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<mods:title id="373C9A91864999CF1BA68D2FE81DECF2">Late Eocene (Priabonian) elasmobranchs from the Dry Branch Formation (Barnwell Group) of Aiken County, South Carolina, USA</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1BA2A4CDAB85B585BC3542E637D87155">Knight, James L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E954BEC0F66066FBD386034921166052">PaleoBios</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9AE3EDB1CCD783A71D031D3C11CA96A6">2022</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D33FE22FF8DA989FA34FE91FA1E" ID-CoL="78ZB" authority="GANNTOURENSIS" authorityName="WHITLEY" authorityYear="1929" box="[148,338,1499,1522]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Rhizoprionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93AEAA2FE22FF8DA989FA34FE91FA1E" box="[148,338,1499,1522]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">RHIZOPRIONODON</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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?
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<emphasis id="B93AEAA2FE22FF8DA87EFA34FDD2FA1E" box="[355,529,1499,1522]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">GANNTOURENSIS</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B41FE22FF8DAB3CFA34FD31FA1F" author="Arambourg, C." box="[545,754,1499,1523]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 372" refId="ref20038" refString="Arambourg, C. 1952. Les vertebres fossils des gisements de phosphates (Maroc-Algerie-Tunisie). Notes et Memoires du Service Geologique du Maroc 92: 1 - 372." type="journal article" year="1952">ARAMBOURG, 1952</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C354653BFE22FF8DA890FA14FDC0F9FF" box="[397,515,1531,1555]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF136B0FE22FF8DA890FA14FDC0F9FF" blockId="11.[148,764,1467,1555]" box="[397,515,1531,1555]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13752A35FE22FF8DA889FA14FE3FF9FF" box="[404,508,1531,1555]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="9.[111,186,1708,1732]" captionTargetBox="[131,1505,197,1677]" captionTargetId="figure-222@9.[131,1505,195,1677]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 3. Carcharhiniform shark teeth the Dry Branch Formation (Priabonian) of Aiken County, South Carolina. A–D. Physogaleus sp. cf. Ph. latus. Upper left lateral tooth in lingual (A) and labial (B) views, SC2013.38.65. Lower left anterior tooth in labial (C) and lingual (D) views, SC96.97.26. E, F. Galeocerdo sp. Anterolateral tooth in lingual (E) and labial (F) views, SC2013.38.16. G–I. Abdounia sp. cf. Ab. enniskilleni. Anterior tooth in lingual (G) and labial (H) views, SC96.97.30. Lateral tooth in lingual (I) view, SC96.97.31. J–L. Rhizoprionodon?ganntourensis. Anterolateral tooth in labial (J) and lingual (K) views, SC2013.38.98. Lateral tooth in lingual view (L), SC2013.38.99. M–P. Hemipristis sp. cf. He. curvatus. Upper left lateral tooth in lingual (M) and labial (N) views, SC2001.1.21. Lower right anterior tooth in lingual (O) and labial (P) views, SC2013.28.35. Q, R. Negaprion gilmorei. Upper right anterior tooth in lingual (Q) view, SC2013.38.61. Lower right anterolateral tooth in lingual (R) view, SC2013.38.64. Scale bars=1 cm in A–F, M–N, Q–R; 5 mm in G–L, O–P." pageId="11" pageNumber="10">FIG. 3J–L</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C354653BFE22FF8DA98DF9C0FE5DF916" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BF136B0FE22FF8DA98DF9C0FE5DF916" blockId="11.[112,801,1583,1927]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="B93AEAA2FE22FF8DA98DF9C0FE02F9A5" bold="true" box="[144,449,1583,1609]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Referred specimens</emphasis>
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—SC96.97.2, four teeth; SC
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<date id="FFF01070FE22FF8DA98EF9BCFEC8F981" box="[147,267,1619,1645]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" value="2001-01-18">2001.1.18</date>
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, tooth; SC
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<date id="FFF01070FE22FF8DA89EF9BCFE38F981" box="[387,507,1619,1645]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" value="2001-01-19">2001.1.19</date>
