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<document id="6C932E8232D94612D7D23E3A3A6DE14A" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.269.2.7" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13666202" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.metadata_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1725392365031" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Qi, Zhe-Chen, Shen, Chao, Han, Yu-Wei, Wang, Rui-Hong, Liu, Rui-Zheng, Naiki, Akiyo &amp; Li, Pan" docDate="2016" docId="038F87DEC221B93385995BC3FE4A56C6" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.269.2.7.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 269 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.269.2.7" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Smilax fui Z. C. Qi &amp; P. Li 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="130" masterDocId="FFB6FFA6C221B93185115E73FFFB5469" masterDocTitle="A new species of Smilax (Smilacaceae) from southern islands of Kagoshima prefecture, Japan" masterLastPageNumber="130" masterPageNumber="128" pageNumber="128" updateTime="1732551309869" updateUser="guilherme" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="0BB230C1E5C70324E43863A1C4918943">
<mods:title id="E83D74ADC98D29946C55D1992C6E5607">A new species of Smilax (Smilacaceae) from southern islands of Kagoshima prefecture, Japan</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="9FEF49BFFBA33B2552FAA670DA0C3723" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="F9D80F0BA3D621A6614F0DA8A64231A9">Qi, Zhe-Chen</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="53777142A42379284B9E521880478AF6">College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China. &amp; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, Hangzhou 310018, China.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A1E195E43F5EF5874167F4BDCAEC7D75">Shen, Chao</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="64DFF588FAA85A54F51B0EB6F1318C9F">College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China. &amp; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, Hangzhou 310018, China.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="A34EE8745D8FCF3382AF8EB771EDA410" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="564DB24B6321A81B9BC0FF3442F842B5">Han, Yu-Wei</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E9918CCC3FFB9F6B5D319D1F4B910C1A">College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China. &amp; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, Hangzhou 310018, China.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="203903124363EC8DE9F2B6219A09551B" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="B5CEA9139CC8B267310A35C1A05C4A82">Wang, Rui-Hong</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CF7D56212CD933B1967F0CC993418173">College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China. &amp; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, Hangzhou 310018, China.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="276941AD93BEA4C48AC5D29C747D26A2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="86C52B87EA1C0A54A35884DC3F510ABC">Liu, Rui-Zheng</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="FDA7A50A517546EE740CED33C7A4DB80">College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China. &amp; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, Hangzhou 310018, China.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="733AC3B9C47892757A1C352C026A0E2A">Naiki, Akiyo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="737A38D591B75423E632FFCC9CA93548">Iriomote Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, 870 Uehara, Taketomi-cho, Yaeyama-gun, Okinawa, 907 - 1541, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="6CE957F533271F7B4A642E889C741F56">Li, Pan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="02149451B21ACAB769CFD74574621D97">The Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, and Laboratory of Systematic &amp; Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="C957C7F08FAA7BE2E7E2504A88A273B4">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="02C06AB645679EEAB587855273090E78">
<mods:date id="4BD9DF402166C952D7F0B5CC545A1FBA">2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="BEAAC17A330BFD2F9E77DB0FCCC67E76" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="109BD124FD6877125171896E30EB60ED">2016-08-03</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="660049EE9DC38B670D229F19BD894BC7">269</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6986F59A82BBE74B113F6030E1649869">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="BDA33EAAA655F5D598FE1E8790F28737">128</mods:start>
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<mods:location id="BD73B16F2D415744120B5F15C2E46646">
<mods:url id="3F698B1E0EFD8F235B20259DF2CD0B34">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.269.2.7</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="271C08CA76369491B9117158C5B894A2">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="958A775FC002FB879F6E27AEFCF71188" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.269.2.7</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="76032960E8A8289E9E3DE86C66F62069" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="79441E322A43983A2D0D4C650F46EA0D" type="Zenodo-Dep">13666202</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="038F87DEC221B93385995BC3FE4A56C6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F87DEC221B93385995BC3FE4A56C6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F87DEC221B93385995BC3FE4A56C6" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="130" pageId="0" pageNumber="128">
<subSubSection id="C33C6543C221B93185995BC3FD8D51A2" box="[136,630,1456,1483]" pageId="0" pageNumber="128" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9936C8C221B93185995BC3FD8D51A2" blockId="0.[136,1452,1421,1697]" box="[136,630,1456,1483]" pageId="0" pageNumber="128">
<taxonomicName id="4C264D4BC221B93185995BC3FE4D51A2" ID-CoL="4XWGJ" authority="Z.C. Qi &amp; P. Li" authorityName="Z. C. Qi &amp; P. Li" authorityYear="2016" box="[136,438,1456,1483]" class="Liliopsida" family="Smilacaceae" genus="Smilax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fui" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B952EADAC221B93185995BC3FEFA51A3" bold="true" box="[136,257,1456,1483]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="128">Smilax fui</emphasis>
Z.C. Qi &amp; P. Li
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B952EADAC221B93184D35BC1FDE051A2" bold="true" box="[450,539,1458,1483]" pageId="0" pageNumber="128">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26157A1C221B93184D35BC1FDE051A2" box="[450,539,1458,1483]" pageId="0" pageNumber="128" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="131D2A4DC221B931873B5BC1FD9051A2" box="[554,619,1458,1483]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[136,229,2001,2022]" captionTargetBox="[233,1338,217,1956]" captionTargetId="figure-18@1.[207,1380,190,1976]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Illustration of Smilax fui Z.C.Qi &amp; P.Li:A, fertile branch with pistillate inflorescence; B, fruits; C, pistillate flower; D, adaxial (above) and abaxial (below) surface of leaf with tendrils." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13666206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13666206/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="128">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33C6543C221B93185995BABFAA55230" pageId="0" pageNumber="128" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9936C8C221B93185995BABFAA55230" blockId="0.[136,1452,1421,1697]" pageId="0" pageNumber="128">
The new species resembles to
<taxonomicName id="4C264D4BC221B93184BD5BABFD635184" authority="Fu &amp; Li" authorityName="Fu &amp; Li (2011:" authorityYear="1108" box="[428,664,1496,1517]" class="Liliopsida" family="Smilacaceae" genus="Smilax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ligneoriparia">
<emphasis id="B952EADAC221B93184BD5BABFDBF5184" box="[428,580,1496,1517]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="128">S. ligneoriparia</emphasis>
Fu &amp; Li
</taxonomicName>
in possessing herbaceous leaves, a prickleless woody stem, compressed peduncle and bronze-colored tendrils, but differs in having cordate leaf blades and greenish tepals (vs. light pink). This species is also similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C264D4BC221B93185C75853FDD7525C" authority="Li &amp; Fu (2013: 58)" authorityName="Li &amp; Fu" authorityPageNumber="58" authorityYear="2013" box="[214,556,1568,1589]" class="Liliopsida" family="Smilacaceae" genus="Smilax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="B952EADAC221B93185C75853FE8B525C" box="[214,368,1568,1589]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="128">Smilax japonica</emphasis>
Li &amp; Fu (2013: 58)
</taxonomicName>
in having cordate leaf blades, flattened bronze tendrils, and prickless slender stem, but differs in having free tepals (vs. fused tepals), non-glaucous lower leaf surface (vs. glaucous), and deciduous habit (vs. evergreen).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33C6543C221B9318599581BFCF552C8" pageId="0" pageNumber="128" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9936C8C221B9318599581BFCF552C8" blockId="0.[136,1452,1421,1697]" pageId="0" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="B952EADAC221B9318599581BFF415214" bold="true" box="[136,186,1640,1661]" pageId="0" pageNumber="128">Type</emphasis>
:—
