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0399878EFF88E6721A96FE38FDA1F848.xml0399878EFF89E6701A96F9DBFECEFBA0.xml0399878EFF90E6691A96FC67FAC9FB18.xml0399878EFF93E66C1A96FAF4FA9BFE0C.xml0399878EFF96E6721A96FDC0FD77FE54.xml
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<mods:mods id="4BE47FA188EB7F2E37F14FF83572980A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="C2218AA54126E4A6E7179E04B33E3250">Diversity and phylogenetic position of the amphi-American lineages of the tapeworms of the genus Anthocephalum Linton, 1890 (Rhinebothriidea: Anthocephaliidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="671C3E000166CFA1507FA0B2888137C8">Sakai, Lilian F.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A0D5C3B8349395B689294CA49E5B4ED7">Departamento de Zoologia - Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 101, travessa 14, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508 - 090.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="240C072C778637075765AA963822E5B7">Marques, Fernando P. L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F685C3D78FA5E1A7803DE956CC823812">Departamento de Zoologia - Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 101, travessa 14, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508 - 090.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BC96168212646DEEBE1D29BC3DE333E7">Trevisan, Bruna</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="94B05357F6FF150E4E08B21C3A45EAD6">Departamento de Zoologia - Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 101, travessa 14, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508 - 090.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:number id="DD48D44A920A3D88BA75BF1F7E768630">2025-02-07</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0399878EFF88E6721A96FE38FDA1F848" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14867241" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14867241" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0399878EFF88E6721A96FE38FDA1F848" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399878EFF88E6721A96FE38FDA1F848" lastPageNumber="167" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
<subSubSection id="C32A6513FF88E6721A96FE38FDFCFE28" box="[151,544,474,501]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF88E6721A96FE38FDFCFE28" blockId="16.[151,544,474,537]" box="[151,544,474,501]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
<heading id="D0C781F4FF88E6721A96FE38FDFCFE28" bold="true" box="[151,544,474,501]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF88E6721A96FE38FDFCFE28" bold="true" box="[151,544,474,501]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF88E6721A96FE38FE09FE28" authorityName="Sakai &amp; Marques &amp; Trevisan" authorityYear="2025" box="[151,469,474,501]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="veronicae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF88E6721A96FE38FE09FE28" bold="true" box="[151,469,474,501]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Anthocephalum veronicae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757F1FF88E6721BDCFE39FDFCFE28" box="[477,544,475,501]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32A6513FF88E6721A96FE1DFE31FDC4" box="[151,493,511,537]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF88E6721A96FE1DFE31FDC4" blockId="16.[151,544,474,537]" box="[151,493,511,537]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
(
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF88E6721A9EFE1DFEDFFDC4" box="[159,259,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[329,1259,193,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-20@9.[317,1271,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Light micrographs of the whole worms of Anthocephalum spp. A. Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (HWML 217938) ex Hypanus gutattus; B. Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (MIUP H 0086) ex Hypanus longus; C. Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (HWML 217953) ex Styracura schmardae; D. Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (HWML 217959) ex S. schmardae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830738/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Figs. 3D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF88E6721B0EFE1DFE8AFDC4" box="[271,342,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[216,1371,163,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-20@13.[204,1383,151,1889]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Micrographs of transversal histological sections of Anthocephalum spp. A, C, E and G, sections at level of testes; B, D, F and H, sections at level of ovary. Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (A, B), Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (C, D), Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (E, F) and Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (G, H). Abbreviations: T. Testes, Vit. Vitelline Follicle, U. Uterus, De. Dorsal excretory duct, Ve. Ventral excretory duct, Od. Oviduct, and Oc. Ovicapt." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830744/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">6G–H</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF88E6721B60FE1DFE7EFDC4" box="[353,418,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1855,1879]" captionTargetBox="[154,1426,184,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-20@15.[151,1435,181,1831]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Line drawings of Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (A–C) and Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (D–F). A. Terminal mature proglottid (MZUSP 8061e); B. Scolex (LRP 11286); C. Terminal genitalia (MZUSP 8061e); D. Scolex (HWML 217961); E. Terminal mature proglottid (HWML 217961); F. Terminal genitalia (LRP 11294)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830746/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">7D–F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF88E6721BACFE1DFE38FDC4" box="[429,484,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1417,1441]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,181,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-20@17.[152,1435,181,1393]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. Scanning electron micrographs of Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (A–E) and Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (F–J). A, F. Scolex, letters in scolexes indicate locations of B–E and G–J, respectively. B, G. Marginal loculi, C, H. Proximal surface of marginal loculus, D, I. Proximal surface of bothridial rim, E, J. Distal surface of bothridium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830748" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830748/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">8F–J</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A6513FF88E6721A96FDA5FC47FDBC" box="[151,923,583,609]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF88E6721A96FDA5FC47FDBC" blockId="16.[151,1437,583,1941]" box="[151,923,583,609]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF88E6721A96FDA5FED7FDBC" bold="true" box="[151,267,583,609]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
<typeStatus id="548B883AFF88E6721A96FDA5FF0EFDBC" box="[151,210,583,609]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Type</typeStatus>
host
</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF88E6721B18FDA5FD69FDBC" authority="(Werner, 1904)" baseAuthorityName="Werner" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[281,693,583,609]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Styracura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schmardae">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF88E6721B18FDA5FDD5FDBC" box="[281,521,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Styracura schmardae</emphasis>
(Werner, 1904)
</taxonomicName>
—Chupare stingray.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A6513FF88E6721AC6FD89FBB8FD74" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF88E6721AC6FD89FB0DFD58" blockId="16.[151,1437,583,1941]" box="[199,1233,618,645]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
<materialsCitation id="3B583CC5FF88E6721AC6FD89FB11FD58" box="[199,1229,618,645]" country="Belize" latitude="16.904222" location="Coast of Tobacco Caye" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-88.060616" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Stann Creek" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF88E6721AC6FD89FEBCFD59" bold="true" box="[199,352,618,645]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Type locality</emphasis>
:
<location id="8EEF6043FF88E6721B6EFD89FDA9FD58" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0399878EFF88E6721A96FE38FDA1F848:8EEF6043FF88E6721B6EFD89FDA9FD58" box="[367,629,619,645]" country="Belize" latitude="16.904222" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-88.060616" name="Coast of Tobacco Caye" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" stateProvince="Stann Creek">Coast of Tobacco Caye</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49F4F87AFF88E6721881FD89FCD1FD58" box="[640,781,619,645]" country="Belize" name="Stann Creek" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Stann Creek</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3277608FF88E6721919FD89FCBCFD58" box="[792,864,619,645]" name="Belize" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Belize</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE04505FFF88E672196EFD88FBCCFD58" box="[879,1040,618,645]" degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" precision="1" seconds="15.2" value="16.904222">16°54’15.2”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE04505FFF88E6721E1DFD89FB18FD58" box="[1052,1220,619,645]" degrees="88" direction="west" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" precision="1" seconds="38.2" value="-88.060616">88°03’38.2”W</geoCoordinate>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF88E6721AC6FD6CFBB8FD74" blockId="16.[151,1437,583,1941]" box="[199,1124,654,681]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF88E6721AC6FD6CFE63FD75" bold="true" box="[199,447,654,680]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Additional localities:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B583CC5FF88E6721BC7FD6DFBBCFD74" box="[454,1120,655,681]" country="Belize" latitude="16.82864" location="Head Caye" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-88.080025" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Toledo">
<location id="8EEF6043FF88E6721BC7FD6DFD98FD74" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0399878EFF88E6721A96FE38FDA1F848:8EEF6043FF88E6721BC7FD6DFD98FD74" box="[454,580,655,681]" country="Belize" latitude="16.82864" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-88.080025" name="Head Caye" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" stateProvince="Toledo">Head Caye</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49F4F87AFF88E672184EFD6DFD43FD74" box="[591,671,655,681]" country="Belize" name="Toledo" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Toledo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3277608FF88E67218AAFD6DFD2FFD74" box="[683,755,655,681]" name="Belize" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Belize</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE04505FFF88E6721903FD6DFC7FFD74" box="[770,931,655,681]" degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" precision="1" seconds="43.1" value="16.82864">16°49’43.1”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE04505FFF88E67219AEFD6DFB8BFD74" box="[943,1111,655,681]" degrees="88" direction="west" minutes="04" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" precision="1" seconds="48.1" value="-88.080025">88°04’48.1”W</geoCoordinate>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A6513FF88E6721AC6FD50FCDFFD2C" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF88E6721AC6FD50FD9DFD10" blockId="16.[151,1437,583,1941]" box="[199,577,690,717]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF88E6721AC6FD50FE5EFD11" bold="true" box="[199,386,690,716]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Site of infection</emphasis>
: Spiral intestine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF88E6721AC6FD35FCDFFD2C" blockId="16.[151,1437,583,1941]" box="[199,771,726,753]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF88E6721AC6FD35FE0BFD2D" bold="true" box="[199,471,726,753]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Prevalence of infection</emphasis>
: 40% (two of five valves).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A6513FF88E6721AC6FD18FBDDFCE4" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF88E6721AC6FD18FBDDFCE4" blockId="16.[151,1437,583,1941]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF88E6721AC6FD18FE13FCC9" bold="true" box="[199,463,762,788]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Specimens deposited:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B583CC5FF88E6721BDFFD19FCFDFCC8" box="[478,801,762,789]" collectionCode="HWML, LRP, MZUSP" country="Belize" latitude="16.904222" location="Coast of Tobacco Caye" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-88.060616" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" specimenCode="HWML 217959" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Stann Creek" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="548B883AFF88E6721BDFFD19FD9AFCC8" box="[478,582,763,789]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCode id="DB969EE3FF88E672185DFD19FCC6FCC8" box="[604,794,762,789]" collectionCode="HWML" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jbwg-23em" name="Howard W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">HWML 217959</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B583CC5FF88E6721931FD19FA83FCC8" box="[816,1375,763,789]" collectionCode="HWML, LRP, MZUSP" country="Belize" latitude="16.904222" location="Coast of Tobacco Caye" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-88.060616" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" specimenCode="HWML 217960-217962" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Stann Creek" typeStatus="paratype">
and
<specimenCount id="9D36FD11FF88E6721966FD19FBC5FCC8" box="[871,1049,763,789]" count="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">three paratypes</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="DB969EE3FF88E6721E2EFD19FA8FFCC8" box="[1071,1363,763,789]" collectionCode="HWML" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jbwg-23em" name="Howard W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">HWML 217960–217962</specimenCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B583CC5FF88E6721F6FFD19FE29FCE4" collectionCode="HWML, LRP, MZUSP" country="Belize" latitude="16.904222" location="Coast of Tobacco Caye" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-88.060616" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" specimenCode="LRP 11291-11294" specimenCount="4" stateProvince="Stann Creek" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D36FD11FF88E6721F6FFD19FEDEFCE4" count="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">four paratypes</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="DB969EE3FF88E6721B10FCFDFE35FCE4" box="[273,489,799,825]" collectionCode="LRP" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">LRP 11291–11294</specimenCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B583CC5FF88E6721BFDFCFDFBDDFCE4" box="[508,1025,799,825]" collectionCode="HWML, LRP, MZUSP" country="Belize" latitude="16.904222" location="Coast of Tobacco Caye" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-88.060616" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" specimenCode="MZUSP 8062, 8063a-b" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Stann Creek" typeStatus="paratype">
and
<specimenCount id="9D36FD11FF88E672182DFCFDFD0AFCE4" box="[556,726,799,825]" count="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">three paratypes</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="DB969EE3FF88E67218E5FCFDFC58FCE4" box="[740,900,799,825]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">MZUSP 8062</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DB969EE3FF88E672198EFCFDFC28FCE4" box="[911,1012,799,825]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">8063a–b</specimenCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A6513FF88E6721AC6FCA1FE93FC5C" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF88E6721AC6FCA1FE93FC5C" blockId="16.[151,1437,583,1941]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF88E6721AC6FCA1FE8EFC80" bold="true" box="[199,338,835,861]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Etymology:</emphasis>
This species honors Dr. Veronica Mantovani Bueno for her contributions to cestodes taxonomy and systematics.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A6513FF88E6721AC6FC68FEBBF960" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF88E6721AC6FC68FB43FBA0" blockId="16.[151,1437,583,1941]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF88E6721AC6FC68FE85FC79" bold="true" box="[199,345,906,932]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Description.</emphasis>
[Based on
<specimenCount id="9D36FD11FF88E6721BDFFC69FDA0FC78" box="[478,636,907,933]" count="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" type="generic">18 specimens</specimenCount>
: 9 whole mounts of mature worms, 8 scolexes prepared for SEM and cross sections of 1 mature proglottid]: Worms euapolityc,
<quantity id="4CC89B7DFF88E672191AFC4CFC61FC14" box="[795,957,942,969]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3049999999999997" metricValueMax="4.35" metricValueMin="2.26" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="33.05" valueMax="43.5" valueMin="22.6">22.6–43.5 mm</quantity>
(n=9) long with 116–180 proglottids (n=9) in number, maximum width 2472–2828 (n=3) at level of scolex (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF88E6721972FC31FC12FC30" box="[883,974,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[329,1259,193,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-20@9.[317,1271,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Light micrographs of the whole worms of Anthocephalum spp. A. Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (HWML 217938) ex Hypanus gutattus; B. Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (MIUP H 0086) ex Hypanus longus; C. Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (HWML 217953) ex Styracura schmardae; D. Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (HWML 217959) ex S. schmardae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830738/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
). Scolex (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF88E6721E3FFC31FB7EFC30" box="[1086,1186,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1855,1879]" captionTargetBox="[154,1426,184,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-20@15.[151,1435,181,1831]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Line drawings of Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (A–C) and Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (D–F). A. Terminal mature proglottid (MZUSP 8061e); B. Scolex (LRP 11286); C. Terminal genitalia (MZUSP 8061e); D. Scolex (HWML 217961); E. Terminal mature proglottid (HWML 217961); F. Terminal genitalia (LRP 11294)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830746/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Figs. 7D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF88E6721EAEFC31FB12FC30" box="[1199,1230,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1417,1441]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,181,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-20@17.[152,1435,181,1393]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. Scanning electron micrographs of Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (A–E) and Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (F–J). A, F. Scolex, letters in scolexes indicate locations of B–E and G–J, respectively. B, G. Marginal loculi, C, H. Proximal surface of marginal loculus, D, I. Proximal surface of bothridial rim, E, J. Distal surface of bothridium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830748" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830748/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">8F</figureCitation>
) with four stalked bothridia, each one with 180–190 (n=3) marginal loculi and one oval apical sucker; apical sucker 75–107 (n=2) long by 56.5–78 (n=2) wide. Short cephalic peduncle present. Proximal surfaces of marginal loculi next to the bothridial rims covered with acicular filitriches and scolopate spinithriches (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF88E6721972FBDDFC32FB84" box="[883,1006,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1417,1441]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,181,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-20@17.[152,1435,181,1393]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. Scanning electron micrographs of Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (A–E) and Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (F–J). A, F. Scolex, letters in scolexes indicate locations of B–E and G–J, respectively. B, G. Marginal loculi, C, H. Proximal surface of marginal loculus, D, I. Proximal surface of bothridial rim, E, J. Distal surface of bothridium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830748" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830748/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Fig. 8G, H</figureCitation>
); bothridial rims covered with acicular filitriches (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF88E6721B13FB81FEBCFBA0" box="[274,352,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1417,1441]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,181,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-20@17.[152,1435,181,1393]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. Scanning electron micrographs of Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (A–E) and Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (F–J). A, F. Scolex, letters in scolexes indicate locations of B–E and G–J, respectively. B, G. Marginal loculi, C, H. Proximal surface of marginal loculus, D, I. Proximal surface of bothridial rim, E, J. Distal surface of bothridium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830748" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830748/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Fig. 8I</figureCitation>
); distal surface of bothridium covered with capiliform filitriches (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF88E6721E43FB81FB4DFBA0" box="[1090,1169,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1417,1441]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,181,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-20@17.[152,1435,181,1393]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. Scanning electron micrographs of Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (A–E) and Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (F–J). A, F. Scolex, letters in scolexes indicate locations of B–E and G–J, respectively. B, G. Marginal loculi, C, H. Proximal surface of marginal loculus, D, I. Proximal surface of bothridial rim, E, J. Distal surface of bothridium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830748" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830748/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Fig. 8J</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF88E6721AC6FB65FEBBF960" blockId="16.[151,1437,583,1941]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
Proglottids craspedote. Immature proglottids wider than long, becoming longer than wide with maturity,
<quantity id="4CC89B7DFF88E6721F65FB65FF3CFB18" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5814" metricValueMax="4.5212" metricValueMin="2.6416" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" unit="in" value="141.0" valueMax="178.0" valueMin="104.0">104– 178 in</quantity>
number (n=9) (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF88E6721B94FB49FE2CFB18" box="[405,496,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[329,1259,193,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-20@9.[317,1271,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Light micrographs of the whole worms of Anthocephalum spp. A. Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (HWML 217938) ex Hypanus gutattus; B. Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (MIUP H 0086) ex Hypanus longus; C. Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (HWML 217953) ex Styracura schmardae; D. Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (HWML 217959) ex S. schmardae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830738/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
). Mature proglottids (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF88E67218E8FB49FCE3FB18" box="[745,831,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1855,1879]" captionTargetBox="[154,1426,184,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-20@15.[151,1435,181,1831]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Line drawings of Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (A–C) and Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (D–F). A. Terminal mature proglottid (MZUSP 8061e); B. Scolex (LRP 11286); C. Terminal genitalia (MZUSP 8061e); D. Scolex (HWML 217961); E. Terminal mature proglottid (HWML 217961); F. Terminal genitalia (LRP 11294)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830746/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
) 1667–2230 (n=6) long by 405–577 (n=6) wide,
<quantity id="4CC89B7DFF88E6721F73FB49FF71FB34" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" metricValueMax="7.62" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" unit="in" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 in</quantity>
number (n=9). Testes arranged in four columns from near anterior margin of proglottid to anterior margin of genital pore, and 1 row-deep in cross section (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF88E6721896FB11FD24FAD0" box="[663,760,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1855,1879]" captionTargetBox="[154,1426,184,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-20@15.[151,1435,181,1831]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Line drawings of Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (A–C) and Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (D–F). A. Terminal mature proglottid (MZUSP 8061e); B. Scolex (LRP 11286); C. Terminal genitalia (MZUSP 8061e); D. Scolex (HWML 217961); E. Terminal mature proglottid (HWML 217961); F. Terminal genitalia (LRP 11294)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830746/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Figs. 7E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF88E6721902FB11FCF5FAD0" box="[771,809,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[216,1371,163,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-20@13.[204,1383,151,1889]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Micrographs of transversal histological sections of Anthocephalum spp. A, C, E and G, sections at level of testes; B, D, F and H, sections at level of ovary. Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (A, B), Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (C, D), Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (E, F) and Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (G, H). Abbreviations: T. Testes, Vit. Vitelline Follicle, U. Uterus, De. Dorsal excretory duct, Ve. Ventral excretory duct, Od. Oviduct, and Oc. Ovicapt." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830744/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">6G</figureCitation>
). Testes 44–79 (n=5) by 31–66 (n=5) wide, 64–90 (n=4) in number. Cirrus-sac pyriform bent posteriorly, 80.5–272 (n=6) long by 76.5–161 (n=6) wide, containing coiled cirrus (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF88E6721AE6FAD9FEE1FA88" box="[231,317,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1855,1879]" captionTargetBox="[154,1426,184,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-20@15.[151,1435,181,1831]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Line drawings of Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (A–C) and Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (D–F). A. Terminal mature proglottid (MZUSP 8061e); B. Scolex (LRP 11286); C. Terminal genitalia (MZUSP 8061e); D. Scolex (HWML 217961); E. Terminal mature proglottid (HWML 217961); F. Terminal genitalia (LRP 11294)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830746/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
). Cirrus armed with spinitriches. Genital pores lateral, irregularly alternating, 29.5–38.6% (n=6) of proglottid length from posterior end (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF88E6721836FABDFD4CFAA4" box="[567,656,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[329,1259,193,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-20@9.[317,1271,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Light micrographs of the whole worms of Anthocephalum spp. A. Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (HWML 217938) ex Hypanus gutattus; B. Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (MIUP H 0086) ex Hypanus longus; C. Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (HWML 217953) ex Styracura schmardae; D. Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (HWML 217959) ex S. schmardae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830738/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF88E672189AFABDFD60FAA4" box="[667,700,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1855,1879]" captionTargetBox="[154,1426,184,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-20@15.[151,1435,181,1831]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Line drawings of Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (A–C) and Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (D–F). A. Terminal mature proglottid (MZUSP 8061e); B. Scolex (LRP 11286); C. Terminal genitalia (MZUSP 8061e); D. Scolex (HWML 217961); E. Terminal mature proglottid (HWML 217961); F. Terminal genitalia (LRP 11294)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830746/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">7F</figureCitation>
). Ovary near posterior end of proglottid, H-shaped in frontal view (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF88E6721A9EFA61FEDEFA40" box="[159,258,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[329,1259,193,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-20@9.[317,1271,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Light micrographs of the whole worms of Anthocephalum spp. A. Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (HWML 217938) ex Hypanus gutattus; B. Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (MIUP H 0086) ex Hypanus longus; C. Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (HWML 217953) ex Styracura schmardae; D. Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (HWML 217959) ex S. schmardae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830738/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Figs. 3D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF88E6721B0CFA61FEECFA40" box="[269,304,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1855,1879]" captionTargetBox="[154,1426,184,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-20@15.[151,1435,181,1831]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Line drawings of Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (A–C) and Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (D–F). A. Terminal mature proglottid (MZUSP 8061e); B. Scolex (LRP 11286); C. Terminal genitalia (MZUSP 8061e); D. Scolex (HWML 217961); E. Terminal mature proglottid (HWML 217961); F. Terminal genitalia (LRP 11294)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830746/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">7E</figureCitation>
), tetralobed in cross-section (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF88E6721874FA61FD12FA40" box="[629,718,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[216,1371,163,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-20@13.[204,1383,151,1889]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Micrographs of transversal histological sections of Anthocephalum spp. A, C, E and G, sections at level of testes; B, D, F and H, sections at level of ovary. Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (A, B), Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (C, D), Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (E, F) and Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (G, H). Abbreviations: T. Testes, Vit. Vitelline Follicle, U. Uterus, De. Dorsal excretory duct, Ve. Ventral excretory duct, Od. Oviduct, and Oc. Ovicapt." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830744/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Fig. 6H</figureCitation>
), slightly asymmetrical, 393.5–649.5 (n=6) long by 209.5–340.5 (n=6) wide; ovarian bridge near middle of ovary. Mehli’s gland posterior to ovarian bridge. Vagina thick-walled, sinuous, extending medially in proglottid from ootype to anterior margin of cirrus-sac, then laterally to open into genital atrium anterior to cirrus (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF88E6721BFEFA0DFD8FF9D4" box="[511,595,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1855,1879]" captionTargetBox="[154,1426,184,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-20@15.[151,1435,181,1831]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Line drawings of Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (A–C) and Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (D–F). A. Terminal mature proglottid (MZUSP 8061e); B. Scolex (LRP 11286); C. Terminal genitalia (MZUSP 8061e); D. Scolex (HWML 217961); E. Terminal mature proglottid (HWML 217961); F. Terminal genitalia (LRP 11294)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830746/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
). Vitellarium follicular; vitelline follicles 46–74.5 (n=6) by 10.5–22.5 (n=5) wide arranged in two lateral bands, each band consisting of one dorsal and one ventral column of vitelline follicles, extending from posterior margin of the second or third anterior-most row of testes to near posterior margin of the proglottid, interrupted by genital pore both dorsally and ventrally (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF88E6721988F9B9FBD6F9A8" box="[905,1034,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1855,1879]" captionTargetBox="[154,1426,184,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-20@15.[151,1435,181,1831]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Line drawings of Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (A–C) and Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (D–F). A. Terminal mature proglottid (MZUSP 8061e); B. Scolex (LRP 11286); C. Terminal genitalia (MZUSP 8061e); D. Scolex (HWML 217961); E. Terminal mature proglottid (HWML 217961); F. Terminal genitalia (LRP 11294)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830746/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Figs. 7E, F</figureCitation>
). Uterus saccate, ventral, extending along median line of proglottid from near the ovarian bridge to posterior margin of first or second anterior-most row of testes (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF88E6721B02F941FE86F960" box="[259,346,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1855,1879]" captionTargetBox="[154,1426,184,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-20@15.[151,1435,181,1831]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Line drawings of Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (A–C) and Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (D–F). A. Terminal mature proglottid (MZUSP 8061e); B. Scolex (LRP 11286); C. Terminal genitalia (MZUSP 8061e); D. Scolex (HWML 217961); E. Terminal mature proglottid (HWML 217961); F. Terminal genitalia (LRP 11294)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830746/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A6513FF88E6721AC6F925FDA1F848" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF88E6721AC6F925FDA1F848" blockId="16.[151,1437,583,1941]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF88E6721AC6F925FEE1F93C" bold="true" box="[199,317,1735,1761]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Remarks:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF88E6721B49F925FDACF93D" authorityName="Sakai &amp; Marques &amp; Trevisan" authorityYear="2025" box="[328,624,1735,1761]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="veronicae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF88E6721B49F925FDACF93D" box="[328,624,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Anthocephalum veronicae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF88E672187AF925FD62F93C" bold="true" box="[635,702,1735,1761]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757F1FF88E672187AF925FD62F93C" box="[635,702,1735,1761]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is morphologically distinct from all except two species within its genus—
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF88E6721B18F909FE6FF8D8" authorityName="Herzog &amp; Jensen" authorityYear="2018" box="[281,435,1771,1797]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="haroldsoni">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF88E6721B18F909FE6FF8D8" box="[281,435,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">A. haroldsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF88E6721BF1F909FDBCF8D9" authorityName="Herzog &amp; Jensen" authorityYear="2018" box="[496,608,1771,1797]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="gravisi">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF88E6721BF1F909FDBCF8D9" box="[496,608,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">A. gravisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—by possessing uninterrupted vitelline follicles by the ovary. However, the new species is clearly different from
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF88E6721871F8EDFCD5F8F4" authorityName="Herzog &amp; Jensen" authorityYear="2018" box="[624,777,1807,1833]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="haroldsoni">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF88E6721871F8EDFCD5F8F4" box="[624,777,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">A. haroldsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF88E6721944F8EDFC68F8F5" authorityName="Herzog &amp; Jensen" authorityYear="2018" box="[837,948,1807,1833]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="gravisi">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF88E6721944F8EDFC68F8F5" box="[837,948,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">A. gravisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in total length (
<quantity id="4CC89B7DFF88E6721E6EF8ECFACAF8F4" box="[1135,1302,1806,1833]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3049999999999997" metricValueMax="4.35" metricValueMin="2.26" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="33.05" valueMax="43.5" valueMin="22.6">22.6–43.5 mm</quantity>
vs.
<quantity id="4CC89B7DFF88E6721F49F8EDFF1FF890" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="2.75" valueMax="3.7" valueMin="1.8">1.8–3.7 mm</quantity>
and
<quantity id="4CC89B7DFF88E6721AFFF8D1FE55F890" box="[254,393,1843,1869]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" metricValueMax="7.9" metricValueMin="3.6" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="5.75" valueMax="7.9" valueMin="3.6">3.6–7.9 mm</quantity>
, respectively), by possessing a larger number of proglottids (116–180 vs. 9–16 and 17–29, respectively), a higher number of loculi (180–190 vs. 43–52 and 41–57, respectively), and more testes in number (64–90 vs. 23–38 and 25–32, respectively).
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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<mods:title id="AC8E99D01BACBC81003332472DD7210A">Diversity and phylogenetic position of the amphi-American lineages of the tapeworms of the genus Anthocephalum Linton, 1890 (Rhinebothriidea: Anthocephaliidae)</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C32A6513FF89E6731A96F9DBFD7FF98B" box="[151,675,1593,1622]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF89E6731A96F9DBFD7FF98B" blockId="17.[151,675,1593,1622]" box="[151,675,1593,1622]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF89E6731A96F9DBFDC3F98B" ID-CoL="7NP8F" authority="Linton, 1890" authorityName="Linton" authorityYear="1890" box="[151,543,1593,1622]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF89E6731A96F9DBFEB7F98B" bold="true" box="[151,363,1593,1622]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Anthocephalum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B69FF89E6731B72F9DBFDC3F98B" author="Linton, E." box="[371,543,1593,1622]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" pagination="718 - 899" refId="ref18694" refString="Linton, E. (1890) Notes on Entozoa of marine fishes of New England, with descriptions of several new species. Part II. United States Commision of Fish and Fisheries, 15, 718-899. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.995" type="journal article" year="1890">Linton, 1890</bibRefCitation>
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amended
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<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF89E6731A96F966FAB1F943" blockId="17.[151,1437,1667,2018]" box="[151,1389,1667,1694]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
syn.
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF89E6731ACFF961FC96F943" authority="Zamparo, Brooks, &amp; Barriga, 1999" authorityName="Zamparo, Brooks, &amp; Barriga" authorityYear="1999" box="[206,842,1667,1694]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Pararhinebothroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF89E6731ACFF961FE6BF940" box="[206,439,1667,1693]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Pararhinebothroides</emphasis>
Zamparo, Brooks, &amp; Barriga, 1999
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF89E6731954F961FAB5F943" authority="Boudaya, Neifar &amp; Euzet, 2018" authorityName="Boudaya, Neifar &amp; Euzet" authorityYear="2018" box="[853,1385,1667,1694]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Alveobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF89E6731954F961FC27F940" box="[853,1019,1667,1693]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Alveobothrium</emphasis>
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.