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, 40 teeth;SC2013.38.98, anterior tooth (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13752A35FE22FF8DA838F999FE53F97C" box="[293,400,1654,1680]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="9.[111,186,1708,1732]" captionTargetBox="[131,1505,197,1677]" captionTargetId="figure-222@9.[131,1505,195,1677]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 3. Carcharhiniform shark teeth the Dry Branch Formation (Priabonian) of Aiken County, South Carolina. A–D. Physogaleus sp. cf. Ph. latus. Upper left lateral tooth in lingual (A) and labial (B) views, SC2013.38.65. Lower left anterior tooth in labial (C) and lingual (D) views, SC96.97.26. E, F. Galeocerdo sp. Anterolateral tooth in lingual (E) and labial (F) views, SC2013.38.16. G–I. Abdounia sp. cf. Ab. enniskilleni. Anterior tooth in lingual (G) and labial (H) views, SC96.97.30. Lateral tooth in lingual (I) view, SC96.97.31. J–L. Rhizoprionodon?ganntourensis. Anterolateral tooth in labial (J) and lingual (K) views, SC2013.38.98. Lateral tooth in lingual view (L), SC2013.38.99. M–P. Hemipristis sp. cf. He. curvatus. Upper left lateral tooth in lingual (M) and labial (N) views, SC2001.1.21. Lower right anterior tooth in lingual (O) and labial (P) views, SC2013.28.35. Q, R. Negaprion gilmorei. Upper right anterior tooth in lingual (Q) view, SC2013.38.61. Lower right anterolateral tooth in lingual (R) view, SC2013.38.64. Scale bars=1 cm in A–F, M–N, Q–R; 5 mm in G–L, O–P." pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3J, K</figureCitation>
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);SC2013.38.99, lateral tooth (
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<figureCitation id="13752A35FE22FF8DABEFF999FF57F95F" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="9.[111,186,1708,1732]" captionTargetBox="[131,1505,197,1677]" captionTargetId="figure-222@9.[131,1505,195,1677]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 3. Carcharhiniform shark teeth the Dry Branch Formation (Priabonian) of Aiken County, South Carolina. A–D. Physogaleus sp. cf. Ph. latus. Upper left lateral tooth in lingual (A) and labial (B) views, SC2013.38.65. Lower left anterior tooth in labial (C) and lingual (D) views, SC96.97.26. E, F. Galeocerdo sp. Anterolateral tooth in lingual (E) and labial (F) views, SC2013.38.16. G–I. Abdounia sp. cf. Ab. enniskilleni. Anterior tooth in lingual (G) and labial (H) views, SC96.97.30. Lateral tooth in lingual (I) view, SC96.97.31. J–L. Rhizoprionodon?ganntourensis. Anterolateral tooth in labial (J) and lingual (K) views, SC2013.38.98. Lateral tooth in lingual view (L), SC2013.38.99. M–P. Hemipristis sp. cf. He. curvatus. Upper left lateral tooth in lingual (M) and labial (N) views, SC2001.1.21. Lower right anterior tooth in lingual (O) and labial (P) views, SC2013.28.35. Q, R. Negaprion gilmorei. Upper right anterior tooth in lingual (Q) view, SC2013.38.61. Lower right anterolateral tooth in lingual (R) view, SC2013.38.64. Scale bars=1 cm in A–F, M–N, Q–R; 5 mm in G–L, O–P." pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3L</figureCitation>
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); SC2013.38.100, 18 teeth; SC2013.38.101, 32 teeth; SC2013.38.102, eight posterior teeth; SC2013.38.103, eight distal lateral teeth.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C354653BFE22FF8DA98DF8ECFAD2FD8C" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BF136B0FE22FF8DA98DF8ECFAD2FD8C" blockId="11.[112,801,1583,1927]" lastBlockId="11.[832,1521,195,609]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="B93AEAA2FE22FF8DA98DF8ECFECBF8F1" bold="true" box="[144,264,1795,1821]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Remarks</emphasis>
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—One hundred thirteen Dry Branch Formation teeth are similar to those of extant
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D33FE22FF8DAB4AF8C9FCD9F8AC" authorityName="WHITLEY" authorityYear="1929" box="[599,794,1830,1856]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Rhizoprionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93AEAA2FE22FF8DAB4AF8C9FCD9F8AC" box="[599,794,1830,1856]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Rhizoprionodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and to Eocene
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<emphasis id="B93AEAA2FE22FF8DA83CF8A6FDD5F88F" box="[289,534,1865,1891]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Rhiz. ganntourensis,</emphasis>
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in particular. The distal heel of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D33FE22FF8DA9F7F883FE68F86A" authorityName="WHITLEY" authorityYear="1929" box="[234,427,1900,1926]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Rhizoprionodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93AEAA2FE22FF8DA9F7F883FE68F86A" box="[234,427,1900,1926]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Rhizoprionodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, including