<materialsCitation id="3B4E3C95C221B93185C7581BFCF152C8" collectingDate="2003-03-29" collectionCode="OSA" collectorName="Shinji Fujii" country="Japan" elevation="400" location="south slope of Mt. Yagura, Kuroshima Island" pageId="0" pageNumber="128" specimenCode="OSA 213030" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kagoshima prefecture" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="F3317658C221B93185C7581BFEDF5214" box="[214,292,1640,1661]" name="Japan" pageId="0" pageNumber="128">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="49E2F82AC221B9318421581BFDF05214" box="[304,523,1640,1661]" country="Japan" name="Kagoshima" pageId="0" pageNumber="128">Kagoshima prefecture</collectingRegion>
:
<location id="8EF96013C221B9318706581BFC235214" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F87DEC221B93385995BC3FE4A56C6:8EF96013C221B9318706581BFC235214" box="[535,984,1640,1661]" country="Japan" name="south slope of Mt. Yagura, Kuroshima Island" pageId="0" pageNumber="128" stateProvince="Kagoshima prefecture">south slope of Mt. Yagura, Kuroshima Island</location>
,
<quantity id="4CDE9B2DC221B93186F4581BFBDD5214" box="[997,1062,1640,1661]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="128" unit="m" value="400.0">
<elevation id="000BD1FBC221B93186F4581BFBDD5214" box="[997,1062,1640,1661]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="128" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 129°56’ 10–20”E, 30°49’05–15”N,
<collectingDate id="EFDCE9E0C221B9318082581BFEC152C8" pageId="0" pageNumber="128" value="2003-03-29">
<date id="FF981008C221B9318082581BFEC152C8" pageId="0" pageNumber="128" value="1929-03">29 March, 2003</date>
</collectingDate>
, Fl.,
<emphasis id="B952EADAC221B931847B58FFFDF652C8" box="[362,525,1676,1697]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="128">
<collectorName id="26D3531EC221B931847B58FFFE2C52C8" box="[362,471,1676,1697]" pageId="0" pageNumber="128">Shinji Fujii</collectorName>
9380
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="549D886AC221B931870858FFFD8A52C8" box="[537,625,1676,1697]" pageId="0" pageNumber="128" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
,
<specimenCode id="DB809EB3C221B931876A58FFFCFB52C8" box="[635,768,1676,1697]" pageId="0" pageNumber="128">OSA 213030</specimenCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33C6543C221B931859958BFFB685C4E" pageId="0" pageNumber="128" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9936C8C221B931859958BFFB685C4E" blockId="0.[136,1453,1740,2087]" pageId="0" pageNumber="128">
Perennial woody vine, climbing with tendrils. Stems terete, with numerous secondary branches and no prickles, green, lustrous, smooth. Petioles
<quantity id="4CDE9B2DC221B93184BB5883FDDE536E" box="[426,549,1776,1799]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="0" pageNumber="128" unit="cm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.8" valueMin="1.2">1.2–3.8 cm</quantity>
long, narrowly winged for 1/10 to 1/3 of their length; abscission zone subapical; stipular tendrils well developed, green when young, then becoming bronze-colored at maturity. Leaf blades ovate to oblong with acuminate apex, and shallow to deep cordate at base,
<quantity id="4CDE9B2DC221B931860E594BFC6F5326" box="[799,916,1848,1871]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.185" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="0.57" pageId="0" pageNumber="128" unit="cm" value="11.85" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="5.7">5.7–18 cm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CDE9B2DC221B93186CF594BFB9C5326" box="[990,1127,1848,1871]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="12.7" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="0" pageNumber="128" unit="cm" value="8.0" valueMax="12.7" valueMin="3.3">3.3–12.7 cm</quantity>
wide, herbaceous, green and glossy above and beneath, primary veins 7–9, the outer 4 less prominent, sometimes the outermost 2 barely noticeable. Inflorescence of 1 umbel, borne in leaf axil; peduncle
<quantity id="4CDE9B2DC221B93187D359F3FCDE53FE" box="[706,805,1920,1943]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="0" pageNumber="128" unit="cm" value="2.4" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.8">1.8–3 cm</quantity>
long, straight, slightly compressed; umbel 7- to 30-flowered, hemispherical or spherical, base slightly thickened, globose,
<quantity id="4CDE9B2DC221B931861B59D7FC9A53D2" box="[778,865,1956,1979]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="128" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
in diameter. Pistillate flowers borne on pedicels
<quantity id="4CDE9B2DC221B931807359D7FF4A53B6" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.025" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="0.45" pageId="0" pageNumber="128" unit="mm" value="10.25" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="4.5">4.5–16 mm</quantity>
long; buds yellowish-green, green and recurved in full bloome, tepals 6, elliptic to oblong, 3.0–4.0 mm long, 1.0–
<quantity id="4CDE9B2DC221B931809D59BBFF4A5C6A" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="0" pageNumber="128" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
wide, 1-veined, inner tepals slightly narrower than outer. Berries 5.0–10.0 mm in diameter, presumably red at maturity (based on
<emphasis id="B952EADAC221B93185E75663FE755C4E" box="[246,398,2064,2087]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="128">S. Fujii 10042</emphasis>
, OSA; fresh fruits not seen). Flowering in March, fruiting in November.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF596640C220B930859959A2FD505C63" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13666206" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13666206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13666206/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="129" startId="1.[136,229,2001,2022]" targetBox="[233,1338,217,1956]" targetPageId="1" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B9936C8C220B930859959A2FD505C63" blockId="1.[136,1451,2001,2058]" pageId="1" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis id="B952EADAC220B930859959A2FF06538F" bold="true" box="[136,253,2001,2022]" pageId="1" pageNumber="129">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Illustration of
<taxonomicName id="4C264D4BC220B930849859A2FD8C538F" authority="Z. C. Qi &amp; P. Li" authorityName="Z. C. Qi &amp; P. Li" authorityYear="2016" box="[393,631,2001,2022]" class="Liliopsida" family="Smilacaceae" genus="Smilax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="1" pageNumber="129" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fui">
<emphasis id="B952EADAC220B930849859A2FE12538F" box="[393,489,2001,2022]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="129">Smilax fui</emphasis>
Z.C.Qi &amp; P.Li
</taxonomicName>
: A, fertile branch with pistillate inflorescence; B, fruits; C, pistillate flower; D, adaxial (above) and abaxial (below) surface of leaf with tendrils.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C33C6543C223B93385AC5ED3FD3A54B2" pageId="2" pageNumber="130" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B9936C8C223B93385AC5ED3FD3A54B2" blockId="2.[136,1452,160,687]" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">
<emphasis id="B952EADAC223B93385AC5ED3FEC354DE" bold="true" box="[189,312,160,183]" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">Etymology</emphasis>
:—The specific epithet honors Chengxin Fu of
<collectingRegion id="49E2F82AC223B933862A5ED3FC6154DE" box="[827,922,160,183]" country="China" name="Zhejiang" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">Zhejiang</collectingRegion>
University,
<collectingCountry id="F3317658C223B93381315ED3FB9954DE" box="[1056,1122,160,183]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">China</collectingCountry>
, for his great contribution and dedication to the study of cosmopolitan
<taxonomicName id="4C264D4BC223B93387255EB7FD4654B2" box="[564,701,196,219]" class="Liliopsida" family="Smilacaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="2" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Smilacaceae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33C6543C223B93385AC5E9BFBB25676" pageId="2" pageNumber="130" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B9936C8C223B93385AC5E9BFBB25676" blockId="2.[136,1452,160,687]" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">
<emphasis id="B952EADAC223B93385AC5E9BFD7A5496" bold="true" box="[189,641,232,255]" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">Distribution, habitat, and conservation</emphasis>
:—
<taxonomicName id="4C264D4BC223B93387B25E9BFCEA5496" authorityName="Z. C. Qi &amp; P. Li" authorityYear="2016" box="[675,785,232,255]" class="Liliopsida" family="Smilacaceae" genus="Smilax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="2" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fui">
<emphasis id="B952EADAC223B93387B25E9BFCEA5496" box="[675,785,232,255]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">Smilax fui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is an insular species currently known only from Kuroshima and Nakanoshima islands in
<collectingRegion id="49E2F82AC223B93384D35F7FFDC5554A" box="[450,574,268,291]" country="Japan" name="Kagoshima" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">Kagoshima</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3317658C223B933875A5F7FFD70554A" box="[587,651,268,291]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">Japan</collectingCountry>
. It grows on mountain slope from
<quantity id="4CDE9B2DC223B93381165F7FFB79554A" box="[1031,1154,268,291]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="130" unit="m" value="325.0" valueMax="400.0" valueMin="250.0">250–400 m</quantity>
near the edge of evergreen broad-leaved forests (e.g.