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<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF89E6701AC6F94AFBAEFEC0" blockId="17.[151,1437,1667,2018]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,151,1149]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
Worms weakly craspedote, apolytic or euapolytic. Scolex with 4 bothridia and short or absent cephalic peduncle. Bothridia stalked, with numerous marginal loculi and single apical sucker; facial loculi
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF89E6731E63F92EFB06F93B" bold="true" box="[1122,1242,1740,1766]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">present or</emphasis>
absent. Proximal surfaces of marginal loculi with acicular filitriches and with or without scolopate spinitriches, or with capilliform filitriches and narrow gladiate spinitriches; proximal non-locular surfaces of bothridia with acicular filitriches, and with or without narrow gladiate spinitriches; distal bothridial surfaces with acicular or capilliform filitriches and small gladiate spinitriches. Mature proglottids longer than wide. Testes entirely pre-ovarian, medullary; postporal field of testes lacking. Genital pores lateral, usually in posterior half of proglottid; genital atrium present. Internal seminal vesicle present or absent. Vagina sinuous, opening into genital atrium anterior to cirrus sac. Ovary posterior in position, H-shaped in frontal view, tetralobed in cross-section. Vitellaria follicular; vitelline follicles in 2 lateral bands; each band consisting of 1 or more columns of vitelline follicles, uninterrupted by ovary, or partially or completely interrupted by ovary, and interrupted or uninterrupted by genital pore. Uterus median, ventral, sacciform, extending from level of cirrus sac to stopping short of anterior limit of field of testes or to anterior margin of proglottid. Parasites of stingrays (
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF8AE6701811FEE1FD0CFEC0" box="[528,720,259,285]" class="Elasmobranchii" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Myliobatiformes</taxonomicName>
) and electric rays (
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF8AE67019A5FEE1FBBAFEC0" box="[932,1126,259,285]" class="Elasmobranchii" kingdom="Animalia" order="Torpediniformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Torpediniformes</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32A6513FF8AE6701AC6FEC5FECEFBA0" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF8AE6701AC6FEC5FF07FDBC" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF8AE6701AC6FEC5FEE8FE9C" bold="true" box="[199,308,295,321]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Remarks</emphasis>
: The revision of the
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<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF8AE670182EFEC5FD03FE9C" box="[559,735,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Anthocephalum</emphasis>
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diagnosis was necessary to accommodate the unique scolex morphology of
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF8AE6701B50FEA9FDA6FEB8" authorityName="Sakai &amp; Marques &amp; Trevisan" authorityYear="2025" box="[337,634,331,357]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="grabatum" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF8AE6701B50FEA9FDA6FEB8" box="[337,634,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Anthocephalum grabatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF8AE6701886FEA9FD2FFEB8" bold="true" box="[647,755,331,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757F1FF8AE6701886FEA9FD2FFEB8" box="[647,755,331,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF8AE670193AFEA9FBB7FEB9" authorityName="Sakai &amp; Marques &amp; Trevisan" authorityYear="2025" baseAuthorityName="Sakai &amp; Marques &amp; Trevisan" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[827,1131,331,357]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="zarzisense" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF8AE670193AFEA9FBB7FEB9" box="[827,1131,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Anthocephalum zarzisense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF8AE6701E79FEA9FB3FFEB8" bold="true" box="[1144,1251,331,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757F1FF8AE6701E79FEA9FB3FFEB8" box="[1144,1251,331,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, which possess facially loculated bothridia. The incorporation of these two species raises the total number of species within the genus to 30 (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B69FF8AE6701B2CFE71FDFCFE70" author="Boudaya, L. &amp; Neifar, L. &amp; Euzet, L." box="[301,544,403,429]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref16918" refString="Boudaya, L., Neifar, L. &amp; Euzet, L. (2018) A new genus and three new species of Anthocephaliidae (Cestoda, Rhinebothriidea) from the round fantail stingray, Taeniurops grabata (Chondrychthyes, Dasyatidae) from the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Helminthology, 94 (e 11), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X18001025" type="journal article" year="2018">
Boudaya
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF8AE6701B9AFE71FE0AFE70" box="[411,470,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">et al.</emphasis>
, 2018
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B69FF8AE670182FFE71FC8FFE70" author="Herzog, K. S. &amp; Jensen, K." box="[558,851,403,429]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="505 - 522" refId="ref18125" refString="Herzog, K. S. &amp; Jensen, K. (2018) Five new species of the tapeworm genus Anthocephalum (Rhinebothriidea: Anthocephaliidae) parasitizing a single species of indo-pacific stingray and a revised diagnosis of the genus. Journal of Parasitology, 104 (5), 505-522. https://doi.org/10.1645/18-53" type="journal article" year="2018">Herzog and Jensen, 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF8AE6701966FE71FBD1FE70" authorityName="Boudaya, Neifar &amp; Euzet" authorityYear="2018" box="[871,1037,403,429]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Alveobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF8AE6701966FE71FBD1FE70" box="[871,1037,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Alveobothrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was established by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B69FF8AE6701EF7FE71FF3EFE0C" author="Boudaya, L. &amp; Neifar, L. &amp; Euzet, L." pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref16918" refString="Boudaya, L., Neifar, L. &amp; Euzet, L. (2018) A new genus and three new species of Anthocephaliidae (Cestoda, Rhinebothriidea) from the round fantail stingray, Taeniurops grabata (Chondrychthyes, Dasyatidae) from the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Helminthology, 94 (e 11), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X18001025" type="journal article" year="2018">
Boudaya
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF8AE6701F63FE71FA41FE70" box="[1378,1437,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">et al.</emphasis>
(2018)
</bibRefCitation>
to include species morphologically akin to
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF8AE67018CDFE55FCA0FE0C" authorityName="Linton" authorityYear="1890" box="[716,892,439,465]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF8AE67018CDFE55FCA0FE0C" box="[716,892,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Anthocephalum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but characterized by a scolex bearing staggered facial loculi arranged in multiple rows, a trait absent in
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF8AE6701908FE39FC65FE28" authorityName="Linton" authorityYear="1890" box="[777,953,475,501]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF8AE6701908FE39FC65FE28" box="[777,953,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Anthocephalum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757F1FF8AE67019C1FE39FB90FE28" box="[960,1100,475,501]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B69FF8AE6701E5AFE39FAE2FE28" author="Ruhnke, T. R. &amp; Caira, J. N. &amp; Cox, A." box="[1115,1342,474,501]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="51 - 81" refId="ref19737" refString="Ruhnke, T. R., Caira, J. N. &amp; Cox, A. (2015) The Cestode order Rhinebothriidea no longer family-less: a molecular phylogenetic investigation with erection of two new families and description of eight new species of Anthocephalum. Zootaxa, 3904 (1), 51-81. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3904.1.3" type="journal article" year="2015">
Ruhnke
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF8AE6701EBDFE39FB28FE28" box="[1212,1268,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">et al.</emphasis>
, 2015
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B69FF8AE6701F4BFE39FE87FDC4" author="Herzog, K. S. &amp; Jensen, K." pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="505 - 522" refId="ref18125" refString="Herzog, K. S. &amp; Jensen, K. (2018) Five new species of the tapeworm genus Anthocephalum (Rhinebothriidea: Anthocephaliidae) parasitizing a single species of indo-pacific stingray and a revised diagnosis of the genus. Journal of Parasitology, 104 (5), 505-522. https://doi.org/10.1645/18-53" type="journal article" year="2018">Herzog and Jensen, 2018</bibRefCitation>
). Despite this distinguishing feature,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF8AE67018F6FE1DFC41FDC4" authorityName="Boudaya, Neifar &amp; Euzet" authorityYear="2018" box="[759,925,511,537]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Alveobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF8AE67018F6FE1DFC41FDC4" box="[759,925,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Alveobothrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares all other morphological characteristics with
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF8AE6701AD1FDC1FE5CFDE0" authorityName="Linton" authorityYear="1890" box="[208,384,547,573]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF8AE6701AD1FDC1FE5CFDE0" box="[208,384,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Anthocephalum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, leading the authors to recognize
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF8AE67018FBFDC1FC7CFDE0" authorityName="Boudaya, Neifar &amp; Euzet" authorityYear="2018" box="[762,928,547,573]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Alveobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF8AE67018FBFDC1FC7CFDE0" box="[762,928,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Alveobothrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the basis of its unique scolex morphology alone.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF8AE6701AC6FD89FECEFBA0" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
Phylogenetic analyses have previously supported the inclusion of tapeworms with varying scolex morphologies within a single genus of chondrichthyan parasites (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B69FF8AE6701903FD6DFC0DFD74" author="Reyda, F. B. &amp; Healy, C. J. &amp; Haslach, A. R. &amp; Ruhnke, T. R. &amp; Aprill, T. L. &amp; Bergman, M. P. &amp; Daigler, A. L. &amp; Dedrick, E. A. &amp; Delgado, I. &amp; Forti, K. S. &amp; Herzog, K. S. &amp; Russell, R. S. &amp; Willsey, D. D." box="[770,977,655,681]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref19439" refString="Reyda, F. B., Healy, C. J., Haslach, A. R., Ruhnke, T. R., Aprill, T. L., Bergman, M. P., Daigler, A. L., Dedrick, E. A., Delgado, I., Forti, K. S., Herzog, K. S., Russell, R. S. &amp; Willsey, D. D. (2016) A new genus of rhinebothriidean cestodes from batoid elasmobranchs, with the description of five new species and two new combinations. Folia Parasitologica, 63, 1-28. https://doi.org/10.14411/fp.2016.038" type="journal article" year="2016">
Reyda
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF8AE6701951FD6DFC54FD74" box="[848,904,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">et al.</emphasis>
, 2016
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B69FF8AE67019DBFD6DFB1DFD74" author="Trevisan, B. &amp; Primon, J. F. &amp; Marques, F. P. L." box="[986,1217,655,681]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" refId="ref20417" refString="Trevisan, B., Primon, J. F. &amp; Marques, F. P. L. (2017) Systematics and diversification of Anindobothrium Marques, Brooks &amp; Lasso, 2001 (Eucestoda: Rhinebothriidea). PLoS ONE, 12 (9), e 0184632. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0184632" type="journal volume" year="2017">
Trevisan
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF8AE6701E43FD6DFBA5FD74" box="[1090,1145,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">et al.</emphasis>
, 2017
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B69FF8AE6701ECDFD6DFA4DFD74" author="Caira, J. N. &amp; Jensen, K. &amp; Hayes, C. &amp; Ruhnke, T. R." box="[1228,1425,655,681]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref17383" refString="Caira, J. N., Jensen, K., Hayes, C. &amp; Ruhnke, T. R. (2020) Insights from new cestodes of the crocodile shark, Pseudocarcharias kamoharai (Lamniformes: Pseudocarchariidae), prompt expansion of Scyphyophyllidum and formal synonymization of seven phyllobothriidean genera - at last! Journal of Helmintology, 94 (e 132), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X20000036" type="journal article" year="2020">
Caira
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF8AE6701F0EFD6DFA9BFD74" box="[1295,1351,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">et al.</emphasis>
, 2020
</bibRefCitation>
). For example,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF8AE6701B30FD51FC4BFD10" authority="Marques, Brooks &amp; Lasso, 2001" authorityName="Marques, Brooks &amp; Lasso" authorityYear="2001" box="[305,919,691,717]" class="Cestoda" family="Anindobothriidae" genus="Anindobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="lisae">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF8AE6701B30FD51FDF8FD10" box="[305,548,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Anindobothrium lisae</emphasis>
Marques, Brooks &amp; Lasso, 2001
</taxonomicName>
, a parasite of freshwater stingrays, lacks facial loculi and longitudinal septa, which contrast with marine species of the same genus that exhibit these features. Despite these differences,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF8AE6701BC0FD19FD6AFCC8" authorityName="Marques, Brooks &amp; Lasso" authorityYear="2001" box="[449,694,763,789]" class="Cestoda" family="Anindobothriidae" genus="Anindobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="lisae">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF8AE6701BC0FD19FD6AFCC8" box="[449,694,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Anindobothrium lisae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares key morphological traits with other members of the genus and is confirmed by molecular evidence to belong to
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF8AE6701902FCFDFB14FCE4" authority="(Trevisan et al., 2017)" baseAuthorityName="Trevisan" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[771,1224,799,825]" class="Cestoda" family="Anindobothriidae" genus="Anindobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF8AE6701902FCFDFC67FCE4" box="[771,955,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Anindobothrium</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B69FF8AE67019CDFCFDFB1DFCE4" author="Trevisan, B. &amp; Primon, J. F. &amp; Marques, F. P. L." box="[972,1217,799,825]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" refId="ref20417" refString="Trevisan, B., Primon, J. F. &amp; Marques, F. P. L. (2017) Systematics and diversification of Anindobothrium Marques, Brooks &amp; Lasso, 2001 (Eucestoda: Rhinebothriidea). PLoS ONE, 12 (9), e 0184632. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0184632" type="journal volume" year="2017">
Trevisan
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF8AE6701E39FCFDFBAFFCE4" box="[1080,1139,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">et al.</emphasis>
, 2017
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Additionally, in a recent redefinition of
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF8AE6701B87FCA1FCD7FC80" authority="Woodland, 1927" authorityName="Woodland" authorityYear="1927" box="[390,779,835,861]" class="Cestoda" family="Phyllobothriidae" genus="Scyphophyllidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllobothriidea" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF8AE6701B87FCA1FD93FC80" box="[390,591,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Scyphophyllidium</emphasis>
Woodland, 1927
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF8AE6701919FCA1FC05FC80" authorityName="Caira, Jensen, Waeschenbach, Olson &amp; Littlewood" authorityYear="2014" box="[792,985,835,861]" class="Cestoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllobothriidea" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="order">Phyllobothriidea</taxonomicName>
),
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B69FF8AE67019EBFCA1FB68FC80" author="Caira, J. N. &amp; Jensen, K. &amp; Hayes, C. &amp; Ruhnke, T. R." box="[1002,1204,835,861]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref17383" refString="Caira, J. N., Jensen, K., Hayes, C. &amp; Ruhnke, T. R. (2020) Insights from new cestodes of the crocodile shark, Pseudocarcharias kamoharai (Lamniformes: Pseudocarchariidae), prompt expansion of Scyphyophyllidum and formal synonymization of seven phyllobothriidean genera - at last! Journal of Helmintology, 94 (e 132), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X20000036" type="journal article" year="2020">
Caira
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF8AE6701E2CFCA1FBBFFC80" box="[1069,1123,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">et al.</emphasis>
(2020)
</bibRefCitation>
examined six genera with similar proglottid anatomy and unique ultrastructural characteristics but divergent bothridial morphologies, such as the presence or absence of apical suckers and loculi. They concluded that bothridial morphology represented intra-genus diversity and proposed synonymizing the six genera under
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF8AE67019C7FC4DFB53FC14" authorityName="Woodland" authorityYear="1927" box="[966,1167,943,969]" class="Cestoda" family="Phyllobothriidae" genus="Scyphophyllidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllobothriidea" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF8AE67019C7FC4DFB53FC14" box="[966,1167,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Scyphophyllidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, organizing the species into eight groups based on bothridial morphology. Similarly, despite differences in bothridial morphology, species of
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF8AE6701ABAFC15FEB7FBCC" authorityName="Linton" authorityYear="1890" box="[187,363,1015,1041]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF8AE6701ABAFC15FEB7FBCC" box="[187,363,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Anthocephalum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF8AE6701BAAFC15FD8DFBCC" authorityName="Boudaya, Neifar &amp; Euzet" authorityYear="2018" box="[427,593,1015,1041]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Alveobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF8AE6701BAAFC15FD8DFBCC" box="[427,593,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Alveobothrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
display comparable proglottid anatomies. In our phylogenetic analysis, the positioning of
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF8AE6701B6EFBF9FD51FBE8" authorityName="Boudaya, Neifar &amp; Euzet" authorityYear="2018" box="[367,653,1051,1077]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Alveobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="grabatum">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF8AE6701B6EFBF9FD51FBE8" box="[367,653,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Alveobothrium grabatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
alongside other
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF8AE6701950FBF9FB81FBE8" box="[849,1117,1051,1077]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF8AE6701950FBF9FBDDFBE8" box="[849,1025,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Anthocephalum</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
is strongly supported. This result, when considered in conjunction with the aforementioned evidence, substantiates the proposed taxonomic synonymy.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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data/03/99/87/0399878EFF90E6691A96FC67FAC9FB18.xml Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,540 @@
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<mods:title id="5AD565019C126BE99A39F04C8438C58C">Diversity and phylogenetic position of the amphi-American lineages of the tapeworms of the genus Anthocephalum Linton, 1890 (Rhinebothriidea: Anthocephaliidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="81865CDFDE725B4F22627CD36B66F04B">Departamento de Zoologia - Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 101, travessa 14, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508 - 090.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="8A2C45F38C4E77339D6CEB1C97DA3345" type="personal">
<mods:role id="BC055F8A3550D164C8B69017EF2D74D9">
<mods:roleTerm id="09CDDA656AD53BDA4E6FB1204C707C21">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="AC6215A6973111E373A1DCDFD7814CC2">Marques, Fernando P. L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="44FEFA484BF933BA95D388D32F514C68">Departamento de Zoologia - Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 101, travessa 14, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508 - 090.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="60784FCBA0847F78B41D6E1D1BA94263" type="personal">
<mods:role id="24D5AC3A175EA327A620A1574CE3711E">
<mods:roleTerm id="98A1BB93F2382A66C9416C36E9AA198A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="BC8ADFCC2ACC6ED3AF0A245C8087FBC0">Trevisan, Bruna</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CE76EF43DFF9AB9B1205E58A6D1780DB">Departamento de Zoologia - Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 101, travessa 14, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508 - 090.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="E2F22FCDDDC6FDEACDEB33A395D0128F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="3547C730B15B0FCB42666EB7F6DC3621" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="428B766C16C5A376A5A0016EDA8A9A9F">
<mods:title id="84E8CE35A282EFCDCEC2FCAC6660CB00">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="769AF477AC2DB92CCBA7E972FEE67D8A">
<mods:date id="0A60D2B01572532679B7C45865B36B80">2025</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="C28EF01E7387CDF073B1718A01832CE5" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="DED594D55FC1FBE6ADC86DB45632F7E4">2025-02-07</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="49166DD7D4270341F6AA53BC2B28E9B6" type="volume">
<mods:number id="0CC031D69F58AAD8913689B9A731E841">5584</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="0F5756509683876C14EEDF71F8362028" type="issue">
<mods:number id="2E5C5F8CE19CEE1836A3C3F29AB8EEEB">2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="4E6ACAE40D9AF3C72BD686AD1D470B51" unit="page">
<mods:start id="C7408CDAB00466ECB6686A3959E1D97B">151</mods:start>
<mods:end id="0B22122EF9492C59F38107F1A04EB0BA">178</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="0B4CB54A0897D47AA01769F4D5D6C967">
<mods:url id="A647A3ABB12FF25FC48CAF4FFFE04162">https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="60634125A66EBA3BA0330449086525FF">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="C1AC3126B10EB1653CC73717CC45BA76" type="CLB-Dataset">308128</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F8115063A542C5EF491E377CACD94229" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9A19BBC626FCA7B17D2FE498007E0ECD" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5953057312E301F5F051470FC79D739F" type="Zenodo-Dep">14830734</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2DC409F90D0C1D749327E0DA40BF11B5" type="ZooBank">90106349-9755-4A8E-BFA6-DC33140EC733</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="0399878EFF90E6691A96FC67FAC9FB18" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14867233" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14867233" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0399878EFF90E6691A96FC67FAC9FB18" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399878EFF90E6691A96FC67FAC9FB18" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="162" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
<heading id="D0C781F4FF90E66A1A96FC67FB4EFC42" bold="true" box="[151,1170,901,928]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF90E66A1A96FC67FB4EFC42" bold="true" box="[151,1170,901,928]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
<subSubSection id="C32A6513FF90E66A1A96FC67FDF4FC42" box="[151,552,901,928]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF90E66A1A96FC67FDF4FC42" blockId="8.[151,1170,901,964]" box="[151,552,901,928]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF90E66A1A96FC67FE0BFC7D" authorityName="Sakai &amp; Marques &amp; Trevisan" authorityYear="2025" box="[151,471,901,928]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="machadoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF90E66A1A96FC67FE0BFC7D" bold="true" box="[151,471,901,928]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Anthocephalum machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757F1FF90E66A1BDEFC67FDFEFC42" box="[479,546,901,927]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A6513FF90E66A182EFC67FB4EFC42" box="[559,1170,901,927]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF90E66A182EFC67FB4EFC42" blockId="8.[151,1170,901,964]" box="[559,1170,901,927]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
Family
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF90E66A188CFC67FCB7FC42" authorityName="Ruhnke, Caira &amp; Cox" authorityYear="2015" box="[653,875,901,927]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Anthocephaliidae</taxonomicName>
, order
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF90E66A19C4FC67FB4EFC42" authorityName="Healy, Caira, Jensen, Webster &amp; Littlewood" authorityYear="2009" box="[965,1170,901,927]" class="Cestoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="order">Rhinebothriidea</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</emphasis>
</heading>
<subSubSection id="C32A6513FF90E66A1A96FC4BFE27FC1E" box="[151,507,937,964]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF90E66A1A96FC4BFE27FC1E" blockId="8.[151,1170,901,964]" box="[151,507,937,964]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
(
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF90E66A1A9EFC4BFEDFFC1E" box="[159,259,937,963]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[329,1259,193,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-20@9.[317,1271,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Light micrographs of the whole worms of Anthocephalum spp. A. Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (HWML 217938) ex Hypanus gutattus; B. Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (MIUP H 0086) ex Hypanus longus; C. Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (HWML 217953) ex Styracura schmardae; D. Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (HWML 217959) ex S. schmardae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830738/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Figs. 3A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF90E66A1B0EFC4BFE89FC1E" box="[271,341,937,963]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1880,1904]" captionTargetBox="[170,1402,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[159,1429,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Line drawings of Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (A–C) and Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (D–F). A. Terminal mature proglottid (HWML 217942); B. Scolex (HWML 217942); C. Terminal genitalia (HWML 217942); D. Terminal genitalia (HWML 217950); E. Scolex (HWML 217950); F. Terminal mature proglottid (MIUP H 0086)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830740/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">4A–C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF90E66A1B61FC4BFE78FC19" box="[352,420,937,964]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1144,1168]" captionTargetBox="[162,1426,181,1120]" captionTargetId="figure-24@12.[162,1426,181,1120]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (A–E) and Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (F–J). A, F. Scolex, Letters in scolexes indicate locations of B–E and G–J, respectively. B, G. Marginal loculi, C, H. Proximal surface of marginal loculus, D, I. Proximal surface of bothridial rim, E, J. Distal surface of bothridium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830742" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830742/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">5A–E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF90E66A1BAEFC4BFE28FC1E" box="[431,500,937,963]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[216,1371,163,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-20@13.[204,1383,151,1889]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Micrographs of transversal histological sections of Anthocephalum spp. A, C, E and G, sections at level of testes; B, D, F and H, sections at level of ovary. Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (A, B), Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (C, D), Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (E, F) and Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (G, H). Abbreviations: T. Testes, Vit. Vitelline Follicle, U. Uterus, De. Dorsal excretory duct, Ve. Ventral excretory duct, Od. Oviduct, and Oc. Ovicapt." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830744/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">6A–B</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A6513FF90E66A1A96FC13FC1DFBD6" box="[151,961,1009,1036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF90E66A1A96FC13FC1DFBD6" blockId="8.[151,1437,1009,2044]" box="[151,961,1009,1036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF90E66A1A96FC13FEC8FBD6" bold="true" box="[151,276,1009,1035]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
<typeStatus id="548B883AFF90E66A1A96FC13FF0EFBD6" box="[151,210,1009,1035]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Type</typeStatus>
host:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF90E66A1B1AFC10FD0CFBD6" authority="(Bloch &amp; Schneider)" baseAuthorityName="Bloch &amp; Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[283,720,1009,1035]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Hypanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttatus">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF90E66A1B1AFC10FE03FBD6" box="[283,479,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Hypanus guttatus</emphasis>
(Bloch &amp; Schneider)
</taxonomicName>
– Longnose stingray.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A6513FF90E66A1AC6FBF7FBF5FB8E" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF90E66A1AC6FBF7FBA7FBED" blockId="8.[151,1437,1009,2044]" box="[199,1147,1045,1072]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
<materialsCitation id="3B583CC5FF90E66A1AC6FBF7FBABFBED" box="[199,1143,1045,1072]" country="Brazil" latitude="-9.6737" location="Maceio" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-35.735302" municipality="Maceio" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alagoas" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF90E66A1AC6FBF7FEB5FBF2" bold="true" box="[199,361,1045,1071]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Type locality:</emphasis>
Coast of
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEBACE2FF90E66A1BD4FBF7FDF0FBF2" box="[469,556,1045,1071]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Maceió</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="49F4F87AFF90E66A1837FBF7FD49FBF2" box="[566,661,1045,1071]" country="Brazil" name="Alagoas" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Alagoas</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3277608FF90E66A189EFBF7FD3FFBF2" box="[671,739,1045,1071]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE04505FFF90E66A18F2FBF7FC42FBED" box="[755,926,1045,1072]" degrees="09" direction="south" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" precision="1" seconds="25.32" value="-9.6737">09°40’25.32”S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE04505FFF90E66A19ABFBF7FBB3FBED" box="[938,1135,1045,1072]" degrees="035" direction="west" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" precision="1" seconds="07.08" value="-35.735302">035°44’07.08”W</geoCoordinate>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF90E66A1AC6FBDBFBF5FB8E" blockId="8.[151,1437,1009,2044]" box="[199,1065,1080,1107]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF90E66A1AC6FBDBFE72FB8E" bold="true" box="[199,430,1081,1107]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Additional locality:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B583CC5FF90E66A1BB4FBDBFBF9FB8E" box="[437,1061,1080,1107]" country="Brazil" latitude="-1.0094111" location="Colares" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-48.2798" municipality="Colares" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Para">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEBACE2FF90E66A1BB4FBDBFDD1FB8E" box="[437,525,1081,1107]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Colares</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="49F4F87AFF90E66A1818FBDBFD92FB8E" box="[537,590,1081,1107]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Pará</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3277608FF90E66A1859FBDBFD40FB8E" box="[600,668,1081,1107]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE04505FFF90E66A18ADFBDBFC8EFB8E" box="[684,850,1080,1107]" degrees="01" direction="south" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" precision="1" seconds="33.88" value="-1.0094111">
01
<superScript id="7C459BD0FF90E66A18C8FBDAFD13FB9A" attach="none" box="[713,719,1080,1095]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">◦</superScript>
00’33.88”S
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE04505FFF90E66A195CFBDBFBC1FB8E" box="[861,1053,1080,1107]" degrees="048" direction="west" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" precision="1" seconds="47.28" value="-48.2798">
048
<superScript id="7C459BD0FF90E66A1986FBDAFC51FB9A" attach="none" box="[903,909,1080,1095]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">◦</superScript>
16’47.28”W
</geoCoordinate>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A6513FF90E66A1AC6FBBFFD20FB46" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF90E66A1AC6FBBFFD9FFBAA" blockId="8.[151,1437,1009,2044]" box="[199,579,1117,1143]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF90E66A1AC6FBBFFE57FBAA" bold="true" box="[199,395,1117,1143]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Site of infection:</emphasis>
Spiral intestine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF90E66A1AC6FB63FD20FB46" blockId="8.[151,1437,1009,2044]" box="[199,764,1153,1179]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF90E66A1AC6FB63FE3CFB46" bold="true" box="[199,480,1153,1179]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Prevalence of infection:</emphasis>
44.9% (31 of 69 valves).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A6513FF90E66A1AC6FB47FB6CFB3E" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF90E66A1AC6FB47FB6CFB3E" blockId="8.[151,1437,1009,2044]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF90E66A1AC6FB47FE15FB62" bold="true" box="[199,457,1189,1215]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Specimens deposited:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B583CC5FF90E66A1BD3FB47FD28FB62" box="[466,756,1189,1215]" collectionCode="MZUSP, HWML, LRP" country="Brazil" latitude="-9.6737" location="Maceio" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-35.735302" municipality="Maceio" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" specimenCode="MZUSP 8076" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alagoas" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="548B883AFF90E66A1BD3FB47FDE6FB62" box="[466,570,1189,1215]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCode id="DB969EE3FF90E66A184AFB47FD30FB62" box="[587,748,1189,1215]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">MZUSP 8076</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B583CC5FF90E66A18FCFB47FEFAFB39" collectionCode="MZUSP, HWML, LRP" country="Brazil" latitude="-9.6737" location="Maceio" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-35.735302" municipality="Maceio" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" specimenCode="MZUSP 8054a-e, 8055, 8056a-b, 8057, 8058, 8059" specimenCount="11" stateProvince="Alagoas" typeStatus="paratype">
and
<specimenCount id="9D36FD11FF90E66A192FFB47FC95FB62" box="[814,841,1189,1215]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" type="generic">11</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="548B883AFF90E66A1953FB44FC61FB1D" box="[850,957,1190,1216]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">paratypes</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCode id="DB969EE3FF90E66A19CFFB47FEC6FB39" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">MZUSP 8054a–e, 8055, 8056a–b, 8057, 8058, 8059</specimenCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B583CC5FF90E66A1B2CFB2BFD2DFB3E" box="[301,753,1225,1252]" collectionCode="MZUSP, HWML, LRP" country="Brazil" latitude="-9.6737" location="Maceio" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-35.735302" municipality="Maceio" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" specimenCode="HWML 217938-217949" specimenCount="12" stateProvince="Alagoas" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D36FD11FF90E66A1B2CFB2BFE95FB3E" box="[301,329,1225,1251]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" type="generic">12</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="548B883AFF90E66A1B51FB28FE67FB39" box="[336,443,1226,1252]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">paratypes</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCode id="DB969EE3FF90E66A1BCBFB2BFD3AFB3E" box="[458,742,1225,1251]" collectionCode="HWML" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jbwg-23em" name="Howard W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">HWML 217938–217949</specimenCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B583CC5FF90E66A18F8FB2BFB6CFB3E" box="[761,1200,1225,1252]" collectionCode="MZUSP, HWML, LRP" country="Brazil" latitude="-9.6737" location="Maceio" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-35.735302" municipality="Maceio" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" specimenCode="LRP 11270-11281" specimenCount="12" stateProvince="Alagoas" typeStatus="paratype">
and,
<specimenCount id="9D36FD11FF90E66A192EFB2BFC97FB3E" box="[815,843,1225,1251]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" type="generic">12</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="548B883AFF90E66A1953FB28FC61FB39" box="[850,957,1226,1252]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">paratypes</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCode id="DB969EE3FF90E66A19CDFB2BFB78FB3E" box="[972,1188,1225,1251]" collectionCode="LRP" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">LRP 11270–11281</specimenCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A6513FF90E66A1AC6FB0FFD8DFAF6" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF90E66A1AC6FB0FFD8DFAF6" blockId="8.[151,1437,1009,2044]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF90E66A1AC6FB0FFE8EFADA" bold="true" box="[199,338,1261,1287]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Etymology:</emphasis>
This species honors Dr. Denis Jacob Machado for his contribution to the systematics of cestodes through his expertise in bioinformatics.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A6513FF90E6691AC6FAD7FCDCFEC0" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="162" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF90E66A1AC6FAD7FDF6F991" blockId="8.[151,1437,1009,2044]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF90E66A1AC6FAD7FE85FA92" bold="true" box="[199,345,1333,1359]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Description.</emphasis>
[Based on
<specimenCount id="9D36FD11FF90E66A1BE4FAD7FD5AFA92" box="[485,646,1333,1359]" count="37" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" type="generic">37 specimens</specimenCount>
: 29 whole mounts of mature worms, 2 scolexes prepared for SEM and cross sections of 6 mature proglottids]: Worms apolytic,
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(n=29) long with 20–45 proglottids (n=29) in number, maximum width 439.5–761 (n=10) at level of scolex (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF90E66A19CBFA9FFBF8FA4A" box="[970,1060,1405,1431]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[329,1259,193,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-20@9.[317,1271,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Light micrographs of the whole worms of Anthocephalum spp. A. Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (HWML 217938) ex Hypanus gutattus; B. Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (MIUP H 0086) ex Hypanus longus; C. Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (HWML 217953) ex Styracura schmardae; D. Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (HWML 217959) ex S. schmardae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830738/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). Scolex (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF90E66A1E95FA9FFB2AFA4A" box="[1172,1270,1405,1431]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1880,1904]" captionTargetBox="[170,1402,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[159,1429,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Line drawings of Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (A–C) and Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (D–F). A. Terminal mature proglottid (HWML 217942); B. Scolex (HWML 217942); C. Terminal genitalia (HWML 217942); D. Terminal genitalia (HWML 217950); E. Scolex (HWML 217950); F. Terminal mature proglottid (MIUP H 0086)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830740/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Figs. 4B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF90E66A1F03FA9FFAF9FA45" box="[1282,1317,1405,1432]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1144,1168]" captionTargetBox="[162,1426,181,1120]" captionTargetId="figure-24@12.[162,1426,181,1120]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (A–E) and Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (F–J). A, F. Scolex, Letters in scolexes indicate locations of B–E and G–J, respectively. B, G. Marginal loculi, C, H. Proximal surface of marginal loculus, D, I. Proximal surface of bothridial rim, E, J. Distal surface of bothridium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830742" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830742/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">5A</figureCitation>
) with four stalked bothridia, each one with 76–96 (n=10) marginal loculi and one oval apical sucker; apical sucker 33.6–45.1 (n=4) long by 29.5–32.7 (n=4) wide. Short cephalic peduncle present. Proximal surfaces of marginal loculi next to the bothridial rims covered with acicular filitriches and scolopate spinithriches (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF90E66A1E36FA0BFB6DF9DE" box="[1079,1201,1513,1540]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1144,1168]" captionTargetBox="[162,1426,181,1120]" captionTargetId="figure-24@12.[162,1426,181,1120]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (A–E) and Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (F–J). A, F. Scolex, Letters in scolexes indicate locations of B–E and G–J, respectively. B, G. Marginal loculi, C, H. Proximal surface of marginal loculus, D, I. Proximal surface of bothridial rim, E, J. Distal surface of bothridium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830742" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830742/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Fig. 5B, C</figureCitation>
); bothridial rims and proximal surface of marginal loculi covered with acicular filitriches (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF90E66A19A0F9EFFC27F9F5" box="[929,1019,1549,1576]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1144,1168]" captionTargetBox="[162,1426,181,1120]" captionTargetId="figure-24@12.[162,1426,181,1120]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (A–E) and Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (F–J). A, F. Scolex, Letters in scolexes indicate locations of B–E and G–J, respectively. B, G. Marginal loculi, C, H. Proximal surface of marginal loculus, D, I. Proximal surface of bothridial rim, E, J. Distal surface of bothridium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830742" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830742/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
); distal surfaces of bothridia covered with capiliform filitriches (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF90E66A1BC7F9D3FDC1F991" box="[454,541,1585,1612]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1144,1168]" captionTargetBox="[162,1426,181,1120]" captionTargetId="figure-24@12.[162,1426,181,1120]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (A–E) and Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (F–J). A, F. Scolex, Letters in scolexes indicate locations of B–E and G–J, respectively. B, G. Marginal loculi, C, H. Proximal surface of marginal loculus, D, I. Proximal surface of bothridial rim, E, J. Distal surface of bothridium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830742" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830742/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF90E6691AC6F9B7FCDCFEC0" blockId="8.[151,1437,1009,2044]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,1221]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="162" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
Proglottids slightly craspedote. Immature proglottids wider than long, becoming longer than wide with maturity,
<quantity id="4CC89B7DFF90E66A1A96F99BFF25F94E" box="[151,249,1657,1683]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.366" metricValueMax="10.668" metricValueMin="4.064" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" unit="in" value="29.0" valueMax="42.0" valueMin="16.0">16–42 in</quantity>
number (n = 29) (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF90E66A1BBEF99BFDC4F94E" box="[447,536,1657,1683]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[329,1259,193,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-20@9.[317,1271,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Light micrographs of the whole worms of Anthocephalum spp. A. Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (HWML 217938) ex Hypanus gutattus; B. Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (MIUP H 0086) ex Hypanus longus; C. Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (HWML 217953) ex Styracura schmardae; D. Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (HWML 217959) ex S. schmardae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830738/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). Mature proglottids (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF90E66A1909F99BFC82F94E" box="[776,862,1657,1683]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1880,1904]" captionTargetBox="[170,1402,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[159,1429,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Line drawings of Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (A–C) and Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (D–F). A. Terminal mature proglottid (HWML 217942); B. Scolex (HWML 217942); C. Terminal genitalia (HWML 217942); D. Terminal genitalia (HWML 217950); E. Scolex (HWML 217950); F. Terminal mature proglottid (MIUP H 0086)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830740/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
) 1,066–1,749.6 (n=15) long by 125.2–225.3 (n=15) wide,
<quantity id="4CC89B7DFF90E66A1ADCF97FFEF9F96A" box="[221,293,1693,1719]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" metricValueMax="10.16" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" unit="in" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1–4 in</quantity>
number (n = 29). Testes arranged in two columns from near anterior margin of proglottid to level of genital pore, and 1 row-deep in cross-section (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF90E66A18AAF923FCCDF906" box="[683,785,1729,1755]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1880,1904]" captionTargetBox="[170,1402,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[159,1429,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Line drawings of Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (A–C) and Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (D–F). A. Terminal mature proglottid (HWML 217942); B. Scolex (HWML 217942); C. Terminal genitalia (HWML 217942); D. Terminal genitalia (HWML 217950); E. Scolex (HWML 217950); F. Terminal mature proglottid (MIUP H 0086)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830740/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Figs. 4A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF90E66A191EF923FC99F906" box="[799,837,1729,1755]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[216,1371,163,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-20@13.[204,1383,151,1889]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Micrographs of transversal histological sections of Anthocephalum spp. A, C, E and G, sections at level of testes; B, D, F and H, sections at level of ovary. Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (A, B), Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (C, D), Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (E, F) and Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (G, H). Abbreviations: T. Testes, Vit. Vitelline Follicle, U. Uterus, De. Dorsal excretory duct, Ve. Ventral excretory duct, Od. Oviduct, and Oc. Ovicapt." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830744/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">6A</figureCitation>
). Testes 35.5–72.5 (n=17) long by 28.1–55.8 (n=17) wide, 35–46 (n=17) in number. Cirrus-sac pyriform, bent posteriorly, 75.8–121.3 (n=8) long by 43.8–112.5 (n=8) wide, containing coiled cirrus (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF90E66A1BEFF8EBFD9AF8FE" box="[494,582,1801,1827]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1880,1904]" captionTargetBox="[170,1402,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[159,1429,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Line drawings of Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (A–C) and Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (D–F). A. Terminal mature proglottid (HWML 217942); B. Scolex (HWML 217942); C. Terminal genitalia (HWML 217942); D. Terminal genitalia (HWML 217950); E. Scolex (HWML 217950); F. Terminal mature proglottid (MIUP H 0086)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830740/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
). Cirrus armed with spinitriches. Genital pores lateral, irregularly alternating, 27.6–35.5% (n=15) of proglottid length from posterior end (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF90E66A1942F8CFFC40F89A" box="[835,924,1837,1863]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[329,1259,193,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-20@9.[317,1271,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Light micrographs of the whole worms of Anthocephalum spp. A. Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (HWML 217938) ex Hypanus gutattus; B. Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (MIUP H 0086) ex Hypanus longus; C. Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (HWML 217953) ex Styracura schmardae; D. Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (HWML 217959) ex S. schmardae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830738/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF90E66A19ABF8CFFC0CF89A" box="[938,976,1837,1863]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1880,1904]" captionTargetBox="[170,1402,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[159,1429,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Line drawings of Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (A–C) and Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (D–F). A. Terminal mature proglottid (HWML 217942); B. Scolex (HWML 217942); C. Terminal genitalia (HWML 217942); D. Terminal genitalia (HWML 217950); E. Scolex (HWML 217950); F. Terminal mature proglottid (MIUP H 0086)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830740/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">4A</figureCitation>
). Ovary near posterior end of proglottid, H-shaped in frontal view (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF90E66A1BBDF8B3FDFDF8B6" box="[444,545,1873,1899]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1880,1904]" captionTargetBox="[170,1402,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[159,1429,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Line drawings of Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (A–C) and Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (D–F). A. Terminal mature proglottid (HWML 217942); B. Scolex (HWML 217942); C. Terminal genitalia (HWML 217942); D. Terminal genitalia (HWML 217950); E. Scolex (HWML 217950); F. Terminal mature proglottid (MIUP H 0086)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830740/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Figs. 4A</figureCitation>
), tetralobed in cross-section (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF90E66A1969F8B3FC63F8B6" box="[872,959,1873,1899]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[216,1371,163,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-20@13.[204,1383,151,1889]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Micrographs of transversal histological sections of Anthocephalum spp. A, C, E and G, sections at level of testes; B, D, F and H, sections at level of ovary. Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (A, B), Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (C, D), Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (E, F) and Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (G, H). Abbreviations: T. Testes, Vit. Vitelline Follicle, U. Uterus, De. Dorsal excretory duct, Ve. Ventral excretory duct, Od. Oviduct, and Oc. Ovicapt." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830744/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
), slightly asymmetrical, 229.6–432 (n=16) long by 68–165.8 (n=16) wide; ovarian bridge near middle of ovary. Mehli’s gland immediately posterior to ovarian bridge. Vagina thick-walled, sinuous, extending medially in proglottid from ootype to anterior margin of cirrus-sac, then laterally to open into genital atrium anterior to cirrus (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF90E66A196EF85FFC16F80A" box="[879,970,1981,2007]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1880,1904]" captionTargetBox="[170,1402,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[159,1429,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Line drawings of Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (A–C) and Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (D–F). A. Terminal mature proglottid (HWML 217942); B. Scolex (HWML 217942); C. Terminal genitalia (HWML 217942); D. Terminal genitalia (HWML 217950); E. Scolex (HWML 217950); F. Terminal mature proglottid (MIUP H 0086)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830740/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
). Vitellarium follicular; vitelline follicles 13.6–33.1 (n=17) long by 6.5–17.3 (n=17) wide, arranged in two lateral bands, each band consisting of one dorsal and one ventral column of vitelline follicles, extending from near anterior margin of the anterior-most row of testes to near posterior margin of proglottid, interrupted by genital pore and ovary both dorsally and ventrally (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF93E6691F0BFF59FA53FF08" box="[1290,1423,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1880,1904]" captionTargetBox="[170,1402,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[159,1429,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Line drawings of Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (A–C) and Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (D–F). A. Terminal mature proglottid (HWML 217942); B. Scolex (HWML 217942); C. Terminal genitalia (HWML 217942); D. Terminal genitalia (HWML 217950); E. Scolex (HWML 217950); F. Terminal mature proglottid (MIUP H 0086)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830740/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Figs. 4A, C</figureCitation>
). Uterus saccate, ventral, extending along median line of proglottid from near the ovarian bridge to posterior margin of first or second anterior-most row of testes (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF93E6691899FEE1FD2FFEC0" box="[664,755,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1880,1904]" captionTargetBox="[170,1402,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[159,1429,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Line drawings of Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (A–C) and Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (D–F). A. Terminal mature proglottid (HWML 217942); B. Scolex (HWML 217942); C. Terminal genitalia (HWML 217942); D. Terminal genitalia (HWML 217950); E. Scolex (HWML 217950); F. Terminal mature proglottid (MIUP H 0086)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830740/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF4F6610FF91E66B1A96F875FAFBF82A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830738" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14830738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830738/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" startId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[329,1259,193,1908]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF91E66B1A96F875FAFBF82A" blockId="9.[151,1437,1943,2039]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF91E66B1A96F875FECDF872" bold="true" box="[151,273,1943,1967]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Light micrographs of the whole worms of
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF91E66B18B6F875FC41F872" box="[695,925,1943,1967]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="undefined-A">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF91E66B18B6F875FC8AF872" box="[695,854,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Anthocephalum</emphasis>
spp.