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<emphasis id="B93AEAA2FE22FF8DAB32F883FCD9F86A" box="[559,794,1900,1926]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Rhiz. ganntourensis</emphasis>
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, is generally cuspidate (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B41FE22FF8DAD7FFF2CFAF9FF32" author="Arambourg, C." box="[1122,1338,195,222]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 372" refId="ref20038" refString="Arambourg, C. 1952. Les vertebres fossils des gisements de phosphates (Maroc-Algerie-Tunisie). Notes et Memoires du Service Geologique du Maroc 92: 1 - 372." type="journal article" year="1952">Arambourg 1952</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B41FE22FF8DAC5AFF2CFC42FEEC" author="Herman, J. & M. Hovestadt-Euler & D. C. Hovestadt" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="73 - 120" refId="ref23104" refString="Herman, J., M. Hovestadt-Euler, and D. C. Hovestadt. 1991. Contributions to the study of the comparative morphology of teeth and other relevant ichthyodorulites in living supraspecific taxa of chondrichthyan fishes. Part A: Selachii. No. 2 c: Order: Carcharhiniformes. Families: Proscylliidae, Hemigaleidae, Pseudotriakidae, Leptochariidae, and Carcharhinidae. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique 61: 73 - 120." type="journal article" year="1991">Herman et al. 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B41FE22FF8DAA8CFF09FB9CFEEC" author="Case, G. R. & N. I. Udovichenko & L. A. Nessov & A. O. Averianov & P. D. Borodin" box="[913,1119,230,257]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="99 - 126" refId="ref21356" refString="Case, G. R., N. I. Udovichenko, L. A. Nessov, A. O. Averianov, and P. D. Borodin. 1996. A Middle Eocene selachian fauna from the White Mountain Formation of the Kizylkum Desert, Uzbekistan, C. I. S. Palaeontographica Abteilung A 242 (4 - 6): 99 - 126." type="journal article" year="1996">Case et al. 1996</bibRefCitation>
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, Noubhani and Cappetta 1997, Mustafa et al. 2005), but our specimens lack enameloid and this feature is not preserved. However, we examined a tooth of
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<emphasis id="B93AEAA2FE22FF8DAAE3FEBFFBF7FE86" box="[1022,1076,336,362]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Rhiz</emphasis>
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. sp. cf.
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<emphasis id="B93AEAA2FE22FF8DAD93FEBFFABCFE85" box="[1166,1407,336,362]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Rhiz. ganntourensis</emphasis>
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that was recovered by Zullo and Kite (1985) from the Griffins Landing Sand (see Appendix 1), and found that it is very similar to the material listed above. The well preserved Griffins Landing Sand tooth exhibits a cuspidate distal heel, but the translucent enameloid allows us to view the unifromly convex dentine core of the heel, as can be seen on the specimens in our sample.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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<mods:title id="89203E2CBF6EED6BA49C743CCF1CE659">Late Eocene (Priabonian) elasmobranchs from the Dry Branch Formation (Barnwell Group) of Aiken County, South Carolina, USA</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="56F6B8FBCB784569304329E8ADDCE50F">Knight, James L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:identifier id="AF79A41D598F4CA629F074166FCAFAFC" type="ISSN">0031-0298</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E787A6FE2EFF8EAAB5F9A8FE7EFDD7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E787A6FE2EFF8EAAB5F9A8FE7EFDD7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E787A6FE2EFF8EAAB5F9A8FE7EFDD7" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
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<subSubSection id="C354653BFE2EFF81AAB5F9A8FA4AF9B3" box="[936,1417,1607,1631]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="8BF136B0FE2EFF81AAB5F9A8FA4AF9B3" blockId="7.[936,1417,1607,1663]" box="[936,1417,1607,1631]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<heading id="D0B981DCFE2EFF81AAB5F9A8FA4AF9B3" allCaps="true" box="[936,1417,1607,1631]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" reason="2">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D33FE2EFF81AAB5F9A8FA4AF9B3" ID-CoL="623HG" authority="GEN. ET SP. INDET." box="[936,1417,1607,1631]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Ginglymostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orectolobiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">GINGLYMOSTOMATIDAE GEN. ET SP. INDET.