Drawings show a conical tail (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC30B143AA3F925FBA8F8EA" author="Coles J. W." box="[981,1119,1780,1806]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="79 - 101" refId="ref10455" refString="Coles J. W. 1987. Observations on the marine nematode genus Spirinia Gerlach, 1963 (Desmodoridae: Spiriniinae) with descriptions of two new species. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology) 53: 79 - 101." type="journal article" year="1987">Coles 1987</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 3).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC30B1439CBF8E7FEB6F839" blockId="7.[189,1399,1845,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC30B1439CBF8E7FD9BF8AB" authority="(Wieser &amp; Hopper, 1967)" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Wieser &amp; Hopper" baseAuthorityYear="1967" box="[189,620,1845,1872]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="inaurita" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B1439CBF8E7FECEF8B4" box="[189,313,1846,1872]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. inaurita</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC30B14383EF8E4FD94F8AB" author="Wieser W. &amp; Hopper B." box="[328,611,1845,1871]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="239 - 343" refId="ref11687" refString="Wieser W. &amp; Hopper B. 1967. Marine nematodes of the east coast of North America. I. Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 135: 239 - 343." type="journal article" year="1967">Wieser &amp; Hopper, 1967</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFC30B143B05F8E4FD02F8AB" box="[627,757,1845,1871]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(synonym:
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC30B143AF7F8E4FF0BF896" authority="Wieser &amp; Hopper, 1967" authorityName="Wieser &amp; Hopper" authorityYear="1967" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="inaurita">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B143AF7F8E4FB6DF8B4" box="[897,1178,1845,1872]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chromaspirina inaurita</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC30B143DD7F8E4FF0BF896" author="Wieser W. &amp; Hopper B." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="239 - 343" refId="ref11687" refString="Wieser W. &amp; Hopper B. 1967. Marine nematodes of the east coast of North America. I. Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 135: 239 - 343." type="journal article" year="1967">Wieser &amp; Hopper, 1967</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). Main diagnostic characters: ‘‘Buccal cavity with three small teeth (these teeth are smaller than in most other species of
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC30B1438C8F8ADFD87F872" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1918" box="[446,624,1916,1942]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B1438C8F8ADFD87F872" box="[446,624,1916,1942]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chromaspirina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and stress the proximity of the genus to
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC30B143D39F8ACFB59F873" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1963" box="[1103,1198,1917,1943]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B143D39F8ACFB59F873" box="[1103,1198,1917,1943]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Spirinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).’’; the drawings are inconclusive, but the description clearly describes small teeth. This species is therefore transferred to
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B1439ADF812FEB6F839" box="[219,321,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC30B1439ADF812FECAF839" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1963" box="[219,317,1987,2013]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Spirinia</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCC0B1B39CBFEDAFC51FEA3" blockId="8.[189,1398,266,327]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B39CBFEDAFE08FEC0" authority="Gerlach, 1963" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1963" box="[189,511,266,293]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="laevioides">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B39CBFEDAFEA7FEC0" box="[189,336,266,293]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. laevioides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCC0B1B3820FEDBFE08FEC0" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[342,511,266,292]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="67 - 103" refId="ref10747" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1963. Frielebende Meeresnematoden von den Malediven II. Kieler Meeresforschungen 19: 67 - 103." type="journal article" year="1963">Gerlach, 1963</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. The drawing shows a small buccal cavity, a small dorsal tooth, and amphids located within the annulated head region (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCC0B1B3BDFFEFCFCB9FEA3" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[681,846,301,327]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="67 - 103" refId="ref10747" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1963. Frielebende Meeresnematoden von den Malediven II. Kieler Meeresforschungen 19: 67 - 103." type="journal article" year="1963">Gerlach 1963</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 2).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCC0B1B39CBFEBEFACFFE4F" blockId="8.[189,1398,366,427]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B39CBFEBEFE28FE6C" authority="(Bastian, 1865)" baseAuthorityName="Bastian" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[189,479,366,393]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="laevis">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B39CBFEBEFED7FE6C" box="[189,288,366,393]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. laevis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCC0B1B3847FEBFFE20FE6C" author="Bastian H. C." box="[305,471,366,392]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="73 - 184" refId="ref10156" refString="Bastian H. C. 1865. Monograph of the Anguillulidae, or free nematoids, marine, land, and freshwater; with descriptions of 100 new species. The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 25: 73 - 184." type="journal article" year="1865">Bastian, 1865</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(synonym:
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B3B18FEBEFC8CFE6C" authority="Allgen, 1935" authorityName="Allgen" authorityYear="1935" box="[622,891,366,393]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pilosa">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B3B18FEBEFD22FE6C" box="[622,725,366,393]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. pilosa</emphasis>
Allgén, 1935
</taxonomicName>
). The drawing shows small teeth, amphids located entirely within the annulated head region, and a short conical tail (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCC0B1B3D54FE40FB35FE4F" author="Bastian H. C." box="[1058,1218,401,427]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="73 - 184" refId="ref10156" refString="Bastian H. C. 1865. Monograph of the Anguillulidae, or free nematoids, marine, land, and freshwater; with descriptions of 100 new species. The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 25: 73 - 184." type="journal article" year="1865">Bastian 1865</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 204).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCC0B1B39CBFE05FA81FDB2" blockId="8.[189,1399,467,600]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B39CBFE05FD9DFE09" authority="(Muthumbi et al., 1995)" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Muthumbi et al." baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[189,618,467,494]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="okemwai" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B39CBFE05FEB4FE09" box="[189,323,467,494]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. okemwai</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCC0B1B3822FE02FD95FE09" author="Muthumbi A. &amp; Verschelde D. &amp; Vincx M." box="[340,610,467,493]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="181 - 195" refId="ref11175" refString="Muthumbi A., Verschelde D. &amp; Vincx M. 1995. New Desmodoridae (Nematoda: Desmodoroidea): three new species from Ceriops mangrove sediments (Kenya) and one related new species from the North Sea. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 36: 181 - 195." type="journal article" year="1995">
Muthumbi
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B38ACFE05FDE1FE09" box="[474,534,467,493]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
, 1995
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFCC0B1B3B05FE02FD01FE09" box="[627,758,467,493]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(synonym:
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B3AF2FE02FF0BFDF4" authority="Muthumbi et al., 1995" authorityName="Muthumbi" authorityYear="1995" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="okemwai">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B3AF2FE02FB51FE09" box="[900,1190,467,493]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Chromaspirina okemwai</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCC0B1B3DD9FE02FF0BFDF4" author="Muthumbi A. &amp; Verschelde D. &amp; Vincx M." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="181 - 195" refId="ref11175" refString="Muthumbi A., Verschelde D. &amp; Vincx M. 1995. New Desmodoridae (Nematoda: Desmodoroidea): three new species from Ceriops mangrove sediments (Kenya) and one related new species from the North Sea. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 36: 181 - 195." type="journal article" year="1995">
Muthumbi
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B3C45FE05FA98FE09" box="[1331,1391,467,493]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
, 1995
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). We studied the
<typeStatus id="FB037DB0FFCC0B1B38B1FE27FE0DFDF4" box="[455,506,502,528]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
material, which shows that this species has a cylindrical pharynx with only a slightly swollen terminal bulb, whose shape cannot be described. The teeth are difficult to distinguish and hence cannot be called ‘large’ or ‘distinct’; therefore, we transfer this species to the genus
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B3C67FDEFFA87FDBC" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1963" box="[1297,1392,574,600]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B3C67FDEFFA87FDBC" box="[1297,1392,574,600]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Spirinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCC0B1B39CBFDAEFED4FC8F" blockId="8.[189,1399,638,876]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B39CBFDAEFDD4FD7C" authority="(Bastian, 1865)" baseAuthorityName="Bastian" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[189,547,638,665]" class="Chromadorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="parasitifera">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B39CBFDAEFE92FD7C" box="[189,357,638,665]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. parasitifera</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCC0B1B3805FDAFFDEDFD7C" author="Bastian H. C." box="[371,538,638,664]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="73 - 184" refId="ref10156" refString="Bastian H. C. 1865. Monograph of the Anguillulidae, or free nematoids, marine, land, and freshwater; with descriptions of 100 new species. The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 25: 73 - 184." type="journal article" year="1865">Bastian, 1865</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Some descriptions of this species show the amphids being only partially surrounded by annulations (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCC0B1B3B7AFD70FD44FD5F" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[524,691,673,699]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="67 - 103" refId="ref10747" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1963. Frielebende Meeresnematoden von den Malediven II. Kieler Meeresforschungen 19: 67 - 103." type="journal article" year="1963">Gerlach 1963</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCC0B1B3BB4FD70FC05FD5F" author="Vincx M. &amp; Gourbault N." box="[706,1010,673,699]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="103 - 114" refId="ref11553" refString="Vincx M. &amp; Gourbault N. 1989. Desmodoridae from the Bay of Morlaix (Brittany) and the Southern Bight of the North Sea. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 30: 103 - 114." type="journal article" year="1989">Vincx &amp; Gourbault 1989</bibRefCitation>
), and others describe specimens with amphids entirely surrounded by annulations (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCC0B1B3A7BFD15FC6FFD3A" author="Coles J. W." box="[781,920,708,734]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="79 - 101" refId="ref10455" refString="Coles J. W. 1987. Observations on the marine nematode genus Spirinia Gerlach, 1963 (Desmodoridae: Spiriniinae) with descriptions of two new species. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology) 53: 79 - 101." type="journal article" year="1987">Coles 1987</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCC0B1B3AD2FD15FB39FD3A" author="Vincx M. &amp; Gourbault N." box="[932,1230,708,734]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="103 - 114" refId="ref11553" refString="Vincx M. &amp; Gourbault N. 1989. Desmodoridae from the Bay of Morlaix (Brittany) and the Southern Bight of the North Sea. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 30: 103 - 114." type="journal article" year="1989">Vincx &amp; Gourbault 1989</bibRefCitation>
); furthermore, additional descriptions and drawings depict either a conical tail (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCC0B1B3ACCFD36FB97FCE5" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[954,1120,743,769]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="67 - 103" refId="ref10747" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1963. Frielebende Meeresnematoden von den Malediven II. Kieler Meeresforschungen 19: 67 - 103." type="journal article" year="1963">Gerlach 1963</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1;
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCC0B1B3DCCFD36FAB3FCE5" author="Coles J. W." box="[1210,1348,743,769]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="79 - 101" refId="ref10455" refString="Coles J. W. 1987. Observations on the marine nematode genus Spirinia Gerlach, 1963 (Desmodoridae: Spiriniinae) with descriptions of two new species. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology) 53: 79 - 101." type="journal article" year="1987">Coles 1987</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 3) or a prolonged conical to long conical tail (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCC0B1B3B87FCDAFBE5FCC1" author="Wieser W. &amp; Hopper B." box="[753,1042,779,805]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="239 - 343" refId="ref11687" refString="Wieser W. &amp; Hopper B. 1967. Marine nematodes of the east coast of North America. I. Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 135: 239 - 343." type="journal article" year="1967">Wieser &amp; Hopper 1967</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 17). Hence, until further examination and comparison of these different specimens can be done, we leave this species within
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B39CBFC83FEEBFC88" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1963" box="[189,284,850,876]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B39CBFC83FEEBFC88" box="[189,284,850,876]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Spirinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCC0B1B39CBFC45FCD0FC10" blockId="8.[189,1399,915,1012]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B39CBFC45FE3FFC49" authority="(Ott, 1972)" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Ott" baseAuthorityYear="1972" box="[189,456,915,942]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="parma" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B39CBFC45FED8FC49" box="[189,303,916,942]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. parma</emphasis>
(Ott, 1972)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFCC0B1B38A1FC42FD96FC49" box="[471,609,915,941]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(synonym:
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B3B8AFC42FB62FC49" authority="Ott, 1972" authorityName="Ott" authorityYear="1972" box="[764,1173,915,941]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="parma">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B3B8AFC42FBFCFC49" box="[764,1035,915,941]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Chromaspirina parma</emphasis>
Ott, 1972
</taxonomicName>
). Main diagnostic characters: “... stoma conical, with a small acute dorsal tooth and two minute ventral teeth…”; this species is therefore transferred to the genus
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B3BB7FC0BFCD0FC10" box="[705,807,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B3BB7FC0BFCD4FC10" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1963" box="[705,803,986,1012]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Spirinia</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCC0B1B39CBFBCAFB85FB9F" blockId="8.[189,1398,1050,1147]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B39CBFBCAFDF6FBD0" authority="(Villot, 1875)" baseAuthorityName="Villot" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[189,513,1050,1077]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="schneideri">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B39CBFBCAFEA2FBD0" box="[189,341,1050,1077]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. schneideri</emphasis>
(Villot, 1875)
</taxonomicName>
. Luc &amp; Deconinck (1959) describe this species with a smooth cuticle, and
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCC0B1B39CBFBEFFEA1FBBC" author="Coles J. W." box="[189,342,1086,1112]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="79 - 101" refId="ref10455" refString="Coles J. W. 1987. Observations on the marine nematode genus Spirinia Gerlach, 1963 (Desmodoridae: Spiriniinae) with descriptions of two new species. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology) 53: 79 - 101." type="journal article" year="1987">Coles (1987)</bibRefCitation>
describes it “without cuticular striations”. The SEM micrograph by
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCC0B1B3D0BFBEFFAE7FBBC" author="Coles J. W." box="[1149,1296,1086,1112]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="79 - 101" refId="ref10455" refString="Coles J. W. 1987. Observations on the marine nematode genus Spirinia Gerlach, 1963 (Desmodoridae: Spiriniinae) with descriptions of two new species. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology) 53: 79 - 101." type="journal article" year="1987">Coles (1987</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 9a), however, shows striations surrounding the amphids. The tail is short and conical.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCC0B1B39CBFB72FC72FAE7" blockId="8.[189,1399,1186,1283]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B39CBFB72FDF6FB58" authority="Silva et al., 2009" authorityName="Silva" authorityYear="2009" box="[189,513,1186,1213]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="sophia">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B39CBFB72FEDEFB58" box="[189,297,1186,1213]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. sophia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCC0B1B3844FB73FDF6FB58" author="Silva M. C. &amp; Castro F. J. V. &amp; Cavalcanti M. F. &amp; Fonseca-Genevois V." box="[306,513,1186,1213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="31 - 45" refId="ref11270" refString="Silva M. C., Castro F. J. V., Cavalcanti M. F. &amp; Fonseca-Genevois V. 2009. Spirinia lara sp. n. and Spirinia sophia sp. n. (Nematoda, Desmodoridae) from the Brazilian continental margin (Campos Basin, Rio de Janeiro). Zootaxa 2081: 31 - 45." type="journal article" year="2009">
Silva
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B3801FB75FE44FB58" box="[375,435,1186,1213]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
, 2009
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Main diagnostic characters: “Buccal cavity with one dorsal tooth and two minute, ventrosublateral teeth”; clear in drawings, which also show the amphid completely surrounded by cuticle annulations (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCC0B1B38B8FB38FD63FAE7" author="Silva M. C. &amp; Castro F. J. V. &amp; Cavalcanti M. F. &amp; Fonseca-Genevois V." box="[462,660,1257,1283]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="31 - 45" refId="ref11270" refString="Silva M. C., Castro F. J. V., Cavalcanti M. F. &amp; Fonseca-Genevois V. 2009. Spirinia lara sp. n. and Spirinia sophia sp. n. (Nematoda, Desmodoridae) from the Brazilian continental margin (Campos Basin, Rio de Janeiro). Zootaxa 2081: 31 - 45." type="journal article" year="2009">
Silva
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B3B65FB3BFDB9FAE7" box="[531,590,1257,1283]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 6). Tail conical.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCC0B1B39CBFAF8FE46FAA0" blockId="8.[189,433,1321,1348]" box="[189,433,1321,1348]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="7F4F747EFFCC0B1B39CBFAF8FE46FAA0" bold="true" box="[189,433,1321,1348]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B39CBFAF8FE46FAA0" bold="true" box="[189,433,1321,1348]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Species inquirendae</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCC0B1B39CBFA8BFCD1FA5D" blockId="8.[189,1399,1369,1465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B39CBFA8BFDBDFA97" authority="(Allgen, 1929)" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Allgen" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[189,586,1369,1396]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="granulata" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B39CBFA8BFE60FA97" box="[189,407,1369,1396]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Spirinia granulata</emphasis>
(Allgén, 1929)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFCC0B1B3B27FA88FD24FA97" box="[593,723,1369,1395]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(synonym:
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B3A29FA8BFB24FA97" authority="Allgen, 1929" authorityName="Allgen" authorityYear="1929" box="[863,1235,1369,1396]" class="Chromadorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="granulata">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B3A29FA8BFBC7FA97" box="[863,1072,1369,1396]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Spirina granulata</emphasis>
Allgén, 1929
</taxonomicName>
). This species was described based on two juveniles only, with very poor drawings and inadequate descriptions. Hence, we have to regard this species as
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B3B35FA71FCE8FA5D" box="[579,799,1439,1465]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">species inquirenda</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCC0B1B39CBFA33FE43F92A" blockId="8.[189,1399,1504,1742]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B39CBFA33FD0FFA1E" authority="(Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1950)" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Schuurmans Stekhoven" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[189,760,1504,1532]" class="Chromadorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="paucispira" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B39CBFA33FE96FA1F" box="[189,353,1506,1532]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. paucispira</emphasis>
(Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1950)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFCC0B1B3A7CFA31FC61FA1E" box="[778,918,1504,1530]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(synonym:
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B3D43FA31FDD4F9FA" authority="Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1950" authorityName="Schuurmans Stekhoven" authorityYear="1950" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="paucispira">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B3D43FA31FA81FA1F" box="[1077,1398,1504,1531]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Chromaspirina paucispira</emphasis>
Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1950
</taxonomicName>
). This species was considered
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B3AE3F9D4FB84F9FA" box="[917,1139,1540,1566]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">species inquirenda</emphasis>
by
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCC0B1B3DD5F9D5FEFBF9A5" author="Wieser W. &amp; Hopper B." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="239 - 343" refId="ref11687" refString="Wieser W. &amp; Hopper B. 1967. Marine nematodes of the east coast of North America. I. Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 135: 239 - 343." type="journal article" year="1967">Wieser &amp; Hopper (1967)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCC0B1B383BF9F6FD98F9A5" author="Muthumbi A. &amp; Verschelde D. &amp; Vincx M." box="[333,623,1575,1601]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="181 - 195" refId="ref11175" refString="Muthumbi A., Verschelde D. &amp; Vincx M. 1995. New Desmodoridae (Nematoda: Desmodoroidea): three new species from Ceriops mangrove sediments (Kenya) and one related new species from the North Sea. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 36: 181 - 195." type="journal article" year="1995">
Muthumbi
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B38A2F9F9FDE4F9A5" box="[468,531,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
(1995)
</bibRefCitation>
, because the original description was based on a single female specimen. It was stated that the buccal cavity of this species has an “indication of a dorsal tooth”. Based on this character, which is sufficient to distinguish between
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B3AF8F9BFFC1AF96C" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1963" box="[910,1005,1646,1672]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B3AF8F9BFFC1AF96C" box="[910,1005,1646,1672]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Spirinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B3D5DF9BCFB2AF963" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1918" box="[1067,1245,1645,1671]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B3D5DF9BCFB2AF963" box="[1067,1245,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Chromaspirina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, this species is transferred to the genus
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B3883F943FDA3F948" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1963" box="[501,596,1682,1708]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B3883F943FDA3F948" box="[501,596,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Spirinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(but remains
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B3B81F943FC23F94E" box="[759,980,1680,1707]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">species inquirenda</emphasis>
due to the incomplete nature of the original description).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCC0B1B39CBF927FE31F8D6" blockId="8.[189,1398,1781,1842]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B39CBF927FE39F8EB" authority="(Cobb, 1898)" baseAuthorityName="Cobb" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[189,462,1781,1808]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B39CBF927FEDFF8EB" box="[189,296,1781,1808]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. similis</emphasis>
(Cobb, 1898)
</taxonomicName>
(synonym:
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B3B2AF927FC70F8EB" authority="Cobb, 1898" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1898" box="[604,903,1781,1808]" class="Chromadorea" family="Comesomatidae" genus="Spira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B3B2AF927FD06F8EB" box="[604,753,1781,1808]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Spira similis</emphasis>
Cobb, 1898
</taxonomicName>
). Considered invalid by
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCC0B1B3DDCF924FAB3F8EB" author="Coles J. W." box="[1194,1348,1781,1807]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="79 - 101" refId="ref10455" refString="Coles J. W. 1987. Observations on the marine nematode genus Spirinia Gerlach, 1963 (Desmodoridae: Spiriniinae) with descriptions of two new species. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology) 53: 79 - 101." type="journal article" year="1987">Coles (1987)</bibRefCitation>
due to lack of illustrations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCC0B1B39CBF88AFD14F85E" blockId="8.[189,1399,1882,1978]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B39CBF88AFDD7F890" authority="(Allgen, 1959)" baseAuthorityName="Allgen" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[189,544,1882,1909]" class="Chromadorea" family="Comesomatidae" genus="Spira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tenuicauda">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B39CBF88AFE96F890" box="[189,353,1882,1909]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. tenuicauda</emphasis>
(Allgén, 1959)
</taxonomicName>
(synonym:
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B3BC1F88AFBBEF890" authority="Allgen, 1959" authorityName="Allgen" authorityYear="1959" box="[695,1097,1882,1909]" class="Chromadorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tenuicauda">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B3BC1F88AFC6CF890" box="[695,923,1882,1909]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Spirina tenuicauda</emphasis>
Allgén, 1959
</taxonomicName>
). This species has to be regarded as a
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B3817F8AFFDC9F873" box="[353,574,1917,1943]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">species inquirenda</emphasis>
, as the only description Allgén made was to write “differing from
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B3C24F8AFFEBFF85E" baseAuthorityName="Bastian" baseAuthorityYear="1865" class="Chromadorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="parasitifera">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B3C24F8AFFEBFF85E" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Sp. parasitifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,” and his drawings are inadequate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

256
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<mods:title id="7EE5888754CEED6609ED25DD5C3D7F9A">New Spirinia and Stygodesmodora species (Nematoda, Spiriniinae) from the Southwest Pacific, and a revision of the related genera Spirinia, Chromaspirina and Perspiria</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="3C45A0172FE64E0D2EC31DB7398935FC">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6DC1E7C2519ADDDAEC0579BAA9E64B50">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="1CDF80EA3978966F0D664B20A7C18F63" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2015.118</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="AC117204FFC60B103B47F882FC78F9B7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3795180" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163879711" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3795180" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC117204FFC60B103B47F882FC78F9B7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC117204FFC60B103B47F882FC78F9B7" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<subSubSection id="6CA29099FFC60B113B47F882FBF5F889" box="[561,1026,1875,1901]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC60B113B47F882FBF5F889" blockId="2.[561,1026,1875,1901]" box="[561,1026,1875,1901]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Subfamily
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC60B113BC5F882FBF5F889" authority="Chitwood, 1936" authorityName="Chitwood" authorityYear="1936" box="[691,1026,1875,1901]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Spiriniinae">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC60B113BC5F882FCC9F889" bold="true" box="[691,830,1875,1901]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Spiriniinae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC60B113A33F882FBF5F889" author="Chitwood B. G." box="[837,1026,1875,1901]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref10396" refString="Chitwood B. G. 1936. Some marine nematodes from North Carolina. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington 3: 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1936">Chitwood, 1936</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CA29099FFC60B1139CBF844FCB8F839" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC60B1139CBF844FEBDF84B" blockId="2.[189,330,1941,1967]" box="[189,330,1941,1967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<heading id="7F4F747EFFC60B1139CBF844FEBDF84B" bold="true" box="[189,330,1941,1967]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="3">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC60B1139CBF844FEBDF84B" bold="true" box="[189,330,1941,1967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<typeStatus id="FB037DB0FFC60B1139CBF844FF0DF84B" box="[189,250,1941,1967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type</typeStatus>
genus
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC60B1139CBF815FCB8F839" blockId="2.[189,847,1987,2014]" box="[189,847,1987,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC60B1139CBF815FE3EF839" authority="Gerlach, 1963" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1963" box="[189,457,1987,2014]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC60B1139CBF815FEEBF83A" box="[189,284,1988,2014]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Spirinia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC60B113855F812FE3EF839" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[291,457,1987,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="67 - 103" refId="ref10747" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1963. Frielebende Meeresnematoden von den Malediven II. Kieler Meeresforschungen 19: 67 - 103." type="journal article" year="1963">Gerlach, 1963</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(synonym:
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC60B113B23F815FCB5F839" authority="Bastian, 1865" authorityName="Bastian" authorityYear="1865" box="[597,834,1987,2014]" class="Chromadorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC60B113B23F815FD62F83A" box="[597,661,1988,2014]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Spira</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC60B113BEAF812FCB5F839" author="Bastian H. C." box="[668,834,1987,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="73 - 184" refId="ref10156" refString="Bastian H. C. 1865. Monograph of the Anguillulidae, or free nematoids, marine, land, and freshwater; with descriptions of 100 new species. The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 25: 73 - 184." type="journal article" year="1865">Bastian, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CA29099FFC70B1039CBFEDBFE67FDC8" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBFEDBFD40FEC0" blockId="3.[189,695,266,292]" box="[189,695,266,292]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBFEDBFEC1FEC0" bold="true" box="[189,310,266,292]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis</emphasis>
(from
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC70B1038F1FEDBFD59FEC0" author="Decraemer W. &amp; Smol N." box="[391,686,266,292]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="497 - 573" refId="ref10573" refString="Decraemer W. &amp; Smol N. 2006. Orders Chromadorida, Desmodorida and Desmoscolecida. In: Abebe E. - A., Transpurger W. &amp; Andrassy I. (eds) Freshwater Nematodes: Ecology and Taxonomy: 497 - 573. UK CABI Publishing, Cambridge." type="book chapter" year="2006">Decraemer &amp; Smol 2006</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBFEE9FBACFE7C" blockId="3.[189,1399,312,408]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Member of
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B103827FEE9FDF7FEB6" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1922" box="[337,512,312,338]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Desmodoridae</taxonomicName>
. Body cuticle with fine annulations. Head not demarcated as a cephalic capsule. Amphideal fovea usually a simple spiral. Buccal cavity small or large, with a distinct or a minute dorsal tooth; two small ventrosublateral teeth may be present or absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBFE11FE3EFE3E" blockId="3.[189,457,448,474]" box="[189,457,448,474]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="7F4F747EFFC70B1039CBFE11FE3EFE3E" bold="true" box="[189,457,448,474]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="3">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBFE11FE3EFE3E" bold="true" box="[189,457,448,474]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Differential diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBFE3FFE67FDC8" blockId="3.[189,1399,494,556]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
This subfamily is similar to the
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B103B4FFE3FFD13FDEC" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1922" box="[569,740,494,520]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Desmodorinae">Desmodorinae</taxonomicName>
but can be differentiated from the latter by the absence of a head capsule.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CA29099FFC70B1039CBFD82FC78F9B7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBFD82FED8FD89" blockId="3.[189,303,595,621]" box="[189,303,595,621]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="7F4F747EFFC70B1039CBFD82FED8FD89" bold="true" box="[189,303,595,621]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="3">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBFD82FED8FD89" bold="true" box="[189,303,595,621]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBFD53FEBCFC8B" blockId="3.[189,1399,642,879]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