<taxonomicName id="4C264D4BC223B933848A5F43FDE6552E" box="[411,541,304,327]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B952EADAC223B933848A5F43FDE6552E" box="[411,541,304,327]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">Castanopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C264D4BC223B933873B5F43FD27552E" box="[554,732,304,327]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Cyclobalanopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B952EADAC223B933873B5F43FD27552E" box="[554,732,304,327]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">Cyclobalanopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C264D4BC223B933861F5F43FC69552E" box="[782,914,304,327]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Pleioblastus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B952EADAC223B933861F5F43FC69552E" box="[782,914,304,327]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">Pleioblastus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B39C223B93386B95F43FBBD552E" author="Shiuchi, T." box="[936,1094,304,327]" pageId="2" pageNumber="130" refId="ref1937" refString="Shiuchi, T. (1995) Flora of Tokara Archipelago. Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 253 pp." type="book" year="1995">Shiuchi (1995)</bibRefCitation>
listed it as
<taxonomicName id="4C264D4BC223B93381AD5F43FAD2552E" box="[1212,1321,304,327]" class="Liliopsida" family="Smilacaceae" genus="Smilax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="2" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B952EADAC223B93381AD5F43FAFE552E" box="[1212,1285,304,327]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">Smilax</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
and pointed out as “further study is needed” in his
<emphasis id="B952EADAC223B93387395F27FCA65502" box="[552,861,340,363]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">Flora of Tokara Archipelago</emphasis>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B39C223B933867A5F27FC175502" author="Fujii, S." box="[875,1004,340,363]" pageId="2" pageNumber="130" pagination="31 - 54" refId="ref1527" refString="Fujii, S. (2006) A list of seed plant specimens in Osaka museum of natural history 2, collected in Satsuma-Kuroshima Island, Kagoshima prefecture. Bulletin of Osaka Museum of Natural History: 31 - 54." type="book chapter" year="2006">Fujii (2006)</bibRefCitation>
commented it as a possible new taxon or unrecorded species in
<collectingCountry id="F3317658C223B93384635F0BFE5455E6" box="[370,431,376,399]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">Japan</collectingCountry>
of his collection in Kuroshima Island. Now only
<specimenCount id="9D20FD41C223B93386A25F0BFBB155E6" box="[947,1098,376,399]" count="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="130" type="generic">four specimen</specimenCount>
sheets were designate to this new taxon. Such a few specimen records may indicate the rarity of
<taxonomicName id="4C264D4BC223B933860E5FEFFCAE55DA" authorityName="Z. C. Qi &amp; P. Li" authorityYear="2016" box="[799,853,412,435]" class="Liliopsida" family="Smilacaceae" genus="Smilax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="2" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fui">
<emphasis id="B952EADAC223B933860E5FEFFCAE55DA" box="[799,853,412,435]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">S. fui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These two species have not only common characters in morphology, but also similar habitat conditions (both in broad-leave evergreen forests). The disjunct distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C264D4BC223B933805B5FB3FA8455BE" authorityName="Z. C. Qi &amp; P. Li" authorityYear="2016" box="[1354,1407,448,471]" class="Liliopsida" family="Smilacaceae" genus="Smilax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="2" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fui">
<emphasis id="B952EADAC223B933805B5FB3FA8455BE" box="[1354,1407,448,471]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">S. fui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C264D4BC223B93385995F97FECA5592" authorityName="Fu &amp; Li (2011:" authorityYear="1108" box="[136,305,484,507]" class="Liliopsida" family="Smilacaceae" genus="Smilax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="2" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ligneoriparia">
<emphasis id="B952EADAC223B93385995F97FECA5592" box="[136,305,484,507]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">S. ligneoriparia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
indicates that the two species might be relicts from the late Tertiary period of Sino-Japanese flora. Further studies and attempts at conservation should focus on this interesting new and rare species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33C6543C223B93385AC5C5FFE4A56C6" pageId="2" pageNumber="130" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9936C8C223B93385AC5C5FFE4A56C6" blockId="2.[136,1452,160,687]" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">
<materialsCitation id="3B4E3C95C223B93385AC5C5FFDE756E2" collectingDate="2003-12-30" collectionCode="OSA" collectorName="Shinji Fujii" country="Japan" county="Mishima-mura" elevation="400" location="south slope of Mt. Yagura" municipality="Kuroshima Island" pageId="2" pageNumber="130" specimenCode="OSA 217361, OSA 217363" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kagoshima prefecture" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B952EADAC223B93385AC5C5FFD9A562A" bold="true" box="[189,609,556,579]" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">
Further specimens seen (
<typeStatus id="549D886AC223B93384F75C5FFDA1562A" box="[486,602,556,579]" pageId="2" pageNumber="130" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
)
</emphasis>
:—
<collectingCountry id="F3317658C223B93387915C5FFD2C562A" box="[640,727,556,579]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="49E2F82AC223B93387F75C5FFC27562A" box="[742,988,556,579]" country="Japan" name="Kagoshima" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">Kagoshima prefecture</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="62F84E44C223B93386FA5C5FFB77562A" box="[1003,1164,556,579]" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">Mishima-mura</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFDACB2C223B933818D5C5FFA99562A" box="[1180,1378,556,579]" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">Kuroshima Island</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EF96013C223B93380635C5FFE9E560E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F87DEC221B93385995BC3FE4A56C6:8EF96013C223B93380635C5FFE9E560E" country="Japan" county="Mishima-mura" municipality="Kuroshima Island" name="south slope of Mt. Yagura" pageId="2" pageNumber="130" stateProvince="Kagoshima prefecture">south slope of Mt. Yagura</location>
,
<quantity id="4CDE9B2DC223B93384635C23FE41560E" box="[370,442,592,615]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="130" unit="m" value="400.0">
<elevation id="000BD1FBC223B93384635C23FE41560E" box="[370,442,592,615]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="130" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 129°56’ 10–20”E, 30°49’05–15”N,
<date id="FF981008C223B933865F5C23FBDB560E" box="[846,1056,592,615]" pageId="2" pageNumber="130" value="2003-12-30">
<collectingDate id="EFDCE9E0C223B933865F5C23FBDB560E" box="[846,1056,592,615]" pageId="2" pageNumber="130" value="2003-12-30">30 December 2003</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B952EADAC223B933813C5C23FB0F560E" box="[1069,1268,592,615]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">
<collectorName id="26D3531EC223B933813C5C23FB53560E" box="[1069,1192,592,615]" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">Shinji Fujii</collectorName>
10042
</emphasis>
, Fr.,
<emphasis id="B952EADAC223B93380215C23FF3056E2" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">Shinji Fujii 10043</emphasis>
(
<specimenCode id="DB809EB3C223B93385C85C07FE9556E2" box="[217,366,628,651]" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">OSA 217361</specimenCode>
!,
<specimenCode id="DB809EB3C223B933846D5C07FDEA56E2" box="[380,529,628,651]" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">OSA 217363</specimenCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B4E3C95C223B93387365C07FE5656C6" collectionCode="OSA" collectorName="Akiyo Naiki" country="Japan" county="Toshima-mura" elevation="250" location="northeast side of Mt. Otake" municipality="Nakanoshima Island" pageId="2" pageNumber="130" specimenCode="OSA 216324" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kagoshima">