</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C354653BFE2EFF81AD7BF988FC1BF933" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF136B0FE2EFF81AD7BF988FB09F993" blockId="7.[936,1417,1607,1663]" box="[1126,1226,1639,1663]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13752A35FE2EFF81AD71F988FB01F993" box="[1132,1218,1639,1663]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[113,188,1698,1722]" captionTargetBox="[160,1481,195,1667]" captionTargetId="figure-259@6.[160,1481,195,1667]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Shark teeth from the Dry Branch Formation (Priabonian) of Aiken County, South Carolina. A–D. Notorynchus sp. cf. No. kempi teeth. Lower left tooth in lingual (A) and labial (B) views, SC2013.38.1. Lower right tooth in labial (C) and lingual (D) views, SC96.97.4. E. Squatina sp. cf. Sq. prima. Antero-lateral tooth in labial view, SC96.97.9. F,G. Nebrius sp. cf. Neb. thielensi. Anterolateral tooth in labial (F) and occlusal (G) views, SC2013.38.5. Labial at top in G. H. Ginglymostomatidae. Tooth in labial view, SC2013.38.7. I–O. Carcharias sp. Third lower right anterior tooth in labial (I) view, SC2001.1.55. Third upper right anterior tooth in lingual (J) and labial (K) views, SC2001.1.57. First lower right anterior tooth in labial (L) view, SC2001.1.59. Second lower right anterior tooth in labial (M) view, SC96.97.44.1. Second upper right anterior tooth in lingual (N) view, SC96.97.42. Lower left lateral tooth in lingual (O) view, SC96.97.43. P–S. Alopias sp. Tooth in labial (P) and lingual (Q) views, SC2001.1.65. Tooth in labial (R) and lingual (S) views, SC2001.1.66. Scale bars=1 cm in A–D, I–K, N, O; 5 mm in E–G, L–M, P–S; 1 mm in H." pageId="7" pageNumber="6">FIG. 2H</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF136B0FE2EFF81AA7DF94DFC1BF933" blockId="7.[832,1521,1698,1934]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93AEAA2FE2EFF81AA7DF94DFBA7F950" bold="true" box="[864,1124,1698,1724]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Referred specimen</emphasis>
|
||||
—SC2013.38.7, incomplete anterior tooth.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C354653BFE2EFF8EAA7DF907FE7EFDD7" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF136B0FE2EFF8EAA7DF907FE7EFDD7" blockId="7.[832,1521,1698,1934]" lastBlockId="8.[112,800,194,571]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93AEAA2FE2EFF81AA7DF907FC1BF8EE" bold="true" box="[864,984,1768,1794]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||||
—This specimen differs from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D33FE2EFF81AC5BF907FA0DF8EE" box="[1350,1486,1768,1794]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Ginglymostomatidae" genus="Nebrius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orectolobiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93AEAA2FE2EFF81AC5BF907FA66F8EE" box="[1350,1445,1768,1794]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Nebrius</emphasis>
|
||||
sp.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
cf.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93AEAA2FE2EFF81AA5DF8E4FC27F8C9" box="[832,996,1803,1829]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Neb. thielensi</emphasis>
|
||||
(see above) in having only a single pair of large lateral cusplets, and the labial crown foot is distinctively bifid but not drawn out into an elongate basal protuberance. SC2013.38.7 is similar to the anterior teeth of Cretaceous
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D33FE21FF8EA83FFF2DFCD9FF30" authority="Case and Cappetta, 1997" authorityName="Case and Cappetta" authorityYear="1997" box="[290,794,194,220]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Ginglymostomatidae" genus="Plicatoscyllium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orectolobiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93AEAA2FE21FF8EA83FFF2DFE18FF30" box="[290,475,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Plicatoscyllium</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B41FE21FF8EA8FEFF2DFCD9FF30" author="Case, G. R. & H. Cappetta" box="[483,794,194,220]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="131 - 189" refId="ref21312" refString="Case, G. R., and H. Cappetta. 1997. A new selachian fauna from the Late Maastrichtian of Texas (Upper Cretaceous / Navarro Group; Kemp Formation). Munchner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen 34: 131 - 189." type="journal article" year="1997">Case and Cappetta, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but there is no indication of labial crown ornamentation. The single pair of lateral cusplets also distinguishes SC2013.38.7 from the various early Paleogene species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D33FE21FF8EA98EFEA1FD35FE84" authority="(Noubhani and Cappetta 1997)" baseAuthorityName="Noubhani and Cappetta" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[147,758,334,360]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Ginglymostomatidae" genus="Ginglymostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orectolobiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93AEAA2FE21FF8EA98EFEA1FE96FE84" box="[147,341,334,360]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Ginglymostoma</emphasis>
