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<mods:namePart id="88FEA95D4AD5E0CF979D295E20528519">Xian, Chunlan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E8B48EA4705A548BF12947E670682BA0">Leong, Chi Man</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BF2A3518B7D5BAC2F685B2C5CC55B03F">Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Beijing normal university - Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, China & Macao Entomological Society, Estrada Coronel Nicolau de Mesquita, Macao SAR, China</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="246B01729B7D457DB1315A8D7CE838B1" ID-CoL="55RNH" LSID="B83D0D2B-2C85-5828-9650-736CBB2EB1E5" authority="(Forel, 1902)" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1902" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetraponera binghami" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="118110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="binghami">Tetraponera binghami (Forel, 1902)</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="069531FF99783384AC0428D24A8AA309" pageId="0" pageNumber="118110">Notes</paragraph>
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<bibRefCitation id="71515A150106A1BC4FD1AC711FD9B2F6" author="Brassard, Francois" journalOrPublisher="Diversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="118110" pagination="1 - 189" refId="B10631273" refString="Brassard, Francois, Leong, Chi-Man, Chan, Hoi-Hou, Guenard, Benoit, 2021. High diversity in urban areas: How comprehensive sampling reveals high ant species richness within one of the most urbanized regions of the world. Diversity 13 (8): 1 - 189" title="High diversity in urban areas: How comprehensive sampling reveals high ant species richness within one of the most urbanized regions of the world" volume="13" year="2021">Brassard et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
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data/B8/3D/38/B83D381A18FD5BCEA3B07F3173C69FD4.xml
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data/B8/3D/38/B83D381A18FD5BCEA3B07F3173C69FD4.xml
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.172.62749" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0836c4e7-3b45-4097-8675-e14f3537fb72" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177318547" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-172-67" ID-Pensoft-UUID="44250C9746D55290A0DDBADFE3F7FB58" ModsDocID="1314-2003-172-67" checkinTime="1612984327891" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Dai, Xiao-Song, Min, Dao-Zhang, Yang, Bo, Wu, Ding & Li, Bo" docDate="2021" docId="B83D381A18FD5BCEA3B07F3173C69FD4" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 172: 67-73" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 172" docPubDate="2021-02-10" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.172.62749" docTitle="Parnassia xinganensis C. Z. Gao & G. Z. Li 1983" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="44250C9746D55290A0DDBADFE3F7FB58" lastPageNumber="67" masterDocId="44250C9746D55290A0DDBADFE3F7FB58" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic note of Parnassia (Celastraceae) in China II: population surveys reveal that P. guilinensis is conspecific to P. xinganensis" masterLastPageNumber="73" masterPageNumber="67" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" updateTime="1643426478970" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Taxonomic note of Parnassia (Celastraceae) in China II: population surveys reveal that P. guilinensis is conspecific to P. xinganensis</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Dai, Xiao-Song</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Biodiversity, Jingdezhen University, Jingdezhen 333000, China & School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Min, Dao-Zhang</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName LSID="B83D381A-18FD-5BCE-A3B0-7F3173C69FD4" authority="C. Z. Gao & G. Z. Li, 1983: 19." authorityName="C. Z. Gao & G. Z. Li" authorityYear="1983" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Parnassiaceae" genus="Parnassia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Parnassia xinganensis" order="Celastrales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xinganensis">Parnassia xinganensis C.Z. Gao & G.Z. Li, 1983: 19.</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Type specimens of Parnassia xinganensis (A) and P. guilinensis (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.172.62749.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/507584" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Morphological comparisons between Parnassia xinganensis (A 1 - A 5) and P. guilinensis (B 1 - B 5) collected from their type localities of Mao'er Mountain at altitudes of 1200 m and 580 m, respectively A 1, B 1 habitat A 2, B 2 flower A 3, B 3 calyces, staminodes and ovary A 4, B 4 petals A 5, B 5 variation of staminodes." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.172.62749.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/507585" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">, 2</figureCitation>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Type.</paragraph>
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China. Guangxi: Guilin City,
|
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Xing’an">Xing'an</normalizedToken>
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County,
|
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Mountain, streamsides in valleys, alt. 1200 m, 11 December 1978,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">G.Z.Li 62923</emphasis>
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(holotype: IBK00185227!; isotype: IBK00200466!).
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</paragraph>
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=
|
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<taxonomicName authorityName="G. Z. Li & S. C. Tang" authorityYear="1999" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Parnassiaceae" genus="Parnassia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Parnassia guilinensis" order="Celastrales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guilinensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Parnassia guilinensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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G.Z. Li & S.C. Tang, syn. nov. Type: China. Guangxi: Guilin City,
|
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Xing’an">Xing'an</normalizedToken>
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County,
|
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Mao’er">Mao'er</normalizedToken>
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Mountain, streamsides, alt. 580 m, 23 August 1998,
|
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">G.Z.Li & S.C.Tang M93</emphasis>
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(holotype: IBK00200636!).
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
Perennial herbs, glabrous. Rhizome sympodial, robust. Stems 1-8, 5-20 cm tall, usually with 1 cauline leaf near middle. Basal leaves (4-) 8-13 (-22); petiole (1-) 4.5-6.5 (-9.5) cm long; leaf blade elliptic, obovate-elliptic, oblong-ovate to ovate, abaxially gray-white, adaxially green, (1-) 3-5.5 (-7.5)
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(0.8-) 1.5-2.5(-3) cm, inconspicuously 5-7-veined on both surfaces, midvein prominent, base rounded, subtruncate to cuneate, apex obtuse to acute. Cauline leaf sessile, amplexicaul, ovate or ovate-triangular, 0.9-2.4
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
0.5-1.6 cm. Flowers 1.5-2.3 cm in diam.; hypanthium shortly campanulate or inconspicuous. Sepals green, elliptic to ovate, 3.7-5.2
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
2.3-3.7 mm, 5-veined, margin entire, apex obtuse. Petals spreading, white, elliptic to broadly obovate, 8.5-12
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
6.8-8.3 mm, 5-veined basally, base attenuate into a claw, 2-3 mm long, margin entire or slightly undulate, apex rounded, obtuse or emarginate. Anthers ellipsoid; filaments 2-7 mm long; staminodes flat, 3-3.5 mm long, 3-5-branched to middle, branchedes globose glandular at apex. Ovary superior, greenish, ovoid, slightly sunken into hypanthium; styles short, ca. 1-1.5 mm long; stigma 3-lobed, lobes oblong, spreading. Capsule ovoid, trigonous, 5-10 mm long, 3-valved. Seeds minute, oblong, ca. 1 mm long.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="phenology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Phenology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Flowering - late June to November; fruiting - August to December.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
The species is endemic to northeastern Guangxi Province (recorded only in
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Xing’an">Xing'an</normalizedToken>
|
||||
County and Ziyuan County), China, and grows in clefts of the moist rocks along streams or under waterfalls, at an elevation of 400-1350 m.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
China. Guangxi: Guilin City,
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Xing’an">Xing'an</normalizedToken>
|
||||
County,
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mao’er">Mao'er</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Mountain, streamsides, moist rocks in valleys, alt. 580 m, 23 August 1998,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">G.Z.Li & S.C.Tang M211</emphasis>
|
||||
(IBK00200637!); under forests, alt. 611 m, 29 September 2014,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Xing’an">Xing'an</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Expedition 450325140929020LY
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(GXMG0110865!); Ziyuan County,
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mao’er">Mao'er</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Mountain, on rocks under forests, near streams, 6 December 1980,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">G.Z.Li 10120</emphasis>
|
||||
(IBK!).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="conservation status">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
At present,
|
||||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. xinganensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="xinganensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">P. xinganensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has been reported only from two counties in northeastern Guangxi Province of China. Based on our field investigations, there are numerous mature individuals and young seedlings which could be easily discovered along streams and under waterfalls, indicating the population survives and regenerates well. Additionally, the
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mao’er">Mao'er</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Mountain has been projected to a national nature reserve of China in 2003, and ranks among one of the earliest national nature reserves founded in Guangxi Province. It is apparent that the species will not be severely affected by human activities, thus we propose to list
|
||||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. xinganensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="xinganensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">P. xinganensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as Least Concern (LC) according to the IUCN Red List categories and criteria (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="Guihaia" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" refId="B3" refString="IUCN, 2017. Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria, ver. 13. IUCN Species Survival Commission." title="Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria, ver. 13. IUCN Species Survival Commission." year="2017">IUCN 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
610
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Normal file
610
data/B8/3D/87/B83D87BEFFB28F0FFF33FAF9FAF456A6.xml
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|
|
@ -0,0 +1,610 @@
|
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<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFB28F02FF33FAF9FDF5520E" bold="true" box="[151,558,1374,1401]" pageId="1" pageNumber="582">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F7944D2BFFB28F02FF33FAF9FE12520E" authority="Araújo, 2024" authorityName="Araújo" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,457,1374,1401]" family="Cephalodasyidae" genus="Cephalodasys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="1" pageNumber="582" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="mariannae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFB28F02FF33FAF9FE12520E" bold="true" box="[151,457,1374,1401]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="582">Cephalodasys mariannae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="19D357C1FFB28F02FE74FAF8FDF5520E" box="[464,558,1375,1401]" pageId="1" pageNumber="582" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="788E6523FFB28F02FF33FA25FC6E52EA" box="[151,949,1410,1437]" pageId="1" pageNumber="582" type="description">
|
||||
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|
||||
<uri id="44053AAAFFB28F02FF33FA25FC6E52EA" box="[151,949,1410,1437]" pageId="1" pageNumber="582">
|
||||
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
|
||||
<uuid id="44320C7DFFB28F02FE0EFA25FC6E52EA" box="[426,949,1410,1437]" pageId="1" pageNumber="582">A5F52F5F-8E03-4F42-8AD7-6E09F4986472</uuid>
|
||||
</uri>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="788E6523FFB28F02FF33FA49FDF551EE" pageId="1" pageNumber="582" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
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|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFB28F02FF33FA49FE50517F" bold="true" box="[151,395,1518,1544]" pageId="1" pageNumber="582">Material Examined</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="302B36A8FFB28F02FF33F990FDF551EE" blockId="1.[151,1437,1591,1689]" pageId="1" pageNumber="582">
|
||||
<specimenCount id="2692FD21FFB28F02FF33F990FECA5126" box="[151,273,1591,1617]" count="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="582" type="adult">Eight adult</specimenCount>
|
||||
specimens and
|
||||
<specimenCount id="2692FD21FFB28F02FE19F990FD9F5126" box="[445,580,1591,1617]" count="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="582" type="juvenile">one juvenile</specimenCount>
|
||||
were examined by light microscopy and measured with an ocular micrometer. All specimens were mounted alive and photographed and/or video recorded.
|
||||
<specimenCount id="2692FD21FFB28F02FC4CF9FCFB835102" box="[1000,1112,1627,1653]" count="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="582" type="adult">Five adult</specimenCount>
|
||||
specimens were prepared for confocal laser scanning microscopy.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="788E6523FFB28F01FF33F945FABF57A2" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="583" pageId="1" pageNumber="582" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
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|
||||
<heading id="6B6381C4FFB28F02FF33F945FECB518B" bold="true" box="[151,272,1762,1788]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="582" reason="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFB28F02FF33F945FECB518B" bold="true" box="[151,272,1762,1788]" pageId="1" pageNumber="582">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="302B36A8FFB28F01FF33F88CFABF57A2" blockId="1.[151,1437,1835,2041]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,213]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="583" pageId="1" pageNumber="582">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F7944D2BFFB28F02FF33F88CFEEF5032" authorityName="Remane" authorityYear="1926" box="[151,308,1835,1861]" family="Cephalodasyidae" genus="Cephalodasys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="1" pageNumber="582" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFB28F02FF33F88CFEEF5032" box="[151,308,1835,1861]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="582">Cephalodasys</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with a body length up to 630 μm. Body divided into rhombic head, neck, and trunk regions. Tapered posterior end. The rather long buccal cavity has a strengthened cuticular lining. Intestine/midgut linear and without obvious differentiation. Adhesive tubes organized up to six TbA, 11 TbV, 26 TbVL, and 12 TbP on each side of the body. TbA arises from a fleshy hand-like base. TbVL and TbV present in the pharynx and trunk regions; TbD absent. An unpaired ovary is present in a dorsolateral position in the anterior half of the trunk; a pair of long testes is present posterior to the pharyngeal pores and lead to short and caudally directed sperm ducts that fuse ventral to the midgut. An unpaired male gonopore is present at the site of sperm duct fusion. The frontal organ as sperm-storing device is positioned just posterior to the mature oocyte; a small putative caudal organ is located around the anal region.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="788E6523FFB18F01FF33FEB8FDB75566" pageId="2" pageNumber="583" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="302B36A8FFB18F01FF33FEB8FEF3564E" blockId="2.[151,296,287,313]" box="[151,296,287,313]" pageId="2" pageNumber="583">
|
||||
<heading id="6B6381C4FFB18F01FF33FEB8FEF3564E" bold="true" box="[151,296,287,313]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="583" reason="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFB18F01FF33FEB8FEF3564E" bold="true" box="[151,296,287,313]" pageId="2" pageNumber="583">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="302B36A8FFB18F01FF33FEC0FDB75566" blockId="2.[151,1437,359,529]" pageId="2" pageNumber="583">The newly discovered species is named in honor of Marianne Alexsandra Nerissa Araújo, my beloved sister, who unfortunately passed away in 2019. Marianne played a pivotal role in my life, consistently offering unwavering encouragement and inspiring me to embark on a scientific career. Even after her passing, Marianne’s legacy remains a poignant source of my inspiration, and naming the species in her tribute is a heartfelt acknowledgment of her enduring impact on my scientific journey.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="788E6523FFB18F04FF33FDFDFDF351CA" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="588" pageId="2" pageNumber="583" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="302B36A8FFB18F01FF33FDFDFEF35503" blockId="2.[151,296,602,628]" box="[151,296,602,628]" pageId="2" pageNumber="583">
|
||||
<heading id="6B6381C4FFB18F01FF33FDFDFEF35503" bold="true" box="[151,296,602,628]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="583" reason="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFB18F01FF33FDFDFEF35503" bold="true" box="[151,296,602,628]" pageId="2" pageNumber="583">Description</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="302B36A8FFB18F01FF33FD38FE64541A" blockId="2.[151,1436,671,877]" pageId="2" pageNumber="583">
|
||||
Adult
|
||||
<typeStatus id="EF2F880AFFB18F01FF44FD38FE9955CE" box="[224,322,671,697]" pageId="2" pageNumber="583" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
with total body length of 630 μm (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB18F01FD72FD38FCFD55CE" box="[726,806,671,697]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[292,1296,901,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-250@2.[289,1298,898,1845]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Schematic drawing of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. A: Dorsal body; B: Internal body; C: Ventral body. Abbreviations: an, anus; bc, buccal capsule; co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; fop, frontal organ external opening; i, intestine; lc, locomotory cilia; m, mouth; mgp, male gonopore; oo, oocyte; ph, pharynx; pp, pharyngeal pore; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; sb, sensory bristle; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tubes; TbV, ventral adhesive tube; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612654" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612654/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="583">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB18F01FC92FD38FC9C55CE" box="[822,839,671,697]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1112,1136]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1088]" captionTargetId="figure-21@3.[151,1436,181,1088]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. DIC photomicrographs of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. holotype. A: Slightly ventral view; B: Internal to dorsal view; C: Ventral view. Abbreviations: an, anus; bc, buccal capsule; co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; fop, frontal organ opening; lc, locomotory cilia; m, mouth; ph, pharynx; pp, pharyngeal pore; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tubes; TbV, ventral adhesive tube; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612656" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612656/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="583">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Pear-shaped head bearing ovoid muzzle delineated from the neck at U09 by a marked constriction. The trunk region (approximately U11–U100) is slightly wider (ca. 70 μm, U45) than the neck region (45 μm, U09) and ends with a tapered posterior end (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB18F01FBD8FD40FB105476" box="[1148,1227,743,769]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[292,1296,901,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-250@2.[289,1298,898,1845]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Schematic drawing of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. A: Dorsal body; B: Internal body; C: Ventral body. Abbreviations: an, anus; bc, buccal capsule; co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; fop, frontal organ external opening; i, intestine; lc, locomotory cilia; m, mouth; mgp, male gonopore; oo, oocyte; ph, pharynx; pp, pharyngeal pore; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; sb, sensory bristle; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tubes; TbV, ventral adhesive tube; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612654" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612654/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="583">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB18F01FB7EFD40FB305476" box="[1242,1259,743,769]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1112,1136]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1088]" captionTargetId="figure-21@3.[151,1436,181,1088]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. DIC photomicrographs of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. holotype. A: Slightly ventral view; B: Internal to dorsal view; C: Ventral view. Abbreviations: an, anus; bc, buccal capsule; co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; fop, frontal organ opening; lc, locomotory cilia; m, mouth; ph, pharynx; pp, pharyngeal pore; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tubes; TbV, ventral adhesive tube; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612656" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612656/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="583">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB18F01FB5CFD40FAC05476" box="[1272,1307,743,769]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[180,1407,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-33@4.[180,1407,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. DIC photomicrographs Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. holotype. A: Ventral view of the head; B: Ventral view of the posterior end; C: PhIJ region; D: Sperm close-up. Abbreviations: ac, acrosome; an, anus; ph, pharynx; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; sp, sperm; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tube; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612660/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="583">3B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The body outline appears slightly undulated, which may be a result of the folded integument. Ventral surface flat and dorsal side convex. Smooth cuticle without ornamentation but fine granular patches “cover” the entire body as observed under DIC (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB18F01FEB9FCF4FEA4541A" box="[285,383,851,877]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[292,1296,901,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-250@2.[289,1298,898,1845]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Schematic drawing of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. A: Dorsal body; B: Internal body; C: Ventral body. Abbreviations: an, anus; bc, buccal capsule; co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; fop, frontal organ external opening; i, intestine; lc, locomotory cilia; m, mouth; mgp, male gonopore; oo, oocyte; ph, pharynx; pp, pharyngeal pore; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; sb, sensory bristle; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tubes; TbV, ventral adhesive tube; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612654" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612654/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="583">Figs. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB18F01FE28FCF5FE6A541A" box="[396,433,850,877]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1856,1880]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,181,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-33@6.[212,1376,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. DIC photomicrographs of reproductive apparatus of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. holotype. A: Dorsal view of the middle body; B: Close-up of the frontal organ, delimited with a white dashed line; C: Frontal organ opening; D: Caudal organ. Abbreviations: co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; foiop, frontal organ internal opening; fop, frontal organ external opening; gp, granular patches; i, intestine; mgp, male gonopore; oo, oocyte; ov, ovary; ph, pharynx; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612670/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="583">5D</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="64EB6620FFB18F01FF3CF8E8FDC15080" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612654" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11612654" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612654/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="583" startId="2.[152,255,1871,1895]" targetBox="[292,1296,901,1843]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="302B36A8FFB18F01FF3CF8E8FDC15080" blockId="2.[151,1437,1871,2039]" pageId="2" pageNumber="583">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFB18F01FF3CF8E8FEC75010" bold="true" box="[152,284,1871,1895]" pageId="2" pageNumber="583">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