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF91E66B1988F875FC41F872" bold="true" box="[905,925,1943,1967]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">A</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF91E66B199DF875FC7DF872" bold="true" box="[924,929,1943,1967]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF91E66B19A7F875FB7AF872" box="[934,1190,1943,1967]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="machado">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF91E66B19A7F875FB7AF872" box="[934,1190,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Anthocephalum machado</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
i n. sp. (HWML 217938) ex
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF91E66B1AB4F85EFEBBF80E" baseAuthorityName="Bloch &amp; Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[181,359,1980,2003]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Hypanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutattus">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF91E66B1AB4F85EFEBBF80E" box="[181,359,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Hypanus gutattus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF91E66B1B72F859FE56F80E" bold="true" box="[371,394,1979,2003]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">B.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF91E66B1B91F859FD4AF80E" authorityName="Sakai &amp; Marques &amp; Trevisan" authorityYear="2025" box="[400,662,1979,2003]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="miriamae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF91E66B1B91F859FD4AF80E" box="[400,662,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Anthocephalum miriamae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757F1FF91E66B189AF85EFD0EF80E" box="[667,722,1980,2003]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(MIUP H 0086) ex
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF91E66B199AF85EFBE3F80E" baseAuthorityName="Garman" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[923,1087,1979,2003]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Hypanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longus">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF91E66B199AF85EFBE3F80E" box="[923,1087,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Hypanus longus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF91E66B1E4AF859FBBFF80E" bold="true" box="[1099,1123,1979,2003]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">C.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF91E66B1E68F859FABDF80E" authorityName="Sakai &amp; Marques &amp; Trevisan" authorityYear="2025" box="[1129,1377,1979,2003]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="nataliae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF91E66B1E68F859FABDF80E" box="[1129,1377,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Anthocephalum nataliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757F1FF91E66B1F66F85EFA41F80E" box="[1383,1437,1980,2003]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(HWML 217953) ex
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF91E66B1B6EF802FD94F82A" baseAuthorityName="Werner" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[367,584,2015,2039]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Styracura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schmardae">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF91E66B1B6EF802FD94F82A" box="[367,584,2015,2039]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Styracura schmardae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF91E66B1857F83DFDB3F82A" bold="true" box="[598,623,2015,2039]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">D.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF91E66B1874F83DFCA2F82A" authorityName="Sakai &amp; Marques &amp; Trevisan" authorityYear="2025" box="[629,894,2015,2039]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="veronicae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF91E66B1874F83DFCA2F82A" box="[629,894,2015,2039]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Anthocephalum veronicae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757F1FF91E66B1985F802FC67F82A" box="[900,955,2016,2039]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(HWML 217959) ex
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF91E66B1E98F802FAFDF82A" baseAuthorityName="Werner" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[1177,1313,2015,2039]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Styracura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schmardae">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF91E66B1E98F802FAFDF82A" box="[1177,1313,2015,2039]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">S. schmardae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4F6610FF92E6681A96F8BAFBBDF865" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830740" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14830740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830740/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" startId="10.[151,250,1880,1904]" targetBox="[170,1402,187,1833]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF92E6681A96F8BAFBBDF865" blockId="10.[151,1436,1880,1976]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF92E6681A96F8BAFECFF8AD" bold="true" box="[151,275,1880,1904]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Line drawings of
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF92E6681BCAF8BAFD08F8AD" authorityName="Sakai &amp; Marques &amp; Trevisan" authorityYear="2025" box="[459,724,1880,1904]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="machadoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF92E6681BCAF8BAFD08F8AD" box="[459,724,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Anthocephalum machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF92E66818DBF8BAFC86F8AD" bold="true" box="[730,858,1880,1904]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757F1FF92E66818DBF8BAFCCEF8AD" box="[730,786,1880,1904]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(A–C)
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF92E668198AF8BAFB4DF8AD" authorityName="Sakai &amp; Marques &amp; Trevisan" authorityYear="2025" box="[907,1169,1880,1904]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="miriamae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF92E668198AF8BAFB4DF8AD" box="[907,1169,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Anthocephalum miriamae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF92E6681E96F8BAFAC8F8AD" bold="true" box="[1175,1300,1880,1904]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757F1FF92E6681E96F8BAFB13F8AD" box="[1175,1231,1880,1904]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(D–F)
</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF92E6681F20F8BAFAE6F8AD" bold="true" box="[1313,1338,1880,1904]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">A.</emphasis>
Terminal mature proglottid (HWML 217942);
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF92E6681808F89EFDFCF849" bold="true" box="[521,544,1916,1940]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">B.</emphasis>
Scolex (HWML 217942);
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF92E668192CF89EFC99F849" bold="true" box="[813,837,1916,1940]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">C.</emphasis>
Terminal genitalia (HWML 217942);
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF92E6681EC7F89EFB03F849" bold="true" box="[1222,1247,1916,1940]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">D.</emphasis>
Terminal genitalia (HWML 217950);
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF92E6681B59F842FEB3F865" bold="true" box="[344,367,1952,1976]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">E.</emphasis>
Scolex (HWML 217950);
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF92E6681883F842FD4DF865" bold="true" box="[642,657,1952,1976]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">F</emphasis>
. Terminal mature proglottid (MIUP H 0086).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C32A6513FF93E6691AC6FEC5FAC9FB18" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF93E6691AC6FEC5FD34FD10" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691AC6FEC5FEE8FE9C" bold="true" box="[199,308,295,321]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Remarks</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF93E6691B48FEC5FDA9FE9C" authorityName="Sakai &amp; Marques &amp; Trevisan" authorityYear="2025" box="[329,629,295,321]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="machadoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691B48FEC5FDA9FE9C" box="[329,629,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Anthocephalum machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691882FEC5FD14FE9C" bold="true" box="[643,712,295,321]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757F1FF93E6691882FEC5FD14FE9C" box="[643,712,295,321]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is distinguishable among the 24 other species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF93E6691A96FEA9FE9BFEB8" authorityName="Sakai &amp; Marques &amp; Trevisan" authorityYear="2025" box="[151,327,331,357]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691A96FEA9FE9BFEB8" box="[151,327,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Anthocephalum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its distinct combination of morphological features which include: 35–46 testes, 76–96 loculi, a total length of
<quantity id="4CC89B7DFF93E6691B3AFE8CFE0EFE54" box="[315,466,366,393]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7" metricValueMax="13.6" metricValueMin="5.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="9.7" valueMax="13.6" valueMin="5.8">5.8–13.6 mm</quantity>
, and vitelline follicles organized into two lateral bands with one dorsal and one ventral column each. In comparison with
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF93E6691812FE71FBC4FE70" authority="Herzog &amp; Jensen, 2018" authorityName="Herzog &amp; Jensen" authorityYear="2018" box="[531,1048,403,429]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="blairi">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691812FE71FCDBFE70" box="[531,775,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Anthocephalum blairi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B69FF93E669190FFE71FBC4FE70" author="Herzog, K. S. &amp; Jensen, K." box="[782,1048,403,429]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="505 - 522" refId="ref18125" refString="Herzog, K. S. &amp; Jensen, K. (2018) Five new species of the tapeworm genus Anthocephalum (Rhinebothriidea: Anthocephaliidae) parasitizing a single species of indo-pacific stingray and a revised diagnosis of the genus. Journal of Parasitology, 104 (5), 505-522. https://doi.org/10.1645/18-53" type="journal article" year="2018">Herzog &amp; Jensen, 2018</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF93E6691E23FE71FEF0FE0C" authority="Herzog &amp; Jensen, 2018" authorityName="Herzog &amp; Jensen" authorityYear="2018" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="gravisi">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691E23FE71FAFBFE71" box="[1058,1319,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Anthocephalum gravisi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B69FF93E6691F2CFE71FEF0FE0C" author="Herzog, K. S. &amp; Jensen, K." pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="505 - 522" refId="ref18125" refString="Herzog, K. S. &amp; Jensen, K. (2018) Five new species of the tapeworm genus Anthocephalum (Rhinebothriidea: Anthocephaliidae) parasitizing a single species of indo-pacific stingray and a revised diagnosis of the genus. Journal of Parasitology, 104 (5), 505-522. https://doi.org/10.1645/18-53" type="journal article" year="2018">Herzog &amp; Jensen, 2018</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF93E6691B36FE55FCA0FE0C" authority="Herzog &amp; Jensen, 2018" authorityName="Herzog &amp; Jensen" authorityYear="2018" box="[311,892,439,465]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="haroldsoni">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691B36FE55FDBBFE0C" box="[311,615,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Anthocephalum haroldsoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B69FF93E669186EFE55FCA0FE0C" author="Herzog, K. S. &amp; Jensen, K." box="[623,892,439,465]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="505 - 522" refId="ref18125" refString="Herzog, K. S. &amp; Jensen, K. (2018) Five new species of the tapeworm genus Anthocephalum (Rhinebothriidea: Anthocephaliidae) parasitizing a single species of indo-pacific stingray and a revised diagnosis of the genus. Journal of Parasitology, 104 (5), 505-522. https://doi.org/10.1645/18-53" type="journal article" year="2018">Herzog &amp; Jensen, 2018</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF93E66919B9FE55FB00FE0C" authorityName="Ruhnke, Caira &amp; Cox" authorityYear="2015" box="[952,1244,439,465]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="papefayei">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E66919B9FE55FB00FE0C" box="[952,1244,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Anthocephalum papefayei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the new species possesses more marginal loculi (76–96 vs. 65–73, 43–52, 41–57, and 45–60; respectively). On the other hand,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF93E6691A96FE1DFE62FDC4" authorityName="Sakai &amp; Marques &amp; Trevisan" authorityYear="2025" box="[151,446,511,537]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="machadoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691A96FE1DFE62FDC4" box="[151,446,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Anthocephalum machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691BC6FE1DFDD4FDC4" bold="true" box="[455,520,511,537]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757F1FF93E6691BC6FE1DFDD4FDC4" box="[455,520,511,537]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
posses fewer marginal loculi compared to
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF93E66919F7FE1DFEE5FDE0" authority="(Wedl, 1855) Ruhnke, 1994" authorityName="Ruhnke" authorityYear="1994" baseAuthorityName="Wedl" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="gracile">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E66919F7FE1DFB22FDC4" box="[1014,1278,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Anthocephalum gracile</emphasis>
(Wedl, 1855)
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B69FF93E6691A96FDC1FEE5FDE0" author="Ruhnke, T. R." box="[151,313,547,573]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="159 - 176" refId="ref19622" refString="Ruhnke, T. R. (1994) Resurrection of Anthocephalum linton, 1890 (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) and taxonomic information on five proposed members. Systematic Parasitology, 29 (1), 159-176. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00009673" type="journal article" year="1994">Ruhnke, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF93E6691B46FDC1FC79FDE0" authority="Ruhnke, Caira &amp; Cox, 2015" authorityName="Ruhnke, Caira &amp; Cox" authorityYear="2015" box="[327,933,546,573]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="healyae">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691B46FDC1FD8AFDE0" box="[327,598,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Anthocephalum healyae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B69FF93E6691861FDC1FC79FDE0" author="Ruhnke, T. R. &amp; Caira, J. N. &amp; Cox, A." box="[608,933,546,573]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="51 - 81" refId="ref19737" refString="Ruhnke, T. R., Caira, J. N. &amp; Cox, A. (2015) The Cestode order Rhinebothriidea no longer family-less: a molecular phylogenetic investigation with erection of two new families and description of eight new species of Anthocephalum. Zootaxa, 3904 (1), 51-81. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3904.1.3" type="journal article" year="2015">Ruhnke, Caira &amp; Cox, 2015</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF93E66919B3FDC1FF0EFDBC" authority="Ruhnke and Seaman, 2009" authorityName="Ruhnke and Seaman" authorityYear="2009" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="lukei">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E66919B3FDC1FB7DFDE0" box="[946,1185,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Anthocephalum lukei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B69FF93E6691EAAFDC1FF0EFDBC" author="Ruhnke, T. R. &amp; Seaman, H. B." pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="81 - 95" refId="ref19673" refString="Ruhnke, T. R. &amp; Seaman, H. B. (2009) Three new species of Anthocephalum Linton, 1890 (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) from dasyatid stingrays of the gulf of California. Systematic Parasitology, 72, 81-95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-008-9170-6" type="journal article" year="2009">Ruhnke and Seaman, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF93E6691ADEFDA5FC8FFDBC" authority="Ruhnke, Caira &amp; Cox, 2015" authorityName="Ruhnke, Caira &amp; Cox" authorityYear="2015" box="[223,851,582,609]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="meadowsi">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691ADEFDA5FDDBFDBC" box="[223,519,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Anthocephalum meadowsi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B69FF93E669180EFDA5FC8FFDBC" author="Ruhnke, T. R. &amp; Caira, J. N. &amp; Cox, A." box="[527,851,582,609]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="51 - 81" refId="ref19737" refString="Ruhnke, T. R., Caira, J. N. &amp; Cox, A. (2015) The Cestode order Rhinebothriidea no longer family-less: a molecular phylogenetic investigation with erection of two new families and description of eight new species of Anthocephalum. Zootaxa, 3904 (1), 51-81. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3904.1.3" type="journal article" year="2015">Ruhnke, Caira &amp; Cox, 2015</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF93E669195EFDA5FF0EFD58" authority="Ruhnke, Caira &amp; Cox, 2015" authorityName="Ruhnke, Caira &amp; Cox" authorityYear="2015" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="odonnellae">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E669195EFDA5FB48FDBC" box="[863,1172,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Anthocephalum odonnellae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B69FF93E6691E9DFDA5FF0EFD58" author="Ruhnke, T. R. &amp; Caira, J. N. &amp; Cox, A." pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="51 - 81" refId="ref19737" refString="Ruhnke, T. R., Caira, J. N. &amp; Cox, A. (2015) The Cestode order Rhinebothriidea no longer family-less: a molecular phylogenetic investigation with erection of two new families and description of eight new species of Anthocephalum. Zootaxa, 3904 (1), 51-81. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3904.1.3" type="journal article" year="2015">Ruhnke, Caira &amp; Cox, 2015</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF93E6691ADCFD89FC95FD58" authority="Ruhnke, Caira &amp; Cox, 2015" authorityName="Ruhnke, Caira &amp; Cox" authorityYear="2015" box="[221,841,618,645]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="philruschi">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691ADCFD89FDDAFD58" box="[221,518,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Anthocephalum philruschi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B69FF93E669180DFD89FC95FD58" author="Ruhnke, T. R. &amp; Caira, J. N. &amp; Cox, A." box="[524,841,618,645]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="51 - 81" refId="ref19737" refString="Ruhnke, T. R., Caira, J. N. &amp; Cox, A. (2015) The Cestode order Rhinebothriidea no longer family-less: a molecular phylogenetic investigation with erection of two new families and description of eight new species of Anthocephalum. Zootaxa, 3904 (1), 51-81. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3904.1.3" type="journal article" year="2015">Ruhnke, Caira &amp; Cox, 2015</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF93E6691955FD89FB8FFD59" authorityName="Ruhnke" authorityYear="1994" box="[852,1107,619,645]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cairae">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691955FD89FB8FFD59" box="[852,1107,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Anthocephalum cairae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF93E6691E8EFD89FC84FD74" authority="(Zamparo, Brooks &amp; Barriga, 1999) Marques &amp; Caira, 2016" authorityName="Marques &amp; Caira" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="Zamparo, Brooks &amp; Barriga" baseAuthorityYear="1999" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hobergi">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691E8EFD89FA40FD58" box="[1167,1436,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Anthocephalum hobergi</emphasis>
(Zamparo, Brooks &amp; Barriga, 1999)
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B69FF93E6691844FD6DFC84FD74" author="Marques, F. P. L. &amp; Caira, J. N." box="[581,856,655,681]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="249 - 259" refId="ref18877" refString="Marques, F. P. L. &amp; Caira, J. N. (2016) Pararhinebothroides - neither the sister-taxon of Rhinebothroides nor a valid genus. Journal of Parasitology, 102 (2), 249-259. https://doi.org/10.1645/15-894" type="journal article" year="2016">Marques &amp; Caira, 2016</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(76–96 vs. 116–121, 150–171, 107–138, 98–134, 135–159, 200–219, 197–198, and 100; respectively).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF93E6691AC6FD35FC43FC78" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF93E6691AC6FD35FE33FD2C" authorityName="Sakai &amp; Marques &amp; Trevisan" authorityYear="2025" box="[199,495,727,753]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="machadoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691AC6FD35FE33FD2C" box="[199,495,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Anthocephalum machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691BF8FD35FDE7FD2C" bold="true" box="[505,571,727,753]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757F1FF93E6691BF8FD35FDE7FD2C" box="[505,571,727,753]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF93E66918D8FD35FB6CFD2C" authority="Ruhnke, 1994" authorityName="Ruhnke" authorityYear="1994" box="[729,1200,727,753]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="duszynskii">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E66918D8FD35FBDAFD2C" box="[729,1030,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Anthocephalum duszynskii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B69FF93E6691E11FD35FB6CFD2C" author="Ruhnke, T. R." box="[1040,1200,727,753]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="159 - 176" refId="ref19622" refString="Ruhnke, T. R. (1994) Resurrection of Anthocephalum linton, 1890 (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) and taxonomic information on five proposed members. Systematic Parasitology, 29 (1), 159-176. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00009673" type="journal article" year="1994">Ruhnke, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF93E6691EEDFD35FDCBFCC8" authority="Herzog &amp; Jensen, 2018" authorityName="Herzog &amp; Jensen" authorityYear="2018" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mounseyi">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691EEDFD35FEDDFCC9" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Anthocephalum mounseyi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B69FF93E6691B08FD19FDCBFCC8" author="Herzog, K. S. &amp; Jensen, K." box="[265,535,763,789]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="505 - 522" refId="ref18125" refString="Herzog, K. S. &amp; Jensen, K. (2018) Five new species of the tapeworm genus Anthocephalum (Rhinebothriidea: Anthocephaliidae) parasitizing a single species of indo-pacific stingray and a revised diagnosis of the genus. Journal of Parasitology, 104 (5), 505-522. https://doi.org/10.1645/18-53" type="journal article" year="2018">Herzog &amp; Jensen, 2018</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, in its total length (
<quantity id="4CC89B7DFF93E66918F4FD18FC51FCC8" box="[757,909,762,789]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7" metricValueMax="13.6" metricValueMin="5.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="9.7" valueMax="13.6" valueMin="5.8">5.8–13.6 mm</quantity>
vs. 18–31 and
<quantity id="4CC89B7DFF93E6691E3CFD19FB1BFCC8" box="[1085,1223,763,789]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="3.4" valueMin="2.6">2.6–3.4 mm</quantity>
, respectively), and from
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF93E6691AD2FCFDFCA1FCE4" authority="Ruhnke, Caira &amp; Cox, 2015" authorityName="Ruhnke, Caira &amp; Cox" authorityYear="2015" box="[211,893,798,825]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="decrisantisorum">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691AD2FCFDFDE3FCE4" box="[211,575,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Anthocephalum decrisantisorum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B69FF93E6691844FCFDFCA1FCE4" author="Ruhnke, T. R. &amp; Caira, J. N. &amp; Cox, A." box="[581,893,798,825]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="51 - 81" refId="ref19737" refString="Ruhnke, T. R., Caira, J. N. &amp; Cox, A. (2015) The Cestode order Rhinebothriidea no longer family-less: a molecular phylogenetic investigation with erection of two new families and description of eight new species of Anthocephalum. Zootaxa, 3904 (1), 51-81. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3904.1.3" type="journal article" year="2015">Ruhnke, Caira &amp; Cox, 2015</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF93E6691986FCFDFF0EFC80" authority="Ruhnke, Caira &amp; Cox, 2015" authorityName="Ruhnke, Caira &amp; Cox" authorityYear="2015" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="jensenae">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691986FCFDFB43FCE5" box="[903,1183,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Anthocephalum jensenae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B69FF93E6691EA4FCFDFF0EFC80" author="Ruhnke, T. R. &amp; Caira, J. N. &amp; Cox, A." pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="51 - 81" refId="ref19737" refString="Ruhnke, T. R., Caira, J. N. &amp; Cox, A. (2015) The Cestode order Rhinebothriidea no longer family-less: a molecular phylogenetic investigation with erection of two new families and description of eight new species of Anthocephalum. Zootaxa, 3904 (1), 51-81. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3904.1.3" type="journal article" year="2015">Ruhnke, Caira &amp; Cox, 2015</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF93E6691ADCFCA1FD27FC80" authority="Herzog &amp; Jensen, 2018" authorityName="Herzog &amp; Jensen" authorityYear="2018" box="[221,763,835,861]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ruhnkei">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691ADCFCA1FE36FC80" box="[221,490,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Anthocephalum ruhnkei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B69FF93E6691BF0FCA1FD27FC80" author="Herzog, K. S. &amp; Jensen, K." box="[497,763,835,861]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="505 - 522" refId="ref18125" refString="Herzog, K. S. &amp; Jensen, K. (2018) Five new species of the tapeworm genus Anthocephalum (Rhinebothriidea: Anthocephaliidae) parasitizing a single species of indo-pacific stingray and a revised diagnosis of the genus. Journal of Parasitology, 104 (5), 505-522. https://doi.org/10.1645/18-53" type="journal article" year="2018">Herzog &amp; Jensen, 2018</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF93E6691937FCA1FBBEFC81" authorityName="Ruhnke" authorityYear="1994" baseAuthorityName="Southwell" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[822,1122,835,861]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="centrurum">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691937FCA1FBBEFC81" box="[822,1122,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Anthocephalum centrurum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in number of testes (35–46 vs. 17–24, 14–20, 22–34, and 48–78, respectively). In comparison with
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF93E66919BBFC85FB69FC5C" authorityName="Ruhnke" authorityYear="1994" box="[954,1205,871,897]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="alicae">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E66919BBFC85FB69FC5C" box="[954,1205,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Anthocephalum alicae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF93E6691EC8FC85FA8AFC5C" authorityName="Sakai &amp; Marques &amp; Trevisan" authorityYear="2025" box="[1225,1366,871,897]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="machadoi" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691EC8FC85FA8AFC5C" box="[1225,1366,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">A. machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691F5CFC85FA40FC5C" bold="true" box="[1373,1436,871,897]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757F1FF93E6691F5CFC85FA40FC5C" box="[1373,1436,871,897]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
possesses more proglottids in number (20–45 vs. 9–15, respectively).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF93E6691AC6FC4DFAC9FB18" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
There are only five species—
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF93E6691807FC4DFBF9FC14" authority="Ruhnke &amp; Seaman, 2009" authorityName="Ruhnke &amp; Seaman" authorityYear="2009" box="[518,1061,943,969]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="currani">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691807FC4DFCD0FC15" box="[518,780,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Anthocephalum currani</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B69FF93E6691910FC4DFBF9FC14" author="Ruhnke, T. R. &amp; Seaman, H. B." box="[785,1061,943,969]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="81 - 95" refId="ref19673" refString="Ruhnke, T. R. &amp; Seaman, H. B. (2009) Three new species of Anthocephalum Linton, 1890 (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) from dasyatid stingrays of the gulf of California. Systematic Parasitology, 72, 81-95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-008-9170-6" type="journal article" year="2009">Ruhnke &amp; Seaman, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF93E6691E2FFC4DFE8BFC30" authority="Ruhnke &amp; Seaman, 2009" authorityName="Ruhnke &amp; Seaman" authorityYear="2009" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="michaeli">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691E2FFC4DFA9CFC14" box="[1070,1344,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Anthocephalum michaeli</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B69FF93E6691F47FC4DFE8BFC30" author="Ruhnke, T. R. &amp; Seaman, H. B." pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="81 - 95" refId="ref19673" refString="Ruhnke, T. R. &amp; Seaman, H. B. (2009) Three new species of Anthocephalum Linton, 1890 (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) from dasyatid stingrays of the gulf of California. Systematic Parasitology, 72, 81-95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-008-9170-6" type="journal article" year="2009">Ruhnke &amp; Seaman, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF93E6691B62FC31FBC6FC30" authority="Boudaya, Neifar &amp; Euzet, 2018" authorityName="Boudaya, Neifar &amp; Euzet" authorityYear="2018" box="[355,1050,979,1005]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="jeancadenati">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691B62FC31FD75FC30" box="[355,681,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Anthocephalum jeancadenati</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B69FF93E66918B3FC31FBC6FC30" author="Boudaya, L. &amp; Neifar, L. &amp; Euzet, L." box="[690,1050,979,1005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref16918" refString="Boudaya, L., Neifar, L. &amp; Euzet, L. (2018) A new genus and three new species of Anthocephaliidae (Cestoda, Rhinebothriidea) from the round fantail stingray, Taeniurops grabata (Chondrychthyes, Dasyatidae) from the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Helminthology, 94 (e 11), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X18001025" type="journal article" year="2018">Boudaya, Neifar &amp; Euzet, 2018</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF93E6691E26FC31FE24FBCC" authority="(Schmidt, 1978) Ruhnke &amp; Seaman, 2009" authorityName="Ruhnke &amp; Seaman" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1978" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="kingae">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691E26FC31FAFBFC30" box="[1063,1319,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Anthocephalum kingae</emphasis>
(Schmidt, 1978)
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B69FF93E6691ADEFC15FE24FBCC" author="Ruhnke, T. R. &amp; Seaman, H. B." box="[223,504,1015,1041]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="81 - 95" refId="ref19673" refString="Ruhnke, T. R. &amp; Seaman, H. B. (2009) Three new species of Anthocephalum Linton, 1890 (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) from dasyatid stingrays of the gulf of California. Systematic Parasitology, 72, 81-95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-008-9170-6" type="journal article" year="2009">Ruhnke &amp; Seaman, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF93E6691832FC15FCEFFBCD" authorityName="Ruhnke, Caira &amp; Cox" authorityYear="2015" box="[563,819,1015,1041]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mattisi">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691832FC15FCEFFBCD" box="[563,819,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Anthocephalum mattisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
— that closely resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF93E6691E53FC15FB02FBCC" authorityName="Sakai &amp; Marques &amp; Trevisan" authorityYear="2025" box="[1106,1246,1015,1041]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="machadoi" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691E53FC15FB02FBCC" box="[1106,1246,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">A. machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691EE4FC15FAF8FBCC" bold="true" box="[1253,1316,1015,1041]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757F1FF93E6691EE4FC15FAF8FBCC" box="[1253,1316,1015,1041]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
in number of marginal loculi, number of testes, total length, and proglottid number. However, they can be distinguished based on the position and number of the vitelline follicles.
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF93E66918F2FBDDFBCBFB84" authorityName="Sakai &amp; Marques &amp; Trevisan" authorityYear="2025" box="[755,1047,1087,1113]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="machadoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E66918F2FBDDFBCBFB84" box="[755,1047,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Anthocephalum machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691E20FBDDFBBDFB84" bold="true" box="[1057,1121,1087,1113]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757F1FF93E6691E20FBDDFBBDFB84" box="[1057,1121,1087,1113]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
possesses vitelline follicles organized into two lateral bands with single dorsal and ventral column. In contrast,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF93E6691E3AFB81FB65FBA0" authorityName="Ruhnke &amp; Seaman" authorityYear="2009" box="[1083,1209,1123,1149]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="michaeli">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691E3AFB81FB65FBA0" box="[1083,1209,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">A. michaeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF93E6691EC9FB81FAAAFBA0" authorityName="Boudaya, Neifar &amp; Euzet" authorityYear="2018" box="[1224,1398,1123,1149]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="jeancadenati">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691EC9FB81FAAAFBA0" box="[1224,1398,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">A. jeancadenati</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF93E6691F85FB81FF3DFB7C" authorityName="Ruhnke &amp; Seaman" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1978" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="kingae">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691F85FB81FF3DFB7C" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">A. kingae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF93E6691B21FB65FE50FB7D" authorityName="Ruhnke, Caira &amp; Cox" authorityYear="2015" box="[288,396,1159,1185]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mattisi">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691B21FB65FE50FB7D" box="[288,396,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">A. mattisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also possess vitelline follicles in two lateral bands but with 2–3 dorsal and ventral columns. Finally
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF93E6691AECFB49FE82FB19" authorityName="Ruhnke &amp; Seaman" authorityYear="2009" box="[237,350,1195,1221]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="currani">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691AECFB49FE82FB19" box="[237,350,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">A. currani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses vitelline follicles in two lateral bands with 3–5 dorsal and ventral columns.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document id="9F5797FB287A574179E1160D22106058" ID-CLB-Dataset="308128" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ed346961-1748-4193-9ef0-618d1b4ef142" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14830734" ID-ZooBank="90106349-9755-4A8E-BFA6-DC33140EC733" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="jonas" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="jonas" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="jonas" checkinTime="1738915951395" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sakai, Lilian F., Marques, Fernando P. L. &amp; Trevisan, Bruna" docDate="2025" docId="0399878EFF93E66C1A96FAF4FA9BFE0C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5584.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5584 (2)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Anthocephalum miriamae Sakai, Marques &amp; Trevisan, 2025, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="163" masterDocId="FFA0FFF6FF98E6621A01FFE2FFDCFFDD" masterDocTitle="Diversity and phylogenetic position of the amphi-American lineages of the tapeworms of the genus Anthocephalum Linton, 1890 (Rhinebothriidea: Anthocephaliidae)" masterLastPageNumber="178" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="162" updateTime="1739471104223" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="EED325A8847E701D1640B8E0CAC4A721">Diversity and phylogenetic position of the amphi-American lineages of the tapeworms of the genus Anthocephalum Linton, 1890 (Rhinebothriidea: Anthocephaliidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C925393DAE7976931F25F6760F75CD75">Sakai, Lilian F.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="75253532B5D757AEC4C3E5A629786C84">Departamento de Zoologia - Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 101, travessa 14, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508 - 090.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A24AB7385DB040B1A76BA79DB1F229E5">Marques, Fernando P. L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A664E7597E63D0218CAE682E67AC4498">Departamento de Zoologia - Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 101, travessa 14, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508 - 090.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="83B7CD0ABF0B3C0FFF062E2EA7878565">Trevisan, Bruna</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3E9B51227A4DE6DA7048CC5472370896">Departamento de Zoologia - Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 101, travessa 14, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508 - 090.</mods:affiliation>
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<heading id="D0C781F4FF93E6691A96FAF4FB52FAED" bold="true" box="[151,1166,1302,1329]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691A96FAF4FB52FAED" bold="true" box="[151,1166,1302,1329]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<subSubSection id="C32A6513FF93E6691A96FAF4FDF9FAEC" box="[151,549,1302,1329]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF93E6691A96FAF4FDF9FAEC" blockId="11.[151,1166,1302,1365]" box="[151,549,1302,1329]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF93E6691A96FAF4FE08FAEC" authorityName="Sakai &amp; Marques &amp; Trevisan" authorityYear="2025" box="[151,468,1302,1329]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="miriamae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691A96FAF4FE08FAEC" bold="true" box="[151,468,1302,1329]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Anthocephalum miriamae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757F1FF93E6691BDDFAF5FDC3FAEC" box="[476,543,1303,1329]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32A6513FF93E669182DFAF4FB52FAED" box="[556,1166,1302,1329]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF93E669182DFAF4FB52FAED" blockId="11.[151,1166,1302,1365]" box="[556,1166,1302,1329]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
Family
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF93E669188BFAF4FCB4FAED" authorityName="Ruhnke, Caira &amp; Cox" authorityYear="2015" box="[650,872,1302,1328]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Anthocephaliidae</taxonomicName>
, order
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF93E66919C0FAF4FB52FAED" authorityName="Healy, Caira, Jensen, Webster &amp; Littlewood" authorityYear="2009" box="[961,1166,1302,1328]" class="Cestoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="order">Rhinebothriidea</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="C32A6513FF93E6691A96FAD9FE36FA88" box="[151,490,1338,1365]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF93E6691A96FAD9FE36FA88" blockId="11.[151,1166,1302,1365]" box="[151,490,1338,1365]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
(
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF93E6691A9EFAD9FEDEFA88" box="[159,258,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[329,1259,193,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-20@9.[317,1271,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Light micrographs of the whole worms of Anthocephalum spp. A. Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (HWML 217938) ex Hypanus gutattus; B. Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (MIUP H 0086) ex Hypanus longus; C. Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (HWML 217953) ex Styracura schmardae; D. Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (HWML 217959) ex S. schmardae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830738/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Figs. 3B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF93E6691B0CFAD9FE92FA88" box="[269,334,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1880,1904]" captionTargetBox="[170,1402,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[159,1429,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Line drawings of Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (A–C) and Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (D–F). A. Terminal mature proglottid (HWML 217942); B. Scolex (HWML 217942); C. Terminal genitalia (HWML 217942); D. Terminal genitalia (HWML 217950); E. Scolex (HWML 217950); F. Terminal mature proglottid (MIUP H 0086)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830740/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">4D–F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF93E6691B58FAD8FE4EFA88" box="[345,402,1338,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1144,1168]" captionTargetBox="[162,1426,181,1120]" captionTargetId="figure-24@12.[162,1426,181,1120]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (A–E) and Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (F–J). A, F. Scolex, Letters in scolexes indicate locations of B–E and G–J, respectively. B, G. Marginal loculi, C, H. Proximal surface of marginal loculus, D, I. Proximal surface of bothridial rim, E, J. Distal surface of bothridium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830742" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830742/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">5F–J</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF93E6691B9CFAD9FE3EFA88" box="[413,482,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[216,1371,163,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-20@13.[204,1383,151,1889]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Micrographs of transversal histological sections of Anthocephalum spp. A, C, E and G, sections at level of testes; B, D, F and H, sections at level of ovary. Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (A, B), Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (C, D), Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (E, F) and Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (G, H). Abbreviations: T. Testes, Vit. Vitelline Follicle, U. Uterus, De. Dorsal excretory duct, Ve. Ventral excretory duct, Od. Oviduct, and Oc. Ovicapt." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830744/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">6C–D</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32A6513FF93E6691A96FA61FCFAFA40" box="[151,806,1411,1437]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF93E6691A96FA61FCFAFA40" blockId="11.[151,1437,1411,2013]" box="[151,806,1411,1437]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691A96FA61FEC8FA40" bold="true" box="[151,276,1411,1437]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<typeStatus id="548B883AFF93E6691A96FA61FF0EFA40" box="[151,210,1411,1437]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Type</typeStatus>
host:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF93E6691B1AFA61FD9EFA40" authority="(Garman)" baseAuthorityName="Garman" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[283,578,1411,1437]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Hypanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longus">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691B1AFA61FE0CFA40" box="[283,464,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Hypanus longus</emphasis>
(Garman)
</taxonomicName>
—Longtail stingray.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32A6513FF93E6691AC6FA45FB7AFA38" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF93E6691AC6FA45FB74FA1C" blockId="11.[151,1437,1411,2013]" box="[199,1192,1446,1473]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<materialsCitation id="3B583CC5FF93E6691AC6FA45FB78FA1C" box="[199,1188,1446,1473]" country="Panama" latitude="7.4938607" location="Coast of Cebaco Island" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-81.22275" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Veraguas" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691AC6FA45FEB5FA1D" bold="true" box="[199,361,1446,1473]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<typeStatus id="548B883AFF93E6691AC6FA45FEDEFA1C" box="[199,258,1447,1473]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
<location id="8EEF6043FF93E6691B71FA45FDABFA1C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0399878EFF93E66C1A96FAF4FA9BFE0C:8EEF6043FF93E6691B71FA45FDABFA1C" box="[368,631,1447,1473]" country="Panama" latitude="7.4938607" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-81.22275" name="Coast of Cebaco Island" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" stateProvince="Veraguas">Coast of Cebaco Island</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49F4F87AFF93E6691883FA45FD30FA1C" box="[642,748,1447,1473]" country="Panama" name="Veraguas" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Veraguas</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3277608FF93E66918F6FA45FC8CFA1C" box="[759,848,1447,1473]" name="Panama" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Panama</collectingCountry>
(
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7
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29’37.9”N
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,
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81
<superScript id="7C459BD0FF93E6691E14FA44FBC7FA68" attach="none" box="[1045,1051,1446,1461]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">◦</superScript>
13’21.9”W
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)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF93E6691AC6FA28FB7AFA38" blockId="11.[151,1437,1411,2013]" box="[199,1190,1482,1509]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691AC6FA28FE72FA39" bold="true" box="[199,430,1482,1508]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Additional locality:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B583CC5FF93E6691BB4FA29FB7EFA38" box="[437,1186,1482,1509]" country="Panama" latitude="7.60175" location="Coast of Mariato" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-80.99269" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Veraguas">
<location id="8EEF6043FF93E6691BB4FA29FDAAFA38" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0399878EFF93E66C1A96FAF4FA9BFE0C:8EEF6043FF93E6691BB4FA29FDAAFA38" box="[437,630,1483,1509]" country="Panama" latitude="7.60175" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-80.99269" name="Coast of Mariato" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" stateProvince="Veraguas">Coast of Mariato</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49F4F87AFF93E6691881FA29FD36FA38" box="[640,746,1483,1509]" country="Panama" name="Veraguas" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Veraguas</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3277608FF93E66918F4FA29FC92FA38" box="[757,846,1483,1509]" name="Panama" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Panama</collectingCountry>
(
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7
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36’06.3”N
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE04505FFF93E66919F6FA29FB46FA38" box="[1015,1178,1482,1509]" degrees="80" direction="west" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" precision="1" seconds="33.7" value="-80.99269">
80
<superScript id="7C459BD0FF93E6691E12FA28FBC5FA04" attach="none" box="[1043,1049,1482,1497]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">◦</superScript>
59’33.7”W
</geoCoordinate>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A6513FF93E6691AC6FA0CFCCAF9F0" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF93E6691AC6FA0CFD9FF9D4" blockId="11.[151,1437,1411,2013]" box="[199,579,1518,1545]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691AC6FA0CFE57F9D5" bold="true" box="[199,395,1518,1544]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Site of infection:</emphasis>
Spiral intestine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF93E6691AC6F9F1FCCAF9F0" blockId="11.[151,1437,1411,2013]" box="[199,790,1554,1581]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691AC6F9F1FE3CF9F1" bold="true" box="[199,480,1554,1581]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Prevalence of infection:</emphasis>
50% (four of eight valves).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A6513FF93E6691AC6F9D4FC2FF9A8" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF93E6691AC6F9D4FC2FF9A8" blockId="11.[151,1437,1411,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691AC6F9D4FE1BF98D" bold="true" box="[199,455,1590,1616]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Specimens deposited:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B583CC5FF93E6691BCFF9D5FC2FF9A8" collectionCode="MIUP" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" specimenCode="H0086, HWML 217950-217952, LRP 11282-11284, MZUSP 8060" specimenCount="9" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="548B883AFF93E6691BCFF9D5FDEAF98C" box="[462,566,1591,1617]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
and
<specimenCount id="9D36FD11FF93E669186DF9D5FD20F98C" box="[620,764,1591,1617]" count="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">one paratype</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED21AE5DFF93E669190BF9D5FC8DF98C" box="[778,849,1591,1617]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">MIUP</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DB969EE3FF93E6691959F9D5FC75F98C" box="[856,937,1591,1617]" collectionCode="MIUP" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">H0086</specimenCode>
);
<specimenCount id="9D36FD11FF93E66919BDF9D5FBBAF98C" box="[956,1126,1591,1617]" count="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">three paratypes</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="DB969EE3FF93E6691E74F9D5FA4CF98C" box="[1141,1424,1590,1617]" collectionCode="HWML" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jbwg-23em" name="Howard W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">HWML 217950–217952</specimenCode>
);
<specimenCount id="9D36FD11FF93E6691A96F9B9FE9DF9A8" box="[151,321,1627,1653]" count="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">three paratypes</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="DB969EE3FF93E6691B51F9B9FDF4F9A8" box="[336,552,1627,1653]" collectionCode="LRP" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">LRP 11282–11284</specimenCode>
); and,
<specimenCount id="9D36FD11FF93E6691873F9B9FCD2F9A8" box="[626,782,1627,1653]" count="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">two paratypes</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="DB969EE3FF93E669191DF9B9FC60F9A8" box="[796,956,1627,1653]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">MZUSP 8060</specimenCode>
a–b).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A6513FF93E6691AC6F99DFD68F960" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF93E6691AC6F99DFD68F960" blockId="11.[151,1437,1411,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691AC6F99DFE8EF944" bold="true" box="[199,338,1663,1689]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Etymology:</emphasis>
This species honors Miriam Fukumitsu Sakai, mother of Lilian Sakai (first author), for her support and encouragement during graduation activities.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A6513FF93E66E1AC6F924FA40F8E1" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="163" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF93E6691AC6F924FEB3F800" blockId="11.[151,1437,1411,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF93E6691AC6F924FE85F93D" bold="true" box="[199,345,1734,1760]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Description.</emphasis>
[Based on
<specimenCount id="9D36FD11FF93E6691BD7F925FDAEF93C" box="[470,626,1735,1761]" count="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" type="generic">13 specimens</specimenCount>
: 9 whole mounts of mature worms, 1 scolex prepared for SEM and cross sections of 3 mature proglottids]: Worms euapolityc,
<quantity id="4CC89B7DFF93E66918FFF908FC7FF8D8" box="[766,931,1770,1797]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9649999999999999" metricValueMax="2.68" metricValueMin="1.25" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="19.65" valueMax="26.8" valueMin="12.5">12.5–26.8 mm</quantity>
(n=9) long with 40–67 proglottids (n=9) in number, maximum width 721.5-1985 (n=4) at level of scolex (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF93E6691968F8EDFC1FF8F4" box="[873,963,1807,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[329,1259,193,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-20@9.[317,1271,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Light micrographs of the whole worms of Anthocephalum spp. A. Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (HWML 217938) ex Hypanus gutattus; B. Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (MIUP H 0086) ex Hypanus longus; C. Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (HWML 217953) ex Styracura schmardae; D. Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (HWML 217959) ex S. schmardae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830738/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). Scolex (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF93E6691E39F8EDFB40F8F4" box="[1080,1180,1807,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1880,1904]" captionTargetBox="[170,1402,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[159,1429,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Line drawings of Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (A–C) and Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (D–F). A. Terminal mature proglottid (HWML 217942); B. Scolex (HWML 217942); C. Terminal genitalia (HWML 217942); D. Terminal genitalia (HWML 217950); E. Scolex (HWML 217950); F. Terminal mature proglottid (MIUP H 0086)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830740/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Figs. 4E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF93E6691EA8F8ECFB14F8F4" box="[1193,1224,1806,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1144,1168]" captionTargetBox="[162,1426,181,1120]" captionTargetId="figure-24@12.[162,1426,181,1120]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (A–E) and Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (F–J). A, F. Scolex, Letters in scolexes indicate locations of B–E and G–J, respectively. B, G. Marginal loculi, C, H. Proximal surface of marginal loculus, D, I. Proximal surface of bothridial rim, E, J. Distal surface of bothridium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830742" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830742/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">5F</figureCitation>
) with four stalked bothridia, each one with 90–95 (n=2) marginal loculi and one oval apical sucker; apical sucker 57–66.5 (n=2) long by 48.5–76.5 (n=2) wide. Short cephalic peduncle present. Proximal surfaces of marginal loculi next to the bothridial rims covered with acicular filitriches and scolopate spinithriches (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF93E6691974F899FC2DF848" box="[885,1009,1914,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1144,1168]" captionTargetBox="[162,1426,181,1120]" captionTargetId="figure-24@12.[162,1426,181,1120]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (A–E) and Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (F–J). A, F. Scolex, Letters in scolexes indicate locations of B–E and G–J, respectively. B, G. Marginal loculi, C, H. Proximal surface of marginal loculus, D, I. Proximal surface of bothridial rim, E, J. Distal surface of bothridium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830742" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830742/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Fig. 5G, H</figureCitation>
); bothridial rims and proximal surface of marginal loculi covered with acicular filitriches (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF93E66918E2F87DFCEFF864" box="[739,819,1950,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1144,1168]" captionTargetBox="[162,1426,181,1120]" captionTargetId="figure-24@12.[162,1426,181,1120]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (A–E) and Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (F–J). A, F. Scolex, Letters in scolexes indicate locations of B–E and G–J, respectively. B, G. Marginal loculi, C, H. Proximal surface of marginal loculus, D, I. Proximal surface of bothridial rim, E, J. Distal surface of bothridium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830742" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830742/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Fig. 5I</figureCitation>
); distal surface of bothridium covered with capiliform filitriches (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF93E6691B13F821FEBEF800" box="[274,354,1986,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1144,1168]" captionTargetBox="[162,1426,181,1120]" captionTargetId="figure-24@12.[162,1426,181,1120]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (A–E) and Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (F–J). A, F. Scolex, Letters in scolexes indicate locations of B–E and G–J, respectively. B, G. Marginal loculi, C, H. Proximal surface of marginal loculus, D, I. Proximal surface of bothridial rim, E, J. Distal surface of bothridium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830742" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830742/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Fig. 5J</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4F6610FF94E66E1A96FB9AFB6DFB05" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830742" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14830742" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830742/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" startId="12.[151,250,1144,1168]" targetBox="[162,1426,181,1120]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF94E66E1A96FB9AFB6DFB05" blockId="12.[151,1436,1144,1240]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF94E66E1A96FB9AFEC9FB4D" bold="true" box="[151,277,1144,1168]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Scanning electron micrographs of
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF94E66E1882FB9AFC52FB4D" authorityName="Sakai &amp; Marques &amp; Trevisan" authorityYear="2025" box="[643,910,1144,1168]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="machadoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF94E66E1882FB9AFC52FB4D" box="[643,910,1144,1168]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Anthocephalum machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF94E66E1996FB9AFBC7FB4D" bold="true" box="[919,1051,1144,1168]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757F1FF94E66E1996FB9AFC0EFB4D" box="[919,978,1144,1168]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(A–E)
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF94E66E1E51FB9AFA85FB4D" authorityName="Sakai &amp; Marques &amp; Trevisan" authorityYear="2025" box="[1104,1369,1144,1168]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="miriamae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF94E66E1E51FB9AFA85FB4D" box="[1104,1369,1144,1168]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Anthocephalum miriamae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF94E66E1F60FB9AFF0DFB69" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757F1FF94E66E1F60FB9AFA40FB4D" box="[1377,1436,1144,1168]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(F–J)
</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF94E66E1ADCFB7EFED3FB69" bold="true" box="[221,271,1180,1204]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">A, F.</emphasis>
Scolex, Letters in scolexes indicate locations of
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF94E66E18FDFB7EFCF7FB69" bold="true" box="[764,811,1180,1204]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">B–E</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF94E66E195DFB7EFC55FB69" bold="true" box="[860,905,1180,1204]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">G–J</emphasis>
, respectively.
