Add updates up until 2025-02-04 18:34:07
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<document id="DBABE07339A4CA6C17B1DA27A7C3DCD4" ID-DOI="10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174" ID-ZooBank="4E0CCF70-D052-4828-AED4-4346C33B99DF" ID-publisher-id="138174" URI-arpha="5ABE4C4E-C19E-5982-84D4-332D5C7D1556" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/4E0CCF70-D052-4828-AED4-4346C33B99DF" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1738693956392" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Perez, Kathryn E., Saenz, Vanessa, Guerrero, Yamileth, Gonzalez, Lisa, Guerrero, Evan, Diaz, Pete, Hutchins, Benjamin T. & Schwartz, Benjamin F." docDate="2025" docId="5F464CECFDB158B9AB5AADEE1ADAC910" docLanguage="en" docName="Subterranean Biology 50: 119-151" docOrigin="Subterranean Biology 50" docSource="https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/138174/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Phreatodrobia embossa Perez & Saenz & Guerrero & Gonzalez & Guerrero & Diaz & Hutchins & Schwartz 2025, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="151" masterDocId="5ABE4C4EC19E598284D4332D5C7D1556" masterDocTitle="New and revised groundwater snails (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda, Cochliopidae) from karst and associated hyporheic habitats in western Texas and northern Mexico" masterLastPageNumber="151" masterPageNumber="119" pageNumber="119" updateTime="1738694036115" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:titleInfo id="589D4B26017F1DC8ACCDCE221EE2651E">
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<mods:title id="76BFB9C299769D9198B120B220B889F5">New and revised groundwater snails (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda, Cochliopidae) from karst and associated hyporheic habitats in western Texas and northern Mexico</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9BECD49386BE0ECE0EF35B9FC24E5280">Perez, Kathryn E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A0F347ABA58BCEE9F9B276CB079400FC">School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, 78542, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9B0F5EE6AC4FBF9FC72207A95EA296EA">Saenz, Vanessa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2F2EF674BC4D7BFA289168BA115770FE">School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, 78542, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B1B1F060D392C39C79F0617B249258D8">Guerrero, Yamileth</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0DA8D7BA4B0E3FE865F6D05B019B7892">Texas Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, San Marcos, TX, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F280AAAF88801D90DC9E8A10D19C0EB4">Gonzalez, Lisa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F7094ABE4F99C22E3C366BE2D09E0B98">Texas Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, San Marcos, TX, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3A744BC7AB79D33FC8977B84B831A6AE">Guerrero, Evan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5D16DA49821AE8CF0B4206A6EA51F767">School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, 78542, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8161BD49FEC86A37709353485AC7C2BB">Diaz, Pete</mods:namePart>
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||||
<mods:affiliation id="FE2EA17168FE148D642E8CEFC93EE79B">Edwards Aquifer Research and Data Center, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="3E2FA0F1603EF023526018CC2997A9CC">Hutchins, Benjamin T.</mods:namePart>
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||||
<mods:affiliation id="7C962A93FB241CFA98B7987AC9753E42">Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="6752857FF5C38E753591C7A97F8F0879">Schwartz, Benjamin F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A9AD2CEE344A0675F10C67D9A492100D" type="ORCID">0000-0002-0072-344X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="B513F1A31E6960D15D8EABE7C092DE02">Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D83A4D163D9A1874436EDCEF3BEBD46A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="7A7FED8191C27097F255A46840816EA5">
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<mods:title id="726E4795CCDF505BA95450F9692B7D6D">Subterranean Biology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="6AF87AD9DE178E351D718491FB31EF2D">
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<mods:date id="D0FE051DF58C946C4621835E239A6808">2025</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="23DB8D22DE4F24EC9EA60314F797C32C" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="D22B2BD501B4C7C40AF7213D7BE48025">2025-02-04</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="5DDEBAC71BBF05F9CFB8857CA93D71C3" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="4CD596D2E2FDBF650AF1EAB359C8F687">50</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="A18B8228FF6DD9AAB5A6FBD23566B37A">119</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="32501BB46E25243AB9C87E5D00BABE82">151</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="594B2AC9057471045AF56DA90C618A1F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="71DA8291BD1088410C71A73AD73FDBCA" type="DOI">10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="40416D511F0FC24676078069134C1379" type="ZooBank">4E0CCF70-D052-4828-AED4-4346C33B99DF</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="5F464CECFDB158B9AB5AADEE1ADAC910" ID-arpha="5F464CEC-FDB1-58B9-AB5A-ADEE1ADAC910" ID-zoobank="https://zoobank.org/43F12F11-A5DF-451A-AE3F-1F89563FBA9F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5F464CECFDB158B9AB5AADEE1ADAC910" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:43F12F11-A5DF-451A-AE3F-1F89563FBA9F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F464CECFDB158B9AB5AADEE1ADAC910">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="5E36BFC5E3247DDCEE8112AEE47AAA3A" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="CCA6654ECDE22B5ECE3771421E567119">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F4ACC487ADDC5ACF0C5152E03CEF9B3B" authority="Perez, 