The tribe
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B103847FD53FE5AFD78" box="[305,429,642,668]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Spirinacea">Spirinacea</taxonomicName>
was originally established by
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC70B103A61FD53FC13FD78" author="Chitwood B. G." box="[791,996,642,668]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref10396" refString="Chitwood B. G. 1936. Some marine nematodes from North Carolina. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington 3: 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1936">Chitwood (1936)</bibRefCitation>
, before being raised to subfamily, family and superfamily rank by
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC70B103B43FD74FCEDFD5B" author="De Coninck L. A." box="[565,794,677,703]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="586 - 681" refId="ref10533" refString="De Coninck L. A. 1965. Classe des Nematodes: Systematique des nematodes et sous-classe des Adenophorea. In: Grasse P. P. (ed.) Traite de Zoologie 4: 586 - 681." type="journal article" year="1965">De Coninck (1965)</bibRefCitation>
. According to the Principle of Coordination (ICZN, 1999, Article 36), “a name established for a taxon at any rank in the family group is deemed to have been simultaneously established for nominal taxa at all other ranks in the family group; (…). The name has the same authorship and date at every rank.” The appropriate authorship for
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B103D47FCDFFB45FCCC" authorityName="Chitwood" authorityYear="1936" box="[1073,1202,782,808]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Spiriniinae">Spiriniinae</taxonomicName>
should therefore be attributed to
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC70B103803FCE3FDB6FCA8" author="Chitwood B. G." box="[373,577,818,844]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref10396" refString="Chitwood B. G. 1936. Some marine nematodes from North Carolina. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington 3: 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1936">Chitwood (1936)</bibRefCitation>
, and not
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC70B103BDCFCE3FC15FCA8" author="Gerlach S. A. &amp; Murphy D. G." box="[682,994,818,844]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="211 - 216" refId="ref10797" refString="Gerlach S. A. &amp; Murphy D. G. 1965. Die Familiengruppen-Namen der freilebenden Nematoden- Adenophorea (Aphasmidia). Zoologischer Anzeiger 175: 211 - 216." type="journal article" year="1965">Gerlach &amp; Murphy (1965)</bibRefCitation>
, as is often done (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC70B103D9AFCE3FEC8FC8B" author="Armenteros M. &amp; Ruiz-Abierno A. &amp; Decraemer W." pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref10102" refString="Armenteros M., Ruiz-Abierno A. &amp; Decraemer W. 2014. Revision of Desmodorinae and Spiriniinae (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) with redescription of eight known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 96: 1 - 32. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2014.96" type="journal article" year="2014">
Armenteros
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBFC87FF0FFC8B" box="[189,248,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBFC47FC64FC54" blockId="3.[189,915,918,945]" box="[189,915,918,945]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBFC47FEACFC54" bold="true" box="[189,347,918,944]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Valid genera</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC70B10381CFC47FD86FC54" author="Cavalcanti M. F. &amp; Da Silva M. C. &amp; Da Fonseca-Genevois V." box="[362,625,918,945]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="109 - 118" refId="ref10339" refString="Cavalcanti M. F., Da Silva M. C., Da Fonseca-Genevois V. 2009. Spirodesma magdae nov. gen. nov. sp. (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) from the Brazilian deep sea (Campos Basin, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Zootaxa 2096: 109 - 118." type="journal article" year="2009">
Cavalcanti
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B103887FC49FDDCFC54" box="[497,555,918,945]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC70B103B0DFC47FC7CFC54" author="Armenteros M. &amp; Ruiz-Abierno A. &amp; Decraemer W." box="[635,907,918,945]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref10102" refString="Armenteros M., Ruiz-Abierno A. &amp; Decraemer W. 2014. Revision of Desmodorinae and Spiriniinae (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) with redescription of eight known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 96: 1 - 32. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2014.96" type="journal article" year="2014">
Armenteros
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B103A7BFC49FCBFFC54" box="[781,840,918,945]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBFC14FE15FC3B" blockId="3.[189,735,965,1448]" box="[189,482,965,991]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B1039CBFC14FE15FC3B" authority="Cobb, 1920" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[189,482,965,991]" class="Adenophorea" family="Axonolaimidae" genus="Alaimonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBFC14FEA6FC3B" box="[189,337,965,991]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Alaimonema</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC70B10382FFC14FE15FC3B" author="Cobb N. A." box="[345,482,965,991]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="217 - 343" refId="ref10423" refString="Cobb N. A. 1920. One hundred new nemas (type species of 100 new genera). Contributions to a Science of Nematology 9: 217 - 343." type="journal article" year="1920">Cobb, 1920</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBFC39FDEDFBE6" blockId="3.[189,735,965,1448]" box="[189,538,1000,1026]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B1039CBFC39FDEDFBE6" authority="Filipjev, 1918" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1918" box="[189,538,1000,1026]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBFC39FE98FBE6" box="[189,367,1000,1026]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Chromaspirina</emphasis>
Filipjev, 1918
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBFBDAFDC3FBC1" blockId="3.[189,735,965,1448]" box="[189,564,1035,1061]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B1039CBFBDAFDC3FBC1" authority="Filipjev, 1918" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1918" box="[189,564,1035,1061]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Metachromadora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBFBDAFE7EFBC1" box="[189,393,1035,1061]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Metachromadora</emphasis>
Filipjev, 1918
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBFBE1FE7CFBAC" blockId="3.[189,735,965,1448]" box="[189,395,1070,1098]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B1039CBFBE1FE7CFBAC" authority="Cobb, 1891" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1891" box="[189,395,1070,1098]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Onyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBFBE1FF0CFBAE" box="[189,251,1072,1098]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Onyx</emphasis>
Cobb, 1891
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBFB83FD91FB88" blockId="3.[189,735,965,1448]" box="[189,614,1106,1132]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B1039CBFB83FD91FB88" authority="Verschelde et al., 1995" authorityName="Verschelde" authorityYear="1995" box="[189,614,1106,1132]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Papillonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBFB83FEA4FB88" box="[189,339,1106,1132]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Papillonema</emphasis>
Verschelde
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B103894FB82FDEBFB88" box="[482,540,1106,1132]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
, 1995
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBFBA4FD28FB6B" blockId="3.[189,735,965,1448]" box="[189,735,1141,1167]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B1039CBFBA4FD28FB6B" authority="Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1950" authorityName="Schuurmans Stekhoven" authorityYear="1950" box="[189,735,1141,1167]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Paradesmodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBFBA4FE8DFB6B" box="[189,378,1141,1167]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Paradesmodora</emphasis>
Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1950
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBFB49FDD2FB56" blockId="3.[189,735,965,1448]" box="[189,549,1176,1202]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B1039CBFB49FDD2FB56" authority="Boucher, 1975" authorityName="Boucher" authorityYear="1975" box="[189,549,1176,1202]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Parallelocoilas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBFB49FE85FB56" box="[189,370,1176,1202]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Parallelocoilas</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC70B10380FFB49FDD2FB56" author="Boucher G." box="[377,549,1176,1202]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="101 - 128" refId="ref10223" refString="Boucher G. 1975. Nematodes des sables fins infralittoraux de la Pierre Noire (Manche Occidentale). I. Desmodorida. Bulletin de Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 285: 101 - 128." type="journal article" year="1975">Boucher, 1975</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBFB6CFDBDFB31" blockId="3.[189,735,965,1448]" box="[189,586,1211,1238]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B1039CBFB6CFDBDFB31" authority="Wieser &amp; Hopper, 1967" authorityName="Wieser &amp; Hopper" authorityYear="1967" box="[189,586,1211,1238]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Perspiria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBFB6CFEDBFB32" box="[189,300,1213,1238]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Perspiria</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC70B103845FB6AFDBDFB31" author="Wieser W. &amp; Hopper B." box="[307,586,1211,1237]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="239 - 343" refId="ref11687" refString="Wieser W. &amp; Hopper B. 1967. Marine nematodes of the east coast of North America. I. Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 135: 239 - 343." type="journal article" year="1967">Wieser &amp; Hopper, 1967</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B1039CBFB0FFE3EFB1C" authority="Cobb, 1920" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[189,457,1246,1272]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Polysigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBFB0FFECEFB1C" box="[189,313,1246,1272]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Polysigma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC70B103836FB0FFE3EFB1C" author="Cobb N. A." box="[320,457,1246,1272]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="217 - 343" refId="ref10423" refString="Cobb N. A. 1920. One hundred new nemas (type species of 100 new genera). Contributions to a Science of Nematology 9: 217 - 343." type="journal article" year="1920">Cobb, 1920</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBFAD3FD84FAF8" blockId="3.[189,735,965,1448]" box="[189,627,1282,1308]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B1039CBFAD3FD84FAF8" authority="Timm, 1952" authorityName="Timm" authorityYear="1952" box="[189,627,1282,1308]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Pseudometachromadora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBFAD3FE2BFAF8" box="[189,476,1282,1308]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pseudometachromadora</emphasis>
Timm, 1952
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBFAF4FD68FADB" blockId="3.[189,735,965,1448]" box="[189,671,1317,1343]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B1039CBFAF4FD68FADB" authority="Hope &amp; Murphy, 1972" authorityName="Hope &amp; Murphy" authorityYear="1972" box="[189,671,1317,1343]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Sigmophoranema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBFAF4FE7BFADB" box="[189,396,1317,1343]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Sigmophoranema</emphasis>
Hope &amp; Murphy, 1972
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBFA98FE3EFA86" blockId="3.[189,735,965,1448]" box="[189,457,1352,1379]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B1039CBFA98FE3EFA86" authority="Gerlach, 1963" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1963" box="[189,457,1352,1379]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBFA98FEEBFA87" box="[189,284,1353,1379]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Spirinia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC70B103855FA99FE3EFA86" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[291,457,1352,1378]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="67 - 103" refId="ref10747" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1963. Frielebende Meeresnematoden von den Malediven II. Kieler Meeresforschungen 19: 67 - 103." type="journal article" year="1963">Gerlach, 1963</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBFABAFDA0FA61" blockId="3.[189,735,965,1448]" box="[189,599,1387,1414]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B1039CBFABAFDA0FA61" authority="Cavalcanti et al., 2009" authorityName="Cavalcanti" authorityYear="2009" box="[189,599,1387,1414]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirodesma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBFABAFEB1FA61" box="[189,326,1387,1413]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Spirodesma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC70B103838FABAFDA0FA61" author="Cavalcanti M. F. &amp; Da Silva M. C. &amp; Da Fonseca-Genevois V." box="[334,599,1387,1414]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="109 - 118" refId="ref10339" refString="Cavalcanti M. F., Da Silva M. C., Da Fonseca-Genevois V. 2009. Spirodesma magdae nov. gen. nov. sp. (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) from the Brazilian deep sea (Campos Basin, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Zootaxa 2096: 109 - 118." type="journal article" year="2009">
Cavalcanti
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1038A4FABCFDFAFA61" box="[466,525,1387,1414]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
, 2009
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBFA5FFDD7FA4C" blockId="3.[189,735,965,1448]" box="[189,544,1422,1448]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B1039CBFA5FFDD7FA4C" authority="Blome, 1982" authorityName="Blome" authorityYear="1982" box="[189,544,1422,1448]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Stygodesmodora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBFA5FFE76FA4C" box="[189,385,1422,1448]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Stygodesmodora</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC70B1038FEFA5FFDD7FA4C" author="Blome D." box="[392,544,1422,1448]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 194" refId="ref10200" refString="Blome D. 1982. Systematik der Nematoda eines Sandstrandes der Nordseeinsel Sylt. Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens 86: 1 - 194." type="journal article" year="1982">Blome, 1982</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBFA01FC78F9B7" blockId="3.[189,1398,1488,1619]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
We provide emended diagnoses and updated lists of valid species for
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B103D60FA01FB3FFA0E" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1918" box="[1046,1224,1488,1514]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B103D60FA01FB3FFA0E" box="[1046,1224,1488,1514]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Chromaspirina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B103DADFA00FACDFA0F" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1963" box="[1243,1338,1489,1515]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B103DADFA00FACDFA0F" box="[1243,1338,1489,1515]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Spirinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B1039CBFA24FEDBF9EA" authorityName="Wieser &amp; Hopper" authorityYear="1967" box="[189,300,1525,1550]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Perspiria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBFA24FEDBF9EA" box="[189,300,1525,1550]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Perspiria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
below to clarify the distinctions between them. These lists are based on the original and any subsequent descriptions; as many of the original descriptions (especially early ones) lack
<typeStatus id="FB037DB0FFC70B103DA3F9C7FAFFF9D4" box="[1237,1288,1558,1584]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
material, we often had to rely on short descriptions and/or illustrations.
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<paragraph id="2407C312FFC60B113B4BFCF4FC00FCDB" blockId="2.[573,1015,805,831]" box="[573,1015,805,831]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Family
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<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC60B113BE1FCF4FCBBFCDB" bold="true" box="[663,844,805,831]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Desmodoridae</emphasis>
Filipjev, 1922
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genus
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<paragraph id="2407C312FFC60B1139CBFC44FC56FC4B" blockId="2.[189,929,917,943]" box="[189,929,917,943]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC60B1139CBFC44FE07FC4B" authority="de Man, 1889" authorityName="de Man" authorityYear="1889" box="[189,496,917,943]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Desmodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC60B1139CBFC44FEB1FC4B" box="[189,326,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Desmodora</emphasis>
de Man, 1889
</taxonomicName>
(synonym:
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<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC60B113B0DFC44FD1AFC4B" box="[635,749,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Mastodex</emphasis>
Steiner, 1921
</taxonomicName>
).
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<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC60B1139CBFC06FE58FC15" bold="true" box="[189,431,983,1009]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Emended diagnosis</emphasis>
(modified from
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC60B113B06FC06FCD6FC15" author="Lorenzen S." box="[624,801,983,1009]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 472" refId="ref10987" refString="Lorenzen S. 1981. Entwurf eines phylogenetischen Systems der freilebenden Nematoden. Veroffentlichungen des Instituts fur Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven, Supplement 7: 1 - 472." type="journal article" year="1981">
Lorenzen
<date id="5006E5D2FFC60B113B90FC06FCD6FC15" box="[742,801,983,1009]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1981">1981</date>
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and
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC60B113A2CFC06FB76FC15" author="Decraemer W. &amp; Smol N." box="[858,1153,983,1009]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="497 - 573" refId="ref10573" refString="Decraemer W. &amp; Smol N. 2006. Orders Chromadorida, Desmodorida and Desmoscolecida. In: Abebe E. - A., Transpurger W. &amp; Andrassy I. (eds) Freshwater Nematodes: Ecology and Taxonomy: 497 - 573. UK CABI Publishing, Cambridge." type="book chapter" year="2006">Decraemer &amp; Smol 2006</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC60B1139CBFBD4FCB2FAF1" blockId="2.[189,1399,1029,1301]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Member of
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. Cuticle with coarse annulations, at least in anterior body region, or striated. Specialised somatic setae, such as adhesion tubes (
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC60B113ADEFBF9FB9BFBA6" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1918" box="[936,1132,1064,1090]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Draconematidae</taxonomicName>
) or ambulatory setae (
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC60B1139B3FB9AFE7BFB81" authorityName="Steiner" authorityYear="1927" box="[197,396,1099,1125]" class="Adenophorea" family="Epsilonematidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Epsilonematidae</taxonomicName>
) not present. Amphideal fovea usually spiral, unispiral, cryptospiral, or cryptocircular, and sometimes loop- or pore-shaped. Buccal cavity with small to large dorsal tooth and smaller or indistinct subventral teeth. Pharynx usually with round muscular posterior bulb, with or without cuticularised lumen; sometimes bulb is pyriform, elongated, or indistinct. Gubernaculum without dorsal apophyses. Males usually monorchic, except in
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC60B113A7BFB08FB18FB16" authority="Leduc" authorityName="Leduc" authorityYear="2013" box="[781,1263,1240,1267]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Onepunema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC60B113A7BFB08FC6CFB17" box="[781,923,1241,1267]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Onepunema</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC60B113ADEFB09FB18FB16" author="Leduc D. &amp; Verschelde D." box="[936,1263,1240,1266]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="274 - 290" refId="ref10931" refString="Leduc D. &amp; Verschelde D. 2013. One new genus and two new free-living nematode species (Desmodorida, Desmodoridae) from the continental margin of New Zealand, Southwest Pacific Ocean. Zootaxa 3609: 274 - 290. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3609.3.2" type="journal article" year="2013">Leduc &amp; Verschelde, 2013</bibRefCitation>
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(diorchic). Vulva usually posterior to middle of body. Tail conical.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CA29099FFC60B1139CBFAECFD66F8C8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC60B1139CBFAECFED8FAB3" blockId="2.[189,303,1341,1367]" box="[189,303,1341,1367]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<heading id="7F4F747EFFC60B1139CBFAECFED8FAB3" bold="true" box="[189,303,1341,1367]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="3">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC60B1139CBFAECFED8FAB3" bold="true" box="[189,303,1341,1367]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC60B1139CBFABAFD66F8C8" blockId="2.[189,1399,1387,1836]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC60B1139CBFABAFE29FA61" author="Armenteros M. &amp; Ruiz-Abierno A. &amp; Decraemer W." box="[189,478,1387,1414]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref10102" refString="Armenteros M., Ruiz-Abierno A. &amp; Decraemer W. 2014. Revision of Desmodorinae and Spiriniinae (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) with redescription of eight known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 96: 1 - 32. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2014.96" type="journal article" year="2014">
Armenteros
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC60B113839FABCFE7EFA61" box="[335,393,1387,1414]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
recently argued that the genus
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC60B113A3AFABCFAEEFA61" authority="Leduc" authorityName="Leduc" authorityYear="2013" box="[844,1305,1387,1415]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Onepunema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC60B113A3AFABCFC2DFA63" box="[844,986,1389,1415]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Onepunema</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC60B113A96FABAFAEEFA61" author="Leduc D. &amp; Verschelde D." box="[992,1305,1387,1413]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="274 - 290" refId="ref10931" refString="Leduc D. &amp; Verschelde D. 2013. One new genus and two new free-living nematode species (Desmodorida, Desmodoridae) from the continental margin of New Zealand, Southwest Pacific Ocean. Zootaxa 3609: 274 - 290. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3609.3.2" type="journal article" year="2013">Leduc &amp; Verschelde, 2013</bibRefCitation>
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is more closely related to the
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than to the
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because of the presence of two testes (a feature common in the former but not found in the latter). The
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC60B113AFEFA63FBCFFA28" box="[904,1080,1458,1484]" class="Adenophorea" family="Microlaimidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Microlaimidae</taxonomicName>
, however, are characterised by the presence of outstretched ovaries, while
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC60B113BA0FA07FC93FA14" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2013" box="[726,868,1494,1520]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Onepunema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC60B113BA0FA07FC93FA14" box="[726,868,1494,1520]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Onepunema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses reflexed ovaries, a characteristic of the
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC60B11399EFA29FE60F9F6" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1922" box="[232,407,1528,1554]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Desmodoridae</taxonomicName>
. This trait, in combination with the presence of a cephalic capsule in
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC60B113DCAFA28FABDF9F7" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2013" box="[1212,1354,1529,1555]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Onepunema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC60B113DCAFA28FABDF9F7" box="[1212,1354,1529,1555]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Onepunema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(an important characteristic for the classification of supraspecific taxa within the
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC60B113D2CF9CAFB0FF9D1" authorityName="de Coninck" authorityYear="1965" box="[1114,1272,1563,1589]" class="Adenophorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematoda" rank="order">Desmodorida</taxonomicName>
and never found within the Microlaimoidea) suggests closer affinities with the
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(and
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in particular) than with the
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC60B113B74F9B3FD44F998" box="[514,691,1634,1660]" class="Adenophorea" family="Microlaimidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Microlaimidae</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC60B113BCBF9B3FBF8F998" author="Armenteros M. &amp; Ruiz-Abierno A. &amp; Decraemer W." box="[701,1039,1634,1660]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref10102" refString="Armenteros M., Ruiz-Abierno A. &amp; Decraemer W. 2014. Revision of Desmodorinae and Spiriniinae (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) with redescription of eight known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 96: 1 - 32. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2014.96" type="journal article" year="2014">
Armenteros
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC60B113A39F9B2FC7CF998" box="[847,907,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">et al.</emphasis>
(2014: 26)
</bibRefCitation>
incorrectly stated that “… the presence of reflexed ovaries […] suggest a relationship with
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC60B113A0AF954FB56F97B" authority="Cobb, 1920" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[892,1185,1669,1695]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Bolbolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC60B113A0AF954FBE7F97B" box="[892,1040,1669,1695]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Bolbolaimus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC60B113D60F954FB56F97B" author="Cobb N. A." box="[1046,1185,1669,1695]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="217 - 343" refId="ref10423" refString="Cobb N. A. 1920. One hundred new nemas (type species of 100 new genera). Contributions to a Science of Nematology 9: 217 - 343." type="journal article" year="1920">Cobb, 1920</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC60B113DDAF954FE82F926" authority="Lorenzen, 1976" authorityName="Lorenzen" authorityYear="1976" class="Adenophorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Calomicrolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC60B113DDAF954FA80F97B" box="[1196,1399,1669,1695]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Calomicrolaimus</emphasis>
Lorenzen, 1976
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC60B1138DAF979FD19F926" authority="de Man, 1880" authorityName="de Man" authorityYear="1880" box="[428,750,1704,1730]" class="Adenophorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Microlaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC60B1138DAF979FDB6F926" box="[428,577,1704,1730]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Microlaimus</emphasis>
de Man, 1880
</taxonomicName>
”. Reflexed ovaries are not found in any of these genera; perhaps
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC60B113856F91AFE43F901" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[288,436,1739,1765]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Bolbolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC60B113856F91AFE43F901" box="[288,436,1739,1765]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Bolbolaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was confused with
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC60B113BD7F91AFC4EF901" authority="Cobb, 1920" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[673,953,1739,1765]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Bolbonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC60B113BD7F91AFCD0F901" box="[673,807,1739,1765]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Bolbonema</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC60B113A59F91AFC4EF901" author="Cobb N. A." box="[815,953,1739,1765]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="217 - 343" refId="ref10423" refString="Cobb N. A. 1920. One hundred new nemas (type species of 100 new genera). Contributions to a Science of Nematology 9: 217 - 343." type="journal article" year="1920">Cobb, 1920</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(see comments under
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC60B113DB2F91AFE12F8ED" authority="Jensen, 1985" authorityName="Jensen" authorityYear="1985" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longisetosa">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC60B113DB2F91AFEB4F8ED" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Chromaspirina longisetosa</emphasis>
Jensen, 1985
</taxonomicName>
below), which belongs to the
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC60B113A24F93EFC0AF8ED" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1922" box="[850,1021,1775,1801]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Desmodoridae</taxonomicName>
due to the presence of reflexed ovaries and a globular cephalic capsule.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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Genus
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<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B103BE4F9ABFCBDF971" bold="true" box="[658,842,1658,1685]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Chromaspirina</emphasis>
Filipjev, 1918
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<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBF96DFEAFF932" bold="true" box="[189,344,1724,1750]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<typeStatus id="FB037DB0FFC70B1039CBF96DFF0DF932" box="[189,250,1724,1750]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type</typeStatus>
species
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBF93AFD77F8E1" blockId="3.[189,640,1771,1797]" box="[189,640,1771,1797]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B1039CBF93AFD8BF8E1" authority="Filipjev, 1918" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1918" box="[189,636,1771,1797]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pontica">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBF93AFE38F8E1" box="[189,463,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Chromaspirina pontica</emphasis>
Filipjev, 1918
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CA29099FFC70B1739CBF8FDFC70FE8E" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBF8FDFB8BF8A2" blockId="3.[189,1148,1836,1863]" box="[189,1148,1836,1863]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBF8FDFE58F8A2" bold="true" box="[189,431,1836,1862]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Emended diagnosis</emphasis>
(modified from
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC70B103B06F8FDFCCDF8A2" author="Maria T. F. &amp; Esteves A. M. &amp; Smol N. &amp; Vanreusel A. &amp; Decraemer W." box="[624,826,1836,1863]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="21 - 36" refId="ref11050" refString="Maria T. F., Esteves A. M., Smol N., Vanreusel A. &amp; Decraemer W. 2009. Chromaspirina guanabarensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) and a new illustrated dichotomous key to Chromaspirina species. Zootaxa 2092: 21 - 36." type="journal article" year="2009">
Maria
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B103BC8F8FFFD0FF8A2" box="[702,760,1836,1863]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC70B103A05F8FDFB83F8A2" author="Muthumbi A. &amp; Verschelde D. &amp; Vincx M." box="[883,1140,1836,1863]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="181 - 195" refId="ref11175" refString="Muthumbi A., Verschelde D. &amp; Vincx M. 1995. New Desmodoridae (Nematoda: Desmodoroidea): three new species from Ceriops mangrove sediments (Kenya) and one related new species from the North Sea. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 36: 181 - 195." type="journal article" year="1995">
Muthumbi
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B103A80F8FFFBC6F8A2" box="[1014,1073,1836,1863]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
1995
</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1739CBF88AFC70FE8E" blockId="3.[189,1399,1883,2014]" lastBlockId="4.[189,1399,266,362]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Robust body with rounded or rectangular head region and short conical tail; fine body annulations. Annulated or non-annulated head region; body annulations envelop the amphideal fovea partly, entirely, or only begin at posterior edge of amphids. Amphideal fovea uni-, crypto- or multispiral, or loopshaped. Cephalic setae at anterior edge or further posteriorly alongside amphids. Distinct buccal cavity, conspicuously cuticularised; large dorsal tooth and smaller subventral teeth; ventral field of denticles may be present. Pharynx with round or oval posterior bulb, sometimes weakly developed, and without cuticularised lumen. Precloacal supplements may be present.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CA29099FFC00B1539CBFE40FCC2FE69" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC00B1739CBFE40FEABFE4F" blockId="4.[189,348,401,427]" box="[189,348,401,427]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<heading id="7F4F747EFFC00B1739CBFE40FEABFE4F" bold="true" box="[189,348,401,427]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="3">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC00B1739CBFE40FEABFE4F" bold="true" box="[189,348,401,427]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Valid species</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC00B1739CBFE10FCB8FDC4" blockId="4.[189,1399,448,544]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC00B1739CBFE10FE08FE3E" authority="Boucher, 1975" authorityName="Boucher" authorityYear="1975" box="[189,511,448,475]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="chabaudi">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC00B1739CBFE10FEBCFE3E" box="[189,331,448,475]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. chabaudi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B173827FE11FE08FE3E" author="Boucher G." box="[337,511,448,474]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="101 - 128" refId="ref10223" refString="Boucher G. 1975. Nematodes des sables fins infralittoraux de la Pierre Noire (Manche Occidentale). I. Desmodorida. Bulletin de Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 285: 101 - 128." type="journal article" year="1975">Boucher, 1975</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Main diagnostic characters: ‘‘… a medium-sized dorsal tooth and two small subventral teeth. Anterior portion with twelve chelorhabdia.’’ Drawings show a distinct cuticularised dorsal tooth and subventral teeth (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B173B3DFDD7FD00FDC4" author="Boucher G." box="[587,759,518,544]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="101 - 128" refId="ref10223" refString="Boucher G. 1975. Nematodes des sables fins infralittoraux de la Pierre Noire (Manche Occidentale). I. Desmodorida. Bulletin de Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 285: 101 - 128." type="journal article" year="1975">Boucher 1975</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 2).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC00B1739CBFD98FEE8FD61" blockId="4.[189,1398,584,645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC00B1739CBFD98FE14FD86" authority="Gerlach, 1952" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1952" box="[189,483,584,611]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="crinita">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC00B1739CBFD98FED8FD86" box="[189,303,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. crinita</emphasis>
Gerlach, 1952
</taxonomicName>
. Main diagnostic character: ‘‘The dorsal tooth is massive and extraordinarily strong.’’