|
||||
(Noubhani and Cappetta 1997)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. In terms of gross morphology, SC2013.38.7 is similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D33FE21FF8EA96DFE7BFD6CFE43" authority="(Casier, 1946)" baseAuthorityName="Casier" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[112,687,404,431]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Ginglymostomatidae" genus="Protoginglymostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orectolobiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ypresiensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93AEAA2FE21FF8EA96DFE7BFE39FE42" box="[112,506,404,430]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Protoginglymostoma ypresiensis</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B41FE21FF8EAB11FE7BFD67FE42" author="Casier, E." box="[524,676,404,430]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 247" refId="ref21427" refString="Casier, E. 1946. La faune ichthyologique de l'Ypresien de la Belgique. Memoires du Musee Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique 104: 1 - 247." type="journal article" year="1946">Casier, 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from the early to middle Eocene of
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F3597620FE21FF8EA8ACFE57FDDBFE3E" box="[433,536,440,466]" name="Belgium" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Belgium</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F3597620FE21FF8EAB49FE57FD03FE3E" box="[596,704,440,466]" name="Morocco" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B41FE21FF8EABCFFE57FF72FE19" author="Casier, E." pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 247" refId="ref21427" refString="Casier, E. 1946. La faune ichthyologique de l'Ypresien de la Belgique. Memoires du Musee Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique 104: 1 - 247." type="journal article" year="1946">Casier 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B41FE21FF8EA9DDFE33FEACFE19" author="Herman, J." box="[192,367,475,502]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="127 - 138" refId="ref23071" refString="Herman, J. 1977. Additions to the Eocene fish fauna of Belgium. 3. Revision of the Orectolobiforms. Tertiary Research 1 (4): 127 - 138." type="journal article" year="1977">Herman 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, Tabuce et al. 2005), but the poor condition of the only available tooth makes a more precise identification difficult.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
128
data/03/E7/87/03E787A6FE3DFF92AA59FEADFA2DF980.xml
Normal file
128
data/03/E7/87/03E787A6FE3DFF92AA59FEADFA2DF980.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
|
|||
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<mods:title id="C485BC96124BA2AC0492A8277D5C06F8">Late Eocene (Priabonian) elasmobranchs from the Dry Branch Formation (Barnwell Group) of Aiken County, South Carolina, USA</mods:title>
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|
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03E787A6FE3DFF92AA59FEADFA2DF980" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E787A6FE3DFF92AA59FEADFA2DF980" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E787A6FE3DFF92AA59FEADFA2DF980" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">
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<subSubSection id="C354653BFE3DFF92AA59FEADFA2FFEB5" box="[836,1516,321,346]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF136B0FE3DFF92AA59FEADFA2FFEB5" blockId="20.[836,1516,289,378]" box="[836,1516,321,346]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<heading id="D0B981DCFE3DFF92AA59FEADFA2FFEB5" allCaps="true" box="[836,1516,321,346]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" reason="2">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D33FE3DFF92AA59FEADFA2FFEB5" authority="CICIMURRI AND EBERSOLE, 2015" authorityName="CICIMURRI AND EBERSOLE" authorityYear="2015" box="[836,1516,321,346]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Pseudaetobatus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undulatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93AEAA2FE3DFF92AA59FEADFB40FEB5" box="[836,1155,322,345]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">PSEUDAETOBATUS UNDULATUS</emphasis>