2025" authorityName="Perez & Saenz & Guerrero & Gonzalez & Guerrero & Diaz & Hutchins & Schwartz" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="embossa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A486476BDCC2B09AA38F8105EB8B2863" italics="true">Phreatodrobia embossa</emphasis>
|
||||
Perez, 2025
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2B2F73D73CBA1A1C35559D9A0C863CED" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="F1CC5184A0D4794E0178E9FD9C426A31" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D1CA25FDE1F1C612E39F04A77266081B">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="008347F7F3545E99D014F39E9D4FA85E" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. SEM of protoconch sculpture A – D & teleoconch sculpture E – I A, E Stygopyrgus variabilis sp. nov. Individual from Las Palmas 1, Lower Canyons of the Rio Grande, Brewster County, TX B, F Stygopyrgus gracilis sp. nov. Individual from Fresno Canyon, Presidio County, TX C, G Texapyrgus diaboli comb. nov. Individual from Big Satan Canyon, Devils River, Val Verde County, TX D, H Phreatodrobia embossa sp. nov. Individual from Caroline Springs, Terrell County, TX I Balconorbis coronae comb. nov. Individual from Indian Springs Canyon Springs, Val Verde County, TX. Scale bars: 100 µm (A – E); 50 µm (E – I)." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1242127">Figs 5 D, H</figureCitation>
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||||
,
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<figureCitation id="46651971DFEB18C8A79BBFB99432828A" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Dorsal view of the penis of the three new species A Stygopyrgus variabilis B Stygopyrgus gracilis C Phreatodrobia embossa. Yellow color is due to Bouin’s solution for dissection, preserved tissues are white. Scale bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1242128">6 C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
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||||
<figureCitation id="51B70B46FCBEE76F5D65AC1578A04391" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. SEM of radula (A – F) of new Stygopyrgus species A – C Stygopyrgus variabilis, Las Palmas 1, Lower Canyons of the Rio Grande, Brewster County, TX D – F Stygopyrgus gracilis, Fresno Canyon, Presidio County, TX. Scale bar radula: 1 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1242129">7 C</figureCitation>
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||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EUECI" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B502C40CD91D6633B4A62DD0243F486B">
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||||
<heading id="9A839D0478AB6F7546C9D06388E92D91" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
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||||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="380DF1A40D4975B6CA798AA9CCCB9BFA">Shell minute, glassy, clear, ovately conic. Elevated protoconch and teleoconch with regular rows of spirally arranged nodules. Broadly ovate aperture. Penis simple, tapering, with little muscular ridging.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EZECI" type="type locality">
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||||
<paragraph id="A1C8ABBAF06D55A5E50A5A8CD8A596EC">
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||||
<heading id="F51EE12CF649AA8F1FCB78193CDEF529" reason="title">Type locality.</heading>
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||||
</paragraph>
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||||
<paragraph id="2D28808608963DF1134E33FFB3EF8C05">
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<collectingCountry id="926561359DA17E5773F2CF47953399EF" name="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
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||||
,
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<collectingRegion id="D21CB5831B557813E5039D924C8597B6" country="United States of America" name="Texas">Texas</collectingRegion>
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, Terrell County, Caroline Springs hyporheic zone (
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<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0ECFCI" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-101.794290,30.466220]}">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="64768FB6ADC6A855C2250678B92790C7" degrees="30.46622" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="30.46622">30.46622</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
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||||
<geoCoordinate id="9648B49A2431D03CA99210E5101C95CC" degrees="101.79429" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-101.79429">- 101.79429</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
).
