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+
+
+
+A new species of Smilax (Smilacaceae) from southern islands of Kagoshima prefecture, Japan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Qi, Zhe-Chen
+College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China. & Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, Hangzhou 310018, China.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Shen, Chao
+College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China. & Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, Hangzhou 310018, China.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Han, Yu-Wei
+College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China. & Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, Hangzhou 310018, China.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Wang, Rui-Hong
+College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China. & Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, Hangzhou 310018, China.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Liu, Rui-Zheng
+College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China. & Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, Hangzhou 310018, China.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Naiki, Akiyo
+Iriomote Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, 870 Uehara, Taketomi-cho, Yaeyama-gun, Okinawa, 907 - 1541, Japan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Li, Pan
+The Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, and Laboratory of Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
+
+text
+
+
+Phytotaxa
+
+
+2016
+
+2016-08-03
+
+
+269
+
+
+2
+
+
+128
+130
+
+
+
+
+http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.269.2.7
+
+journal article
+10.11646/phytotaxa.269.2.7
+1179-3163
+13666202
+
+
+
+
+
+Smilax fui
+Z.C. Qi & P. Li
+
+,
+
+sp. nov.
+
+(
+Fig. 1
+)
+
+
+
+
+The new species resembles to
+
+S. ligneoriparia
+Fu & Li
+
+in possessing herbaceous leaves, a prickleless woody stem, compressed peduncle and bronze-colored tendrils, but differs in having cordate leaf blades and greenish tepals (vs. light pink). This species is also similar to
+
+Smilax japonica
+Li & Fu (2013: 58)
+
+in having cordate leaf blades, flattened bronze tendrils, and prickless slender stem, but differs in having free tepals (vs. fused tepals), non-glaucous lower leaf surface (vs. glaucous), and deciduous habit (vs. evergreen).
+
+
+
+
+Type
+:—
+
+JAPAN
+.
+Kagoshima prefecture
+:
+south slope of Mt. Yagura, Kuroshima Island
+,
+
+400 m
+
+, 129°56’ 10–20”E, 30°49’05–15”N,
+
+29 March, 2003
+
+, Fl.,
+
+Shinji Fujii
+9380
+
+(
+holotype
+,
+OSA 213030
+!)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Perennial woody vine, climbing with tendrils. Stems terete, with numerous secondary branches and no prickles, green, lustrous, smooth. Petioles
+1.2–3.8 cm
+long, narrowly winged for 1/10 to 1/3 of their length; abscission zone subapical; stipular tendrils well developed, green when young, then becoming bronze-colored at maturity. Leaf blades ovate to oblong with acuminate apex, and shallow to deep cordate at base,
+5.7–18 cm
+long,
+3.3–12.7 cm
+wide, herbaceous, green and glossy above and beneath, primary veins 7–9, the outer 4 less prominent, sometimes the outermost 2 barely noticeable. Inflorescence of 1 umbel, borne in leaf axil; peduncle
+1.8–3 cm
+long, straight, slightly compressed; umbel 7- to 30-flowered, hemispherical or spherical, base slightly thickened, globose,
+2–3 mm
+in diameter. Pistillate flowers borne on pedicels
+4.5–16 mm
+long; buds yellowish-green, green and recurved in full bloome, tepals 6, elliptic to oblong, 3.0–4.0 mm long, 1.0–
+1.5 mm
+wide, 1-veined, inner tepals slightly narrower than outer. Berries 5.0–10.0 mm in diameter, presumably red at maturity (based on
+S. Fujii 10042
+, OSA; fresh fruits not seen). Flowering in March, fruiting in November.
+
+
+
+
+FIGURE 1.
+Illustration of
+
+Smilax fui
+Z.C.Qi & P.Li
+
+: A, fertile branch with pistillate inflorescence; B, fruits; C, pistillate flower; D, adaxial (above) and abaxial (below) surface of leaf with tendrils.