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF94E66E1E1BFB7EFB8EFB69" bold="true" box="[1050,1106,1180,1204]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">B, G.</emphasis>
Marginal loculi,
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF94E66E1F01FB7EFAE5FB69" bold="true" box="[1280,1337,1180,1204]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">C, H.</emphasis>
Proximal surface of marginal loculus,
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF94E66E1BB9FB22FE3BFB05" bold="true" box="[440,487,1216,1240]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">D, I.</emphasis>
Proximal surface of bothridial rim,
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF94E66E1955FB22FC59FB05" bold="true" box="[852,901,1216,1240]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">E, J.</emphasis>
Distal surface of bothridium.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF94E66E1AC6FAE4FA40F8E1" blockId="12.[151,1437,1286,2033]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
Proglottids slightly craspedote. Immature proglottids wider than long, becoming longer than wide with maturity,
<quantity id="4CC89B7DFF94E66E1B05FAC8FEB4FA99" box="[260,360,1322,1348]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2953999999999999" metricValueMax="1.6256" metricValueMin="0.9652" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" unit="in" value="51.0" valueMax="64.0" valueMin="38.0">38–64 in</quantity>
number (n = 9) (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF94E66E182FFAC8FD5BFA99" box="[558,647,1322,1348]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[329,1259,193,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-20@9.[317,1271,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Light micrographs of the whole worms of Anthocephalum spp. A. Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (HWML 217938) ex Hypanus gutattus; B. Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (MIUP H 0086) ex Hypanus longus; C. Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (HWML 217953) ex Styracura schmardae; D. Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (HWML 217959) ex S. schmardae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830738/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). Mature proglottids (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF94E66E1981FAC8FC09FA99" box="[896,981,1322,1348]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1880,1904]" captionTargetBox="[170,1402,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[159,1429,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Line drawings of Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (A–C) and Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (D–F). A. Terminal mature proglottid (HWML 217942); B. Scolex (HWML 217942); C. Terminal genitalia (HWML 217942); D. Terminal genitalia (HWML 217950); E. Scolex (HWML 217950); F. Terminal mature proglottid (MIUP H 0086)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830740/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
) 1402.5–2043.5 (n=6) long by 172–448 (n=6) wide,
<quantity id="4CC89B7DFF94E66E1B26FAACFEADFAB5" box="[295,369,1358,1384]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" metricValueMax="10.16" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" unit="in" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1–4 in</quantity>
number (n = 9). Testes arranged in two columns from near anterior margin of proglottid to anterior margin of genital pore, and 1 row-deep in cross section (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF94E66E1999FA90FC25FA51" box="[920,1017,1394,1420]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1880,1904]" captionTargetBox="[170,1402,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[159,1429,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Line drawings of Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (A–C) and Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (D–F). A. Terminal mature proglottid (HWML 217942); B. Scolex (HWML 217942); C. Terminal genitalia (HWML 217942); D. Terminal genitalia (HWML 217950); E. Scolex (HWML 217950); F. Terminal mature proglottid (MIUP H 0086)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830740/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Figs. 4F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF94E66E1E08FA90FBF1FA51" box="[1033,1069,1394,1420]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[216,1371,163,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-20@13.[204,1383,151,1889]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Micrographs of transversal histological sections of Anthocephalum spp. A, C, E and G, sections at level of testes; B, D, F and H, sections at level of ovary. Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (A, B), Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (C, D), Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (E, F) and Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (G, H). Abbreviations: T. Testes, Vit. Vitelline Follicle, U. Uterus, De. Dorsal excretory duct, Ve. Ventral excretory duct, Od. Oviduct, and Oc. Ovicapt." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830744/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">6C</figureCitation>
). Testes 45.5–72 (n=4) long by 35.5–58.5 (n=4) wide, 28–38 (n=4) in number. Cirrus-sac pyriform bent posteriorly, 114–161 (n=4) long by 60–89 (n=4) wide, containing coiled cirrus (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF94E66E1848FA58FD7BFA09" box="[585,679,1466,1492]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1880,1904]" captionTargetBox="[170,1402,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[159,1429,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Line drawings of Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (A–C) and Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (D–F). A. Terminal mature proglottid (HWML 217942); B. Scolex (HWML 217942); C. Terminal genitalia (HWML 217942); D. Terminal genitalia (HWML 217950); E. Scolex (HWML 217950); F. Terminal mature proglottid (MIUP H 0086)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830740/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
). Cirrus armed with spinitriches. Genital pores lateral, irregularly alternating, 32.1–45.4% (n=6) of proglottid length from posterior end (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF94E66E19C8FA3CFB9AFA25" box="[969,1094,1502,1528]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1880,1904]" captionTargetBox="[170,1402,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[159,1429,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Line drawings of Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (A–C) and Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (D–F). A. Terminal mature proglottid (HWML 217942); B. Scolex (HWML 217942); C. Terminal genitalia (HWML 217942); D. Terminal genitalia (HWML 217950); E. Scolex (HWML 217950); F. Terminal mature proglottid (MIUP H 0086)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830740/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Fig. 4D, F</figureCitation>
). Ovary near posterior end of proglottid, H-shaped in frontal view (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF94E66E1846F9E0FD77F9C1" box="[583,683,1538,1564]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[329,1259,193,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-20@9.[317,1271,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Light micrographs of the whole worms of Anthocephalum spp. A. Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (HWML 217938) ex Hypanus gutattus; B. Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (MIUP H 0086) ex Hypanus longus; C. Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (HWML 217953) ex Styracura schmardae; D. Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (HWML 217959) ex S. schmardae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830738/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Figs. 3B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF94E66E18BBF9E0FD07F9C1" box="[698,731,1538,1564]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1880,1904]" captionTargetBox="[170,1402,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[159,1429,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Line drawings of Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (A–C) and Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (D–F). A. Terminal mature proglottid (HWML 217942); B. Scolex (HWML 217942); C. Terminal genitalia (HWML 217942); D. Terminal genitalia (HWML 217950); E. Scolex (HWML 217950); F. Terminal mature proglottid (MIUP H 0086)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830740/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">4F</figureCitation>
), tetralobed in cross-section (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF94E66E1E2FF9E0FB56F9C1" box="[1070,1162,1538,1564]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[216,1371,163,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-20@13.[204,1383,151,1889]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Micrographs of transversal histological sections of Anthocephalum spp. A, C, E and G, sections at level of testes; B, D, F and H, sections at level of ovary. Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (A, B), Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (C, D), Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (E, F) and Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (G, H). Abbreviations: T. Testes, Vit. Vitelline Follicle, U. Uterus, De. Dorsal excretory duct, Ve. Ventral excretory duct, Od. Oviduct, and Oc. Ovicapt." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830744/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
), slightly asymmetrical, 388–620.5 (n=6) long by 111.5–270.5 (n=6) wide; ovarian bridge near middle of ovary. Mehli’s gland immediately posterior to ovarian bridge. Vagina thick-walled, sinuous, extending medially in proglottid from ootype to anterior margin of cirrus-sac, then laterally to open into genital atrium anterior to cirrus (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF94E66E1EA9F98CFADBF955" box="[1192,1287,1646,1672]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1880,1904]" captionTargetBox="[170,1402,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[159,1429,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Line drawings of Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (A–C) and Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (D–F). A. Terminal mature proglottid (HWML 217942); B. Scolex (HWML 217942); C. Terminal genitalia (HWML 217942); D. Terminal genitalia (HWML 217950); E. Scolex (HWML 217950); F. Terminal mature proglottid (MIUP H 0086)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830740/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
). Vitellarium follicular; vitelline follicles 22–75.5 (n=6) long by 8.5–18.5 (n=6) wide, arranged in two lateral bands, each band consisting of one dorsal and one ventral column of vitelline follicles, extending from near posterior margin of the first or second anterior-most row of testes to near posterior margin of proglottid, interrupted by genital pore and by ovary both dorsally and ventrally (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF94E66E1880F91CFCD5F8C5" box="[641,777,1790,1816]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1880,1904]" captionTargetBox="[170,1402,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[159,1429,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Line drawings of Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (A–C) and Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (D–F). A. Terminal mature proglottid (HWML 217942); B. Scolex (HWML 217942); C. Terminal genitalia (HWML 217942); D. Terminal genitalia (HWML 217950); E. Scolex (HWML 217950); F. Terminal mature proglottid (MIUP H 0086)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830740/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Figs. 4D, F</figureCitation>
). Uterus saccate, ventral, extending along median line of proglottid from near the Mehli’s gland to posterior margin of first or second anterior-most row of testes (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF94E66E1F38F8C0FA4CF8E1" box="[1337,1424,1826,1852]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1880,1904]" captionTargetBox="[170,1402,187,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[159,1429,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Line drawings of Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (A–C) and Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (D–F). A. Terminal mature proglottid (HWML 217942); B. Scolex (HWML 217942); C. Terminal genitalia (HWML 217942); D. Terminal genitalia (HWML 217950); E. Scolex (HWML 217950); F. Terminal mature proglottid (MIUP H 0086)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830740/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A6513FF94E66C1AC6F8A4FA9BFE0C" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF94E66C1AC6F8A4FA9BFE0C" blockId="12.[151,1437,1286,2033]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1437,150,465]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF94E66E1AC6F8A4FEE1F8BD" bold="true" box="[199,317,1862,1888]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Remarks:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF94E66E1B46F8A4FDB7F8BD" authorityName="Sakai &amp; Marques &amp; Trevisan" authorityYear="2025" box="[327,619,1862,1888]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="miriamae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF94E66E1B46F8A4FDB7F8BD" box="[327,619,1862,1888]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Anthocephalum miriamae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF94E66E1874F8A4FD6AF8BD" bold="true" box="[629,694,1862,1888]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757F1FF94E66E1874F8A4FD6AF8BD" box="[629,694,1862,1888]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
possesses a unique combination of morphological features. This new species, can be distinguishable from 15 of its congeners in number of proglottids [40–67 vs. 13–21 (
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF94E66E1F2EF888FA50F859" authorityName="Herzog &amp; Jensen" authorityYear="2018" box="[1327,1420,1898,1924]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="blairi">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF94E66E1F2EF888FA50F859" box="[1327,1420,1898,1924]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">A. blairi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 20–33 (
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF94E66E1AEAF86CFE63F875" authorityName="Ruhnke, Caira &amp; Cox" authorityYear="2015" box="[235,447,1934,1960]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="decrisantisorum">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF94E66E1AEAF86CFE63F875" box="[235,447,1934,1960]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">A. decrisantisorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 120–160 (
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF94E66E1845F86CFD08F875" authorityName="Ruhnke" authorityYear="1994" box="[580,724,1934,1960]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="duszynskii">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF94E66E1845F86CFD08F875" box="[580,724,1934,1960]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">A. duszynskii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 500–600 (
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF94E66E195BF86CFC1AF875" authorityName="Ruhnke" authorityYear="1994" baseAuthorityName="Wedl" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[858,966,1934,1960]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="gracile">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF94E66E195BF86CFC1AF875" box="[858,966,1934,1960]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">A. gracile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 9–16 (
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF94E66E1E23F86CFB51F875" authorityName="Herzog &amp; Jensen" authorityYear="2018" box="[1058,1165,1934,1960]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="gravisi">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF94E66E1E23F86CFB51F875" box="[1058,1165,1934,1960]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">A. gravisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 17–29 (
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF94E66E1EF7F86CFA50F875" authorityName="Herzog &amp; Jensen" authorityYear="2018" box="[1270,1420,1934,1960]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="haroldsoni">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF94E66E1EF7F86CFA50F875" box="[1270,1420,1934,1960]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">A. haroldsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 105–138 (
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF94E66E1B08F850FEA2F811" authorityName="Ruhnke, Caira &amp; Cox" authorityYear="2015" box="[265,382,1970,1996]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="healyae">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF94E66E1B08F850FEA2F811" box="[265,382,1970,1996]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">A. healyae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 12–28 (
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF94E66E1BEBF850FDB7F811" authorityName="Ruhnke, Caira &amp; Cox" authorityYear="2015" box="[490,619,1970,1996]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="jensenae">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF94E66E1BEBF850FDB7F811" box="[490,619,1970,1996]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">A. jensenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 7–10 (
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF94E66E18C8F850FC8DF811" authorityName="Herzog &amp; Jensen" authorityYear="2018" box="[713,849,1970,1996]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mounseyi">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF94E66E18C8F850FC8DF811" box="[713,849,1970,1996]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">A. mounseyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 86–120 (
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF94E66E19CAF850FBB9F811" authorityName="Ruhnke, Caira &amp; Cox" authorityYear="2015" box="[971,1125,1970,1996]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="odonnellae">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF94E66E19CAF850FBB9F811" box="[971,1125,1970,1996]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">A. odonnellae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 11-30 (
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF94E66E1ECDF850FA9CF811" authorityName="Herzog &amp; Jensen" authorityYear="2018" box="[1228,1344,1970,1996]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ruhnkei">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF94E66E1ECDF850FA9CF811" box="[1228,1344,1970,1996]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">A. ruhnkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 16–28 (
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF94E66E1AA0F834FE81F82D" authorityName="Boudaya, Neifar &amp; Euzet" authorityYear="2018" box="[161,349,2006,2032]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="jeancadenati">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF94E66E1AA0F834FE81F82D" box="[161,349,2006,2032]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">A. jeancadenati</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 9–15 (
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF94E66E1BC5F834FDF2F82D" authorityName="Ruhnke" authorityYear="1994" box="[452,558,2006,2032]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="alicae">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF94E66E1BC5F834FDF2F82D" box="[452,558,2006,2032]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">A. alicae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 80–110 (
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF94E66E18B0F834FCC3F82D" authorityName="Ruhnke" authorityYear="1994" box="[689,799,2006,2032]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cairae">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF94E66E18B0F834FCC3F82D" box="[689,799,2006,2032]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">A. cairae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and 106–177 (
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF94E66E19E4F834FBA6F82D" authorityName="Ruhnke, Caira &amp; Cox" authorityYear="2015" box="[997,1146,2006,2032]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="papefayei">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF94E66E19E4F834FBA6F82D" box="[997,1146,2006,2032]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">A. papefayei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)]. In number of testes,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF96E66C1A96FF75FE64FF6D" authorityName="Sakai &amp; Marques &amp; Trevisan" authorityYear="2025" box="[151,440,151,177]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="miriamae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C1A96FF75FE64FF6D" box="[151,440,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Anthocephalum miriamae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C1BBFFF75FE27FF6C" bold="true" box="[446,507,151,177]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757F1FF96E66C1BBFFF75FE27FF6C" box="[446,507,151,177]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
possesses more testes than
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF96E66C192AFF75FC65FF6C" authorityName="Ruhnke, Caira &amp; Cox" authorityYear="2015" box="[811,953,151,177]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="meadowsi">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C192AFF75FC65FF6C" box="[811,953,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">A. meadowsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF96E66C19ECFF75FBA1FF6C" authorityName="Ruhnke, Caira &amp; Cox" authorityYear="2015" box="[1005,1149,151,177]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="philruschi">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C19ECFF75FBA1FF6C" box="[1005,1149,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">A. philruschi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(28–38 vs. 15–25, 17–25, respectively) but fewer than
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF96E66C1BE0FF59FD51FF09" authorityName="Ruhnke" authorityYear="1994" baseAuthorityName="Southwell" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[481,653,187,213]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="centruturum">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C1BE0FF59FD51FF09" box="[481,653,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">A. centruturum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(28–38 vs. 48–78).
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF96E66C1978FF59FB41FF09" authorityName="Sakai &amp; Marques &amp; Trevisan" authorityYear="2025" box="[889,1181,187,213]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="miriamae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C1978FF59FB41FF09" box="[889,1181,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Anthocephalum miriamae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C1EA6FF59FB34FF08" bold="true" box="[1191,1256,187,213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757F1FF96E66C1EA6FF59FB34FF08" box="[1191,1256,187,213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF96E66C1F85FF59FF31FF24" authorityName="Marques &amp; Caira" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="Zamparo, Brooks &amp; Barriga" baseAuthorityYear="1999" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hobergi">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C1F85FF59FF31FF24" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">A. hobergi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the position of the genital pore on the proglottid (32–45% vs. 66–79%). The new species also differs in the arrangement of vitelline follicles by possessing a single dorsal and a single ventral column versus the 3–5 dorsal and 3–5 ventral columns of
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF96E66C1843FEC5FD68FE9D" authorityName="Ruhnke &amp; Seaman" authorityYear="2009" box="[578,692,295,321]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="currani">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C1843FEC5FD68FE9D" box="[578,692,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">A. currani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 4–6 dorsal and 4–6 ventral columns of
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF96E66C1E6DFEC5FB1CFE9C" authorityName="Ruhnke and Seaman" authorityYear="2009" box="[1132,1216,295,321]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="lukei">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C1E6DFEC5FB1CFE9C" box="[1132,1216,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">A. lukei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 2–3 dorsal and 2–3 ventral columns of
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF96E66C1BA1FEA9FDC3FEB8" authorityName="Ruhnke &amp; Seaman" authorityYear="2009" box="[416,543,331,357]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="michaeli">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C1BA1FEA9FDC3FEB8" box="[416,543,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">A. michaeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF96E66C182CFEA9FD4BFEB8" authorityName="Ruhnke &amp; Seaman" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[557,663,331,357]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="kingae">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C182CFEA9FD4BFEB8" box="[557,663,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">A. kingae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF96E66C18D5FEA9FCE3FEB9" authorityName="Ruhnke, Caira &amp; Cox" authorityYear="2015" box="[724,831,331,357]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mattisi">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C18D5FEA9FCE3FEB9" box="[724,831,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">A. mattisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Finally,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF96E66C19A9FEA9FB16FEB9" authorityName="Sakai &amp; Marques &amp; Trevisan" authorityYear="2025" box="[936,1226,331,357]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="miriamae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C19A9FEA9FB16FEB9" box="[936,1226,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Anthocephalum miriamae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C1ED0FEA9FAD3FEB8" bold="true" box="[1233,1295,331,357]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757F1FF96E66C1ED0FEA9FAD3FEB8" box="[1233,1295,331,357]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF96E66C1A96FE8DFE61FE54" authorityName="Sakai &amp; Marques &amp; Trevisan" authorityYear="2025" box="[151,445,367,393]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C1A96FE8DFE61FE54" box="[151,445,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Anthocephalum machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the former is proportionally larger, with different scolex shape (ellipsoid vs. deltoid, sensu
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B69FF96E66C1ADCFE71FE48FE70" author="Clopton, R. E." box="[221,404,403,429]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="130 - 140" refId="ref17572" refString="Clopton, R. E. (2004) Standard nomenclature and metrics of plane shapes for use in gregarine taxonomy. Comparative Parasitology, 71 (2), 130-140. https://doi.org/10.1654/4151" type="journal article" year="2004">Clopton (2004))</bibRefCitation>
, and associated with a distinct biogeographical region (Tropical Eastern Pacific
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C1F18FE71FAECFE71" box="[1305,1328,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">vs</emphasis>
. Tropical Western Atlantic), evidences that are corroborated by their phylogenetic positions based on molecular data.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

418
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<mods:title id="C4B75A80988975F5863529DFE2852835">Diversity and phylogenetic position of the amphi-American lineages of the tapeworms of the genus Anthocephalum Linton, 1890 (Rhinebothriidea: Anthocephaliidae)</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C1A96FDC0FE1EFDE0" bold="true" box="[151,450,546,573]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Anthocephalum nataliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757F1FF96E66C1BCBFDC1FDD0FDE0" box="[458,524,547,573]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF96E66C1A96FDA5FE2EFDBC" blockId="14.[151,524,546,609]" box="[151,498,583,609]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
(
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF96E66C1A9EFDA5FEDDFDBC" box="[159,257,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[329,1259,193,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-20@9.[317,1271,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Light micrographs of the whole worms of Anthocephalum spp. A. Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (HWML 217938) ex Hypanus gutattus; B. Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (MIUP H 0086) ex Hypanus longus; C. Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (HWML 217953) ex Styracura schmardae; D. Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (HWML 217959) ex S. schmardae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830738/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Figs. 3C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF96E66C1B0CFDA5FE97FDBC" box="[269,331,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[216,1371,163,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-20@13.[204,1383,151,1889]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Micrographs of transversal histological sections of Anthocephalum spp. A, C, E and G, sections at level of testes; B, D, F and H, sections at level of ovary. Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (A, B), Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (C, D), Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (E, F) and Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (G, H). Abbreviations: T. Testes, Vit. Vitelline Follicle, U. Uterus, De. Dorsal excretory duct, Ve. Ventral excretory duct, Od. Oviduct, and Oc. Ovicapt." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830744/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">6E–F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF96E66C1B57FDA5FE47FDBC" box="[342,411,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1855,1879]" captionTargetBox="[154,1426,184,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-20@15.[151,1435,181,1831]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Line drawings of Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (A–C) and Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (D–F). A. Terminal mature proglottid (MZUSP 8061e); B. Scolex (LRP 11286); C. Terminal genitalia (MZUSP 8061e); D. Scolex (HWML 217961); E. Terminal mature proglottid (HWML 217961); F. Terminal genitalia (LRP 11294)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830746/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">7A–C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF96E66C1BA6FDA5FE35FDBC" box="[423,489,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1417,1441]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,181,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-20@17.[152,1435,181,1393]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. Scanning electron micrographs of Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (A–E) and Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (F–J). A, F. Scolex, letters in scolexes indicate locations of B–E and G–J, respectively. B, G. Marginal loculi, C, H. Proximal surface of marginal loculus, D, I. Proximal surface of bothridial rim, E, J. Distal surface of bothridium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830748" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830748/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">8A–E</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C1A96FD6DFEC8FD74" bold="true" box="[151,276,655,681]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
<typeStatus id="548B883AFF96E66C1A96FD6DFF0EFD74" box="[151,210,655,681]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Type</typeStatus>
host:
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<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF96E66C1B1AFD6DFDA9FD74" authority="(Werner)" baseAuthorityName="Werner" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[283,629,655,681]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Styracura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schmardae">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C1B1AFD6DFDD6FD74" box="[283,522,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Styracura schmardae</emphasis>
(Werner)
</taxonomicName>
– Chupare stingray.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C1AC6FD51FEB5FD11" bold="true" box="[199,361,690,717]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Type locality:</emphasis>
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,
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,
<collectingCountry id="F3277608FF96E66C1918FD51FCBDFD10" box="[793,865,691,717]" name="Belize" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Belize</collectingCountry>
(
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16
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54’15.2”N
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,
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88
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03’38.2”W
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).
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<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF96E66C1AC6FD34FD9FFD2C" blockId="14.[151,1437,655,1977]" box="[199,579,726,753]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C1AC6FD34FE57FD2D" bold="true" box="[199,395,726,752]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Site of infection:</emphasis>
Spiral intestine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF96E66C1AC6FD19FCDFFCC8" blockId="14.[151,1437,655,1977]" box="[199,771,762,789]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C1AC6FD19FE3CFCC9" bold="true" box="[199,480,762,789]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Prevalence of infection:</emphasis>
20% (one of five valves).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C1AC6FCFCFE1AFCE5" bold="true" box="[199,454,798,824]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Specimens deposited:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B583CC5FF96E66C1BCDFCFDFD23FCE4" box="[460,767,798,825]" collectionCode="HWML" country="Belize" latitude="16.904222" location="Coast of Tobacco Caye" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-88.060616" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" specimenCode="HWML 217953" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Stann Creek" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="548B883AFF96E66C1BCDFCFDFDE8FCE4" box="[460,564,799,825]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCode id="DB969EE3FF96E66C1843FCFDFD2BFCE4" box="[578,759,798,825]" collectionCode="HWML" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jbwg-23em" name="Howard W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">HWML 217953</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B583CC5FF96E66C1904FCFDFAD8FCE4" box="[773,1284,798,825]" collectionCode="HWML" country="Belize" latitude="16.904222" location="Coast of Tobacco Caye" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-88.060616" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" specimenCode="HWML 217954-217958" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Stann Creek" typeStatus="paratype">
and
<specimenCount id="9D36FD11FF96E66C1932FCFDFC83FCE4" box="[819,863,799,825]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" type="generic">five</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="548B883AFF96E66C1964FCFDFC0CFCE4" box="[869,976,799,825]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">paratypes</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCode id="DB969EE3FF96E66C19DCFCFDFB25FCE4" box="[989,1273,798,825]" collectionCode="HWML" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jbwg-23em" name="Howard W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">HWML 217954–217958</specimenCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B583CC5FF96E66C1F0BFCFDFE5FFC80" collectionCode="LRP" country="Belize" latitude="16.904222" location="Coast of Tobacco Caye" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-88.060616" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" specimenCode="LRP 11285-11290" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Stann Creek" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D36FD11FF96E66C1F0BFCFDFAF7FCE4" box="[1290,1323,799,825]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" type="generic">six</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="548B883AFF96E66C1F30FCFDFA40FCE4" box="[1329,1436,799,825]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">paratypes</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCode id="DB969EE3FF96E66C1A9EFCA1FEABFC80" box="[159,375,834,861]" collectionCode="LRP" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">LRP 11285–11290</specimenCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B583CC5FF96E66C1B8BFCA1FCE8FC80" box="[394,820,835,861]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Belize" latitude="16.904222" location="Coast of Tobacco Caye" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-88.060616" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" specimenCode="MZUSP 8061a-f" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Stann Creek" typeStatus="paratype">
and,
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<typeStatus id="548B883AFF96E66C1BE9FCA1FD8FFC80" box="[488,595,835,861]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">paratypes</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCode id="DB969EE3FF96E66C1863FCA1FCFBFC80" box="[610,807,835,861]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">MZUSP 8061a–f</specimenCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A6513FF96E66C1AC6FC85FAD4FC5C" box="[199,1288,871,897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF96E66C1AC6FC85FAD4FC5C" blockId="14.[151,1437,655,1977]" box="[199,1288,871,897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C1AC6FC85FE8EFC5C" bold="true" box="[199,338,871,897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Etymology:</emphasis>
This species honors Dr. Natalia Luchetti for her contributions to cestodes taxonomy.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A6513FF96E66C1AC6FC68FF16F93C" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF96E66C1AC6FC68FB6CFBA0" blockId="14.[151,1437,655,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C1AC6FC68FEB6FC78" bold="true" box="[199,362,906,933]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Description. [</emphasis>
Based on
<specimenCount id="9D36FD11FF96E66C1BDAFC69FDA5FC78" box="[475,633,907,933]" count="28" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" type="generic">28 specimens</specimenCount>
: 17 whole mounts of mature worms, 9 scolexes prepared for SEM and cross sections of 2 mature proglottids]: Worms euapolityc, 4,6–8.1 (n=17) long with 13–21 proglottids (n=17) in number, maximum width 661.5–902 (n=3) at level of scolex (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF96E66C1960FC31FC60FC30" box="[865,956,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[329,1259,193,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-20@9.[317,1271,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Light micrographs of the whole worms of Anthocephalum spp. A. Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (HWML 217938) ex Hypanus gutattus; B. Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (MIUP H 0086) ex Hypanus longus; C. Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (HWML 217953) ex Styracura schmardae; D. Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (HWML 217959) ex S. schmardae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830738/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
). Scolex (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF96E66C1E30FC31FB4AFC30" box="[1073,1174,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1855,1879]" captionTargetBox="[154,1426,184,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-20@15.[151,1435,181,1831]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Line drawings of Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (A–C) and Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (D–F). A. Terminal mature proglottid (MZUSP 8061e); B. Scolex (LRP 11286); C. Terminal genitalia (MZUSP 8061e); D. Scolex (HWML 217961); E. Terminal mature proglottid (HWML 217961); F. Terminal genitalia (LRP 11294)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830746/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Figs. 7B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF96E66C1EA5FC31FB14FC30" box="[1188,1224,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1417,1441]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,181,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-20@17.[152,1435,181,1393]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. Scanning electron micrographs of Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (A–E) and Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (F–J). A, F. Scolex, letters in scolexes indicate locations of B–E and G–J, respectively. B, G. Marginal loculi, C, H. Proximal surface of marginal loculus, D, I. Proximal surface of bothridial rim, E, J. Distal surface of bothridium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830748" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830748/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">8A</figureCitation>
) with four stalked bothridia, each one with 58–66 (n=3) marginal loculi and one oval apical sucker; apical sucker 23.5–57 (n=12) long by 39–60.5 (n=12) wide. Short cephalic peduncle present. Proximal surfaces of marginal loculi next to the bothridial rims covered with acicular filitriches and scolopate spinithriches (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF96E66C1974FBDDFC31FB84" box="[885,1005,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1417,1441]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,181,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-20@17.[152,1435,181,1393]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. Scanning electron micrographs of Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (A–E) and Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (F–J). A, F. Scolex, letters in scolexes indicate locations of B–E and G–J, respectively. B, G. Marginal loculi, C, H. Proximal surface of marginal loculus, D, I. Proximal surface of bothridial rim, E, J. Distal surface of bothridium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830748" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830748/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Fig. 8B, C</figureCitation>
); bothridial rims covered with acicular filitriches (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF96E66C1B13FB81FEB0FBA0" box="[274,364,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1417,1441]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,181,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-20@17.[152,1435,181,1393]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. Scanning electron micrographs of Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (A–E) and Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (F–J). A, F. Scolex, letters in scolexes indicate locations of B–E and G–J, respectively. B, G. Marginal loculi, C, H. Proximal surface of marginal loculus, D, I. Proximal surface of bothridial rim, E, J. Distal surface of bothridium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830748" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830748/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
); distal surface of bothridium covered with capiliform filitriches (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF96E66C1E4DFB81FB78FBA0" box="[1100,1188,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1417,1441]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,181,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-20@17.[152,1435,181,1393]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. Scanning electron micrographs of Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (A–E) and Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (F–J). A, F. Scolex, letters in scolexes indicate locations of B–E and G–J, respectively. B, G. Marginal loculi, C, H. Proximal surface of marginal loculus, D, I. Proximal surface of bothridial rim, E, J. Distal surface of bothridium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830748" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830748/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF96E66C1AC6FB65FF16F93C" blockId="14.[151,1437,655,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
Proglottids slightly craspedote. Immature proglottids wider than long, becoming longer than wide with maturity,
<quantity id="4CC89B7DFF96E66C1A96FB49FF27FB18" box="[151,251,1195,1221]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.064" metricValueMax="5.08" metricValueMin="3.048" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" unit="in" value="16.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="12.0">12–20 in</quantity>
number (n = 17) (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF96E66C1BCCFB49FDFAFB18" box="[461,550,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[329,1259,193,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-20@9.[317,1271,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Light micrographs of the whole worms of Anthocephalum spp. A. Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (HWML 217938) ex Hypanus gutattus; B. Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (MIUP H 0086) ex Hypanus longus; C. Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (HWML 217953) ex Styracura schmardae; D. Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (HWML 217959) ex S. schmardae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830738/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
). Mature proglottids (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF96E66C191FFB49FCABFB18" box="[798,887,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1855,1879]" captionTargetBox="[154,1426,184,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-20@15.[151,1435,181,1831]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Line drawings of Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (A–C) and Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (D–F). A. Terminal mature proglottid (MZUSP 8061e); B. Scolex (LRP 11286); C. Terminal genitalia (MZUSP 8061e); D. Scolex (HWML 217961); E. Terminal mature proglottid (HWML 217961); F. Terminal genitalia (LRP 11294)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830746/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
) 1195.3–1751 (n=11) long by 153–204.8 (n=11) wide,
<quantity id="4CC89B7DFF96E66C1ADFFB2DFED0FB34" box="[222,268,1231,1257]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
number (n = 17). Testes arranged in two columns from near anterior margin of proglottid to anterior margin of genital pore, and 1 row-deep in cross section (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF96E66C192BFB11FC4DFAD0" box="[810,913,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1855,1879]" captionTargetBox="[154,1426,184,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-20@15.[151,1435,181,1831]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Line drawings of Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (A–C) and Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (D–F). A. Terminal mature proglottid (MZUSP 8061e); B. Scolex (LRP 11286); C. Terminal genitalia (MZUSP 8061e); D. Scolex (HWML 217961); E. Terminal mature proglottid (HWML 217961); F. Terminal genitalia (LRP 11294)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830746/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Figs. 7A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF96E66C199EFB11FC1EFAD0" box="[927,962,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[216,1371,163,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-20@13.[204,1383,151,1889]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Micrographs of transversal histological sections of Anthocephalum spp. A, C, E and G, sections at level of testes; B, D, F and H, sections at level of ovary. Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (A, B), Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (C, D), Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (E, F) and Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (G, H). Abbreviations: T. Testes, Vit. Vitelline Follicle, U. Uterus, De. Dorsal excretory duct, Ve. Ventral excretory duct, Od. Oviduct, and Oc. Ovicapt." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830744/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">6E</figureCitation>
). Testes 40–51.3 (n=9) by 32.8–50 (n=9) wide, 36–50 (n=9) in number. Cirrus-sac pyriform slightly bent posteriorly, 100.5–187.3 (n=5) long by 71–95 (n=5) wide, containing coiled cirrus (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF96E66C1BEFFAD9FD99FA88" box="[494,581,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1855,1879]" captionTargetBox="[154,1426,184,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-20@15.[151,1435,181,1831]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Line drawings of Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (A–C) and Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (D–F). A. Terminal mature proglottid (MZUSP 8061e); B. Scolex (LRP 11286); C. Terminal genitalia (MZUSP 8061e); D. Scolex (HWML 217961); E. Terminal mature proglottid (HWML 217961); F. Terminal genitalia (LRP 11294)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830746/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
). Cirrus armed with spinitriches. Genital pores lateral, irregularly alternating, 29.4–42.1% (n=10) of proglottid length from posterior end (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF96E66C1945FABDFC40FAA4" box="[836,924,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[329,1259,193,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-20@9.[317,1271,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Light micrographs of the whole worms of Anthocephalum spp. A. Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (HWML 217938) ex Hypanus gutattus; B. Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (MIUP H 0086) ex Hypanus longus; C. Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (HWML 217953) ex Styracura schmardae; D. Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (HWML 217959) ex S. schmardae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830738/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF96E66C19A8FABDFC13FAA4" box="[937,975,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1855,1879]" captionTargetBox="[154,1426,184,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-20@15.[151,1435,181,1831]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Line drawings of Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (A–C) and Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (D–F). A. Terminal mature proglottid (MZUSP 8061e); B. Scolex (LRP 11286); C. Terminal genitalia (MZUSP 8061e); D. Scolex (HWML 217961); E. Terminal mature proglottid (HWML 217961); F. Terminal genitalia (LRP 11294)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830746/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">7A</figureCitation>
). Ovary near posterior end of proglottid, H-shaped in frontal view (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF96E66C1BC6FA61FDF0FA40" box="[455,556,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[329,1259,193,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-20@9.[317,1271,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Light micrographs of the whole worms of Anthocephalum spp. A. Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (HWML 217938) ex Hypanus gutattus; B. Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (MIUP H 0086) ex Hypanus longus; C. Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (HWML 217953) ex Styracura schmardae; D. Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (HWML 217959) ex S. schmardae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830738/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Figs. 3C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF96E66C183BFA61FD83FA40" box="[570,607,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1855,1879]" captionTargetBox="[154,1426,184,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-20@15.[151,1435,181,1831]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Line drawings of Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (A–C) and Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (D–F). A. Terminal mature proglottid (MZUSP 8061e); B. Scolex (LRP 11286); C. Terminal genitalia (MZUSP 8061e); D. Scolex (HWML 217961); E. Terminal mature proglottid (HWML 217961); F. Terminal genitalia (LRP 11294)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830746/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">7A</figureCitation>
), tetralobed in cross-section (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF96E66C19B3FA61FBD6FA40" box="[946,1034,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[216,1371,163,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-20@13.[204,1383,151,1889]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Micrographs of transversal histological sections of Anthocephalum spp. A, C, E and G, sections at level of testes; B, D, F and H, sections at level of ovary. Anthocephalum machadoi n. sp. (A, B), Anthocephalum miriamae n. sp. (C, D), Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (E, F) and Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (G, H). Abbreviations: T. Testes, Vit. Vitelline Follicle, U. Uterus, De. Dorsal excretory duct, Ve. Ventral excretory duct, Od. Oviduct, and Oc. Ovicapt." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830744/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
), slightly asymmetrical, 238.5–528 (n=9) long by 82.3–137.5 (n=9) wide; ovarian bridge near middle of ovary. Mehli’s gland immediately posterior to ovarian bridge. Vagina thick-walled, sinuous, extending medially in proglottid from ootype to anterior margin of cirrus-sac, then laterally to open into genital atrium anterior to cirrus, expanded proximally (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF96E66C1EAEFA0DFAD4F9D4" box="[1199,1288,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1855,1879]" captionTargetBox="[154,1426,184,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-20@15.[151,1435,181,1831]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Line drawings of Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (A–C) and Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (D–F). A. Terminal mature proglottid (MZUSP 8061e); B. Scolex (LRP 11286); C. Terminal genitalia (MZUSP 8061e); D. Scolex (HWML 217961); E. Terminal mature proglottid (HWML 217961); F. Terminal genitalia (LRP 11294)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830746/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
). Vitellarium follicular; vitelline follicles 21.5–48.3 (n=6) by 5.3–18 (n=6), arranged in 2 lateral bands, each band consisting of one dorsal and one ventral column of vitelline follicles, extending from posterior margin of first or second anterior-most row of testes to anterior margin of the ovary to near posterior margin of proglottid, interrupted by genital pore and partially by ovary both dorsally and ventrally (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF96E66C18DCF99DFCBAF944" box="[733,870,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1855,1879]" captionTargetBox="[154,1426,184,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-20@15.[151,1435,181,1831]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Line drawings of Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (A–C) and Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (D–F). A. Terminal mature proglottid (MZUSP 8061e); B. Scolex (LRP 11286); C. Terminal genitalia (MZUSP 8061e); D. Scolex (HWML 217961); E. Terminal mature proglottid (HWML 217961); F. Terminal genitalia (LRP 11294)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830746/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Figs. 7A, C</figureCitation>
). Uterus saccate, ventral, extending along median line of proglottid from near the ovarian bridge to posterior margin of first or second anterior-most row of testes (
<figureCitation id="130B2A1DFF96E66C1F6EF941FF61F93C" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1855,1879]" captionTargetBox="[154,1426,184,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-20@15.[151,1435,181,1831]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Line drawings of Anthocephalum nataliae n. sp. (A–C) and Anthocephalum veronicae n. sp. (D–F). A. Terminal mature proglottid (MZUSP 8061e); B. Scolex (LRP 11286); C. Terminal genitalia (MZUSP 8061e); D. Scolex (HWML 217961); E. Terminal mature proglottid (HWML 217961); F. Terminal genitalia (LRP 11294)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830746/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A6513FF96E6721AC6F909FD77FE54" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="167" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF96E66C1AC6F909FB74F864" blockId="14.[151,1437,655,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C1AC6F909FEE1F8D8" bold="true" box="[199,317,1771,1797]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Remarks:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF96E66C1B49F909FD83F8D8" authorityName="Sakai &amp; Marques &amp; Trevisan" authorityYear="2025" box="[328,607,1771,1797]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="nataliae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C1B49F909FD83F8D8" box="[328,607,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Anthocephalum nataliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C186BF909FD71F8D8" bold="true" box="[618,685,1771,1797]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757F1FF96E66C186BF909FD71F8D8" box="[618,685,1771,1797]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
can be distinguished from 16 of its 26 congeners in number of proglottids (13–21 vs. 35–70
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF96E66C1BE0F8EDFD88F8F5" authorityName="Ruhnke &amp; Seaman" authorityYear="2009" box="[481,596,1807,1833]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="currani">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C1BE0F8EDFD88F8F5" box="[481,596,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">A. currani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 120–160
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF96E66C18CAF8EDFC81F8F4" authorityName="Ruhnke" authorityYear="1994" box="[715,861,1807,1833]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="duszynskii">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C18CAF8EDFC81F8F4" box="[715,861,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">A. duszynskii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 500-600
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF96E66C19CEF8EDFBE1F8F4" authorityName="Ruhnke" authorityYear="1994" baseAuthorityName="Wedl" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[975,1085,1807,1833]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="gracile">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C19CEF8EDFBE1F8F4" box="[975,1085,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">A. gracile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 105–133
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF96E66C1EB2F8EDFAF5F8F4" authorityName="Ruhnke, Caira &amp; Cox" authorityYear="2015" box="[1203,1321,1807,1833]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="healyae">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C1EB2F8EDFAF5F8F4" box="[1203,1321,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">A. healyae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 28–56
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF96E66C1F85F8EDFF11F890" authorityName="Ruhnke and Seaman" authorityYear="2009" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="lukei">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C1F85F8EDFF11F890" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">A. lukei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 30–40
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF96E66C1B2BF8D1FE66F890" authorityName="Ruhnke, Caira &amp; Cox" authorityYear="2015" box="[298,442,1843,1869]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="meadowsi">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C1B2BF8D1FE66F890" box="[298,442,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">A. meadowsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 23–41
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF96E66C1817F8D1FD4AF890" authorityName="Ruhnke &amp; Seaman" authorityYear="2009" box="[534,662,1843,1869]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="michaeli">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C1817F8D1FD4AF890" box="[534,662,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">A. michaeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 7–10
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF96E66C18E4F8D1FCB3F891" authorityName="Herzog &amp; Jensen" authorityYear="2018" box="[741,879,1843,1869]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mounseyi">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C18E4F8D1FCB3F891" box="[741,879,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">A. mounseyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 86–120
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF96E66C19D8F8D1FBA9F890" authorityName="Ruhnke, Caira &amp; Cox" authorityYear="2015" box="[985,1141,1843,1869]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="odonnellae">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C19D8F8D1FBA9F890" box="[985,1141,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">A. odonnellae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 27–40
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF96E66C1ED3F8D1FAB8F890" authorityName="Ruhnke, Caira &amp; Cox" authorityYear="2015" box="[1234,1380,1843,1869]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="philruschi">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C1ED3F8D1FAB8F890" box="[1234,1380,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">A. philruschi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 80– 110
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF96E66C1AC7F8B5FEF0F8AD" authorityName="Ruhnke" authorityYear="1994" box="[198,300,1879,1905]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cairae">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C1AC7F8B5FEF0F8AD" box="[198,300,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">A. cairae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 33–50
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF96E66C1B85F8B5FE31F8AC" authorityName="Ruhnke &amp; Seaman" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[388,493,1879,1905]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="kingae">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C1B85F8B5FE31F8AC" box="[388,493,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">A. kingae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 35–40
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF96E66C1844F8B5FD73F8AD" authorityName="Ruhnke, Caira &amp; Cox" authorityYear="2015" box="[581,687,1879,1905]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mattisi">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C1844F8B5FD73F8AD" box="[581,687,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">A. mattisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 106–177
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF96E66C1925F8B5FC73F8AC" authorityName="Ruhnke, Caira &amp; Cox" authorityYear="2015" box="[804,943,1879,1905]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="papefayei">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C1925F8B5FC73F8AC" box="[804,943,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">A. papefayei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 53–98
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF96E66C1E09F8B5FBA0F8AC" authorityName="Marques &amp; Caira" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="Zamparo, Brooks &amp; Barriga" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[1032,1148,1879,1905]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hobergi">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C1E09F8B5FBA0F8AC" box="[1032,1148,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">A. hobergi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and, 40–67
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF96E66C1F02F8B5FA50F8AD" authorityName="Sakai &amp; Marques &amp; Trevisan" authorityYear="2025" box="[1283,1420,1879,1905]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="miriamae">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C1F02F8B5FA50F8AD" box="[1283,1420,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">A. miriamae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Furthermore,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF96E66C1B31F899FE76F848" authorityName="Sakai &amp; Marques &amp; Trevisan" authorityYear="2025" box="[304,426,1915,1941]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="nataliae" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C1B31F899FE76F848" box="[304,426,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">A. nataliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C1BB1F899FE32F848" bold="true" box="[432,494,1915,1941]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757F1FF96E66C1BB1F899FE32F848" box="[432,494,1915,1941]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF96E66C187EF899FD07F848" authorityName="Herzog &amp; Jensen" authorityYear="2018" box="[639,731,1915,1941]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="blairi">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C187EF899FD07F848" box="[639,731,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">A. blairi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF96E66C18E9F899FC61F848" authorityName="Ruhnke, Caira &amp; Cox" authorityYear="2015" box="[744,957,1915,1941]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="decrisantisorum">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C18E9F899FC61F848" box="[744,957,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">A. decrisantisorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF96E66C19CBF899FBBCF848" authorityName="Herzog &amp; Jensen" authorityYear="2018" box="[970,1120,1915,1941]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="haroldsoni">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C19CBF899FBBCF848" box="[970,1120,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">A. haroldsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF96E66C1E6CF899FB31F849" authorityName="Ruhnke, Caira &amp; Cox" authorityYear="2015" box="[1133,1261,1915,1941]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="jensenae">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C1E6CF899FB31F849" box="[1133,1261,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">A. jensenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF96E66C1F28F899FA41F848" authorityName="Herzog &amp; Jensen" authorityYear="2018" box="[1321,1437,1915,1941]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ruhnkei">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF96E66C1F28F899FA41F848" box="[1321,1437,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">A. ruhnkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by possessing more testes (36–50 vs. 10–15, 17–24, 25–32, 14–20, and 22–34, respectively).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4F6610FF97E66D1A96F8DDFB87F87D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830746" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14830746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14830746/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" startId="15.[151,250,1855,1879]" targetBox="[154,1426,184,1827]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF97E66D1A96F8DDFB87F87D" blockId="15.[151,1436,1855,1952]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF97E66D1A96F8DDFED2F885" bold="true" box="[151,270,1855,1880]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">FIGURE 7</emphasis>
. Line drawings of
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF97E66D1BCEF8DDFD14F88A" authorityName="Sakai &amp; Marques &amp; Trevisan" authorityYear="2025" box="[463,712,1855,1879]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="nataliae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF97E66D1BCEF8DDFD14F88A" box="[463,712,1855,1879]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Anthocephalum nataliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF97E66D18CEF8A2FC8DF88A" bold="true" box="[719,849,1855,1880]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757F1FF97E66D18CEF8A2FCD5F885" box="[719,777,1856,1880]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(A–C)
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF97E66D1985F8DDFB50F88A" authorityName="Sakai &amp; Marques &amp; Trevisan" authorityYear="2025" box="[900,1164,1855,1879]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="veronicae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF97E66D1985F8DDFB50F88A" box="[900,1164,1855,1879]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Anthocephalum veronicae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF97E66D1E92F8A2FACEF88A" bold="true" box="[1171,1298,1855,1880]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757F1FF97E66D1E92F8A2FB11F885" box="[1171,1229,1856,1880]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(D–F)
</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF97E66D1F21F8DDFAE5F88A" bold="true" box="[1312,1337,1855,1879]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">A.</emphasis>
Terminal mature proglottid (MZUSP 8061e);
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF97E66D1816F886FDF2F8A1" bold="true" box="[535,558,1892,1916]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">B.</emphasis>
Scolex (LRP 11286);
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF97E66D1925F881FCE0F8A6" bold="true" box="[804,828,1891,1915]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">C.</emphasis>
Terminal genitalia (MZUSP 8061e);
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF97E66D1ED1F886FB35F8A1" bold="true" box="[1232,1257,1892,1916]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">D.</emphasis>
Scolex (HWML 217961);
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF97E66D1AF8F86AFECCF87D" bold="true" box="[249,272,1928,1952]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">E.</emphasis>
Terminal mature proglottid (HWML 217961);
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF97E66D18F0F86AFCDBF87D" bold="true" box="[753,775,1928,1952]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">F.</emphasis>
Terminal genitalia (LRP 11294).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8F3698FF88E6721AC6FF75FD77FE54" blockId="16.[151,1436,151,393]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF88E6721AC6FF75FE05FF6C" authorityName="Sakai &amp; Marques &amp; Trevisan" authorityYear="2025" box="[199,473,151,177]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="nataliae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF88E6721AC6FF75FE05FF6C" box="[199,473,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Anthocephalum nataliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF88E6721BDFFF75FDC0FF6C" bold="true" box="[478,540,151,177]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757F1FF88E6721BDFFF75FDC0FF6C" box="[478,540,151,177]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
closely resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF88E67218EDFF75FC47FF6C" authorityName="Boudaya, Neifar &amp; Euzet" authorityYear="2018" box="[748,923,151,177]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="jeancadenati">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF88E67218EDFF75FC47FF6C" box="[748,923,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">A. jeancadenati</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF88E67219A9FF75FBD5FF6C" authorityName="Ruhnke" authorityYear="1994" box="[936,1033,151,177]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="alicae">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF88E67219A9FF75FBD5FF6C" box="[936,1033,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">A. alicae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF88E6721E17FF75FB5EFF6D" authorityName="Herzog &amp; Jensen" authorityYear="2018" box="[1046,1154,151,177]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="gravisi">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF88E6721E17FF75FB5EFF6D" box="[1046,1154,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">A. gravisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF88E6721EBCFF75FA95FF6C" authorityName="Sakai &amp; Marques &amp; Trevisan" authorityYear="2025" box="[1213,1353,151,177]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF88E6721EBCFF75FA95FF6C" box="[1213,1353,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">A. machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in total length, number of proglottids, and number of testes. However,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF88E6721951FF59FC16FF08" authorityName="Sakai &amp; Marques &amp; Trevisan" authorityYear="2025" box="[848,970,187,213]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="nataliae" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF88E6721951FF59FC16FF08" box="[848,970,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">A. nataliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF88E67219D1FF59FBD2FF08" bold="true" box="[976,1038,187,213]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757F1FF88E67219D1FF59FBD2FF08" box="[976,1038,187,213]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
possesses a unique vitelline follicle arrangement: two lateral bands each with one dorsal and one ventral column. This contrasts with
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF88E6721EE4FF3DFA4AFF24" authorityName="Boudaya, Neifar &amp; Euzet" authorityYear="2018" box="[1253,1430,223,249]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="jeancadenati">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF88E6721EE4FF3DFA4AFF24" box="[1253,1430,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">A. jeancadenati</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which possesses two lateral bands with 2–3 dorsal and 2–3 ventral columns each, and
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF88E6721E75FEE1FB05FEC0" authorityName="Ruhnke" authorityYear="1994" box="[1140,1241,259,285]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="alicae">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF88E6721E75FEE1FB05FEC0" box="[1140,1241,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">A. alicae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with two lateral bands each with two dorsal and two ventral columns. Lastly,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D1BFF88E6721931FEC5FB9DFE9C" authorityName="Sakai &amp; Marques &amp; Trevisan" authorityYear="2025" box="[816,1089,295,321]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anthocephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="nataliae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF88E6721931FEC5FB9DFE9C" box="[816,1089,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">Anthocephalum nataliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B944EA8AFF88E6721E44FEC5FB5EFE9C" bold="true" box="[1093,1154,295,321]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757F1FF88E6721E44FEC5FB5EFE9C" box="[1093,1154,295,321]" pageId="16" pageNumber="167" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
differs from
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<mods:name id="B37F5E81CC472AD0649DC7202B15D8F0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="4D7E4DB143A1C7F9EFA7ED5DFF30BA65">
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<mods:namePart>Moyle, Peter B.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Center for Watershed Sciences &amp; Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California, 425 LaRue Road, Davis CA 95626 USA.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:namePart id="44D3CEA10372EF6857AB9A4D3E1F1640">Moyle, Peter B.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="FDF65991FA162354DE56ACC0AF052EB2">Center for Watershed Sciences &amp; Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California, 425 LaRue Road, Davis CA 95626 USA.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="278524AD1B8030DAFDF8E264F7753BEC" type="personal">
<mods:role id="DEDEA4A59C387343EA9CA72ED983D700">
<mods:roleTerm id="8BF4371B17E1B5840592BC3437375288">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Buckmaster, Nicholas</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>California Department of Fish &amp; Wildlife, 787 Main Street, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. Nick. buckmaster @ wildlife. ca. gov Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis CA 95616 USA. syxsu @ ucdavis. edu Corresponding author. pbmoyle @ ucdavis. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4825 - 4865</mods:affiliation>
<mods:namePart id="C1ED9A5408A9275CEF9E8704273A2150">Buckmaster, Nicholas</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D2AE2FE46F81CF56084DACD6A5D16650">California Department of Fish &amp; Wildlife, 787 Main Street, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. Nick. buckmaster @ wildlife. ca. gov Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis CA 95616 USA. syxsu @ ucdavis. edu Corresponding author. pbmoyle @ ucdavis. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4825 - 4865</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Su, Yingxin</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-4825-4865</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">pbmoyle@ucdavis.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:namePart id="E63F82FE3E6AF3069C7FC01D03656EFB">Su, Yingxin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="AF95F207F42AAA01B25F27F18629754A" type="email">pbmoyle@ucdavis.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="68F91B5DD44F2C2E5C2C7A7D8200ACE1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2023-03-06</mods:number>
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<mods:number>5249</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="EDA905F21EFFEF2C88D65AA40F034773">5249</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,1183,1626,1653]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="526" reason="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,1183,1626,1653]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moyle &amp; Buckmaster &amp; Su" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Moyle &amp; Buckmaster &amp; Su" baseAuthorityYear="2023" box="[151,632,1626,1653]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="klamathensis" status="new combination" subSpecies="klamathensis">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,632,1626,1653]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Rhinichthys klamathensis klamathensis</emphasis>
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<heading id="D08FEA2BDE0CFF813FFFF9DBC9A7F9FC" bold="true" box="[151,1183,1626,1653]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="526" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B90C8155DE0CFF813FFFF9DBC9A7F9FC" bold="true" box="[151,1183,1626,1653]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">
<taxonomicName id="4C7826C4DE0CFF813FFFF9DBCF40F9FC" authority="(Evermann and Meek, 1898)" baseAuthorityName="Evermann and Meek" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[151,632,1626,1653]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="klamathensis" status="comb. nov." subSpecies="klamathensis">
<emphasis id="B90C8155DE0CFF813FFFF9DBCF40F9FC" bold="true" box="[151,632,1626,1653]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Rhinichthys klamathensis klamathensis</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23F3C2EDE0CFF813DEFF9DACE67F9FD" box="[647,863,1626,1653]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526" rank="species">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
, Klamath Speckled Dace,
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<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="526" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="25.[151,1183,1626,1689]" box="[151,217,1663,1689]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">
<figureCitation box="[151,217,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="26.[152,255,1615,1639]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,275,1588]" captionTargetId="figure-59@26.[154,1434,272,1592]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 6. Top. Holotype, Lahontan Speckled Dace, from Rutter (1903). Middle, Long Valley Speckled Dace from Whitmore Marsh, 2014, showing life colors. Photo by Jacob Katz. Bottom: Western Speckled Dace, type specimen, from Evermann and Meek (1898)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701369/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
<subSubSection id="C3620ECCDE0CFF813FFFF9FECE0EF952" pageId="25" pageNumber="526" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC75D47DE0CFF813FFFF9FECDE1F910" blockId="25.[151,1183,1626,1689]" box="[151,217,1663,1689]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">
<figureCitation id="134341C2DE0CFF813FFFF9FECDE1F910" box="[151,217,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="26.[152,255,1615,1639]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,275,1588]" captionTargetId="figure-59@26.[154,1434,272,1592]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 6. Top. Holotype, Lahontan Speckled Dace, from Rutter (1903). Middle, Long Valley Speckled Dace from Whitmore Marsh, 2014, showing life colors. Photo by Jacob Katz. Bottom: Western Speckled Dace, type specimen, from Evermann and Meek (1898)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701369/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="25.[151,822,1731,1755]" box="[151,822,1731,1755]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,265,1731,1755]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Synonymy</emphasis>
<paragraph id="8BC75D47DE0CFF813FFFF942CE0EF952" blockId="25.[151,822,1731,1755]" box="[151,822,1731,1755]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">
<emphasis id="B90C8155DE0CFF813FFFF942CC31F952" bold="true" box="[151,265,1731,1755]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Synonymy</emphasis>
. Same as for Western Speckled Dace,
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<emphasis box="[656,816,1731,1755]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">R. klamathensis</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7826C4DE0CFF813DF8F945CE08F952" box="[656,816,1731,1755]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="klamathensis">
<emphasis id="B90C8155DE0CFF813DF8F945CE08F952" box="[656,816,1731,1755]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">R. klamathensis</emphasis>
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.