|
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</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EHFCI" type="material">
|
||||
<paragraph id="1DE5A91E096DFA7FB9E6F56893901B42">
|
||||
<heading id="3646889663F0620A48D1607EB00D5C30" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="00AFF68D8EA077B7E1B2B2F7F8E04A18">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="67F4963644ED0D48944310B490EF013E" county="Terrell County" location="Terrell County" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||||
<emphasis id="84326C457094A57A9E34E0AB7DFEA7AB" bold="true" italics="true">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="2FB59F7630E1AF2B3EDE06AB260C5B1F" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis id="FF6F5A37E78D774B2154C0C5DD853629" bold="true" italics="true">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="92E15FDA9FB2243B6CBE839A460AC192" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
–
|
||||
<collectingCounty id="964E2BC8876912BC6360DE27A0FF0DBE">Terrell County</collectingCounty>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
•
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="27A70991CA07EE516149B9B75A47FC38" collectingDate="2020-12-07" collectionCode="ANSP" collectorName="Caroline Springs & Sheffield & K. E. Perez & Perez, H & Glover, P" latitude="30.46622" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-101.79429" specimenCode="ANSP 506746, ANSP 506747" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<collectorName id="75C28E42F4A2136CFA4A642828F81FD7">Caroline Springs</collectorName>
|
||||
near
|
||||
<collectorName id="7EB49DAF48BC96EC3D806A05531186C0">Sheffield</collectorName>
|
||||
, 2
|
||||
<superScript id="20DC2238CFF0E6DDD4AEC2D603E85E90">nd</superScript>
|
||||
pool of raceway, hyporheic sample, collected by
|
||||
<collectorName id="3B2F8BB49936E430FDFA4EB70937B740">
|
||||
K. E.
|
||||
<collectorName id="F687456B410694EF7E5E274CF7967790">Perez, H</collectorName>
|
||||
</collectorName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<collectorName id="7BCF04F96754FA394E91530D1A2875C6">Glover, P</collectorName>
|
||||
. Sprouse (
|
||||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0E1FCI" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-101.794290,30.466220]}">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="78000E6D09257E905C647DBD80E5B3F7" degrees="30.46622" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="30.46622">30.46622</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="38BE40F38E314D8B772347C369EA52ED" degrees="101.79429" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-101.79429">- 101.79429</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<date id="AC40EB12C88825DFE503CF0F0D00FCD7" value="2020-12-07">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="3C0BBFEF0C98F2ECDEDFD19203FCC394" value="2020-12-07">7 December 2020</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<specimenCode id="F71B9C15E00A041EBB729E4C945AD1C4" collectionCode="ANSP" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" type="">
|
||||
<named-content id="ABD2C5575FA8D08EAEC82DEBD66BA22D" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/academy-natural-sciences-philadelphia" xlink_title="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia at Drexler University">ANSP</named-content>
|
||||
506746
|
||||
</specimenCode>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="07D915A6CF920C501D1A41C84637D7BF" collectionCode="ANSP" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" type="">
|
||||
<named-content id="CCDF1F83E52B0A6491E0FAA5BC1C753B" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/academy-natural-sciences-philadelphia" xlink_title="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia at Drexler University">ANSP</named-content>
|
||||
506747
|
||||
</specimenCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EHGCI" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6F25F4EB1C47298640C17821A7AFCD99">
|
||||
<heading id="50F64BD2238C71DB5C2DCFE0F804C100" reason="title">Description.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F0B08CC7ED0CF5861E350360DF4B3B9D">
|
||||
Shell minute, clear, glassy, with regular rows of sculpture, ovately to globosely conic with rounded whorl outlines and impressed sutures (Figs
|
||||