Schematic drawing of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F7944D2BFFB18F01FDB1F8E8FCC05010" authority="Araújo, 2024" authorityName="Araújo" authorityYear="2024" box="[533,795,1871,1895]" family="Cephalodasyidae" genus="Cephalodasys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="2" pageNumber="583" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="mariannae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFB18F01FDB1F8E8FCC05010" box="[533,795,1871,1895]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="583">Cephalodasys mariannae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="19D357C1FFB18F01FC81F8F7FCAC5010" box="[805,887,1872,1895]" pageId="2" pageNumber="583" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
A: Dorsal body; B: Internal body; C: Ventral body. Abbreviations: an, anus; bc, buccal capsule; co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; fop, frontal organ external opening; i, intestine; lc, locomotory cilia; m, mouth; mgp, male gonopore; oo, oocyte; ph, pharynx; pp, pharyngeal pore; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; sb, sensory bristle; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tubes; TbV, ventral adhesive tube; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes; te, testis.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="64EB6620FFB08F00FF3CFBFFFC1853AB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612656" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11612656" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612656/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="584" startId="3.[152,255,1112,1136]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1088]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="302B36A8FFB08F00FF3CFBFFFC1853AB" blockId="3.[151,1437,1112,1244]" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFB08F00FF3CFBFFFEC05307" bold="true" box="[152,283,1112,1136]" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
DIC photomicrographs of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F7944D2BFFB08F00FD93FBFFFCE75307" authority="Araújo, 2024" authorityName="Araújo" authorityYear="2024" box="[567,828,1112,1136]" family="Cephalodasyidae" genus="Cephalodasys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="3" pageNumber="584" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="mariannae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFB08F00FD93FBFFFCE75307" box="[567,828,1112,1136]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">Cephalodasys mariannae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="19D357C1FFB08F00FCE1FBFEFC4D5307" box="[837,918,1113,1136]" pageId="3" pageNumber="584" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
holotype. A: Slightly ventral view; B: Internal to dorsal view; C: Ventral view. Abbreviations: an, anus; bc, buccal capsule; co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; fop, frontal organ opening; lc, locomotory cilia; m, mouth; ph, pharynx; pp, pharyngeal pore; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tubes; TbV, ventral adhesive tube; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes; te, testis.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="302B36A8FFB08F00FF63FA89FD2E5133" blockId="3.[151,1437,1326,2001]" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFB08F00FF63FA89FEB7523F" box="[199,364,1326,1352]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">Adhesive tubes</emphasis>
|
||||
. The new species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F7944D2BFFB08F00FDEBFA89FD37523F" authorityName="Remane" authorityYear="1926" box="[591,748,1326,1352]" family="Cephalodasyidae" genus="Cephalodasys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="3" pageNumber="584" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFB08F00FDEBFA89FD37523F" box="[591,748,1326,1352]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">Cephalodasys</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has adhesive tubes in an anterior (TbA), ventrolateral (TbVL), ventral (TbV) and posterior (TbP) series. Dorsal tubes are absent. Six TbA per side arranged on fleshy hands at the neck region (U10); tubes are of equal size (8–9 μm) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB08F00FC87FAD1FC5C52E7" box="[803,903,1398,1424]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[292,1296,901,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-250@2.[289,1298,898,1845]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Schematic drawing of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. A: Dorsal body; B: Internal body; C: Ventral body. Abbreviations: an, anus; bc, buccal capsule; co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; fop, frontal organ external opening; i, intestine; lc, locomotory cilia; m, mouth; mgp, male gonopore; oo, oocyte; ph, pharynx; pp, pharyngeal pore; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; sb, sensory bristle; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tubes; TbV, ventral adhesive tube; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612654" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612654/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">Figs. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB08F00FC31FAD1FC6052E7" box="[917,955,1398,1424]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1112,1136]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1088]" captionTargetId="figure-21@3.[151,1436,181,1088]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. DIC photomicrographs of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. holotype. A: Slightly ventral view; B: Internal to dorsal view; C: Ventral view. Abbreviations: an, anus; bc, buccal capsule; co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; fop, frontal organ opening; lc, locomotory cilia; m, mouth; ph, pharynx; pp, pharyngeal pore; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tubes; TbV, ventral adhesive tube; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612656" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612656/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">2A</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB08F00FC63FAD1FC3652E7" box="[967,1005,1398,1424]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[180,1407,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-33@4.[180,1407,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. DIC photomicrographs Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. holotype. A: Ventral view of the head; B: Ventral view of the posterior end; C: PhIJ region; D: Sperm close-up. Abbreviations: ac, acrosome; an, anus; ph, pharynx; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; sp, sperm; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tube; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612660/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">3A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). A longitudinal furrow extends down each adhesive tube (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB08F00FEDFFA3DFE0E52C2" box="[379,469,1434,1461]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[180,1407,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-33@4.[180,1407,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. DIC photomicrographs Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. holotype. A: Ventral view of the head; B: Ventral view of the posterior end; C: PhIJ region; D: Sperm close-up. Abbreviations: ac, acrosome; an, anus; ph, pharynx; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; sp, sperm; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tube; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612660/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||||
), which indicates the presence of a duo-gland adhesive system (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="54054B59FFB08F00FB00FA3DFA4C52C2" author="Tyler, S. & Rieger, G. E." box="[1188,1431,1434,1461]" pageId="3" pageNumber="584" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref9805" refString="Tyler, S. & Rieger, G. E. (1980) Adhesive organs of the gastrotricha. I. Duo-gland Organs. Zoomorphologie, 95 (1), 1 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 01342230" type="journal article" year="1980">Tyler & Rieger, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="54054B59FFB08F00FF33FA19FE5B52AE" author="Kieneke, A. & Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. & Hochberg, R." box="[151,384,1470,1497]" pageId="3" pageNumber="584" pagination="367 - 385" refId="ref8305" refString="Kieneke, A., Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. & Hochberg, R. (2015) A new species of Cephalodasys (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida) from the Caribbean Sea with a determination key to species of the genus. Zootaxa, 3947 (3), 367 - 385. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3947.3.4" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||||
Kieneke
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFB08F00FF58FA18FEEE52AF" box="[252,309,1470,1496]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 2015
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).. The TbVL are arranged as 26 pairs of tubes from U18 to U89, each 7–13μm in length, and arranged slightly lateral to the TbV (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB08F00FD91FA45FDAF528B" box="[565,628,1506,1532]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[152,255,963,987]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,939]" captionTargetId="figure-21@5.[151,1436,181,939]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. DIC photomicrographs of TbV and TbVL of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. A–C: Different focal planes of ventral and ventrolateral surfaces of live paratype.A: TbVL; B: TbV; C: A and B overlayed showing TbV and TbVL in the same image. D–E: Different focal planes of ventral and ventrolateral surfaces of a fixed whole mount specimen. D: TbV; E: TbVL. White arrowhead indicates TbV and black arrowhead indicates TbVL." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612664/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">Fig.4</figureCitation>
|
||||
). TbV present as 11 pairs of tubes from U28 to U65, each 10–12 μm in length (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB08F00FF48F9A1FE965156" box="[236,333,1542,1569]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[292,1296,901,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-250@2.[289,1298,898,1845]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Schematic drawing of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. A: Dorsal body; B: Internal body; C: Ventral body. Abbreviations: an, anus; bc, buccal capsule; co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; fop, frontal organ external opening; i, intestine; lc, locomotory cilia; m, mouth; mgp, male gonopore; oo, oocyte; ph, pharynx; pp, pharyngeal pore; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; sb, sensory bristle; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tubes; TbV, ventral adhesive tube; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612654" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612654/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">Figs. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB08F00FEFDF9A0FEA65156" box="[345,381,1543,1569]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1112,1136]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1088]" captionTargetId="figure-21@3.[151,1436,181,1088]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. DIC photomicrographs of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. holotype. A: Slightly ventral view; B: Internal to dorsal view; C: Ventral view. Abbreviations: an, anus; bc, buccal capsule; co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; fop, frontal organ opening; lc, locomotory cilia; m, mouth; ph, pharynx; pp, pharyngeal pore; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tubes; TbV, ventral adhesive tube; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612656" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612656/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">2C</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB08F00FE2CF9A0FE425156" box="[392,409,1543,1569]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[152,255,963,987]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,939]" captionTargetId="figure-21@5.[151,1436,181,939]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. DIC photomicrographs of TbV and TbVL of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. A–C: Different focal planes of ventral and ventrolateral surfaces of live paratype.A: TbVL; B: TbV; C: A and B overlayed showing TbV and TbVL in the same image. D–E: Different focal planes of ventral and ventrolateral surfaces of a fixed whole mount specimen. D: TbV; E: TbVL. White arrowhead indicates TbV and black arrowhead indicates TbVL." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612664/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">4</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Caudally, 12 pairs of TbP are arranged symmetrically along the posterior margin from U90 to U100, each 5–11 μm in length (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB08F00FDB2F98DFDBE5133" box="[534,613,1578,1604]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[292,1296,901,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-250@2.[289,1298,898,1845]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Schematic drawing of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. A: Dorsal body; B: Internal body; C: Ventral body. Abbreviations: an, anus; bc, buccal capsule; co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; fop, frontal organ external opening; i, intestine; lc, locomotory cilia; m, mouth; mgp, male gonopore; oo, oocyte; ph, pharynx; pp, pharyngeal pore; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; sb, sensory bristle; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tubes; TbV, ventral adhesive tube; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612654" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612654/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB08F00FDD6F98DFD625133" box="[626,697,1578,1604]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1112,1136]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1088]" captionTargetId="figure-21@3.[151,1436,181,1088]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. DIC photomicrographs of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. holotype. A: Slightly ventral view; B: Internal to dorsal view; C: Ventral view. Abbreviations: an, anus; bc, buccal capsule; co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; fop, frontal organ opening; lc, locomotory cilia; m, mouth; ph, pharynx; pp, pharyngeal pore; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tubes; TbV, ventral adhesive tube; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612656" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612656/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">2A, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB08F00FD60F98DFD3C5133" box="[708,743,1578,1604]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[180,1407,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-33@4.[180,1407,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. DIC photomicrographs Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. holotype. A: Ventral view of the head; B: Ventral view of the posterior end; C: PhIJ region; D: Sperm close-up. Abbreviations: ac, acrosome; an, anus; ph, pharynx; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; sp, sperm; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tube; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612660/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">3B</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="302B36A8FFB08F00FF63F9E9FC72518F" blockId="3.[151,1437,1326,2001]" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFB08F00FF63F9E9FF24511F" box="[199,255,1614,1640]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">Cilia</emphasis>
|
||||
. Locomotory cilia arranged in two columns beginning at the anterior ventral head at U04 and extending to the ventral anus at U90 after which two columns fuse in a short uniform field (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB08F00FBBAF9D5FB5B51FA" box="[1054,1152,1650,1677]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[292,1296,901,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-250@2.[289,1298,898,1845]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Schematic drawing of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. A: Dorsal body; B: Internal body; C: Ventral body. Abbreviations: an, anus; bc, buccal capsule; co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; fop, frontal organ external opening; i, intestine; lc, locomotory cilia; m, mouth; mgp, male gonopore; oo, oocyte; ph, pharynx; pp, pharyngeal pore; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; sb, sensory bristle; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tubes; TbV, ventral adhesive tube; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612654" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612654/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">Figs. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB08F00FB28F9D4FB6B51FA" box="[1164,1200,1651,1677]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1112,1136]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1088]" captionTargetId="figure-21@3.[151,1436,181,1088]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. DIC photomicrographs of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. holotype. A: Slightly ventral view; B: Internal to dorsal view; C: Ventral view. Abbreviations: an, anus; bc, buccal capsule; co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; fop, frontal organ opening; lc, locomotory cilia; m, mouth; ph, pharynx; pp, pharyngeal pore; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tubes; TbV, ventral adhesive tube; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612656" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612656/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">2C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Seven long sensory cilia present on each lateral margin of the head and ca. 20 sensory cilia laterally arranged between TbVL on each lateral body margin. A ring of spaced cilia covering dorsally and ventrally the head (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB08F00FBECF91DFB5151A3" box="[1096,1162,1722,1748]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[292,1296,901,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-250@2.[289,1298,898,1845]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Schematic drawing of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. A: Dorsal body; B: Internal body; C: Ventral body. Abbreviations: an, anus; bc, buccal capsule; co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; fop, frontal organ external opening; i, intestine; lc, locomotory cilia; m, mouth; mgp, male gonopore; oo, oocyte; ph, pharynx; pp, pharyngeal pore; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; sb, sensory bristle; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tubes; TbV, ventral adhesive tube; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612654" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612654/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Short sensory cilia are present along the lateral body, but their numbers were not determined.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="302B36A8FFB08F00FF63F8A4FBCD50A6" blockId="3.[151,1437,1326,2001]" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFB08F00FF63F8A4FEB6506B" box="[199,365,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">Digestive tract</emphasis>
|
||||