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC00B1739CBFD7FFAA8FD0E" blockId="4.[189,1399,684,746]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC00B1739CBFD7FFDD1FD22" authority="(Cobb, 1920)" baseAuthorityName="Cobb" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[189,550,684,712]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cylindricollis">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC00B1739CBFD7FFE8BFD22" box="[189,380,684,712]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. cylindricollis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B1738FBFD7DFDEAFD22" author="Cobb N. A." box="[397,541,684,710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="217 - 343" refId="ref10423" refString="Cobb N. A. 1920. One hundred new nemas (type species of 100 new genera). Contributions to a Science of Nematology 9: 217 - 343." type="journal article" year="1920">Cobb, 1920</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Main diagnostic characters: Only an ‘onchium’ is mentioned, without further comment, but a distinct cuticularised dorsal tooth is visible on the drawing (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B173DF8FD01FAA6FD0E" author="Cobb N. A." box="[1166,1361,720,746]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="217 - 343" refId="ref10423" refString="Cobb N. A. 1920. One hundred new nemas (type species of 100 new genera). Contributions to a Science of Nematology 9: 217 - 343." type="journal article" year="1920">Cobb 1920: 325</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC00B1739CBFCC3FB56FCCF" blockId="4.[189,1185,785,812]" box="[189,1185,785,812]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC00B1739CBFCC3FE4EFCCF" authority="Inglis, 1968" authorityName="Inglis" authorityYear="1968" box="[189,441,785,812]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="dubia">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC00B1739CBFCC3FED5FCCF" box="[189,290,785,812]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. dubia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B17385FFCC0FE4EFCCF" author="Inglis W. G." box="[297,441,785,811]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="29 - 74" refId="ref10828" refString="Inglis W. G. 1968. Interstitial nematodes from St. Vincent's Bay, New Caledonia: Expedition francaise sur les recifs coralliens de la Nouvelle Caledonie. Editions de la Fondation Singer-Polignac, Occasional Publications 2: 29 - 74." type="journal article" year="1968">Inglis, 1968</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Drawing shows a very large dorsal tooth (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B173AD9FCC0FBCDFCCF" author="Inglis W. G." box="[943,1082,785,811]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="29 - 74" refId="ref10828" refString="Inglis W. G. 1968. Interstitial nematodes from St. Vincent's Bay, New Caledonia: Expedition francaise sur les recifs coralliens de la Nouvelle Caledonie. Editions de la Fondation Singer-Polignac, Occasional Publications 2: 29 - 74." type="journal article" year="1968">Inglis 1968</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 53).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC00B1739CBFC85FE34FC74" blockId="4.[189,1399,850,912]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC00B1739CBFC85FE1BFC88" authority="Blome, 1982" authorityName="Blome" authorityYear="1982" box="[189,492,850,878]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="gerlachi">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC00B1739CBFC85FEB3FC88" box="[189,324,850,878]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. gerlachi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B173838FC83FE1BFC88" author="Blome D." box="[334,492,850,876]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 194" refId="ref10200" refString="Blome D. 1982. Systematik der Nematoda eines Sandstrandes der Nordseeinsel Sylt. Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens 86: 1 - 194." type="journal article" year="1982">Blome, 1982</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Drawing shows a distinctly cuticularised dorsal tooth and subventral teeth (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B1739B3FCA7FEACFC74" author="Blome D." box="[197,347,886,912]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 194" refId="ref10200" refString="Blome D. 1982. Systematik der Nematoda eines Sandstrandes der Nordseeinsel Sylt. Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens 86: 1 - 194." type="journal article" year="1982">Blome 1982</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 20).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC00B1739CBFC69FDF5FC10" blockId="4.[189,1398,951,1012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC00B1739CBFC69FE2BFC35" authority="Gerlach, 1963" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1963" box="[189,476,951,978]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC00B1739CBFC69FEDEFC35" box="[189,297,951,978]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. indica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B173844FC66FE2BFC35" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[306,476,951,977]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="67 - 103" refId="ref10747" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1963. Frielebende Meeresnematoden von den Malediven II. Kieler Meeresforschungen 19: 67 - 103." type="journal article" year="1963">Gerlach, 1963</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Drawing shows a very large dorsal tooth and thickly cuticularised subventral teeth (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B173873FC0BFE5DFC10" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[261,426,986,1012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="67 - 103" refId="ref10747" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1963. Frielebende Meeresnematoden von den Malediven II. Kieler Meeresforschungen 19: 67 - 103." type="journal article" year="1963">Gerlach 1963</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC00B1739CBFBCCFCBAFBBD" blockId="4.[189,1399,1052,1113]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC00B1739CBFBCCFE02FBD2" authority="Warwick, 1970" authorityName="Warwick" authorityYear="1970" box="[189,501,1052,1079]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="inglisi">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC00B1739CBFBCCFEDAFBD2" box="[189,301,1052,1079]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. inglisi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B17384CFBCDFE02FBD2" author="Warwick R. M." box="[314,501,1052,1078]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="137 - 177" refId="ref11620" refString="Warwick R. M. 1970. Fourteen new species of free-living marine nematodes from the Exe estuary. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology) 19: 137 - 177." type="journal article" year="1970">
<collectingRegion id="E67C0DF0FFC00B17384CFBCDFE51FBD2" box="[314,422,1052,1078]" country="Bermuda" name="Warwick" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Warwick</collectingRegion>
, 1970
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Main diagnostic character: ‘‘... a prominent heavily cuticularized dorsal tooth...’’; also clear in drawing (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B173B42FBEEFD11FBBD" author="Warwick R. M." box="[564,742,1087,1113]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="137 - 177" refId="ref11620" refString="Warwick R. M. 1970. Fourteen new species of free-living marine nematodes from the Exe estuary. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology) 19: 137 - 177." type="journal article" year="1970">
<collectingRegion id="E67C0DF0FFC00B173B42FBEEFD68FBBD" box="[564,671,1087,1113]" country="Bermuda" name="Warwick" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Warwick</collectingRegion>
1970
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 12).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC00B1739CBFB53FE26FB5A" blockId="4.[189,1398,1152,1214]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC00B1739CBFB53FE1CFB7E" authority="Gerlach, 1965" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1965" box="[189,491,1152,1180]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="lunatica">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC00B1739CBFB53FEC9FB7E" box="[189,318,1152,1180]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. lunatica</emphasis>
Gerlach, 1965
</taxonomicName>
. Main diagnostic character: ‘‘...a strong dorsal tooth …’’; also clear in drawing (Gerlach 1965: fig. 13).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC00B1739CBFB37FB3DFAC6" blockId="4.[189,1399,1253,1314]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC00B1739CBFB37FD90FB1B" authority="Gerlach, 1953" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1953" box="[189,615,1253,1280]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="madagascarensis">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC00B1739CBFB37FE59FB1B" box="[189,430,1253,1280]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. madagascarensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B1738CCFB34FD90FB1B" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[442,615,1253,1279]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="73 - 86" refId="ref10625" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1953. Recherches sur la faune des eaux interstitielles de Madagascar. III. Sur quelques nematodes libres des eaux souterraines littorales de Madagascar. Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar 8: 73 - 86." type="journal article" year="1953">Gerlach, 1953</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Main diagnostic characters: ‘‘...a rather large dorsal tooth …’’; drawing shows a large and thick dorsal tooth and subventral teeth (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B173ABBFAD9FB85FAC6" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[973,1138,1288,1314]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="73 - 86" refId="ref10625" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1953. Recherches sur la faune des eaux interstitielles de Madagascar. III. Sur quelques nematodes libres des eaux souterraines littorales de Madagascar. Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar 8: 73 - 86." type="journal article" year="1953">Gerlach 1953</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 4).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC00B1739CBFA9AFE0EFA63" blockId="4.[189,1399,1354,1415]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC00B1739CBFA9AFE12FA80" authority="Bussau, 1993" authorityName="Bussau" authorityYear="1993" box="[189,485,1354,1381]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="modesta">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC00B1739CBFA9AFEB7FA80" box="[189,320,1354,1381]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. modesta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B173833FA9BFE12FA80" author="Bussau C." box="[325,485,1354,1380]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref10258" refString="Bussau C. 1993. Taxonomische und Okologische Untersuchungen an Nematoden des Peru-Beckens. PhD Thesis, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultat der Christian-Albrechts-Universitat zu Kiel, Germany." type="book" year="1993">Bussau, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Drawing shows a large, heavily cuticularised dorsal tooth and subventral teeth (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B1739B3FABCFE95FA63" author="Bussau C." box="[197,354,1389,1415]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref10258" refString="Bussau C. 1993. Taxonomische und Okologische Untersuchungen an Nematoden des Peru-Beckens. PhD Thesis, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultat der Christian-Albrechts-Universitat zu Kiel, Germany." type="book" year="1993">Bussau 1993</bibRefCitation>
: figs 55–57).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC00B1739CBFA7EFC54F9EB" blockId="4.[189,1399,1454,1551]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC00B1739CBFA7EFE0FFA2C" authority="Jayasree" authorityName="Jayasree" box="[189,504,1454,1481]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="multipapillata">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC00B1739CBFA7EFE7EFA2C" box="[189,393,1454,1481]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. multipapillata</emphasis>
Jayasree
</taxonomicName>
&amp;
<collectingRegion id="E67C0DF0FFC00B173B53FA7FFD66FA2C" box="[549,657,1454,1480]" country="Bermuda" name="Warwick" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Warwick</collectingRegion>
, 1977. Main diagnostic characters: ‘‘Buccal cavity bearing a dorsal tooth and two small subventral teeth’’; drawing unclear. It is difficult to draw a firm conclusion from the description and hence this species is left in this genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC00B1739CBF9E6FBEDF997" blockId="4.[189,1398,1590,1651]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC00B1739CBF9E6FD55F9B4" authority="Luc &amp; De Coninck, 1959" authorityName="Luc &amp; De Coninck" authorityYear="1959" box="[189,674,1590,1617]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="parapontica">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC00B1739CBF9E6FE99F9B5" box="[189,366,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. parapontica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B173800F9E7FD55F9B4" author="Luc M. &amp; De Coninck L. A. P." box="[374,674,1590,1616]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="108 - 166" refId="ref11015" refString="Luc M. &amp; De Coninck L. A. P. 1959. Nematodes libres marins de la region de Roscoff. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale 98: 108 - 166." type="journal article" year="1959">Luc &amp; De Coninck, 1959</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Main diagnostic characters: ‘‘Large dorsal tooth...’’; drawing shows a large dagger-like dorsal tooth (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B173BFDF988FC44F997" author="Luc M. &amp; De Coninck L. A. P." box="[651,947,1625,1651]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="108 - 166" refId="ref11015" refString="Luc M. &amp; De Coninck L. A. P. 1959. Nematodes libres marins de la region de Roscoff. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale 98: 108 - 166." type="journal article" year="1959">Luc &amp; De Coninck 1959</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 35).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC00B1739CBF94DFC65F93C" blockId="4.[189,1399,1691,1752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC00B1739CBF94DFE28F951" authority="Gerlach, 1954" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1954" box="[189,479,1691,1718]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pellita">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC00B1739CBF94DFEDBF951" box="[189,300,1691,1718]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. pellita</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B173840F94AFE28F951" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[310,479,1691,1717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="95 - 110" refId="ref10667" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1954. Nouveaux nematodes libres des eaux souterraines littorales francaises. Vie et Milieu 4: 95 - 110." type="journal article" year="1954">Gerlach, 1954</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(synonym:
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC00B173B19F94DFC4AF951" authority="Boucher, 1975" authorityName="Boucher" authorityYear="1975" box="[623,957,1691,1718]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="renaudae">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC00B173B19F94DFCF5F951" box="[623,770,1691,1718]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. renaudae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B173A7DF94AFC4AF951" author="Boucher G." box="[779,957,1691,1717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="101 - 128" refId="ref10223" refString="Boucher G. 1975. Nematodes des sables fins infralittoraux de la Pierre Noire (Manche Occidentale). I. Desmodorida. Bulletin de Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 285: 101 - 128." type="journal article" year="1975">Boucher, 1975</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). Drawing shows a very large dorsal tooth and conspicuous subventral teeth (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B173BE2F96FFCCDF93C" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[660,826,1726,1752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="95 - 110" refId="ref10667" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1954. Nouveaux nematodes libres des eaux souterraines littorales francaises. Vie et Milieu 4: 95 - 110." type="journal article" year="1954">Gerlach 1954</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 4).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC00B1739CBF8D0FEACF8D9" blockId="4.[189,1399,1791,1853]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC00B1739CBF8D0FE15F8FD" authority="Filipjev, 1918" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1918" box="[189,482,1791,1819]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pontica">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC00B1739CBF8D0FEC1F8FE" box="[189,310,1793,1819]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. pontica</emphasis>
Filipjev, 1918
</taxonomicName>
. Main diagnostic character: ‘‘Three teeth…: one large dorsal …, and two small subventrals.’’
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC00B1739CBF8B4FDADF846" blockId="4.[189,1399,1892,1954]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC00B1739CBF8B4FDE5F89A" authority="De Coninck, 1943" authorityName="De Coninck" authorityYear="1943" box="[189,530,1892,1919]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="thieryi">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC00B1739CBF8B4FED9F89A" box="[189,302,1892,1919]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. thieryi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B173840F8B5FDE5F89A" author="De Coninck L. A." box="[310,530,1892,1918]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="193 - 220" refId="ref10501" refString="De Coninck L. A. 1943. Sur quelques especes nouvelles de nematodes libres des eaux et des terres saumatres de l'Islande. Biologisch Jaarboek 10: 193 - 220." type="journal article" year="1943">De Coninck, 1943</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Main diagnostic character: “…with strong dorsal tooth... ”; also clear in drawing (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B17385BF856FDF6F845" author="De Coninck L. A." box="[301,513,1927,1953]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="193 - 220" refId="ref10501" refString="De Coninck L. A. 1943. Sur quelques especes nouvelles de nematodes libres des eaux et des terres saumatres de l'Islande. Biologisch Jaarboek 10: 193 - 220." type="journal article" year="1943">De Coninck 1943</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 5).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC10B1639CBFEDAFB5DFEA3" blockId="5.[189,1398,266,327]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B1639CBFEDAFD45FEC0" authority="Verschelde &amp; Vincx, 1996" authorityName="Verschelde &amp; Vincx" authorityYear="1996" box="[189,690,266,293]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vanreuselae">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B1639CBFEDAFE99FEC0" box="[189,366,266,293]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. vanreuselae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163803FEDBFD45FEC0" author="Verschelde D. &amp; Vincx M." box="[373,690,266,292]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref11371" refString="Verschelde D. &amp; Vincx M. 1996. Four new species of the family Desmodoridae (Nematoda, Desmodoroidea) from Kenya. Zoologica Scripta 25: 1 - 20. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1996. tb 00148. x" type="journal article" year="1996">Verschelde &amp; Vincx, 1996</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Main diagnostic characters: “…with huge dorsal tooth and smaller single ventral tooth”; also clear in drawing (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163A68FEFCFBA5FEA3" author="Verschelde D. &amp; Vincx M." box="[798,1106,301,327]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref11371" refString="Verschelde D. &amp; Vincx M. 1996. Four new species of the family Desmodoridae (Nematoda, Desmodoroidea) from Kenya. Zoologica Scripta 25: 1 - 20. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1996. tb 00148. x" type="journal article" year="1996">Verschelde &amp; Vincx 1996</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC10B1639CBFEBCFE46FE6C" blockId="5.[189,433,365,392]" box="[189,433,365,392]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<heading id="7F4F747EFFC10B1639CBFEBCFE46FE6C" bold="true" box="[189,433,365,392]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="3">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B1639CBFEBCFE46FE6C" bold="true" box="[189,433,365,392]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Species inquirendae</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC10B1639CBFE4FFBA1FE53" blockId="5.[189,1110,413,440]" box="[189,1110,413,440]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B1639CBFE4FFDFBFE53" authority="(De Man, 1922)" baseAuthorityName="De Man" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[189,524,413,440]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="amabilis">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B1639CBFE4FFEB3FE53" box="[189,324,413,440]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. amabilis</emphasis>
(De Man, 1922)
</taxonomicName>
. Considered
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163BD5FE4FFC88FE53" box="[675,895,413,439]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">species inquirenda</emphasis>
by
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163ADDFE4CFBA5FE53" author="Jensen P." box="[939,1106,413,439]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="159 - 173" refId="ref10871" refString="Jensen P. 1978. Revision of Microlaimidae, erection of Molgolaimidae fam. n., and remarks on the systematic position of Paramicrolaimus (Nematoda, Desmodorida). Zoologica Scripta 7: 159 - 173. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1978. tb 00599. x" type="journal article" year="1978">Jensen (1978)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC10B1639CBFE0EFBC4FE1C" blockId="5.[189,1075,478,505]" box="[189,1075,478,505]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B1639CBFE0EFE1FFE1C" authority="Chitwood, 1938" authorityName="Chitwood" authorityYear="1938" box="[189,488,478,505]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cobbi">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B1639CBFE0EFED7FE1C" box="[189,288,478,505]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. cobbi</emphasis>
Chitwood, 1938
</taxonomicName>
. Considered
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163BF6FE31FCABFE1C" box="[640,860,478,505]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">species inquirenda</emphasis>
by
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163AFEFE0FFBD8FE1C" author="Jensen P." box="[904,1071,478,504]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="159 - 173" refId="ref10871" refString="Jensen P. 1978. Revision of Microlaimidae, erection of Molgolaimidae fam. n., and remarks on the systematic position of Paramicrolaimus (Nematoda, Desmodorida). Zoologica Scripta 7: 159 - 173. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1978. tb 00599. x" type="journal article" year="1978">Jensen (1978)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC10B1639CBFDF0FB5FFDDE" blockId="5.[189,1192,544,571]" box="[189,1192,544,571]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B1639CBFDF0FE2BFDDE" authority="Wieser, 1954" authorityName="Wieser" authorityYear="1954" box="[189,476,544,571]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B1639CBFDF0FECFFDDE" box="[189,312,544,571]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. robusta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163849FDF1FE2BFDDE" author="Wieser W." box="[319,476,544,570]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 149" refId="ref11656" refString="Wieser W. 1954. Free-living nematodes II. Chromadoroidea. Lunds Universitets Arsskrift, N. F. Avd. 2 50 (16): 1 - 149." type="journal article" year="1954">Wieser, 1954</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Considered
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163B02FDF0FCA7FDDE" box="[628,848,544,570]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">species inquirenda</emphasis>
by
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163A0DFDF1FB53FDDE" author="Wieser W. &amp; Hopper B." box="[891,1188,544,570]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="239 - 343" refId="ref11687" refString="Wieser W. &amp; Hopper B. 1967. Marine nematodes of the east coast of North America. I. Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 135: 239 - 343." type="journal article" year="1967">Wieser &amp; Hopper (1967)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC10B1639CBFDB0FED8FD9F" blockId="5.[189,303,609,635]" box="[189,303,609,635]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<heading id="7F4F747EFFC10B1639CBFDB0FED8FD9F" bold="true" box="[189,303,609,635]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="3">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B1639CBFDB0FED8FD9F" bold="true" box="[189,303,609,635]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC10B1639CBFD41FE52FCBE" blockId="5.[189,1399,656,858]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B1639CBFD41FD31FD4E" authority="(Cobb, 1920)" baseAuthorityName="Cobb" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[189,710,656,682]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cylindricollis">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B1639CBFD41FDE0FD4E" box="[189,535,656,682]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chromaspirina cylindricollis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163B5BFD41FD49FD4E" author="Cobb N. A." box="[557,702,656,682]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="217 - 343" refId="ref10423" refString="Cobb N. A. 1920. One hundred new nemas (type species of 100 new genera). Contributions to a Science of Nematology 9: 217 - 343." type="journal article" year="1920">Cobb, 1920</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(synonym:
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163A28FD41FADEFD4E" authority="Cobb, 1920" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[862,1321,656,682]" class="Chromadorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Mesodorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cylindricollis">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163A28FD41FB7EFD4E" box="[862,1161,656,682]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Mesodorus cylindricollis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163DE0FD41FADEFD4E" author="Cobb N. A." box="[1174,1321,656,682]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="217 - 343" refId="ref10423" refString="Cobb N. A. 1920. One hundred new nemas (type species of 100 new genera). Contributions to a Science of Nematology 9: 217 - 343." type="journal article" year="1920">Cobb, 1920</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). This species was in our opinion rightly transferred to
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163A76FD62FC45FD29" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1918" box="[768,946,691,717]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163A76FD62FC45FD29" box="[768,946,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chromaspirina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as it was described with an annulated head region.