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<paragraph blockId="25.[151,1437,1801,2008]" box="[151,1124,1801,1828]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">
<materialsCitation box="[151,1117,1801,1828]" location="Western Speckled Dace" pageId="25" pageNumber="526" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,437,1801,1827]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">
<typeStatus box="[151,260,1801,1827]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Holotype</typeStatus>
and
<typeStatus box="[319,437,1801,1827]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">paratypes</typeStatus>
<subSubSection id="C3620ECCDE0CFF813FFFF888C95CF8AD" box="[151,1124,1801,1828]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC75D47DE0CFF813FFFF888C95CF8AD" blockId="25.[151,1437,1801,2008]" box="[151,1124,1801,1828]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">
<materialsCitation id="3B10571ADE0CFF813FFFF888C965F8AA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4046207313" box="[151,1117,1801,1828]" location="Western Speckled Dace" pageId="25" pageNumber="526" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B90C8155DE0CFF813FFFF888CC8DF8AA" bold="true" box="[151,437,1801,1827]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">
<typeStatus id="54C3E3E5DE0CFF813FFFF888CC3CF8AA" box="[151,260,1801,1827]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
and paratypes
</emphasis>
are the same as for
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<location id="8EA70B9CDE0CFF813DFDF88BCE99F8AD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1EC51DE0CFF833FFFF9DBC811F81C:8EA70B9CDE0CFF813DFDF88BCE99F8AD" box="[661,929,1801,1828]" name="Western Speckled Dace" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Western Speckled Dace</location>
,
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<emphasis box="[940,1117,1801,1827]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">R. klamathensis</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B90C8155DE0CFF813CC4F88BC965F8AA" box="[940,1117,1801,1827]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">R. klamathensis</emphasis>
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.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="526" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="25.[151,1437,1801,2008]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,314,1837,1863]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Diagnosis</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="C3620ECCDE0CFF813FAFF8ACC851F85E" pageId="25" pageNumber="526" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BC75D47DE0CFF813FAFF8ACC851F85E" blockId="25.[151,1437,1801,2008]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">
<emphasis id="B90C8155DE0CFF813FAFF8ACCC02F8CE" bold="true" box="[199,314,1837,1863]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.
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<materialsCitation id="3B10571ADE0CFF813E22F8ACC85DF85E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4046207305" county="Western Speckled Dace" location="River Basin" municipality="Klamath River" pageId="25" pageNumber="526" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Oregon and California">
Same as
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<collectingCounty id="62A625CBDE0CFF813ED9F8AFCFF8F8C1" box="[433,704,1837,1864]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Western Speckled Dace</collectingCounty>
,
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<emphasis box="[718,897,1837,1863]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">R. klamathensis</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7826C4DE0CFF813DA6F8AFCEB9F8CE" box="[718,897,1837,1863]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="526" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="klamathensis">
<emphasis id="B90C8155DE0CFF813DA6F8AFCEB9F8CE" box="[718,897,1837,1863]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">R. klamathensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; the Speckled Dace lineage that is abundant in the streams, lakes, and other aquatic habitats in the
<collectingMunicipality box="[740,907,1873,1899]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA3C73DDE0CFF813D8CF8D0CEB3F8E2" box="[740,907,1873,1899]" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">
Klamath
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1EC51DE0CFF833FFFF9DBC811F81C:8EA70B9CDE0CFF813C25F8D0CEB3F8E2" box="[845,907,1873,1899]" county="Western Speckled Dace" municipality="Klamath River" name="River Basin" pageId="25" pageNumber="526" stateProvince="Oregon and California">River</location>
<location id="8EA70B9CDE0CFF813C25F8D0CEB3F8E2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1EC51DE0CFF833FFFF9DBC811F81C:8EA70B9CDE0CFF813C25F8D0CEB3F8E2" box="[845,907,1873,1899]" county="Western Speckled Dace" municipality="Klamath River" name="River Basin" pageId="25" pageNumber="526" stateProvince="Oregon and California">River</location>
</collectingMunicipality>
Basin in
<collectingRegion box="[1018,1275,1873,1899]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Oregon and California</collectingRegion>
<collectingRegion id="49BC93A5DE0CFF813C92F8D0C9C3F8E2" box="[1018,1275,1873,1899]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">Oregon and California</collectingRegion>
, including the
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<location id="8EA70B9CDE0CFF813FFFF8F4CC14F806" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1EC51DE0CFF833FFFF9DBC811F81C:8EA70B9CDE0CFF813FFFF8F4CC14F806" box="[151,300,1909,1935]" county="Western Speckled Dace" municipality="Klamath River" name="Trinity River" pageId="25" pageNumber="526" stateProvince="Oregon and California">Trinity River</location>
in
<collectingRegion box="[341,458,1909,1935]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">California</collectingRegion>
<collectingRegion id="49BC93A5DE0CFF813E3DF8F4CCF2F806" box="[341,458,1909,1935]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="25" pageNumber="526">California</collectingRegion>
. Distinguished statistically by having somewhat smaller scales (scales in lateral line, 68–78; mean 73, n =49) than the other two subspecies (Sacramento, 54–83, mean 70, n=123; Warner, 68–71, mean 69, n=58). Otherwise, it is not distinguishable from other Speckled Dace except by genomics and distribution
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="527" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="26.[151,1437,150,249]" pageId="26" pageNumber="527">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,345,150,176]" pageId="26" pageNumber="527">Description.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Evermann, B. W. &amp; Meek, S. B." box="[351,665,150,177]" pageId="26" pageNumber="527" pagination="15 - 84" refId="ref27663" refString="Evermann, B. W. &amp; Meek, S. B. (1898) A report upon salmon investigations in the Columbia River and elsewhere on the Pacific Coast in 1896. Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission, 17, 15 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 35601" type="journal article" year="1898">Evermann and Meek (1898)</bibRefCitation>
<subSubSection id="C3620ECCDE0FFF823FAFFF17CCA5FF71" pageId="26" pageNumber="527" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC75D47DE0FFF823FAFFF17CCA5FF71" blockId="26.[151,1437,150,249]" pageId="26" pageNumber="527">
<emphasis id="B90C8155DE0FFF823FAFFF17CC61FF39" bold="true" box="[199,345,150,176]" pageId="26" pageNumber="527">Description.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE920B6DE0FFF823E37FF16CFA1FF39" author="Evermann, B. W. &amp; Meek, S. B." box="[351,665,150,177]" pageId="26" pageNumber="527" pagination="15 - 84" refId="ref27663" refString="Evermann, B. W. &amp; Meek, S. B. (1898) A report upon salmon investigations in the Columbia River and elsewhere on the Pacific Coast in 1896. Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission, 17, 15 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 35601" type="journal article" year="1898">Evermann and Meek (1898)</bibRefCitation>
described this cryptic subspecies as
<taxonomicName authorityName="Evermann and Meek" authorityYear="1898" box="[1075,1305,150,177]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Agosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="527" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="klamathensis">
<emphasis box="[1075,1305,150,177]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="527">Agosia klamathensis</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7826C4DE0FFF823B5BFF16C821FF39" authorityName="Evermann and Meek" authorityYear="1898" box="[1075,1305,150,177]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Agosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="527" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="klamathensis">
<emphasis id="B90C8155DE0FFF823B5BFF16C821FF39" box="[1075,1305,150,177]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="527">Agosia klamathensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Therefore, the description quoted in the Western Speckled Dace account is also for this subspecies, and it applies to the other two subspecies as well.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701369" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7701369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701369/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="527" startId="26.[152,255,1615,1639]" targetBox="[154,1434,275,1588]" targetPageId="26">
<paragraph blockId="26.[151,1437,1615,1712]" pageId="26" pageNumber="527">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,279,1615,1640]" pageId="26" pageNumber="527">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<caption id="DF070DCFDE0FFF823FF0F9CECC1AF939" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7701369" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7701369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7701369/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="527" startId="26.[152,255,1615,1639]" targetBox="[154,1434,275,1588]" targetPageId="26">
<paragraph id="8BC75D47DE0FFF823FF0F9CECC1AF939" blockId="26.[151,1437,1615,1712]" pageId="26" pageNumber="527">
<emphasis id="B90C8155DE0FFF823FF0F9CECC2FF9E1" bold="true" box="[152,279,1615,1640]" pageId="26" pageNumber="527">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Top. Holotype, Lahontan Speckled Dace, from
<bibRefCitation author="Rutter, C." box="[761,900,1616,1640]" pageId="26" pageNumber="527" pagination="145 - 148" refId="ref30655" refString="Rutter, C. (1903) Notes on fishes from streams and lakes of northeastern California not tributary to the Sacramento basin. United States Fish Commission Bulletin, 22, 145 - 148. [1902]" type="journal article" year="1903">Rutter (1903)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE920B6DE0FFF823D91F9D1CEBCF9E1" author="Rutter, C." box="[761,900,1616,1640]" pageId="26" pageNumber="527" pagination="145 - 148" refId="ref30655" refString="Rutter, C. (1903) Notes on fishes from streams and lakes of northeastern California not tributary to the Sacramento basin. United States Fish Commission Bulletin, 22, 145 - 148. [1902]" type="journal article" year="1903">Rutter (1903)</bibRefCitation>
. Middle, Long Valley Speckled Dace from Whitmore Marsh, 2014, showing life colors. Photo by Jacob Katz. Bottom: Western Speckled Dace, type specimen, from
<bibRefCitation author="Evermann, B. W. &amp; Meek, S. B." pageId="26" pageNumber="527" pagination="15 - 84" refId="ref27663" refString="Evermann, B. W. &amp; Meek, S. B. (1898) A report upon salmon investigations in the Columbia River and elsewhere on the Pacific Coast in 1896. Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission, 17, 15 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 35601" type="journal article" year="1898">Evermann and Meek (1898)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE920B6DE0FFF823A60F9F5CC26F939" author="Evermann, B. W. &amp; Meek, S. B." pageId="26" pageNumber="527" pagination="15 - 84" refId="ref27663" refString="Evermann, B. W. &amp; Meek, S. B. (1898) A report upon salmon investigations in the Columbia River and elsewhere on the Pacific Coast in 1896. Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission, 17, 15 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 35601" type="journal article" year="1898">Evermann and Meek (1898)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="528" pageId="26" pageNumber="527" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="26.[151,1437,1758,1928]" pageId="26" pageNumber="527">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,345,1758,1784]" pageId="26" pageNumber="527">Distribution</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="C3620ECCDE0FFF833FAFF95FCDCAF934" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="528" pageId="26" pageNumber="527" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC75D47DE0FFF823FAFF95FCDE7F801" blockId="26.[151,1437,1758,1928]" pageId="26" pageNumber="527">
<emphasis id="B90C8155DE0FFF823FAFF95FCC61F971" bold="true" box="[199,345,1758,1784]" pageId="26" pageNumber="527">Distribution</emphasis>
. The Klamath Speckled Dace is found throughout the Klamath Basin in
<collectingRegion box="[1175,1259,1758,1784]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="26" pageNumber="527">Oregon</collectingRegion>
<collectingRegion id="49BC93A5DE0FFF823BFFF95FC9D3F971" box="[1175,1259,1758,1784]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="26" pageNumber="527">Oregon</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion box="[1316,1432,1758,1784]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="26" pageNumber="527">California</collectingRegion>
<collectingRegion id="49BC93A5DE0FFF823A4CF95FC8A0F971" box="[1316,1432,1758,1784]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="26" pageNumber="527">California</collectingRegion>
, including the Klamath and Trinity rivers and tributaries, as well as in the Rogue River to the north (Wiesenfeld
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="527">et al.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B90C8155DE0FFF823AE0F882CD8CF8C9" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="527">et al.</emphasis>
2017). It is also widespread in the upper Klamath Basin, including Upper Klamath Lake. The Speckled Dace in the Eel River, to the south of the Klamath Basin, is an introduced population of
<emphasis box="[1053,1104,1866,1892]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="527">R. k.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="(Kinziger et al. 2011)" baseAuthorityName="Kinziger" baseAuthorityYear="2011" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Agosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="527" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="klamathensis">
<emphasis box="[1111,1257,1866,1892]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="527">klamathensis</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7826C4DE0FFF823B75F8CACDE3F801" authority="(Kinziger et al. 2011)" baseAuthorityName="Kinziger" baseAuthorityYear="2011" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Agosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="527" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="klamathensis" subSpecies="klamathensis">
<emphasis id="B90C8155DE0FFF823B75F8CAC968F8ED" box="[1053,1104,1866,1892]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="527">R. k.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B90C8155DE0FFF823B3FF8CBC9D1F8ED" box="[1111,1257,1866,1892]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="527">klamathensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Kinziger, A. P. &amp; Nakamoto, R. J. &amp; Anderson, E. C. &amp; Harvey, B. C." pageId="26" pageNumber="527" pagination="73 - 84" refId="ref29117" refString="Kinziger, A. P., Nakamoto, R. J., Anderson, E. C. &amp; Harvey, B. C. (2011) Small founding number and low genetic diversity in an introduced species exhibiting limited invasion success (Speckled Dace, Rhinichthys osculus). Ecology and Evolution, 1 (1), 73 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ece 3.8" type="journal article" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE920B6DE0FFF823B90F8CBCDEBF801" author="Kinziger, A. P. &amp; Nakamoto, R. J. &amp; Anderson, E. C. &amp; Harvey, B. C." pageId="26" pageNumber="527" pagination="73 - 84" refId="ref29117" refString="Kinziger, A. P., Nakamoto, R. J., Anderson, E. C. &amp; Harvey, B. C. (2011) Small founding number and low genetic diversity in an introduced species exhibiting limited invasion success (Speckled Dace, Rhinichthys osculus). Ecology and Evolution, 1 (1), 73 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ece 3.8" type="journal article" year="2011">
Kinziger
<emphasis box="[1380,1437,1866,1892]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="527">et al.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B90C8155DE0FFF823A0CF8CAC8A5F8ED" box="[1380,1437,1866,1892]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="527">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="26.[151,1436,1974,2036]" lastBlockId="27.[151,1437,151,1941]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="528" pageId="26" pageNumber="527">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,477,1974,2000]" pageId="26" pageNumber="527">Geology/zoogeography.</emphasis>
<paragraph id="8BC75D47DE0FFF833FAFF837CC70FE7C" blockId="26.[151,1436,1974,2036]" lastBlockId="27.[151,1437,151,1941]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="528" pageId="26" pageNumber="527">
<emphasis id="B90C8155DE0FFF823FAFF837CCE5F859" bold="true" box="[199,477,1974,2000]" pageId="26" pageNumber="527">Geology/zoogeography.</emphasis>
The geologic history of the Klamath region is complex. The Snake River, now a tributary to the Columbia River, was once a major river that originated in the
<collectingRegion box="[1019,1162,2010,2036]" country="United States of America" name="Idaho" pageId="26" pageNumber="527">Idaho region</collectingRegion>
<collectingRegion id="49BC93A5DE0FFF823C93F85BC9B2F87D" box="[1019,1162,2010,2036]" country="United States of America" name="Idaho" pageId="26" pageNumber="527">Idaho region</collectingRegion>
and flowed to the ocean via the ancestral Klamath River during the Pliocene (
<bibRefCitation author="Minckley, W. L. &amp; Hendrickson, D. A. &amp; Bond, C. E." box="[768,1014,151,177]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" pagination="519 - 614" refId="ref29499" refString="Minckley, W. L., Hendrickson, D. A. &amp; Bond, C. E. (1986) Geography of western North America freshwater fishes: Description and relationship to intercontinental tectonism. In: Hocutt, C. H. &amp; Wiley, E. O. (Eds.), The Zoogeography of North American Freshwater Fishes. New York, John Wiley and Sons, pp. 519 - 614." type="book chapter" year="1986">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE920B6DE0EFF833C68FF16CECEFF38" author="Minckley, W. L. &amp; Hendrickson, D. A. &amp; Bond, C. E." box="[768,1014,151,177]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" pagination="519 - 614" refId="ref29499" refString="Minckley, W. L., Hendrickson, D. A. &amp; Bond, C. E. (1986) Geography of western North America freshwater fishes: Description and relationship to intercontinental tectonism. In: Hocutt, C. H. &amp; Wiley, E. O. (Eds.), The Zoogeography of North American Freshwater Fishes. New York, John Wiley and Sons, pp. 519 - 614." type="book chapter" year="1986">
Minckley
<emphasis box="[887,946,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">et al.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B90C8155DE0EFF833C1FFF16CE8AFF38" box="[887,946,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">et al.</emphasis>
1986
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, G. R. &amp; Chow, J. &amp; Unmack, P. J. &amp; Markle, D. F. &amp; Dowling, T. E." box="[1028,1226,151,177]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref31441" refString="Smith, G. R., Chow, J., Unmack, P. J., Markle, D. F. &amp; Dowling, T. E. (2017) Evolution of the Rhinichthys osculus complex (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in Western North America. Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Zoology University of Michigan, 204 (2), 1 - 83" type="journal article" year="2017">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE920B6DE0EFF833B6CFF16C9F2FF38" author="Smith, G. R. &amp; Chow, J. &amp; Unmack, P. J. &amp; Markle, D. F. &amp; Dowling, T. E." box="[1028,1226,151,177]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref31441" refString="Smith, G. R., Chow, J., Unmack, P. J., Markle, D. F. &amp; Dowling, T. E. (2017) Evolution of the Rhinichthys osculus complex (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in Western North America. Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Zoology University of Michigan, 204 (2), 1 - 83" type="journal article" year="2017">
Smith
<emphasis box="[1104,1156,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">et al</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B90C8155DE0EFF833B38FF16C9BCFF38" box="[1104,1156,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">et al</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
). When the Snake broke through to the Klamath, it carried with it the lake fauna of the Great Basin, which gave rise to the presentday endemic, freshwater-dispersing fish fauna (12 species) of the upper Klamath basin (
<bibRefCitation author="Moyle, P. B." box="[1142,1285,223,249]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" refId="ref29646" refString="Moyle, P. B. (2002) Inland Fishes of California, Revised and Expanded. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 504 pp." type="book" year="2002">Moyle 2002</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE920B6DE0EFF833B1EFF5EC83DFF70" author="Moyle, P. B." box="[1142,1285,223,249]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" refId="ref29646" refString="Moyle, P. B. (2002) Inland Fishes of California, Revised and Expanded. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 504 pp." type="book" year="2002">Moyle 2002</bibRefCitation>
), presumably including Speckled Dace.
<bibRefCitation author="Pfrender, M. E. &amp; Hicks, J. &amp; Lynch, M." box="[455,758,259,285]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" pagination="490 - 502" refId="ref30505" refString="Pfrender, M. E., Hicks, J. &amp; Lynch, M. (2004) Biogeographic patterns and current distribution of molecular-genetic variation among populations of Speckled Dace, Rhinichthys osculus (Girard). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 30 (3), 490 - 502. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 1055 - 7903 (03) 00242 - 2" type="journal article" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE920B6DE0EFF833EAFFE82CFCEFE94" author="Pfrender, M. E. &amp; Hicks, J. &amp; Lynch, M." box="[455,758,259,285]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" pagination="490 - 502" refId="ref30505" refString="Pfrender, M. E., Hicks, J. &amp; Lynch, M. (2004) Biogeographic patterns and current distribution of molecular-genetic variation among populations of Speckled Dace, Rhinichthys osculus (Girard). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 30 (3), 490 - 502. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 1055 - 7903 (03) 00242 - 2" type="journal article" year="2004">
Pfrender
<emphasis box="[562,621,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">et al.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B90C8155DE0EFF833D5AFE82CF55FE94" box="[562,621,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">et al.</emphasis>
(2004:498)
</bibRefCitation>
, using a molecular clock based on mtDNA from Speckled Dace from the major river basins of
<collectingRegion box="[573,661,295,321]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Oregon</collectingRegion>
<collectingRegion id="49BC93A5DE0EFF833D55FEA6CFADFEC8" box="[573,661,295,321]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Oregon</collectingRegion>
, speculated that “…the levels of sequence divergence in
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[1318,1436,295,321]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="osculus">
<emphasis box="[1318,1436,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">R. osculus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7826C4DE0EFF833A4EFEA6C8A4FEC8" baseAuthorityName="Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[1318,1436,295,321]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="osculus">
<emphasis id="B90C8155DE0EFF833A4EFEA6C8A4FEC8" box="[1318,1436,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">R. osculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
among these major basins are more consistent with a Pliocene or Miocene sundering of gene flow between major basins. Miocene isolation of these river systems is substantially earlier than has previously been suggested.” They thought such ancient divergence could explain the genetic diversity found in dace within the Klamath basin, a diversity that was also documented by Wiesenfeld
<emphasis box="[738,797,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">et al.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B90C8155DE0EFF833D8AFE36CE25FE58" box="[738,797,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">et al.</emphasis>
(2017). See also the geology discussion under Western Speckled Dace.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">
<paragraph id="8BC75D47DE0EFF833FAFFE7ECF67FD0C" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">
Geographically, Klamath Speckled Dace co-occur with other fish species endemic to the Klamath watershed. However, the endemic fishes in the upper watershed (above Klamath Falls) are different from those in the lower river and it appears that dace from the two regions diverge as well, a situation noted also for Marbled Sculpin,
<taxonomicName authority="(Daniels and Moyle 1984)" baseAuthorityName="Daniels and Moyle" baseAuthorityYear="1984" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cottidae" genus="Cottus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="klamathensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Cottus klamathensis</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7826C4DE0EFF833A3BFDC6CF62FD0C" authority="(Daniels and Moyle 1984)" baseAuthorityName="Daniels and Moyle" baseAuthorityYear="1984" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cottidae" genus="Cottus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="klamathensis">
<emphasis id="B90C8155DE0EFF833A3BFDC6CC11FD0C" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Cottus klamathensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Daniels, R. A. &amp; Moyle, P. B." box="[312,594,619,645]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" pagination="949 - 959" refId="ref27398" refString="Daniels, R. A. &amp; Moyle, P. B. (1984) Geographic variation and a taxonomic reappraisal of the Marbled Sculpin, Cottus klamathensis. Copeia, 1984, 949 - 959. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1445339" type="journal article" year="1984">Daniels and Moyle 1984</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE920B6DE0EFF833E50FDEACF6AFD0C" author="Daniels, R. A. &amp; Moyle, P. B." box="[312,594,619,645]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" pagination="949 - 959" refId="ref27398" refString="Daniels, R. A. &amp; Moyle, P. B. (1984) Geographic variation and a taxonomic reappraisal of the Marbled Sculpin, Cottus klamathensis. Copeia, 1984, 949 - 959. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1445339" type="journal article" year="1984">Daniels and Moyle 1984</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,427,654,680]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Genetics/genomics.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation collectionCode="BS" county="Sacramento" location="Goose Lake" municipality="Pit River" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California and Oregon">
<paragraph id="8BC75D47DE0EFF833FAFFD0FCF1DFC40" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">
<emphasis id="B90C8155DE0EFF833FAFFD0FCC93FD21" bold="true" box="[199,427,654,680]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Genetics/genomics.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B10571ADE0EFF833EDAFD0ECF19FC40" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4046207311" collectionCode="BS" county="Sacramento" location="Goose Lake" municipality="Pit River" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California and Oregon">
The genomic study of
<bibRefCitation author="Su, Y. &amp; Moyle, P. B. &amp; Campbell, M. A. &amp; Finger, A. J. &amp; O'Rourke, S. &amp; Baumsteiger, J. &amp; Miller, M. R." box="[686,860,655,681]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" pagination="695 - 710" refId="ref32073" refString="Su, Y., Moyle, P. B., Campbell, M. A., Finger, A. J., O'Rourke, S., Baumsteiger, J. &amp; Miller, M. R. (2022) Population genomic analysis of the Speckled Dace species complex identifies three distinct lineages in California. Transactions of American Fisheries Society, 151, 695 - 710. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / tafs. 10388" type="journal article" year="2022">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE920B6DE0EFF833DC6FD0ECE64FD20" author="Su, Y. &amp; Moyle, P. B. &amp; Campbell, M. A. &amp; Finger, A. J. &amp; O'Rourke, S. &amp; Baumsteiger, J. &amp; Miller, M. R." box="[686,860,655,681]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" pagination="695 - 710" refId="ref32073" refString="Su, Y., Moyle, P. B., Campbell, M. A., Finger, A. J., O'Rourke, S., Baumsteiger, J. &amp; Miller, M. R. (2022) Population genomic analysis of the Speckled Dace species complex identifies three distinct lineages in California. Transactions of American Fisheries Society, 151, 695 - 710. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / tafs. 10388" type="journal article" year="2022">
Su
<emphasis box="[722,779,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">et al.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B90C8155DE0EFF833DBAFD0ECE33FD20" box="[722,779,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
</bibRefCitation>
unveiled the three lineages within
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<emphasis box="[1252,1269,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">R</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7826C4DE0EFF833B8CFD0EC8ADFD20" baseAuthorityName="Daniels and Moyle" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[1252,1429,655,681]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cottidae" genus="Cottus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="klamathensis">
<emphasis id="B90C8155DE0EFF833B8CFD0EC9CDFD21" box="[1252,1269,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">R</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[1283,1429,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">klamathensis</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B90C8155DE0EFF833A6BFD0EC8ADFD20" box="[1283,1429,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">klamathensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as discussed. Within the Klamath drainage, Wiesenfeld
<emphasis box="[762,816,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">et al.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B90C8155DE0EFF833D92FD32CE08FD44" box="[762,816,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">et al.</emphasis>
(2017:8), using analyses of microsatellites and mtDNA, found that The Klamath–Trinity Basin Speckled Dace were resolved as nearly monophyletic [bootstrap (
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<collectionCode id="ED69C582DE0EFF833A53FD56C867FD78" box="[1339,1375,727,753]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">BS</collectionCode>
) 77], and exhibited a sister group relationship with nearby basins in
<collectingRegion box="[862,1116,763,789]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">California and Oregon</collectingRegion>
<collectingRegion id="49BC93A5DE0EFF833C36FD7AC964FC9C" box="[862,1116,763,789]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">California and Oregon</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCounty box="[1132,1269,763,789]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Sacramento</collectingCounty>
<collectingCounty id="62A625CBDE0EFF833B04FD7AC9CDFC9C" box="[1132,1269,763,789]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Sacramento</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[1281,1384,763,789]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Pit River</collectingMunicipality>
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA3C73DDE0EFF833A69FD7AC850FC9C" box="[1281,1384,763,789]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Pit River</collectingMunicipality>
, and
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<location id="8EA70B9CDE0EFF833FFFFC9ECC1BFCB0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1EC51DE0CFF833FFFF9DBC811F81C:8EA70B9CDE0EFF833FFFFC9ECC1BFCB0" box="[151,291,799,825]" county="Sacramento" municipality="Pit River" name="Goose Lake" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" stateProvince="California and Oregon">Goose Lake</location>
).
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1EC51DE0CFF833FFFF9DBC811F81C:8EA70B9CDE0EFF833E5EFC9ECF37FCB0" box="[310,527,799,825]" county="Sacramento" municipality="Pit River" name="The Klamath River" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" stateProvince="California and Oregon">The Klamath River</location>
<location id="8EA70B9CDE0EFF833E5EFC9ECF37FCB0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1EC51DE0CFF833FFFF9DBC811F81C:8EA70B9CDE0EFF833E5EFC9ECF37FCB0" box="[310,527,799,825]" county="Sacramento" municipality="Pit River" name="The Klamath River" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" stateProvince="California and Oregon">The Klamath River</location>
and
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1EC51DE0CFF833FFFF9DBC811F81C:8EA70B9CDE0EFF833D2EFC9ECFE1FCB0" box="[582,729,799,825]" county="Sacramento" municipality="Pit River" name="Trinity River" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" stateProvince="California and Oregon">Trinity River</location>
<location id="8EA70B9CDE0EFF833D2EFC9ECFE1FCB0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1EC51DE0CFF833FFFF9DBC811F81C:8EA70B9CDE0EFF833D2EFC9ECFE1FCB0" box="[582,729,799,825]" county="Sacramento" municipality="Pit River" name="Trinity River" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" stateProvince="California and Oregon">Trinity River</location>
populations, however, were found to be sufficiently distinct to suggest the two rivers were once isolated from one another, with their connection being fairly recent.