. A circular terminal mouth to 12 μm in diameter. The mouth leads into an expansive cylindrical buccal capsule to 24 μm long with a thicker cuticular wall (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB08F00FCE7F881FC455037" box="[835,926,1830,1856]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[292,1296,901,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-250@2.[289,1298,898,1845]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Schematic drawing of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. A: Dorsal body; B: Internal body; C: Ventral body. Abbreviations: an, anus; bc, buccal capsule; co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; fop, frontal organ external opening; i, intestine; lc, locomotory cilia; m, mouth; mgp, male gonopore; oo, oocyte; ph, pharynx; pp, pharyngeal pore; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; sb, sensory bristle; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tubes; TbV, ventral adhesive tube; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612654" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612654/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">Figs.1B</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB08F00FC0FF881FC145037" box="[939,975,1830,1856]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1112,1136]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1088]" captionTargetId="figure-21@3.[151,1436,181,1088]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. DIC photomicrographs of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. holotype. A: Slightly ventral view; B: Internal to dorsal view; C: Ventral view. Abbreviations: an, anus; bc, buccal capsule; co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; fop, frontal organ opening; lc, locomotory cilia; m, mouth; ph, pharynx; pp, pharyngeal pore; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tubes; TbV, ventral adhesive tube; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612656" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612656/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">2B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Cylindrical pharynx with 207 μm long connects to the intestine at the pharyngo-intestinal junction (PhIJ) (U38) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB08F00FC44F8EDFB845012" box="[992,1119,1866,1893]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[292,1296,901,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-250@2.[289,1298,898,1845]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Schematic drawing of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. A: Dorsal body; B: Internal body; C: Ventral body. Abbreviations: an, anus; bc, buccal capsule; co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; fop, frontal organ external opening; i, intestine; lc, locomotory cilia; m, mouth; mgp, male gonopore; oo, oocyte; ph, pharynx; pp, pharyngeal pore; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; sb, sensory bristle; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tubes; TbV, ventral adhesive tube; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612654" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612654/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">Figs.1A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB08F00FBC8F8ECFB4B5012" box="[1132,1168,1867,1893]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1112,1136]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1088]" captionTargetId="figure-21@3.[151,1436,181,1088]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. DIC photomicrographs of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. holotype. A: Slightly ventral view; B: Internal to dorsal view; C: Ventral view. Abbreviations: an, anus; bc, buccal capsule; co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; fop, frontal organ opening; lc, locomotory cilia; m, mouth; ph, pharynx; pp, pharyngeal pore; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tubes; TbV, ventral adhesive tube; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612656" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612656/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">2B</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB08F00FB39F8ECFB1A5012" box="[1181,1217,1867,1893]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[180,1407,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-33@4.[180,1407,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. DIC photomicrographs Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. holotype. A: Ventral view of the head; B: Ventral view of the posterior end; C: PhIJ region; D: Sperm close-up. Abbreviations: ac, acrosome; an, anus; ph, pharynx; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; sp, sperm; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tube; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612660/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">3C</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB08F00FB6AF8EDFB2F5012" box="[1230,1268,1866,1893]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1856,1880]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,181,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-33@6.[212,1376,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. DIC photomicrographs of reproductive apparatus of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. holotype. A: Dorsal view of the middle body; B: Close-up of the frontal organ, delimited with a white dashed line; C: Frontal organ opening; D: Caudal organ. Abbreviations: co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; foiop, frontal organ internal opening; fop, frontal organ external opening; gp, granular patches; i, intestine; mgp, male gonopore; oo, oocyte; ov, ovary; ph, pharynx; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612670/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">5A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The width of the pharynx (ca 30 μm) is the same along most of its length and only increases in width at the pharyngeal pores level which open dorsolaterally at U34 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB08F00FDF0F835FD0B50DA" box="[596,720,1938,1965]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[292,1296,901,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-250@2.[289,1298,898,1845]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Schematic drawing of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. A: Dorsal body; B: Internal body; C: Ventral body. Abbreviations: an, anus; bc, buccal capsule; co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; fop, frontal organ external opening; i, intestine; lc, locomotory cilia; m, mouth; mgp, male gonopore; oo, oocyte; ph, pharynx; pp, pharyngeal pore; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; sb, sensory bristle; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tubes; TbV, ventral adhesive tube; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612654" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612654/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">Figs.1A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB08F00FD7FF834FD2450DA" box="[731,767,1939,1965]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1112,1136]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1088]" captionTargetId="figure-21@3.[151,1436,181,1088]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. DIC photomicrographs of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. holotype. A: Slightly ventral view; B: Internal to dorsal view; C: Ventral view. Abbreviations: an, anus; bc, buccal capsule; co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; fop, frontal organ opening; lc, locomotory cilia; m, mouth; ph, pharynx; pp, pharyngeal pore; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tubes; TbV, ventral adhesive tube; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612656" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612656/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">2B</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB08F00FCAEF834FCF550DA" box="[778,814,1939,1965]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[180,1407,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-33@4.[180,1407,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. DIC photomicrographs Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. holotype. A: Ventral view of the head; B: Ventral view of the posterior end; C: PhIJ region; D: Sperm close-up. Abbreviations: ac, acrosome; an, anus; ph, pharynx; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; sp, sperm; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tube; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612660/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">3C</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB08F00FC9CF835FC8550DA" box="[824,862,1938,1965]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1856,1880]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,181,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-33@6.[212,1376,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. DIC photomicrographs of reproductive apparatus of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. holotype. A: Dorsal view of the middle body; B: Close-up of the frontal organ, delimited with a white dashed line; C: Frontal organ opening; D: Caudal organ. Abbreviations: co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; foiop, frontal organ internal opening; fop, frontal organ external opening; gp, granular patches; i, intestine; mgp, male gonopore; oo, oocyte; ov, ovary; ph, pharynx; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612670/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">5A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The intestine has an irregular shape, and the width varies considerably along its length. The intestine ends in a ventral anus at U90.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="64EB6620FFB78F07FF3CF830FB9D5080" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612660" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11612660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612660/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="585" startId="4.[152,255,1943,1967]" targetBox="[180,1407,181,1919]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="302B36A8FFB78F07FF3CF830FB9D5080" blockId="4.[151,1437,1943,2039]" pageId="4" pageNumber="585">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFB78F07FF3CF830FEC250D8" bold="true" box="[152,281,1943,1967]" pageId="4" pageNumber="585">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||||
DIC photomicrographs
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F7944D2BFFB78F07FDB6F830FCCE50D8" authority="Araújo, 2024" authorityName="Araújo" authorityYear="2024" box="[530,789,1943,1967]" family="Cephalodasyidae" genus="Cephalodasys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="4" pageNumber="585" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="mariannae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFB78F07FDB6F830FCCE50D8" box="[530,789,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="585">Cephalodasys mariannae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="19D357C1FFB78F07FCBFF83FFCB050D8" box="[795,875,1944,1967]" pageId="4" pageNumber="585" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
holotype. A: Ventral view of the head; B: Ventral view of the posterior end; C: PhIJ region; D: Sperm close-up. Abbreviations: ac, acrosome; an, anus; ph, pharynx; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; sp, sperm; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tube; te, testis.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="64EB6620FFB68F06FF3CFC64FC845330" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612664" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11612664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612664/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="586" startId="5.[152,255,963,987]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,939]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="302B36A8FFB68F06FF3CFC64FC845330" blockId="5.[151,1437,963,1095]" pageId="5" pageNumber="586">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFB68F06FF3CFC64FEC154AC" bold="true" box="[152,282,963,987]" pageId="5" pageNumber="586">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||||
DIC photomicrographs of TbV and TbVL of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F7944D2BFFB68F06FD5FFC64FC2454AC" authority="Araújo, 2024" authorityName="Araújo" authorityYear="2024" box="[763,1023,963,987]" family="Cephalodasyidae" genus="Cephalodasys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="5" pageNumber="586" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="mariannae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFB68F06FD5FFC64FC2454AC" box="[763,1023,963,987]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="586">Cephalodasys mariannae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="19D357C1FFB68F06FBACFC63FB8254AC" box="[1032,1113,964,987]" pageId="5" pageNumber="586" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
A–C: Different focal planes of ventral and ventrolateral surfaces of live paratype. A: TbVL; B: TbV; C: A and B overlayed showing TbV and TbVL in the same image. D–E: Different focal planes of ventral and ventrolateral surfaces of a fixed whole mount specimen. D: TbV; E: TbVL. White arrowhead indicates TbV and black arrowhead indicates TbVL.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="302B36A8FFB68F06FF63FB3EFDCF52FC" blockId="5.[151,1437,1177,1708]" pageId="5" pageNumber="586">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFB68F06FF63FB3EFE6253C4" box="[199,441,1177,1203]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="586">Reproductive organs.</emphasis>
|
||||
Hermaphroditic. The paired testes extend from U38 with each vas deferens projecting caudally and curving medio-ventrally to join a male gonopore at U69 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB68F06FC75FB1AFB8053AF" box="[977,1115,1213,1240]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[292,1296,901,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-250@2.[289,1298,898,1845]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Schematic drawing of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. A: Dorsal body; B: Internal body; C: Ventral body. Abbreviations: an, anus; bc, buccal capsule; co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; fop, frontal organ external opening; i, intestine; lc, locomotory cilia; m, mouth; mgp, male gonopore; oo, oocyte; ph, pharynx; pp, pharyngeal pore; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; sb, sensory bristle; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tubes; TbV, ventral adhesive tube; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612654" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612654/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="586">Figs. 1B, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB68F06FBCDFB19FB5653AF" box="[1129,1165,1214,1240]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1112,1136]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1088]" captionTargetId="figure-21@3.[151,1436,181,1088]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. DIC photomicrographs of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. holotype. A: Slightly ventral view; B: Internal to dorsal view; C: Ventral view. Abbreviations: an, anus; bc, buccal capsule; co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; fop, frontal organ opening; lc, locomotory cilia; m, mouth; ph, pharynx; pp, pharyngeal pore; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tubes; TbV, ventral adhesive tube; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612656" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612656/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="586">2B</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB68F06FB38FB19FB3E53AF" box="[1180,1253,1214,1240]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[180,1407,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-33@4.[180,1407,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. DIC photomicrographs Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. holotype. A: Ventral view of the head; B: Ventral view of the posterior end; C: PhIJ region; D: Sperm close-up. Abbreviations: ac, acrosome; an, anus; ph, pharynx; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; sp, sperm; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tube; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612660/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="586">3C, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB68F06FB50FB1AFAC153AF" box="[1268,1306,1213,1240]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1856,1880]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,181,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-33@6.[212,1376,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. DIC photomicrographs of reproductive apparatus of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. holotype. A: Dorsal view of the middle body; B: Close-up of the frontal organ, delimited with a white dashed line; C: Frontal organ opening; D: Caudal organ. Abbreviations: co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; foiop, frontal organ internal opening; fop, frontal organ external opening; gp, granular patches; i, intestine; mgp, male gonopore; oo, oocyte; ov, ovary; ph, pharynx; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612670/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="586">5A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The male gonopore was observed only under DIC as a small circular opening (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB68F06FC20FB46FBDE538B" box="[900,1029,1249,1276]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[292,1296,901,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-250@2.[289,1298,898,1845]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Schematic drawing of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. A: Dorsal body; B: Internal body; C: Ventral body. Abbreviations: an, anus; bc, buccal capsule; co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; fop, frontal organ external opening; i, intestine; lc, locomotory cilia; m, mouth; mgp, male gonopore; oo, oocyte; ph, pharynx; pp, pharyngeal pore; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; sb, sensory bristle; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tubes; TbV, ventral adhesive tube; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612654" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612654/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="586">Figs. 1B, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB68F06FBAAFB46FBEF538B" box="[1038,1076,1249,1276]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1856,1880]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,181,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-33@6.[212,1376,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. DIC photomicrographs of reproductive apparatus of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. holotype. A: Dorsal view of the middle body; B: Close-up of the frontal organ, delimited with a white dashed line; C: Frontal organ opening; D: Caudal organ. Abbreviations: co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; foiop, frontal organ internal opening; fop, frontal organ external opening; gp, granular patches; i, intestine; mgp, male gonopore; oo, oocyte; ov, ovary; ph, pharynx; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612670/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="586">5A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Granular content was observed at the anterior end of each testis, probably representing early cell stages as shown by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="54054B59FFB68F06FB9AFAA2FAF25257" author="Kieneke, A. & Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. & Hochberg, R." box="[1086,1321,1285,1312]" pageId="5" pageNumber="586" pagination="367 - 385" refId="ref8305" refString="Kieneke, A., Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. & Hochberg, R. (2015) A new species of Cephalodasys (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida) from the Caribbean Sea with a determination key to species of the genus. Zootaxa, 3947 (3), 367 - 385. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3947.3.4" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||||
Kieneke
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFB68F06FB05FAA1FB035268" box="[1185,1240,1285,1311]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="586">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
(2015)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB68F06FA93FAA2FA545257" box="[1335,1423,1285,1312]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[180,1407,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-33@4.[180,1407,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. DIC photomicrographs Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. holotype. A: Ventral view of the head; B: Ventral view of the posterior end; C: PhIJ region; D: Sperm close-up. Abbreviations: ac, acrosome; an, anus; ph, pharynx; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; sp, sperm; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tube; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612660/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="586">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). A caudal organ with an irregular ovoid outline and containing granular content is present on the right side of the intestine at the posterior end body at U89 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB68F06FDD5FAEAFD09521F" box="[625,722,1357,1384]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[292,1296,901,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-250@2.[289,1298,898,1845]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Schematic drawing of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. A: Dorsal body; B: Internal body; C: Ventral body. Abbreviations: an, anus; bc, buccal capsule; co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; fop, frontal organ external opening; i, intestine; lc, locomotory cilia; m, mouth; mgp, male gonopore; oo, oocyte; ph, pharynx; pp, pharyngeal pore; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; sb, sensory bristle; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tubes; TbV, ventral adhesive tube; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612654" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612654/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="586">Figs. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB68F06FD7AFAE9FCDF521F" box="[734,772,1358,1384]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1112,1136]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1088]" captionTargetId="figure-21@3.[151,1436,181,1088]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. DIC photomicrographs of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. holotype. A: Slightly ventral view; B: Internal to dorsal view; C: Ventral view. Abbreviations: an, anus; bc, buccal capsule; co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; fop, frontal organ opening; lc, locomotory cilia; m, mouth; ph, pharynx; pp, pharyngeal pore; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tubes; TbV, ventral adhesive tube; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612656" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612656/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="586">2A</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB68F06FCABFAEAFCEF521F" box="[783,820,1357,1384]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1856,1880]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,181,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-33@6.[212,1376,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. DIC photomicrographs of reproductive apparatus of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. holotype. A: Dorsal view of the middle body; B: Close-up of the frontal organ, delimited with a white dashed line; C: Frontal organ opening; D: Caudal organ. Abbreviations: co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; foiop, frontal organ internal opening; fop, frontal organ external opening; gp, granular patches; i, intestine; mgp, male gonopore; oo, oocyte; ov, ovary; ph, pharynx; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612670/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="586">5D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). This structure appears to be vesicular, and no obvious muscles were possible to observe.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="302B36A8FFB68F06FF63FA32FBC251DB" blockId="5.[151,1437,1177,1708]" pageId="5" pageNumber="586">
|
||||