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163814FD07FDA3FD14" author="Maria T. F. &amp; Esteves A. M. &amp; Smol N. &amp; Vanreusel A. &amp; Decraemer W." box="[354,596,726,753]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="21 - 36" refId="ref11050" refString="Maria T. F., Esteves A. M., Smol N., Vanreusel A. &amp; Decraemer W. 2009. Chromaspirina guanabarensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) and a new illustrated dichotomous key to Chromaspirina species. Zootaxa 2092: 21 - 36." type="journal article" year="2009">
Maria
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B1638C3FD09FE01FD14" box="[437,502,726,753]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
, however, mistakenly showed a drawing of the head capsule of
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B1639CBFD28FCF7FCF7" authority="Daday, 1899" authorityName="Daday" authorityYear="1899" box="[189,768,761,787]" class="Chromadorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Pseudochromadora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="quadripapillata">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B1639CBFD28FD94FCF7" box="[189,611,761,787]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pseudochromadora quadripapillata</emphasis>
Daday, 1899
</taxonomicName>
(synonym:
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163AFAFD2AFABCFCF7" authority="Cobb, 1920" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[908,1355,761,788]" class="Chromadorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Micromicron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cephalatum">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163AFAFD2AFB41FCF7" box="[908,1206,761,788]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Micromicron cephalatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163DCBFD28FABCFCF7" author="Cobb N. A." box="[1213,1355,761,787]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="217 - 343" refId="ref10423" refString="Cobb N. A. 1920. One hundred new nemas (type species of 100 new genera). Contributions to a Science of Nematology 9: 217 - 343." type="journal article" year="1920">Cobb, 1920</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
), in their key to
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B16383EFCCDFE0DFCD2" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1918" box="[328,506,796,822]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B16383EFCCDFE0DFCD2" box="[328,506,796,822]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chromaspirina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, instead of the non-annulated head region of
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163D12FCCFFAD7FCD2" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[1124,1312,796,824]" class="Chromadorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Mesodorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cylindricollis">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163D12FCCFFAD7FCD2" box="[1124,1312,796,824]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. cylindricollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163C58FCCDFEC9FCBE" author="Maria T. F. &amp; Esteves A. M. &amp; Smol N. &amp; Vanreusel A. &amp; Decraemer W." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="21 - 36" refId="ref11050" refString="Maria T. F., Esteves A. M., Smol N., Vanreusel A. &amp; Decraemer W. 2009. Chromaspirina guanabarensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) and a new illustrated dichotomous key to Chromaspirina species. Zootaxa 2092: 21 - 36." type="journal article" year="2009">
Maria
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B1639CBFC90FF0FFCBE" box="[189,248,832,858]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 26).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC10B1639CBFC50FCB0FB51" blockId="5.[189,1399,897,1205]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B1639CBFC50FD26FC7F" authority="(Gerlach, 1953)" baseAuthorityName="Gerlach" baseAuthorityYear="1953" box="[189,721,897,923]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="denticulata">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B1639CBFC50FDF7FC7F" box="[189,512,897,923]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chromaspirina denticulata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163B60FC50FD3FFC7F" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[534,712,897,923]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="73 - 86" refId="ref10625" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1953. Recherches sur la faune des eaux interstitielles de Madagascar. III. Sur quelques nematodes libres des eaux souterraines littorales de Madagascar. Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar 8: 73 - 86." type="journal article" year="1953">Gerlach, 1953</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. This species was originally described as
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163D94FC50FEBBFC5A" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1953" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Bolbolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="denticulatus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163D94FC50FEBBFC5A" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bolbolaimus denticulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B16382CFC75FD7CFC5A" author="Luc M. &amp; De Coninck L. A. P." box="[346,651,932,958]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="108 - 166" refId="ref11015" refString="Luc M. &amp; De Coninck L. A. P. 1959. Nematodes libres marins de la region de Roscoff. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale 98: 108 - 166." type="journal article" year="1959">Luc &amp; De Coninck (1959)</bibRefCitation>
later synonymized
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163A06FC75FBF3FC5A" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[880,1028,932,958]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Bolbolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163A06FC75FBF3FC5A" box="[880,1028,932,958]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bolbolaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163D33FC75FB00FC5A" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1918" box="[1093,1271,932,958]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163D33FC75FB00FC5A" box="[1093,1271,932,958]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chromaspirina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However,
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B1639CBFC16FE95FC05" author="Jensen P." box="[189,354,967,993]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="159 - 173" refId="ref10871" refString="Jensen P. 1978. Revision of Microlaimidae, erection of Molgolaimidae fam. n., and remarks on the systematic position of Paramicrolaimus (Nematoda, Desmodorida). Zoologica Scripta 7: 159 - 173. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1978. tb 00599. x" type="journal article" year="1978">Jensen (1978)</bibRefCitation>
rightly re-established the genus and re-instated
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163AEDFC16FA80FC05" authority="Gerlach, 1953" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1953" box="[923,1399,967,993]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Bolbolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="denticulatus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163AEDFC16FB30FC05" box="[923,1223,967,993]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bolbolaimus denticulatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163DB9FC16FA80FC05" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[1231,1399,967,993]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="73 - 86" refId="ref10625" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1953. Recherches sur la faune des eaux interstitielles de Madagascar. III. Sur quelques nematodes libres des eaux souterraines littorales de Madagascar. Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar 8: 73 - 86." type="journal article" year="1953">Gerlach, 1953</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as a valid combination. However, he gave the wrong species authority in his identification key (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163C58FC3AFF0FFBCC" author="Cobb N. A." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="217 - 343" refId="ref10423" refString="Cobb N. A. 1920. One hundred new nemas (type species of 100 new genera). Contributions to a Science of Nematology 9: 217 - 343." type="journal article" year="1920">Cobb, 1920</bibRefCitation>
instead of
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163808FBDFFDDDFBCC" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[382,554,1038,1064]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="73 - 86" refId="ref10625" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1953. Recherches sur la faune des eaux interstitielles de Madagascar. III. Sur quelques nematodes libres des eaux souterraines littorales de Madagascar. Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar 8: 73 - 86." type="journal article" year="1953">Gerlach, 1953</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163B36FBDFFCD5FBCC" author="Maria T. F. &amp; Esteves A. M. &amp; Smol N. &amp; Vanreusel A. &amp; Decraemer W." box="[576,802,1038,1064]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="21 - 36" refId="ref11050" refString="Maria T. F., Esteves A. M., Smol N., Vanreusel A. &amp; Decraemer W. 2009. Chromaspirina guanabarensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) and a new illustrated dichotomous key to Chromaspirina species. Zootaxa 2092: 21 - 36." type="journal article" year="2009">
Maria
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163BF9FBDEFD3CFBCC" box="[655,715,1038,1064]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
included
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163AEFFBDEFB19FBCC" authority="(Gerlach, 1953)" baseAuthorityName="Gerlach" baseAuthorityYear="1953" box="[921,1262,1038,1065]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="denticula">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163AEFFBDEFBDDFBCC" box="[921,1066,1038,1065]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. denticula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163D4DFBDFFB11FBCC" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[1083,1254,1038,1064]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="73 - 86" refId="ref10625" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1953. Recherches sur la faune des eaux interstitielles de Madagascar. III. Sur quelques nematodes libres des eaux souterraines littorales de Madagascar. Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar 8: 73 - 86." type="journal article" year="1953">Gerlach, 1953</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163C77FBDEFA97FBCC" box="[1281,1376,1039,1064]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">erratum</emphasis>
?) in their list of invalid
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B1638A3FBE0FD70FBAF" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1918" box="[469,647,1073,1099]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B1638A3FBE0FD70FBAF" box="[469,647,1073,1099]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chromaspirina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. In conclusion, we recognize the re-establishment of
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B1639CBFB85FD61FB8A" authority="Gerlach, 1953" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1953" box="[189,662,1108,1134]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Bolbolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="denticulatus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B1639CBFB85FE1FFB8A" box="[189,488,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bolbolaimus denticulatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163899FB85FD61FB8A" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[495,662,1108,1134]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="73 - 86" refId="ref10625" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1953. Recherches sur la faune des eaux interstitielles de Madagascar. III. Sur quelques nematodes libres des eaux souterraines littorales de Madagascar. Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar 8: 73 - 86." type="journal article" year="1953">Gerlach, 1953</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as a valid combination (as suggested by
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163D00FB85FAF0FB8A" author="Jensen P." box="[1142,1287,1108,1134]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="159 - 173" refId="ref10871" refString="Jensen P. 1978. Revision of Microlaimidae, erection of Molgolaimidae fam. n., and remarks on the systematic position of Paramicrolaimus (Nematoda, Desmodorida). Zoologica Scripta 7: 159 - 173. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1978. tb 00599. x" type="journal article" year="1978">Jensen 1978</bibRefCitation>
) with the synonyms
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B16384DFBA6FCCCFB75" authority="(Gerlach, 1953)" baseAuthorityName="Gerlach" baseAuthorityYear="1953" box="[315,827,1143,1169]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="denticulata">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B16384DFBA6FD8FFB75" box="[315,632,1143,1169]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chromaspirina denticulata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163BF1FBA6FCC6FB75" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[647,817,1143,1169]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="73 - 86" refId="ref10625" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1953. Recherches sur la faune des eaux interstitielles de Madagascar. III. Sur quelques nematodes libres des eaux souterraines littorales de Madagascar. Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar 8: 73 - 86." type="journal article" year="1953">Gerlach, 1953</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163A30FBA6FAF7FB75" authority="Cobb, 1920" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[838,1280,1143,1169]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Bolbolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="denticulatus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163A30FBA6FB87FB75" box="[838,1136,1143,1169]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bolbolaimus denticulatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163D01FBA6FAF7FB75" author="Cobb N. A." box="[1143,1280,1143,1169]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="217 - 343" refId="ref10423" refString="Cobb N. A. 1920. One hundred new nemas (type species of 100 new genera). Contributions to a Science of Nematology 9: 217 - 343." type="journal article" year="1920">Cobb, 1920</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFC10B163C71FBA6FA85FB75" box="[1287,1394,1143,1169]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, and
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163999FB4AFD21FB51" authority="(Gerlach, 1953)" baseAuthorityName="Gerlach" baseAuthorityYear="1953" box="[239,726,1179,1205]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="denticula">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163999FB4AFDE2FB51" box="[239,533,1179,1205]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chromaspirina denticula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163B53FB4AFD39FB51" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[549,718,1179,1205]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="73 - 86" refId="ref10625" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1953. Recherches sur la faune des eaux interstitielles de Madagascar. III. Sur quelques nematodes libres des eaux souterraines littorales de Madagascar. Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar 8: 73 - 86." type="journal article" year="1953">Gerlach, 1953</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFC10B163BA8FB4AFCB0FB51" box="[734,839,1179,1205]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC10B1639CBFB0DFD69FAFD" blockId="5.[189,1399,1244,1305]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B1639CBFB0DFD54FB12" authority="(Hopper, 1961)" baseAuthorityName="Hopper" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[189,675,1244,1270]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="dimorpha">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B1639CBFB0DFE1FFB12" box="[189,488,1244,1270]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chromaspirina dimorpha</emphasis>
(Hopper, 1961)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163BADFB0CFC08FB12" authority="(Wieser, 1954)" baseAuthorityName="Wieser" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[731,1023,1244,1271]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="inflexa">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163BADFB0CFCBCFB13" box="[731,843,1244,1271]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. inflexa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163A2CFB0DFC00FB12" author="Wieser W." box="[858,1015,1244,1270]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 149" refId="ref11656" refString="Wieser W. 1954. Free-living nematodes II. Chromadoroidea. Lunds Universitets Arsskrift, N. F. Avd. 2 50 (16): 1 - 149." type="journal article" year="1954">Wieser, 1954</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
were rightly transferred back to
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B1639CBFB2EFEB1FAFD" authorityName="de Man" authorityYear="1889" box="[189,326,1279,1305]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Desmodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B1639CBFB2EFEB1FAFD" box="[189,326,1279,1305]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Desmodora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163807FB2EFD6DFAFD" author="Wieser W. &amp; Hopper B." box="[369,666,1279,1305]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="239 - 343" refId="ref11687" refString="Wieser W. &amp; Hopper B. 1967. Marine nematodes of the east coast of North America. I. Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 135: 239 - 343." type="journal article" year="1967">Wieser &amp; Hopper (1967)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC10B1639CBFA90FA93FA0C" blockId="5.[189,1398,1345,1512]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B1639CBFA90FD51FABF" authority="Jensen, 1985" authorityName="Jensen" authorityYear="1985" box="[189,678,1345,1371]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longisetosa">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B1639CBFA90FE08FABF" box="[189,511,1345,1371]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chromaspirina longisetosa</emphasis>
Jensen, 1985
</taxonomicName>
. This species was transferred to
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163D44FA90FB31FABF" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[1074,1222,1345,1371]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Bolbolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163D44FA90FB31FABF" box="[1074,1222,1345,1371]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bolbolaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163DACFA93FACEFABF" box="[1242,1337,1346,1371]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">erratum</emphasis>
?) by
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B1639CBFAB5FE2EFA9A" author="Muthumbi A. &amp; Verschelde D. &amp; Vincx M." box="[189,473,1380,1406]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="181 - 195" refId="ref11175" refString="Muthumbi A., Verschelde D. &amp; Vincx M. 1995. New Desmodoridae (Nematoda: Desmodoroidea): three new species from Ceriops mangrove sediments (Kenya) and one related new species from the North Sea. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 36: 181 - 195." type="journal article" year="1995">
Muthumbi
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163834FAB4FE88FA9A" box="[322,383,1380,1406]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
(1995)
</bibRefCitation>
, but later transferred to
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163B8AFAB5FC75FA9A" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[764,898,1380,1406]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Bolbonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163B8AFAB5FC75FA9A" box="[764,898,1380,1406]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bolbonema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163AC4FAB5FB23FA9A" author="Verschelde D. &amp; Gourbault N. &amp; Vincx M." box="[946,1236,1380,1406]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="75 - 112" refId="ref11424" refString="Verschelde D., Gourbault N. &amp; Vincx M. 1998. Revision of Desmodora with descriptions of new desmodorids (Nematoda) from hydrothermal vents of the Pacific. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 78: 75 - 112. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315400039977" type="journal article" year="1998">
Verschelde
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163D4AFAB4FB8EFA9A" box="[1084,1145,1380,1406]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
(1998)
</bibRefCitation>
. Because this species clearly has a head capsule and cephalic setae located posterior to the amphids, we confirm that it belongs to
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B16384AFA7BFE35FA20" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[316,450,1450,1476]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Bolbonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B16384AFA7BFE35FA20" box="[316,450,1450,1476]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bolbonema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Thus, we propose the combination
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163A13FA7BFACBFA20" authority="(Jensen, 1985)" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Jensen" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[869,1340,1450,1476]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Bolbonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longisetosum">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163A13FA7BFB7BFA20" box="[869,1164,1450,1476]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bolbonema longisetosum</emphasis>
(Jensen, 1985)
</taxonomicName>
with the synonyms
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163810FA1FFCB2FA0C" authority="Jensen, 1985" authorityName="Jensen" authorityYear="1985" box="[358,837,1486,1512]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longisetosa">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163810FA1FFD51FA0C" box="[358,678,1486,1512]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chromaspirina longisetosa</emphasis>
Jensen, 1985
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163A08FA1FFA97FA0C" authority="(Jensen, 1985)" baseAuthorityName="Jensen" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[894,1376,1486,1512]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Bolbolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longisetosus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163A08FA1FFB5DFA0C" box="[894,1194,1486,1512]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bolbolaimus longisetosus</emphasis>
(Jensen, 1985)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC10B1639CBF9DEFAA3F9A8" blockId="5.[189,1399,1551,1613]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B1639CBF9DEFD7EF9CD" authority="Gerlach, 1965" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1965" box="[189,649,1551,1577]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="lunatica">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B1639CBF9DEFE2FF9CD" box="[189,472,1551,1577]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chromaspirina lunatica</emphasis>
Gerlach, 1965
</taxonomicName>
(synonym:
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163A61F9C1FBC1F9CD" authority="Gerlach, 1965" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1965" box="[791,1078,1551,1578]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="lunata">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163A61F9C1FC71F9CD" box="[791,902,1551,1578]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. lunata</emphasis>
Gerlach, 1965
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFC10B163D49F9DEFB5AF9CD" box="[1087,1197,1551,1577]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
). Gerlach (1965) described
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163843F9E2FE40F9A8" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1965" box="[309,439,1586,1613]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="lunatica">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163843F9E2FE40F9A8" box="[309,439,1586,1613]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. lunatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the species is incorrectly labelled as
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163AE9F9E2FBFBF9A8" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1965" box="[927,1036,1586,1613]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="lunata">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163AE9F9E2FBFBF9A8" box="[927,1036,1586,1613]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. lunata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in a figure caption (p. 132).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC10B1639CBF9A6FDDFF950" blockId="5.[189,1399,1653,1716]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B1639CBF9A6FD7DF975" authority="(Cobb, 1920)" baseAuthorityName="Cobb" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[189,650,1655,1681]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B1639CBF9A6FE12F975" box="[189,485,1655,1681]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chromaspirina pellucida</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163883F9A6FD75F975" author="Cobb N. A." box="[501,642,1655,1681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="217 - 343" refId="ref10423" refString="Cobb N. A. 1920. One hundred new nemas (type species of 100 new genera). Contributions to a Science of Nematology 9: 217 - 343." type="journal article" year="1920">Cobb, 1920</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163BB0F9A9FC01F975" authority="(Cobb, 1920)" baseAuthorityName="Cobb" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[710,1014,1655,1682]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163BB0F9A9FCA7F975" box="[710,848,1656,1682]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. punctata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163A17F9A6FC1AF975" author="Cobb N. A." box="[865,1005,1655,1681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="217 - 343" refId="ref10423" refString="Cobb N. A. 1920. One hundred new nemas (type species of 100 new genera). Contributions to a Science of Nematology 9: 217 - 343." type="journal article" year="1920">Cobb, 1920</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
were rightly transferred back to
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B1639CBF94BFEA6F950" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[189,337,1690,1716]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Bolbolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B1639CBF94BFEA6F950" box="[189,337,1690,1716]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bolbolaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B16380BF94BFDD2F950" author="Jensen P." box="[381,549,1690,1716]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="159 - 173" refId="ref10871" refString="Jensen P. 1978. Revision of Microlaimidae, erection of Molgolaimidae fam. n., and remarks on the systematic position of Paramicrolaimus (Nematoda, Desmodorida). Zoologica Scripta 7: 159 - 173. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1978. tb 00599. x" type="journal article" year="1978">Jensen (1978)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC10B1639CBF90AFBAEF82D" blockId="5.[189,1399,1755,1993]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B1639CBF90AFD61F911" authority="(Gerlach, 1956)" baseAuthorityName="Gerlach" baseAuthorityYear="1956" box="[189,662,1755,1781]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="rabosa">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B1639CBF90AFE3DF911" box="[189,458,1755,1781]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chromaspirina rabosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B1638ABF90AFD7BF911" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[477,652,1755,1781]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="202 - 218" refId="ref10692" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1956. Die Nematodenbesiedlung des tropischen Brandungsstrandes von Pernambuco. Brasilianische Meeres-Nematoden II. Kieler Meeresforschungen 12: 202 - 218." type="journal article" year="1956">Gerlach, 1956</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. This species was originally described as
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163DE4F90AFA81F911" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1956" box="[1170,1398,1755,1781]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Desmodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="rabosa">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163DE4F90AFA81F911" box="[1170,1398,1755,1781]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Desmodora rabosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and later transferred to
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B1638A8F92EFD67F8FD" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1918" box="[478,656,1791,1817]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B1638A8F92EFD67F8FD" box="[478,656,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chromaspirina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the same author (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163AE1F92EFBB7F8FD" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[919,1088,1791,1817]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="67 - 103" refId="ref10747" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1963. Frielebende Meeresnematoden von den Malediven II. Kieler Meeresforschungen 19: 67 - 103." type="journal article" year="1963">Gerlach 1963</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163D2EF92EFA80F8FD" author="Muthumbi A. &amp; Verschelde D. &amp; Vincx M." box="[1112,1399,1791,1817]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="181 - 195" refId="ref11175" refString="Muthumbi A., Verschelde D. &amp; Vincx M. 1995. New Desmodoridae (Nematoda: Desmodoroidea): three new species from Ceriops mangrove sediments (Kenya) and one related new species from the North Sea. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 36: 181 - 195." type="journal article" year="1995">
Muthumbi
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163DA9F8D1FAEAF8FD" box="[1247,1309,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
(1995)
</bibRefCitation>
argued that the species should be left in the genus
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163A5BF8F3FC41F8D8" authorityName="de Man" authorityYear="1889" box="[813,950,1826,1852]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Desmodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163A5BF8F3FC41F8D8" box="[813,950,1826,1852]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Desmodora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because it has “… a well-developed head capsule with the amphids situated outside the rings.” We note, however, that the cephalic setae are situated posterior to the amphids, and this species is therefore transferred to the genus
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163D9FF8B9FA98F866" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[1257,1391,1896,1922]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Bolbonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163D9FF8B9FA98F866" box="[1257,1391,1896,1922]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bolbonema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Thus, we propose the combination
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163B21F85AFBFCF841" authority="(Gerlach, 1956)" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Gerlach" baseAuthorityYear="1956" box="[599,1035,1931,1957]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Bolbonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="rabosum" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163B21F85AFCBCF841" box="[599,843,1931,1957]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bolbonema rabosum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163A2CF85AFBF5F841" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[858,1026,1931,1957]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="202 - 218" refId="ref10692" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1956. Die Nematodenbesiedlung des tropischen Brandungsstrandes von Pernambuco. Brasilianische Meeres-Nematoden II. Kieler Meeresforschungen 12: 202 - 218." type="journal article" year="1956">Gerlach, 1956</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFC10B163D64F85AFB64F841" box="[1042,1171,1931,1957]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
with the synonyms
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B1639CBF87EFDBAF82D" authority="Gerlach, 1956" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1956" box="[189,589,1967,1993]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Desmodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="rabosa">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B1639CBF87EFE69F82D" box="[189,414,1967,1993]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Desmodora rabosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B1638D0F87EFDBAF82D" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[422,589,1967,1993]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="202 - 218" refId="ref10692" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1956. Die Nematodenbesiedlung des tropischen Brandungsstrandes von Pernambuco. Brasilianische Meeres-Nematoden II. Kieler Meeresforschungen 12: 202 - 218." type="journal article" year="1956">Gerlach, 1956</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163BF3F87EFBA2F82D" authority="(Gerlach, 1956)" baseAuthorityName="Gerlach" baseAuthorityYear="1956" box="[645,1109,1967,1993]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="rabosa">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163BF3F87EFC67F82D" box="[645,912,1967,1993]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chromaspirina rabosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163AD6F87EFBBBF82D" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[928,1100,1967,1993]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="202 - 218" refId="ref10692" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1956. Die Nematodenbesiedlung des tropischen Brandungsstrandes von Pernambuco. Brasilianische Meeres-Nematoden II. Kieler Meeresforschungen 12: 202 - 218." type="journal article" year="1956">Gerlach, 1956</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC20B1539CBFEDBFCC2FE69" blockId="6.[189,1399,266,397]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC20B1539CBFEDBFD33FEC0" authority="(Wieser, 1959)" baseAuthorityName="Wieser" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[189,708,266,292]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC20B1539CBFEDBFE04FEC0" box="[189,499,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Chromaspirina spinulosa</emphasis>
(Wieser, 1959)
</taxonomicName>
. This species was transferred to
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC20B153DF1FEDBFAB1FEC0" authorityName="Schuurmans Stekhoven" authorityYear="1942" box="[1159,1350,266,292]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Metadesmodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC20B153DF1FEDBFAB1FEC0" box="[1159,1350,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Metadesmodora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC20B1539CBFEFCFE84FEA3" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[189,371,301,327]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="67 - 103" refId="ref10747" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1963. Frielebende Meeresnematoden von den Malediven II. Kieler Meeresforschungen 19: 67 - 103." type="journal article" year="1963">Gerlach (1963)</bibRefCitation>
and then to
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC20B153B64FEFCFD10FEA3" authorityName="Blome" authorityYear="1982" box="[530,743,301,327]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Echinodesmodora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC20B153B64FEFCFD10FEA3" box="[530,743,301,327]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Echinodesmodora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC20B153A6CFEFCFC32FEA3" author="Blome D." box="[794,965,301,327]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 194" refId="ref10200" refString="Blome D. 1982. Systematik der Nematoda eines Sandstrandes der Nordseeinsel Sylt. Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens 86: 1 - 194." type="journal article" year="1982">Blome (1982)</bibRefCitation>
. Thus, we propose the combination
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC20B1539CBFE81FD26FE8E" authority="(Wieser, 1959)" baseAuthorityName="Wieser" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[189,721,336,362]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Echinodesmodora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC20B1539CBFE81FDE7FE8E" box="[189,528,336,362]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Echinodesmodora spinulosa</emphasis>
(Wieser, 1959)
</taxonomicName>
with the synonyms
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC20B153AA1FE81FEF6FE69" authority="(Wieser, 1959)" baseAuthorityName="Wieser" baseAuthorityYear="1959" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC20B153AA1FE81FAF0FE8E" box="[983,1287,336,362]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Chromaspirina spinulosa</emphasis>
(Wieser, 1959)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC20B15384CFEA2FCC6FE69" authority="(Wieser, 1959)" baseAuthorityName="Wieser" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[314,817,371,397]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Metadesmodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC20B15384CFEA2FD8FFE69" box="[314,632,371,397]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Metadesmodora spinulosa</emphasis>
(Wieser, 1959)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

457
data/AC/11/72/AC117204FFCA0B073B24FB7AFB46FE54.xml Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,457 @@
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<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCA0B1D3B24FB7AFC77FB21" bold="true" box="[594,896,1195,1222]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Stygodesmodora confusa</emphasis>