<collectingCounty id="62F84E44C223B93387365C07FD3E56E2" box="[551,709,628,651]" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">Toshima-mura</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFDACB2C223B93387C15C07FC5656E2" box="[720,941,628,651]" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">Nakanoshima Island</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EF96013C223B93386A95C07FB2456E2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F87DEC221B93385995BC3FE4A56C6:8EF96013C223B93386A95C07FB2456E2" box="[952,1247,628,651]" country="Japan" county="Toshima-mura" municipality="Nakanoshima Island" name="northeast side of Mt. Otake" pageId="2" pageNumber="130" stateProvince="Kagoshima">northeast side of Mt. Otake</location>
,
<quantity id="4CDE9B2DC223B93381FB5C07FACB56E2" box="[1258,1328,628,651]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="130" unit="m" value="250.0">
<elevation id="000BD1FBC223B93381FB5C07FACB56E2" box="[1258,1328,628,651]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="130" unit="m" value="250.0">250 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, s.d.,
<emphasis id="B952EADAC223B933807E5C07FF0556C6" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">
<collectorName id="26D3531EC223B933807E5C07FF3956C6" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">Akiyo Naiki</collectorName>
5226
</emphasis>
(
<specimenCode id="DB809EB3C223B933841D5CEBFE5956C6" box="[268,418,664,687]" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">OSA 216324</specimenCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

462
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@ -0,0 +1,462 @@
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<mods:title id="B937419129AA63C3B88FB1F1909DE973">Cremastobombycia socoromaensis sp. nov., the first South American representative of the micromoth genus Cremastobombycia Braun (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Lithocolletinae)</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="FBBB6427322DFD41DA946697EB5D4D9F" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F9AFA0CA9086E67598C96DE85AEBEA79">
<taxonomicName id="5EA7CE12BB6869A000DE38EFDC56BBA4" authorityName="Vargas" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Cremastobombycia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="socoromaensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E865C59735F7A226CDD220F8621A10C6" italics="true">Cremastobombycia socoromaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AA10FD46D78E1490F1CF1EEB97A13FE5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C7BE643AAD3AE83A180B687D581A8C86" type="description">
<paragraph id="CEC0C67E5713E3212FAA00C80534A40D">
<figureCitation id="0BABAF884C7A5D7107FC5256F253ECA0" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Habitus of Cremastobombycia socoromaensis sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) A holotype, male B paratype, female. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1218.135606.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1182741">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="511B692387D683BFDA8910E140A6CA94" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Male genitalia and sternum VIII of Cremastobombycia socoromaensis sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) A male genitalia, phallus removed B phallus C sternum VIII D tegumen apex E phallus apex. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, B); 0.1 mm (C – E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1218.135606.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1182742">2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="AB150396E15D0AD1D4FB9CED261CC980" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Female genitalia of Cremastobombycia socoromaensis sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) A female genitalia B signum. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A); 0.1 mm (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1218.135606.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1182743">3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="F6FCDF39B373B5B2C342DD76A9B346F0" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Natural history of Cremastobombycia socoromaensis sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) A habitat at the type locality B host plant Baccharis tola (Asteraceae) C leaf mine (red arrow) on B. tola D pupal exuvium (red arrow) attached to the mine after adult emergence E artificially opened leaf mine showing a pupal cocoon (red arrow). Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1218.135606.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1182744">4</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EWKAC" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="283FCAC2F6DC6725F1506431089579E9">
<heading id="78818CD8B3E05AB45754996D00C8FCB0" reason="title">Type locality.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BDCC1D224C3054CBDFA42A7537B21885">
<collectingCountry id="DC028B17215F488C03668A1608BA21F1" name="Chile">Chile</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="5753D2B2688B53111FD2EC29069C97F1">Parinacota Province</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="9E73B13CBBD32A96BD50F9EA4BF5E513" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5C10BC46AB8B59CFAB9EAC3291CF0093:9E73B13CBBD32A96BD50F9EA4BF5E513" country="Chile" latitude="-18.289444" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-69.58667" name="Socoroma" stateProvince="Parinacota Province">Socoroma</location>
(
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0E6KAC" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[-69.586667,-18.289444]}">
<geoCoordinate id="202D990391F8FFEBED398318A0A09BB1" degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="22" value="-18.289444">18°17'22&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="1C9C3C20BDC966EEB2B09759FB58A591" degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="12" value="-69.58667">69°35'12&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
),
<quantity id="41BB928A5093A46BD5EB220BF3975DD8" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" unit="m" value="3400.0">
<elevation id="E8AD74A15701C7B11E83D61C6ACAFA43" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" unit="m" value="3400.0">3400 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elevation on the western slope of the Andes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EELAC" type="type material">
<paragraph id="450AFAD985BB753E77103D99E99BCAFB">
<heading id="F6FEB64458E41D7D955C528B71013D1B" reason="title">Type material.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="94EA60FA837BDA05F9723BEA1F94E791">
<materialsCitation id="3071F204E97F1B46AE028A09B7D72A3A" collectedFrom="ex-larva; Baccharis tola" collectingDate="2023-06-01" collectingDateMax="2023-06-30" collectingDateMin="2023-06-01" collectionCode="IDEA" collectorName="H. A. Vargas" country="Chile" elevation="3400" latitude="-18.289444" location="Socoroma" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-69.58667" specimenCode="IDEA-LEPI-2024-09, HAV-1811" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Parinacota" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="2D2BBA033757AFC8A3FAF598C9EA13AF" bold="true">
<emphasis id="D438144C74AFB4F20752100289B23ED5" bold="true" italics="true">
<typeStatus id="6EC06A199A5179CC75C43395D70D03C6" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="B177E85A8E9D2FE1C82BF86A19C09D36" name="Chile">Chile</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="24993DC3F9A987B4220EB408EA07A7D3" count="1" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="823172DEEF0FF82A012DA0D1F50D4417">Parinacota</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="EEDA8B6DEC1F239A4333B61E90CD3C5B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5C10BC46AB8B59CFAB9EAC3291CF0093:EEDA8B6DEC1F239A4333B61E90CD3C5B" country="Chile" name="Socoroma" stateProvince="Parinacota">Socoroma</location>
;
<collectingDate id="2279B47F457B9077547D23809879174A">June, 2023</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName id="08D64ADEA814CD208C556686E2AC494E">H. A. Vargas</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectedFrom id="DAFA146028923B34B52A65AA17447801">
ex-larva;
<taxonomicName id="1D186671FBBA90D1201AB675D18AED27" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tola">
<emphasis id="E1325BFBDA769C37FBDE74E81458A59E" italics="true">Baccharis tola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
; May, 2023; “ HOLOTYPE
<taxonomicName id="0A1960CF2E6C4FC72D02EB5484F7565A" authority="Vargas" authorityName="Vargas" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Cremastobombycia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="socoromaensis">