Unpaired ovary with single mature egg, 75 μm long (U67), is present dorsal to the intestine at U60 with a large nucleus, 20 μm in diameter. Smaller oocytes are present anterior to the egg and oogenesis appears to occur from anterior to posterior (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB68F06FE29FA7AFE2A528F" box="[397,497,1501,1528]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[292,1296,901,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-250@2.[289,1298,898,1845]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Schematic drawing of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. A: Dorsal body; B: Internal body; C: Ventral body. Abbreviations: an, anus; bc, buccal capsule; co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; fop, frontal organ external opening; i, intestine; lc, locomotory cilia; m, mouth; mgp, male gonopore; oo, oocyte; ph, pharynx; pp, pharyngeal pore; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; sb, sensory bristle; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tubes; TbV, ventral adhesive tube; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612654" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612654/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="586">Figs. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB68F06FDA5FA79FDFF528F" box="[513,548,1502,1528]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1112,1136]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1088]" captionTargetId="figure-21@3.[151,1436,181,1088]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. DIC photomicrographs of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. holotype. A: Slightly ventral view; B: Internal to dorsal view; C: Ventral view. Abbreviations: an, anus; bc, buccal capsule; co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; fop, frontal organ opening; lc, locomotory cilia; m, mouth; ph, pharynx; pp, pharyngeal pore; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tubes; TbV, ventral adhesive tube; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612656" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612656/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="586">2B</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB68F06FD97FA7AFD82528F" box="[563,601,1501,1528]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1856,1880]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,181,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-33@6.[212,1376,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. DIC photomicrographs of reproductive apparatus of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. holotype. A: Dorsal view of the middle body; B: Close-up of the frontal organ, delimited with a white dashed line; C: Frontal organ opening; D: Caudal organ. Abbreviations: co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; foiop, frontal organ internal opening; fop, frontal organ external opening; gp, granular patches; i, intestine; mgp, male gonopore; oo, oocyte; ov, ovary; ph, pharynx; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612670/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="586">5A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Posterior to the mature egg on the left side of the body is a somewhat ovoid frontal organ (FO) at U72. Inside of FO are a few coiled spermatozoa that represents allosperm; anterior end of each sperm is positioned towards an internal pore in the uterus (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB68F06FC31F982FC235137" box="[917,1016,1573,1600]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[292,1296,901,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-250@2.[289,1298,898,1845]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Schematic drawing of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. A: Dorsal body; B: Internal body; C: Ventral body. Abbreviations: an, anus; bc, buccal capsule; co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; fop, frontal organ external opening; i, intestine; lc, locomotory cilia; m, mouth; mgp, male gonopore; oo, oocyte; ph, pharynx; pp, pharyngeal pore; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; sb, sensory bristle; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tubes; TbV, ventral adhesive tube; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612654" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612654/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="586">Figs. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB68F06FBA3F982FBF05137" box="[1031,1067,1573,1600]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1856,1880]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,181,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-33@6.[212,1376,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. DIC photomicrographs of reproductive apparatus of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. holotype. A: Dorsal view of the middle body; B: Close-up of the frontal organ, delimited with a white dashed line; C: Frontal organ opening; D: Caudal organ. Abbreviations: co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; foiop, frontal organ internal opening; fop, frontal organ external opening; gp, granular patches; i, intestine; mgp, male gonopore; oo, oocyte; ov, ovary; ph, pharynx; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612670/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="586">5B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The frontal organ is connected to the outside by a circular opening surrounded by small granular secretions, a small duct connects this opening with the main chamber of the frontal organ (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB68F06FD2DF9CAFD3151FF" box="[649,746,1645,1672]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[292,1296,901,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-250@2.[289,1298,898,1845]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Schematic drawing of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. A: Dorsal body; B: Internal body; C: Ventral body. Abbreviations: an, anus; bc, buccal capsule; co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; fop, frontal organ external opening; i, intestine; lc, locomotory cilia; m, mouth; mgp, male gonopore; oo, oocyte; ph, pharynx; pp, pharyngeal pore; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; sb, sensory bristle; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tubes; TbV, ventral adhesive tube; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612654" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612654/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="586">Figs. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB68F06FD53F9C9FCC151FF" box="[759,794,1646,1672]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1112,1136]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1088]" captionTargetId="figure-21@3.[151,1436,181,1088]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. DIC photomicrographs of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. holotype. A: Slightly ventral view; B: Internal to dorsal view; C: Ventral view. Abbreviations: an, anus; bc, buccal capsule; co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; fop, frontal organ opening; lc, locomotory cilia; m, mouth; ph, pharynx; pp, pharyngeal pore; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tubes; TbV, ventral adhesive tube; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612656" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612656/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="586">2B</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB68F06FC83F9CAFCB051FF" box="[807,875,1645,1672]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1856,1880]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,181,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-33@6.[212,1376,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. DIC photomicrographs of reproductive apparatus of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. holotype. A: Dorsal view of the middle body; B: Close-up of the frontal organ, delimited with a white dashed line; C: Frontal organ opening; D: Caudal organ. Abbreviations: co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; foiop, frontal organ internal opening; fop, frontal organ external opening; gp, granular patches; i, intestine; mgp, male gonopore; oo, oocyte; ov, ovary; ph, pharynx; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612670/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="586">5B, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The female complex (FO + ovary) appears to be surrounded by a putative membrane in one of the specimens analyzed (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB68F06FC17F936FBD051DB" box="[947,1035,1681,1708]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1856,1880]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,181,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-33@6.[212,1376,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. DIC photomicrographs of reproductive apparatus of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. holotype. A: Dorsal view of the middle body; B: Close-up of the frontal organ, delimited with a white dashed line; C: Frontal organ opening; D: Caudal organ. Abbreviations: co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; foiop, frontal organ internal opening; fop, frontal organ external opening; gp, granular patches; i, intestine; mgp, male gonopore; oo, oocyte; ov, ovary; ph, pharynx; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; te, testis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612670/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="586">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="64EB6620FFB58F05FF3CF8E7FE8B509E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612670" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11612670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612670/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="587" startId="6.[152,255,1856,1880]" targetBox="[212,1376,181,1833]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="302B36A8FFB58F05FF3CF8E7FE8B509E" blockId="6.[151,1437,1856,2025]" pageId="6" pageNumber="587">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFB58F05FF3CF8E7FEC2502E" bold="true" box="[152,281,1856,1881]" pageId="6" pageNumber="587">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||||
DIC photomicrographs of reproductive apparatus of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F7944D2BFFB58F05FC9FF8E6FBE5502F" authority="Araújo, 2024" authorityName="Araújo" authorityYear="2024" box="[827,1086,1857,1881]" family="Cephalodasyidae" genus="Cephalodasys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="6" pageNumber="587" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="mariannae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFB58F05FC9FF8E6FBE5502F" box="[827,1086,1857,1881]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="587">Cephalodasys mariannae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="19D357C1FFB58F05FBE1F8E6FB4E502F" box="[1093,1173,1857,1880]" pageId="6" pageNumber="587" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
holotype. A: Dorsal view of the middle body; B: Close-up of the frontal organ, delimited with a white dashed line; C: Frontal organ opening; D: Caudal organ. Abbreviations: co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; foiop, frontal organ internal opening; fop, frontal organ external opening; gp, granular patches; i, intestine; mgp, male gonopore; oo, oocyte; ov, ovary; ph, pharynx; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; te, testis.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="302B36A8FFB48F04FF63FF30FD1E5612" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFB48F04FF63FF30FEF057C6" box="[199,299,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">Subadult</emphasis>
|
||||
: Total body length of 400 μm (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB48F04FD32FF30FD2957C6" box="[662,754,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[193,1395,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-33@8.[193,1395,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. DIC photomicrographs of juvenile Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. A: Internal view; B: Ventral view of the anterior body; C: Ventral view of the posterior body end.Abbreviations: an, anus; bc, buccal capsule; i, intestine; m, mouth; ph, pharynx; pp, pharyngeal pore; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tubes; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612674/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Body shape similar to adult specimens, with distinct head pear-shaped head and a tapering posterior end. A small terminal mouth to 10 μm diameter. The mouth leads into an expansive buccal capsule to 11 μm long. Pharynx with total length of 153 μm. PhIJn at U40. Pharyngeal pores at U37 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB48F04FF7CFEA4FEE8566A" box="[216,307,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[193,1395,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-33@8.[193,1395,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. DIC photomicrographs of juvenile Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. A: Internal view; B: Ventral view of the anterior body; C: Ventral view of the posterior body end.Abbreviations: an, anus; bc, buccal capsule; i, intestine; m, mouth; ph, pharynx; pp, pharyngeal pore; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tubes; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612674/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Five TbA per side arranged in fleshy hands at the neck region (U12) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB48F04FBFBFEA4FB6C566A" box="[1119,1207,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[193,1395,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-33@8.[193,1395,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. DIC photomicrographs of juvenile Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. A: Internal view; B: Ventral view of the anterior body; C: Ventral view of the posterior body end.Abbreviations: an, anus; bc, buccal capsule; i, intestine; m, mouth; ph, pharynx; pp, pharyngeal pore; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tubes; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612674/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||||
), 14–16 TbVL from U23 to U87 (Fig. 56, B) and TbV were not observed. Caudally, seven pairs of TbP are arranged symmetrically along the posterior margin from U89 to U100 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB48F04FDC4FEECFD635612" box="[608,696,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[193,1395,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-33@8.[193,1395,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. DIC photomicrographs of juvenile Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. A: Internal view; B: Ventral view of the anterior body; C: Ventral view of the posterior body end.Abbreviations: an, anus; bc, buccal capsule; i, intestine; m, mouth; ph, pharynx; pp, pharyngeal pore; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tubes; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612674/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="302B36A8FFB48F04FF63FEC8FE085682" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFB48F04FF63FEC8FE1356FE" box="[199,456,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">Muscular architecture.</emphasis>
|
||||
The muscular architecture consists of longitudinal, helicoidal, circular and semicircular muscles observed in somatic and splanchnic regions (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB48F04FD50FE34FCB856DA" box="[756,867,403,429]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 7" captionStart-1="FIGURE 8" captionStart-2="FIGURE 9" captionStartId-0="9.[152,255,1717,1741]" captionStartId-1="10.[152,255,1734,1758]" captionStartId-2="11.[152,255,1113,1137]" captionTargetBox-0="[287,1292,185,1694]" captionTargetBox-1="[255,1333,181,1710]" captionTargetBox-2="[154,1433,184,1086]" captionTargetId-0="figure-21@9.[287,1301,181,1694]" captionTargetId-1="figure-33@10.[255,1333,181,1710]" captionTargetId-2="figure-21@11.[151,1436,181,1089]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 7. Schematic drawing of the muscular architecture of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. A: Dorsal muscles; B: Ventral muscles; 1–5: transversal sections of the body, number refers to the body section’s position. Abbreviations: an, anal opening (black circle); ascm, anterior semicircular muscle (dark blue); cb, branch connector of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles (green); cmi, circular muscles of intestine region(green); cppo, circular muscles of pharyngeal pore opening (pink); cvm, central ventral longitudinal muscle (yellow); dm, dorsal longitudinal muscle (dark blue); dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle (light orange); hm, helicoidal muscle (light green); lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1 (blue); lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm1c, semicircular muscle connector of lm1(blue); lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2 (light blue); pc, circular muscle of the pharynx (pink); plm, pharyngeal longitudinal muscle (light grey); scm, somatic circular muscles branch (fade green); vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle (red); vm, ventral longitudinal muscle (orange)." captionText-1="FIGURE 8. False coloring Imaris-rendered CLSM image of a phalloidin-stained photography. A: Dorsal view of the pharynx region; B: Ventral view of the pharynx region, close-up showing the anterior semicircular muscle and the semicircular muscle connector of lm1; C: Dorsal view of the intestine region; D: Ventral intestine region. Abbreviations: an, anal opening; cmi, circular muscles of intestine region; cppo, circular muscles of pharyngeal pore opening; cvm, central ventral longitudinal muscle; dm, dorsal longitudinal muscle; dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle; fop, frontal organ external opening hm, helicoidal muscle; lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1; lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm1c, semicircular muscle connector of lm1; lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2; pc, circular muscle of the pharynx; plm, pharyngeal longitudinal muscle; scm, somatic circular muscles branch; vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle; vm, ventral longitudinal muscle." captionText-2="FIGURE 9. CSLM micrographs of the muscles of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. paratype. A–B: Imaris-rendered CLSM image of a phalloidin and DAPI stained photography, muscles in grey and nuclei in cyan. A: Dorsal view; B: Ventral view. C: Dorsal view of the maximum intensity projection (MIP) of the whole specimen, dashed lines indicating the correspondent position of transversal sections of the body. D–K: CLSM virtual transverse section of various parts of the specimen indicated on C. L: Imaris-rendered CLSM image of the connector branch of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles. Asterisk indicates dorsal longitudinal muscles, white arrowhead indicates central ventral longitudinal muscles, yellow arrowhead indicates ventral longitudinal muscles and white arrow indicates connector branch of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles. Abbreviations: an, anal opening; cmi, circular muscles of intestine region; dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle; lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1; lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2; pc, circular muscle of the pharynx; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; scm, somatic circular muscles branch; vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612676" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612681" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612685" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/11612676/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/11612681/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/11612685/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">Figs. 7–9</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Helicoidal muscles (hm) are present surrounding the entire pharynx and the first third of the intestine, enclosing the circular muscles as well as the ventral, lateral and dorsal longitudinal muscles.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="302B36A8FFB48F04FF63FE58FD07544E" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">
|
||||
Longitudinal muscles are present in dorsal, lateral, ventrolateral and ventral somatic positions. Dorsally, three pairs of longitudinal muscles (dm) insert in the mouth ring (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB48F04FC9CFD84FC40554A" box="[824,923,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[287,1292,185,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-21@9.[287,1301,181,1694]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Schematic drawing of the muscular architecture of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. A: Dorsal muscles; B: Ventral muscles; 1–5: transversal sections of the body, number refers to the body section’s position. Abbreviations: an, anal opening (black circle); ascm, anterior semicircular muscle (dark blue); cb, branch connector of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles (green); cmi, circular muscles of intestine region(green); cppo, circular muscles of pharyngeal pore opening (pink); cvm, central ventral longitudinal muscle (yellow); dm, dorsal longitudinal muscle (dark blue); dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle (light orange); hm, helicoidal muscle (light green); lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1 (blue); lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm1c, semicircular muscle connector of lm1(blue); lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2 (light blue); pc, circular muscle of the pharynx (pink); plm, pharyngeal longitudinal muscle (light grey); scm, somatic circular muscles branch (fade green); vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle (red); vm, ventral longitudinal muscle (orange)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612676/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">Figs. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and extend posterior to U90 where they fuse close to the anal sphincter (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB48F04FE6AFDE0FDE85516" box="[462,563,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[287,1292,185,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-21@9.[287,1301,181,1694]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Schematic drawing of the muscular architecture of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. A: Dorsal muscles; B: Ventral muscles; 1–5: transversal sections of the body, number refers to the body section’s position. Abbreviations: an, anal opening (black circle); ascm, anterior semicircular muscle (dark blue); cb, branch connector of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles (green); cmi, circular muscles of intestine region(green); cppo, circular muscles of pharyngeal pore opening (pink); cvm, central ventral longitudinal muscle (yellow); dm, dorsal longitudinal muscle (dark blue); dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle (light orange); hm, helicoidal muscle (light green); lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1 (blue); lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm1c, semicircular muscle connector of lm1(blue); lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2 (light blue); pc, circular muscle of the pharynx (pink); plm, pharyngeal longitudinal muscle (light grey); scm, somatic circular muscles branch (fade green); vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle (red); vm, ventral longitudinal muscle (orange)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612676/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">Figs. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB48F04FD9BFDE0FDB85516" box="[575,611,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1734,1758]" captionTargetBox="[255,1333,181,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-33@10.[255,1333,181,1710]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. False coloring Imaris-rendered CLSM image of a phalloidin-stained photography. A: Dorsal view of the pharynx region; B: Ventral view of the pharynx region, close-up showing the anterior semicircular muscle and the semicircular muscle connector of lm1; C: Dorsal view of the intestine region; D: Ventral intestine region. Abbreviations: an, anal opening; cmi, circular muscles of intestine region; cppo, circular muscles of pharyngeal pore opening; cvm, central ventral longitudinal muscle; dm, dorsal longitudinal muscle; dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle; fop, frontal organ external opening hm, helicoidal muscle; lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1; lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm1c, semicircular muscle connector of lm1; lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2; pc, circular muscle of the pharynx; plm, pharyngeal longitudinal muscle; scm, somatic circular muscles branch; vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle; vm, ventral longitudinal muscle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612681/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">8C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Two longitudinal muscles are observed on each lateral side of the body (lm1 and lm2) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB48F04FEE7FDCCFE4A55F2" box="[323,401,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[287,1292,185,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-21@9.[287,1301,181,1694]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Schematic drawing of the muscular architecture of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. A: Dorsal muscles; B: Ventral muscles; 1–5: transversal sections of the body, number refers to the body section’s position. Abbreviations: an, anal opening (black circle); ascm, anterior semicircular muscle (dark blue); cb, branch connector of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles (green); cmi, circular muscles of intestine region(green); cppo, circular muscles of pharyngeal pore opening (pink); cvm, central ventral longitudinal muscle (yellow); dm, dorsal longitudinal muscle (dark blue); dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle (light orange); hm, helicoidal muscle (light green); lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1 (blue); lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm1c, semicircular muscle connector of lm1(blue); lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2 (light blue); pc, circular muscle of the pharynx (pink); plm, pharyngeal longitudinal muscle (light grey); scm, somatic circular muscles branch (fade green); vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle (red); vm, ventral longitudinal muscle (orange)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612676/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB48F04FE38FDCCFE7755F2" box="[412,428,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1734,1758]" captionTargetBox="[255,1333,181,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-33@10.[255,1333,181,1710]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. False coloring Imaris-rendered CLSM image of a phalloidin-stained photography. A: Dorsal view of the pharynx region; B: Ventral view of the pharynx region, close-up showing the anterior semicircular muscle and the semicircular muscle connector of lm1; C: Dorsal view of the intestine region; D: Ventral intestine region. Abbreviations: an, anal opening; cmi, circular muscles of intestine region; cppo, circular muscles of pharyngeal pore opening; cvm, central ventral longitudinal muscle; dm, dorsal longitudinal muscle; dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle; fop, frontal organ external opening hm, helicoidal muscle; lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1; lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm1c, semicircular muscle connector of lm1; lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2; pc, circular muscle of the pharynx; plm, pharyngeal longitudinal muscle; scm, somatic circular muscles branch; vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle; vm, ventral longitudinal muscle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612681/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">8</figureCitation>