+
+
+
+
+Etymology
+:—The specific epithet honors Chengxin Fu of
+Zhejiang
+University,
+China
+, for his great contribution and dedication to the study of cosmopolitan
+Smilacaceae
+.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution, habitat, and conservation
+:—
+
+Smilax fui
+
+is an insular species currently known only from Kuroshima and Nakanoshima islands in
+Kagoshima
+,
+Japan
+. It grows on mountain slope from
+250–400 m
+near the edge of evergreen broad-leaved forests (e.g.
+
+Castanopsis
+
+,
+
+Cyclobalanopsis
+
+and
+
+Pleioblastus
+
+).
+Shiuchi (1995)
+listed it as
+
+Smilax
+sp.
+
+and pointed out as “further study is needed” in his
+Flora of Tokara Archipelago
+.
+Fujii (2006)
+commented it as a possible new taxon or unrecorded species in
+Japan
+of his collection in Kuroshima Island. Now only
+four specimen
+sheets were designate to this new taxon. Such a few specimen records may indicate the rarity of
+
+S. fui
+
+. These two species have not only common characters in morphology, but also similar habitat conditions (both in broad-leave evergreen forests). The disjunct distribution of
+
+S. fui
+
+and
+
+S. ligneoriparia
+
+indicates that the two species might be relicts from the late Tertiary period of Sino-Japanese flora. Further studies and attempts at conservation should focus on this interesting new and rare species.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Further specimens seen (
+paratypes
+)
+
+:—
+JAPAN
+.
+Kagoshima prefecture
+:
+Mishima-mura
+,
+Kuroshima Island
+,
+south slope of Mt. Yagura
+,
+
+400 m
+
+, 129°56’ 10–20”E, 30°49’05–15”N,
+
+30 December 2003
+
+,
+
+Shinji Fujii
+10042
+
+, Fr.,
+Shinji Fujii 10043
+(
+OSA 217361
+!,
+OSA 217363
+!)
+
+;
+
+Toshima-mura
+,
+Nakanoshima Island
+,
+northeast side of Mt. Otake
+,
+
+250 m
+
+, s.d.,
+
+Akiyo Naiki
+5226
+
+(
+OSA 216324
+!)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/5C/10/BC/5C10BC46AB8B59CFAB9EAC3291CF0093.xml b/data/5C/10/BC/5C10BC46AB8B59CFAB9EAC3291CF0093.xml
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+
+
+
+Cremastobombycia socoromaensis sp. nov., the first South American representative of the micromoth genus Cremastobombycia Braun (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Lithocolletinae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Vargas, Héctor A.
+0000-0002-5355-3157
+Departamento de Recursos Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
+
+text
+
+
+ZooKeys
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-25
+
+
+1218
+
+
+333
+342
+
+
+
+journal article
+10.3897/zookeys.1218.135606
+B380D04E-4E3F-48F2-AFB2-939624608642
+
+
+
+
+
+Cremastobombycia socoromaensis
+
+sp. nov.
+
+
+
+
+Figs 1
+,
+2
+,
+3
+,
+4
+
+
+
+
+Type locality.
+
+
+Chile
+,
+Parinacota Province
+,
+Socoroma
+(
+
+18°17'22"S
+,
+69°35'12"W
+
+),
+
+3400 m
+
+elevation on the western slope of the Andes.
+
+
+
+
+Type material.
+
+
+
+
+
+Holotype
+
+.
+
+Chile
+•
+♂
+;
+Parinacota
+,
+Socoroma
+;
+June, 2023
+;
+H. A. Vargas
+leg.;
+
+ex-larva;
+
+Baccharis tola
+
+
+; May, 2023; “ HOLOTYPE
+
+
+Cremastobombycia socoromaensis
+Vargas
+
+
+” [red handwritten label];
+IDEA-LEPI-2024-09
+;
+HAV-1811
+[genitalia slide] (
+IDEA
+)
+
+.
+
+
+
+Paratypes
+
+.
+
+Chile
+•
+2 ♂
+2 ♀
+; same data as for the holotype;
+IDEA-LEPI-2024-10
+to
+IDEA-LEPI-2024-13
+;
+HAV-1639
+, 1719, 1806, 1807 [genitalia slides] (
+IDEA
+)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis.
+
+
+Among the currently described
+
+Cremastobombycia
+species
+
+,
+
+C. socoromaensis
+
+sp. nov.