|
||||
CICIMURRI AND EBERSOLE, 2015
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C354653BFE3DFF92AD40FE8DFB10FE96" box="[1117,1235,354,378]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF136B0FE3DFF92AD40FE8DFB10FE96" blockId="20.[836,1516,289,378]" box="[1117,1235,354,378]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13752A35FE3DFF92AD79FE8DFB08FE96" box="[1124,1227,354,378]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="21.[112,187,1411,1435]" captionTargetBox="[117,1516,196,1379]" captionTargetId="figure-329@21.[117,1516,196,1379]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 7. Myliobatidae teeth from the Dry Branch Formation (Priabonian) of Aiken County, South Carolina. A–E. Aetomylaeus sp. Incomplete lower median tooth in labial (A), lingual (B), and occlusal (C) and views, SC2001.1.2. Lateral tooth in occlusal (D) and profile (E) views, SC2001.1.29. F–I. Pseudaetobatus undulatus. Upper median tooth in occlusal (F) view, SC2013.38.86. Lower median tooth in occlusal (G) view, SC2013.38.84. Upper right distal-most lateral tooth in occlusal (H) and labial (I) views, SC2013.38.91. Lateral tooth in occlusal (J) view, SC2013.38.96.2. K–R. Rhinoptera sp. Lateral tooth in labial (K), lingual (L), occlusal (M), and basal (N) views, SC2001.1.12. Median tooth in occlusal (O), lingual (P), and basal (Q) views, SC2001.1.16. Lateral tooth in lingual (R) view, SC2013.38.70. Labial at top in C, D, F–H, J, M–O, Q; at right in E. Scale bars=1 cm in A–C, F–I, K–R; 5 mm in D, E, J." pageId="20" pageNumber="19">FIG. 7F–I</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C354653BFE3DFF92AA7DFE73FA33FC4B" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF136B0FE3DFF92AA7DFE73FA33FC4B" blockId="20.[832,1520,412,1645]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93AEAA2FE3DFF92AA7DFE73FBADFE5A" bold="true" box="[864,1134,412,438]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Referred specimens</emphasis>
|
||||
—SC96.97.52, 22 medial tooth fragments; SC96.97.53, lateral tooth; SC
|
||||
<date id="FFF01070FE3DFF92AC6BFE2FFA29FE36" box="[1398,1514,448,474]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" value="2001-01-03">2001.1.3</date>
|
||||
, 118 partial medial teeth; SC
|
||||
<date id="FFF01070FE3DFF92ADDBFE0BFAFBFE12" box="[1222,1336,484,510]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" value="2001-01-04">2001.1.4</date>
|
||||
, three lateral teeth; SC
|
||||
<date id="FFF01070FE3DFF92AAA1FDE8FBEFFDCE" box="[956,1068,519,546]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" value="2001-01-05">2001.1.5</date>
|
||||
, 10 lateral teeth; SC
|
||||
<date id="FFF01070FE3DFF92AC59FDE8FA77FDCD" box="[1348,1460,519,545]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" value="2001-01-06">2001.1.6</date>
|
||||
, lateral tooth; SC
|
||||
<date id="FFF01070FE3DFF92AAE1FDC4FBAFFDA9" box="[1020,1132,555,581]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" value="2001-01-07">2001.1.7</date>
|
||||
, lateral tooth; SC2013.38.84, lower medial tooth; SC2013.38.85, upper medial tooth; SC2013.38.86, upper medial tooth; SC2013.38.87, upper medial tooth; SC2013.38.88, incomplete upper medial tooth; SC2013.38.89, incomplete upper medial tooth; SC2013.38.90, lower medial tooth; SC2013.38.91, lower distal-most lateral tooth; SC2013.38.92, upper distal-most lateral tooth; SC2013.38.93, five lower distal-most laterals; SC2013.38.94, 12 upper distal-most lateral teeth; SC2013.38.95, lateral tooth; SC2013.38.96, five lateral teeth; SC2013.38.97, 87 incomplete medial teeth.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C354653BFE3DFF92AA7DFC5EFA2DF980" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF136B0FE3DFF92AA7DFC5EFB00FA98" blockId="20.[832,1520,412,1645]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93AEAA2FE3DFF92AA7DFC5EFC1FFC27" bold="true" box="[864,988,945,971]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||||
—We assign 275 teeth in our sample to