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1EC51DE0CFF833FFFF9DBC811F81C:8EA70B9CDE0EFF833A60FCC2C80CFCD4" box="[1288,1332,835,861]" county="Sacramento" municipality="Pit River" name="The" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" stateProvince="California and Oregon">The</location>
<location id="8EA70B9CDE0EFF833A60FCC2C80CFCD4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1EC51DE0CFF833FFFF9DBC811F81C:8EA70B9CDE0EFF833A60FCC2C80CFCD4" box="[1288,1332,835,861]" county="Sacramento" municipality="Pit River" name="The" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" stateProvince="California and Oregon">The</location>
presence of apparent hybrids in the region where the two rivers meet today also supports this conclusion (
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1EC51DE0CFF833FFFF9DBC811F81C:8EA70B9CDE0EFF833BB3FCE6C863FC08" box="[1243,1371,871,897]" county="Sacramento" municipality="Pit River" name="Wiesenfeld" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" stateProvince="California and Oregon">Wiesenfeld</location>
<emphasis box="[1379,1437,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">et al.</emphasis>
<location id="8EA70B9CDE0EFF833BB3FCE6C863FC08" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1EC51DE0CFF833FFFF9DBC811F81C:8EA70B9CDE0EFF833BB3FCE6C863FC08" box="[1243,1371,871,897]" county="Sacramento" municipality="Pit River" name="Wiesenfeld" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" stateProvince="California and Oregon">Wiesenfeld</location>
<emphasis id="B90C8155DE0EFF833A0BFCE6C8A5FC08" box="[1379,1437,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">et al.</emphasis>
2017). A genetically distinct population is also found in
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1EC51DE0CFF833FFFF9DBC811F81C:8EA70B9CDE0EFF833C6DFC0ACEABFC2C" box="[773,915,907,933]" county="Sacramento" municipality="Pit River" name="Jenny Creek" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" stateProvince="California and Oregon">Jenny Creek</location>
<location id="8EA70B9CDE0EFF833C6DFC0ACEABFC2C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1EC51DE0CFF833FFFF9DBC811F81C:8EA70B9CDE0EFF833C6DFC0ACEABFC2C" box="[773,915,907,933]" county="Sacramento" municipality="Pit River" name="Jenny Creek" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" stateProvince="California and Oregon">Jenny Creek</location>
, a tributary to the
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1EC51DE0CFF833FFFF9DBC811F81C:8EA70B9CDE0EFF833B33FC0AC9C7FC2C" box="[1115,1279,907,933]" county="Sacramento" municipality="Pit River" name="Klamath River" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" stateProvince="California and Oregon">Klamath River</location>
<location id="8EA70B9CDE0EFF833B33FC0AC9C7FC2C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1EC51DE0CFF833FFFF9DBC811F81C:8EA70B9CDE0EFF833B33FC0AC9C7FC2C" box="[1115,1279,907,933]" county="Sacramento" municipality="Pit River" name="Klamath River" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" stateProvince="California and Oregon">Klamath River</location>
that is largely in
<collectingRegion box="[180,264,943,969]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Oregon</collectingRegion>
<collectingRegion id="49BC93A5DE0EFF833FDCFC2ECC30FC40" box="[180,264,943,969]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Oregon</collectingRegion>
(
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1EC51DE0CFF833FFFF9DBC811F81C:8EA70B9CDE0EFF833E7EFC2ECCAEFC40" box="[278,406,943,969]" county="Sacramento" municipality="Pit River" name="Wiesenfeld" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" stateProvince="California and Oregon">Wiesenfeld</location>
<emphasis box="[414,470,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">et al.</emphasis>
<location id="8EA70B9CDE0EFF833E7EFC2ECCAEFC40" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1EC51DE0CFF833FFFF9DBC811F81C:8EA70B9CDE0EFF833E7EFC2ECCAEFC40" box="[278,406,943,969]" county="Sacramento" municipality="Pit River" name="Wiesenfeld" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" stateProvince="California and Oregon">Wiesenfeld</location>
<emphasis id="B90C8155DE0EFF833EF6FC2ECCEEFC40" box="[414,470,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">et al.</emphasis>
2017)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">
<bibRefCitation author="Pfrender, M. E. &amp; Hicks, J. &amp; Lynch, M." box="[199,433,979,1005]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" pagination="490 - 502" refId="ref30505" refString="Pfrender, M. E., Hicks, J. &amp; Lynch, M. (2004) Biogeographic patterns and current distribution of molecular-genetic variation among populations of Speckled Dace, Rhinichthys osculus (Girard). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 30 (3), 490 - 502. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 1055 - 7903 (03) 00242 - 2" type="journal article" year="2004">
<paragraph id="8BC75D47DE0EFF833FAFFC52CF0CFBF4" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE920B6DE0EFF833FAFFC52CC89FC64" author="Pfrender, M. E. &amp; Hicks, J. &amp; Lynch, M." box="[199,433,979,1005]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" pagination="490 - 502" refId="ref30505" refString="Pfrender, M. E., Hicks, J. &amp; Lynch, M. (2004) Biogeographic patterns and current distribution of molecular-genetic variation among populations of Speckled Dace, Rhinichthys osculus (Girard). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 30 (3), 490 - 502. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 1055 - 7903 (03) 00242 - 2" type="journal article" year="2004">
Pfrender
<emphasis box="[303,352,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">et al</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B90C8155DE0EFF833E47FC52CC58FC64" box="[303,352,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">et al</emphasis>
(2004)
</bibRefCitation>
used mtDNA to compare dace from the upper Klamath and Rogue rivers with those from two tributaries to the Columbia River in
<collectingRegion box="[625,713,1015,1041]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Oregon</collectingRegion>
<collectingRegion id="49BC93A5DE0EFF833D19FC76CFF1FB98" box="[625,713,1015,1041]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Oregon</collectingRegion>
. They found species-level differences between dace in the two great watersheds, with estimated divergence times of 3.9 to 9.6 million years ago. Within the upper Klamath basin, Pferender
<emphasis box="[267,323,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">et al.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B90C8155DE0EFF833E63FBBECC7BFBD0" box="[267,323,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">et al.</emphasis>
(2004) found considerable genetic structure but of more recent origin (&lt;1 million years), including Jenny Creek as a distinct population.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">
<paragraph id="8BC75D47DE0EFF833FAFFB06CCA8FB60" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">
Overall, analysis of mtDNA data of dace from their entire range showed that dace from the Klamath, Sacramento, and Warner basins share much of the same lineage; together they form a separate lineage within the Northwest clade of
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, G. R. &amp; Chow, J. &amp; Unmack, P. J. &amp; Markle, D. F. &amp; Dowling, T. E." box="[182,396,1231,1257]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref31441" refString="Smith, G. R., Chow, J., Unmack, P. J., Markle, D. F. &amp; Dowling, T. E. (2017) Evolution of the Rhinichthys osculus complex (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in Western North America. Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Zoology University of Michigan, 204 (2), 1 - 83" type="journal article" year="2017">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE920B6DE0EFF833FDEFB4ECCB4FB60" author="Smith, G. R. &amp; Chow, J. &amp; Unmack, P. J. &amp; Markle, D. F. &amp; Dowling, T. E." box="[182,396,1231,1257]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref31441" refString="Smith, G. R., Chow, J., Unmack, P. J., Markle, D. F. &amp; Dowling, T. E. (2017) Evolution of the Rhinichthys osculus complex (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in Western North America. Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Zoology University of Michigan, 204 (2), 1 - 83" type="journal article" year="2017">
Smith
<emphasis box="[255,312,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">et al.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B90C8155DE0EFF833F97FB4ECC00FB60" box="[255,312,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">et al.</emphasis>
(2017)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,264,1267,1293]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Note.</emphasis>
<paragraph id="8BC75D47DE0EFF833FAFFB72CDCAF934" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">
<emphasis id="B90C8155DE0EFF833FAFFB72CC30FA84" bold="true" box="[199,264,1267,1293]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Note.</emphasis>
The Klamath Speckled Dace was originally described as a species that differed from other Speckled Dace by having finer scales (
<bibRefCitation author="Evermann, B. W. &amp; Meek, S. B." box="[480,789,1303,1329]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" pagination="15 - 84" refId="ref27663" refString="Evermann, B. W. &amp; Meek, S. B. (1898) A report upon salmon investigations in the Columbia River and elsewhere on the Pacific Coast in 1896. Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission, 17, 15 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 35601" type="journal article" year="1898">Evermann and Meek 1898</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE920B6DE0EFF833E88FA96CE2DFAB8" author="Evermann, B. W. &amp; Meek, S. B." box="[480,789,1303,1329]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" pagination="15 - 84" refId="ref27663" refString="Evermann, B. W. &amp; Meek, S. B. (1898) A report upon salmon investigations in the Columbia River and elsewhere on the Pacific Coast in 1896. Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission, 17, 15 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 35601" type="journal article" year="1898">Evermann and Meek 1898</bibRefCitation>
). Subsequently, it retained its identity as a subspecies,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shapovalov and Dill" authorityYear="1950" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="osculus" subSpecies="klamathensis">R. osculus klamathensis</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B90C8155DE0EFF833AEBFA96CCAAFADC" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">
<taxonomicName id="4C7826C4DE0EFF833AEBFA96CCB6FADC" authorityName="Shapovalov and Dill" authorityYear="1950" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Rhinichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="osculus" subSpecies="klamathensis">R. osculus klamathensis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
This is not surprising given that the Klamath Basin has long been recognized as an isolated basin which supports high endemism in its fishes (
<bibRefCitation author="Moyle, P. B." box="[746,895,1375,1401]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" refId="ref29646" refString="Moyle, P. B. (2002) Inland Fishes of California, Revised and Expanded. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 504 pp." type="book" year="2002">Moyle 2002</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE920B6DE0EFF833D82FADECE47FAF0" author="Moyle, P. B." box="[746,895,1375,1401]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" refId="ref29646" refString="Moyle, P. B. (2002) Inland Fishes of California, Revised and Expanded. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 504 pp." type="book" year="2002">Moyle 2002</bibRefCitation>
). The Klamath Speckled Dace has retained its identity through the region’s complex geologic history, enduring the rise of mountain ranges, high levels of vulcanism, and invading interior rivers (
<bibRefCitation author="Minckley, W. L. &amp; Hendrickson, D. A. &amp; Bond, C. E." box="[634,892,1447,1473]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" pagination="519 - 614" refId="ref29499" refString="Minckley, W. L., Hendrickson, D. A. &amp; Bond, C. E. (1986) Geography of western North America freshwater fishes: Description and relationship to intercontinental tectonism. In: Hocutt, C. H. &amp; Wiley, E. O. (Eds.), The Zoogeography of North American Freshwater Fishes. New York, John Wiley and Sons, pp. 519 - 614." type="book chapter" year="1986">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE920B6DE0EFF833D12FA26CE44FA48" author="Minckley, W. L. &amp; Hendrickson, D. A. &amp; Bond, C. E." box="[634,892,1447,1473]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" pagination="519 - 614" refId="ref29499" refString="Minckley, W. L., Hendrickson, D. A. &amp; Bond, C. E. (1986) Geography of western North America freshwater fishes: Description and relationship to intercontinental tectonism. In: Hocutt, C. H. &amp; Wiley, E. O. (Eds.), The Zoogeography of North American Freshwater Fishes. New York, John Wiley and Sons, pp. 519 - 614." type="book chapter" year="1986">
Minckley
<emphasis box="[757,819,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">et al.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B90C8155DE0EFF833D9DFA26CE0BFA48" box="[757,819,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">et al.</emphasis>
1986
</bibRefCitation>
). This complex geologic history has kept the Klamath fish fauna isolated and distinct. In the upper Klamath basin, Speckled Dace live with other endemic fishes that had their ancestors in the Great Basin. Even in the lower Klamath River, which is too swift for the lake-adapted fishes of the upper basin, it co-occurs with the endemic Klamath Smallscale Sucker,
<taxonomicName authority="(Moyle 2002)" baseAuthorityName="Moyle" baseAuthorityYear="2002" class="Actinopterygii" family="Catostomidae" genus="Catostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rimiculus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Catostomus rimiculus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7826C4DE0EFF833A7CF992CC8FF9D8" authority="(Moyle 2002)" baseAuthorityName="Moyle" baseAuthorityYear="2002" class="Actinopterygii" family="Catostomidae" genus="Catostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rimiculus">
<emphasis id="B90C8155DE0EFF833A7CF992CC3CF9D8" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Catostomus rimiculus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Moyle, P. B." box="[280,431,1591,1617]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" refId="ref29646" refString="Moyle, P. B. (2002) Inland Fishes of California, Revised and Expanded. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 504 pp." type="book" year="2002">Moyle 2002</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE920B6DE0EFF833E70F9B6CC97F9D8" author="Moyle, P. B." box="[280,431,1591,1617]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" refId="ref29646" refString="Moyle, P. B. (2002) Inland Fishes of California, Revised and Expanded. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 504 pp." type="book" year="2002">Moyle 2002</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Given the genetic structure that Wiesenfeld
<emphasis box="[987,1050,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">et al.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B90C8155DE0EFF833CB3F9B6C922F9D8" box="[987,1050,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">et al.</emphasis>
(2017) found in the basin, it is possible that dace populations from the upper and lower river should be treated as separate subspecies.
<bibRefCitation author="Su, Y. &amp; Moyle, P. B. &amp; Campbell, M. A. &amp; Finger, A. J. &amp; O'Rourke, S. &amp; Baumsteiger, J. &amp; Miller, M. R." pageId="27" pageNumber="528" pagination="695 - 710" refId="ref32073" refString="Su, Y., Moyle, P. B., Campbell, M. A., Finger, A. J., O'Rourke, S., Baumsteiger, J. &amp; Miller, M. R. (2022) Population genomic analysis of the Speckled Dace species complex identifies three distinct lineages in California. Transactions of American Fisheries Society, 151, 695 - 710. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / tafs. 10388" type="journal article" year="2022">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE920B6DE0EFF833A55F9DACDDCF910" author="Su, Y. &amp; Moyle, P. B. &amp; Campbell, M. A. &amp; Finger, A. J. &amp; O'Rourke, S. &amp; Baumsteiger, J. &amp; Miller, M. R." pageId="27" pageNumber="528" pagination="695 - 710" refId="ref32073" refString="Su, Y., Moyle, P. B., Campbell, M. A., Finger, A. J., O'Rourke, S., Baumsteiger, J. &amp; Miller, M. R. (2022) Population genomic analysis of the Speckled Dace species complex identifies three distinct lineages in California. Transactions of American Fisheries Society, 151, 695 - 710. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / tafs. 10388" type="journal article" year="2022">
Su
<emphasis box="[1379,1436,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">et al.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B90C8155DE0EFF833A0BF9DAC8A4F9FC" box="[1379,1436,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
</bibRefCitation>
confirmed results from other genetic methods that the Klamath Speckled Dace is a distinct evolutionary lineage.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="528" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,334,1735,1761]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Etymology.</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="C3620ECCDE0EFF833FAFF946C811F81C" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BC75D47DE0EFF833FAFF946C912F88C" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">
<emphasis id="B90C8155DE0EFF833FAFF946CC76F968" bold="true" box="[199,334,1735,1761]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Etymology.</emphasis>
The Klamath Speckled Dace is named for the river system to which it is endemic. The river is named for the native peoples who lived (and still do) in the upper Klamath Basin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,448,1806,1832]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Conservation Status.</emphasis>
<paragraph id="8BC75D47DE0EFF833FAFF88FC811F81C" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">
<emphasis id="B90C8155DE0EFF833FAFF88FCCF8F8A1" bold="true" box="[199,448,1806,1832]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Conservation Status.</emphasis>
The Klamath Speckled Dace is widespread and abundant in streams and natural lakes in the Klamath Basin, including the Trinity River. The main concern is that some distinct populations, such as in Jenny Creek, may be lost as the waters are dammed and diverted. The genetic diversity of Speckled Dace populations within the river system is just beginning to be appreciated (
<bibRefCitation author="Pfrender, M. E. &amp; Hicks, J. &amp; Lynch, M." box="[813,1042,1915,1941]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" pagination="490 - 502" refId="ref30505" refString="Pfrender, M. E., Hicks, J. &amp; Lynch, M. (2004) Biogeographic patterns and current distribution of molecular-genetic variation among populations of Speckled Dace, Rhinichthys osculus (Girard). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 30 (3), 490 - 502. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 1055 - 7903 (03) 00242 - 2" type="journal article" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE920B6DE0EFF833C45F8FAC92AF81C" author="Pfrender, M. E. &amp; Hicks, J. &amp; Lynch, M." box="[813,1042,1915,1941]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" pagination="490 - 502" refId="ref30505" refString="Pfrender, M. E., Hicks, J. &amp; Lynch, M. (2004) Biogeographic patterns and current distribution of molecular-genetic variation among populations of Speckled Dace, Rhinichthys osculus (Girard). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 30 (3), 490 - 502. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 1055 - 7903 (03) 00242 - 2" type="journal article" year="2004">
Pfrender
<emphasis box="[919,975,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">et al.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B90C8155DE0EFF833CFFF8FACEF7F81C" box="[919,975,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
; Wiesenfeld
<emphasis box="[1185,1242,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">et al.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B90C8155DE0EFF833BC9F8FAC9E2F81C" box="[1185,1242,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">et al.</emphasis>
2017).
</paragraph>
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1829
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<paragraph id="CC8A934AC1C625E8C1BF2A1388687398">
<taxonomicName id="44404210920B24686E5E70C17AEB1BD8" class="Ostracoda" family="Cyprididae" genus="Cavernocypris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-2">
<emphasis id="5FB99AE5DA6E96F8F743524B2C884863" italics="true">Cavernocypris</emphasis>
sp. 2
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<paragraph id="6A4F1A9435023FBE6FBF5D79B147B6C0">
<figureCitation id="55C32179B081C34B91C21B7C8B8C2A7C" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Cavernocypris sp. 1 (A ‒ D, WOC 193) and Cavernocypris sp. 2 (E ‒ G, WOC 195). A. LV, ext; B. RV, int; C. Detail of postero-ventral part of (B), showing the displaced selvage and the reticulation on the calcified inner lamella. Arrowheads point to setal pores along the selvage; D. Detail of the surface of (A); E. LV, ext; F. RV, int; G. Detail of the surface of (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.101.141525.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1249893">Fig. 8 E – G</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ETUBG" type="Locality">
<paragraph id="9C3F2670563F5BBC0185846C8848D145">
<heading id="1E1803F3F18F97EC682423E9A4351D38" reason="title">Locality.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8AF53B3840F537C66A7AA2E842F1ACB3">
Site Y 301 (Fig.
<figureCitation id="83927D8E6BEEF6401961B1E74F1BCF21" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution of Cavernocypris species in East Asia. Data from Chang et al. (2012), McKenzie (1972), Munakata et al. (2022), Schornikov and Trebukhova (2001), Smith (2011), Smith and Chang (2022), Smith et al. (2015, 2017), Tanaka et al. (2015), as well as the present study." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.101.141525.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1249886">1</figureCitation>
, Table
<tableCitation id="76068F66B6BC7FA2E24AFBBF61D85CF6" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Habitat information of Cavernocypris species from Yunnan Province, China, in this study. For abbreviations, see “ Material, methods, and terminology. ”" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A7670ACDE89BCC06CB4C3DF8DF1B4E9C" tableUuid="A7670ACDE89BCC06CB4C3DF8DF1B4E9C">1</tableCitation>
), slowly flowing river in Huaping County.
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<paragraph id="96F3216F6766ED0954537745D20E657D">
<heading id="E653D1FC6BD68BFA72E6695FBED5A55A" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2325842C3AEDE946277F3E11080EBAD0">
One dissected female (
<specimenCode id="F3815FF3C9CEF72C823B2E34684479F1">WOC 195</specimenCode>
).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="SECID0EGVBG" type="description">
<paragraph id="85578D6219DB5D8AAE88E6AA5881648D">
<heading id="1AEB320514289639946F1F0805F11D32" reason="title">Dimensions.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="340B1BD2BACB74A2291D29C4F472D44F">
Female
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EMVBG" xlink_title="left valve">
<collectionCode id="D71780521F28C5684219ACCA32DC05FD">LV</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
(n = 1) L
<quantity id="A4D4C38BB01DA4A6B762F2E3F32BC09F" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" unit="mm" value="0.66">0.66 mm</quantity>
, H
<quantity id="6570672E92DB6AE58AF0B1CE62677AF9" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" unit="mm" value="0.33">0.33 mm</quantity>
, H / L 0.50 (Table
<tableCitation id="41BE626310B06FE4FA46CDA16B46F188" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Basic parameters of the specimens of Cavernocypris spp. from Yunnan used for geometric morphometric analysis. Disarticulated valves are used, and whole Cps are not used. All the valves were placed exterior-upwards and were measured under the 200 × magnification of an XSP- 12 CA transmitted light microscope. For abbreviations see, “ Material, methods, and terminology. ”" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8B1FF625034B62EB6A212C0A78DE328C" tableUuid="8B1FF625034B62EB6A212C0A78DE328C">3</tableCitation>
).
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EUVBG" xlink_title="right valve">
<collectionCode id="6F6C53232E29D94B1CDCDF0A031CE7E6" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains">RV</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
(n = 1) L
<quantity id="A18C0654C729D3BEC41C51A59F54E2FC" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" unit="mm" value="0.64">0.64 mm</quantity>
, H
<quantity id="FC24F4B5B5699F9E510EC5F852D0D826" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" unit="mm" value="0.32">0.32 mm</quantity>
, H / L 0.50.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="SECID0EYVBG" type="description">
<paragraph id="6276A62A9A47127EBCDAA4E8AC7BDA82">
<heading id="2F1AAA8E108C28280BF9853B71F504CA" reason="title">
Brief description of
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E4VBG" xlink_title="carapace">Cp</abbrev>
.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="079C21C2317D52224395F1E6FC634E46">
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EDWBG" xlink_title="carapace">Cp</abbrev>
elongated in lateral view, similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="3EC12DD6A12785DAAEC787DEBD3DFA77" authorityName="Zhai &amp; Smith &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2025" class="Ostracoda" family="Cyprididae" genus="Cavernocypris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xiangi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="06E7E62C029D4A4EA2942E104B68AB62" italics="true">Cavernocypris xiangi</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A9BCFD9180EF2F5CFB6DC7B417E0AC31" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ESWBG" xlink_title="left valve">
<collectionCode id="676D08E47BB3EA10BBC972EBB2AAA536">LV</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
with ventral margin less concave than
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EWWBG" xlink_title="right valve">
<collectionCode id="9240E3C5CA24ADD7E837F004CD3A311B" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains">RV</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
. Valve surface rough, densely covered with small shallow pits and setal pores bearing elevated (volcano-like) rims (Fig.
<figureCitation id="BB573856F7D393780AACA3B6FCC97CB0" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Cavernocypris sp. 1 (A ‒ D, WOC 193) and Cavernocypris sp. 2 (E ‒ G, WOC 195). A. LV, ext; B. RV, int; C. Detail of postero-ventral part of (B), showing the displaced selvage and the reticulation on the calcified inner lamella. Arrowheads point to setal pores along the selvage; D. Detail of the surface of (A); E. LV, ext; F. RV, int; G. Detail of the surface of (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.101.141525.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1249893">8 G</figureCitation>
). Calcified inner lamella of
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E5WBG" xlink_title="right valve">
<collectionCode id="926ACD62FBF482F1458AF3A5AD5D3DCC" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains">RV</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
without inner list (Fig.
<figureCitation id="188774A335DC5A4C6CC243572122056C" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Cavernocypris sp. 1 (A ‒ D, WOC 193) and Cavernocypris sp. 2 (E ‒ G, WOC 195). A. LV, ext; B. RV, int; C. Detail of postero-ventral part of (B), showing the displaced selvage and the reticulation on the calcified inner lamella. Arrowheads point to setal pores along the selvage; D. Detail of the surface of (A); E. LV, ext; F. RV, int; G. Detail of the surface of (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.101.141525.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1249893">8 F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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(L.: Fr.) Fr. (

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<taxonomicName id="476B2542A4141855429F714985608344" class="Ostracoda" family="Cyprididae" genus="Cavernocypris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
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sp. 1
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<figureCitation id="7EEF14995C7883F7AF9D9BDB8D8AEFEF" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Cavernocypris sp. 1 (A ‒ D, WOC 193) and Cavernocypris sp. 2 (E ‒ G, WOC 195). A. LV, ext; B. RV, int; C. Detail of postero-ventral part of (B), showing the displaced selvage and the reticulation on the calcified inner lamella. Arrowheads point to setal pores along the selvage; D. Detail of the surface of (A); E. LV, ext; F. RV, int; G. Detail of the surface of (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.101.141525.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1249893">Fig. 8 A – D</figureCitation>
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Site Y 301 (Fig.
<figureCitation id="B3AC2DBD73FBF57FE73EFF78596D843E" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution of Cavernocypris species in East Asia. Data from Chang et al. (2012), McKenzie (1972), Munakata et al. (2022), Schornikov and Trebukhova (2001), Smith (2011), Smith and Chang (2022), Smith et al. (2015, 2017), Tanaka et al. (2015), as well as the present study." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.101.141525.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1249886">1</figureCitation>
, Table
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), slowly flowing river in Huaping County.
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<paragraph id="53BFEB887249B0BCC3536FFEBEC716A4">
Two dissected females (
<specimenCode id="C60127D88C9DF68A56C30F0688B899C4">WOC 193</specimenCode>
and
<specimenCode id="2D225691419430F89FE89A7A1195268F">WOC 194</specimenCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EDOBG" type="description">
<paragraph id="289A29E9501E5D47A52F665979BB38A8">
<heading id="AF49DA32850F3EE87B19ACA06D0AB137" reason="title">Dimensions.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="109AC883FA84A58B358CD33E925827C6">
Female
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EJOBG" xlink_title="left valve">
<collectionCode id="5D9F4C44D674475D0081FE30C15646C7">LV</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
(n = 2) L
<quantity id="264D7E304B71698BA00A3BDA44B9CD88" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="6.1" metricValueMin="5.8999999999999995" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.61" valueMin="0.59">0.59‒0.61 mm</quantity>
, H
<quantity id="D6242B866D350EB123869AF34B64509D" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.7" unit="mm" value="0.275" valueMax="0.28" valueMin="0.27">0.27‒0.28 mm</quantity>
, H / L 0.47‒0.48 (Table
<tableCitation id="DECF6F320020B27DEA3BDB880AA332BB" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Basic parameters of the specimens of Cavernocypris spp. from Yunnan used for geometric morphometric analysis. Disarticulated valves are used, and whole Cps are not used. All the valves were placed exterior-upwards and were measured under the 200 × magnification of an XSP- 12 CA transmitted light microscope. For abbreviations see, “ Material, methods, and terminology. ”" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8B1FF625034B62EB6A212C0A78DE328C" tableUuid="8B1FF625034B62EB6A212C0A78DE328C">3</tableCitation>
).
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EROBG" xlink_title="right valve">
<collectionCode id="C307F71822B1049AF7014B7EE0585D4D" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains">RV</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
(n = 2) L
<quantity id="23611888B7CC72CCD530CB317EC4701E" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.85" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.699999999999999" unit="mm" value="0.585" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.57">0.57‒0.60 mm</quantity>
, H
<quantity id="7DCF6DB1125B6855E0B1EF59C262D9F6" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.7" unit="mm" value="0.275" valueMax="0.28" valueMin="0.27">0.27‒0.28 mm</quantity>
, H / L 0.47‒0.48.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EVOBG" type="description">
<paragraph id="B875153349B5CAE10CC73D4BF36E59C0">
<heading id="804AC64C3E830A10FCB36557904516CC" reason="title">
Brief description of
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E1OBG" xlink_title="carapace">Cp</abbrev>
.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F935FE8CADB30229583F9F92D39D8FAC">
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EAPBG" xlink_title="carapace">Cp</abbrev>
elongated in lateral view, with outline similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="1154824D7FF8EAC670444E70971DC180" authorityName="Zhai &amp; Smith &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2025" class="Ostracoda" family="Cyprididae" genus="Cavernocypris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xiangi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="977545A2DA5A9C264B7B7ECF6FD0F145" italics="true">Cavernocypris xiangi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="928B900E2DC1FAFE0AF9BD2A3D9E57D2" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="54D51E75AA22959525FD04F74EE2CF1B" authority="(Smith 2011)" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="2011" class="Ostracoda" family="Cyprididae" genus="Cavernocypris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavernosa">
<emphasis id="565C8EFAFEE02056035BAC603A257E43" italics="true">C. cavernosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="078F82847F4BB6C9DE57CB455B56C881" DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3140.1.2" author="Smith" firstAuthor="Smith" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pagination="15-37" refId="B27" refString="Smith RJ (2011) Groundwater, spring and interstitial Ostracoda (Crustacea) from Shiga Prefecture, Japan, including descriptions of three new species and one new genus. Zootaxa 3140 (1): 15–37. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3140.1.2" title="Groundwater, spring and interstitial Ostracoda (Crustacea) from Shiga Prefecture, Japan, including descriptions of three new species and one new genus." volume="3140" year="2011">Smith 2011</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, not triangular as in
<taxonomicName id="EDD72F5FC189C7D3D2A9EFFA1A9C62E1" authority="(Smith et al. 2017)" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="2017" class="Ostracoda" family="Cyprididae" genus="Cavernocypris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="danielopoli">
<emphasis id="8CCFC0365FC3820158E35F04B5E35106" italics="true">C. danielopoli</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7D60EAACF239A10BCC59E30389D72B70" DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4268.3.3" author="Smith" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Smith" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pagination="360-376" refId="B32" refString="Smith RJ, Kamiya T, Choi Y-G, Lee J, Chang CY (2017) A new species of Cavernocypris Hartmann, 1964 (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from caves in South Korea. Zootaxa 4268 (3): 360–376. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4268.3.3" title="A new species of Cavernocypris Hartmann, 1964 (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from caves in South Korea." volume="4268" year="2017">Smith et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ENQBG" xlink_title="left valve">
<collectionCode id="7DAF1557E2267B519C9D488957B1EB82">LV</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
with ventral margin less concave than
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ERQBG" xlink_title="right valve">
<collectionCode id="37CB6A41CF5FC49EF903AC1DDEA0BAA5" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains">RV</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
. Valve surface smooth. Setal pores with flat (not elevated) lip-like rims (Fig.
<figureCitation id="AB007CCD5D1D2E703EF435CE79F65461" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Cavernocypris sp. 1 (A ‒ D, WOC 193) and Cavernocypris sp. 2 (E ‒ G, WOC 195). A. LV, ext; B. RV, int; C. Detail of postero-ventral part of (B), showing the displaced selvage and the reticulation on the calcified inner lamella. Arrowheads point to setal pores along the selvage; D. Detail of the surface of (A); E. LV, ext; F. RV, int; G. Detail of the surface of (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.101.141525.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1249893">8 D</figureCitation>
). In interior view, posterior calcified inner lamella of
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EZQBG" xlink_title="right valve">
<collectionCode id="5EA5F867C0E8A8580B70EB520C28C3F7" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains">RV</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
with selvage inwardly displaced (Fig.
<figureCitation id="BB8EB72B7A5DED76D7EB756144DDAA27" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Cavernocypris sp. 1 (A ‒ D, WOC 193) and Cavernocypris sp. 2 (E ‒ G, WOC 195). A. LV, ext; B. RV, int; C. Detail of postero-ventral part of (B), showing the displaced selvage and the reticulation on the calcified inner lamella. Arrowheads point to setal pores along the selvage; D. Detail of the surface of (A); E. LV, ext; F. RV, int; G. Detail of the surface of (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.101.141525.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1249893">8 B, C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="1D4F0096FC97166097AFB077F8E26A75" ID-DOI="10.3897/zse.101.141525.figure8" ID-arpha="DA7AB587-9B38-5817-BAE3-01D7789A8613" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1249893" startId="F8">
<paragraph id="923255F575FE848C476AD5E99DF41782">
<label id="EA6DD7FCAFA970E03685D12C1039F71D">Figure 8.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4771DE30A4D782DB5EC17008E880B84B">
<taxonomicName id="F9B4D50BF515115A1B838FB0655B18FC" class="Ostracoda" family="Cyprididae" genus="Cavernocypris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
<emphasis id="D47679F90515F24F1F62FF3148C54ED9" italics="true">Cavernocypris</emphasis>
sp. 1
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="CD9DA49B5384BEB47F9107B98E7AC58A" bold="true">A ‒ D</emphasis>
,
<specimenCode id="DFA660B2DA7AB89451DC49B9655CD5B6">WOC 193</specimenCode>
) and
<taxonomicName id="B941E9DA7AF7B5EC195A6E9C5AA0BE6D" class="Ostracoda" family="Cyprididae" genus="Cavernocypris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-2">
<emphasis id="D7355D76C81C70E7FAFBA96B662697A5" italics="true">Cavernocypris</emphasis>
sp. 2
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="8445B103E602B886BC2A6B6E81C5F0F7" bold="true">E ‒ G</emphasis>
,
<specimenCode id="053FB69979CE582C63D7CA90BA12E12E">WOC 195</specimenCode>
).
<emphasis id="8A9BC487C83262D9276980BA45E61323" bold="true">A.</emphasis>
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E4RBG" xlink_title="left valve">LV</abbrev>
,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EBSBG" xlink_title="exterior view/side">ext</abbrev>
;
<emphasis id="6282300B5140D5FCAB75B655D64A48A1" bold="true">B.</emphasis>
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EHSBG" xlink_title="right valve">RV</abbrev>
,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ELSBG" xlink_title="interior view/side">int</abbrev>
;
<emphasis id="0F2FDC38ED6CA7BC466F5264E59040E7" bold="true">C.</emphasis>
Detail of postero-ventral part of (B), showing the displaced selvage and the reticulation on the calcified inner lamella. Arrowheads point to setal pores along the selvage;
<emphasis id="9927168A1B540BF2F54560A9355964F1" bold="true">D.</emphasis>
Detail of the surface of (A);
<emphasis id="99475A2AE90EBBDE3630EE8EC8ADAE82" bold="true">E.</emphasis>
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EVSBG" xlink_title="left valve">LV</abbrev>
,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EZSBG" xlink_title="exterior view/side">ext</abbrev>
;
<emphasis id="D9BC56BF380DB616DF8FFED476D6B425" bold="true">F.</emphasis>
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E6SBG" xlink_title="right valve">RV</abbrev>
,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EDTBG" xlink_title="interior view/side">int</abbrev>
;
<emphasis id="03EA3D04C25221A39BB817FE85A015B5" bold="true">G.</emphasis>
Detail of the surface of (E).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

133
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<paragraph id="406CB9450C405214FC4DB24DFA95FBF6" blockId="14.[950,1317,1076,1134]" box="[950,1317,1076,1103]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
<heading id="1B240E290C405214FC4DB24DFA95FBF6" box="[950,1317,1076,1103]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C405214FC4DB24DFA95FBF6" ID-CoL="7NPX9" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[950,1317,1076,1103]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="discoidea">
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FC4DB24DFBA8FBF7" bold="true" box="[950,1048,1076,1103]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">discoidea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C405214FBE4B24DFB76FBF6" author="Lamarck" box="[1055,1222,1076,1102]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FB2AB24DFA95FBF6" bold="true" box="[1233,1317,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Asterias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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(
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)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C405214FCD6B2F5FB04FB6A" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C405214FCD6B2F5FB12FB1B" blockId="14.[813,1186,1163,1188]" box="[813,1186,1163,1188]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C405214FCD6B2F5FB12FB1B" box="[813,1186,1163,1188]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C405214FCD6B2F5FB2EFB1B" author="LAMARCK J. B. &amp; DE" box="[813,1182,1163,1188]" page="554" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" year="1816">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C405214FCD6B2F5FB2EFB1B" authority="Lamarck, 1816: 554" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityPageNumber="554" authorityYear="1816" box="[813,1182,1163,1188]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="discoidea">
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FCD6B2F5FC7EFB1C" box="[813,974,1164,1188]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Asterias discoidea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C405214FC2FB2F5FB2EFB1B" author="Lamarck" box="[980,1182,1163,1188]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" page="554" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816: 554</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<paragraph id="406CB9450C405214FCD6B2C3FB04FB6A" blockId="14.[813,1204,1210,1234]" box="[813,1204,1210,1234]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C405214FCD6B2C3FB04FB6A" box="[813,1204,1210,1234]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FCD6B2C3FBB5FB69" box="[813,1029,1210,1234]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C405214FCD6B2C3FC42FB6A" ID-CoL="6C2NX" baseAuthorityName="Bruzelius" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[813,1010,1210,1234]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Culcita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="schmideliana">Culcita schmideliana</taxonomicName>
–
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C405214FBF0B2C3FB00FB6A" author="CLARK A. M." box="[1035,1200,1210,1234]" page="298" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C405214FBF0B2C3FB00FB6A" author="Clark" box="[1035,1200,1210,1234]" firstAuthor="Clark" page="298" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref13772" refString="CLARK A. M. 1993. - An index of recent Asteroidea. Part 2: Valvatida, in JANGOUX M. &amp; LAWRENCE J. M. (eds), Echinoderm Studies, vol. 4. Balkema, Rotterdam: 187 - 366." type="book chapter" year="1993">Clark 1993: 298</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C405214FCD6B290FACDFAB8" box="[813,1405,1256,1281]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C405214FCD6B290FACDFAB8" blockId="14.[813,1405,1256,1281]" box="[813,1405,1256,1281]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
CURRENT STATUS. —
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C405214FBFAB291FACAFAB8" ID-CoL="6C2NX" authority="(Bruzelius, 1805)" baseAuthorityName="Bruzelius" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[1025,1402,1256,1280]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Culcita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="schmideliana">
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FBFAB291FB76FAB8" box="[1025,1222,1256,1280]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Culcita schmideliana</emphasis>
(Bruzelius, 1805)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C405214FCD6B36FFAA7FAF0" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C405214FCD6B36FFAA7FAF0" blockId="14.[811,1457,1302,1352]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
<materialsCitation id="F0BBB3180C405214FBE5B36FFAA3FAF0" collectionCode="MHNH" country="Mauritius" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" stateProvince="Mhnh">
<collectionCode id="26C221800C405214FBE5B36FFBC3FA95" box="[1054,1139,1302,1325]" collectionName="MHNH" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
<collectingRegion id="821777A70C405214FBE5B36FFBC3FA95" box="[1054,1139,1302,1325]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">MHNH</collectingRegion>
</collectionCode>
;
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C405214FB87B36FFB78FA95" box="[1148,1224,1302,1325]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Lesueur</collectorName>
drawings collection; ref. 74006;
<location id="450CEF9E0C405214FC8CB349FC0EFAF0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C87A08530C405214FC4DB24DFA00FA55:450CEF9E0C405214FC8CB349FC0EFAF0" box="[887,958,1328,1352]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Baudin</location>
expedition;
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C405214FBC3B349FBC0FAF0" box="[1080,1136,1328,1352]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Péron</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C405214FB59B348FB5FFAF0" box="[1186,1263,1329,1352]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Lesueur</collectorName>
leg
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C405214FCD6B326FA01FA29" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C405214FCD6B326FA01FA29" blockId="14.[813,1457,1374,1425]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
DISTRIBUTION. —
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C405214FC1AB327FB13FACE" baseAuthorityName="Bruzelius" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[993,1187,1374,1398]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Culcita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="schmideliana">
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FC1AB327FB13FACE" box="[993,1187,1374,1398]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Culcita schmideliana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
commonly occurs in the Indian ocean, along the coast of Africa and the NW coast of Australia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C405214FCD0B3CAFA00FA55" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C405214FCD0B3CAFA00FA55" blockId="14.[811,1456,1459,1517]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
REMARK Lamarck’s
<typeStatus id="9F6807E70C405214FC65B3AAFC7CFA55" box="[926,972,1491,1517]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">type</typeStatus>
material could not be found in the MNHN.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

147
data/C8/7A/08/C87A08530C405214FC5EB04BFA11F853.xml Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
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<mods:title id="F1653E580EACACB50387C5FB056B533C">The asteroid species of Lamarck (Echinodermata: Asteroidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="877EE433E39C4EA8C4BE1816094738A9">Laboratoire de Biologie marine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50 avenue F. D. Roosevelt, B- 1050 Bruxelles (Belgium) and Laboratoire de Biologie marine, Université de Mons, 20 Place du Parc, B- 7000 Mons (Belgium)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="05F9183E26AC260CFF6E3CD75F622BAC">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="C87A08530C405214FC5EB04BFA11F853" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14866583" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14866583" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C87A08530C405214FC5EB04BFA11F853" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C87A08530C405214FC5EB04BFA11F853" lastPageNumber="225" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C405214FC5EB04BFA86F9F4" box="[933,1334,1586,1613]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C405214FC5EB04BFA86F9F4" blockId="14.[933,1334,1586,1644]" box="[933,1334,1586,1613]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
<heading id="1B240E290C405214FC5EB04BFA86F9F4" box="[933,1334,1586,1613]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C405214FC5EB04BFA86F9F4" ID-CoL="7NPX9" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[933,1334,1586,1613]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="echinophora">
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FC5EB04BFB99F9F5" bold="true" box="[933,1065,1586,1613]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">echinophora</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C405214FBCBB04BFB67F9F4" author="Lamarck" box="[1072,1239,1586,1612]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FB19B04BFA86F9F4" bold="true" box="[1250,1334,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Asterias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C405214FBC4B02BFB2CF9D4" box="[1087,1180,1618,1644]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" type="description">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C405214FBC4B02BFB2CF9D4" blockId="14.[933,1334,1586,1644]" box="[1087,1180,1618,1644]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
(
<figureCitation id="D8E8A5C00C405214FBBCB02BFB24F9D4" box="[1095,1172,1618,1644]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[185,196,2005,2023]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,1379,1958]" captionTargetId="figure-142@16.[132,1455,1374,1963]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 14. — Asterias echinophora Lamarck, 1816: abactinal and actinal surfaces of a syntype of the species (MNHN-IE-2014-72). Scale bar: 20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768171" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4768171/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C405214FCD6B0FFFA2FF97F" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C405214FCD6B0FFFB0FF925" blockId="14.[810,1457,1669,1886]" box="[813,1215,1669,1693]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C405214FCD6B0FFFB0FF925" box="[813,1215,1669,1693]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C405214FCD6B0FFFB0BF925" author="LAMARCK J. B. &amp; DE" box="[813,1211,1669,1693]" page="560" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" year="1816">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C405214FCD6B0FFFB0BF925" authority="Lamarck, 1816: 560" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityPageNumber="560" authorityYear="1816" box="[813,1211,1669,1693]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="echinophora">
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FCD6B0FFFC5AF925" box="[813,1002,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Asterias echinophora</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C405214FC0AB0FCFB0BF925" author="Lamarck" box="[1009,1211,1669,1693]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" page="560" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816: 560</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C405214FCD6B0D6FA2FF97F" blockId="14.[810,1457,1669,1886]" box="[813,1439,1711,1735]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C405214FCD6B0D6FA2FF97F" box="[813,1439,1711,1735]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C405214FCD6B0D6FBD8F97F" ID-CoL="38FT5" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[813,1128,1711,1735]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Echinaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="echinophorus" subGenus="Othilia">
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FCD6B0D6FC3EF97F" box="[813,910,1711,1735]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Echinaster</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FC67B0D6FC51F97F" box="[924,993,1711,1735]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Othilia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FC14B0D6FBD8F97F" box="[1007,1128,1711,1735]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">echinophorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FB94B0C9FBCCF97F" box="[1135,1148,1712,1735]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">–</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C405214FB79B0D6FA2BF97F" author="CLARK A. M. &amp; DOWNEY M. E." box="[1154,1435,1711,1735]" page="367" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C405214FB79B0D6FA2BF97F" author="Clark &amp; Downey" box="[1154,1435,1711,1735]" firstAuthor="Clark" page="367" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" refId="ref13907" refString="CLARK A. M. &amp; DOWNEY M. E. 1992. - Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 565 p." type="book" year="1992">Clark &amp; Downey 1992: 367</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C405214FCD6B0A3FA01F948" box="[813,1457,1752,1778]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C405214FCD6B0A3FA01F948" blockId="14.[810,1457,1669,1886]" box="[813,1457,1752,1778]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
CURRENT STATUS. —
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C405214FC15B0A1FA1DF948" ID-CoL="38FT5" authority="(Lamarck, 1816)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[1006,1453,1752,1777]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Echinaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="echinophorus" subGenus="Othilia">
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FC15B0A1FBF8F948" box="[1006,1096,1752,1776]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Echinaster</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FBA8B0A1FB23F948" box="[1107,1171,1752,1776]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Othilia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FB65B0A1FABEF948" box="[1182,1294,1752,1776]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">echinophorus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C405214FAE3B0A1FA15F948" author="Lamarck" box="[1304,1445,1752,1776]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck,1816</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C405214FCD1B17BFABEF88C" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C405214FCD1B17BFABEF88C" blockId="14.[810,1457,1669,1886]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
M ATERIAL EXAMINED. —
<materialsCitation id="F0BBB3180C405214FBD2B17BFABAF88C" location="Virginia" municipality="North America" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" specimenCode="MNHN-IE-2014-72" specimenCount="4" typeStatus="syntype">
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FBD2B17BFB71F8A3" bold="true" box="[1065,1217,1794,1819]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
<collectingMunicipality id="A008233F0C405214FBD2B17BFB71F8A3" box="[1065,1217,1794,1819]" name="North America" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">North America</collectingMunicipality>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCode id="1075113E0C405214FB21B17BFA19F8A2" box="[1242,1449,1794,1818]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">MNHN-IE-2014-72</specimenCode>
;
<specimenCount id="56D572CC0C405214FCD6B164FC8AF88D" box="[813,826,1821,1845]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" type="generic">4</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="9F6807E70C405214FCBBB164FC25F88D" box="[832,917,1821,1845]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
; coast of
<location id="450CEF9E0C405214FC14B165FBF1F88C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C87A08530C405214FC5EB04BFA11F853:450CEF9E0C405214FC14B165FBF1F88C" box="[1007,1089,1820,1844]" municipality="North America" name="Virginia" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Virginia</location>
; Lamarck collection
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C405214FCD6B13EFB41F8E6" box="[813,1265,1862,1886]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C405214FCD6B13EFB41F8E6" blockId="14.[810,1457,1669,1886]" box="[813,1265,1862,1886]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
DISTRIBUTION. — From Florida to NE
<collectingCountry id="38C4F9D50C405214FB4AB13FFB5CF8E6" box="[1201,1260,1862,1886]" name="Brazil" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C405214FCD6B1EBFA11F853" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C405214FCD6B1EBFC37F812" blockId="14.[813,1455,1938,2028]" box="[813,903,1938,1964]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">REMARK</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C405214FCD6B1C8FA11F853" blockId="14.[813,1455,1938,2028]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
Lamarck’s
<typeStatus id="9F6807E70C405214FC59B1CBFC61F874" box="[930,977,1970,1996]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">type</typeStatus>
locality is doubtful and the
<typeStatus id="9F6807E70C405214FAE8B1CBFAC0F874" box="[1299,1392,1970,1996]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
most probably came from
<collectingCountry id="38C4F9D50C405214FBF4B1A8FBFDF853" box="[1039,1101,2001,2027]" name="Brazil" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C405214FBA6B1A8FA25F853" author="Clark &amp; Downey" box="[1117,1429,2001,2028]" firstAuthor="Clark" page="370" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" refId="ref13907" refString="CLARK A. M. &amp; DOWNEY M. E. 1992. - Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 565 p." type="book" year="1992">Clark &amp; Downey 1992: 370</bibRefCitation>
).