+is recognized based on wing pattern and genitalia morphology. Male forewing (length
+3.6–3.7 mm
+) is brownish-orange and bears poorly defined creamy-white markings: a short longitudinal sub-basal streak and three costal and two dorsal oblique strigulae. Although female forewing (length 3.0–
+3.1 mm
+) is also brownish-orange with a sub-basal streak similar to that of the male, the four well-defined creamy-white transverse fasciae and three well-defined dark brown spots differ from the forewing pattern of the male. Male genitalia of
+
+C. socoromaensis
+
+sp. nov.
+resemble those of
+
+C. chromolaenae
+Davis, 2013
+
+from
+Florida
+,
+United States
+. However, the poorly defined longitudinal sub-basal streak on the forewing of the former clearly contrasts with the conspicuous white longitudinal streak along the basal third on the forewing of the latter (
+Davis et al. 2013
+, figs 2, 3). Furthermore, the posterior projection of the tegumen, the straight margin between the lobes of the transtilla, the vesica with a cornutus in the male genitalia, and the diamond-shaped signum with a transverse fold in the female genitalia allow the recognition of
+
+C. socoromaensis
+
+sp. nov.
+; as in the male genitalia of
+
+C. chromolaenae
+
+the tegumen lacks a posterior projection, the margin between the lobes of the transtilla is concave, and the vesica lacks a cornutus (
+Davis et al. 2013
+, figs 6, 8), and the female genitalia have a strongly bilobed signum (
+Davis et al. 2013
+, figs 9–12). The transverse fold of the signum in the female genitalia of
+
+C. socoromaensis
+
+sp. nov.
+resembles that of
+
+C. lantanella
+
+(
+De Prins et al. 2019
+, fig. 436). However, in clear contrast with the male genitalia of the former, those of
+
+C. lantanella
+
+lack a posterior projection of the tegumen, have the saccus shorter than the vinculum width, and lack a cornutus on the vesica (
+De Prins et al. 2019
+, fig. 374).
+
+
+
+
+Description.
+
+
+Male
+(Fig.
+1 A
+).
+
+Head
+.
+
+Vertex with narrow, elongate, raised scales, mostly brownish-orange and a few dark brown; frons with narrow, elongate, smooth brownish-orange scales. Antenna filiform, slightly shorter than forewing, silvery-gray, scape with pecten. Labial palpus straight, drooping, silvery-gray.
+Thorax
+(forewing length
+3.6–3.7 mm
+). Mostly brownish-orange with scattered creamy-white dorsally; silvery-gray ventrally; legs silvery-gray. Forewing brownish-orange with poorly defined creamy-white markings, including a short longitudinal sub-basal streak and three costal and two dorsal oblique strigulae; first two costal strigulae arising before the middle, third one arising near the apex; dorsal strigulae arising near the middle; scattered dark brown scales between the two dorsal strigulae and between the second dorsal and the third costal strigulae; fringe brownish-orange. Hindwing uniformly gray with gray fringe.
+
+Abdomen
+.
+
+Mostly gray with scattered creamy-white scales; sternum VIII flap-like, elongate.
+Male genitalia
+(Fig.
+2
+). Tegumen with narrow arms slightly widened on dorsal half, with flat, somewhat triangular posterior projection bearing eight elongate setae near apex. Vinculum U-shaped. Saccus a narrow, elongate, slightly sinuous rod. Subscaphium a narrow, poorly sclerotized longitudinal stripe ending in a broad patch of microtrichiae. Juxta a broad, poorly sclerotized plate joined to posterior margin of vinculum by a narrow stripe. Transtilla well-differentiated with two widely separated lobes on anterior margin. Valva elongate, slender, length about 1.5 times the saccus; dorsal margin slightly convex near tip; ventral margin mostly straight; apex widely rounded; median surface with dense patch of stout setae on distal third. Phallus cylindrical, straight, about twice the saccus length; coecum about a third the phallus length; a narrow cleft on distal third with two small spine-like projections on opposed margins; vesica with a narrow, elongate cornutus; ductus ejaculatorius with a ring-shaped sclerite near the tip of the coecum.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Habitus of
+
+Cremastobombycia socoromaensis
+
+sp. nov.