|
||||
). These muscles insert anteriorly into the mouth ring and extend the whole body to insert in the posterior end. Lateral longitudinal muscle 1 (lm1) presents a transversal ventral semicircular connection at U13 and shows a ramification that extends to the lateral region of the head (lm1b) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB48F04FBAFFD14FB8055BA" box="[1035,1115,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[287,1292,185,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-21@9.[287,1301,181,1694]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Schematic drawing of the muscular architecture of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. A: Dorsal muscles; B: Ventral muscles; 1–5: transversal sections of the body, number refers to the body section’s position. Abbreviations: an, anal opening (black circle); ascm, anterior semicircular muscle (dark blue); cb, branch connector of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles (green); cmi, circular muscles of intestine region(green); cppo, circular muscles of pharyngeal pore opening (pink); cvm, central ventral longitudinal muscle (yellow); dm, dorsal longitudinal muscle (dark blue); dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle (light orange); hm, helicoidal muscle (light green); lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1 (blue); lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm1c, semicircular muscle connector of lm1(blue); lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2 (light blue); pc, circular muscle of the pharynx (pink); plm, pharyngeal longitudinal muscle (light grey); scm, somatic circular muscles branch (fade green); vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle (red); vm, ventral longitudinal muscle (orange)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612676/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB48F04FBCCFD14FB7555BA" box="[1128,1198,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1734,1758]" captionTargetBox="[255,1333,181,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-33@10.[255,1333,181,1710]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. False coloring Imaris-rendered CLSM image of a phalloidin-stained photography. A: Dorsal view of the pharynx region; B: Ventral view of the pharynx region, close-up showing the anterior semicircular muscle and the semicircular muscle connector of lm1; C: Dorsal view of the intestine region; D: Ventral intestine region. Abbreviations: an, anal opening; cmi, circular muscles of intestine region; cppo, circular muscles of pharyngeal pore opening; cvm, central ventral longitudinal muscle; dm, dorsal longitudinal muscle; dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle; fop, frontal organ external opening hm, helicoidal muscle; lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1; lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm1c, semicircular muscle connector of lm1; lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2; pc, circular muscle of the pharynx; plm, pharyngeal longitudinal muscle; scm, somatic circular muscles branch; vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle; vm, ventral longitudinal muscle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612681/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">8A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB48F04FB1FFD14FB2455BA" box="[1211,1279,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1113,1137]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,184,1086]" captionTargetId="figure-21@11.[151,1436,181,1089]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 9. CSLM micrographs of the muscles of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. paratype. A–B: Imaris-rendered CLSM image of a phalloidin and DAPI stained photography, muscles in grey and nuclei in cyan. A: Dorsal view; B: Ventral view. C: Dorsal view of the maximum intensity projection (MIP) of the whole specimen, dashed lines indicating the correspondent position of transversal sections of the body. D–K: CLSM virtual transverse section of various parts of the specimen indicated on C. L: Imaris-rendered CLSM image of the connector branch of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles. Asterisk indicates dorsal longitudinal muscles, white arrowhead indicates central ventral longitudinal muscles, yellow arrowhead indicates ventral longitudinal muscles and white arrow indicates connector branch of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles. Abbreviations: an, anal opening; cmi, circular muscles of intestine region; dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle; lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1; lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2; pc, circular muscle of the pharynx; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; scm, somatic circular muscles branch; vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612685/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">9C, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The thickest longitudinal muscles are the two ventrolateral longitudinal muscles (vlm) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB48F04FC49FD70FB865586" box="[1005,1117,727,753]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 7" captionStart-1="FIGURE 8" captionStart-2="FIGURE 9" captionStartId-0="9.[152,255,1717,1741]" captionStartId-1="10.[152,255,1734,1758]" captionStartId-2="11.[152,255,1113,1137]" captionTargetBox-0="[287,1292,185,1694]" captionTargetBox-1="[255,1333,181,1710]" captionTargetBox-2="[154,1433,184,1086]" captionTargetId-0="figure-21@9.[287,1301,181,1694]" captionTargetId-1="figure-33@10.[255,1333,181,1710]" captionTargetId-2="figure-21@11.[151,1436,181,1089]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 7. Schematic drawing of the muscular architecture of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. A: Dorsal muscles; B: Ventral muscles; 1–5: transversal sections of the body, number refers to the body section’s position. Abbreviations: an, anal opening (black circle); ascm, anterior semicircular muscle (dark blue); cb, branch connector of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles (green); cmi, circular muscles of intestine region(green); cppo, circular muscles of pharyngeal pore opening (pink); cvm, central ventral longitudinal muscle (yellow); dm, dorsal longitudinal muscle (dark blue); dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle (light orange); hm, helicoidal muscle (light green); lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1 (blue); lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm1c, semicircular muscle connector of lm1(blue); lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2 (light blue); pc, circular muscle of the pharynx (pink); plm, pharyngeal longitudinal muscle (light grey); scm, somatic circular muscles branch (fade green); vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle (red); vm, ventral longitudinal muscle (orange)." captionText-1="FIGURE 8. False coloring Imaris-rendered CLSM image of a phalloidin-stained photography. A: Dorsal view of the pharynx region; B: Ventral view of the pharynx region, close-up showing the anterior semicircular muscle and the semicircular muscle connector of lm1; C: Dorsal view of the intestine region; D: Ventral intestine region. Abbreviations: an, anal opening; cmi, circular muscles of intestine region; cppo, circular muscles of pharyngeal pore opening; cvm, central ventral longitudinal muscle; dm, dorsal longitudinal muscle; dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle; fop, frontal organ external opening hm, helicoidal muscle; lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1; lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm1c, semicircular muscle connector of lm1; lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2; pc, circular muscle of the pharynx; plm, pharyngeal longitudinal muscle; scm, somatic circular muscles branch; vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle; vm, ventral longitudinal muscle." captionText-2="FIGURE 9. CSLM micrographs of the muscles of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. paratype. A–B: Imaris-rendered CLSM image of a phalloidin and DAPI stained photography, muscles in grey and nuclei in cyan. A: Dorsal view; B: Ventral view. C: Dorsal view of the maximum intensity projection (MIP) of the whole specimen, dashed lines indicating the correspondent position of transversal sections of the body. D–K: CLSM virtual transverse section of various parts of the specimen indicated on C. L: Imaris-rendered CLSM image of the connector branch of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles. Asterisk indicates dorsal longitudinal muscles, white arrowhead indicates central ventral longitudinal muscles, yellow arrowhead indicates ventral longitudinal muscles and white arrow indicates connector branch of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles. Abbreviations: an, anal opening; cmi, circular muscles of intestine region; dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle; lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1; lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2; pc, circular muscle of the pharynx; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; scm, somatic circular muscles branch; vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612676" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612681" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612685" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/11612676/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/11612681/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/11612685/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">Figs. 7–9</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Each muscle inserts at the base of the fleshy hands that bear the TbA; each muscle increases in width as it extends posteriorly, covering most of the lateral longitudinal muscles in a ventral view.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="302B36A8FFB48F04FF63FCE4FCFC5366" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">
|
||||
Ventrally, two pairs of longitudinal muscles are present in a somatic position (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB48F04FB90FCE4FB4C542A" box="[1076,1175,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[287,1292,185,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-21@9.[287,1301,181,1694]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Schematic drawing of the muscular architecture of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. A: Dorsal muscles; B: Ventral muscles; 1–5: transversal sections of the body, number refers to the body section’s position. Abbreviations: an, anal opening (black circle); ascm, anterior semicircular muscle (dark blue); cb, branch connector of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles (green); cmi, circular muscles of intestine region(green); cppo, circular muscles of pharyngeal pore opening (pink); cvm, central ventral longitudinal muscle (yellow); dm, dorsal longitudinal muscle (dark blue); dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle (light orange); hm, helicoidal muscle (light green); lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1 (blue); lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm1c, semicircular muscle connector of lm1(blue); lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2 (light blue); pc, circular muscle of the pharynx (pink); plm, pharyngeal longitudinal muscle (light grey); scm, somatic circular muscles branch (fade green); vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle (red); vm, ventral longitudinal muscle (orange)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612676/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">Figs. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB48F04FB00FCE4FB31542A" box="[1188,1258,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1734,1758]" captionTargetBox="[255,1333,181,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-33@10.[255,1333,181,1710]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. False coloring Imaris-rendered CLSM image of a phalloidin-stained photography. A: Dorsal view of the pharynx region; B: Ventral view of the pharynx region, close-up showing the anterior semicircular muscle and the semicircular muscle connector of lm1; C: Dorsal view of the intestine region; D: Ventral intestine region. Abbreviations: an, anal opening; cmi, circular muscles of intestine region; cppo, circular muscles of pharyngeal pore opening; cvm, central ventral longitudinal muscle; dm, dorsal longitudinal muscle; dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle; fop, frontal organ external opening hm, helicoidal muscle; lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1; lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm1c, semicircular muscle connector of lm1; lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2; pc, circular muscle of the pharynx; plm, pharyngeal longitudinal muscle; scm, somatic circular muscles branch; vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle; vm, ventral longitudinal muscle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612681/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">8B, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB48F04FB53FCE4FA8E542A" box="[1271,1365,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1113,1137]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,184,1086]" captionTargetId="figure-21@11.[151,1436,181,1089]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 9. CSLM micrographs of the muscles of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. paratype. A–B: Imaris-rendered CLSM image of a phalloidin and DAPI stained photography, muscles in grey and nuclei in cyan. A: Dorsal view; B: Ventral view. C: Dorsal view of the maximum intensity projection (MIP) of the whole specimen, dashed lines indicating the correspondent position of transversal sections of the body. D–K: CLSM virtual transverse section of various parts of the specimen indicated on C. L: Imaris-rendered CLSM image of the connector branch of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles. Asterisk indicates dorsal longitudinal muscles, white arrowhead indicates central ventral longitudinal muscles, yellow arrowhead indicates ventral longitudinal muscles and white arrow indicates connector branch of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles. Abbreviations: an, anal opening; cmi, circular muscles of intestine region; dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle; lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1; lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2; pc, circular muscle of the pharynx; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; scm, somatic circular muscles branch; vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612685/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">9D, H, I</figureCitation>
|
||||
). This central pair of longitudinal muscles (cvm) inserts anteriorly in the mouth ring and extends to the anal sphincter at U90. Lateral to these central muscles is an additional pair of longitudinal muscles (vm) that extend from the mouth ring to the posterior body end (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB48F04FE5CFC08FD8054BE" box="[504,603,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[287,1292,185,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-21@9.[287,1301,181,1694]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Schematic drawing of the muscular architecture of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. A: Dorsal muscles; B: Ventral muscles; 1–5: transversal sections of the body, number refers to the body section’s position. Abbreviations: an, anal opening (black circle); ascm, anterior semicircular muscle (dark blue); cb, branch connector of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles (green); cmi, circular muscles of intestine region(green); cppo, circular muscles of pharyngeal pore opening (pink); cvm, central ventral longitudinal muscle (yellow); dm, dorsal longitudinal muscle (dark blue); dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle (light orange); hm, helicoidal muscle (light green); lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1 (blue); lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm1c, semicircular muscle connector of lm1(blue); lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2 (light blue); pc, circular muscle of the pharynx (pink); plm, pharyngeal longitudinal muscle (light grey); scm, somatic circular muscles branch (fade green); vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle (red); vm, ventral longitudinal muscle (orange)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612676/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">Figs. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB48F04FDCCFC08FD7554BE" box="[616,686,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1734,1758]" captionTargetBox="[255,1333,181,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-33@10.[255,1333,181,1710]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. False coloring Imaris-rendered CLSM image of a phalloidin-stained photography. A: Dorsal view of the pharynx region; B: Ventral view of the pharynx region, close-up showing the anterior semicircular muscle and the semicircular muscle connector of lm1; C: Dorsal view of the intestine region; D: Ventral intestine region. Abbreviations: an, anal opening; cmi, circular muscles of intestine region; cppo, circular muscles of pharyngeal pore opening; cvm, central ventral longitudinal muscle; dm, dorsal longitudinal muscle; dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle; fop, frontal organ external opening hm, helicoidal muscle; lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1; lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm1c, semicircular muscle connector of lm1; lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2; pc, circular muscle of the pharynx; plm, pharyngeal longitudinal muscle; scm, somatic circular muscles branch; vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle; vm, ventral longitudinal muscle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612681/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">8B, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB48F04FD1FFC08FD3A54BE" box="[699,737,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1113,1137]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,184,1086]" captionTargetId="figure-21@11.[151,1436,181,1089]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 9. CSLM micrographs of the muscles of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. paratype. A–B: Imaris-rendered CLSM image of a phalloidin and DAPI stained photography, muscles in grey and nuclei in cyan. A: Dorsal view; B: Ventral view. C: Dorsal view of the maximum intensity projection (MIP) of the whole specimen, dashed lines indicating the correspondent position of transversal sections of the body. D–K: CLSM virtual transverse section of various parts of the specimen indicated on C. L: Imaris-rendered CLSM image of the connector branch of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles. Asterisk indicates dorsal longitudinal muscles, white arrowhead indicates central ventral longitudinal muscles, yellow arrowhead indicates ventral longitudinal muscles and white arrow indicates connector branch of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles. Abbreviations: an, anal opening; cmi, circular muscles of intestine region; dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle; lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1; lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2; pc, circular muscle of the pharynx; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; scm, somatic circular muscles branch; vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612685/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">9D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). An additional pair of tiny longitudinal muscles (plm) inserts on the mouth ring crossing each other at U03 and extends to PhIJ but the real position remains unclear but appear to be inside the pharynx circular muscles (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB48F04FDF0FC50FD315366" box="[596,746,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[287,1292,185,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-21@9.[287,1301,181,1694]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Schematic drawing of the muscular architecture of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. A: Dorsal muscles; B: Ventral muscles; 1–5: transversal sections of the body, number refers to the body section’s position. Abbreviations: an, anal opening (black circle); ascm, anterior semicircular muscle (dark blue); cb, branch connector of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles (green); cmi, circular muscles of intestine region(green); cppo, circular muscles of pharyngeal pore opening (pink); cvm, central ventral longitudinal muscle (yellow); dm, dorsal longitudinal muscle (dark blue); dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle (light orange); hm, helicoidal muscle (light green); lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1 (blue); lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm1c, semicircular muscle connector of lm1(blue); lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2 (light blue); pc, circular muscle of the pharynx (pink); plm, pharyngeal longitudinal muscle (light grey); scm, somatic circular muscles branch (fade green); vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle (red); vm, ventral longitudinal muscle (orange)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612676/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">Figs. 7B, 7-1</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB48F04FD53FC50FCC15366" box="[759,794,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1734,1758]" captionTargetBox="[255,1333,181,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-33@10.[255,1333,181,1710]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. False coloring Imaris-rendered CLSM image of a phalloidin-stained photography. A: Dorsal view of the pharynx region; B: Ventral view of the pharynx region, close-up showing the anterior semicircular muscle and the semicircular muscle connector of lm1; C: Dorsal view of the intestine region; D: Ventral intestine region. Abbreviations: an, anal opening; cmi, circular muscles of intestine region; cppo, circular muscles of pharyngeal pore opening; cvm, central ventral longitudinal muscle; dm, dorsal longitudinal muscle; dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle; fop, frontal organ external opening hm, helicoidal muscle; lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1; lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm1c, semicircular muscle connector of lm1; lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2; pc, circular muscle of the pharynx; plm, pharyngeal longitudinal muscle; scm, somatic circular muscles branch; vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle; vm, ventral longitudinal muscle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612681/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">8B</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="302B36A8FFB48F04FF63FBBCFDFE5246" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">