<figureCitation id="6347E860E17BB9791C7408D287DD7C04" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. SEM of protoconch sculpture A – D & teleoconch sculpture E – I A, E Stygopyrgus variabilis sp. nov. Individual from Las Palmas 1, Lower Canyons of the Rio Grande, Brewster County, TX B, F Stygopyrgus gracilis sp. nov. Individual from Fresno Canyon, Presidio County, TX C, G Texapyrgus diaboli comb. nov. Individual from Big Satan Canyon, Devils River, Val Verde County, TX D, H Phreatodrobia embossa sp. nov. Individual from Caroline Springs, Terrell County, TX I Balconorbis coronae comb. nov. Individual from Indian Springs Canyon Springs, Val Verde County, TX. Scale bars: 100 µm (A – E); 50 µm (E – I)." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1242127">5 D & H</figureCitation>
|
||||
). First whorl of protoconch elevated, separated from the whorls that follow. Protoconch sculpture is a uniform network of raised wrinkles giving an irregular malleated appearance. Teleoconch sculpture is distinctive and includes regularly spaced (~ 10 µm apart), spirally arranged rows of raised nodules (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="88BDE7A68D8E52F4EE3A7A83F77E49BC" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. SEM of protoconch sculpture A – D & teleoconch sculpture E – I A, E Stygopyrgus variabilis sp. nov. Individual from Las Palmas 1, Lower Canyons of the Rio Grande, Brewster County, TX B, F Stygopyrgus gracilis sp. nov. Individual from Fresno Canyon, Presidio County, TX C, G Texapyrgus diaboli comb. nov. Individual from Big Satan Canyon, Devils River, Val Verde County, TX D, H Phreatodrobia embossa sp. nov. Individual from Caroline Springs, Terrell County, TX I Balconorbis coronae comb. nov. Individual from Indian Springs Canyon Springs, Val Verde County, TX. Scale bars: 100 µm (A – E); 50 µm (E – I)." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1242127">5 H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and transverse growth lines. Nodules resemble irregularly sized knots on a string. Aperture broadly ovate, usually appressed to body whorl at upper parietal corner. Outer margin of aperture straight, slightly thickened and reflected, stronger at apex and base. Outer lip straight, simple, slightly prosocline. Umbilicus deep and open. Average shell measurements for adults (n = 8): shell height =
|
||||
<quantity id="DCF0BA8D5FE68A0839DC3C496BC057C0" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.07" unit="mm" value="1.07">1.07 mm</quantity>
|
||||
(SD = 0.09), shell width =
|
||||
<quantity id="B8ED86C8CAFD7AD5E6DD973F4EFABDA1" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.80 mm</quantity>
|
||||
(SD = 0.08), aperture height =
|
||||
<quantity id="B75B731F84DBBB70B058A43C898D66BC" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" unit="mm" value="0.53">0.53 mm</quantity>
|
||||
(SD = 0.06), aperture width =
|
||||
<quantity id="74370B91A171DB00FAEED441E8260936" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" unit="mm" value="0.44">0.44 mm</quantity>
|
||||
(SD = 0.04), number of whorls = 4.75 (SD = 0.38). Operculum clear, thin, pliable. Shape ellipsoidal, nucleus submarginal, strongly convex. Growth lines not distinct or frilled. Muscle attachment scar oval, nuclear area with raised thickening inside.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="02C5CE68C4B27388B344CAA3EA1531F1">Tissue unpigmented, tentacles longer than snout, unpigmented, no visible eyes, snout short, deeply lobate, foot short with no lateral wings. Ctenidium across pallial roof, ~ 10 elongate, low-triangular lobes, filling 50 % of pallial roof. Osphradium large, ovate, near posterior end of the ctenidium. Intestine winds in U shape through pallial cavity, filled with small round fecal pellets, rectum ends near edge of the mantle. Esophagus muscular, enters stomach below, smaller anterior chamber and larger posterior chamber. Penis small, attached above right tentacle, lightly furrowed along narrow, muscular base, narrowing to a short neck about half the width of the base before widening to a lobe on the distal 1 / 3, followed by a tapering tip. Female reproductive anatomy and radula not described due to a lack of material.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EWGCI" type="Taxonomic remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B38FE6CC5A3B446DF932AEAEE348CEFA">
|
||||