+(
+Lepidoptera
+,
+Gracillariidae
+)
+A
+holotype, male
+B
+paratype, female. Scale bars: 1 mm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Male genitalia and sternum VIII of
+
+Cremastobombycia socoromaensis
+
+sp. nov.
+(
+Lepidoptera
+,
+Gracillariidae
+)
+A
+male genitalia, phallus removed
+B
+phallus
+C
+sternum VIII
+D
+tegumen apex
+E
+phallus apex. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (
+A, B
+); 0.1 mm (
+C – E
+).
+
+
+
+Female
+(Fig.
+1 B
+). Mostly similar to male, except for forewing length (3.0–
+3.1 mm
+) and maculation pattern; mostly brownish-orange with a poorly defined, short creamy-white longitudinal sub-basal streak and four well-defined creamy-white transverse fasciae, the first one convex, the three other straight; a small dark brown spot on the middle of the outer margin of the first fascia; a great dark brown spot between the outer margin of the second and the inner margin of the third fasciae and between the outer margin of the third and the inner margin of the fourth fasciae; a small dark brown spot on the outer margin of the fourth fascia.
+Female genitalia
+(Fig.
+3
+). Papillae anales flattened, bearing long setae mostly near posterior margin. Posterior apophyses straight, slightly longer than posterior margin of papillae anales. Anterior apophyses dorsally curved, length similar to posterior apophyses. Ostium near the posterior margin of sternum VII. Ductus bursae membranous, narrow, about three times the posterior apophyses length; ductus seminalis arising near the posterior third of ductus bursae. Corpus bursae membranous, oval, about half the length of ductus bursae; signum a slightly sclerotized diamond-shaped plate on posterior half of corpus bursae with a well-sclerotized semicircular serrated transverse fold near the middle.
+
+
+
+
+
+Etymology.
+
+The specific epithet is derived from the type locality.
+
+
+
+Distribution
+
+
+
+(Fig.
+4 A
+).
+
+The currently documented range of
+
+C. socoromaensis
+
+sp. nov.
+is restricted to the type locality in the surroundings of Socoroma Village, at about
+3400 m
+elevation on the western slope of the Andes in the Parinacota Province of northern
+Chile
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Natural history of
+
+Cremastobombycia socoromaensis
+
+sp. nov.
+(
+Lepidoptera
+,
+Gracillariidae
+)
+A
+habitat at the type locality
+B
+host plant
+
+Baccharis tola
+
+(
+Asteraceae
+)
+C
+leaf mine (red arrow) on
+
+B. tola
+
+D
+pupal exuvium (red arrow) attached to the mine after adult emergence
+E
+artificially opened leaf mine showing a pupal cocoon (red arrow). Scale bars: 5 mm.
+
+
+
+
+
+Host plant
+
+
+
+(Fig.
+4 B
+).
+
+
+Baccharis tola
+
+is the only host plant currently recorded for
+
+C. socoromaensis
+
+sp. nov.
+This shrub, native to
+Argentina
+,
+Bolivia
+,
+Chile
+and
+Peru
+(
+POWO 2024
+), is used for medicinal purposes (
+Villagrán et al. 2003
+). In northern
+Chile
+,
+
+B. tola
+
+inhabits the highlands of the Andes between about
+2000–4800 m
+elevation (
+Rodriguez et al. 2018
+).
+
+
+
+
+Natural history
+
+
+
+(Fig.
+4 C – E
+).
+
+Eggs of
+
+C. socoromaensis
+
+sp. nov.
+are laid individually mainly on the adaxial surface of the leaf. Larva and pupa are endophytic. The hypermetamorphic larval development includes early sap-feeding and later tissue-feeding forms. The bulged, elongate mature mine occupies a large proportion of the leaf. The last instar tissue-feeding larva constructs a loose, smooth, cylindrical silk cocoon for pupation attached to the mine by anterior and posterior ends. The cocoon and the mine surface are pierced by the frontal process of the pupa to allow the adult emergence.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file