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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</uri>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCA0B1D3BC2FB22FC77FAE9" blockId="14.[364,1223,1195,1293]" box="[692,896,1267,1293]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<figureCitation id="BC83DF97FFCA0B1D3BC2FB22FCE9FAE9" box="[692,798,1267,1293]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStartId-0="15.[189,232,1849,1875]" captionStartId-1="16.[189,232,1859,1885]" captionStartId-2="17.[189,232,1927,1953]" captionStartId-3="18.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1398,268,1788]" captionTargetBox-1="[190,1395,262,1816]" captionTargetBox-2="[184,1401,664,1885]" captionTargetBox-3="[517,1067,264,1922]" captionTargetId-0="figure@15.[189,1399,244,1809]" captionTargetId-1="figure@16.[171,1422,258,1821]" captionTargetId-2="figure@17.[167,1425,658,1890]" captionTargetId-3="figure@18.[480,1109,254,1930]" captionTargetPageId-0="15" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionTargetPageId-2="17" captionTargetPageId-3="18" captionText-0="Fig. 4. Stygodesmodora confusa sp. nov. A. Anterior body region of female. B. Male head (holotype). C. Male head (paratype). D. Male head (holotype). E–F. Anterior body region of female. G. Female posterior body region. H. Right spicule and gubernaculum. I. Male copulatory apparatus. Arrows show position of pre-cloacal supplements. Scale bar: A–D = 30 µm, E–G = 36 µm, H = 20 µm, I = 40 µm." captionText-1="Fig. 5. Stygodesmodora confusa sp. nov. A. Entire male. B. Female reproductive system. Scale bar: A = 50 µm, B = 36 µm." captionText-2="Fig. 6. Stygodesmodora confusa sp. nov., light micrographs of female. A. Head region showing amphideal aperture. B. Head region showing amphideal fovea. C. Head region showing buccal cavity. D. Vulva. Scale bar: A–C = 15 µm, D = 18 µm." captionText-3="Fig. 7. Stygodesmodora confusa sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs. Female head (three different specimens). Scale bar = 5 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3779440" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3779442" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3779444" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3779446" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3779440/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3779442/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3779444/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3779446/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 4–7</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="693AF6A9FFCA0B1D3A5FFB22FC77FAE9" box="[809,896,1267,1293]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="13.[189,258,267,293]" captionTargetBox="[204,1350,428,1483]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Table 1. Morphometrics (µm) of Spirinia verecunda sp. nov. and Stygodesmodora confusa sp. nov. — a, body length/maximum body diameter; abd, anal body diameter; b, body length/pharynx length; c, body length/tail length; cbd, corresponding body diameter; V, vulva distance from anterior end of body; %V, V/total body length." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/70C7939AFFC90B1E39CBFEDAFE16FE6A" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" tableUuid="70C7939AFFC90B1E39CBFEDAFE16FE6A">Table 1</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CA29099FFCA0B1D39CBFAE5FB92FA27" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCA0B1D39CBFAE5FEC1FAAA" blockId="14.[189,310,1332,1358]" box="[189,310,1332,1358]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="7F4F747EFFCA0B1D39CBFAE5FEC1FAAA" bold="true" box="[189,310,1332,1358]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="3">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCA0B1D39CBFAE5FEC1FAAA" bold="true" box="[189,310,1332,1358]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCA0B1D39CBFAB2FB92FA27" blockId="14.[189,1398,1379,1475]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCA0B1D39CBFAB2FE10FA99" authority="Leduc &amp; Verschelde, 2015" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" box="[189,487,1379,1405]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Stygodesmodora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="confusa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCA0B1D39CBFAB2FE10FA99" box="[189,487,1379,1405]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Stygodesmodora confusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFCA0B1D3884FAB2FDA6FA99" box="[498,593,1379,1405]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is characterised by a relatively short body (
<quantity id="E3406EF7FFCA0B1D3D19FAB2FAEBFA99" box="[1135,1308,1379,1405]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0095" metricValueMax="1.241" metricValueMin="0.7779999999999999" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="1009.5" valueMax="1241.0" valueMin="778.0">778–1241 µm</quantity>
), spiral amphids with 1.0–1.25 turns, cephalic setae situated at or slightly posterior to mid-level of amphid, and males with four precloacal supplements consisting of short setae on wide bases.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CA29099FFCA0B1D39CBFA3AFB8FF8C1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCA0B1D39CBFA3AFE76F9E1" blockId="14.[189,385,1515,1541]" box="[189,385,1515,1541]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="7F4F747EFFCA0B1D39CBFA3AFE76F9E1" bold="true" box="[189,385,1515,1541]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="3">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCA0B1D39CBFA3AFE76F9E1" bold="true" box="[189,385,1515,1541]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Type specimens</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<materialsCitation id="94D0C94FFFCA0B1D399CF9C8FC66F99D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609529553" collectingDate="2010-04-24" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" elevation="686" latitude="-41.8921" location="southern Hikurangi Margin" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="174.6347" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCode="NIWA 88377" specimenCount="687" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCA0B1D399CF9C8FEABF9D7" blockId="14.[189,1398,1561,1657]" box="[234,348,1561,1587]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCA0B1D399CF9C8FEABF9D7" bold="true" box="[234,348,1561,1587]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<typeStatus id="FB037DB0FFCA0B1D399CF9C8FEABF9D7" box="[234,348,1561,1587]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCA0B1D39CBF9EDFC66F99D" blockId="14.[189,1398,1561,1657]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<collectingCountry id="5CAF8382FFCA0B1D39CBF9EDFE61F9B2" box="[189,406,1596,1622]" name="New Zealand" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">NEW ZEALAND</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCount id="32BE089BFFCA0B1D38D4F9EDFE4FF9B2" box="[418,440,1596,1622]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCode id="741E6B69FFCA0B1D38BEF9EDFD90F9B2" box="[456,615,1596,1622]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 88377</specimenCode>
,
<date id="5006E5D2FFCA0B1D3B05F9EDFCE6F9B2" box="[627,785,1596,1622]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2010-04-24">
<collectingDate id="40421C3AFFCA0B1D3B05F9EDFCE6F9B2" box="[627,785,1596,1622]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2010-04-24">24 Apr. 2010</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="42A95BD7FFCA0B1D3A6BF9EDFC9FF9B2" box="[797,872,1596,1622]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="Other institutional type">NIWA</collectionCode>
cruise TAN1004, station 92, canyon axis on
<location id="216795C9FFCA0B1D39CBF98EFDF6F99D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC117204FFCA0B073B24FB7AFB46FE54:216795C9FFCA0B1D39CBF98EFDF6F99D" box="[189,513,1631,1657]" country="New Zealand" latitude="-41.8921" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="174.6347" name="southern Hikurangi Margin" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">southern Hikurangi Margin</location>
,
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,
<geoCoordinate id="418CA5D5FFCA0B1D3BEBF98EFCC4F99D" box="[669,819,1631,1657]" degrees="174.6347" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="5" value="174.6347">174.6347° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<specimenCount id="32BE089BFFCA0B1D3A49F98EFC66F99D" box="[831,913,1631,1657]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="generic">
<quantity id="E3406EF7FFCA0B1D3A49F98EFC7BF99D" box="[831,908,1631,1657]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.859999999999999" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="686.0">686 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
</materialsCitation>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCA0B1D399CF970FE90F95F" blockId="14.[189,1399,1697,1829]" box="[234,359,1697,1723]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCA0B1D399CF970FE90F95F" bold="true" box="[234,359,1697,1723]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<typeStatus id="FB037DB0FFCA0B1D399CF970FE90F95F" box="[234,359,1697,1723]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCA0B1D39CBF915FB8FF8C1" blockId="14.[189,1399,1697,1829]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<collectingCountry id="5CAF8382FFCA0B1D39CBF915FE61F93A" box="[189,406,1732,1758]" name="New Zealand" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">NEW ZEALAND</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCount id="32BE089BFFCA0B1D38D7F915FE39F93A" box="[417,462,1732,1758]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="32BE089BFFCA0B1D38ABF915FDE8F93A" box="[477,543,1732,1758]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="42A95BD7FFCA0B1D3B58F915FD8EF93A" box="[558,633,1732,1758]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="Other institutional type">NIWA</collectionCode>
88378,
<date id="5006E5D2FFCA0B1D3BAFF915FC82F93A" box="[729,885,1732,1758]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2011-02-20">20 Feb. 2011</date>
,
<collectionCode id="42A95BD7FFCA0B1D3AF4F915FC3AF93A" box="[898,973,1732,1758]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="Other institutional type">NIWA</collectionCode>
cruise TAN1103, station 69, central Chatham Rise,
<geoCoordinate id="418CA5D5FFCA0B1D3805F936FE1DF8E5" box="[371,490,1767,1793]" degrees="43.331" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="55" value="-43.331">43.331° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="418CA5D5FFCA0B1D388EF936FD77F8E5" box="[504,640,1767,1793]" degrees="178.288" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="55" value="178.288">178.288° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="E3406EF7FFCA0B1D3BF8F936FD2BF8E5" box="[654,732,1767,1793]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="350.0">350 m</quantity>
;
<specimenCount id="32BE089BFFCA0B1D3B9CF936FCDAF8E5" box="[746,813,1767,1793]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
(same data as other
<typeStatus id="FB037DB0FFCA0B1D3D55F936FB62F8E5" box="[1059,1173,1767,1793]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
) were measured to provide morphometric data and then processed for scanning electron microscopy.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CA29099FFCA0B1D39CBF89DFA9CF83F" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCA0B1D39CBF89DFEB3F882" blockId="14.[189,324,1868,1894]" box="[189,324,1868,1894]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="7F4F747EFFCA0B1D39CBF89DFEB3F882" bold="true" box="[189,324,1868,1894]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="3">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCA0B1D39CBF89DFEB3F882" bold="true" box="[189,324,1868,1894]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCA0B1D39CBF8AAFA9CF83F" blockId="14.[189,1398,1915,2011]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
The species name is derived from the Latin adjective
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCA0B1D3A5CF8AAFC6FF871" box="[810,920,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">confusus,</emphasis>
meaning confused, perplexed or obscure (feminine form used, as -
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCA0B1D389DF84FFDD5F85C" box="[491,546,1950,1976]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">dora</emphasis>
is feminine), and refers to the close affinities of this species with other desmodorid genera (see Remarks), which resulted in initial confusion in the placement of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="70C7939AFFCB0B1C39CBF8E8FAA0F859" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3779440" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3779440" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3779440/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[189,232,1849,1875]" targetBox="[189,1398,268,1788]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCB0B1C39CBF8E8FAA0F859" blockId="15.[189,1399,1849,1981]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCB0B1C39CBF8E8FEFBF8B7" bold="true" box="[189,268,1849,1875]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCB0B1C3862F8E8FDCCF8B7" authority="Leduc &amp; Verschelde, 2015" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" box="[276,571,1849,1875]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Stygodesmodora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="confusa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCB0B1C3862F8E8FDCCF8B7" box="[276,571,1849,1875]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Stygodesmodora confusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFCB0B1C3B35F8E8FD68F8B7" box="[579,671,1849,1875]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCB0B1C3BD1F8E8FD4BF8B7" bold="true" box="[679,700,1849,1875]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A</emphasis>
. Anterior body region of female.
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCB0B1C3D3BF8E8FB96F8B7" bold="true" box="[1101,1121,1849,1875]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B</emphasis>
. Male head (holotype).
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCB0B1C39CBF88DFF25F892" bold="true" box="[189,210,1884,1910]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C</emphasis>
. Male head (paratype).
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCB0B1C3882F88DFDFEF892" bold="true" box="[500,521,1884,1910]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">D</emphasis>
. Male head (holotype).
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCB0B1C3A5AF88DFC97F892" bold="true" box="[812,864,1884,1910]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E–F</emphasis>
. Anterior body region of female.
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCB0B1C3D8EF88DFAF8F892" bold="true" box="[1272,1295,1884,1910]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">G</emphasis>
. Female posterior body region.
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCB0B1C38BEF851FE28F87E" bold="true" box="[456,479,1920,1946]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">H</emphasis>
. Right spicule and gubernaculum.
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCB0B1C3A0FF851FC73F87E" bold="true" box="[889,900,1920,1946]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">I</emphasis>
. Male copulatory apparatus. Arrows show position of pre-cloacal supplements. Scale bar: A–D = 30 µm, E–G = 36 µm, H = 20 µm, I = 40 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="70C7939AFFD40B0339CBF892FE26F864" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3779442" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3779442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3779442/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[189,232,1859,1885]" targetBox="[190,1395,262,1816]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="2407C312FFD40B0339CBF892FE26F864" blockId="16.[189,1399,1859,1920]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFD40B0339CBF892FEFAF8B9" bold="true" box="[189,269,1859,1885]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFD40B03386EF892FDB6F8B9" authority="Leduc &amp; Verschelde, 2015" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" box="[280,577,1859,1885]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Stygodesmodora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="confusa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFD40B03386EF892FDB6F8B9" box="[280,577,1859,1885]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Stygodesmodora confusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFD40B033B3DF892FD5EF8B9" box="[587,681,1859,1885]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFD40B033BC5F892FD3FF8B9" bold="true" box="[691,712,1859,1885]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A</emphasis>
. Entire male.
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFD40B033A01F892FC7CF8B9" bold="true" box="[887,907,1859,1885]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B</emphasis>
. Female reproductive system. Scale bar: A = 50 µm, B = 36 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="6CA29099FFD50B0039CBFED8FC5EFBDA" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
<paragraph id="2407C312FFD50B0239CBFED8FEB9FEC7" blockId="17.[189,334,265,291]" box="[189,334,265,291]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<heading id="7F4F747EFFD50B0239CBFED8FEB9FEC7" bold="true" box="[189,334,265,291]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="3">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFD50B0239CBFED8FEB9FEC7" bold="true" box="[189,334,265,291]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFD50B02399CFEE9FEDDFEB6" blockId="17.[189,1399,312,514]" box="[234,298,312,338]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFD50B02399CFEE9FEDDFEB6" bold="true" box="[234,298,312,338]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<collectingRegion id="E67C0DF0FFD50B02399CFEE9FEDDFEB6" box="[234,298,312,338]" country="Maldives" name="Maale" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Male</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFD50B0239CBFE8AFE58FDE6" blockId="17.[189,1399,312,514]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Relatively short cylindrical body, pale golden colour, tapering slightly towards both ends. Cuticle
<quantity id="E3406EF7FFD50B023C35FE8AFEE7FE7C" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="1.15" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="0.9">0.9– 1.4 µm</quantity>
thick, with coarse annuli, approximately
<quantity id="E3406EF7FFD50B023B99FEAFFCDBFE7C" box="[751,812,382,408]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 µm</quantity>
apart, no lateral differentiation. Ventral ala absent. Somatic setae of different sizes (
<quantity id="E3406EF7FFD50B023B36FE70FD5BFE5F" box="[576,684,417,443]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="4.0">4–19 µm</quantity>
long;
<figureCitation id="BC83DF97FFD50B023B8EFE70FCA1FE5F" box="[760,854,417,443]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1859,1885]" captionTargetBox="[190,1395,262,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[171,1422,258,1821]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 5. Stygodesmodora confusa sp. nov. A. Entire male. B. Female reproductive system. Scale bar: A = 50 µm, B = 36 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3779442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3779442/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
), set out in eight longitudinal rows in anterior one fifth of body length and in six longitudinal rows along rest of body except on tail, where they are irregularly arranged.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFD50B0039CBFDF8FD88FE13" blockId="17.[189,1399,553,614]" lastBlockId="19.[189,1399,266,503]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Annulated head region with annulations completely surrounding amphid (
<figureCitation id="BC83DF97FFD50B023D49FDF8FB7BFDA7" box="[1087,1164,553,579]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1927,1953]" captionTargetBox="[184,1401,664,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[167,1425,658,1890]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 6. Stygodesmodora confusa sp. nov., light micrographs of female. A. Head region showing amphideal aperture. B. Head region showing amphideal fovea. C. Head region showing buccal cavity. D. Vulva. Scale bar: A–C = 15 µm, D = 18 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3779444" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3779444/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs 6</figureCitation>
A–C, 7C); in some specimens, there is a seemingly non-annulated head region, but some partial annulation of the dorsal and ventral sides of the head can be observed (
<figureCitation id="BC83DF97FFD70B003B9BFEDBFCC4FEC0" box="[749,819,266,292]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[517,1067,264,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[480,1109,254,1930]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Stygodesmodora confusa sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs. Female head (three different specimens). Scale bar = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3779446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3779446/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
A–B); both forms are considered annulated head regions, even though the degree of annulation differs between the two morphotypes. Labial region folded inwards in all specimens. Six papilliform outer labial sensillae and four cephalic setae, 44–57% cbd long, situated at or slightly posterior to mid-level of amphid. Spiral amphideal fovea, 1.2–1.4 turns, located on a cuticularised amphideal plate (
<figureCitation id="BC83DF97FFD70B003BC2FE47FCE4FE54" box="[692,787,406,432]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1927,1953]" captionTargetBox="[184,1401,664,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[167,1425,658,1890]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 6. Stygodesmodora confusa sp. nov., light micrographs of female. A. Head region showing amphideal aperture. B. Head region showing amphideal fovea. C. Head region showing buccal cavity. D. Vulva. Scale bar: A–C = 15 µm, D = 18 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3779444" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3779444/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs 6B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BC83DF97FFD70B003A68FE47FCB4FE54" box="[798,835,406,432]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[517,1067,264,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[480,1109,254,1930]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Stygodesmodora confusa sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs. Female head (three different specimens). Scale bar = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3779446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3779446/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">7B</figureCitation>
), larger in
<typeStatus id="FB037DB0FFD70B003AB6FE47FBD0FE54" box="[960,1063,406,432]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
than in
<typeStatus id="FB037DB0FFD70B003DF5FE47FB1FFE54" box="[1155,1256,406,432]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(~0.6
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFD70B003C45FE49FABCFE55" box="[1331,1355,408,433]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">vs</emphasis>
0.4 cbd, respectively;
<figureCitation id="BC83DF97FFD70B0038E0FE6BFE2BFE30" box="[406,476,442,468]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1849,1875]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,268,1788]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1399,244,1809]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 4. Stygodesmodora confusa sp. nov. A. Anterior body region of female. B. Male head (holotype). C. Male head (paratype). D. Male head (holotype). E–F. Anterior body region of female. G. Female posterior body region. H. Right spicule and gubernaculum. I. Male copulatory apparatus. Arrows show position of pre-cloacal supplements. Scale bar: A–D = 30 µm, E–G = 36 µm, H = 20 µm, I = 40 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3779440" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3779440/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
C–D); amphideal aperture with similar shape to amphideal fovea but tapering proximally (compare
<figureCitation id="BC83DF97FFD70B0038CDFE0CFD86FE13" box="[443,625,477,503]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1927,1953]" captionTargetBox="[184,1401,664,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[167,1425,658,1890]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 6. Stygodesmodora confusa sp. nov., light micrographs of female. A. Head region showing amphideal aperture. B. Head region showing amphideal fovea. C. Head region showing buccal cavity. D. Vulva. Scale bar: A–C = 15 µm, D = 18 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3779444" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3779444/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 6A and 6B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="70C7939AFFD50B0239CBF856FD1EF80C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3779444" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3779444" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3779444/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" startId="17.[189,232,1927,1953]" targetBox="[184,1401,664,1885]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="2407C312FFD50B0239CBF856FD1EF80C" blockId="17.[189,1399,1927,2024]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFD50B0239CBF856FEE6F845" bold="true" box="[189,273,1927,1953]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFD50B023856F856FDBBF845" authority="Leduc &amp; Verschelde, 2015" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" box="[288,588,1927,1953]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Stygodesmodora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="confusa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFD50B023856F856FDBBF845" box="[288,588,1927,1953]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Stygodesmodora confusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFD50B023B2DF856FD48F845" box="[603,703,1927,1953]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, light micrographs of female.
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFD50B023D35F856FBAFF845" bold="true" box="[1091,1112,1927,1953]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A</emphasis>
. Head region showing amphideal aperture.
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFD50B0238D9F87AFE34F821" bold="true" box="[431,451,1963,1989]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B</emphasis>
. Head region showing amphideal fovea.
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFD50B023ADDF87AFC37F821" bold="true" box="[939,960,1963,1989]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C</emphasis>
. Head region showing buccal cavity.
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFD50B0239CBF81FFF25F80C" bold="true" box="[189,210,1998,2024]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D</emphasis>
. Vulva. Scale bar: A–C = 15 µm, D = 18 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="70C7939AFFD60B0139CBF87AFDD7F80C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3779446" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3779446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3779446/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" startId="18.[189,232,1963,1989]" targetBox="[517,1067,264,1922]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="2407C312FFD60B0139CBF87AFDD7F80C" blockId="18.[189,1399,1963,2024]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFD60B0139CBF87AFEFBF821" bold="true" box="[189,268,1963,1989]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFD60B013862F87AFDCCF821" authority="Leduc &amp; Verschelde, 2015" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" box="[276,571,1963,1989]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Stygodesmodora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="confusa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFD60B013862F87AFDCCF821" box="[276,571,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Stygodesmodora confusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFD60B013B32F87AFD57F821" box="[580,672,1963,1989]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Scanning electron micrographs. Female head (three different specimens). Scale bar = 5 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFD70B0039CBFDCFFB97FD9B" blockId="19.[189,1398,542,639]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Buccal cavity small, with small dorsal tooth; subventral teeth not observed (
<figureCitation id="BC83DF97FFD70B003D5BFDCFFB7EFDDC" box="[1069,1161,542,568]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1927,1953]" captionTargetBox="[184,1401,664,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[167,1425,658,1890]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 6. Stygodesmodora confusa sp. nov., light micrographs of female. A. Head region showing amphideal aperture. B. Head region showing amphideal fovea. C. Head region showing buccal cavity. D. Vulva. Scale bar: A–C = 15 µm, D = 18 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3779444" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3779444/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
). Pharynx muscular, slightly swollen at anterior extremity, and with pyriform bulb at posterior extremity. Nerve ring at 60– 62% of pharynx length. Secretory-excretory system not observed. Cardia short.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFD70B0039CBFD77FE41FC94" blockId="19.[189,1399,678,880]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Reproductive system monorchic, with single anterior testis situated to the right of intestine,
<quantity id="E3406EF7FFD70B003C5BFD77FF12FD07" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" metricValueMax="6.3" metricValueMin="5.3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="58.0" valueMax="63.0" valueMin="53.0">53–63 µm</quantity>
long, outstretched and opposed. Mature sperm small, globular, 2–3 ×
<quantity id="E3406EF7FFD70B003D2FFD18FB4AFD07" box="[1113,1213,713,739]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 µm</quantity>
. Short, arcuate spicules tapering distally; well-developed capitulum and broad velum (
<figureCitation id="BC83DF97FFD70B003D62FD3DFB81FCE2" box="[1044,1142,748,774]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1849,1875]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,268,1788]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1399,244,1809]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 4. Stygodesmodora confusa sp. nov. A. Anterior body region of female. B. Male head (holotype). C. Male head (paratype). D. Male head (holotype). E–F. Anterior body region of female. G. Female posterior body region. H. Right spicule and gubernaculum. I. Male copulatory apparatus. Arrows show position of pre-cloacal supplements. Scale bar: A–D = 30 µm, E–G = 36 µm, H = 20 µm, I = 40 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3779440" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3779440/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
). Small, plate-shaped gubernaculum without crurae. Four pre-cloacal supplements consisting of short setae on broad bases (
<figureCitation id="BC83DF97FFD70B0039B0FCE2FEECFCA9" box="[198,283,819,845]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1849,1875]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,268,1788]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1399,244,1809]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 4. Stygodesmodora confusa sp. nov. A. Anterior body region of female. B. Male head (holotype). C. Male head (paratype). D. Male head (holotype). E–F. Anterior body region of female. G. Female posterior body region. H. Right spicule and gubernaculum. I. Male copulatory apparatus. Arrows show position of pre-cloacal supplements. Scale bar: A–D = 30 µm, E–G = 36 µm, H = 20 µm, I = 40 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3779440" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3779440/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 4I</figureCitation>
),
<quantity id="E3406EF7FFD70B003845FCE2FE59FCA9" box="[307,430,819,845]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="34.0" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="23.0">23–45 µm</quantity>
apart, beginning
<quantity id="E3406EF7FFD70B003BF2FCE2FD24FCA9" box="[644,723,819,845]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 µm</quantity>
anterior to cloaca. Tail conical, with three small caudal glands and spinneret.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFD70B00399CFC46FEB2FC55" blockId="19.[189,1398,919,1086]" box="[234,325,919,945]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFD70B00399CFC46FEB2FC55" bold="true" box="[234,325,919,945]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Female</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFD70B0039CBFC6AFC5EFBDA" blockId="19.[189,1398,919,1086]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Similar to males. Female reproductive system didelphic, amphidelphic with reflected ovaries situated either to the right or left of intestine, with anterior and posterior ovaries always situated on opposite sides. Vulva located slightly post median. Cuticular pars distalis vaginae and pars proximalis vaginae surrounded by constrictor muscle. Mature eggs 66–73 ×
<quantity id="E3406EF7FFD70B003A23FBF5FC52FBDA" box="[853,933,1060,1086]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 µm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CA29099FFD70B0739CBFBB7FB46FE54" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="2407C312FFD70B0039CBFBB7FED8FB64" blockId="19.[189,303,1126,1152]" box="[189,303,1126,1152]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<heading id="7F4F747EFFD70B0039CBFBB7FED8FB64" bold="true" box="[189,303,1126,1152]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="3">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFD70B0039CBFBB7FED8FB64" bold="true" box="[189,303,1126,1152]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFD70B0039CBFB45FE48FABA" blockId="19.[189,1399,1172,1375]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFD70B0039CBFB45FE17FB4A" authority="Leduc &amp; Verschelde, 2015" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" box="[189,480,1172,1198]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Stygodesmodora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="confusa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFD70B0039CBFB45FE17FB4A" box="[189,480,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Stygodesmodora confusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFD70B003890FB45FDC9FB4A" box="[486,574,1172,1198]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
can most easily be differentiated from the other two species of the genus by the location of the cephalic setae at mid-level of amphids (
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFD70B003AEFFB68FC46FB36" box="[921,945,1209,1234]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">vs</emphasis>
anterior to amphids in
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFD70B003DB0FB68FA80FB35" baseAuthorityName="Gerlach" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[1222,1399,1207,1235]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Stygodesmodora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bacillicauda">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFD70B003DB0FB68FA80FB35" box="[1222,1399,1207,1235]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">S. bacillicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFD70B003987FB0DFE73FB11" authorityName="Blome" authorityYear="1982" box="[241,388,1243,1270]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Stygodesmodora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="epixantha">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFD70B003987FB0DFE73FB11" box="[241,388,1243,1270]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">S. epixantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFD70B0038E8FB0DFDEEFB11" authority="Leduc &amp; Verschelde, 2015" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" box="[414,537,1243,1270]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Stygodesmodora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="confusa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFD70B0038E8FB0DFDEEFB11" box="[414,537,1243,1270]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">S. confusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFD70B003B55FB0AFD88FB11" box="[547,639,1243,1269]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
also differs from
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFD70B003A2FFB0DFBFBFB11" baseAuthorityName="Gerlach" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[857,1036,1243,1270]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Stygodesmodora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bacillicauda">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFD70B003A2FFB0DFBFBFB11" box="[857,1036,1243,1270]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">S. bacillicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the presence of pre-cloacal supplements (absent in
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFD70B0038A4FB2EFD74FAFC" baseAuthorityName="Gerlach" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[466,643,1278,1305]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Stygodesmodora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bacillicauda">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFD70B0038A4FB2EFD74FAFC" box="[466,643,1278,1305]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">S. bacillicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and the absence of lateral crurae on the gubernaculum (present in
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFD70B0039ACFAF3FE7EFADF" baseAuthorityName="Gerlach" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[218,393,1313,1340]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Stygodesmodora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bacillicauda">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFD70B0039ACFAF3FE7EFADF" box="[218,393,1313,1340]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">S. bacillicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and from
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFD70B003B78FAF3FD69FADF" authorityName="Blome" authorityYear="1982" box="[526,670,1313,1340]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Stygodesmodora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="epixantha">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFD70B003B78FAF3FD69FADF" box="[526,670,1313,1340]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">S. epixantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of numerous long somatic setae (short somatic setae in
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFD70B00386BFA94FE59FABA" authorityName="Blome" authorityYear="1982" box="[285,430,1348,1375]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Stygodesmodora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="epixantha">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFD70B00386BFA94FE59FABA" box="[285,430,1348,1375]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">S. epixantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFD70B0739CBFA57FB46FE54" blockId="19.[189,1399,1414,1968]" lastBlockId="20.[189,1399,266,433]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFD70B0039CBFA57FE19FA44" authority="Leduc &amp; Verschelde, 2015" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" box="[189,494,1414,1440]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Stygodesmodora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="confusa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFD70B0039CBFA57FE19FA44" box="[189,494,1414,1440]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Stygodesmodora confusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFD70B003B77FA57FD90FA44" box="[513,615,1414,1440]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
closely resembles species of other desmodorid genera, and distinguishing it from these other species requires careful examination of the head region.