<heading id="676158E518B24FBD82CE1B7E66603239" reason="title">Taxonomic remarks.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="ACDBC3C04B7469AE233709ADE488A544">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="16EA0B634CE5DD111A86E2ED7750050F" authorityName="Perez & Saenz & Guerrero & Gonzalez & Guerrero & Diaz & Hutchins & Schwartz" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="embossa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A72F0F5B17E23594E2BEAA7ECD62B8B8" italics="true">Phreatodrobia embossa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is placed sister to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="329AC45CCE332A61C958E6870F5DC5C9" authorityName="Hershler & Longley" authorityYear="1986" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="89FA3DA034A871D2977938BAF2752F64" italics="true">Phreatodrobia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the phylogenetic analyses of both genes with strong support, and in a clade with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A72C9D2B79858D47A9552F499100FA05" authorityName="Hershler & Longley" authorityYear="1986" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="89EA7908FDD5CC84012A7406C0518AAB" italics="true">Phreatodrobia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0BBA3F779E01290F7AE645488F15B433" authorityName="Hershler & F. G. Thompson" authorityYear="1990" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Antrorbis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="944526C0A56E24DDFEB31D1383B0ADEF" italics="true">Antrorbis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with weak support in the
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E3HCI" xlink_title="cytochrome c oxidase subunit I">COI</abbrev>
|
||||
- only analysis. We were not able to obtain LSU sequence data for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5A5E301B85B5D814BC79FDDF4731A5F4" authorityName="Perez & Saenz & Guerrero & Gonzalez & Guerrero & Diaz & Hutchins & Schwartz" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="embossa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A8640BFDCF4C202015C0C520D97FF680" italics="true">Phreatodrobia embossa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. In
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ELICI" xlink_title="cytochrome c oxidase subunit I">COI</abbrev>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8ED59EAE2CE142E46BC3981A0D22A3FF" authorityName="Perez & Saenz & Guerrero & Gonzalez & Guerrero & Diaz & Hutchins & Schwartz" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="embossa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="09A3BADB1EB041598844F1F92695EF85" italics="true">Phreatodrobia embossa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has an average p-distance of 17.5 % from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8447A7C67D66D5C13DF4E5A2BB618226" authorityName="Hershler & Longley" authorityYear="1986" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D0C82543A5AB40A4850A4B3DADCCE768" italics="true">Phreatodrobia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The sculpture is distinctive among the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="79204F7372CA6A0385429E9524C61B43" authorityName="Tryon" authorityYear="1866" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Cochliopidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and the genetic distance is close to what we would expect for genera in the family (which averaged 17.2 %).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D108D530C715CDD8FE33F92243FDF972" authorityName="Perez & Saenz & Guerrero & Gonzalez & Guerrero & Diaz & Hutchins & Schwartz" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="embossa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3B40457BCD129F7EA0E25F957A63DB12" italics="true">Phreatodrobia embossa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
shares aspects of penial morphology with other
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="42098BE834CC5B939943067416F54FF9" authorityName="Hershler & Longley" authorityYear="1986" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACE9F8684B1118232E596943F9E1260D" italics="true">Phreatodrobia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EB6DA667F47C773801CD88A86A1B6E9D">
|
||||
<emphasis id="11B11BEF1A6D861DFCB1A290907FBCCE" italics="true">Phreatoceras</emphasis>
|
||||
species
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with a simple, slender penis tapering at the distal end, but with less muscular ribbing and no coiling. We chose to include