<originalDetermination id="C0846844D62212C12B9278FFF9762FC4">
<emphasis id="B805A96FA440E73FFE867544EBB00424" italics="true">Cremastobombycia socoromaensis</emphasis>
Vargas
</originalDetermination>
</taxonomicName>
” [red handwritten label];
<specimenCode id="597FF3ADBED19FC6E957DE68A26E9812">IDEA-LEPI-2024-09</specimenCode>
;
<specimenCode id="1AADA157C58DD384CA137AF6923CD34B">HAV-1811</specimenCode>
[genitalia slide] (
<collectionCode id="FB8F5A70B7467AA9192F942F790433E9" country="Chile" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/t1d4-ec1s" name="Instituto de Agronomia" type="">IDEA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="DF071EEA0A5E384DF69329334FCD1C09" collectedFrom="ex-larva; Baccharis tola" collectingDate="2023-06-01" collectingDateMax="2023-06-30" collectingDateMin="2023-06-01" collectionCode="IDEA" collectorName="H. A. Vargas" country="Chile" elevation="3400" latitude="-18.289444" location="Chile" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-69.58667" specimenCode="IDEA-LEPI-2024-10, IDEA-LEPI-2024-13, HAV-1639" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Parinacota" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B6E681FD5DEA19D120C193FCAFCD111F" bold="true">
<emphasis id="611F3082DEA6AD987E3130611880726E" bold="true" italics="true">
<typeStatus id="6EA8C878D99D81A92A3FF403F44490CF" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="D46A3F8A336C6C32CA11F527D6D9C3A0" name="Chile">Chile</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="BC132BFB1059C3EF70B5599D027F5BBC" count="2" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="BB13302259EC4424671AECDBBD4FE3D8" count="2" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
; same data as for the holotype;
<specimenCode id="0478B94C3200C7A0B6E88E3F90C86988">IDEA-LEPI-2024-10</specimenCode>
to
<specimenCode id="F91647324CE493F58B7AA7718B3779C3">IDEA-LEPI-2024-13</specimenCode>
;
<specimenCode id="01AD80F4F48004F4166F2480AACE97BD">HAV-1639</specimenCode>
, 1719, 1806, 1807 [genitalia slides] (
<collectionCode id="3B3F5AD16EAF3CF5064B17A834C7C880" country="Chile" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/t1d4-ec1s" name="Instituto de Agronomia" type="">IDEA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EJMAC" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="61C5D4AD0FE50BC1F14279DC2018C86F">
<heading id="3F3CA27D87C6FE2ED36CEFAE700CA224" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="84D2C214E649B757D4BA3C5010732C2E">
Among the currently described
<taxonomicName id="22077CA65E6AFAF03516F088A25FF8ED">
<emphasis id="D3E4700F081BC7B898EA7242D84FF8F0" italics="true">Cremastobombycia</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="19FD86B499B8EB509C305B798B0F5F99" authorityName="Vargas" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Cremastobombycia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="socoromaensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1D1C1874610E314DD2D3C589C313CF38" italics="true">C. socoromaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="10676EAB55E7315EC333B27BCD6633EA" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is recognized based on wing pattern and genitalia morphology. Male forewing (length
<quantity id="986B6A405483C73203CC1E466092030F" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="3.6" unit="mm" value="3.65" valueMax="3.7" valueMin="3.6">3.6–3.7 mm</quantity>
) is brownish-orange and bears poorly defined creamy-white markings: a short longitudinal sub-basal streak and three costal and two dorsal oblique strigulae. Although female forewing (length 3.0–
<quantity id="0E29AD81D677108772FDE9750B6AC348" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" unit="mm" value="3.1">3.1 mm</quantity>
) is also brownish-orange with a sub-basal streak similar to that of the male, the four well-defined creamy-white transverse fasciae and three well-defined dark brown spots differ from the forewing pattern of the male. Male genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="CD9F9BD581E96E4199397A8D614E05A5" authorityName="Vargas" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Cremastobombycia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="socoromaensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1B16EAAD13B483FC01207FCE8ABE9941" italics="true">C. socoromaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="61ACC93EBA919894EA1E5DD8756D04BE" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
resemble those of
<taxonomicName id="1C969D27514DC7B418D4D48A68447D61" authority="Davis, 2013" authorityName="Davis" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Cremastobombycia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chromolaenae">
<emphasis id="E21DDED59632313E2688FA682AE7962E" italics="true">C. chromolaenae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8E9BA6E62D14B9247006A79096B23269" DOI="10.18473/lepi.v67i1.a4" author="Davis DR &amp; Diaz R &amp; Overholt WA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Lepidopterists Society" pagination="35-41" refId="B6" refString="Davis DR, Diaz R, Overholt WA (2013) Systematics and biology of Cremastobombycia chromolaenae, new species (Gracillariidae), a natural enemy of Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and H. Robinson (Asteraceae). Journal of the Lepidopterists Society 67: 35 - 41. https: // doi. org / 10.18473 / lepi. v 67 i 1. a 4" title="Systematics and biology of Cremastobombycia chromolaenae, new species (Gracillariidae), a natural enemy of Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and H. Robinson (Asteraceae)." volume="67" year="2013">Davis, 2013</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingRegion id="2E3042481B1C5CB12A687A0E94412271" country="United States of America" name="Florida">Florida</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="89BBC73CF8E98695D174D7E8D10FC434" name="United States of America">United States</collectingCountry>
. However, the poorly defined longitudinal sub-basal streak on the forewing of the former clearly contrasts with the conspicuous white longitudinal streak along the basal third on the forewing of the latter (
<bibRefCitation id="3A865603001DB223623D9D45EAB5BFE4" DOI="10.18473/lepi.v67i1.a4" author="Davis" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Davis" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Lepidopterists Society" pagination="35-41" refId="B6" refString="Davis DR, Diaz R, Overholt WA (2013) Systematics and biology of Cremastobombycia chromolaenae, new species (Gracillariidae), a natural enemy of Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and H. Robinson (Asteraceae). Journal of the Lepidopterists Society 67: 35–41. https://doi.org/10.18473/lepi.v67i1.a4" title="Systematics and biology of Cremastobombycia chromolaenae, new species (Gracillariidae), a natural enemy of Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and H. Robinson (Asteraceae)." volume="67" year="2013">Davis et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
, figs 2, 3). Furthermore, the posterior projection of the tegumen, the straight margin between the lobes of the transtilla, the vesica with a cornutus in the male genitalia, and the diamond-shaped signum with a transverse fold in the female genitalia allow the recognition of
<taxonomicName id="A55620C9D80D165F22552CC2534F41F6" authorityName="Vargas" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Cremastobombycia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="socoromaensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="95767C51ACA93AEF4F833A5E508791DF" italics="true">C. socoromaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="73956BE715F83B77239B649499BF5161" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
; as in the male genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="989EE117899B5847B0ED32765E22043D" authorityName="Davis" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Cremastobombycia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chromolaenae">
<emphasis id="41B19ABA0DD2C84F03FBBBA80FB80C39" italics="true">C. chromolaenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the tegumen lacks a posterior projection, the margin between the lobes of the transtilla is concave, and the vesica lacks a cornutus (