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFD70B003D8AFA7BFA81FA27" authority="Leduc &amp; Verschelde, 2015" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" box="[1276,1398,1449,1476]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Stygodesmodora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="confusa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFD70B003D8AFA7BFA81FA27" box="[1276,1398,1449,1476]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">S. confusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFD70B0039CBFA1DFEEDFA02" box="[189,282,1484,1510]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
resembles
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFD70B0038D5FA1DFBEBFA02" authority="Verschelde &amp; Vincx, 1996" authorityName="Verschelde &amp; Vincx" authorityYear="1996" box="[419,1052,1484,1511]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Echinodesmodora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="moensi">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFD70B0038D5FA1DFD22FA03" box="[419,725,1484,1511]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Echinodesmodora moensi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFD70B003BA9FA1DFBEBFA02" author="Verschelde D. &amp; Vincx M." box="[735,1052,1484,1510]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref11371" refString="Verschelde D. &amp; Vincx M. 1996. Four new species of the family Desmodoridae (Nematoda, Desmodoroidea) from Kenya. Zoologica Scripta 25: 1 - 20. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1996. tb 00148. x" type="journal article" year="1996">
Verschelde &amp; Vincx,
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</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in the absence of a cephalic capsule, numerous long somatic setae, and cephalic setae at or slightly posterior to mid-level of amphids, but can be differentiated from the latter by the absence of pharyngeal lumen cuticularisation (present in
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFD70B0039AAF9E6FEA7F9B4" authorityName="Verschelde &amp; Vincx" authorityYear="1996" box="[220,336,1591,1616]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Echinodesmodora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="moensi">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFD70B0039AAF9E6FEA7F9B4" box="[220,336,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">E. moensi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), amphid shape (&lt;1.25 turns
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFD70B003BC4F9E6FD3DF9B4" box="[690,714,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">vs</emphasis>
1.5–2.0 turns in
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFD70B003AE5F9E6FBF0F9B4" authorityName="Verschelde &amp; Vincx" authorityYear="1996" box="[915,1031,1591,1616]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Echinodesmodora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="moensi">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFD70B003AE5F9E6FBF0F9B4" box="[915,1031,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">E. moensi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), presence of setose precloacal supplements (absent in
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFD70B0038ABF98BFDA2F997" authorityName="Verschelde &amp; Vincx" authorityYear="1996" box="[477,597,1626,1651]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Echinodesmodora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="moensi">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFD70B0038ABF98BFDA2F997" box="[477,597,1626,1651]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">E. moensi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and the absence of knotty protrusions on the tail (present in
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFD70B003C2BF98BFEE7F973" authorityName="Verschelde &amp; Vincx" authorityYear="1996" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Echinodesmodora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="moensi">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFD70B003C2BF98BFEE7F973" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">E. moensi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The most important distinction, however, is the presence of an amphideal plate in
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFD70B003D8BF9ACFA81F972" authority="Leduc &amp; Verschelde, 2015" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" box="[1277,1398,1660,1687]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Stygodesmodora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="confusa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFD70B003D8BF9ACFA81F972" box="[1277,1398,1660,1687]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">S. confusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFD70B0039CBF94EFEECF95D" box="[189,283,1695,1721]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
This species is also superficially similar to species of
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFD70B003AC0F94EFBCBF95D" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[950,1084,1695,1721]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Bolbonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFD70B003AC0F94EFBCBF95D" box="[950,1084,1695,1721]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Bolbonema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, i.e.,
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFD70B003DF5F970FEF3F938" authority="(Cobb, 1920)" baseAuthorityName="Cobb" baseAuthorityYear="1920" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Bolbonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brevicolle">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFD70B003DF5F970FAECF95D" box="[1155,1307,1695,1722]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">B. brevicolle</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFD70B003C58F94EFF0BF938" author="Cobb N. A." pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="217 - 343" refId="ref10423" refString="Cobb N. A. 1920. One hundred new nemas (type species of 100 new genera). Contributions to a Science of Nematology 9: 217 - 343." type="journal article" year="1920">Cobb, 1920</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFD70B003864F915FD73F938" authority="(Jensen, 1985)" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Jensen" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[274,644,1730,1757]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Bolbonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longisetosum" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFD70B003864F915FE38F938" box="[274,463,1730,1757]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">B. longisetosum</emphasis>
(Jensen, 1985)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFD70B003BF8F913FCE3F938" box="[654,788,1730,1756]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, and
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFD70B003A23F915FBB2F938" authority="Hourston" authorityName="Hourston" box="[853,1093,1730,1757]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Bolbonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="spiralis">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFD70B003A23F915FC38F938" box="[853,975,1730,1757]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">B. spiralis</emphasis>
Hourston
</taxonomicName>
&amp;
<collectingRegion id="E67C0DF0FFD70B003D18F913FB2DF938" box="[1134,1242,1730,1756]" country="Bermuda" name="Warwick" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Warwick</collectingRegion>
, 2010, in the presence of both short and long somatic setae, cephalic setae just posterior to mid-level of amphid, and in the structure of the copulatory apparatus. The amphideal plates in
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFD70B003A9EF8DBFB96F8C7" authority="Leduc &amp; Verschelde, 2015" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" box="[1000,1121,1801,1828]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Stygodesmodora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="confusa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFD70B003A9EF8DBFB96F8C7" box="[1000,1121,1801,1828]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">S. confusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFD70B003D1FF8D8FB32F8C7" box="[1129,1221,1801,1827]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
give a swollen appearance to the head region laterally (see
<figureCitation id="BC83DF97FFD70B003BB5F8FDFCD7F8A2" box="[707,800,1836,1862]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[517,1067,264,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[480,1109,254,1930]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Stygodesmodora confusa sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs. Female head (three different specimens). Scale bar = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3779446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3779446/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
), and in some specimens there is a gap in the body annulations in the head region (compare
<figureCitation id="BC83DF97FFD70B003BE9F89EFCA0F88D" box="[671,855,1871,1897]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[517,1067,264,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[480,1109,254,1930]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Stygodesmodora confusa sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs. Female head (three different specimens). Scale bar = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3779446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3779446/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 7A and 7C</figureCitation>
), which may be wrongly interpreted as a nonannulated head region or even a head capsule.
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFD70B003B82F8A5FC98F868" authority="Leduc &amp; Verschelde, 2015" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" box="[756,879,1906,1934]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Stygodesmodora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="confusa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFD70B003B82F8A5FC98F868" box="[756,879,1906,1934]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">S. confusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFD70B003A0FF8A3FC2EF868" box="[889,985,1906,1932]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, however, is clearly defined by an annulated region, and not a head capsule, because (1) the swollen part of the head is mostly restricted to the area surrounding the amphids (i.e., the amphideal plates), (2) the cuticle is the same thickness in head and body regions (see
<figureCitation id="BC83DF97FFD00B073B5DFEFCFD7FFEA3" box="[555,648,301,327]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1927,1953]" captionTargetBox="[184,1401,664,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[167,1425,658,1890]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 6. Stygodesmodora confusa sp. nov., light micrographs of female. A. Head region showing amphideal aperture. B. Head region showing amphideal fovea. C. Head region showing buccal cavity. D. Vulva. Scale bar: A–C = 15 µm, D = 18 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3779444" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3779444/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
), and (3) annulations are present dorsally and ventrally at least to mid-level of amphids, with one continuous annulation anterior to the amphid (see
<figureCitation id="BC83DF97FFD00B073DC4FE81FAE5FE8E" box="[1202,1298,336,362]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1927,1953]" captionTargetBox="[184,1401,664,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[167,1425,658,1890]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 6. Stygodesmodora confusa sp. nov., light micrographs of female. A. Head region showing amphideal aperture. B. Head region showing amphideal fovea. C. Head region showing buccal cavity. D. Vulva. Scale bar: A–C = 15 µm, D = 18 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3779444" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3779444/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs 6B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BC83DF97FFD00B073C69FE81FADAFE8E" box="[1311,1325,336,362]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[517,1067,264,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[480,1109,254,1930]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Stygodesmodora confusa sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs. Female head (three different specimens). Scale bar = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3779446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3779446/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">7</figureCitation>
A–C). The genus
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFD00B07384AFEA2FE35FE69" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[316,450,371,397]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Bolbonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFD00B07384AFEA2FE35FE69" box="[316,450,371,397]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Bolbonema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, is characterized by a globular head capsule (i.e., conspicuously thicker cuticle and absence of annulations;
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFD00B073B28FE47FC78FE54" author="Verschelde D. &amp; Vincx M." box="[606,911,406,432]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref11371" refString="Verschelde D. &amp; Vincx M. 1996. Four new species of the family Desmodoridae (Nematoda, Desmodoroidea) from Kenya. Zoologica Scripta 25: 1 - 20. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1996. tb 00148. x" type="journal article" year="1996">Verschelde &amp; Vincx 1996</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFD00B073AEDFE47FB53FE54" author="Verschelde D. &amp; Gourbault N. &amp; Vincx M." box="[923,1188,406,433]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="75 - 112" refId="ref11424" refString="Verschelde D., Gourbault N. &amp; Vincx M. 1998. Revision of Desmodora with descriptions of new desmodorids (Nematoda) from hydrothermal vents of the Pacific. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 78: 75 - 112. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315400039977" type="journal article" year="1998">
Verschelde
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFD00B073D55FE49FBA9FE54" box="[1059,1118,406,433]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
1998
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

125
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<paragraph id="2407C312FFCA0B1D3B48FE09FC01FE16" blockId="14.[574,1014,471,498]" box="[574,1014,471,498]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="7F4F747EFFCA0B1D3B48FE09FC01FE16" box="[574,1014,471,498]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="2">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCA0B1D3BE6FE06FC01FE16" authority="Blome, 1982" authorityName="Blome" authorityYear="1982" box="[656,1014,471,498]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Stygodesmodora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCA0B1D3BE6FE06FCA0FE16" bold="true" box="[656,855,471,498]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Stygodesmodora</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCA0B1D3A28FE09FC01FE16" author="Blome D." box="[862,1014,472,498]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 194" refId="ref10200" refString="Blome D. 1982. Systematik der Nematoda eines Sandstrandes der Nordseeinsel Sylt. Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens 86: 1 - 194." type="journal article" year="1982">Blome, 1982</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CA29099FFCA0B1D39CBFDC8FD55FD86" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="type_taxon">
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<heading id="7F4F747EFFCA0B1D39CBFDC8FEAFFDD7" bold="true" box="[189,344,537,563]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="3">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCA0B1D39CBFDC8FEAFFDD7" bold="true" box="[189,344,537,563]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<typeStatus id="FB037DB0FFCA0B1D39CBFDC8FF0DFDD7" box="[189,250,537,563]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Type</typeStatus>
species
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCA0B1D39CBFD99FD55FD86" blockId="14.[189,674,584,610]" box="[189,674,584,610]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCA0B1D39CBFD99FD69FD86" authority="Blome, 1982" authorityName="Blome" authorityYear="1982" box="[189,670,584,610]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Stygodesmodora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="epixantha">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCA0B1D39CBFD99FE0BFD86" box="[189,508,584,610]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Stygodesmodora epixantha</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCA0B1D3B75FD99FD69FD86" author="Blome D." box="[515,670,584,610]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 194" refId="ref10200" refString="Blome D. 1982. Systematik der Nematoda eines Sandstrandes der Nordseeinsel Sylt. Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens 86: 1 - 194." type="journal article" year="1982">Blome, 1982</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CA29099FFCA0B1D39CBFD58FC2DFC66" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCA0B1D39CBFD58FCFDFD47" blockId="14.[189,778,649,675]" box="[189,778,649,675]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCA0B1D39CBFD58FE58FD47" bold="true" box="[189,431,649,675]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Emended diagnosis</emphasis>
(modified from
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCA0B1D3B06FD58FCF5FD47" author="Blome D." box="[624,770,649,675]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 194" refId="ref10200" refString="Blome D. 1982. Systematik der Nematoda eines Sandstrandes der Nordseeinsel Sylt. Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens 86: 1 - 194." type="journal article" year="1982">Blome 1982</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCA0B1D39CBFD69FC2DFC66" blockId="14.[189,1399,696,898]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Cuticle with coarse annulations; numerous long somatic setae may be present; annulated head region (sometimes intraspecific variation, with the head of some specimens only partially annulated in dorsal and ventral regions). Amphid unispiral or spiral located on amphideal plate; small to medium sized buccal cavity with dorsal tooth and (usually) smaller subventral teeth. Pharynx with rounded or pyriform posterior bulb, without cuticularised lumen. Pre-cloacal supplements present or absent; spicules short, arcuate, and with well-developed capitulum; gubernaculum present.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CA29099FFCA0B1D39CBFC78FDC7FB61" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCA0B1D39CBFC78FEABFC27" blockId="14.[189,348,937,963]" box="[189,348,937,963]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="7F4F747EFFCA0B1D39CBFC78FEABFC27" bold="true" box="[189,348,937,963]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="3">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCA0B1D39CBFC78FEABFC27" bold="true" box="[189,348,937,963]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Valid species</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCA0B1D39CBFC08FDD9FC16" blockId="14.[189,558,984,1046]" box="[189,558,984,1011]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCA0B1D39CBFC08FDD9FC16" authority="(Gerlach, 1963)" baseAuthorityName="Gerlach" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[189,558,984,1011]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Stygodesmodora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bacillicauda">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCA0B1D39CBFC08FE9AFC16" box="[189,365,984,1011]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. bacillicauda</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCA0B1D380AFC09FDD1FC16" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[380,550,984,1010]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="67 - 103" refId="ref10747" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1963. Frielebende Meeresnematoden von den Malediven II. Kieler Meeresforschungen 19: 67 - 103." type="journal article" year="1963">Gerlach, 1963</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCA0B1D39CBFC2DFE1AFBF1" blockId="14.[189,558,984,1046]" box="[189,493,1019,1046]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCA0B1D39CBFC2DFE1AFBF1" authority="Blome, 1982" authorityName="Blome" authorityYear="1982" box="[189,493,1019,1046]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Stygodesmodora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="epixantha">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCA0B1D39CBFC2DFEB9FBF1" box="[189,334,1019,1046]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. epixantha</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCA0B1D3823FC2AFE1AFBF1" author="Blome D." box="[341,493,1019,1045]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 194" refId="ref10200" refString="Blome D. 1982. Systematik der Nematoda eines Sandstrandes der Nordseeinsel Sylt. Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens 86: 1 - 194." type="journal article" year="1982">Blome, 1982</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCA0B1D39CBFBEDFE53FBB2" blockId="14.[189,420,1083,1110]" box="[189,420,1083,1110]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="7F4F747EFFCA0B1D39CBFBEDFE53FBB2" bold="true" box="[189,420,1083,1110]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="3">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCA0B1D39CBFBEDFE53FBB2" bold="true" box="[189,420,1083,1110]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
S
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCA0B1D39BBFBEDFE53FBB2" bold="true" box="[205,420,1083,1110]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">pecies inquirenda</emphasis>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCA0B1D39CBFBBDFDC7FB61" blockId="14.[189,560,1131,1158]" box="[189,560,1131,1158]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCA0B1D39CBFBBDFDC7FB61" authority="(Cobb, 1920)" baseAuthorityName="Cobb" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[189,560,1131,1158]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Stygodesmodora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="rotundicephala">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCA0B1D39CBFBBDFE7BFB61" box="[189,396,1131,1158]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. rotundicephala</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCA0B1D38EAFBBAFDDFFB61" author="Cobb N. A." box="[412,552,1131,1157]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="217 - 343" refId="ref10423" refString="Cobb N. A. 1920. One hundred new nemas (type species of 100 new genera). Contributions to a Science of Nematology 9: 217 - 343." type="journal article" year="1920">Cobb, 1920</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
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</treatment>
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<mods:title id="6E14B996A191213A990796EA1A099FF4">New Spirinia and Stygodesmodora species (Nematoda, Spiriniinae) from the Southwest Pacific, and a revision of the related genera Spirinia, Chromaspirina and Perspiria</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCD0B1A3B00FED8FCABFEC7" authority="Leduc &amp; Verschelde, 2015" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" box="[630,860,264,291]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="verecunda" status="sp. nov.">
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<figureCitation id="BC83DF97FFCD0B1A3BC2FE81FCEBFE8E" box="[692,796,336,362]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="10.[189,232,1812,1838]" captionStartId-1="11.[189,232,1962,1988]" captionStartId-2="12.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox-0="[202,1386,267,1767]" captionTargetBox-1="[190,1403,492,1909]" captionTargetBox-2="[243,1343,268,1853]" captionTargetId-0="figure@10.[189,1399,246,1811]" captionTargetId-1="figure@11.[153,1430,484,1926]" captionTargetId-2="figure@12.[235,1353,254,1863]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionTargetPageId-2="12" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Spirinia verecunda sp. nov. A. Surface view of male head. B–C. Male head, showing buccal cavity. D. Female head, showing bacteria attached to cuticle. E. Anterior body region of male. F. Anterior body region of female. G. Posterior body region of male. H. Gubernaculum, with details of crurae (left) and cuneus (right). I. Posterior body region of female. J. Posterior body region of female, showing attached protist. Scale bar: A–D, I = 20 µm, E–F = 30 µm, G = 16 µm, H = 12 µm, J = 35 µm." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Spirinia verecunda sp. nov. A. Entire male. B. Female reproductive system. Scale bar: A = 50 µm, B = 30 µm." captionText-2="Fig. 3. Spirinia verecunda sp. nov., light micrographs. A. Male head, showing amphideal aperture and and cuticular hair-like structures. B. Male head, showing amphideal fovea. C. Male anterior body region showing buccal cavity and elongated glands. D. Mature sperm cells. E. Posterior body region of male, showing copulatory apparatus and attached protist. Scale bar: A–B, D–E = 10 µm, C = 8 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3779434" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3779436" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3779438" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3779434/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3779436/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3779438/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="693AF6A9FFCD0B1A3A5FFE81FC77FE8E" box="[809,896,336,362]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="13.[189,258,267,293]" captionTargetBox="[204,1350,428,1483]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Table 1. Morphometrics (µm) of Spirinia verecunda sp. nov. and Stygodesmodora confusa sp. nov. — a, body length/maximum body diameter; abd, anal body diameter; b, body length/pharynx length; c, body length/tail length; cbd, corresponding body diameter; V, vulva distance from anterior end of body; %V, V/total body length." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/70C7939AFFC90B1E39CBFEDAFE16FE6A" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" tableUuid="70C7939AFFC90B1E39CBFEDAFE16FE6A">Table 1</tableCitation>
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<subSubSection id="6CA29099FFCD0B1A39CBFE40FACCFDA0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCD0B1A39CBFE40FEC1FE4F" blockId="9.[189,310,401,427]" box="[189,310,401,427]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="7F4F747EFFCD0B1A39CBFE40FEC1FE4F" bold="true" box="[189,310,401,427]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="3">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCD0B1A39CBFE40FEC1FE4F" bold="true" box="[189,310,401,427]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCD0B1A39CBFE10FACCFDA0" blockId="9.[189,1399,448,580]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCD0B1A39CBFE10FE6AFE3E" authority="Leduc &amp; Verschelde, 2015" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" box="[189,413,448,475]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="verecunda" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCD0B1A39CBFE10FE6AFE3E" box="[189,413,448,475]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Spirinia verecunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFCD0B1A38D0FE11FDF4FE3E" box="[422,515,448,474]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is characterised by a short, stout body, cuticle covered in minute hair-like structures, unispiral amphideal aperture and cryptospiral amphideal fovea, buccal cavity with a small dorsal tooth and minute subventral teeth, eight elongated glands surrounding the anterior portion of the pharynx, large sperm cells, spicules with weak capitulum, and absence of precloacal supplements.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CA29099FFCD0B1A39CBFDBAFC51FCBB" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCD0B1A39CBFDBAFE9BFD61" blockId="9.[189,364,619,645]" box="[189,364,619,645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="7F4F747EFFCD0B1A39CBFDBAFE9BFD61" bold="true" box="[189,364,619,645]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="3">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCD0B1A39CBFDBAFE9BFD61" bold="true" box="[189,364,619,645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Type material</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<materialsCitation id="94D0C94FFFCD0B1A399CFD4BFD90FD1E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609529554" collectingDate="2011-02-20" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" elevation="350" latitude="-43.331" location="central Chatham Rise" longLatPrecision="68" longitude="178.288" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" specimenCode="NIWA 88379" specimenCount="351" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCD0B1A399CFD4BFEABFD50" blockId="9.[189,1399,666,762]" box="[234,348,666,692]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCD0B1A399CFD4BFEABFD50" bold="true" box="[234,348,666,692]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<typeStatus id="FB037DB0FFCD0B1A399CFD4BFEABFD50" box="[234,348,666,692]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCD0B1A39CBFD6CFD90FD1E" blockId="9.[189,1399,666,762]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<collectingCountry id="5CAF8382FFCD0B1A39CBFD6CFE62FD33" box="[189,405,701,727]" name="New Zealand" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">NEW ZEALAND</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCount id="32BE089BFFCD0B1A38D6FD6CFE41FD33" box="[416,438,701,727]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCode id="741E6B69FFCD0B1A38B2FD6CFD95FD33" box="[452,610,701,727]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 88379</specimenCode>
,
<date id="5006E5D2FFCD0B1A3B18FD6CFCFEFD33" box="[622,777,701,727]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-02-20">
<collectingDate id="40421C3AFFCD0B1A3B18FD6CFCFEFD33" box="[622,777,701,727]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-02-20">20 Feb. 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="42A95BD7FFCD0B1A3A62FD6CFCA8FD33" box="[788,863,701,727]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="Other institutional type">NIWA</collectionCode>
cruise TAN1103, station 69,
<location id="216795C9FFCD0B1A3DC0FD6CFF03FD1E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC117204FFCD0B1D3B00FED8FAF6FE54:216795C9FFCD0B1A3DC0FD6CFF03FD1E" country="New Zealand" latitude="-43.331" longLatPrecision="68" longitude="178.288" name="central Chatham Rise" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">central Chatham Rise</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="418CA5D5FFCD0B1A3876FD31FE81FD1E" box="[256,374,736,762]" degrees="43.331" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="55" value="-43.331">43.331° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="418CA5D5FFCD0B1A38F5FD31FDFEFD1E" box="[387,521,736,762]" degrees="178.288" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="55" value="178.288">178.288° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<specimenCount id="32BE089BFFCD0B1A3B63FD31FD90FD1E" box="[533,615,736,762]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="generic">
<quantity id="E3406EF7FFCD0B1A3B63FD31FD94FD1E" box="[533,611,736,762]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="350.0">350 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
</materialsCitation>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCD0B1A399CFCF0FE90FCDF" blockId="9.[189,934,801,863]" box="[234,359,801,827]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCD0B1A399CFCF0FE90FCDF" bold="true" box="[234,359,801,827]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<typeStatus id="FB037DB0FFCD0B1A399CFCF0FE90FCDF" box="[234,359,801,827]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCD0B1A39CBFC94FC51FCBB" blockId="9.[189,934,801,863]" box="[189,934,837,863]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<collectingCountry id="5CAF8382FFCD0B1A39CBFC94FE61FCBB" box="[189,406,837,863]" name="New Zealand" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">NEW ZEALAND</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCount id="32BE089BFFCD0B1A38D7FC94FE14FCBB" box="[417,483,837,863]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="42A95BD7FFCD0B1A3887FC94FDCBFCBB" box="[497,572,837,863]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="Other institutional type">NIWA</collectionCode>
88380, same data as
<typeStatus id="FB037DB0FFCD0B1A3A41FC94FC55FCBB" box="[823,930,837,863]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CA29099FFCD0B1A39CBFC57FCCAFC16" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCD0B1A39CBFC57FEB3FC44" blockId="9.[189,324,902,928]" box="[189,324,902,928]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="7F4F747EFFCD0B1A39CBFC57FEB3FC44" bold="true" box="[189,324,902,928]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="3">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCD0B1A39CBFC57FEB3FC44" bold="true" box="[189,324,902,928]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCD0B1A39CBFC64FCCAFC16" blockId="9.[189,1399,949,1010]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
The species name is derived from the Latin word
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCD0B1A3A6AFC64FC57FC2B" box="[796,928,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">verecundus</emphasis>
(bashful, shy, coy), in reference to the anterior part of the head region deeply folded inwards.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CA29099FFCD0B1839CBFBC8FD58FE54" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCD0B1A39CBFBC8FEB9FBD7" blockId="9.[189,334,1049,1075]" box="[189,334,1049,1075]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="7F4F747EFFCD0B1A39CBFBC8FEB9FBD7" bold="true" box="[189,334,1049,1075]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="3">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCD0B1A39CBFBC8FEB9FBD7" bold="true" box="[189,334,1049,1075]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCD0B1A399CFB99FEDDFB86" blockId="9.[189,1399,1096,1368]" box="[234,298,1096,1122]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCD0B1A399CFB99FEDDFB86" bold="true" box="[234,298,1096,1122]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<collectingRegion id="E67C0DF0FFCD0B1A399CFB99FEDDFB86" box="[234,298,1096,1122]" country="Maldives" name="Maale" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Male</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCD0B1A39CBFBBAFD0DFABC" blockId="9.[189,1399,1096,1368]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Body stout, cylindrical, pale orange colour, tapering slightly towards both ends. Annulated cuticle, no lateral differentiation; annulations
<quantity id="E3406EF7FFCD0B1A3B21FB5FFD17FB4C" box="[599,736,1166,1192]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="0.7" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.6">0.6–0.8 µm</quantity>
apart; cuticle slightly thicker in pharyngeal region than elsewhere (2.2–2.5
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCD0B1A38D7FB62FE4EFB28" box="[417,441,1203,1228]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">vs</emphasis>
1.6–2.0 µm). Cuticle covered with dense layer of minute hair-like structures from posterior to amphid to near tail tip (barely visible under light microscope;