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="24834D92A681EA10FCEA8BBFCCE749E3" authorityName="Perez & Saenz & Guerrero & Gonzalez & Guerrero & Diaz & Hutchins & Schwartz" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="embossa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BFDB8DA47E5D67B110E9B7B8A79BF83F" italics="true">Phreatodrobia embossa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="98BEDC18DFE358082F8132479AB04260" authorityName="Hershler & Longley" authorityYear="1986" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="AEA4587AED2BB9C51ABBD4EF9FC51951" italics="true">Phreatodrobia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
to reflect the relatively close phylogenetic relationship with members of that genus, though we acknowledge that further understanding of the relationships among
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A9FF0AC864263868A026D25AFDE28E81" authorityName="Tryon" authorityYear="1866" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Cochliopidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
might result in reassignment in the future.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EWKCI" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="626160A976CCB5EC5651E1BDF6494585">
|
||||
<heading id="5B10BCA2BDCE053A46E6371FB620AFAC" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="67733DF6B3F98C81113F7976583A9EDD">
|
||||
The name
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B358748B1AEC0E50A8B4B24597AE2A83" authorityName="Perez & Saenz & Guerrero & Gonzalez & Guerrero & Diaz & Hutchins & Schwartz" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="embossa">
|
||||
“
|
||||
<emphasis id="BA13DEB119D495EA350AEC0B99877496" italics="true">embossa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
” refers to the teleoconch sculpture pattern similar to embossed designs on leather or paper.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EFLCI" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="183597BE9D4B59CDC2DCC3A02229E18C">
|
||||
<heading id="DA6F12CBDF64961E49CFDDE6BDBA1825" reason="title">Ecology and habitat.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="CC18AE9BE282EEA86A854B5B97C3319E">
|
||||
Caroline Springs (previously
|
||||
<collectionCode id="0321E43410691DF2208A9FC41C31496B" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics">T</collectionCode>
|
||||
5 springs), located at The Nature Conservancy’s Independence Creek Preserve, has a discharge of 189–315 L / s (
|
||||
<collectionCode id="6FC0544B7CE6EF63DBCF541A58D7D9EC">TNC</collectionCode>
|
||||
website), emanating from the early Cretaceous Edwards Limestone (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F8AF837A647C52A6225E2EADA6A74084" author="Barnes" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Barnes" refId="B9" refString="Barnes VE, Hartmann B, Scranton DF (1992) Geologic map of Texas. Bureau of Economic Geology, University of Texas, Austin, TX." year="1992">Barnes et al. 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F0EC7B2C2A16FFF80AFB5D81A57239F3" author="Brune" firstAuthor="Brune" journalOrPublisher="Texas A & M University Press, College Station" refId="B7" refString="Brune GM (2002) Springs of Texas. Texas A & M University Press, College Station, 590 pp." title="Springs of Texas." year="2002">Brune 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7DA83F98511DDD402D423D75B8FDBA4" author="Brown" firstAuthor="Brown" journalOrPublisher="Brown Engineering Company, San Antonio, TX" refId="B6" refString="Brown MS (2003) Independence Creek Preserve water monitoring project: Volume 1. Preliminary Studies & Mapping. Brown Engineering Company, San Antonio, TX, 69 pp." title="Independence Creek Preserve water monitoring project: Volume 1. Preliminary Studies & Mapping." year="2003">Brown 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The spring run at Caroline springs is heavily modified and impounded. There are several elongate pools forming a raceway immediately downstream from the large main spring pool.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CF93DBB3A1FD650EF35B00CAE6B9DA7" authorityName="Perez & Saenz & Guerrero & Gonzalez & Guerrero & Diaz & Hutchins & Schwartz" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="embossa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2063662F8F9A716A1512CEA477C1E188" italics="true">Phreatodrobia embossa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was found in hyporheic samples taken from gravels in the 2
|
||||
<superScript id="621D338893B8AE0209A7CEF16619A96A">nd</superScript>
|
||||
pool of the raceway. This pool is the site discussed and figured as the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5FE8BD2BF9F5075AECB582A84FCDE6CA">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