|
||||
Circular muscles are present in somatic and splanchnic positions. The pharynx is composed of only visceral complete circular muscles (pc) from the mouth ring to PhIJ. Each pharyngeal pore has a strong sphincter composed by several circular muscles and a -∞ shape thin muscle connecting both pores (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB48F04FBB5FBC4FBAD530A" box="[1041,1142,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1734,1758]" captionTargetBox="[255,1333,181,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-33@10.[255,1333,181,1710]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. False coloring Imaris-rendered CLSM image of a phalloidin-stained photography. A: Dorsal view of the pharynx region; B: Ventral view of the pharynx region, close-up showing the anterior semicircular muscle and the semicircular muscle connector of lm1; C: Dorsal view of the intestine region; D: Ventral intestine region. Abbreviations: an, anal opening; cmi, circular muscles of intestine region; cppo, circular muscles of pharyngeal pore opening; cvm, central ventral longitudinal muscle; dm, dorsal longitudinal muscle; dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle; fop, frontal organ external opening hm, helicoidal muscle; lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1; lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm1c, semicircular muscle connector of lm1; lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2; pc, circular muscle of the pharynx; plm, pharyngeal longitudinal muscle; scm, somatic circular muscles branch; vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle; vm, ventral longitudinal muscle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612681/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">Figs. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB48F04FB26FBC4FB73530A" box="[1154,1192,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1113,1137]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,184,1086]" captionTargetId="figure-21@11.[151,1436,181,1089]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 9. CSLM micrographs of the muscles of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. paratype. A–B: Imaris-rendered CLSM image of a phalloidin and DAPI stained photography, muscles in grey and nuclei in cyan. A: Dorsal view; B: Ventral view. C: Dorsal view of the maximum intensity projection (MIP) of the whole specimen, dashed lines indicating the correspondent position of transversal sections of the body. D–K: CLSM virtual transverse section of various parts of the specimen indicated on C. L: Imaris-rendered CLSM image of the connector branch of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles. Asterisk indicates dorsal longitudinal muscles, white arrowhead indicates central ventral longitudinal muscles, yellow arrowhead indicates ventral longitudinal muscles and white arrow indicates connector branch of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles. Abbreviations: an, anal opening; cmi, circular muscles of intestine region; dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle; lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1; lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2; pc, circular muscle of the pharynx; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; scm, somatic circular muscles branch; vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612685/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">9G</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The intestine region has circular muscles in somatic and splanchnic positions. Complete circular muscles (cmi) are present from the PhIJ (U40) to anal region at U90 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB48F04FE78FB0CFDF053B2" box="[476,555,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[287,1292,185,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-21@9.[287,1301,181,1694]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Schematic drawing of the muscular architecture of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. A: Dorsal muscles; B: Ventral muscles; 1–5: transversal sections of the body, number refers to the body section’s position. Abbreviations: an, anal opening (black circle); ascm, anterior semicircular muscle (dark blue); cb, branch connector of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles (green); cmi, circular muscles of intestine region(green); cppo, circular muscles of pharyngeal pore opening (pink); cvm, central ventral longitudinal muscle (yellow); dm, dorsal longitudinal muscle (dark blue); dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle (light orange); hm, helicoidal muscle (light green); lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1 (blue); lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm1c, semicircular muscle connector of lm1(blue); lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2 (light blue); pc, circular muscle of the pharynx (pink); plm, pharyngeal longitudinal muscle (light grey); scm, somatic circular muscles branch (fade green); vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle (red); vm, ventral longitudinal muscle (orange)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612676/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB48F04FD9CFB0CFDA653B2" box="[568,637,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1734,1758]" captionTargetBox="[255,1333,181,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-33@10.[255,1333,181,1710]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. False coloring Imaris-rendered CLSM image of a phalloidin-stained photography. A: Dorsal view of the pharynx region; B: Ventral view of the pharynx region, close-up showing the anterior semicircular muscle and the semicircular muscle connector of lm1; C: Dorsal view of the intestine region; D: Ventral intestine region. Abbreviations: an, anal opening; cmi, circular muscles of intestine region; cppo, circular muscles of pharyngeal pore opening; cvm, central ventral longitudinal muscle; dm, dorsal longitudinal muscle; dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle; fop, frontal organ external opening hm, helicoidal muscle; lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1; lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm1c, semicircular muscle connector of lm1; lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2; pc, circular muscle of the pharynx; plm, pharyngeal longitudinal muscle; scm, somatic circular muscles branch; vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle; vm, ventral longitudinal muscle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612681/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">8C, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB48F04FD2DFB0CFD1F53B2" box="[649,708,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1113,1137]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,184,1086]" captionTargetId="figure-21@11.[151,1436,181,1089]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 9. CSLM micrographs of the muscles of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. paratype. A–B: Imaris-rendered CLSM image of a phalloidin and DAPI stained photography, muscles in grey and nuclei in cyan. A: Dorsal view; B: Ventral view. C: Dorsal view of the maximum intensity projection (MIP) of the whole specimen, dashed lines indicating the correspondent position of transversal sections of the body. D–K: CLSM virtual transverse section of various parts of the specimen indicated on C. L: Imaris-rendered CLSM image of the connector branch of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles. Asterisk indicates dorsal longitudinal muscles, white arrowhead indicates central ventral longitudinal muscles, yellow arrowhead indicates ventral longitudinal muscles and white arrow indicates connector branch of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles. Abbreviations: an, anal opening; cmi, circular muscles of intestine region; dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle; lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1; lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2; pc, circular muscle of the pharynx; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; scm, somatic circular muscles branch; vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612685/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">9H, I</figureCitation>
|
||||
), where it opens to outside (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB48F04FBA4FB0CFBBC53B2" box="[1024,1127,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[287,1292,185,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-21@9.[287,1301,181,1694]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Schematic drawing of the muscular architecture of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. A: Dorsal muscles; B: Ventral muscles; 1–5: transversal sections of the body, number refers to the body section’s position. Abbreviations: an, anal opening (black circle); ascm, anterior semicircular muscle (dark blue); cb, branch connector of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles (green); cmi, circular muscles of intestine region(green); cppo, circular muscles of pharyngeal pore opening (pink); cvm, central ventral longitudinal muscle (yellow); dm, dorsal longitudinal muscle (dark blue); dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle (light orange); hm, helicoidal muscle (light green); lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1 (blue); lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm1c, semicircular muscle connector of lm1(blue); lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2 (light blue); pc, circular muscle of the pharynx (pink); plm, pharyngeal longitudinal muscle (light grey); scm, somatic circular muscles branch (fade green); vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle (red); vm, ventral longitudinal muscle (orange)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612676/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">Figs. 7-4</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB48F04FBD7FB0CFB5753B2" box="[1139,1164,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1113,1137]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,184,1086]" captionTargetId="figure-21@11.[151,1436,181,1089]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 9. CSLM micrographs of the muscles of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. paratype. A–B: Imaris-rendered CLSM image of a phalloidin and DAPI stained photography, muscles in grey and nuclei in cyan. A: Dorsal view; B: Ventral view. C: Dorsal view of the maximum intensity projection (MIP) of the whole specimen, dashed lines indicating the correspondent position of transversal sections of the body. D–K: CLSM virtual transverse section of various parts of the specimen indicated on C. L: Imaris-rendered CLSM image of the connector branch of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles. Asterisk indicates dorsal longitudinal muscles, white arrowhead indicates central ventral longitudinal muscles, yellow arrowhead indicates ventral longitudinal muscles and white arrow indicates connector branch of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles. Abbreviations: an, anal opening; cmi, circular muscles of intestine region; dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle; lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1; lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2; pc, circular muscle of the pharynx; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; scm, somatic circular muscles branch; vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612685/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">9J</figureCitation>
|
||||
), wrapping the intestine tube and developed eggs. An additional independent somatic complete circular muscle (scm) encloses lm1, lm2 and vm from U45 to U91 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB48F04FE62FB54FDCD527A" box="[454,534,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[287,1292,185,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-21@9.[287,1301,181,1694]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Schematic drawing of the muscular architecture of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. A: Dorsal muscles; B: Ventral muscles; 1–5: transversal sections of the body, number refers to the body section’s position. Abbreviations: an, anal opening (black circle); ascm, anterior semicircular muscle (dark blue); cb, branch connector of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles (green); cmi, circular muscles of intestine region(green); cppo, circular muscles of pharyngeal pore opening (pink); cvm, central ventral longitudinal muscle (yellow); dm, dorsal longitudinal muscle (dark blue); dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle (light orange); hm, helicoidal muscle (light green); lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1 (blue); lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm1c, semicircular muscle connector of lm1(blue); lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2 (light blue); pc, circular muscle of the pharynx (pink); plm, pharyngeal longitudinal muscle (light grey); scm, somatic circular muscles branch (fade green); vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle (red); vm, ventral longitudinal muscle (orange)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612676/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB48F04FD87FB54FDB0527A" box="[547,619,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1734,1758]" captionTargetBox="[255,1333,181,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-33@10.[255,1333,181,1710]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. False coloring Imaris-rendered CLSM image of a phalloidin-stained photography. A: Dorsal view of the pharynx region; B: Ventral view of the pharynx region, close-up showing the anterior semicircular muscle and the semicircular muscle connector of lm1; C: Dorsal view of the intestine region; D: Ventral intestine region. Abbreviations: an, anal opening; cmi, circular muscles of intestine region; cppo, circular muscles of pharyngeal pore opening; cvm, central ventral longitudinal muscle; dm, dorsal longitudinal muscle; dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle; fop, frontal organ external opening hm, helicoidal muscle; lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1; lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm1c, semicircular muscle connector of lm1; lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2; pc, circular muscle of the pharynx; plm, pharyngeal longitudinal muscle; scm, somatic circular muscles branch; vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle; vm, ventral longitudinal muscle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612681/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">8C, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). A small linear branch (cb) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB48F04FC10FB54FBC7527A" box="[948,1052,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[287,1292,185,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-21@9.[287,1301,181,1694]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Schematic drawing of the muscular architecture of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. A: Dorsal muscles; B: Ventral muscles; 1–5: transversal sections of the body, number refers to the body section’s position. Abbreviations: an, anal opening (black circle); ascm, anterior semicircular muscle (dark blue); cb, branch connector of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles (green); cmi, circular muscles of intestine region(green); cppo, circular muscles of pharyngeal pore opening (pink); cvm, central ventral longitudinal muscle (yellow); dm, dorsal longitudinal muscle (dark blue); dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle (light orange); hm, helicoidal muscle (light green); lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1 (blue); lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm1c, semicircular muscle connector of lm1(blue); lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2 (light blue); pc, circular muscle of the pharynx (pink); plm, pharyngeal longitudinal muscle (light grey); scm, somatic circular muscles branch (fade green); vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle (red); vm, ventral longitudinal muscle (orange)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612676/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">Figs. 7-3</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB48F04FB8DFB54FBB0527A" box="[1065,1131,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1113,1137]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,184,1086]" captionTargetId="figure-21@11.[151,1436,181,1089]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 9. CSLM micrographs of the muscles of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. paratype. A–B: Imaris-rendered CLSM image of a phalloidin and DAPI stained photography, muscles in grey and nuclei in cyan. A: Dorsal view; B: Ventral view. C: Dorsal view of the maximum intensity projection (MIP) of the whole specimen, dashed lines indicating the correspondent position of transversal sections of the body. D–K: CLSM virtual transverse section of various parts of the specimen indicated on C. L: Imaris-rendered CLSM image of the connector branch of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles. Asterisk indicates dorsal longitudinal muscles, white arrowhead indicates central ventral longitudinal muscles, yellow arrowhead indicates ventral longitudinal muscles and white arrow indicates connector branch of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles. Abbreviations: an, anal opening; cmi, circular muscles of intestine region; dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle; lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1; lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2; pc, circular muscle of the pharynx; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; scm, somatic circular muscles branch; vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612685/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">9H, L</figureCitation>
|
||||
) connecting the visceral to somatic circular muscles is present.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="302B36A8FFB48F04FF63FA9CFBAE5292" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">
|
||||
Posterior to the anal region, a series of dorsal semicircular muscles (dscm) are observed covering the complex composed by ventrolateral, laterals and ventral muscles to the posterior end of the body (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB48F04FB34FAF8FAF0520E" box="[1168,1323,1374,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[287,1292,185,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-21@9.[287,1301,181,1694]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Schematic drawing of the muscular architecture of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. A: Dorsal muscles; B: Ventral muscles; 1–5: transversal sections of the body, number refers to the body section’s position. Abbreviations: an, anal opening (black circle); ascm, anterior semicircular muscle (dark blue); cb, branch connector of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles (green); cmi, circular muscles of intestine region(green); cppo, circular muscles of pharyngeal pore opening (pink); cvm, central ventral longitudinal muscle (yellow); dm, dorsal longitudinal muscle (dark blue); dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle (light orange); hm, helicoidal muscle (light green); lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1 (blue); lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm1c, semicircular muscle connector of lm1(blue); lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2 (light blue); pc, circular muscle of the pharynx (pink); plm, pharyngeal longitudinal muscle (light grey); scm, somatic circular muscles branch (fade green); vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle (red); vm, ventral longitudinal muscle (orange)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612676/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">Figs. 7A, 7-5</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB48F04FA9DFAF8FA87520E" box="[1337,1372,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1734,1758]" captionTargetBox="[255,1333,181,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-33@10.[255,1333,181,1710]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. False coloring Imaris-rendered CLSM image of a phalloidin-stained photography. A: Dorsal view of the pharynx region; B: Ventral view of the pharynx region, close-up showing the anterior semicircular muscle and the semicircular muscle connector of lm1; C: Dorsal view of the intestine region; D: Ventral intestine region. Abbreviations: an, anal opening; cmi, circular muscles of intestine region; cppo, circular muscles of pharyngeal pore opening; cvm, central ventral longitudinal muscle; dm, dorsal longitudinal muscle; dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle; fop, frontal organ external opening hm, helicoidal muscle; lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1; lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm1c, semicircular muscle connector of lm1; lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2; pc, circular muscle of the pharynx; plm, pharyngeal longitudinal muscle; scm, somatic circular muscles branch; vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle; vm, ventral longitudinal muscle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612681/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">8C</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB48F04FACEFAF8FA54520E" box="[1386,1423,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1113,1137]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,184,1086]" captionTargetId="figure-21@11.