<figureCitation id="BC83DF97FFCD0B1A3D52FB04FB90FB0B" box="[1060,1127,1237,1263]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[243,1343,268,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[235,1353,254,1863]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 3. Spirinia verecunda sp. nov., light micrographs. A. Male head, showing amphideal aperture and and cuticular hair-like structures. B. Male head, showing amphideal fovea. C. Male anterior body region showing buccal cavity and elongated glands. D. Mature sperm cells. E. Posterior body region of male, showing copulatory apparatus and attached protist. Scale bar: A–B, D–E = 10 µm, C = 8 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3779438" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3779438/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A–B); larger, 1 ×
<quantity id="E3406EF7FFCD0B1A3C4FFB04FA80FB0B" box="[1337,1399,1236,1263]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 µm</quantity>
bacteria-like structures with narrow base also attached in pharyngeal region (
<figureCitation id="BC83DF97FFCD0B1A3D3FFB29FB51FAF6" box="[1097,1190,1272,1298]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1812,1838]" captionTargetBox="[202,1386,267,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[189,1399,246,1811]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 1. Spirinia verecunda sp. nov. A. Surface view of male head. B–C. Male head, showing buccal cavity. D. Female head, showing bacteria attached to cuticle. E. Anterior body region of male. F. Anterior body region of female. G. Posterior body region of male. H. Gubernaculum, with details of crurae (left) and cuneus (right). I. Posterior body region of female. J. Posterior body region of female, showing attached protist. Scale bar: A–D, I = 20 µm, E–F = 30 µm, G = 16 µm, H = 12 µm, J = 35 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3779434" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3779434/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
). A single protist,
<quantity id="E3406EF7FFCD0B1A39CBFACAFEFEFAD1" box="[189,265,1307,1333]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="74.0">74 µm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="E3406EF7FFCD0B1A380AFACAFE3FFAD1" box="[380,456,1307,1333]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 µm</quantity>
wide attached subdorsally near cloaca (
<figureCitation id="BC83DF97FFCD0B1A3AEFFACAFC03FAD1" box="[921,1012,1307,1333]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[243,1343,268,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[235,1353,254,1863]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 3. Spirinia verecunda sp. nov., light micrographs. A. Male head, showing amphideal aperture and and cuticular hair-like structures. B. Male head, showing amphideal fovea. C. Male anterior body region showing buccal cavity and elongated glands. D. Mature sperm cells. E. Posterior body region of male, showing copulatory apparatus and attached protist. Scale bar: A–B, D–E = 10 µm, C = 8 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3779438" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3779438/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
). Short somatic setae arranged in eight longitudinal rows along entire body length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCD0B1A39CBFA51FBC5F9E7" blockId="9.[189,1399,1408,1539]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Blunt, slightly rounded annulated head region with annulations completely surrounding amphid (
<figureCitation id="BC83DF97FFCD0B1A3C31FA51FF30FA59" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1812,1838]" captionTargetBox="[202,1386,267,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[189,1399,246,1811]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 1. Spirinia verecunda sp. nov. A. Surface view of male head. B–C. Male head, showing buccal cavity. D. Female head, showing bacteria attached to cuticle. E. Anterior body region of male. F. Anterior body region of female. G. Posterior body region of male. H. Gubernaculum, with details of crurae (left) and cuneus (right). I. Posterior body region of female. J. Posterior body region of female, showing attached protist. Scale bar: A–D, I = 20 µm, E–F = 30 µm, G = 16 µm, H = 12 µm, J = 35 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3779434" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3779434/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A–B). Four cephalic setae near anterior edge of amphid; inner and outer labial sensillae not observed because labial region is folded inwards from level of cephalic setae. Cryptospiral amphideal fovea with slightly cuticularised outline and unispiral amphideal aperture (
<figureCitation id="BC83DF97FFCD0B1A3AD2FA38FC1FF9E7" box="[932,1000,1513,1539]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[243,1343,268,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[235,1353,254,1863]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 3. Spirinia verecunda sp. nov., light micrographs. A. Male head, showing amphideal aperture and and cuticular hair-like structures. B. Male head, showing amphideal fovea. C. Male anterior body region showing buccal cavity and elongated glands. D. Mature sperm cells. E. Posterior body region of male, showing copulatory apparatus and attached protist. Scale bar: A–B, D–E = 10 µm, C = 8 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3779438" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3779438/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A–B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCD0B1A39CBF9FAFAAFF94A" blockId="9.[189,1399,1579,1710]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Buccal cavity with slightly cuticularised dorsal tooth and minute subventral teeth. Eight elongated glands,
<quantity id="E3406EF7FFCD0B1A39CBF99FFEC1F98C" box="[189,310,1614,1640]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="14.5" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="12.0">12–17 µm</quantity>
in length, distributed around anterior portion of pharynx just posterior to buccal cavity (
<figureCitation id="BC83DF97FFCD0B1A3C34F99FFF30F96F" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1812,1838]" captionTargetBox="[202,1386,267,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[189,1399,246,1811]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 1. Spirinia verecunda sp. nov. A. Surface view of male head. B–C. Male head, showing buccal cavity. D. Female head, showing bacteria attached to cuticle. E. Anterior body region of male. F. Anterior body region of female. G. Posterior body region of male. H. Gubernaculum, with details of crurae (left) and cuneus (right). I. Posterior body region of female. J. Posterior body region of female, showing attached protist. Scale bar: A–D, I = 20 µm, E–F = 30 µm, G = 16 µm, H = 12 µm, J = 35 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3779434" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3779434/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 1</figureCitation>
C–D, 3C). Pharynx muscular, oval-shaped posterior pharyngeal bulb, lumen not cuticularised. Nerve ring at 40–50% of pharynx length. Secretory-excretory system not observed. Cardia
<quantity id="E3406EF7FFCD0B1A3DEAF945FAE2F94A" box="[1180,1301,1684,1710]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">10–12 µm</quantity>
long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCD0B1A39CBF907FB6CF844" blockId="9.[189,1399,1750,1952]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Reproductive system monorchic, with relatively large, outstretched testis situated to the left of intestine. Mature sperm large, globular to elongated in shape, up to
<quantity id="E3406EF7FFCD0B1A3A11F928FC44F8F7" box="[871,947,1785,1811]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 µm</quantity>
in length. Short, arcuate spicules with weak capitulum and tapering distally; velum present (
<figureCitation id="BC83DF97FFCD0B1A3A3EF8CDFC5FF8D2" box="[840,936,1820,1846]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1812,1838]" captionTargetBox="[202,1386,267,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[189,1399,246,1811]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 1. Spirinia verecunda sp. nov. A. Surface view of male head. B–C. Male head, showing buccal cavity. D. Female head, showing bacteria attached to cuticle. E. Anterior body region of male. F. Anterior body region of female. G. Posterior body region of male. H. Gubernaculum, with details of crurae (left) and cuneus (right). I. Posterior body region of female. J. Posterior body region of female, showing attached protist. Scale bar: A–D, I = 20 µm, E–F = 30 µm, G = 16 µm, H = 12 µm, J = 35 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3779434" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3779434/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 1G</figureCitation>
). Gubernaculum with cuneus broadest in middle portion and tapering proximally and distally; poorly developed lateral crurae (
<figureCitation id="BC83DF97FFCD0B1A3C70F8EEFA9FF8BD" box="[1286,1384,1855,1881]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1812,1838]" captionTargetBox="[202,1386,267,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[189,1399,246,1811]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 1. Spirinia verecunda sp. nov. A. Surface view of male head. B–C. Male head, showing buccal cavity. D. Female head, showing bacteria attached to cuticle. E. Anterior body region of male. F. Anterior body region of female. G. Posterior body region of male. H. Gubernaculum, with details of crurae (left) and cuneus (right). I. Posterior body region of female. J. Posterior body region of female, showing attached protist. Scale bar: A–D, I = 20 µm, E–F = 30 µm, G = 16 µm, H = 12 µm, J = 35 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3779434" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3779434/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 1H</figureCitation>
). Precloacal supplements not observed. Tail conical, with two pairs of short subventral setae and one pair of subdorsal setae; three caudal glands restricted to tail region and spinneret present.
</paragraph>
<caption id="70C7939AFFCE0B1939CBF8C5FA80F85F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3779434" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3779434" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3779434/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[189,232,1812,1838]" targetBox="[202,1386,267,1767]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCE0B1939CBF8C5FA80F85F" blockId="10.[189,1399,1812,1979]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCE0B1939CBF8C5FEFAF8CA" bold="true" box="[189,269,1812,1838]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCE0B193861F8C4FE0EF8CA" authority="Leduc &amp; Verschelde, 2015" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" box="[279,505,1812,1839]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="verecunda" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCE0B193861F8C4FE0EF8CA" box="[279,505,1812,1839]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Spirinia verecunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFCE0B193B75F8C5FD97F8CA" box="[515,608,1812,1838]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCE0B193B1FF8C5FD89F8CA" bold="true" box="[617,638,1812,1838]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A</emphasis>
. Surface view of male head.
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCE0B193A93F8C5FBEBF8CA" bold="true" box="[997,1052,1812,1838]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B–C</emphasis>
. Male head, showing buccal cavity.
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCE0B19386FF8E6FED9F8B5" bold="true" box="[281,302,1847,1873]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">D</emphasis>
. Female head, showing bacteria attached to cuticle.
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCE0B193AA7F8E6FC12F8B5" bold="true" box="[977,997,1847,1873]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E</emphasis>
. Anterior body region of male.
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCE0B1939CBF88BFF38F890" bold="true" box="[189,207,1882,1908]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">F</emphasis>
. Anterior body region of female.
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCE0B193B2FF88BFD87F890" bold="true" box="[601,624,1882,1908]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">G</emphasis>
. Posterior body region of male.
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCE0B193A9AF88BFBF4F890" bold="true" box="[1004,1027,1882,1908]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">H</emphasis>
. Gubernaculum, with details of crurae (left) and cuneus (right).
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCE0B193B41F8AFFDB5F87C" bold="true" box="[567,578,1918,1944]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">I</emphasis>
. Posterior body region of female.
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCE0B193AAFF8AFFC1FF87C" bold="true" box="[985,1000,1918,1944]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">J</emphasis>
. Posterior body region of female, showing attached protist. Scale bar: A–D, I = 20 µm, E–F = 30 µm, G = 16 µm, H = 12 µm, J = 35 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCF0B18399CFED8FEB2FEC7" blockId="11.[189,1399,265,432]" box="[234,325,265,291]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCF0B18399CFED8FEB2FEC7" bold="true" box="[234,325,265,291]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Female</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCF0B1839CBFEFDFD58FE54" blockId="11.[189,1399,265,432]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Similar to male, but with wider body. One specimen bears a single protist (suctorian) on tail. Reproductive system didelphic, amphidelphic with reflected ovaries situated either both on the right or both on the left of intestine. Vulva located slightly post median. Cuticular pars distalis vaginae and pars proximalis vaginae surrounded by constrictor muscle.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="70C7939AFFCF0B1839CBF87BFE8DF803" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3779436" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3779436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3779436/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[189,232,1962,1988]" targetBox="[190,1403,492,1909]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCF0B1839CBF87BFE8DF803" blockId="11.[189,1398,1962,2023]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCF0B1839CBF87BFEFBF820" bold="true" box="[189,268,1962,1988]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCF0B183863F87AFE01F820" authority="Leduc &amp; Verschelde, 2015" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" box="[277,502,1962,1989]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="verecunda" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCF0B183863F87AFE01F820" box="[277,502,1962,1989]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Spirinia verecunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFCF0B183889F87BFDACF820" box="[511,603,1962,1988]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCF0B183B12F87BFD8EF820" bold="true" box="[612,633,1962,1988]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A</emphasis>
. Entire male.
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCF0B183A55F87BFCC0F820" bold="true" box="[803,823,1962,1988]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">B</emphasis>
. Female reproductive system. Scale bar: A = 50 µm, B = 30 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="70C7939AFFC80B1F39CBF8B5FAF6F80C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3779438" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3779438" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3779438/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[189,232,1892,1918]" targetBox="[243,1343,268,1853]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC80B1F39CBF8B5FAF6F80C" blockId="12.[189,1399,1892,2024]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC80B1F39CBF8B5FEFCF89A" bold="true" box="[189,267,1892,1918]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC80B1F3862F8B4FE04F89A" authority="Leduc &amp; Verschelde, 2015" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" box="[276,499,1892,1919]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="verecunda" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC80B1F3862F8B4FE04F89A" box="[276,499,1892,1919]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Spirinia verecunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFC80B1F388AF8B5FDADF89A" box="[508,602,1892,1918]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, light micrographs.
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC80B1F3A33F8B5FCADF89A" bold="true" box="[837,858,1892,1918]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A</emphasis>
. Male head, showing amphideal aperture and and cuticular hair-like structures.
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC80B1F3B35F856FDA0F845" bold="true" box="[579,599,1927,1953]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B</emphasis>
. Male head, showing amphideal fovea.
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC80B1F3D52F856FBCEF845" bold="true" box="[1060,1081,1927,1953]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C</emphasis>
. Male anterior body region showing buccal cavity and elongated glands.
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC80B1F3BA3F87BFD1DF820" bold="true" box="[725,746,1962,1988]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">D</emphasis>
. Mature sperm cells.
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC80B1F3A9DF87BFC08F820" bold="true" box="[1003,1023,1962,1988]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">E</emphasis>
. Posterior body region of male, showing copulatory apparatus and attached protist. Scale bar: A–B, D–E = 10 µm, C = 8 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="70C7939AFFC90B1E39CBFEDAFE16FE6A" ID-Table-UUID="70C7939AFFC90B1E39CBFEDAFE16FE6A" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/70C7939AFFC90B1E39CBFEDAFE16FE6A" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" targetBox="[204,1350,428,1483]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC90B1E39CBFEDAFE16FE6A" blockId="13.[189,1399,267,398]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC90B1E39CBFEDAFED4FEC1" bold="true" box="[189,291,267,293]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Table 1.</emphasis>
Morphometrics (µm) of
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC90B1E3B2EFEDDFCCDFEC1" authority="Leduc &amp; Verschelde, 2015" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" box="[600,826,267,294]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="verecunda" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC90B1E3B2EFEDDFCCDFEC1" box="[600,826,267,294]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Spirinia verecunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFC90B1E3A33FEDAFC53FEC1" box="[837,932,267,293]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC90B1E3A92FEDAFAFAFEC1" authority="Leduc &amp; Verschelde, 2015" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" box="[996,1293,267,293]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Stygodesmodora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="confusa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC90B1E3A92FEDAFAFAFEC1" box="[996,1293,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Stygodesmodora confusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFC90B1E3C6FFEDAFA80FEC1" box="[1305,1399,267,293]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
— a, body length/maximum body diameter; abd, anal body diameter; b, body length/pharynx length; c, body length/tail length; cbd, corresponding body diameter; V, vulva distance from anterior end of body; %V, V/total body length.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC90B1E3B54FE7CFAC6FA2F" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<table id="56B831B2FFC9F4EC39BAFE7DFAB1FA2F" box="[204,1350,428,1483]" gridcols="6" gridrows="28" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<tr id="9A88C150FFC9F4EC39BAFE7DFAB1FE23" box="[204,1350,428,455]" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B54FE7DFC9CFE23" box="[546,875,428,455]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC90B1E3B54FE7CFCFEFE23" authority="Leduc &amp; Verschelde, 2015" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" box="[546,777,428,455]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="verecunda" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC90B1E3B54FE7CFCFEFE23" bold="true" box="[546,777,428,455]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Spirinia verecunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFC90B1E3A66FE7CFC9CFE23" box="[784,875,429,455]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</th>
<th id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3AE2FE7DFAB1FE23" box="[916,1350,428,455]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC90B1E3AC4FE7DFB17FE22" authority="Leduc &amp; Verschelde, 2015" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" box="[946,1248,428,455]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Stygodesmodora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="confusa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC90B1E3AC4FE7DFB17FE22" bold="true" box="[946,1248,428,455]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Stygodesmodora confusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFC90B1E3D9EFE7CFAB5FE23" box="[1256,1346,429,455]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="9A88C150FFC9F4EC39BAFE02FAB1FE09" box="[204,1350,467,493]" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B54FE02FD6BFE09" box="[546,668,467,493]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<specimenCount id="32BE089BFFC90B1E3B2DFE02FD86FE09" box="[603,625,467,493]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B92FE02FC9CFE09" box="[740,875,467,493]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<specimenCount id="32BE089BFFC90B1E3A71FE02FCC4FE09" box="[775,819,467,493]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3AE2FE02FB67FE09" box="[916,1168,467,493]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<specimenCount id="32BE089BFFC90B1E3A8DFE02FBD0FE09" box="[1019,1063,467,493]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3DA4FE02FAB1FE09" box="[1234,1350,467,493]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<specimenCount id="32BE089BFFC90B1E3D80FE02FAD5FE09" box="[1270,1314,467,493]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9A88C150FFC9F4EC39BAFE28FAB1FDF7" box="[204,1350,505,531]" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B54FE28FD6BFDF7" box="[546,668,505,531]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<typeStatus id="FB037DB0FFC90B1E3B59FE28FD6BFDF7" box="[559,668,505,531]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B92FE28FC9CFDF7" box="[740,875,505,531]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<typeStatus id="FB037DB0FFC90B1E3B92FE28FCA1FDF7" box="[740,854,505,531]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3AE2FE28FBF6FDF7" box="[916,1025,505,531]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<typeStatus id="FB037DB0FFC90B1E3AE2FE28FBF6FDF7" box="[916,1025,505,531]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3D5FFE28FB67FDF7" box="[1065,1168,505,531]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<typeStatus id="FB037DB0FFC90B1E3D5FFE28FB67FDF7" box="[1065,1168,505,531]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3DA4FE28FAB1FDF7" box="[1234,1350,505,531]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<typeStatus id="FB037DB0FFC90B1E3DA5FE28FAB2FDF7" box="[1235,1349,505,531]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9A88C150FFC9F4EC39BAFDF7FAB1FDA4" box="[204,1350,550,576]" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC39BAFDF7FDF7FDA4" box="[204,512,550,576]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">n</th>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B54FDF7FD6BFDA4" box="[546,668,550,576]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">-</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B92FDF7FC9CFDA4" box="[740,875,550,576]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">2</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3AE2FDF7FBF6FDA4" box="[916,1025,550,576]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">-</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3D5FFDF7FB67FDA4" box="[1065,1168,550,576]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3DA4FDF7FAB1FDA4" box="[1234,1350,550,576]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9A88C150FFC9F4EC39BAFD9DFAB1FD82" box="[204,1350,588,614]" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC39BAFD9DFDF7FD82" box="[204,512,588,614]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">L</th>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B54FD9DFD6BFD82" box="[546,668,588,614]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">757</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B92FD9DFC9CFD82" box="[740,875,588,614]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">667, 675</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3AE2FD9DFBF6FD82" box="[916,1025,588,614]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1241</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3D5FFD9DFB67FD82" box="[1065,1168,588,614]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">795</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3DA4FD9DFAB1FD82" box="[1234,1350,588,614]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">778–1029</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9A88C150FFC9F4EC39BAFDA3FAB1FD68" box="[204,1350,626,652]" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC39BAFDA3FDF7FD68" box="[204,512,626,652]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">a</th>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B54FDA3FD6BFD68" box="[546,668,626,652]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">22</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B92FDA3FC9CFD68" box="[740,875,626,652]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">17</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3AE2FDA3FBF6FD68" box="[916,1025,626,652]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">35</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3D5FFDA3FB67FD68" box="[1065,1168,626,652]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">28</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3DA4FDA3FAB1FD68" box="[1234,1350,626,652]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">22–34</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9A88C150FFC9F4EC39BAFD49FAB1FD56" box="[204,1350,664,690]" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC39BAFD49FDF7FD56" box="[204,512,664,690]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">b</th>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B54FD49FD6BFD56" box="[546,668,664,690]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">8</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B92FD49FC9CFD56" box="[740,875,664,690]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">6,7</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3AE2FD49FBF6FD56" box="[916,1025,664,690]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">11</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3D5FFD49FB67FD56" box="[1065,1168,664,690]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">8</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3DA4FD49FAB1FD56" box="[1234,1350,664,690]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">8–10</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9A88C150FFC9F4EC39BAFD6FFAB1FD3C" box="[204,1350,702,728]" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC39BAFD6FFDF7FD3C" box="[204,512,702,728]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">c</th>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B54FD6FFD6BFD3C" box="[546,668,702,728]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">15</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B92FD6FFC9CFD3C" box="[740,875,702,728]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">13</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3AE2FD6FFBF6FD3C" box="[916,1025,702,728]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">13</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3D5FFD6FFB67FD3C" box="[1065,1168,702,728]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">14</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3DA4FD6FFAB1FD3C" box="[1234,1350,702,728]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">12–15</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9A88C150FFC9F4EC39BAFD32FAB1FD19" box="[204,1350,739,765]" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC39BAFD32FDF7FD19" box="[204,512,739,765]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Head diameter</th>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B54FD32FD6BFD19" box="[546,668,739,765]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">17</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B92FD32FC9CFD19" box="[740,875,739,765]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">17, 18</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3AE2FD32FBF6FD19" box="[916,1025,739,765]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">18</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3D5FFD32FB67FD19" box="[1065,1168,739,765]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">14</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3DA4FD32FAB1FD19" box="[1234,1350,739,765]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">14–16</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9A88C150FFC9F4EC39BAFCD8FAB1FCC7" box="[204,1350,777,803]" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC39BAFCD8FDF7FCC7" box="[204,512,777,803]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Length of cephalic setae</th>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B54FCD8FD6BFCC7" box="[546,668,777,803]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">2</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B92FCD8FC9CFCC7" box="[740,875,777,803]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">2</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3AE2FCD8FBF6FCC7" box="[916,1025,777,803]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">7–8</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3D5FFCD8FB67FCC7" box="[1065,1168,777,803]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">6–9</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3DA4FCD8FAB1FCC7" box="[1234,1350,777,803]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">5–9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9A88C150FFC9F4EC39BAFCFEFAB1FCAD" box="[204,1350,815,841]" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC39BAFCFEFDF7FCAD" box="[204,512,815,841]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Amphid height</th>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B54FCFEFD6BFCAD" box="[546,668,815,841]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">6</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B92FCFEFC9CFCAD" box="[740,875,815,841]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">6, 7</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3AE2FCFEFBF6FCAD" box="[916,1025,815,841]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">11</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3D5FFCFEFB67FCAD" box="[1065,1168,815,841]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">6</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3DA4FCFEFAB1FCAD" box="[1234,1350,815,841]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">5–6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9A88C150FFC9F4EC39BAFC84FAB1FC8B" box="[204,1350,853,879]" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC39BAFC84FDF7FC8B" box="[204,512,853,879]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Amphid width</th>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B54FC84FD6BFC8B" box="[546,668,853,879]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">6</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B92FC84FC9CFC8B" box="[740,875,853,879]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">6, 7</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3AE2FC84FBF6FC8B" box="[916,1025,853,879]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">11</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3D5FFC84FB67FC8B" box="[1065,1168,853,879]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">6</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3DA4FC84FAB1FC8B" box="[1234,1350,853,879]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">6–7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9A88C150FFC9F4EC39BAFCAAFAB1FC71" box="[204,1350,891,917]" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC39BAFCAAFDF7FC71" box="[204,512,891,917]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Amphid width/cbd (%)</th>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B54FCAAFD6BFC71" box="[546,668,891,917]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">35</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B92FCAAFC9CFC71" box="[740,875,891,917]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">33, 41</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3AE2FCAAFBF6FC71" box="[916,1025,891,917]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">61</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3D5FFCAAFB67FC71" box="[1065,1168,891,917]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">43</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3DA4FCAAFAB1FC71" box="[1234,1350,891,917]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">40–47</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9A88C150FFC9F4EC39BAFC71FAB1FC5E" box="[204,1350,928,954]" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC39BAFC71FDF7FC5E" box="[204,512,928,954]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Amphid from anterior end</th>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B54FC71FD6BFC5E" box="[546,668,928,954]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">2</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B92FC71FC9CFC5E" box="[740,875,928,954]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3AE2FC71FBF6FC5E" box="[916,1025,928,954]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3D5FFC71FB67FC5E" box="[1065,1168,928,954]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">5</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3DA4FC71FAB1FC5E" box="[1234,1350,928,954]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3–7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9A88C150FFC9F4EC39BAFC17FAB1FC04" box="[204,1350,966,992]" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC39BAFC17FDF7FC04" box="[204,512,966,992]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nerve ring from ant. end</th>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B54FC17FD6BFC04" box="[546,668,966,992]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">49</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B92FC17FC9CFC04" box="[740,875,966,992]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">45, 53</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3AE2FC17FBF6FC04" box="[916,1025,966,992]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">68</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3D5FFC17FB67FC04" box="[1065,1168,966,992]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">59</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3DA4FC17FAB1FC04" box="[1234,1350,966,992]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">57–62</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9A88C150FFC9F4EC39BAFC3DFAB1FBE2" box="[204,1350,1004,1030]" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC39BAFC3DFDF7FBE2" box="[204,512,1004,1030]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nerve ring cbd</th>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B54FC3DFD6BFBE2" box="[546,668,1004,1030]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">32</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B92FC3DFC9CFBE2" box="[740,875,1004,1030]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">32, 