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<mods:title id="65D10DD8051B07399DF510EC4821EF19">The asteroid species of Lamarck (Echinodermata: Asteroidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="CBCF51AC2394B3C5C9F5DFB472B052BB">Laboratoire de Biologie marine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50 avenue F. D. Roosevelt, B- 1050 Bruxelles (Belgium) and Laboratoire de Biologie marine, Université de Mons, 20 Place du Parc, B- 7000 Mons (Belgium)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="573B355C6999C0569D83704BA5EB9CBA">2021</mods:date>
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<heading id="1B240E290C405214FEF1B02BFD32F9D4" box="[266,642,1618,1645]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C405214FEF1B02BFD32F9D4" ID-CoL="7NPX9" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[266,642,1618,1645]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cylindrica">
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FEF1B02BFEC5F9D5" bold="true" box="[266,373,1618,1645]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">cylindrica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C405214FE87B02BFD93F9D4" author="Lamarck" box="[380,547,1618,1644]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FDD5B02BFD32F9D4" bold="true" box="[558,642,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Asterias</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="406CB9450C405214FE6CB00BFE44F934" blockId="14.[266,642,1618,1676]" box="[407,500,1650,1676]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
(
<figureCitation id="D8E8A5C00C405214FE65B00BFE5BF934" box="[414,491,1650,1676]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1962,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,218,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-92@15.[132,1455,218,1881]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 11. — Asterias cylindrica Lamarck, 1816: A, B, abactinal (A) and actinal (B) surfaces; C, adambulacral armament; D, holotype of the species (A-C, MHNH, Lesueur collection 74014, details, courtesy of MHNH; D, MNHN-IE-2014-471). The accompanying labels do not relate to the pictured specimen. The holotype of O. purpureus Perrier, 1869 is shown in Figure 32. Scale bar: 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768165" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4768165/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
)
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<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C405214FF7FB0CCFD99F8B8" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" type="reference_group">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C405214FF7FB0CCFDB2F974" box="[132,514,1716,1740]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C405214FF7FB0CCFE4EF974" author="LAMARCK J. B. &amp; DE" box="[132,510,1716,1740]" page="567" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" year="1816">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C405214FF7FB0CCFE4EF974" authority="Lamarck, 1816: 567" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityPageNumber="567" authorityYear="1816" box="[132,510,1716,1740]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cylindrica">
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FF7FB0CCFE9DF974" box="[132,301,1716,1740]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Asterias cylindrica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C405214FECFB0CDFE4EF974" author="Lamarck" box="[308,510,1716,1740]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" page="567" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816: 567</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C405214FF7FB091FD99F8B8" box="[132,553,1768,1792]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FF7FB091FECAF947" box="[132,378,1768,1792]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C405214FF7FB091FED6F8B8" ID-CoL="33WNV" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[132,358,1768,1792]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Dactylosaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cylindricus">Dactylosaster cylindricus</taxonomicName>
–
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C405214FE7BB091FD95F8B8" author="CLARK A. M." box="[384,549,1768,1792]" page="329" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C405214FE7BB091FD95F8B8" author="Clark" box="[384,549,1768,1792]" firstAuthor="Clark" page="329" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref13772" refString="CLARK A. M. 1993. - An index of recent Asteroidea. Part 2: Valvatida, in JANGOUX M. &amp; LAWRENCE J. M. (eds), Echinoderm Studies, vol. 4. Balkema, Rotterdam: 187 - 366." type="book chapter" year="1993">Clark 1993: 329</bibRefCitation>
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<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C405214FF7FB165FD5DF88B" box="[132,749,1819,1844]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C405214FF7FB165FD5DF88B" blockId="14.[132,749,1819,1844]" box="[132,749,1819,1844]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
CURRENT STATUS. —
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C405214FEA2B162FD59F88B" ID-CoL="33WNV" authority="(Lamarck, 1816)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[345,745,1819,1843]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Dactylosaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cylindricus">
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FEA2B162FD8BF88B" box="[345,571,1819,1843]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Dactylosaster cylindricus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C405214FDB3B162FD51F88B" author="Lamarck" box="[584,737,1819,1843]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
)
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.
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MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
<materialsCitation id="F0BBB3180C405214FE8CB129FD46F839" collectorName="Peron &amp; Lesueur" country="Mauritius" location="Mauritius" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" specimenCode="MNHN-IE-2014-471" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FE8CB129FE6AF8D0" bold="true" box="[375,474,1872,1896]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
<collectingCountry id="38C4F9D50C405214FE8CB129FE6AF8D0" box="[375,474,1872,1896]" name="Mauritius" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" value="Mauritius">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCode id="1075113E0C405214FE16B136FD78F8DF" box="[493,712,1871,1895]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">MNHN-IE-2014-471</specimenCode>
;
<typeStatus id="9F6807E70C405214FD28B137FF01F839" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; Baudin expedition (1800-1804);
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C405214FDF6B110FDF6F839" box="[525,582,1897,1921]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Péron</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C405214FD87B110FD7AF838" box="[636,714,1897,1920]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Lesueur</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="F0BBB3180C405214FF7DB1FDFCB6F823" box="[134,774,1923,1948]" collectionCode="MHNH" country="Mauritius" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" stateProvince="Mhnh">
<collectionCode id="26C221800C405214FF7DB1FDFF6BF823" box="[134,219,1924,1947]" collectionName="MHNH" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
<collectingRegion id="821777A70C405214FF7DB1FDFF6BF823" box="[134,219,1924,1947]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">MHNH</collectingRegion>
</collectionCode>
:
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C405214FF19B1FDFE9CF823" box="[226,300,1924,1947]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Lesueur</collectorName>
drawings collection; ref. 74014;
<location id="450CEF9E0C405214FDACB1FAFD2CF823" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C87A08530C405214FEF1B02BFB0BFE68:450CEF9E0C405214FDACB1FAFD2CF823" box="[599,668,1923,1947]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Baudin</location>
expedition
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.
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<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C405214FF7FB1CEFF7BF851" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C405214FF7FB1CEFF7BF851" blockId="14.[132,774,1975,2025]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">DISTRIBUTION. — The species is found in the tropical Indo-West Pacific.</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C405214FCD6B6A1FB0BFE68" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C405214FCD6B6A1FC37FF48" blockId="14.[811,1456,216,464]" box="[813,903,216,242]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">REMARK</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C405214FCD6B68EFB0BFE68" blockId="14.[811,1456,216,464]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
According to
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C405214FC3AB68EFBE0FEA9" author="Perrier" box="[961,1104,247,273]" firstAuthor="Perrier" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" pagination="1 - 81" refId="ref14754" refString="PERRIER E. 1869. - Recherches sur les Pedicellaires et les Ambulacres des Asteries et des Oursins. Masson, Paris, 188 p. (the part on asteroids is also published in: Annales des Sciences naturelles 13 [1]: 1 - 81). https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14144" type="book chapter" year="1869">Perrier (1869</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C405214FBA4B68EFB27FEAA" author="Perrier" box="[1119,1175,247,274]" firstAuthor="Perrier" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" pagination="1 - 104" refId="ref14818" refString="PERRIER E. 1875. - Revision de la Collection de Stellerides du Museum d'Histoire naturelle de Paris. 384 p, Reinwald, Paris (also published in: Archives de Zoologie experimentale et generale vol. 4 [1875]: 263 - 449, and vol. 5 [1876]: 1 - 104)." type="book chapter" year="1875">1875</bibRefCitation>
), the two individuals collected by Péron and Lesueur in Mauritius in 1803 belong to two species that differ, among other characters, by the presence (
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C405214FCCDB721FC73FEC9" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[822,963,343,369]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Dactylosaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cylindricus">
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FCCDB721FC73FEC9" box="[822,963,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">D. cylindricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or absence of enlarged granules on the central part of abactinal plates. He created the species
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C405214FAC8B70EFB9EFE08" authority="Perrier, 1869" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1869" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Ophidiaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="purpureus">
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FAC8B70EFC25FE08" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Ophidiaster purpureus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C405214FC65B7EFFB9EFE08" author="Perrier" box="[926,1070,406,432]" firstAuthor="Perrier" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" pagination="1 - 81" refId="ref14754" refString="PERRIER E. 1869. - Recherches sur les Pedicellaires et les Ambulacres des Asteries et des Oursins. Masson, Paris, 188 p. (the part on asteroids is also published in: Annales des Sciences naturelles 13 [1]: 1 - 81). https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14144" type="book chapter" year="1869">Perrier, 1869</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(see further under that species) to accommodate the second individual.
</paragraph>
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<mods:affiliation id="34451DEBBBC6C3E19CE7D8E44A88126B">Laboratoire de Biologie marine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50 avenue F. D. Roosevelt, B- 1050 Bruxelles (Belgium) and Laboratoire de Biologie marine, Université de Mons, 20 Place du Parc, B- 7000 Mons (Belgium)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="2C2DC509B5FC95E09F9B71900CE1F727">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="E26B06BE3D25B7A510EB0C70A2C8B66B">
<mods:title id="3BA15E9015BD0DDA1CACED4E56106B08">Zoosystema</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="A7EB69DFA8555FEFC2BA6DF13ED44169">
<mods:date id="60A0AB3C991D1C2E09D835C0C541DFA6">2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="4AC34105401F6A01CB436F31BDEA7319" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="BE51C2A665A3BF9D5BB46DC893C9E3D8">2021-05-11</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="3B43D37A6EA7C99FB956A374F2E8479A" type="volume">
<mods:number id="42A4D2546ED8459A31CF5C8D06BA1216">43</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="2D7B0F2B0ACFDCBD0A9A9FF3E89D712C" type="issue">
<mods:number id="A652FA84F290C003F538FF134BFEFB6E">13</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="ACAD7B5BBE11FBED43F3089B9832CDFA">213</mods:start>
<mods:end id="1CB71CD909BF68E1C5B41D2C112DBD2A">252</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="35E3B5664CCB1484E22388B3A348D3A4">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="89737DA95188210F227218694F9C7C0A" type="DOI">10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a13</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A8B89E894DAEAAE085E467E2E10C622C" type="ISSN">1638-9387</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9C06C7714ED70D03252946833E221F28" type="Zenodo-Dep">4768141</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="78AF8C535C050BE892DCABF7126C156E" type="ZooBank">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:47EAA3BE-82DB-4363-BA57-43F4CF508AC6</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="C87A08530C405214FEF7B6AEFD3DF9B5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14866572" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14866572" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C87A08530C405214FEF7B6AEFD3DF9B5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C87A08530C405214FEF7B6AEFD3DF9B5" lastPageNumber="225" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C405214FEF7B6AEFD30FF49" box="[268,640,215,242]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C405214FEF7B6AEFD30FF49" blockId="14.[268,640,215,273]" box="[268,640,215,242]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
<heading id="1B240E290C405214FEF7B6AEFD30FF49" box="[268,640,215,242]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C405214FEF7B6AEFD30FF49" ID-CoL="7NPX9" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[268,640,215,242]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cuspidata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FEF7B6AEFEC3FF4A" bold="true" box="[268,371,215,242]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">cuspidata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C405214FE81B6AEFD91FF49" author="Lamarck" box="[378,545,215,241]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FDD7B6AEFD30FF49" bold="true" box="[556,640,215,241]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Asterias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C405214FE6CB68EFE44FEA9" box="[407,500,247,273]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" type="description">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C405214FE6CB68EFE44FEA9" blockId="14.[268,640,215,273]" box="[407,500,247,273]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
(
<figureCitation id="D8E8A5C00C405214FE65B68EFE5CFEA9" box="[414,492,247,273]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[132,143,1985,2003]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,216,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-77@13.[132,1455,216,1879]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 10. — Asterias cuspidata Lamarck,1816: A, B, abactinal (A) and actinal (B) surfaces; C, profile view; D, interradial arc and ambulacral armament; E, holotype of the species (A-D, MHNH, Lesueur collection 74022, details, courtesy of MHNH; E, MNHN-IE-2014-3). Scale bar: E, 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768163" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4768163/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C405214FF7FB74BFE4FFEC3" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C405214FF7FB74BFE4EFEF1" blockId="14.[132,510,305,330]" box="[132,510,305,330]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C405214FF7FB74BFE4EFEF1" box="[132,510,305,330]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C405214FF7FB74BFE4AFEF1" author="LAMARCK J. B. &amp; DE" box="[132,506,305,330]" page="553" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" year="1816">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C405214FF7FB74BFE4AFEF1" authority="Lamarck, 1816: 553" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityPageNumber="553" authorityYear="1816" box="[132,506,305,330]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cuspidata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FF7FB74BFE9AFEF2" box="[132,298,306,330]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Asterias cuspidata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C405214FECBB74BFE4AFEF1" author="Lamarck" box="[304,506,305,330]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" page="553" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816: 553</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C405214FF7FB71AFE4FFEC3" blockId="14.[132,511,355,379]" box="[132,511,355,379]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C405214FF7FB71AFE4FFEC3" box="[132,511,355,379]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FF7FB71AFEE0FEC2" box="[132,336,355,379]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C405214FF7FB71AFE8CFEC3" ID-CoL="3GVF4" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[132,316,355,379]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Goniaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tessellatus">Goniaster tessellatus</taxonomicName>
–
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C405214FEADB71AFE4BFEC3" author="CLARK A. M." box="[342,507,355,379]" page="256" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C405214FEADB71AFE4BFEC3" author="Clark" box="[342,507,355,379]" firstAuthor="Clark" page="256" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref13772" refString="CLARK A. M. 1993. - An index of recent Asteroidea. Part 2: Valvatida, in JANGOUX M. &amp; LAWRENCE J. M. (eds), Echinoderm Studies, vol. 4. Balkema, Rotterdam: 187 - 366." type="book chapter" year="1993">Clark 1993: 256</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C405214FF7FB7ECFEADFE5C" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C405214FF7FB7ECFEADFE5C" blockId="14.[132,775,404,484]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
CURRENT STATUS. —
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C405214FE9BB7EDFDB9FE14" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[352,521,404,428]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cuspidata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FE9BB7EDFDB9FE14" box="[352,521,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Asterias cuspidata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is transferred here to the genus
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C405214FF39B7C8FE0EFE71" authority="Stimpson, 1857" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1857" box="[194,446,433,457]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Mediaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FF39B7C8FEAEFE71" box="[194,286,433,457]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Mediaster</emphasis>
Stimpson, 1857
</taxonomicName>
as
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C405214FE27B7C8FF0FFE5C" authority="(Lamarck, 1816)" authorityName="Jangoux" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Mediaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cuspidatus" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FE27B7C8FD2EFE71" box="[476,670,433,457]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Mediaster cuspidatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C405214FD51B7C8FF08FE5C" author="Lamarck" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6994D82C0C405214FF3EB7B5FEADFE5C" box="[197,285,460,484]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C405214FF7FB784FD7DFDF2" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C405214FF7FB784FD7DFDF2" blockId="14.[130,776,509,586]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
<materialsCitation id="F0BBB3180C405214FE94B787FD26FD97" collectorName="Peron &amp; Lesueur" location="South Seas" municipality="South Seas" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" specimenCode="MNHN-IE-2014-3" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FE94B787FE66FDAE" bold="true" box="[367,470,510,534]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
<collectingMunicipality id="A008233F0C405214FE94B787FE66FDAE" box="[367,470,510,534]" name="South Seas" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">South Seas</collectingMunicipality>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCode id="1075113E0C405214FE13B784FD14FDAD" box="[488,676,509,533]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">MNHN-IE-2014-3</specimenCode>
;
<typeStatus id="9F6807E70C405214FD55B784FCB3FDAD" box="[686,771,509,533]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; Baudin expedition (1800-1804);
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C405214FE3BB46EFE48FD97" box="[448,504,535,559]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Péron</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C405214FDDDB461FDC2FD97" box="[550,626,536,559]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Lesueur</collectorName>
leg
</materialsCitation>
. •
<materialsCitation id="F0BBB3180C405214FD50B461FD7DFDF2" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
<collectionCode id="26C221800C405214FD50B461FCB1FD97" box="[683,769,536,559]" collectionName="MHNH" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">MHNH</collectionCode>
;
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C405214FF78B44BFF60FDF1" box="[131,208,562,585]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Lesueur</collectorName>
drawings collection; ref. 74022;
<location id="450CEF9E0C405214FDEAB44BFDE8FDF2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C87A08530C405214FEF7B6AEFD3DF9B5:450CEF9E0C405214FDEAB44BFDE8FDF2" box="[529,600,562,586]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Baudin</location>
expedition.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C405214FF7FB41AFE3CFD08" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C405214FF7FB41AFE3CFD08" blockId="14.[132,775,611,688]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
DISTRIBUTION. — South Seas. (Note that the related species
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C405214FD46B41AFE77FD2D" authority="H. L. Clark, 1916" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1916" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Mediaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="australiensis">
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FD46B41AFEA2FD2D" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Mediaster australiensis</emphasis>
H. L.
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C405214FEAAB404FE77FD2D" author="Clark" box="[337,455,637,661]" firstAuthor="Clark" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" pagination="1 - 123" refId="ref14017" refString="CLARK H. L. 1916. - Report on the sea-lilies, starfishes, brittle-stars and sea-urchins obtained by the F. I. S. Endeavour on the coasts of Queensland, New South Wales, Tasmania, Victoria, South Australia and Western Australia. Biological Results of the F. I. S. Endeavour 4 (1): 1 - 123." type="journal article" year="1916">Clark, 1916</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
was found in
<collectingCountry id="38C4F9D50C405214FDB5B404FD14FD2D" box="[590,676,637,661]" name="Australia" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Australia</collectingCountry>
[
<collectingRegion id="821777A70C405214FD54B404FCB3FD2D" box="[687,771,637,661]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Victoria</collectingRegion>
, Bass Strait] and
<collectingRegion id="821777A70C405214FEDAB4E1FE33FD08" box="[289,387,664,688]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
.)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C405214FF7FB4AFFD3DF9B5" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C405214FF7FB4AFFF58FD56" blockId="14.[130,777,726,1549]" box="[132,232,726,752]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">REMARKS</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C405214FF7FB48CFEF4FB16" blockId="14.[130,777,726,1549]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
Both Lesueur’s drawings and the original
<typeStatus id="9F6807E70C405214FD9EB48CFD78FCB7" box="[613,712,757,783]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
label attest that Lamarck’s
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C405214FE78B56FFDFBFC97" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[387,587,789,816]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cuspidata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FE78B56FFDFBFC97" box="[387,587,789,816]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Asterias cuspidata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
originates from the South Seas. Surprisingly
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C405214FE3FB54CFDF9FCF7" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[452,585,821,847]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cuspidata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FE3FB54CFDF9FCF7" box="[452,585,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">A. cuspidata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was considered a synonym of the Atlantic
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C405214FE62B52CFCB3FCD7" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[409,771,853,879]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tessellata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FE62B52CFDFFFCD7" box="[409,591,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Asterias tessellata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C405214FDAEB52CFCB3FCD7" author="Lamarck" box="[597,771,853,879]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, which is more than unlikely both geographically and morphologically. Lamarck himself reported that
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C405214FD84B5ECFCB7FC17" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[639,775,917,943]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cuspidata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FD84B5ECFCB7FC17" box="[639,775,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">A. cuspidata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
“differs from
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C405214FEE1B5CCFE61FC77" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[282,465,949,975]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tessellata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FEE1B5CCFE61FC77" box="[282,465,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Asterias tessellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because its angles continue with long spikes resembling straight horns or rays [On l’en distingue par ses angles prolongés en longues pointes comme des cornes droites ou des rayons]”. In fact, the
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FF7DB24DFEE2FBF6" box="[134,338,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">cuspidata-tessellata</emphasis>
problem results from the confusion between
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C405214FF36B22DFE44FBD6" authority="Lamarck" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[205,500,1108,1134]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cuspidata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FF36B22DFE3CFBD6" box="[205,396,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Asterias cuspidata</emphasis>
Lamarck
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C405214FDD1B22CFEB2FB36" authority="Gray, 1840" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Goniaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cuspidatus">
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FDD1B22CFCB7FBD6" box="[554,775,1108,1135]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Goniaster cuspidatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C405214FF7FB20DFEB2FB36" author="Gray" box="[132,258,1140,1166]" firstAuthor="Gray" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" pagination="175 - 184" refId="ref14219" refString="GRAY J. E. 1840. - A synopsis of the genera and species of Hypostoma (Asterias Linnaeus). Annals and Magazine of natural History 6: 175 - 184 and 275 - 290. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745484009443282" type="journal article" year="1840">Gray, 1840</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
the latter being indeed synonym of Lamarck’s
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FF7FB2EDFEF4FB16" box="[132,324,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C405214FF7FB2EDFEF0FB16" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[132,320,1172,1198]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tessellata">Asterias tessellata</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C405214FF60B2CDFD3DF9B5" blockId="14.[130,777,726,1549]" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">
From its overall morphological features,
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C405214FDABB2CDFCB7FB76" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[592,775,1204,1230]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cuspidata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FDABB2CDFCB7FB76" box="[592,775,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Asterias cuspidata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to the
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C405214FEDDB2ADFE0FFB56" authorityName="E.Forbes" authorityYear="1841" box="[294,447,1236,1262]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Goniasteridae</taxonomicName>
, and its closest genus is
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C405214FD3CB2ADFEDDFAB6" authority="Stimpson, 1857" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1857" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Mediaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FD3CB2ADFF03FAB5" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Mediaster</emphasis>
Stimpson, 1857
</taxonomicName>
. Indeed
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C405214FE36B28DFDFFFAB5" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[461,591,1267,1294]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cuspidata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FE36B28DFDFFFAB5" box="[461,591,1267,1294]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">A. cuspidata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is clearly related to the Australian species
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C405214FE69B36AFF0CFAF5" authority="H. L. Clark, 1916" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1916" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Mediaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="australiensis">
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FE69B36AFDCBFA95" box="[402,635,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Mediaster australiensis</emphasis>
H. L.
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C405214FD38B36AFF0CFAF5" author="Clark" firstAuthor="Clark" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" pagination="1 - 123" refId="ref14017" refString="CLARK H. L. 1916. - Report on the sea-lilies, starfishes, brittle-stars and sea-urchins obtained by the F. I. S. Endeavour on the coasts of Queensland, New South Wales, Tasmania, Victoria, South Australia and Western Australia. Biological Results of the F. I. S. Endeavour 4 (1): 1 - 123." type="journal article" year="1916">Clark, 1916</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C405214FF31B34AFE28FAF5" author="Clark" box="[202,408,1331,1358]" firstAuthor="Clark" page="30 - 31" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" pagination="1 - 123" refId="ref14017" refString="CLARK H. L. 1916. - Report on the sea-lilies, starfishes, brittle-stars and sea-urchins obtained by the F. I. S. Endeavour on the coasts of Queensland, New South Wales, Tasmania, Victoria, South Australia and Western Australia. Biological Results of the F. I. S. Endeavour 4 (1): 1 - 123." type="journal article" year="1916">Clark 1916: 30-31</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 9), a species known from Bass Strait and around
<collectingRegion id="821777A70C405214FEC5B32AFE17FAD5" box="[318,423,1363,1389]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
. Some differences occur, however, such as the general appearance (the disc area of
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C405214FD7EB30AFCB5FA35" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[645,773,1395,1421]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cuspidata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FD7EB30AFCB5FA35" box="[645,773,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">A. cuspidata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is narrower giving it a more stellate form) or the occurrence in
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C405214FF5BB3CAFEAFFA75" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[160,287,1459,1485]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cuspidata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FF5BB3CAFEAFFA75" box="[160,287,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">A. cuspidata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of a row of enlarged carinal plates. Therefore, awaiting additional information of
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C405214FE0EB3ADFD23FA55" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1916" box="[501,659,1491,1517]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Mediaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="225" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="australiensis">
<emphasis id="72A765570C405214FE0EB3ADFD23FA55" box="[501,659,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="225">M. australiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
variability, it sounds better to keep the two species separate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

127
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<mods:title id="34BC344D966E42B6B6B43EB1724E7214">The asteroid species of Lamarck (Echinodermata: Asteroidea)</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C425216FC4CB3CBFA94FA75" box="[951,1316,1458,1485]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C425216FC4CB3CBFA94FA75" blockId="12.[951,1316,1458,1517]" box="[951,1316,1458,1485]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">
<heading id="1B240E290C425216FC4CB3CBFA94FA75" box="[951,1316,1458,1485]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C425216FC4CB3CBFA94FA75" ID-CoL="7NPX9" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[951,1316,1458,1485]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="clavigera">
<emphasis id="72A765570C425216FC4CB3CBFBA7FA75" bold="true" box="[951,1047,1458,1485]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">clavigera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C425216FBE4B3CAFB75FA75" author="Lamarck" box="[1055,1221,1459,1485]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="72A765570C425216FB2BB3CAFA94FA75" bold="true" box="[1232,1316,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">Asterias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C425216FBBDB3AAFB26FA55" box="[1094,1174,1491,1517]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" type="description">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C425216FBBDB3AAFB26FA55" blockId="12.[951,1316,1458,1517]" box="[1094,1174,1491,1517]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">
(
<figureCitation id="D8E8A5C00C425216FBB5B3AAFB3DFA55" box="[1102,1165,1491,1517]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[265,276,1161,1179]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1119]" captionTargetId="figure-340@12.[132,1455,216,1135]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 9. — Asterias clavigera Lamarck, 1816: abactinal and actinal surfaces of a syntype (MNHN-IE-2014-71). Scale bar: 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768161" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4768161/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C425216FCD6B06CFB18F9DE" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C425216FCD6B06CFB10F995" blockId="12.[813,1184,1557,1581]" box="[813,1184,1557,1581]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C425216FCD6B06CFB10F995" box="[813,1184,1557,1581]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C425216FCD6B06CFB2CF995" author="LAMARCK J. B. &amp; DE" box="[813,1180,1557,1581]" page="562" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" year="1816">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C425216FCD6B06CFB2CF995" authority="Lamarck, 1816: 562" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityPageNumber="562" authorityYear="1816" box="[813,1180,1557,1581]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="clavigera">
<emphasis id="72A765570C425216FCD6B06CFC7BF995" box="[813,971,1557,1581]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">Asterias clavigera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C425216FC29B06CFB2CF995" author="Lamarck" box="[978,1180,1557,1581]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" page="562" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816: 562</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C425216FCD6B034FB18F9DE" blockId="12.[813,1192,1613,1638]" box="[813,1192,1613,1638]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C425216FCD6B034FB18F9DE" box="[813,1192,1613,1638]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">
<emphasis id="72A765570C425216FCD6B034FC49F9DD" box="[813,1017,1613,1637]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C425216FCD6B034FC55F9DD" ID-CoL="43PCN" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[813,997,1613,1637]" class="Asteroidea" family="Mithrodiidae" genus="Mithrodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="clavigera">Mithrodia clavigera</taxonomicName>
–
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C425216FC04B034FB14F9DE" author="CLARK A. M." box="[1023,1188,1613,1638]" page="324" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C425216FC04B034FB14F9DE" author="Clark" box="[1023,1188,1613,1638]" firstAuthor="Clark" page="324" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref13772" refString="CLARK A. M. 1993. - An index of recent Asteroidea. Part 2: Valvatida, in JANGOUX M. &amp; LAWRENCE J. M. (eds), Echinoderm Studies, vol. 4. Balkema, Rotterdam: 187 - 366." type="book chapter" year="1993">Clark 1993: 324</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C425216FCD6B0F1FADCF926" box="[813,1388,1670,1696]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C425216FCD6B0F1FADCF926" blockId="12.[813,1388,1670,1696]" box="[813,1388,1670,1696]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">
CURRENT STATUS. —
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C425216FBFAB0FFFAD9F926" ID-CoL="43PCN" authority="(Lamarck, 1816)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[1025,1385,1670,1694]" class="Asteroidea" family="Mithrodiidae" genus="Mithrodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="clavigera">
<emphasis id="72A765570C425216FBFAB0FFFB0AF926" box="[1025,1210,1670,1694]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">Mithrodia clavigera</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C425216FB3CB0FFFAD0F926" author="Lamarck" box="[1223,1376,1670,1694]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C425216FCD6B0C6FA20F949" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C425216FCD6B0C6FA20F949" blockId="12.[813,1455,1727,1778]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">
MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
<materialsCitation id="F0BBB3180C425216FBD9B0B9FA3CF949" collectorName="Peron &amp; Lesueur" country="Mauritius" location="Mauritius" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" specimenCode="MNHN-IE-2014-71" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="syntype">
<emphasis id="72A765570C425216FBD9B0B9FB35F960" bold="true" box="[1058,1157,1728,1752]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">
<collectingCountry id="38C4F9D50C425216FBD9B0B9FB35F960" box="[1058,1157,1728,1752]" name="Mauritius" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" value="Mauritius">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCode id="1075113E0C425216FB61B0C6FAD9F96F" box="[1178,1385,1727,1751]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">MNHN-IE-2014-71</specimenCode>
:
<specimenCount id="56D572CC0C425216FA8FB0C6FA31F96F" box="[1396,1409,1727,1751]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" type="generic">2</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="9F6807E70C425216FA7DB0C6FCD2F94A" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
; Baudin expedition (1800-1804);
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C425216FB4BB0A0FB58F949" box="[1200,1256,1753,1777]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">Péron</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C425216FAE1B0A3FAD7F949" box="[1306,1383,1754,1777]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">Lesueur</collectorName>
leg
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C425216FCD6B16AFAC7F8FC" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C425216FCD6B16AFAC7F8FC" blockId="12.[813,1455,1810,1860]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">DISTRIBUTION. — Widely distributed in the tropical Indo-West Pacific; a few records in tropical Atlantic (Central America).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C425216FCD6B10BFA23F854" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C425216FCD6B10BFC37F832" blockId="12.[813,1455,1906,2028]" box="[813,903,1906,1932]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">REMARK</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C425216FCD6B1E8FA23F854" blockId="12.[813,1455,1906,2028]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">Though the species was collected by Péron and Lesueur during the Baudin expedition, no drawings of this species could be found in the Lesueur collection at Le Havre Museum.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="F29FECF32DB76F0B1D4C3D34572ECB43">The asteroid species of Lamarck (Echinodermata: Asteroidea)</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C425216FEF1B3ABFD31FA55" ID-CoL="7NPX9" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[266,641,1490,1517]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="carinifera">
<emphasis id="72A765570C425216FEF1B3ABFEC4FA54" bold="true" box="[266,372,1490,1516]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">carinifera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C425216FE80B3AAFD92FA55" author="Lamarck" box="[379,546,1491,1517]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="72A765570C425216FDD6B3AAFD31FA55" bold="true" box="[557,641,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">Asterias</emphasis>
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(
<figureCitation id="D8E8A5C00C425216FE5EB38AFE54F9B5" box="[421,484,1523,1549]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[132,143,1985,2003]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,1199,1961]" captionTargetId="figure-175@11.[699,889,1579,1769]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 8. — Asterias carinifera Lamarck, 1816: A, B, abactinal (A) and actinal (B) surfaces; C, profile view; D, ambulacral armament and actinolateral and inferomarginal plates (A-D, Lesueur collection 74041, details, courtesy of MHNH)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768159" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4768159/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C425216FF7FB05FFE4FF9DF" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C425216FF7FB05FFDB0F985" blockId="12.[130,775,1573,1817]" box="[132,512,1573,1598]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C425216FF7FB05FFDB0F985" box="[132,512,1573,1598]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C425216FF7FB05FFE4CF985" author="LAMARCK J. B. &amp; DE" box="[132,508,1573,1598]" page="556" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" year="1816">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C425216FF7FB05FFE4CF985" authority="Lamarck, 1816: 556" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityPageNumber="556" authorityYear="1816" box="[132,508,1573,1598]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="carinifera">
<emphasis id="72A765570C425216FF7FB05FFE9CF986" box="[132,300,1574,1598]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">Asterias carinifera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C425216FEC9B05FFE4CF985" author="Lamarck" box="[306,508,1573,1598]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" page="556" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816: 556</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C425216FF7FB036FE4FF9DF" box="[132,511,1615,1639]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">
<emphasis id="72A765570C425216FF7FB036FEE0F9DF" box="[132,336,1615,1639]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C425216FF7FB036FE8DF9DF" ID-CoL="67W73" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[132,317,1615,1639]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteropseidae" genus="Asteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="carinifera">Asteropsis carinifera</taxonomicName>
–
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C425216FEADB036FE4BF9DF" author="CLARK A. M." box="[342,507,1615,1639]" page="320" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C425216FEADB036FE4BF9DF" author="Clark" box="[342,507,1615,1639]" firstAuthor="Clark" page="320" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref13772" refString="CLARK A. M. 1993. - An index of recent Asteroidea. Part 2: Valvatida, in JANGOUX M. &amp; LAWRENCE J. M. (eds), Echinoderm Studies, vol. 4. Balkema, Rotterdam: 187 - 366." type="book chapter" year="1993">Clark 1993: 320</bibRefCitation>
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.
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CURRENT STATUS. —
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<emphasis id="72A765570C425216FEA2B000FDA2F929" box="[345,530,1657,1681]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">Asteropsis carinifera</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C425216FDE5B000FD07F929" author="Lamarck" box="[542,695,1657,1681]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
)
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.
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MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
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<collectionCode id="26C221800C425216FE8BB0DAFE74F902" box="[368,452,1699,1722]" collectionName="MHNH" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">MHNH</collectionCode>
;
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C425216FE37B0DAFDA6F902" box="[460,534,1699,1722]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">Lesueur</collectorName>
collection 74041;
<location id="450CEF9E0C425216FD39B0DBFCB7F902" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C87A08530C425216FEF1B3ABFB8CFAD6:450CEF9E0C425216FD39B0DBFCB7F902" box="[706,775,1698,1722]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">Baudin</location>
expedition (1800-1804);
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C425216FE81B0C4FE02F96D" box="[378,434,1725,1749]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">Péron</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C425216FE1FB0C4FD81F96C" box="[484,561,1725,1748]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">Lesueur</collectorName>
leg
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.
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<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C425216FF7FB09EFF7DF8A1" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C425216FF7FB09EFF7DF8A1" blockId="12.[130,775,1573,1817]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">DISTRIBUTION. — Widely distributed in the tropical Indo-West Pacific.</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C425216FF7FB12BFB8CFAD6" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C425216FF7FB12BFF6EF8D2" blockId="12.[132,776,1874,2028]" box="[132,222,1874,1900]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">REMARK</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C425216FF7FB108FB8CFAD6" blockId="12.[132,776,1874,2028]" lastBlockId="12.[811,1457,1267,1390]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">
Lamarck’s Latin diagnosis for
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C425216FE38B10BFDCCF833" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[451,636,1905,1932]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="carinifera">
<emphasis id="72A765570C425216FE38B10BFDCCF833" box="[451,636,1905,1932]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">Asterias carinifera</emphasis>
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is as follows: “
<emphasis id="72A765570C425216FF6BB1E8FEA4F873" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">angulis prorrectis; margine aculato; dorso carinis quinque aculatis muricato</emphasis>
[angles well marked; margin spiny; carinated arms each with a row of prominent spines]”. This definition clearly corresponds to adult individuals of
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C425216FB07B28DFACFFAB6" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[1276,1407,1268,1294]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="carinifera">
<emphasis id="72A765570C425216FB07B28DFACFFAB6" box="[1276,1407,1268,1294]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">A. carinifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see further comment under the species
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C425216FB66B36DFCD9FAF6" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C425216FB66B36DFAF8FA95" box="[1181,1352,1300,1326]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">Asterias punctata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C425216FAB6B36AFCD9FAF6" author="Lamarck" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). Péron and Lesueur’s material of
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C425216FB3EB34DFAF4FAF5" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[1221,1348,1331,1358]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="carinifera">
<emphasis id="72A765570C425216FB3EB34DFAF4FAF5" box="[1221,1348,1331,1358]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">A. carinifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could not be found in the MNHN.