locality of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A249097F9F27B74505A83ADC4AA3389A" authority="Hershler, Liu, Landye, 2011" authorityName="Hershler, Liu, Landye" authorityYear="2011" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Tryonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="oasiensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2CB1658579A952AC8E4922A76B1190A8" italics="true">Tryonia oasiensis</emphasis>
|
||||
Hershler, Liu, Landye, 2011
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Water chemistry values were as follows: temperature = 15.5 ° C, pH = 9.52, conductivity = 863.6 μS / cm, and dissolved oxygen =
|
||||
<quantity id="89F351512098E2951347B70C7D889802" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="8.26" unit="mg" value="8.26">8.26 mg</quantity>
|
||||
/ L. Species found in the sample with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FB7B1797E9B8A851B13E866BC8AC922C" authorityName="Perez & Saenz & Guerrero & Gonzalez & Guerrero & Diaz & Hutchins & Schwartz" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="embossa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="033B22A48DEAF9B728C99ED3E3FA44DA" italics="true">Phreatodrobia embossa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
included Turbellaria and freshwater Annelida. Other molluscs included
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4196264ADDE0F1855B2F2FAB63AEECB3" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1833" class="Gastropoda" family="Physidae" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Physidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="37C4ABE51C29D8337366CAA99981508E" baseAuthorityName="Pilsbry & Ferriss" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Cochliopina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="riograndensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7C0274CA0DDB0D43B77BFC26DFAA8E01" italics="true">Cochliopina riograndensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8DA213E8404F046A247459F3E78252A8" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Ferrissia" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8A4A524139360319CA352A9625F9B594" italics="true">Ferrissia</emphasis>
|
||||
sp.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Other hyporheic samples taken at the same site included ostracods,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="900E1A7E88DC84CC06E6A05C68B3BD7C" authority="Cannizzaro, Walters, Berg, 2017" authorityName="Cannizzaro, Walters, Berg" authorityYear="2017" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammaridae" genus="Gammarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seideli">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D4F38B3064FF17A78D3A287FCFEBC6A5" italics="true">Gammarus seideli</emphasis>
|
||||
Cannizzaro, Walters, Berg, 2017
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9BA87E2FD052A368A32FB216FF23C5E7" class="Malacostraca" family="Hyalellidae" genus="Hyalella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8B96A9812EEFF2F4DE9568087574E54D" italics="true">Hyalella</emphasis>
|
||||
sp.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D043047E2EC817F4EF084C456FC57747" authority="Holsinger, 1992" authorityName="Holsinger" authorityYear="1992" class="Malacostraca" family="Seborgiidae" genus="Seborgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hershleri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B803D5483E9469E34D7A743A164CC4A9" italics="true">Seborgia hershleri</emphasis>
|
||||
Holsinger, 1992
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B42B8B86A14643D3233EA04B6D36EFB5" class="Malacostraca" family="Asellidae" genus="Lirceolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7DE6FA079F81996854EAE1F024C31AE4" italics="true">Lirceolus</emphasis>
|
||||
sp.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
We did not encounter
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FE0020C87CE1D65BBEDD5346778AF94" authorityName="Perez & Saenz & Guerrero & Gonzalez & Guerrero & Diaz & Hutchins & Schwartz" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="embossa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="71236A910C7FA64B5C58212B6A33DF3A" italics="true">Phreatodrobia embossa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from numerous drift net samples which were taken at the springs.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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Reference in a new issue