[151,1436,181,1089]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 9. CSLM micrographs of the muscles of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. paratype. A–B: Imaris-rendered CLSM image of a phalloidin and DAPI stained photography, muscles in grey and nuclei in cyan. A: Dorsal view; B: Ventral view. C: Dorsal view of the maximum intensity projection (MIP) of the whole specimen, dashed lines indicating the correspondent position of transversal sections of the body. D–K: CLSM virtual transverse section of various parts of the specimen indicated on C. L: Imaris-rendered CLSM image of the connector branch of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles. Asterisk indicates dorsal longitudinal muscles, white arrowhead indicates central ventral longitudinal muscles, yellow arrowhead indicates ventral longitudinal muscles and white arrow indicates connector branch of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles. Abbreviations: an, anal opening; cmi, circular muscles of intestine region; dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle; lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1; lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2; pc, circular muscle of the pharynx; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; scm, somatic circular muscles branch; vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612685/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">9K</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ventrally, on the anterior region of the body, two other semicircular muscles can be observed (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB48F04FB06FA24FAD852EA" box="[1186,1283,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[287,1292,185,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-21@9.[287,1301,181,1694]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Schematic drawing of the muscular architecture of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. A: Dorsal muscles; B: Ventral muscles; 1–5: transversal sections of the body, number refers to the body section’s position. Abbreviations: an, anal opening (black circle); ascm, anterior semicircular muscle (dark blue); cb, branch connector of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles (green); cmi, circular muscles of intestine region(green); cppo, circular muscles of pharyngeal pore opening (pink); cvm, central ventral longitudinal muscle (yellow); dm, dorsal longitudinal muscle (dark blue); dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle (light orange); hm, helicoidal muscle (light green); lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1 (blue); lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm1c, semicircular muscle connector of lm1(blue); lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2 (light blue); pc, circular muscle of the pharynx (pink); plm, pharyngeal longitudinal muscle (light grey); scm, somatic circular muscles branch (fade green); vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle (red); vm, ventral longitudinal muscle (orange)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612676/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">Figs. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB48F04FAAAFA24FAEA52EA" box="[1294,1329,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1734,1758]" captionTargetBox="[255,1333,181,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-33@10.[255,1333,181,1710]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. False coloring Imaris-rendered CLSM image of a phalloidin-stained photography. A: Dorsal view of the pharynx region; B: Ventral view of the pharynx region, close-up showing the anterior semicircular muscle and the semicircular muscle connector of lm1; C: Dorsal view of the intestine region; D: Ventral intestine region. Abbreviations: an, anal opening; cmi, circular muscles of intestine region; cppo, circular muscles of pharyngeal pore opening; cvm, central ventral longitudinal muscle; dm, dorsal longitudinal muscle; dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle; fop, frontal organ external opening hm, helicoidal muscle; lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1; lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm1c, semicircular muscle connector of lm1; lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2; pc, circular muscle of the pharynx; plm, pharyngeal longitudinal muscle; scm, somatic circular muscles branch; vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle; vm, ventral longitudinal muscle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612681/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">8B</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB48F04FA98FA24FA8452EA" box="[1340,1375,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1113,1137]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,184,1086]" captionTargetId="figure-21@11.[151,1436,181,1089]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 9. CSLM micrographs of the muscles of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. paratype. A–B: Imaris-rendered CLSM image of a phalloidin and DAPI stained photography, muscles in grey and nuclei in cyan. A: Dorsal view; B: Ventral view. C: Dorsal view of the maximum intensity projection (MIP) of the whole specimen, dashed lines indicating the correspondent position of transversal sections of the body. D–K: CLSM virtual transverse section of various parts of the specimen indicated on C. L: Imaris-rendered CLSM image of the connector branch of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles. Asterisk indicates dorsal longitudinal muscles, white arrowhead indicates central ventral longitudinal muscles, yellow arrowhead indicates ventral longitudinal muscles and white arrow indicates connector branch of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles. Abbreviations: an, anal opening; cmi, circular muscles of intestine region; dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle; lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1; lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2; pc, circular muscle of the pharynx; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; scm, somatic circular muscles branch; vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612685/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">9E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The first one (ascm), positioned at U10 surrounding the pharynx and the two lateral longitudinal muscles; the second (lm1c), as mentioned above, connects the lateral longitudinal muscle 1 at U13 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB48F04FBB4FA6CFBB35292" box="[1040,1128,1483,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1734,1758]" captionTargetBox="[255,1333,181,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-33@10.[255,1333,181,1710]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. False coloring Imaris-rendered CLSM image of a phalloidin-stained photography. A: Dorsal view of the pharynx region; B: Ventral view of the pharynx region, close-up showing the anterior semicircular muscle and the semicircular muscle connector of lm1; C: Dorsal view of the intestine region; D: Ventral intestine region. Abbreviations: an, anal opening; cmi, circular muscles of intestine region; cppo, circular muscles of pharyngeal pore opening; cvm, central ventral longitudinal muscle; dm, dorsal longitudinal muscle; dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle; fop, frontal organ external opening hm, helicoidal muscle; lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1; lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm1c, semicircular muscle connector of lm1; lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2; pc, circular muscle of the pharynx; plm, pharyngeal longitudinal muscle; scm, somatic circular muscles branch; vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle; vm, ventral longitudinal muscle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612681/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="302B36A8FFB48F04FF63FA48FBA7515A" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">
|
||||
Regarding the reproductive apparatus, no fluorescence signal was observed surrounding frontal and caudal organs. However, the frontal organ opening was observed in a single specimen (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB48F04FBB3F9B4FBB4515A" box="[1047,1135,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1734,1758]" captionTargetBox="[255,1333,181,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-33@10.[255,1333,181,1710]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. False coloring Imaris-rendered CLSM image of a phalloidin-stained photography. A: Dorsal view of the pharynx region; B: Ventral view of the pharynx region, close-up showing the anterior semicircular muscle and the semicircular muscle connector of lm1; C: Dorsal view of the intestine region; D: Ventral intestine region. Abbreviations: an, anal opening; cmi, circular muscles of intestine region; cppo, circular muscles of pharyngeal pore opening; cvm, central ventral longitudinal muscle; dm, dorsal longitudinal muscle; dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle; fop, frontal organ external opening hm, helicoidal muscle; lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1; lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm1c, semicircular muscle connector of lm1; lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2; pc, circular muscle of the pharynx; plm, pharyngeal longitudinal muscle; scm, somatic circular muscles branch; vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle; vm, ventral longitudinal muscle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612681/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="302B36A8FFB48F04FF63F990FDF351CA" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFB48F04FF63F990FECB5126" box="[199,272,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">Nuclei</emphasis>
|
||||
. A similar pattern which was described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="54054B59FFB48F04FCA8F990FC2B5126" author="Wiedermann, A." box="[780,1008,1590,1617]" pageId="7" pageNumber="588" pagination="173 - 233" refId="ref9852" refString="Wiedermann, A. (1995) On the ultrastructure of the nervous system in Cephalodasys maximus (Macrodasyida, Gastrotricha). Zur Ultrastruktur des Nervensystems bei Cephalodasys maximus (Macrodasyida, Gastrotricha). Microfauna Marina, 10, 173 - 233." type="journal article" year="1995">Wiedermann (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F7944D2BFFB48F04FB81F990FF145102" authority="Remane, 1926" authorityName="Remane" authorityYear="1926" family="Cephalodasyidae" genus="Cephalodasys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="7" pageNumber="588" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="maximus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFB48F04FB81F990FAEB5127" box="[1061,1328,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">Cephalodasys maximus</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="54054B59FFB48F04FA9DF990FF145102" author="Remane, A." pageId="7" pageNumber="588" pagination="625 - 754" refId="ref8785" refString="Remane, A. (1926) Morphologie und verwandtschaftsbeziehungen der aberranten gastrotrichen I. Zeitschrift fr Morphologie und Ukologie der Tiere, 5 (4), 625 - 754. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 00408293" type="journal article" year="1926">Remane, 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was observed on the new species. A large concentration of nuclei was observed on the dorsal head, probably brain region and along the dorsolateral body regions (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB48F04FD4FF9D8FC9F51EE" box="[747,836,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1113,1137]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,184,1086]" captionTargetId="figure-21@11.[151,1436,181,1089]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 9. CSLM micrographs of the muscles of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. paratype. A–B: Imaris-rendered CLSM image of a phalloidin and DAPI stained photography, muscles in grey and nuclei in cyan. A: Dorsal view; B: Ventral view. C: Dorsal view of the maximum intensity projection (MIP) of the whole specimen, dashed lines indicating the correspondent position of transversal sections of the body. D–K: CLSM virtual transverse section of various parts of the specimen indicated on C. L: Imaris-rendered CLSM image of the connector branch of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles. Asterisk indicates dorsal longitudinal muscles, white arrowhead indicates central ventral longitudinal muscles, yellow arrowhead indicates ventral longitudinal muscles and white arrow indicates connector branch of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles. Abbreviations: an, anal opening; cmi, circular muscles of intestine region; dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle; lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1; lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2; pc, circular muscle of the pharynx; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; scm, somatic circular muscles branch; vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612685/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ventrally, a large number of nuclei are present along the entire intestine length (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB48F04FE66F904FDC051CA" box="[450,539,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1113,1137]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,184,1086]" captionTargetId="figure-21@11.[151,1436,181,1089]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 9. CSLM micrographs of the muscles of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. paratype. A–B: Imaris-rendered CLSM image of a phalloidin and DAPI stained photography, muscles in grey and nuclei in cyan. A: Dorsal view; B: Ventral view. C: Dorsal view of the maximum intensity projection (MIP) of the whole specimen, dashed lines indicating the correspondent position of transversal sections of the body. D–K: CLSM virtual transverse section of various parts of the specimen indicated on C. L: Imaris-rendered CLSM image of the connector branch of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles. Asterisk indicates dorsal longitudinal muscles, white arrowhead indicates central ventral longitudinal muscles, yellow arrowhead indicates ventral longitudinal muscles and white arrow indicates connector branch of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles. Abbreviations: an, anal opening; cmi, circular muscles of intestine region; dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle; lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1; lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2; pc, circular muscle of the pharynx; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; scm, somatic circular muscles branch; vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612685/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="588">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<caption id="64EB6620FFBB8F0BFF3CF8D2FA4250A2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612674" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11612674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612674/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="589" startId="8.[152,255,1909,1933]" targetBox="[193,1395,181,1885]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="302B36A8FFBB8F0BFF3CF8D2FA4250A2" blockId="8.[151,1436,1909,2005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="589">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFBB8F0BFF3CF8D2FEC050FA" bold="true" box="[152,283,1909,1933]" pageId="8" pageNumber="589">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||||
DIC photomicrographs of juvenile
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F7944D2BFFBB8F0BFD36F8D2FC4C50FA" authority="Araújo, 2024" authorityName="Araújo" authorityYear="2024" box="[658,919,1909,1933]" family="Cephalodasyidae" genus="Cephalodasys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="8" pageNumber="589" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="mariannae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFBB8F0BFD36F8D2FC4C50FA" box="[658,919,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="589">Cephalodasys mariannae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="19D357C1FFBB8F0BFC04F8D2FC2A50FB" box="[928,1009,1909,1932]" pageId="8" pageNumber="589" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
A: Internal view; B: Ventral view of the anterior body; C: Ventral view of the posterior body end. Abbreviations: an, anus; bc, buccal capsule; i, intestine; m, mouth; ph, pharynx; pp, pharyngeal pore; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tubes; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="64EB6620FFBA8F0AFF3CF912FC915099" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612676" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11612676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612676/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="590" startId="9.[152,255,1717,1741]" targetBox="[287,1292,185,1694]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="302B36A8FFBA8F0AFF3CF912FC915099" blockId="9.[151,1436,1717,2030]" pageId="9" pageNumber="590">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFBA8F0AFF3CF912FEC751B9" bold="true" box="[152,284,1717,1742]" pageId="9" pageNumber="590">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||||
Schematic drawing of the muscular architecture of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F7944D2BFFBA8F0AFCE2F912FB9651BA" authority="Araújo, 2024" authorityName="Araújo" authorityYear="2024" box="[838,1101,1717,1741]" family="Cephalodasyidae" genus="Cephalodasys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="9" pageNumber="590" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="mariannae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFBA8F0AFCE2F912FB9651BA" box="[838,1101,1717,1741]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="590">Cephalodasys mariannae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="19D357C1FFBA8F0AFBF2F911FB7251BA" box="[1110,1193,1718,1741]" pageId="9" pageNumber="590" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
A: Dorsal muscles; B: Ventral muscles; 1–5: transversal sections of the body, number refers to the body section’s position. Abbreviations: an, anal opening (black circle); ascm, anterior semicircular muscle (dark blue); cb, branch connector of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles (green); cmi, circular muscles of intestine region(green); cppo, circular muscles of pharyngeal pore opening (pink); cvm, central ventral longitudinal muscle (yellow); dm, dorsal longitudinal muscle (dark blue); dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle (light orange); hm, helicoidal muscle (light green); lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1 (blue); lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm1c, semicircular muscle connector of lm1(blue); lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2 (light blue); pc, circular muscle of the pharynx (pink); plm, pharyngeal longitudinal muscle (light grey); scm, somatic circular muscles branch (fade green); vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle (red); vm, ventral longitudinal muscle (orange).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="64EB6620FFB98F09FF3CF961FBC050AD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612681" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11612681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612681/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="591" startId="10.[152,255,1734,1758]" targetBox="[255,1333,181,1710]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="302B36A8FFB98F09FF3CF961FBC050AD" blockId="10.[151,1436,1734,2010]" pageId="10" pageNumber="591">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFB98F09FF3CF961FEC251A9" bold="true" box="[152,281,1734,1758]" pageId="10" pageNumber="591">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||||
False coloring Imaris-rendered CLSM image of a phalloidin-stained photography. A: Dorsal view of the pharynx region; B: Ventral view of the pharynx region, close-up showing the anterior semicircular muscle and the semicircular muscle connector of lm1; C: Dorsal view of the intestine region; D: Ventral intestine region. Abbreviations: an, anal opening; cmi, circular muscles of intestine region; cppo, circular muscles of pharyngeal pore opening; cvm, central ventral longitudinal muscle; dm, dorsal longitudinal muscle; dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle; fop, frontal organ external opening hm, helicoidal muscle; lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1; lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm1c, semicircular muscle connector of lm1; lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2; pc, circular muscle of the pharynx; plm, pharyngeal longitudinal muscle; scm, somatic circular muscles branch; vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle; vm, ventral longitudinal muscle.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="64EB6620FFB88F08FF3CFBFEFBD252C2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612685" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11612685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612685/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="592" startId="11.[152,255,1113,1137]" targetBox="[154,1433,184,1086]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="302B36A8FFB88F08FF3CFBFEFBD252C2" blockId="11.[151,1437,1113,1461]" pageId="11" pageNumber="592">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFB88F08FF3CFBFEFEC35306" bold="true" box="[152,280,1113,1137]" pageId="11" pageNumber="592">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||||
CSLM micrographs of the muscles of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F7944D2BFFB88F08FD07FBFEFC7D5306" authority="Araújo, 2024" authorityName="Araújo" authorityYear="2024" box="[675,934,1113,1137]" family="Cephalodasyidae" genus="Cephalodasys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="11" pageNumber="592" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="mariannae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFB88F08FD07FBFEFC7D5306" box="[675,934,1113,1137]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="592">Cephalodasys mariannae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="19D357C1FFB88F08FC08FBFDFC215306" box="[940,1018,1114,1137]" pageId="11" pageNumber="592" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
paratype. A–B: Imaris-rendered CLSM image of a phalloidin and DAPI stained photography, muscles in grey and nuclei in cyan. A: Dorsal view; B: Ventral view. C: Dorsal view of the maximum intensity projection (MIP) of the whole specimen, dashed lines indicating the correspondent position of transversal sections of the body. D–K: CLSM virtual transverse section of various parts of the specimen indicated on C. L: Imaris-rendered CLSM image of the connector branch of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles. Asterisk indicates dorsal longitudinal muscles, white arrowhead indicates central ventral longitudinal muscles, yellow arrowhead indicates ventral longitudinal muscles and white arrow indicates connector branch of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles. Abbreviations: an, anal opening; cmi, circular muscles of intestine region; dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle; lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1; lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2; pc, circular muscle of the pharynx; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; scm, somatic circular muscles branch; vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="788E6523FFB88F0FFF33F9A0FAF456A6" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="593" pageId="11" pageNumber="592" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="302B36A8FFB88F08FF33F9A0FE4A5155" blockId="11.[151,401,1543,1570]" box="[151,401,1543,1570]" pageId="11" pageNumber="592">
|
||||
<heading id="6B6381C4FFB88F08FF33F9A0FE4A5155" bold="true" box="[151,401,1543,1570]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="592" reason="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFB88F08FF33F9A0FE4A5155" bold="true" box="[151,401,1543,1570]" pageId="11" pageNumber="592">Taxonomic remarks</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="302B36A8FFB88F08FF33F9F7FB7F50FD" blockId="11.[151,1437,1616,2038]" pageId="11" pageNumber="592">
|
||||