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93AEAA2FE3DFF92AA5DFC3BFBCBFC02" box="[832,1032,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D33FE3DFF92AA5DFC3BFBC7FC02" authorityName="CAPPETTA" authorityYear="1986" box="[832,1028,980,1006]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Pseudaetobatus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pseudaetobatus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Upper median teeth of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D33FE3DFF92AC32FC3BFA33FC02" authorityName="CAPPETTA" authorityYear="1986" box="[1327,1520,980,1006]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Pseudaetobatus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93AEAA2FE3DFF92AC32FC3BFA33FC02" box="[1327,1520,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Pseudaetobatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are wide and straight (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13752A35FE3DFF92AD7EFC17FB7DFBFE" box="[1123,1214,1016,1042]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="21.[112,187,1411,1435]" captionTargetBox="[117,1516,196,1379]" captionTargetId="figure-329@21.[117,1516,196,1379]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 7. Myliobatidae teeth from the Dry Branch Formation (Priabonian) of Aiken County, South Carolina. A–E. Aetomylaeus sp. Incomplete lower median tooth in labial (A), lingual (B), and occlusal (C) and views, SC2001.1.2. Lateral tooth in occlusal (D) and profile (E) views, SC2001.1.29. F–I. Pseudaetobatus undulatus. Upper median tooth in occlusal (F) view, SC2013.38.86. Lower median tooth in occlusal (G) view, SC2013.38.84. Upper right distal-most lateral tooth in occlusal (H) and labial (I) views, SC2013.38.91. Lateral tooth in occlusal (J) view, SC2013.38.96.2. K–R. Rhinoptera sp. Lateral tooth in labial (K), lingual (L), occlusal (M), and basal (N) views, SC2001.1.12. Median tooth in occlusal (O), lingual (P), and basal (Q) views, SC2001.1.16. Lateral tooth in lingual (R) view, SC2013.38.70. Labial at top in C, D, F–H, J, M–O, Q; at right in E. Scale bars=1 cm in A–C, F–I, K–R; 5 mm in D, E, J." pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
|
||||
), whereas median teeth from the lower dental battery are more arcuate (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13752A35FE3DFF92ACDDFBF4FCA4FBB5" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="21.[112,187,1411,1435]" captionTargetBox="[117,1516,196,1379]" captionTargetId="figure-329@21.[117,1516,196,1379]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 7. Myliobatidae teeth from the Dry Branch Formation (Priabonian) of Aiken County, South Carolina. A–E. Aetomylaeus sp. Incomplete lower median tooth in labial (A), lingual (B), and occlusal (C) and views, SC2001.1.2. Lateral tooth in occlusal (D) and profile (E) views, SC2001.1.29. F–I. Pseudaetobatus undulatus. Upper median tooth in occlusal (F) view, SC2013.38.86. Lower median tooth in occlusal (G) view, SC2013.38.84. Upper right distal-most lateral tooth in occlusal (H) and labial (I) views, SC2013.38.91. Lateral tooth in occlusal (J) view, SC2013.38.96.2. K–R. Rhinoptera sp. Lateral tooth in labial (K), lingual (L), occlusal (M), and basal (N) views, SC2001.1.12. Median tooth in occlusal (O), lingual (P), and basal (Q) views, SC2001.1.16. Lateral tooth in lingual (R) view, SC2013.38.70. Labial at top in C, D, F–H, J, M–O, Q; at right in E. Scale bars=1 cm in A–C, F–I, K–R; 5 mm in D, E, J." pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Fig. 7G</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Median teeth are easily distinguished from those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D33FE3DFF92AA42FB8DFC39FB90" authorityName="GARMAN" authorityYear="1908" box="[863,1018,1122,1148]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Aetomylaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93AEAA2FE3DFF92AA42FB8DFC39FB90" box="[863,1018,1122,1148]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Aetomylaeus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(see above) in that the labial and lingual crown faces are only weakly ornamented (as opposed to heavily pitted labially and with granular texture lingually) and the lingual ridge at the crown/root junction is thick and rounded instead of thin and sharp. These features can also be used to distinguish the lateral teeth of both species, and the distal-most lateral teeth of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D33FE3DFF92AC74FAD8FC47FA98" authorityName="CAPPETTA" authorityYear="1986" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Pseudaetobatus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93AEAA2FE3DFF92AC74FAD8FC47FA98" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Pseudaetobatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are also sinuous (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13752A35FE3DFF92AD7EFAB5FB76FA98" box="[1123,1205,1370,1396]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="21.