33</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3AE2FC3DFBF6FBE2" box="[916,1025,1004,1030]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">29</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3D5FFC3DFB67FBE2" box="[1065,1168,1004,1030]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">25</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3DA4FC3DFAB1FBE2" box="[1234,1350,1004,1030]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">24–25</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9A88C150FFC9F4EC39BAFBC3FAB1FBC8" box="[204,1350,1042,1068]" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC39BAFBC3FDF7FBC8" box="[204,512,1042,1068]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pharynx length</th>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B54FBC3FD6BFBC8" box="[546,668,1042,1068]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">100</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B92FBC3FC9CFBC8" box="[740,875,1042,1068]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">100, 107</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3AE2FBC3FBF6FBC8" box="[916,1025,1042,1068]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">109</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3D5FFBC3FB67FBC8" box="[1065,1168,1042,1068]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">95</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3DA4FBC3FAB1FBC8" box="[1234,1350,1042,1068]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">92–105</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9A88C150FFC9F4EC39BAFBE6FAB1FBB5" box="[204,1350,1079,1105]" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC39BAFBE6FDF7FBB5" box="[204,512,1079,1105]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pharyngeal bulb diameter</th>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B54FBE6FD6BFBB5" box="[546,668,1079,1105]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">26</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B92FBE6FC9CFBB5" box="[740,875,1079,1105]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">27</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3AE2FBE6FBF6FBB5" box="[916,1025,1079,1105]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">22</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3D5FFBE6FB67FBB5" box="[1065,1168,1079,1105]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">20</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3DA4FBE6FAB1FBB5" box="[1234,1350,1079,1105]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">20–22</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9A88C150FFC9F4EC39BAFB8CFAB1FB93" box="[204,1350,1117,1143]" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC39BAFB8CFDF7FB93" box="[204,512,1117,1143]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pharyngeal bulb cbd</th>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B54FB8CFD6BFB93" box="[546,668,1117,1143]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">31</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B92FB8CFC9CFB93" box="[740,875,1117,1143]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">33, 34</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3AE2FB8CFBF6FB93" box="[916,1025,1117,1143]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">29</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3D5FFB8CFB67FB93" box="[1065,1168,1117,1143]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">25</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3DA4FB8CFAB1FB93" box="[1234,1350,1117,1143]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">25–28</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9A88C150FFC9F4EC39BAFB52FAB1FB79" box="[204,1350,1155,1181]" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC39BAFB52FDF7FB79" box="[204,512,1155,1181]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Max. body diameter</th>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B54FB52FD6BFB79" box="[546,668,1155,1181]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">35</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B92FB52FC9CFB79" box="[740,875,1155,1181]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">39, 40</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3AE2FB52FBF6FB79" box="[916,1025,1155,1181]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">35</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3D5FFB52FB67FB79" box="[1065,1168,1155,1181]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">42</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3DA4FB52FAB1FB79" box="[1234,1350,1155,1181]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">30–37</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9A88C150FFC9F4EC39BAFB78FAB1FB27" box="[204,1350,1193,1219]" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC39BAFB78FDF7FB27" box="[204,512,1193,1219]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Spicule length</th>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B54FB78FD6BFB27" box="[546,668,1193,1219]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">38</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B92FB78FC9CFB27" box="[740,875,1193,1219]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">-</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3AE2FB78FBF6FB27" box="[916,1025,1193,1219]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">39</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3D5FFB78FB67FB27" box="[1065,1168,1193,1219]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">42</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3DA4FB78FAB1FB27" box="[1234,1350,1193,1219]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9A88C150FFC9F4EC39BAFB1EFAB1FB0D" box="[204,1350,1231,1257]" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC39BAFB1EFDF7FB0D" box="[204,512,1231,1257]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Gubernaculum length</th>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B54FB1EFD6BFB0D" box="[546,668,1231,1257]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">13</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B92FB1EFC9CFB0D" box="[740,875,1231,1257]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">-</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3AE2FB1EFBF6FB0D" box="[916,1025,1231,1257]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">10</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3D5FFB1EFB67FB0D" box="[1065,1168,1231,1257]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">12</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3DA4FB1EFAB1FB0D" box="[1234,1350,1231,1257]" gridcol="5" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9A88C150FFC9F4EC39BAFB25FAB1FAEA" box="[204,1350,1268,1294]" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC39BAFB25FDF7FAEA" box="[204,512,1268,1294]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Anal body diameter</th>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B54FB25FD6BFAEA" box="[546,668,1268,1294]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">24</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B92FB25FC9CFAEA" box="[740,875,1268,1294]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">21, 22</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3AE2FB25FBF6FAEA" box="[916,1025,1268,1294]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">28</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3D5FFB25FB67FAEA" box="[1065,1168,1268,1294]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">21</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3DA4FB25FAB1FAEA" box="[1234,1350,1268,1294]" gridcol="5" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">17–20</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9A88C150FFC9F4EC39BAFACBFAB1FAD0" box="[204,1350,1306,1332]" gridrow="23" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC39BAFACBFDF7FAD0" box="[204,512,1306,1332]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tail length</th>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B54FACBFD6BFAD0" box="[546,668,1306,1332]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">49</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B92FACBFC9CFAD0" box="[740,875,1306,1332]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">51, 52</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3AE2FACBFBF6FAD0" box="[916,1025,1306,1332]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">93</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3D5FFACBFB67FAD0" box="[1065,1168,1306,1332]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">57</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3DA4FACBFAB1FAD0" box="[1234,1350,1306,1332]" gridcol="5" gridrow="23" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">62–85</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9A88C150FFC9F4EC39BAFA91FAB1FABE" box="[204,1350,1344,1370]" gridrow="24" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC39BAFA91FDF7FABE" box="[204,512,1344,1370]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tail length/abd</th>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B54FA91FD6BFABE" box="[546,668,1344,1370]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">2.0</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B92FA91FC9CFABE" box="[740,875,1344,1370]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">2.4</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3AE2FA91FBF6FABE" box="[916,1025,1344,1370]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3.3</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3D5FFA91FB67FABE" box="[1065,1168,1344,1370]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">2.7</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3DA4FA91FAB1FABE" box="[1234,1350,1344,1370]" gridcol="5" gridrow="24" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3.5–4.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9A88C150FFC9F4EC39BAFAB7FAB1FA64" box="[204,1350,1382,1408]" gridrow="25" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC39BAFAB7FDF7FA64" box="[204,512,1382,1408]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">V</th>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B54FAB7FD6BFA64" box="[546,668,1382,1408]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">-</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B92FAB7FC9CFA64" box="[740,875,1382,1408]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">347, 361</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3AE2FAB7FBF6FA64" box="[916,1025,1382,1408]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">-</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3D5FFAB7FB67FA64" box="[1065,1168,1382,1408]" gridcol="4" gridrow="25" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">-</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3DA4FAB7FAB1FA64" box="[1234,1350,1382,1408]" gridcol="5" gridrow="25" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">428–558</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9A88C150FFC9F4EC39BAFA5DFAB1FA42" box="[204,1350,1420,1446]" gridrow="26" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC39BAFA5DFDF7FA42" box="[204,512,1420,1446]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">%V</th>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B54FA5DFD6BFA42" box="[546,668,1420,1446]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">-</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B92FA5DFC9CFA42" box="[740,875,1420,1446]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">51,54</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3AE2FA5DFBF6FA42" box="[916,1025,1420,1446]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">-</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3D5FFA5DFB67FA42" box="[1065,1168,1420,1446]" gridcol="4" gridrow="26" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">-</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3DA4FA5DFAB1FA42" box="[1234,1350,1420,1446]" gridcol="5" gridrow="26" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">53–55</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9A88C150FFC9F4EC39BAFA60FAB1FA2F" box="[204,1350,1457,1483]" gridrow="27" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC39BAFA60FDF7FA2F" box="[204,512,1457,1483]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Vulval body diameter</th>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B54FA60FD6BFA2F" box="[546,668,1457,1483]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">-</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3B92FA60FC9CFA2F" box="[740,875,1457,1483]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">39, 40</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3AE2FA60FBF6FA2F" box="[916,1025,1457,1483]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">-</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3D5FFA60FB67FA2F" box="[1065,1168,1457,1483]" gridcol="4" gridrow="27" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">-</td>
<td id="D959A82CFFC9F4EC3DA4FA60FAB1FA2F" box="[1234,1350,1457,1483]" gridcol="5" gridrow="27" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">30–37</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="6CA29099FFC90B1D39CBF9C5FAF6FE54" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC90B1E39CBF9C5FED8F9CA" blockId="13.[189,303,1556,1582]" box="[189,303,1556,1582]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="7F4F747EFFC90B1E39CBF9C5FED8F9CA" bold="true" box="[189,303,1556,1582]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="3">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC90B1E39CBF9C5FED8F9CA" bold="true" box="[189,303,1556,1582]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC90B1D39CBF995FAF6FE54" blockId="13.[189,1399,1603,2017]" lastBlockId="14.[189,1399,266,433]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC90B1E39CBF995FE68F9B9" authority="Leduc &amp; Verschelde, 2015" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" box="[189,415,1603,1630]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="verecunda" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC90B1E39CBF995FE68F9B9" box="[189,415,1603,1630]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Spirinia verecunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFC90B1E38DFF992FDF1F9B9" box="[425,518,1603,1629]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
shows similarities with several
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC90B1E3AFAF995FC1CF9BA" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1963" box="[908,1003,1604,1630]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC90B1E3AFAF995FC1CF9BA" box="[908,1003,1604,1630]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Spirinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC90B1E3D5FF992FB2CF9B9" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1918" box="[1065,1243,1603,1629]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC90B1E3D5FF992FB2CF9B9" box="[1065,1243,1603,1629]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Chromaspirina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, i.e.,
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC90B1E39CBF9B6FE25F964" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[189,466,1638,1665]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guanabarensis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC90B1E39CBF9B6FE25F964" box="[189,466,1638,1665]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Spirinia guanabarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFC90B1E38ADF9B7FD95F964" box="[475,610,1638,1664]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC90B1E3B07F9B6FD07F965" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[625,752,1639,1665]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="inaurita" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC90B1E3B07F9B6FD07F965" box="[625,752,1639,1665]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. inaurita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFC90B1E3B8CF9B7FC76F964" box="[762,897,1638,1664]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC90B1E3AF9F9B6FBE0F964" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[911,1047,1638,1665]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="okemwai" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC90B1E3AF9F9B6FBE0F964" box="[911,1047,1638,1665]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. okemwai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFC90B1E3D54F9B7FB51F964" box="[1058,1190,1638,1664]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC90B1E3DC1F9B6FAD3F965" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[1207,1316,1639,1665]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="parma" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC90B1E3DC1F9B6FAD3F965" box="[1207,1316,1639,1665]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. parma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFC90B1E3C58F9B7FF06F947" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC90B1E3877F958FDDBF947" authorityName="Boucher" authorityYear="1975" box="[257,556,1673,1699]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="chabaudi">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC90B1E3877F958FDDBF947" box="[257,556,1673,1699]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Chromaspirina chabaudi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC90B1E3B03F95BFCBEF947" box="[629,841,1673,1700]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC90B1E3B03F95BFCB2F947" box="[629,837,1673,1700]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="multipapillata">C. multipapillata</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Of these,
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC90B1E3AB8F95BFB9FF947" authority="Leduc &amp; Verschelde, 2015" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" box="[974,1128,1673,1700]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="verecunda" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC90B1E3AB8F95BFB9FF947" box="[974,1128,1673,1700]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. verecunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFC90B1E3D02F958FB24F947" box="[1140,1235,1673,1699]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
resembles
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC90B1E3C29F958FED2F923" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" baseAuthorityYear="2015" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="21" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="okemwai" status="comb. nov.">
S.
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC90B1E39CBF97CFED2F923" box="[189,293,1709,1735]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">okemwai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFC90B1E385AF97CFE5AF923" box="[300,429,1709,1735]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
the most in cuticle ornamentation (annulated head region, cuticle with minute hairlike structures), size and shape of the amphids, presence of large sperm cells, and absence of precloacal supplements.
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC90B1E3817F925FE0DF8E9" authority="Leduc &amp; Verschelde, 2015" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" box="[353,506,1779,1806]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="verecunda" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC90B1E3817F925FE0DF8E9" box="[353,506,1779,1806]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. verecunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFC90B1E3B72F922FD96F8E9" box="[516,609,1779,1805]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from the latter in having shorter body length (667–757
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC90B1E3C28F925FA81F8E9" box="[1374,1398,1780,1805]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">vs</emphasis>
<quantity id="E3406EF7FFC90B1E39CBF8C7FE9EF8D4" box="[189,361,1814,1840]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1955" metricValueMax="1.425" metricValueMin="0.966" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="1195.5" valueMax="1425.0" valueMin="966.0">966–1425 µm</quantity>
), lower values of a (17–22
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC90B1E3BB2F8C9FD2BF8D5" box="[708,732,1816,1841]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">vs</emphasis>
22–27), shorter cephalic setae (2
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC90B1E3DF2F8C9FB6BF8D5" box="[1156,1180,1816,1841]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">vs</emphasis>
<quantity id="E3406EF7FFC90B1E3DDFF8C7FAFCF8D4" box="[1193,1291,1814,1840]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="3.0">3–6 µm</quantity>
), shorter spicules (38
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC90B1E3826F8EAFE9FF8B0" box="[336,360,1851,1876]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">vs</emphasis>
41–50), and shorter gubernaculum (13
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC90B1E3A41F8EAFCB8F8B0" box="[823,847,1851,1876]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">vs</emphasis>
19–25).
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC90B1E3AC1F8EBFBBAF8B7" authority="Leduc &amp; Verschelde, 2015" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" box="[951,1101,1849,1876]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="verecunda" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC90B1E3AC1F8EBFBBAF8B7" box="[951,1101,1849,1876]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. verecunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFC90B1E3D22F8E8FB59F8B7" box="[1108,1198,1849,1875]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
also differs from
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC90B1E39CBF88CFEB3F893" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[189,324,1885,1911]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="21" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="okemwai" status="comb. nov.">
S.
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC90B1E39AAF88CFEB3F893" box="[220,324,1885,1911]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">okemwai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFC90B1E383DF88CFE3BF893" box="[331,460,1885,1911]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in the presence of elongated glands in the anterior region of the pharynx (absent in
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC90B1E39A9F851FE9EF87E" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[223,361,1920,1946]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="21" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="okemwai" status="comb. nov.">
S.
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC90B1E3877F851FE9EF87E" box="[257,361,1920,1946]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">okemwai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFC90B1E3802F851FE0DF87E" box="[372,506,1920,1946]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
) and the structure of the gubernaculum (hook absent
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC90B1E3DFAF850FB53F87E" box="[1164,1188,1921,1946]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">vs</emphasis>
dorsally directed proximal hook).
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC90B1E38F0F875FDE9F859" authority="Leduc &amp; Verschelde, 2015" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" box="[390,542,1955,1982]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="verecunda" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC90B1E38F0F875FDE9F859" box="[390,542,1955,1982]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. verecunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFC90B1E3B5EF872FD72F859" box="[552,645,1955,1981]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
can most readily be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC90B1E3D1DF875FB1DF859" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[1131,1258,1956,1982]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="inaurita" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC90B1E3D1DF875FB1DF859" box="[1131,1258,1956,1982]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. inaurita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFC90B1E3D85F872FA80F859" box="[1267,1399,1955,1981]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC90B1E3987F816FEAAF805" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[241,349,1991,2017]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="parma" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC90B1E3987F816FEAAF805" box="[241,349,1991,2017]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. parma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFC90B1E3810F817FE1EF804" box="[358,489,1990,2016]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
by the size of the amphids (in males: 35% cbd in
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC90B1E3D3CF816FB21F804" authority="Leduc &amp; Verschelde, 2015" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" box="[1098,1238,1990,2017]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vercunda" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC90B1E3D3CF816FB21F804" box="[1098,1238,1990,2017]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. vercunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFC90B1E3DA9F817FACCF804" box="[1247,1339,1990,2016]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC90B1E3C32F819FAABF805" box="[1348,1372,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">vs</emphasis>
&gt; 60% cbd in
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCA0B1D3827FEDAFE38FEC0" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[337,463,267,293]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="inaurita" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCA0B1D3827FEDAFE38FEC0" box="[337,463,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. inaurita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFCA0B1D3894FEDBFD91FEC0" box="[482,614,266,292]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCA0B1D3BD5FEDAFCF8FEC0" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[675,783,267,293]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="parma" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCA0B1D3BD5FEDAFCF8FEC0" box="[675,783,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. parma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFCA0B1D3A6EFEDBFC57FEC0" box="[792,928,266,292]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
), from
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCA0B1D3A8FFEDBFAD5FEC0" authorityName="Boucher" authorityYear="1975" box="[1017,1314,266,292]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="chabaudi">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCA0B1D3A8FFEDBFAD5FEC0" box="[1017,1314,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Chromaspirina chabaudi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the structure of the gubernaculum (not surrounding spicules in
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCA0B1D3A1DFEFFFBF7FEA3" authority="Leduc &amp; Verschelde, 2015" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" box="[875,1024,301,328]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="verecunda" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCA0B1D3A1DFEFFFBF7FEA3" box="[875,1024,301,328]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. verecunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFCA0B1D3D70FEFCFB97FEA3" box="[1030,1120,301,327]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCA0B1D3D13FEFFFB8AFEA3" box="[1125,1149,302,327]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">vs</emphasis>
surrounding spicules distally in
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCA0B1D384EFE80FE30FE8E" authorityName="Boucher" authorityYear="1975" box="[312,455,336,363]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="chabaudi">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCA0B1D384EFE80FE30FE8E" box="[312,455,336,363]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C. chabaudi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), from
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCA0B1D3B69FE80FD10FE8E" box="[543,743,336,363]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="multipapillata">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCA0B1D3B69FE80FD10FE8E" box="[543,743,336,363]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C. multipapillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the absence of precloacal supplements (present in
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCA0B1D3C2AFE80FE94FE69" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="multipapillata">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCA0B1D3C2AFE80FE94FE69" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C. multipapillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and from
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCA0B1D389DFEA5FD43FE69" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[491,692,371,398]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guanabarensis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCA0B1D389DFEA5FD43FE69" box="[491,692,371,398]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. guanabarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFCA0B1D3BCCFEA2FCCCFE69" box="[698,827,371,397]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
by its small body size (&lt;
<quantity id="E3406EF7FFCA0B1D3D15FEA2FB4AFE69" box="[1123,1213,371,397]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="800.0">800 µm</quantity>
in
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCA0B1D3D97FEA5FA81FE69" authority="Leduc &amp; Verschelde, 2015" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" box="[1249,1398,371,398]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="verecunda" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCA0B1D3D97FEA5FA81FE69" box="[1249,1398,371,398]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. verecunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFCA0B1D39CBFE47FEEFFE54" box="[189,280,406,432]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCA0B1D3868FE49FEC1FE55" box="[286,310,408,433]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">vs</emphasis>
&gt;
<quantity id="E3406EF7FFCA0B1D3838FE47FE4EFE54" box="[334,441,406,432]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="1800.0">1800 µm</quantity>
in
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCA0B1D38A8FE46FD50FE54" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[478,679,406,433]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guanabarensis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCA0B1D38A8FE46FD50FE54" box="[478,679,406,433]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. guanabarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFCA0B1D3BD8FE47FCC6FE54" box="[686,817,406,432]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
) and low values of a (17–22
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCA0B1D3DF1FE49FB68FE55" box="[1159,1183,408,433]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">vs</emphasis>
30–48).
</paragraph>
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42
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,
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β. Cerasus hortensis, flore roseo.
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Linnaeus
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2
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<paragraph id="6DFCAC2B82C81CBA13A317110E2BFE98" pageNumber="291">&quot;Habitat in Indiis.&quot; RCN: 7562.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="80355B34A91DAA22B4E5ADB0DBC908FC" pageNumber="291">
<materialsCitation id="36D8C594FC08C1E321FDC9EC38116E12" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2612070994" collectionCode="LINN" specimenCode="1211.27" typeStatus="lectotype">
<typeStatus id="84B2FD5DB3009356FEF0F7C6BFB7089A">Lectotype</typeStatus>
(Henrard in
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3: 454. 1940; Cope in Cafferty &amp; al. in
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49: 245. 2000): Herb. Linn. No. 1211.27, lower central specimen (
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)
</materialsCitation>
.
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Current name:
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<emphasis id="B0DDC868BFB069A8961939C1B311041C" bold="true" pageNumber="291">
<emphasis id="752DA2A4DE63B9EC81733457B03A6D85" bold="true" italics="true" pageNumber="291">Microstegium fasciculatum</emphasis>
</emphasis>
(L.) Henrard
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(
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).
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<paragraph id="FEEBC9E6337B9F1DBAEE192D27427420" pageNumber="291">
<emphasis id="3EB0E7E1B6B8F159E236A17AE45D69CB" italics="true" pageNumber="291">Note:</emphasis>
Specific epithet spelled
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in the protologue.
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<paragraph id="716D6CD3C73FD67B6C438D7127BAC480" pageNumber="291">
Munro (in
<emphasis id="B431D6A03D611177B2D2E0E8A0BF9170" italics="true" pageNumber="291">J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot.</emphasis>
6: 53. 1862) noted the existence of two species associated with this name in LINN, and Hitchcock (in
<emphasis id="4D7824278ABFB7285D8792B0C07A9F39" italics="true" pageNumber="291">Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb.</emphasis>
12: 126. 1908) provided an extensive discussion. However, Henrard (in
<emphasis id="FC77D040984021D82197122A357DD87A" italics="true" pageNumber="291">Blumea</emphasis>
3: 454. 1940) clearly accepted the sheet now numbered as 1211.27 (LINN) as the type, though the material it bears is a mixed collection.
<normalizedToken id="5653222FF7F17B0E7E31A05B5457BFCE" originalValue="Henrard’s">Henrard's</normalizedToken>
type choice was therefore restricted by Cope to the lower, central specimen, in accordance with Art. 9.15.
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75
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<mods:dateIssued>2007</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:publisher>Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum</mods:publisher>
<mods:place>
<mods:placeTerm>London</mods:placeTerm>
</mods:place>
</mods:originInfo>
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>718</mods:start>
<mods:end>782</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.291971</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-0-9506207-7-0</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">291971</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4372342" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4372342" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC11FF57C235F01301157BE75FA5EB23" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC11FF57C235F01301157BE75FA5EB23" lastPageNumber="775" pageNumber="775">
<subSubSection pageNumber="775" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageNumber="775">
<bibCitation author="Linnaeus" pagination="475" title="Prunus domestica Linnaeus var. cereola" volumeTitle="Species Plantarum 1" year="1753">
<treatmentCitation author="Linnaeus" pageNumber="475" year="1753">
<taxonomicName authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="domestica" variety="cereola">
<emphasis bold="true" pageNumber="775">Prunus domestica</emphasis>
Linnaeus var.
<emphasis bold="true" pageNumber="775">cereola</emphasis>
Linnaeus
</taxonomicName>
,
<volumeTitle>
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="775">Species Plantarum</emphasis>
1
</volumeTitle>
: 475. 1753
</treatmentCitation>
</bibCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageNumber="775" type="multiple">
<paragraph pageNumber="775">RCN: 3633.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageNumber="775" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageNumber="775">Type not designated.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageNumber="775" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageNumber="775">Original material: none traced.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageNumber="775" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageNumber="775">
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="775">Note:</emphasis>
The application of this name is uncertain.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>