<bibRefCitation id="395A70A14B9AADDE93F2FC1D1B18508A" DOI="10.18473/lepi.v67i1.a4" author="Davis" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Davis" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Lepidopterists Society" pagination="35-41" refId="B6" refString="Davis DR, Diaz R, Overholt WA (2013) Systematics and biology of Cremastobombycia chromolaenae, new species (Gracillariidae), a natural enemy of Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and H. Robinson (Asteraceae). Journal of the Lepidopterists Society 67: 35–41. https://doi.org/10.18473/lepi.v67i1.a4" title="Systematics and biology of Cremastobombycia chromolaenae, new species (Gracillariidae), a natural enemy of Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and H. Robinson (Asteraceae)." volume="67" year="2013">Davis et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
, figs 6, 8), and the female genitalia have a strongly bilobed signum (
<bibRefCitation id="FE9E3E25ADFD01DCFA1FDC1C58E04CA5" DOI="10.18473/lepi.v67i1.a4" author="Davis" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Davis" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Lepidopterists Society" pagination="35-41" refId="B6" refString="Davis DR, Diaz R, Overholt WA (2013) Systematics and biology of Cremastobombycia chromolaenae, new species (Gracillariidae), a natural enemy of Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and H. Robinson (Asteraceae). Journal of the Lepidopterists Society 67: 35–41. https://doi.org/10.18473/lepi.v67i1.a4" title="Systematics and biology of Cremastobombycia chromolaenae, new species (Gracillariidae), a natural enemy of Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and H. Robinson (Asteraceae)." volume="67" year="2013">Davis et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
, figs 9–12). The transverse fold of the signum in the female genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="6E2EE105C3DFC168F6D8D2D1737DBD79" authorityName="Vargas" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Cremastobombycia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="socoromaensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="86CA0FD23A3B58C91471BFD24A9E5048" italics="true">C. socoromaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="46AD0A22F3B5EBE280F91F2844FF9669" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
resembles that of
<taxonomicName id="D1AF8BCAD39CD6C4A6B61EEE05BC5A69" authorityName="Busck" authorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Cremastobombycia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lantanella">
<emphasis id="BAFBE25C12EB7157E0AEF85B904436DE" italics="true">C. lantanella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="87E222A99E4898D3A40690E8F2C83724" DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4575.1.1" author="De Prins" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="De Prins" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pagination="1-110" refId="B9" refString="De Prins J, Arévalo-Maldonado H, Davis DR, Landry B, Vargas HA, Davis MM, Brito R, Fochezato J, Oshima I, Moreira GRP (2019) An illustrated catalogue of the Neotropical Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera) with new data on primary types. Zootaxa 4575: 1–110. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4575.1.1" title="An illustrated catalogue of the Neotropical Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera) with new data on primary types." volume="4575" year="2019">De Prins et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 436). However, in clear contrast with the male genitalia of the former, those of
<taxonomicName id="96721DFCDFEE32F1CDA0F34E0D930F17" authorityName="Busck" authorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Cremastobombycia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lantanella">
<emphasis id="34D3BA1A4C9E08F837F0E7E5E1F9FB3E" italics="true">C. lantanella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lack a posterior projection of the tegumen, have the saccus shorter than the vinculum width, and lack a cornutus on the vesica (
<bibRefCitation id="D98E39E7976A1C4EA12555D594C647D1" DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4575.1.1" author="De Prins" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="De Prins" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pagination="1-110" refId="B9" refString="De Prins J, Arévalo-Maldonado H, Davis DR, Landry B, Vargas HA, Davis MM, Brito R, Fochezato J, Oshima I, Moreira GRP (2019) An illustrated catalogue of the Neotropical Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera) with new data on primary types. Zootaxa 4575: 1–110. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4575.1.1" title="An illustrated catalogue of the Neotropical Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera) with new data on primary types." volume="4575" year="2019">De Prins et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 374).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EDAAE" type="description">
<paragraph id="940D5703FF40830CF9F6663376797180">
<heading id="715F76B031F1E6CC2130FBF8F6B37695" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC599ECF2913DE28C75D90DED79931F5">
<emphasis id="90AA403FF2F3D6EB4D1025A1637B2288" bold="true">Male</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="57A28FDFFE820E3BB43049DBC71372A5" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Habitus of Cremastobombycia socoromaensis sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) A holotype, male B paratype, female. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1218.135606.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1182741">1 A</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="CD08EEEAA68E07EA91CF56133E10BF91" bold="true">
<emphasis id="37956D907014168A6302793D44646249" bold="true" italics="true">Head</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Vertex with narrow, elongate, raised scales, mostly brownish-orange and a few dark brown; frons with narrow, elongate, smooth brownish-orange scales. Antenna filiform, slightly shorter than forewing, silvery-gray, scape with pecten. Labial palpus straight, drooping, silvery-gray.
<emphasis id="3A00D543D1AAA8C4FA2FC1F1C900C851" bold="true" italics="true">Thorax</emphasis>
(forewing length
<quantity id="F02C4AC8C586280F90E60307BE30D1A1" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="3.6" unit="mm" value="3.65" valueMax="3.7" valueMin="3.6">3.6–3.7 mm</quantity>
). Mostly brownish-orange with scattered creamy-white dorsally; silvery-gray ventrally; legs silvery-gray. Forewing brownish-orange with poorly defined creamy-white markings, including a short longitudinal sub-basal streak and three costal and two dorsal oblique strigulae; first two costal strigulae arising before the middle, third one arising near the apex; dorsal strigulae arising near the middle; scattered dark brown scales between the two dorsal strigulae and between the second dorsal and the third costal strigulae; fringe brownish-orange. Hindwing uniformly gray with gray fringe.
<emphasis id="73C4A38024D5475048A7619D70E250BC" bold="true">
<emphasis id="30C8318FE80742F5223D1594078761E0" bold="true" italics="true">Abdomen</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Mostly gray with scattered creamy-white scales; sternum VIII flap-like, elongate.
<emphasis id="E2588E9BAD6957EEFE746C3C8FBF4B2B" bold="true" italics="true">Male genitalia</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="DC8EC7656CA6B5773328E1764E00B786" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Male genitalia and sternum VIII of Cremastobombycia socoromaensis sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) A male genitalia, phallus removed B phallus C sternum VIII D tegumen apex E phallus apex. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, B); 0.1 mm (C – E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1218.135606.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1182742">2</figureCitation>
). Tegumen with narrow arms slightly widened on dorsal half, with flat, somewhat triangular posterior projection bearing eight elongate setae near apex. Vinculum U-shaped. Saccus a narrow, elongate, slightly sinuous rod. Subscaphium a narrow, poorly sclerotized longitudinal stripe ending in a broad patch of microtrichiae. Juxta a broad, poorly sclerotized plate joined to posterior margin of vinculum by a narrow stripe. Transtilla well-differentiated with two widely separated lobes on anterior margin. Valva elongate, slender, length about 1.5 times the saccus; dorsal margin slightly convex near tip; ventral margin mostly straight; apex widely rounded; median surface with dense patch of stout setae on distal third. Phallus cylindrical, straight, about twice the saccus length; coecum about a third the phallus length; a narrow cleft on distal third with two small spine-like projections on opposed margins; vesica with a narrow, elongate cornutus; ductus ejaculatorius with a ring-shaped sclerite near the tip of the coecum.