The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F7944D2BFFB88F08FEABF9F7FE77511D" authorityName="Remane" authorityYear="1926" box="[271,428,1616,1642]" family="Cephalodasyidae" genus="Cephalodasys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="11" pageNumber="592" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFB88F08FEABF9F7FE77511D" box="[271,428,1616,1642]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="592">Cephalodasys</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is composed of 14 species formally described (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="54054B59FFB88F08FC10F9F7FB34511D" author="Yamauchi, S. & Kajihara, H." box="[948,1263,1616,1642]" pageId="11" pageNumber="592" pagination="183 - 192" refId="ref9897" refString="Yamauchi, S. & Kajihara, H. (2018) Marine Macrodasyida (Gastrotricha) from Hokkaido, Northern Japan. Species Diversity, 23 (2), 183 - 192. https: // doi. org / 10.12782 / specdiv. 23.183" type="journal article" year="2018">Yamauchi & Kajihara, 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="54054B59FFB88F08FB5CF9F7FA4A511D" author="Todaro, M. A." box="[1272,1425,1616,1642]" pageId="11" pageNumber="592" refId="ref9711" refString="Todaro, M. A. (2024) Gastrotricha. Avaiable from: http: // www. gastrotricha. unimore. it / default. htm (accessed 8 February 2024)" type="url" year="2024">Todaro, 2024</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The arrangement and numbers of adhesive tubes still is the most valuable morphological characters to distinguish species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F7944D2BFFB88F08FEB4F93FFE7651C5" authorityName="Remane" authorityYear="1926" box="[272,429,1688,1714]" family="Cephalodasyidae" genus="Cephalodasys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="11" pageNumber="592" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFB88F08FEB4F93FFE7651C5" box="[272,429,1688,1714]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="592">Cephalodasys</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
mainly due the lack of more detailed morphology described on the previous works (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB88F08FACBF93FFF6D51A1" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="12.[152,255,1414,1438]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,489,1390]" captionTargetId="figure-208@12.[158,1430,489,1391]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 10. Schematic drawing of all Cephalodays species showing diagnostic characters of external and internal morphology. Colored organs: caudal organ, dark purple; eggs and oocytes, white with purple contour; frontal organ, pink; TbA, green; TbD, black; TbP, bright orange; TbV; yellow; TbVL, light blue; testes, faded orange." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612689/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="592">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The species of this genus can be diagnosed by a distinct head, wider than the neck, and the presence of a furrow demarcating these two regions (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="54054B59FFB88F08FDEFF947FD34518D" author="Remane, A." box="[587,751,1760,1786]" pageId="11" pageNumber="592" pagination="625 - 754" refId="ref8785" refString="Remane, A. (1926) Morphologie und verwandtschaftsbeziehungen der aberranten gastrotrichen I. Zeitschrift fr Morphologie und Ukologie der Tiere, 5 (4), 625 - 754. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 00408293" type="journal article" year="1926">Remane, 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="54054B59FFB88F08FD5EF947FC05518D" author="Kieneke, A. & Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. & Hochberg, R." box="[762,990,1759,1786]" pageId="11" pageNumber="592" pagination="367 - 385" refId="ref8305" refString="Kieneke, A., Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. & Hochberg, R. (2015) A new species of Cephalodasys (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida) from the Caribbean Sea with a determination key to species of the genus. Zootaxa, 3947 (3), 367 - 385. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3947.3.4" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||||
Kieneke
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFB88F08FCF9F947FC4F518D" box="[861,916,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="592">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 2015
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Although pear-shaped head is the most common format among the cephalodasyians (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="54054B59FFB88F08FD2BF8A3FCAF5069" author="Kieneke, A. & Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. & Hochberg, R." box="[655,884,1795,1822]" pageId="11" pageNumber="592" pagination="367 - 385" refId="ref8305" refString="Kieneke, A., Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. & Hochberg, R. (2015) A new species of Cephalodasys (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida) from the Caribbean Sea with a determination key to species of the genus. Zootaxa, 3947 (3), 367 - 385. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3947.3.4" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||||
Kieneke
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFB88F08FD50F8A3FCF75069" box="[756,812,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="592">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 2015
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), three species displays a slightly to rounded head with lateral projections:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F7944D2BFFB88F08FE02F88FFD205035" authority="Hummon, 1974" authorityName="Hummon" authorityYear="1974" box="[422,763,1832,1858]" family="Cephalodasyidae" genus="Cephalodasys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="11" pageNumber="592" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="miniceraus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFB88F08FE02F88FFD995036" box="[422,578,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="592">C. miniceraus</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="54054B59FFB88F08FDEDF88FFD205035" author="Hummon, W. D." box="[585,763,1832,1858]" pageId="11" pageNumber="592" pagination="396 - 408" refId="ref7688" refString="Hummon, W. D. (1974) Intertidal marine Gastrotricha from Colombia. Bulletin of Marine Science, 24 (2), 396 - 408." type="journal article" year="1974">Hummon, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F7944D2BFFB88F08FCA1F88FFA965035" authority="Hummon, Todaro & Tongiorgi, 1993" authorityName="Hummon, Todaro & Tongiorgi" authorityYear="1993" box="[773,1357,1832,1858]" family="Cephalodasyidae" genus="Cephalodasys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="11" pageNumber="592" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="hadrosomus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFB88F08FCA1F88FFC765035" box="[773,941,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="592">C. hadrosomus</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="54054B59FFB88F08FC17F88FFA965035" author="Hummon, W. D. & Todaro, M. A. & Tongiorgi, P." box="[947,1357,1832,1858]" pageId="11" pageNumber="592" pagination="109 - 127" refId="ref7776" refString="Hummon, W. D., Todaro, M. A. & Tongiorgi, P. (1993) Italian marine Gastrotricha: II. One new genus and ten new species of Macrodasyida. Bolletino di zoologia, 60 (1), 109 - 127. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250009309355798" type="journal article" year="1993">Hummon, Todaro & Tongiorgi, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F7944D2BFFB88F08FA27F88FFDEC5011" authority="Yamauchi & Kajihara, 2018" authorityName="Yamauchi & Kajihara" authorityYear="2018" family="Cephalodasyidae" genus="Cephalodasys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="11" pageNumber="592" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="mahoae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFB88F08FA27F88FFF2B5011" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="592">C. mahoae</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="54054B59FFB88F08FF53F8EBFDEC5011" author="Yamauchi, S. & Kajihara, H." box="[247,567,1868,1894]" pageId="11" pageNumber="592" pagination="183 - 192" refId="ref9897" refString="Yamauchi, S. & Kajihara, H. (2018) Marine Macrodasyida (Gastrotricha) from Hokkaido, Northern Japan. Species Diversity, 23 (2), 183 - 192. https: // doi. org / 10.12782 / specdiv. 23.183" type="journal article" year="2018">Yamauchi & Kajihara, 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Once, the head format is a diagnostic character for the group, the position of these species within the taxon is highly questionable (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="54054B59FFB88F08FD57F8D7FC7E50FD" author="Hummon, W. D." box="[755,933,1904,1930]" pageId="11" pageNumber="592" pagination="396 - 408" refId="ref7688" refString="Hummon, W. D. (1974) Intertidal marine Gastrotricha from Colombia. Bulletin of Marine Science, 24 (2), 396 - 408." type="journal article" year="1974">Hummon, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="54054B59FFB88F08FC15F8D7FB4350FD" author="Kieneke, A. & Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. & Hochberg, R." box="[945,1176,1903,1930]" pageId="11" pageNumber="592" pagination="367 - 385" refId="ref8305" refString="Kieneke, A., Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. & Hochberg, R. (2015) A new species of Cephalodasys (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida) from the Caribbean Sea with a determination key to species of the genus. Zootaxa, 3947 (3), 367 - 385. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3947.3.4" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||||
Kieneke
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFB88F08FBB1F8D7FB9550FD" box="[1045,1102,1904,1930]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="592">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 2015
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="302B36A8FFB88F0FFF63F833FAF456A6" blockId="11.[151,1437,1616,2038]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,151,465]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="593" pageId="11" pageNumber="592">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F7944D2BFFB88F08FF63F833FE3C50DA" authority="Araújo, 2024" authorityName="Araújo" authorityYear="2024" box="[199,487,1940,1966]" family="Cephalodasyidae" genus="Cephalodasys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="11" pageNumber="592" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="mariannae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFB88F08FF63F833FE3C50DA" box="[199,487,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="592">Cephalodasys mariannae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="19D357C1FFB88F08FE54F833FD9250D9" box="[496,585,1940,1966]" pageId="11" pageNumber="592" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
is unique and differs from its congeners by the presence of a series of 11 pairs of TbV running from U28 to U65, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F7944D2BFFB88F08FD34F81FFCC750A5" authorityName="Hummon" authorityYear="2011" box="[656,796,1976,2002]" family="Cephalodasyidae" genus="Cephalodasys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="11" pageNumber="592" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="seagalius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFB88F08FD34F81FFCC750A5" box="[656,796,1976,2002]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="592">C. seagalius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is the only known species with two pairs of TbV at U48 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A8AF2A2DFFB88F08FF3BF87BFF2E5081" box="[159,245,2012,2038]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="12.[152,255,1414,1438]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,489,1390]" captionTargetId="figure-208@12.[158,1430,489,1391]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 10. Schematic drawing of all Cephalodays species showing diagnostic characters of external and internal morphology. Colored organs: caudal organ, dark purple; eggs and oocytes, white with purple contour; frontal organ, pink; TbA, green; TbD, black; TbP, bright orange; TbV; yellow; TbVL, light blue; testes, faded orange." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612689/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="592">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Beyond that, three
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFB88F08FE4CF87BFDA15081" box="[488,634,2012,2038]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="592">Cephalodays</emphasis>
|
||||
species were reported for the same biogeographic region (TNWA) of the new species:
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFBF8F0FFEFCFF30FD4857C6" box="[344,659,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="593">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F7944D2BFFBF8F0FFEFCFF30FDDA57C7" authorityName="Hummon" authorityYear="1974" box="[344,513,151,177]" family="Cephalodasyidae" genus="Cephalodasys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="12" pageNumber="593" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="miniceratus">C. miniceratus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F7944D2BFFBF8F0FFDA9FF30FD4857C6" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1974" box="[525,659,151,177]" family="Cephalodasyidae" genus="Cephalodasys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="12" pageNumber="593" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="pacificus">C. pacificus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F7944D2BFFBF8F0FFD68FF30FC5F57C6" authorityName="Kieneke, Schmidt-Rhaesa & Hochberg" authorityYear="2015" box="[716,900,151,177]" family="Cephalodasyidae" genus="Cephalodasys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="12" pageNumber="593" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="interinsularis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFBF8F0FFD68FF30FC5F57C6" box="[716,900,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="593">C. interinsularis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The new species can be differentiated from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F7944D2BFFBF8F0FFA27FF30FEC057A3" authorityName="Hummon" authorityYear="1974" family="Cephalodasyidae" genus="Cephalodasys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="12" pageNumber="593" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="miniceratus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFBF8F0FFA27FF30FEC057A3" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="593">C. miniceratus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by the head shape: pear-shaped in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F7944D2BFFBF8F0FFD10FF1CFC8B57A3" authority="Araújo, 2024" authorityName="Araújo" authorityYear="2024" box="[692,848,187,213]" family="Cephalodasyidae" genus="Cephalodasys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="12" pageNumber="593" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="mariannae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFBF8F0FFD10FF1CFC8B57A3" box="[692,848,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="593">C. mariannae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="19D357C1FFBF8F0FFCFEFF1CFC6857A2" box="[858,947,187,213]" pageId="12" pageNumber="593" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
and rounded with lateral projections in
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFBF8F0FFA27FF1CFEF8578F" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="593">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F7944D2BFFBF8F0FFA27FF1CFEC4578F" authorityName="Hummon" authorityYear="1974" family="Cephalodasyidae" genus="Cephalodasys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="12" pageNumber="593" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="miniceratus">C. miniceratus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Beyond this, these two species can also be differentiated by the number of TbA in the fleshy hands: higher in the new species (6) than
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F7944D2BFFBF8F0FFDB8FEA4FD1A566B" authorityName="Hummon" authorityYear="1974" box="[540,705,259,285]" family="Cephalodasyidae" genus="Cephalodasys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="12" pageNumber="593" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="miniceratus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFBF8F0FFDB8FEA4FD1A566B" box="[540,705,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="593">C. miniceratus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(2).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F7944D2BFFBF8F0FFD5CFEA4FCA5566A" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1974" box="[760,894,259,285]" family="Cephalodasyidae" genus="Cephalodasys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="12" pageNumber="593" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="pacificus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFBF8F0FFD5CFEA4FCA5566A" box="[760,894,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="593">C. pacificus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F7944D2BFFBF8F0FFC12FEA4FB8B566B" authority="Araújo, 2024" authorityName="Araújo" authorityYear="2024" box="[950,1104,259,285]" family="Cephalodasyidae" genus="Cephalodasys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="12" pageNumber="593" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="mariannae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFBF8F0FFC12FEA4FB8B566B" box="[950,1104,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="593">C. mariannae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="19D357C1FFBF8F0FFBFCFEA4FB6B566A" box="[1112,1200,259,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="593" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
can be distinguished by number of TbVL: higher in the new species (26) than
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F7944D2BFFBF8F0FFC92FE80FC655636" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1974" box="[822,958,295,321]" family="Cephalodasyidae" genus="Cephalodasys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="12" pageNumber="593" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="pacificus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFBF8F0FFC92FE80FC655636" box="[822,958,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="593">C. pacificus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(5–7); by the shape of the posterior end: tapering in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F7944D2BFFBF8F0FFEB3FEECFE6A5613" authority="Araújo, 2024" authorityName="Araújo" authorityYear="2024" box="[279,433,331,357]" family="Cephalodasyidae" genus="Cephalodasys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="12" pageNumber="593" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="mariannae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFBF8F0FFEB3FEECFE6A5613" box="[279,433,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="593">C. mariannae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="19D357C1FFBF8F0FFE1DFEECFDCB5612" box="[441,528,331,357]" pageId="12" pageNumber="593" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
and rounded in
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFBF8F0FFD62FEECFC8F5612" box="[710,852,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="593">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F7944D2BFFBF8F0FFD62FEECFC8B5612" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1974" box="[710,848,331,357]" family="Cephalodasyidae" genus="Cephalodasys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="12" pageNumber="593" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="pacificus">C. pacificus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Regarding
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F7944D2BFFBF8F0FFC72FEECFB555612" authorityName="Kieneke, Schmidt-Rhaesa & Hochberg" authorityYear="2015" box="[982,1166,331,357]" family="Cephalodasyidae" genus="Cephalodasys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="12" pageNumber="593" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="interinsularis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFBF8F0FFC72FEECFB555612" box="[982,1166,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="593">C. interinsularis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the new species can be differentiated by the arrangement of TbA: fleshy hand-like on new species and arising directly from the body in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F7944D2BFFBF8F0FFF33FE34FE8B56DA" authorityName="Kieneke, Schmidt-Rhaesa & Hochberg" authorityYear="2015" box="[151,336,403,429]" family="Cephalodasyidae" genus="Cephalodasys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="12" pageNumber="593" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="interinsularis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFBF8F0FFF33FE34FE8B56DA" box="[151,336,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="593">C. interinsularis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; and by the arrangement and number of TbVL: 26 pairs of TbVL distributed on the pharynx and intestine region of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F7944D2BFFBF8F0FFECEFE10FDDF56A7" authority="Araújo, 2024" authorityName="Araújo" authorityYear="2024" box="[362,516,439,465]" family="Cephalodasyidae" genus="Cephalodasys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="12" pageNumber="593" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="mariannae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFBF8F0FFECEFE10FDDF56A7" box="[362,516,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="593">C. mariannae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="19D357C1FFBF8F0FFDAFFE10FDB956A6" box="[523,610,439,465]" pageId="12" pageNumber="593" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
and 5 pairs restricted to the intestine region in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F7944D2BFFBF8F0FFBD4FE10FAF356A6" authorityName="Kieneke, Schmidt-Rhaesa & Hochberg" authorityYear="2015" box="[1136,1320,439,465]" family="Cephalodasyidae" genus="Cephalodasys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macrodasyida" pageId="12" pageNumber="593" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="interinsularis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E0EABAFFBF8F0FFBD4FE10FAF356A6" box="[1136,1320,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="593">C. interinsularis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
64
data/B8/3D/AB/B83DAB9A3F70B255179B3447D2FF6BC3.xml
Normal file
64
data/B8/3D/AB/B83DAB9A3F70B255179B3447D2FF6BC3.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
|
|||
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<subSubSection id="AB5CEAB7939C18A1731271EBC7BC0526" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C3C4F54160570827C6EAC42EC276AE09" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151">
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<taxonomicName id="4DC7576DA8B6E70D36C226A6034FDCFA" ID-CoL="5YCNN" authority="Nixon, 1944" authorityName="Nixon" authorityYear="1944" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Chorebus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chorebus alua" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alua">Chorebus alua (Nixon, 1944)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5FEA37A51C4AB15E744602733AA63E15" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="81CDEE21639CE31F99630DE0126871AD" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151">
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<taxonomicName id="7FDA554406D400EB176685A5E222464D" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Dacnusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dacnusa alua" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alua">Dacnusa alua</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Nixon, 1944
|
||||
</paragraph>
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||||
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|
||||
<subSubSection id="61A835B2A5DA9B31E959ACF2D3D8C5A9" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="2637EE4562BF63D72AFD484638C952DD" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="76D60E3FA67CFB2CE771D07A02142178" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151">Ireland</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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