[112,187,1411,1435]" captionTargetBox="[117,1516,196,1379]" captionTargetId="figure-329@21.[117,1516,196,1379]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 7. Myliobatidae teeth from the Dry Branch Formation (Priabonian) of Aiken County, South Carolina. A–E. Aetomylaeus sp. Incomplete lower median tooth in labial (A), lingual (B), and occlusal (C) and views, SC2001.1.2. Lateral tooth in occlusal (D) and profile (E) views, SC2001.1.29. F–I. Pseudaetobatus undulatus. Upper median tooth in occlusal (F) view, SC2013.38.86. Lower median tooth in occlusal (G) view, SC2013.38.84. Upper right distal-most lateral tooth in occlusal (H) and labial (I) views, SC2013.38.91. Lateral tooth in occlusal (J) view, SC2013.38.96.2. K–R. Rhinoptera sp. Lateral tooth in labial (K), lingual (L), occlusal (M), and basal (N) views, SC2001.1.12. Median tooth in occlusal (O), lingual (P), and basal (Q) views, SC2001.1.16. Lateral tooth in lingual (R) view, SC2013.38.70. Labial at top in C, D, F–H, J, M–O, Q; at right in E. Scale bars=1 cm in A–C, F–I, K–R; 5 mm in D, E, J." pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Fig. 7I</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF136B0FE3DFF92AA7DFA91FA2DF980" blockId="20.[832,1520,412,1645]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D33FE3DFF92AA7DFA91FBE1FA74" authorityName="CAPPETTA" authorityYear="1986" box="[864,1058,1406,1432]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Pseudaetobatus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93AEAA2FE3DFF92AA7DFA91FBE1FA74" box="[864,1058,1406,1432]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Pseudaetobatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has only recently been formally reported from the
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F3597620FE3DFF92AD07FA4EFB04FA57" box="[1050,1223,1441,1467]" name="United States of America" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, with two new species described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B41FE3DFF92AAF1FA2AFAB0FA33" author="Cicimurri, D. J. & J. A. Ebersole" box="[1004,1395,1476,1503]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref21488" refString="Cicimurri, D. J., and J. A. Ebersole. 2015. Two new species of Pseudaetobatus Cappetta, 1986 (Batoidei: Myliobatidae) from the southeastern United States. Palaeontologia Electronica, 18 (1) 15 A: 1 - 17. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.26879 / 524" type="journal article" year="2015">Cicimurri and Ebersole (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D33FE3DFF92AC9FFA2AFA9CF9EF" authority="Cicimurri and Ebersole, 2015" authorityName="Cicimurri and Ebersole" authorityYear="2015" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Pseudaetobatus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="belli">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93AEAA2FE3DFF92AC9FFA2AFC18F9EE" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Pseudaetobatus belli</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B41FE3DFF92AAF8FA07FA9CF9EF" author="Cicimurri, D. J. & J. A. Ebersole" box="[997,1375,1512,1539]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref21488" refString="Cicimurri, D. J., and J. A. Ebersole. 2015. Two new species of Pseudaetobatus Cappetta, 1986 (Batoidei: Myliobatidae) from the southeastern United States. Palaeontologia Electronica, 18 (1) 15 A: 1 - 17. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.26879 / 524" type="journal article" year="2015">Cicimurri and Ebersole, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is an early Eocene species that occurs in
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="498AF852FE3DFF92ADA9F9E4FA83F9C9" box="[1204,1344,1547,1573]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="498AF852FE3DFF92AC61F9E4FA28F9C9" box="[1404,1515,1547,1573]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||||
, whereas
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D33FE3DFF92AAAFF9DFFB94F9A5" authorityName="CICIMURRI AND EBERSOLE" authorityYear="2015" box="[946,1111,1583,1609]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Pseudaetobatus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undulatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B93AEAA2FE3DFF92AAAFF9DFFB94F9A5" box="[946,1111,1583,1609]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Ps. undulatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is thus far only known from the upper Eocene Dry Branch Formation of
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="498AF852FE3DFF92AC32F9BDFA2AF980" box="[1327,1513,1618,1644]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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