</paragraph>
<caption id="5787AF2942EA7E3E399F20E77651782A" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1218.135606.figure1" ID-arpha="67264FB0-AC36-524E-B254-1C92191A1773" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1182741" startId="F1">
<paragraph id="E83B0ECBF94F1A15996B6633F3A8A2EF">
<label id="5280A49F9AAA8A2817DC3E86A5DFA658">Figure 1.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F6ABDA0BCAB50D256288AA03991387C">
Habitus of
<taxonomicName id="36A2C8C12C60B38C22D83C380305FF36" authorityName="Vargas" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Cremastobombycia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="socoromaensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3AA66CA9859B37D383B4BB16ED1B09F7" italics="true">Cremastobombycia socoromaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="26DD049D8824B390658014D4CB1F81D7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<taxonomicName id="5CAFE4DD542265A340CAC47DA46D6FA1" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="F533ED808AB4E9B9B4BB9D80DE6FE627" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gracillariidae</taxonomicName>
)
<emphasis id="9DE2AFC5E1B187A733B572276ACBC3AE" bold="true">A</emphasis>
holotype, male
<emphasis id="01A8605E8E5E9E05E0B10B03141E404B" bold="true">B</emphasis>
paratype, female. Scale bars: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="9EE37CC1CAA8790A2262004917E56848" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1218.135606.figure2" ID-arpha="B9F1016D-6A0A-5038-AB7B-3155EFC1D3EE" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1182742" startId="F2">
<paragraph id="533D63EFA9D8B1A589141115FDFF3904">
<label id="A6F6823FDC96F91EB8C50EFD2069D859">Figure 2.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA9876585E46E8238231966D89F24D3A">
Male genitalia and sternum VIII of
<taxonomicName id="3A89238CD4D56F0C3CE04034E5CD4512" authorityName="Vargas" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Cremastobombycia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="socoromaensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="2086D1A7ADD54549C08A347DEED623B6" italics="true">Cremastobombycia socoromaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EDC84FB756FB003300A3904250B7600C" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<taxonomicName id="39D4CDFD679D8CAC0886537A6FF4F9B2" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="94A111A9E0453EFC69C5735C5114623E" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gracillariidae</taxonomicName>
)
<emphasis id="348D3210E112AE5D3BD29025134F9D86" bold="true">A</emphasis>
male genitalia, phallus removed
<emphasis id="8FFE4A5EB34DFA6DFB3085BC2210E3F4" bold="true">B</emphasis>
phallus
<emphasis id="964842EE0AC57111FE8A27EC13A81445" bold="true">C</emphasis>
sternum VIII
<emphasis id="40181D9EB68F50E5A0FB32D3F9CD1EFD" bold="true">D</emphasis>
tegumen apex
<emphasis id="28884600DFEAA59B756AACA6038DD1E4" bold="true">E</emphasis>
phallus apex. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (
<emphasis id="0F30300DC17C9D18C9E7CD3C86AA30F3" bold="true">A, B</emphasis>
); 0.1 mm (
<emphasis id="C96D00567B9E32FE0381622407A7DB1E" bold="true">C – E</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="5D084B90A64B7AF959A23519BE3AA922">
<emphasis id="F0D72139B213608DDAF42D265CCC879F" bold="true">Female</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="B978F8E80C01FFFC01ACC1C463CEB73E" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Habitus of Cremastobombycia socoromaensis sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) A holotype, male B paratype, female. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1218.135606.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1182741">1 B</figureCitation>
). Mostly similar to male, except for forewing length (3.0–
<quantity id="1EA85436C05C0E8C38FDD298D5798CDA" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" unit="mm" value="3.1">3.1 mm</quantity>
) and maculation pattern; mostly brownish-orange with a poorly defined, short creamy-white longitudinal sub-basal streak and four well-defined creamy-white transverse fasciae, the first one convex, the three other straight; a small dark brown spot on the middle of the outer margin of the first fascia; a great dark brown spot between the outer margin of the second and the inner margin of the third fasciae and between the outer margin of the third and the inner margin of the fourth fasciae; a small dark brown spot on the outer margin of the fourth fascia.
<emphasis id="0DB2ADC6768CC73A6AA3B5EC3BC2F5E5" bold="true" italics="true">Female genitalia</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="1FDC7A28F8DF35F924152215BF030F2F" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Female genitalia of Cremastobombycia socoromaensis sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) A female genitalia B signum. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A); 0.1 mm (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1218.135606.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1182743">3</figureCitation>
). Papillae anales flattened, bearing long setae mostly near posterior margin. Posterior apophyses straight, slightly longer than posterior margin of papillae anales. Anterior apophyses dorsally curved, length similar to posterior apophyses. Ostium near the posterior margin of sternum VII. Ductus bursae membranous, narrow, about three times the posterior apophyses length; ductus seminalis arising near the posterior third of ductus bursae. Corpus bursae membranous, oval, about half the length of ductus bursae; signum a slightly sclerotized diamond-shaped plate on posterior half of corpus bursae with a well-sclerotized semicircular serrated transverse fold near the middle.
</paragraph>
<caption id="CFEFDEEE94AB2FFFAB0A2B0BA015B58D" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1218.135606.figure3" ID-arpha="14DE8904-97B8-5888-851F-7C28F5FDE174" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1182743" startId="F3">
<paragraph id="201FB63A03DFABD9E58143C4360FF598">
<label id="CF47CC62BE04CDB9286FE7C8CCBE10BE">Figure 3.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D1F496A3B472560C519C7133D90B3A49">
Female genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="422E41D01958BF4DC08A3B5289D454ED" authorityName="Vargas" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Cremastobombycia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="socoromaensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="CAB7B2D7F83FD0709243FE631043F039" italics="true">Cremastobombycia socoromaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01EF48D8E56DDBFBCC22C5895C116476" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<taxonomicName id="B5F572E01B4DEE6B422FBA6362031BE6" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="3B535FB9003540E30372140CE0D08C5C" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gracillariidae</taxonomicName>
)
<emphasis id="2344FDE979F9106C5A3EDFE78B4C8D3D" bold="true">A</emphasis>
female genitalia
<emphasis id="5E2BB29F00A6238CB7C204768839CC44" bold="true">B</emphasis>
signum. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (
<emphasis id="58B2AEFFDA30ECDB7031B91BCFF152DD" bold="true">A</emphasis>
); 0.1 mm (
<emphasis id="16502559E0E5124AA3B98C325B27E0B6" bold="true">B</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EQFAE" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="730F84B3A1634080B5EE1D6AEDE3CC96">
<heading id="2A1818A28FC9BDA7A234EFF80EB6ECDF" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="16E0E01D73A0D4D92D6F782CB273183D">The specific epithet is derived from the type locality.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EVFAE" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="248717C3A36D565DC6A555FF0379D327">
<heading id="4752B7A9C923083B82D38C55C5CD2C5E" reason="title">Distribution</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="768059C562D12AD2905890C7B828C544">
<emphasis id="69710CF68FB6DD4935381959C58DFAFC" bold="true">
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="2F6BAE4BDE24B47F42932A3AAF270A6D" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Natural history of Cremastobombycia socoromaensis sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) A habitat at the type locality B host plant Baccharis tola (Asteraceae) C leaf mine (red arrow) on B. tola D pupal exuvium (red arrow) attached to the mine after adult emergence E artificially opened leaf mine showing a pupal cocoon (red arrow). Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1218.135606.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1182744">4 A</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
The currently documented range of
<taxonomicName id="C0FE26F9C762CC1A1CF46F9346F5784C" authorityName="Vargas" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Cremastobombycia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="socoromaensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5997AE2E78205D9A3B2356A543B98333" italics="true">C. socoromaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6470D65DB7C1405EC1C353B9F0422C62" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is restricted to the type locality in the surroundings of Socoroma Village, at about
<quantity id="E55665605C4211100A2636490FC28E58" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" unit="m" value="3400.0">3400 m</quantity>
elevation on the western slope of the Andes in the Parinacota Province of northern
<collectingCountry id="59CFAE33B3AED67E03E8399EE1AE0C4F" name="Chile">Chile</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="07284E824A36E0B6A1CCC188BD16E4E0" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1218.135606.figure4" ID-arpha="1C32EDA2-F80C-5223-B18A-F566E2869C37" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1182744" startId="F4">
<paragraph id="0E2EE84AFC0308171E25091812EF05BA">
<label id="5A63F2A0CEDD447FC640903EEE534C91">Figure 4.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C0819D55C5D310DA72899BC337911119">
Natural history of
<taxonomicName id="3A689EE51ECA0F79C66D82E8BD7FFAC7" authorityName="Vargas" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Cremastobombycia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="socoromaensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D26D2812FDA6616AB70F40D21E7AAD9E" italics="true">Cremastobombycia socoromaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B1C562DC697A4969A808A51CB2BB5C50" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<taxonomicName id="418AED503484B0268F39F27669AB74DF" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="172985BD437B37ADA30BED5ED517BFDD" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gracillariidae</taxonomicName>
)
<emphasis id="A928ACA9F212F3FCF422DC67221B3DCF" bold="true">A</emphasis>
habitat at the type locality
<emphasis id="69633770DC75FB308D82D8BF9BD839E1" bold="true">B</emphasis>
host plant
<taxonomicName id="C1F0EBDAAEEA67673E37D43F629E4323" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tola">
<emphasis id="65E0F125CDCA5D4855F8F22401E070CD" italics="true">Baccharis tola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="69035DE08E6D5E67F9C046BA6966C773" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
)
<emphasis id="2B39E4A54214439CDFBE1DCFDE609A42" bold="true">C</emphasis>
leaf mine (red arrow) on
<taxonomicName id="AC7D2F09B131F771905121080E83AF43" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tola">
<emphasis id="7ADFE200922215D1CB2AB2D63741CB50" italics="true">B. tola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="1A97290BCB7BAAB21697BEAF2A1BA674" bold="true">D</emphasis>
pupal exuvium (red arrow) attached to the mine after adult emergence
<emphasis id="3768425D67A94F447F06B805E4E5D330" bold="true">E</emphasis>
artificially opened leaf mine showing a pupal cocoon (red arrow). Scale bars: 5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EUIAE" type="host">
<paragraph id="3177999163AE64021859EFBD12026FBD">
<heading id="DAECC9F540D5F748FEF42421967D568F" reason="title">Host plant</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C9063B2EADAA6F0BB6AE9D7BC6C6A2F2">
<emphasis id="6FB893A17F203B3E6252CE9837655609" bold="true">
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="4C257D5A7511A7B946EF6956BF59F485" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Natural history of Cremastobombycia socoromaensis sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) A habitat at the type locality B host plant Baccharis tola (Asteraceae) C leaf mine (red arrow) on B. tola D pupal exuvium (red arrow) attached to the mine after adult emergence E artificially opened leaf mine showing a pupal cocoon (red arrow). Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1218.135606.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1182744">4 B</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0F3A7932BB6163048ABA3FF1B592C116" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tola">
<emphasis id="28D49A34BAE744DEF037F291E6E59A97" italics="true">Baccharis tola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only host plant currently recorded for
<taxonomicName id="AB010DF5D397FC7F6F032BF2AB60881E" authorityName="Vargas" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Cremastobombycia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="socoromaensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DA34089539E4A25EBE809EB07DB0849C" italics="true">C. socoromaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="41FB888C3B03CCAE64210718CCDC3CB7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
This shrub, native to
<collectingCountry id="9B434375BECCF5A61CDD191542925C61" name="Argentina">Argentina</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="8D89EB3A13F7170783CBB1C287F32B4E" name="Bolivia">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="2BB33AC69F5C612B0D633DF2FD3A8651" name="Chile">Chile</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="B6206E8C8FBBB7C77B0B2CDADEDFF220" name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E29B924B593BA67352065FC3F46F4E83" refId="B13" refString="POWO (2024) Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/ [Retrieved 21 August 2024]" url="https://powo.science.kew.org/" year="2024">POWO 2024</bibRefCitation>
), is used for medicinal purposes (
<bibRefCitation id="DB9670AED4BCEC4BC69910DEDE7FFEF1" DOI="10.4067/S0717-73562003000100005" author="Villagran" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Villagran" journalOrPublisher="Chungara (Arica)" pagination="73-124" refId="B17" refString="Villagrán C, Romo M, Castro V (2003) Etnobotánica del sur de los Andes de la Primera Región de Chile: Un enlace entre las culturas altiplánicas y las de quebradas altas del Loa superior. Chungara (Arica) 35: 73–124. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-73562003000100005" title="Etnobotánica del sur de los Andes de la Primera Región de Chile: Un enlace entre las culturas altiplánicas y las de quebradas altas del Loa superior." volume="35" year="2003">Villagrán et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
). In northern
<collectingCountry id="6B9B56536ACC9F131ABE8A86B8923AC0" name="Chile">Chile</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="B3206E1A03A54AD0CB60129DAFF14EAF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tola">
<emphasis id="FABEC59A1033901AE424390724743889" italics="true">B. tola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inhabits the highlands of the Andes between about
<quantity id="3A39F3CBFFF408F06C873894768348DD" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="m" value="3400.0" valueMax="4800.0" valueMin="2000.0">2000–4800 m</quantity>
elevation (
<bibRefCitation id="BDCD9E7F8F2D02F3D5995FD76CE8BC52" DOI="10.4067/S0717-66432018000100001" author="Rodriguez" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Rodriguez" journalOrPublisher="Botánica" pagination="1-430" refId="B14" refString="Rodriguez R, Marticorena C, Alarcón D, Baeza C, Cavieres L, Finot VL, Fuentes N, Kiessling A, Mihoc M, Pauchard A, Ruiz E, Sanchez P, Marticorena A (2018) Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Chile. Gayana. Botánica 75: 1–430. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-66432018000100001" title="Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Chile. Gayana." volume="75" year="2018">Rodriguez et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EOKAE" type="natural history">
<paragraph id="0A655DAEE5DF34E9B7E3AB4CE81CFA45">
<heading id="179731BF9F95D6D0834F1C668C842301" reason="title">Natural history</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B468B98366F0CD5F29447B73328D9B8">
<emphasis id="B2A8B5A57D12251501559E2266467444" bold="true">
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="7887EDBBC03AB24033388A151499D231" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Natural history of Cremastobombycia socoromaensis sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) A habitat at the type locality B host plant Baccharis tola (Asteraceae) C leaf mine (red arrow) on B. tola D pupal exuvium (red arrow) attached to the mine after adult emergence E artificially opened leaf mine showing a pupal cocoon (red arrow). Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1218.135606.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1182744">4 C – E</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Eggs of
<taxonomicName id="E6402D3E64957B6B101B8F0237BD19EA" authorityName="Vargas" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Cremastobombycia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="socoromaensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E94ECBCC6A4AB5425D963DBAF7973D7A" italics="true">C. socoromaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="44C45EB5BA0FCE360B1B84827CA6B386" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
are laid individually mainly on the adaxial surface of the leaf. Larva and pupa are endophytic. The hypermetamorphic larval development includes early sap-feeding and later tissue-feeding forms. The bulged, elongate mature mine occupies a large proportion of the leaf. The last instar tissue-feeding larva constructs a loose, smooth, cylindrical silk cocoon for pupation attached to the mine by anterior and posterior ends. The cocoon and the mine surface are pierced by the frontal process of the pupa to allow the adult emergence.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>