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<heading id="1B240E290C445210FF12B088FD13F8B4" box="[233,675,1777,1804]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C445210FF12B088FD13F8B4" ID-CoL="7NPX9" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[233,675,1777,1804]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="calcitrapa">
<emphasis id="72A765570C445210FF12B088FEE4F8B4" bold="true" box="[233,340,1777,1804]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">calcitrapa</emphasis>
var. 1
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C445210FE66B08BFDF4F8B4" author="Lamarck" box="[413,580,1778,1804]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="72A765570C445210FDB4B08BFD13F8B4" bold="true" box="[591,675,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">Asterias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C445210FE65B16BFE5EF895" box="[414,494,1810,1837]" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" type="description">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C445210FE65B16BFE5EF895" blockId="10.[233,675,1777,1837]" box="[414,494,1810,1837]" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">
(
<figureCitation id="D8E8A5C00C445210FE5EB16BFE54F895" box="[421,484,1810,1837]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[131,142,1079,1097]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1035]" captionTargetId="figure-382@10.[132,1455,203,1035]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 6. — Asterias calcitrapa var. 1 Lamarck, 1816: A, B, abactinal (A) and actinal (B) surfaces; C, arm cross-section showing arrangement of skeletal plates; D, ambulacral armament and inferomarginal plates (Lesueur collection 74012, details, courtesy of MHNH)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768153" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4768153/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C445210FF7FB12DFDA1F825" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C445210FF7FB12DFDB1F8D4" blockId="10.[132,513,1876,1900]" box="[132,513,1876,1900]" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C445210FF7FB12DFDB1F8D4" box="[132,513,1876,1900]" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C445210FF7FB12DFE4DF8D4" author="LAMARCK J. B. &amp; DE" box="[132,509,1876,1900]" page="563" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" year="1816">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C445210FF7FB12DFE4DF8D4" authority="Lamarck, 1816: 563" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityPageNumber="563" authorityYear="1816" box="[132,509,1876,1900]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="calcitrapa">
<emphasis id="72A765570C445210FF7FB12DFE9DF8D4" box="[132,301,1876,1900]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">Asterias calcitrapa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C445210FEC8B12DFE4DF8D4" author="Lamarck" box="[307,509,1876,1900]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" page="563" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816: 563</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C445210FF7FB1FCFDA1F825" blockId="10.[132,529,1925,1949]" box="[132,529,1925,1949]" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C445210FF7FB1FCFDA1F825" box="[132,529,1925,1949]" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C445210FF7FB1FCFEFFF825" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[132,335,1925,1949]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="calcitrapa">
<emphasis id="72A765570C445210FF7FB1FCFEFFF825" box="[132,335,1925,1949]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">Astropecten calcitrapa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C445210FE93B1FCFDBDF825" author="CLARK A. M." box="[360,525,1925,1949]" page="254" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" year="1989">
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C445210FE93B1FCFDBDF825" author="Clark" box="[360,525,1925,1949]" firstAuthor="Clark" page="254" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" pagination="225 - 347" refId="ref13722" refString="CLARK A. M. 1989. - An index of recent Asteroidea. Part 1: Paxillosida and Notomyotida, in JANGOUX M. &amp; LAWRENCE J. M. (eds), Echinoderm Studies, vol. 3. Balkema, Rotterdam: 225 - 347." type="book chapter" year="1989">Clark 1989: 254</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C445210FF7FB1CEFDFDF851" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C445210FF7FB1CEFDFDF851" blockId="10.[131,775,1974,2025]" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">
CURRENT STATUS. —
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C445210FEA8B1CFFE49F876" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[339,505,1974,1998]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="calcitrapa">
<emphasis id="72A765570C445210FEA8B1CFFE49F876" box="[339,505,1974,1998]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">Asterias calcitrapa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
var. 1 is newly synonymized here with
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C445210FF1EB1A9FDF9F851" authority="(Sladen, 1883)" baseAuthorityName="Sladen" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[229,585,2000,2025]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Bollonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pectinatus">
<emphasis id="72A765570C445210FF1EB1A9FE1FF850" box="[229,431,2000,2024]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">Bollonaster pectinatus</emphasis>
(Sladen, 1883)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C445210FCD6B2E0FAF1FB73" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C445210FCD6B2E0FAF1FB73" blockId="10.[813,1455,1176,1227]" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">
MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
<materialsCitation id="F0BBB3180C445210FBD5B2E0FA8DFB73" collectionCode="MHNH" country="Australia" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">
<collectionCode id="26C221800C445210FBD5B2E0FB35FB08" box="[1070,1157,1177,1200]" collectionName="MHNH" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">MHNH</collectionCode>
;
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C445210FB6AB2E0FB6FFB08" box="[1169,1247,1177,1200]" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">Lesueur</collectorName>
drawings collection; ref. 74012;
<location id="450CEF9E0C445210FC5BB2CAFC57FB73" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C87A08530C445210FF12B088FBBFF9A9:450CEF9E0C445210FC5BB2CAFC57FB73" box="[928,999,1203,1227]" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">Baudin</location>
expedition;
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C445210FB9AB2CAFB29FB73" box="[1121,1177,1203,1227]" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">Péron</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C445210FB30B2CDFAA8FB73" box="[1227,1304,1204,1227]" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">Lesueur</collectorName>
leg
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C445210FCD6B28DFBD1FA9F" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C445210FCD6B28DFBD1FA9F" blockId="10.[811,1456,1268,1319]" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">DISTRIBUTION. — The species occurs in temperate water of southern Australia and around Tasmania.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C445210FCD6B32CFBBFF9A9" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C445210FCD6B32CFC21FAD5" blockId="10.[811,1455,1365,1553]" box="[813,913,1365,1391]" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">REMARKS</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C445210FCD6B30CFB8EFA08" blockId="10.[811,1455,1365,1553]" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">
Péron and Lesueur’s material of
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C445210FB7BB30CFAB2FA37" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[1152,1282,1397,1423]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="calcitrapa">
<emphasis id="72A765570C445210FB7BB30CFAB2FA37" box="[1152,1282,1397,1423]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">A. calcitrapa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
var. 1 could not be found in the MNHN.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C445210FCB8B3CFFBBFF9A9" blockId="10.[811,1455,1365,1553]" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">
Lesueur detailed drawings of both arm cross section and arm actinal surface (
<figureCitation id="D8E8A5C00C445210FC36B3AFFBD6FA48" box="[973,1126,1494,1520]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[131,142,1079,1097]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1035]" captionTargetId="figure-382@10.[132,1455,203,1035]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 6. — Asterias calcitrapa var. 1 Lamarck, 1816: A, B, abactinal (A) and actinal (B) surfaces; C, arm cross-section showing arrangement of skeletal plates; D, ambulacral armament and inferomarginal plates (Lesueur collection 74012, details, courtesy of MHNH)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768153" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4768153/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">Fig. 6C and D</figureCitation>
) allow to identify the species as
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C445210FCD6B38FFBB8F9A8" baseAuthorityName="Sladen" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[813,1032,1526,1552]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Bollonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pectinatus">
<emphasis id="72A765570C445210FCD6B38FFBB8F9A8" box="[813,1032,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">Bollonaster pectinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C48521CFF4FB148FD68F8F3" ID-CoL="7NPX9" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[180,728,1841,1868]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="variety" species="calcar" variety="quinqueangula">
<emphasis id="72A765570C48521CFF4FB148FF44F8F4" bold="true" box="[180,244,1841,1868]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">calcar</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="72A765570C48521CFEDCB148FE7AF8F4" bold="true" box="[295,458,1841,1868]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">quinqueangula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C48521CFE29B148FDC9F8F3" author="Lamarck" box="[466,633,1841,1867]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="72A765570C48521CFD7FB148FD68F8F3" bold="true" box="[644,728,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Asterias</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C48521CFE76B128FE4FF8D4" box="[397,511,1873,1900]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" type="description">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C48521CFE76B128FE4FF8D4" blockId="6.[180,728,1841,1900]" box="[397,511,1873,1900]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">
(
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)
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<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C48521CFF7FB1E1FD25F817" author="LAMARCK J. B. &amp; DE" box="[132,661,1943,1967]" page="557" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" year="1816">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C48521CFF7FB1E1FD25F817" authority="Lamarck, 1816: 557" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityPageNumber="557" authorityYear="1816" box="[132,661,1943,1967]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="variety" species="calcar" variety="quinqueangula">
<emphasis id="72A765570C48521CFF7FB1E1FEB8F817" box="[132,264,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Asterias calcar</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="72A765570C48521CFECCB1EEFE74F817" box="[311,452,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">quinqueangula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C48521CFE30B1EEFD25F817" author="Lamarck" box="[459,661,1943,1967]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" page="557" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816: 557</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C48521CFF7FB1A9FE43F850" blockId="6.[132,499,2000,2024]" box="[132,499,2000,2024]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C48521CFF7FB1A9FE43F850" box="[132,499,2000,2024]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">
<emphasis id="72A765570C48521CFF7FB1A9FEF3F850" box="[132,323,2000,2024]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C48521CFF7FB1A9FE80F850" ID-CoL="765K9" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[132,304,2000,2024]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Patiriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="regularis">Patiriella regularis</taxonomicName>
–
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C48521CFEB2B1A9FE5EF850" author="CLARK A. M." box="[329,494,2000,2024]" page="226" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C48521CFEB2B1A9FE5EF850" author="Clark" box="[329,494,2000,2024]" firstAuthor="Clark" page="226" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref13772" refString="CLARK A. M. 1993. - An index of recent Asteroidea. Part 2: Valvatida, in JANGOUX M. &amp; LAWRENCE J. M. (eds), Echinoderm Studies, vol. 4. Balkema, Rotterdam: 187 - 366." type="book chapter" year="1993">Clark 1993: 226</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C48521CFCD6B3ECFAC6FA7E" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C48521CFCD6B3ECFAC6FA7E" blockId="6.[813,1455,1428,1479]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">
CURRENT STATUS. —
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C48521CFBF1B3EDFAE6FA14" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[1034,1366,1428,1452]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="variety" species="calcar" variety="quinqueangula">
<emphasis id="72A765570C48521CFBF1B3EDFB23FA14" box="[1034,1171,1428,1452]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Asterias calcar</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="72A765570C48521CFB3DB3EDFAE6FA14" box="[1222,1366,1428,1452]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">quinqueangula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is newly synonymized here with
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C48521CFBECB3D6FAC2FA7E" authority="(Lamarck, 1816)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[1047,1394,1454,1479]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Parvulastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="exigua">
<emphasis id="72A765570C48521CFBECB3D6FB74FA7E" box="[1047,1220,1455,1479]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Parvulastra exigua</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C48521CFB2AB3D6FADAFA7E" author="Lamarck" box="[1233,1386,1454,1479]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C48521CFCD6B399FA19F995" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C48521CFCD6B399FA19F995" blockId="6.[811,1455,1504,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">
MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
<materialsCitation id="F0BBB3180C48521CFBDAB398FA15F995" collectorName="Peron &amp; Lesueur" country="Australia" location="Albany" municipality="King George Sound" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" specimenCode="MNHN-IE-2014-30" specimenCount="4" typeStatus="syntype">
<emphasis id="72A765570C48521CFBDAB398FBCAFA41" bold="true" box="[1057,1146,1505,1529]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">
<collectingCountry id="38C4F9D50C48521CFBDAB398FBCAFA41" box="[1057,1146,1505,1529]" name="Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" value="Australia">Australia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCode id="1075113E0C48521CFB75B399FAECFA40" box="[1166,1372,1504,1528]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">MNHN-IE-2014-30</specimenCode>
:
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C48521CFA93B399FBA6F9AA" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="variety" species="calcar" variety="quinqueangula">
<emphasis id="72A765570C48521CFA93B399FCD2F9AA" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Asterias calcar</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="72A765570C48521CFC77B383FBA6F9AA" box="[908,1046,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">quinqueangula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<specimenCount id="56D572CC0C48521CFBDBB383FB9DF9AA" box="[1056,1069,1530,1554]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" type="generic">4</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="9F6807E70C48521CFBCAB382FB34F9AB" box="[1073,1156,1531,1555]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
; Australia (
<collectingMunicipality id="A008233F0C48521CFB10B383FA1BF9AA" box="[1259,1451,1530,1554]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">King George Sound</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="450CEF9E0C48521CFCD0B06CFCC5F995" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C87A08530C48521CFF4FB148FB3CF853:450CEF9E0C48521CFCD0B06CFCC5F995" box="[811,885,1557,1581]" country="Australia" municipality="King George Sound" name="Albany" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Albany</location>
); Baudin expedition (1800-1804);
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C48521CFB31B06CFAB2F995" box="[1226,1282,1557,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Péron</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C48521CFACFB06CFA31F994" box="[1332,1409,1557,1580]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Lesueur</collectorName>
leg
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C48521CFCD6B02AFB3CF853" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C48521CFCD6B02AFC37F9D3" blockId="6.[811,1455,1619,2027]" box="[813,903,1619,1645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">REMARK</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C48521CFCD6B00BFB3CF853" blockId="6.[811,1455,1619,2027]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">
Since the publication of
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C48521CFBCFB00BFAB6F934" author="Perrier" box="[1076,1286,1650,1677]" firstAuthor="Perrier" page="299" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" pagination="1 - 104" refId="ref14818" refString="PERRIER E. 1875. - Revision de la Collection de Stellerides du Museum d'Histoire naturelle de Paris. 384 p, Reinwald, Paris (also published in: Archives de Zoologie experimentale et generale vol. 4 [1875]: 263 - 449, and vol. 5 [1876]: 1 - 104)." type="book chapter" year="1875">Perrier (1875: 299)</bibRefCitation>
, Lamarck
<emphasis id="72A765570C48521CFA8EB00AFC28F914" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">quinqueangula</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C48521CFC66B0EBFBA2F915" box="[925,1042,1682,1709]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" rank="variety" variety="was">variety was</taxonomicName>
considered a synonym of the common New Zealand asterinid,
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C48521CFBD3B0CBFA34F975" authority="(Verrill, 1867)" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[1064,1412,1714,1741]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Patiriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="regularis">
<emphasis id="72A765570C48521CFBD3B0CBFB53F974" box="[1064,1251,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Patiriella regularis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C48521CFB14B0CBFACCF975" author="Verrill" box="[1263,1404,1714,1741]" firstAuthor="Verrill" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" pagination="247 - 351" refId="ref14956" refString="VERRILL A. E. 1867. - Notes on Radiata in the Museum of Yale College. Transactions Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 1: 247 - 351." type="journal article" year="1867">Verrill, 1867</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Yet this should be reconsidered. Indeed, although the presence of
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C48521CFCD0B08AFC28F8B4" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[811,920,1778,1804]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Patiriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="regularis">
<emphasis id="72A765570C48521CFCD0B08AFC28F8B4" box="[811,920,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">P. regularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Australian waters, mostly Tasmanian, is proven, this presence is however recent. In fact
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C48521CFB2EB16BFAF5F894" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[1237,1349,1810,1836]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Patiriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="regularis">
<emphasis id="72A765570C48521CFB2EB16BFAF5F894" box="[1237,1349,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">P. regularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a species endemic to New Zealand, is said to have invaded Australian waters in the 20th century after 1930 (
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C48521CFB2BB128FADAF8D3" author="Dartnall" box="[1232,1386,1873,1899]" firstAuthor="Dartnall" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" pagination="53 - 55" refId="ref14085" refString="DARTNALL A. J. 1969. - New Zealand seastars in Tasmania. Papers and Proceedings of the royal Society of Tasmania 103: 53 - 55." type="journal article" year="1969">Dartnall 1969</bibRefCitation>
). This makes it rather unlikely that it was collected by Péron and Lesueur in South Australia or Tasmania in the early 19th century. The status of
<emphasis id="72A765570C48521CFC08B1C8FB3FF873" box="[1011,1167,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">quinqueangula</emphasis>
variety is discussed further under the species
<emphasis id="72A765570C48521CFC17B1A8FB3CF853" box="[1004,1164,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C48521CFC17B1A8FB38F853" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[1004,1160,2001,2027]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="exigua">Asterias exigua</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

133
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<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C515205FF56B38AFD6FF9B5" ID-CoL="7NPX9" box="[173,735,1522,1549]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="31" pageNumber="242" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="variety" species="rosacea" variety="lobis">
<emphasis id="72A765570C515205FF56B38AFF4BF9B5" bold="true" box="[173,251,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="242">rosacea</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="72A765570C515205FED4B38BFED0F9B5" bold="true" box="[303,352,1522,1549]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="242">lobis</emphasis>
<emphasis id="72A765570C515205FE93B38BFE62F9B5" bold="true" box="[360,466,1522,1549]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="242">quindenis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C515205FE22B38AFD30F9B5" author="Lamarck" box="[473,640,1523,1549]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="31" pageNumber="242" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="72A765570C515205FD70B38AFD6FF9B5" bold="true" box="[651,735,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="242">Asterias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="D8E8A5C00C515205FE65B06BFE5CF995" box="[414,492,1554,1581]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[132,143,1578,1596]" captionTargetBox="[131,1454,215,1536]" captionTargetId="figure-240@32.[131,1454,215,1536]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 33. — Asterias rosacea var. lobis quindenis Lamarck, 1816: A, B, abactinal (A) and actinal (B) surfaces; C, holotype of A. rosacea (actinal view); D, interradial arc and adambulacral spines (text: “from 4 to 5 spikes”); (A, B, D, MHNH, Lesueur collection 74035, details, courtesy of MHNH; C, MNHN-IE-2014-62)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768213" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4768213/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="242">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C515205FF7FB034FE54F9DD" authority="Lamarck, 1816: 558" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityPageNumber="558" authorityYear="1816" box="[132,484,1613,1637]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="31" pageNumber="242" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rosacea">
<emphasis id="72A765570C515205FF7FB034FEA3F9DD" box="[132,275,1613,1637]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="242">Asterias rosacea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C515205FEE1B034FE54F9DD" author="Lamarck" box="[282,484,1613,1637]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" page="558" pageId="31" pageNumber="242" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816: 558</bibRefCitation>
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.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C515205FF7FB007FE49F92E" blockId="31.[132,505,1662,1686]" box="[132,505,1662,1686]" pageId="31" pageNumber="242">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C515205FF7FB007FE49F92E" box="[132,505,1662,1686]" pageId="31" pageNumber="242">
<emphasis id="72A765570C515205FF7FB007FEFAF92E" box="[132,330,1662,1686]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="242">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C515205FF7FB007FE86F92E" ID-CoL="5V9WB" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[132,310,1662,1686]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Anseropoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="31" pageNumber="242" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rosacea">Anseropoda rosacea</taxonomicName>
–
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C515205FEABB007FE45F92E" author="CLARK A. M." box="[336,501,1662,1686]" page="206" pageId="31" pageNumber="242" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C515205FEABB007FE45F92E" author="Clark" box="[336,501,1662,1686]" firstAuthor="Clark" page="206" pageId="31" pageNumber="242" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref13772" refString="CLARK A. M. 1993. - An index of recent Asteroidea. Part 2: Valvatida, in JANGOUX M. &amp; LAWRENCE J. M. (eds), Echinoderm Studies, vol. 4. Balkema, Rotterdam: 187 - 366." type="book chapter" year="1993">Clark 1993: 206</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C515205FF7FB0C8FD0DF97F" box="[132,701,1711,1737]" pageId="31" pageNumber="242" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C515205FF7FB0C8FD0DF97F" blockId="31.[132,701,1711,1737]" box="[132,701,1711,1737]" pageId="31" pageNumber="242">
CURRENT STATUS. —
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C515205FEA2B0D6FD09F97F" ID-CoL="5V9WB" authority="(Lamarck, 1816)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[345,697,1711,1735]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Anseropoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="31" pageNumber="242" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rosacea">
<emphasis id="72A765570C515205FEA2B0D6FDBBF97F" box="[345,523,1711,1735]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="242">Anseropoda rosacea</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C515205FDE3B0D6FD01F97F" author="Lamarck" box="[536,689,1711,1735]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="31" pageNumber="242" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C515205FF7FB098FDDDF895" pageId="31" pageNumber="242" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C515205FF7FB098FDDDF895" blockId="31.[131,776,1760,1837]" pageId="31" pageNumber="242">
MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
<materialsCitation id="F0BBB3180C515205FE7BB099FDFDF8AB" collectorName="Peron &amp; Lesueur" country="Seychelles" pageId="31" pageNumber="242" specimenCode="MNHN-IE-2014-62" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCode id="1075113E0C515205FE7BB099FDFFF940" box="[384,591,1760,1784]" pageId="31" pageNumber="242">MNHN-IE-2014-62</specimenCode>
;
<typeStatus id="9F6807E70C515205FDA6B099FD05F940" box="[605,693,1760,1784]" pageId="31" pageNumber="242" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; Baudin expedition (1800-1804);
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C515205FE8DB082FE1EF8AB" box="[374,430,1787,1811]" pageId="31" pageNumber="242">Péron</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C515205FE21B082FD95F8AA" box="[474,549,1787,1810]" pageId="31" pageNumber="242">Lesueur</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="F0BBB3180C515205FDA5B082FDDAF895" collectionCode="MHNH" country="Seychelles" pageId="31" pageNumber="242" stateProvince="Mhnh">
<collectionCode id="26C221800C515205FDA5B082FD03F8AA" box="[606,691,1787,1810]" collectionName="MHNH" pageId="31" pageNumber="242">
<collectingRegion id="821777A70C515205FDA5B082FD03F8AA" box="[606,691,1787,1810]" pageId="31" pageNumber="242">MHNH</collectingRegion>
</collectionCode>
;
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C515205FD47B082FCB8F8AA" box="[700,776,1787,1810]" pageId="31" pageNumber="242">Lesueur</collectorName>
drawings collection; ref. 7435;
<location id="450CEF9E0C515205FE4AB16CFE48F895" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C87A08530C515205FF56B38AFD0DF853:450CEF9E0C515205FE4AB16CFE48F895" box="[433,504,1813,1837]" pageId="31" pageNumber="242">Baudin</location>
expedition
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C515205FF7FB13EFEE0F8C1" pageId="31" pageNumber="242" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C515205FF7FB13EFEE0F8C1" blockId="31.[131,775,1862,1913]" pageId="31" pageNumber="242">DISTRIBUTION. — West, north and north-east Australia, Indonesia, tropical West Pacific.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C515205FF7FB1CBFD0DF853" pageId="31" pageNumber="242" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C515205FF7FB1CBFF6EF872" blockId="31.[132,701,1970,2028]" box="[132,222,1970,1996]" pageId="31" pageNumber="242">REMARK</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C515205FF7FB1A8FD0DF853" blockId="31.[132,701,1970,2028]" box="[132,701,2001,2028]" pageId="31" pageNumber="242">
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C515205FF7FB1A8FE83F854" author="Lamarck" box="[132,307,2001,2028]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="31" pageNumber="242" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck (1816)</bibRefCitation>
gave no
<typeStatus id="9F6807E70C515205FE68B1ABFE71F854" box="[403,449,2002,2028]" pageId="31" pageNumber="242">type</typeStatus>
locality for the species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

235
data/C8/7A/08/C87A08530C525207FC43B3AAFD3CF853.xml Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
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<mods:title id="071F7F2D9DBAAECF0F0A46E6D97BCCB1">The asteroid species of Lamarck (Echinodermata: Asteroidea)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="C87A08530C525207FC43B3AAFD3CF853" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C87A08530C525207FC43B3AAFD3CF853" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C87A08530C525207FC43B3AAFD3CF853" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="240" pageId="28" pageNumber="239">
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C525206FC43B3AAFA94FA55" box="[952,1316,1491,1517]" pageId="28" pageNumber="239" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C525206FC43B3AAFA94FA55" blockId="28.[952,1316,1491,1549]" box="[952,1316,1491,1517]" pageId="28" pageNumber="239">
<heading id="1B240E290C525206FC43B3AAFA94FA55" box="[952,1316,1491,1517]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="239" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C525206FC43B3AAFA94FA55" ID-CoL="7NPX9" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[952,1316,1491,1517]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="239" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C525206FC43B3AAFBA8FA55" bold="true" box="[952,1048,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="239">punctata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C525206FBE5B3AAFB75FA55" author="Lamarck" box="[1054,1221,1491,1517]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="28" pageNumber="239" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="72A765570C525206FB2BB3AAFA94FA55" bold="true" box="[1232,1316,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="239">Asterias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C525206FBC4B38AFB2DF9B5" box="[1087,1181,1523,1549]" pageId="28" pageNumber="239" type="description">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C525206FBC4B38AFB2DF9B5" blockId="28.[952,1316,1491,1549]" box="[1087,1181,1523,1549]" pageId="28" pageNumber="239">
(
<figureCitation id="D8E8A5C00C525206FBBCB38AFB24F9B5" box="[1095,1172,1523,1549]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="30.[132,143,1985,2003]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,225,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-72@30.[132,1455,214,1915]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIG. 31. — Asterias punctata Lamarck, 1816: A, B, abactinal and actinal surfaces; C, E, abactinal and actinal sides of the arm tip; D, furrow and subambulacral spines; F, syntypes of the species MNHN-IE-2014-31 (A-E: MHNH, Lesueur collection 74043, details, courtesy of MHNH)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4768209/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="239">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C525206FCD6B055FB3FF9CB" pageId="28" pageNumber="239" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C525206FCD6B055FB11F9FB" blockId="28.[813,1185,1579,1604]" box="[813,1185,1579,1604]" pageId="28" pageNumber="239">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C525206FCD6B055FB11F9FB" box="[813,1185,1579,1604]" pageId="28" pageNumber="239">
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C525206FCD6B055FB2DF9FB" author="LAMARCK J. B. &amp; DE" box="[813,1181,1579,1604]" page="553" pageId="28" pageNumber="239" year="1816">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C525206FCD6B055FB2DF9FB" authority="Lamarck, 1816: 553" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityPageNumber="553" authorityYear="1816" box="[813,1181,1579,1604]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="239" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C525206FCD6B055FC7CF9FB" box="[813,972,1580,1603]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="239">Asterias punctata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C525206FC28B055FB2DF9FB" author="Lamarck" box="[979,1181,1579,1604]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" page="553" pageId="28" pageNumber="239" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816: 553</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C525206FCD6B025FB3FF9CB" blockId="28.[813,1167,1627,1651]" box="[813,1167,1627,1651]" pageId="28" pageNumber="239">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C525206FCD6B025FB3FF9CB" box="[813,1167,1627,1651]" pageId="28" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C525206FCD6B025FC7CF9CB" ID-CoL="HRLZ" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1847" box="[813,972,1628,1651]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteropseidae" genus="Petricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="239" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C525206FCD6B025FC7CF9CB" box="[813,972,1628,1651]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="239">Petricia punctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C525206FC1DB022FB3BF9CB" author="CLARK A. M." box="[998,1163,1627,1651]" page="321" pageId="28" pageNumber="239" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C525206FC1DB022FB3BF9CB" author="Clark" box="[998,1163,1627,1651]" firstAuthor="Clark" page="321" pageId="28" pageNumber="239" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref13772" refString="CLARK A. M. 1993. - An index of recent Asteroidea. Part 2: Valvatida, in JANGOUX M. &amp; LAWRENCE J. M. (eds), Echinoderm Studies, vol. 4. Balkema, Rotterdam: 187 - 366." type="book chapter" year="1993">Clark 1993: 321</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C525206FCD6B0F5FB49F905" pageId="28" pageNumber="239" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C525206FCD6B0F5FB49F905" blockId="28.[813,1461,1675,1725]" pageId="28" pageNumber="239">
CURRENT STATUS. —
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C525206FC07B0F2FB2AF91B" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[1020,1178,1675,1699]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="239" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C525206FC07B0F2FB2AF91B" box="[1020,1178,1675,1699]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="239">Asterias punctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is newly newly synonymized here with
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C525206FC74B0DFFB45F905" authority="(Lamarck, 1816)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[911,1269,1701,1725]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteropseidae" genus="Asteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="239" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="carinifera">
<emphasis id="72A765570C525206FC74B0DFFBF7F905" box="[911,1095,1701,1725]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="239">Asteropsis carinifera</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C525206FBAFB0DCFB5DF905" author="Lamarck" box="[1108,1261,1701,1725]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="28" pageNumber="239" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C525206FCD6B0ACFC57F884" pageId="28" pageNumber="239" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C525206FCD6B0ACFC57F884" blockId="28.[811,1455,1749,1852]" pageId="28" pageNumber="239">
MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
<emphasis id="72A765570C525206FBE4B0AFFB39F956" bold="true" box="[1055,1161,1750,1774]" pageId="28" pageNumber="239">
<location id="450CEF9E0C525206FBE4B0AFFB39F956" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C87A08530C525207FC43B3AAFD3CF853:450CEF9E0C525206FBE4B0AFFB39F956" box="[1055,1161,1750,1774]" name="South Seas" pageId="28" pageNumber="239">South Seas</location>
</emphasis>
•
<materialsCitation id="F0BBB3180C525206FB67B0ACFC77F89A" collectorName="Peron &amp; Lesueur" pageId="28" pageNumber="239" specimenCount="2">
MNHN-IE-2014-31;
<specimenCount id="56D572CC0C525206FA8EB0ACFA32F955" box="[1397,1410,1749,1773]" pageId="28" pageNumber="239" type="generic">2</specimenCount>
syntypes of
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C525206FC85B089FB96F8BF" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[894,1062,1775,1799]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="239" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="carinifera">
<emphasis id="72A765570C525206FC85B089FB96F8BF" box="[894,1062,1775,1799]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="239">Asterias carinifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Baudin expedition (1800-1804);
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C525206FA8CB096FA1FF8BF" box="[1399,1455,1775,1799]" pageId="28" pageNumber="239">Péron</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C525206FCAEB173FC10F899" box="[853,928,1802,1825]" pageId="28" pageNumber="239">Lesueur</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
•
<collectionCode id="26C221800C525206FC23B173FB9DF899" box="[984,1069,1802,1825]" collectionName="MHNH" pageId="28" pageNumber="239">MHNH</collectionCode>
;
<materialsCitation id="F0BBB3180C525206FBCDB173FC53F884" pageId="28" pageNumber="239">
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C525206FBCDB173FB31F899" box="[1078,1153,1802,1825]" pageId="28" pageNumber="239">Lesueur</collectorName>
drawings collection; ref. 74043;
<location id="450CEF9E0C525206FCD0B15DFCC2F884" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C87A08530C525207FC43B3AAFD3CF853:450CEF9E0C525206FCD0B15DFCC2F884" box="[811,882,1828,1852]" pageId="28" pageNumber="239">Baudin</location>
expedition
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C525207FCD6B10BFD3CF853" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="240" pageId="28" pageNumber="239" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C525206FCD6B10BFC21F832" blockId="28.[813,1455,1906,2028]" box="[813,913,1906,1932]" pageId="28" pageNumber="239">REMARKS</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C525207FCD6B1E8FD59F934" blockId="28.[813,1455,1906,2028]" lastBlockId="29.[130,777,1267,2028]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="240" pageId="28" pageNumber="239">
There is a strange confusion between Lamarck’s
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C525206FAF1B1EBFA1FF813" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[1290,1455,1938,1964]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="239" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C525206FAF1B1EBFA1FF813" box="[1290,1455,1938,1964]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="239">Asterias punctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and Lamarck’s
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C525206FC3DB1C8FBC8F873" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[966,1144,1969,1995]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="239" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vernicina">
<emphasis id="72A765570C525206FC3DB1C8FBC8F873" box="[966,1144,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="239">Asterias vernicina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the two species being erroneously considered synonymous. This confusion presumably arose from Perrier’s stay in the British Museum in the early 1870s. After having compared London and Paris asteroid specimens, he proposed, with reason, to synonymyse Lamarck’s
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C535207FD4DB34DFF55FAD5" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vernicina">
<emphasis id="72A765570C535207FD4DB34DFF55FAD5" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="240">Asterias vernicina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and Gray’s
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C535207FE92B32DFDACFAD5" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1847" box="[361,540,1364,1389]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteropseidae" genus="Petricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C535207FE92B32DFDACFAD5" box="[361,540,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="240">Petricia punctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which he confirmed in his 1875 revision, combining the two species under the name
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C535207FF33B3EDFE31FA15" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[200,385,1428,1453]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteropseidae" genus="Petricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vernicina">
<emphasis id="72A765570C535207FF33B3EDFE31FA15" box="[200,385,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="240">Petricia vernicina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Of course, this did not imply that Lamarck’s
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C535207FF0EB3CAFE15FA75" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[245,421,1459,1485]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C535207FF0EB3CAFE15FA75" box="[245,421,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="240">Asterias punctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was also a synonym of Lamarck’s
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C535207FF78B3AAFE8DFA55" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[131,317,1491,1517]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vernicina">
<emphasis id="72A765570C535207FF78B3AAFE8DFA55" box="[131,317,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="240">Asterias vernicina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a synonymy which was, however, tacitly accepted by subsequent authors. The situation became still more confused as neither
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C535207FE72B06BFD24F995" author="Muller &amp; Troschel" box="[393,660,1554,1581]" firstAuthor="Muller" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" refId="ref14644" refString="MULLER J. &amp; TROSCHEL H. 1842. - System der Asteriden. Braunschweig, 134 p. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 12100281" type="book" year="1842">Müller &amp;Troschel (1842)</bibRefCitation>
nor
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C535207FD39B06BFF7EF9F5" author="Perrier" firstAuthor="Perrier" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" pagination="1 - 104" refId="ref14818" refString="PERRIER E. 1875. - Revision de la Collection de Stellerides du Museum d'Histoire naturelle de Paris. 384 p, Reinwald, Paris (also published in: Archives de Zoologie experimentale et generale vol. 4 [1875]: 263 - 449, and vol. 5 [1876]: 1 - 104)." type="book chapter" year="1875">Perrier (1875)</bibRefCitation>
discussed Lamarck’s
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C535207FE56B04AFDEDF9F4" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[429,605,1587,1613]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C535207FE56B04AFDEDF9F4" box="[429,605,1587,1613]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="240">Asterias punctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. They found no trace of
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C535207FF21B02AFEE3F9D4" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[218,339,1619,1645]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C535207FF21B02AFEE3F9D4" box="[218,339,1619,1645]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="240">A. punctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
individuals in the MNHN which would mean the specimens have been lost for quite a long time.
</paragraph>
<caption id="14ACE9CD0C535207FF7FB2E8FC9CFB02" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768207" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4768207" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4768207/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" startId="29.[132,143,1169,1187]" targetBox="[132,1455,179,1145]" targetPageId="29">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C535207FF7FB2E8FC9CFB02" blockId="29.[132,1455,1169,1210]" pageId="29" pageNumber="240">
FIG. 30. —
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C535207FF26B2E8FE4AFB1B" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[221,506,1169,1187]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pleyadella">
<emphasis id="72A765570C535207FF26B2E8FEC7FB1B" box="[221,375,1169,1187]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="240">Asterias pleyadella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C535207FE80B2E8FE4AFB1B" author="Lamarck" box="[379,506,1169,1187]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="72A765570C535207FDFBB2E8FDBDFB1B" bold="true" box="[512,525,1169,1187]" pageId="29" pageNumber="240">A</emphasis>
, syntypes of the species;
<emphasis id="72A765570C535207FD19B2E8FD5FFB1B" bold="true" box="[738,751,1169,1187]" pageId="29" pageNumber="240">B</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="72A765570C535207FD03B2E8FCB6FB1B" bold="true" box="[760,774,1169,1187]" pageId="29" pageNumber="240">C</emphasis>
, pencil drawings of abactinal surface and profile of the intact specimen (
<emphasis id="72A765570C535207FAA2B2E8FAD6FB1B" bold="true" box="[1369,1382,1169,1187]" pageId="29" pageNumber="240">A</emphasis>
, MNHN- IE-2014-124;
<emphasis id="72A765570C535207FF0DB2D1FEB3FB02" bold="true" box="[246,259,1192,1210]" pageId="29" pageNumber="240">B</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="72A765570C535207FEF5B2D1FEACFB02" bold="true" box="[270,284,1192,1210]" pageId="29" pageNumber="240">C</emphasis>
, MHNH, Lesueur collection 74030, details, courtesy of MHNH).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C535207FF60B0EBFD3CF853" blockId="29.[130,777,1267,2028]" pageId="29" pageNumber="240">
Lamarck’s Latin diagnosis of
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C535207FE35B0EBFDCBF914" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[462,635,1682,1708]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C535207FE35B0EBFDCBF914" box="[462,635,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="240">Asterias punctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is as follows: “
<emphasis id="72A765570C535207FF74B0CAFDAAF954" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="240">
pentagona, inermis, utrinque
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C535207FE38B0CBFDABF974" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[451,539,1714,1740]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tessellata">tessellata</taxonomicName>
; tesselis dorsi sinuatoangulatis, punctatis; margine articulato
</emphasis>
[pentagonal, spineless [and] checkered on both sides; upper side perforate with rounded tiles; articulated arm”. Nota: “Tiles” refer to abactinal plates and ‘perforate’ to papulae.] Both this diagnosis and the MNHN pictures of
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C535207FF22B12BFE2EF8D4" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[217,414,1874,1900]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteropseidae" genus="Asteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="carinifera">
<emphasis id="72A765570C535207FF22B12BFE2EF8D4" box="[217,414,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="240">Asteropsis carinifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="9F6807E70C535207FE5FB12BFE4CF8D4" box="[420,508,1874,1900]" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
are clearly reminiscent of the shape of juveniles
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C535207FE9DB10BFD9AF833" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[358,554,1905,1932]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteropseidae" genus="Asteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="carinifera">
<emphasis id="72A765570C535207FE9DB10BFD9AF833" box="[358,554,1905,1932]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="240">Asteropsis carinifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
already illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C535207FF7FB1E8FE81F813" author="Loriol" box="[132,305,1937,1964]" firstAuthor="Loriol" page="67" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" pagination="1 - 84" refId="ref14483" refString="LORIOL P. DE 1885. - Catalogue raisonne des echinodermes recueillis a l'ile Maurice par M. V. de Robillard. 2. Stellerides. Memoires de la Societe de Physique et d'Histoire naturelle de Geneve 29 (4): 1 - 84." type="journal article" year="1885">Loriol (1885: 67</bibRefCitation>
, pl 20 figs 7-10). One may therefore conclude that
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C535207FF4CB1C8FE80F873" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[183,304,1969,1995]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C535207FF4CB1C8FE80F873" box="[183,304,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="240">A. punctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C535207FE92B1C8FE5BF873" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[361,491,1969,1995]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteropseidae" genus="Asteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="carinifera">
<emphasis id="72A765570C535207FE92B1C8FE5BF873" box="[361,491,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="240">A. carinifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are synonyms, the former corresponding to the juvenile form of the species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="AB249EA1AB99B98B3E388B0A0F544797">The asteroid species of Lamarck (Echinodermata: Asteroidea)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="C87A08530C535207FC5DB28DFC68F853" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C87A08530C535207FC5DB28DFC68F853" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C87A08530C535207FC5DB28DFC68F853" lastPageNumber="240" pageId="29" pageNumber="240">
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C535207FC5DB28DFA85FAB6" box="[934,1333,1267,1294]" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C535207FC5DB28DFA85FAB6" blockId="29.[934,1333,1267,1326]" box="[934,1333,1267,1294]" pageId="29" pageNumber="240">
<heading id="1B240E290C535207FC5DB28DFA85FAB6" box="[934,1333,1267,1294]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C535207FC5DB28DFA85FAB6" ID-CoL="49VRN" authority="Perrier, 1869" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1869" box="[934,1333,1267,1294]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Ophidiaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="purpureus">
<emphasis id="72A765570C535207FC5DB28DFBA4FAB6" bold="true" box="[934,1044,1268,1294]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="240">purpureus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C535207FBE0B28AFB19FAB5" author="Perrier" box="[1051,1193,1267,1293]" firstAuthor="Perrier" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" pagination="1 - 81" refId="ref14754" refString="PERRIER E. 1869. - Recherches sur les Pedicellaires et les Ambulacres des Asteries et des Oursins. Masson, Paris, 188 p. (the part on asteroids is also published in: Annales des Sciences naturelles 13 [1]: 1 - 81). https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14144" type="book chapter" year="1869">Perrier, 1869</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="72A765570C535207FB4FB28AFA85FAB6" bold="true" box="[1204,1333,1267,1294]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="240">Ophidiaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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(
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)
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C535207FCD6B32CFB1AFAD5" ID-CoL="49VRN" authority="Perrier, 1869: 61" authorityName="Perrier" authorityPageNumber="61" authorityYear="1869" box="[813,1194,1365,1389]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Ophidiaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="purpureus">
<emphasis id="72A765570C535207FCD6B32CFC4EFAD5" box="[813,1022,1365,1389]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="240">Ophidiaster purpureus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C535207FBFFB32CFB1AFAD5" author="Perrier" box="[1028,1194,1365,1389]" firstAuthor="Perrier" page="61" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" pagination="1 - 81" refId="ref14754" refString="PERRIER E. 1869. - Recherches sur les Pedicellaires et les Ambulacres des Asteries et des Oursins. Masson, Paris, 188 p. (the part on asteroids is also published in: Annales des Sciences naturelles 13 [1]: 1 - 81). https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14144" type="book chapter" year="1869">Perrier, 1869: 61</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C535207FB4EB32CFAADFAD6" author="PERRIER E." box="[1205,1309,1365,1390]" page="127" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" year="1875">
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C535207FB4EB32CFAADFAD6" author="Perrier" box="[1205,1309,1365,1390]" firstAuthor="Perrier" page="127" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" pagination="1 - 104" refId="ref14818" refString="PERRIER E. 1875. - Revision de la Collection de Stellerides du Museum d'Histoire naturelle de Paris. 384 p, Reinwald, Paris (also published in: Archives de Zoologie experimentale et generale vol. 4 [1875]: 263 - 449, and vol. 5 [1876]: 1 - 104)." type="book chapter" year="1875">1875: 127</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C535207FCD6B3F7FB72FA1E" blockId="29.[813,1218,1422,1446]" box="[813,1218,1422,1446]" pageId="29" pageNumber="240">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C535207FCD6B3F7FB72FA1E" box="[813,1218,1422,1446]" pageId="29" pageNumber="240">
<emphasis id="72A765570C535207FCD6B3F7FBA3FA1E" box="[813,1043,1422,1446]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="240">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C535207FCD6B3F7FC4FFA1E" ID-CoL="6SP78" authorityName="M. Tr." baseAuthorityName="Muller &amp; Troschel" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[813,1023,1422,1446]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Ophidiaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hemprichi">Ophidiaster hemprichi</taxonomicName>
–
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C535207FBE2B3F7FB0EFA1E" author="CLARK A. M." box="[1049,1214,1422,1446]" page="349" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C535207FBE2B3F7FB0EFA1E" author="Clark" box="[1049,1214,1422,1446]" firstAuthor="Clark" page="349" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref13772" refString="CLARK A. M. 1993. - An index of recent Asteroidea. Part 2: Valvatida, in JANGOUX M. &amp; LAWRENCE J. M. (eds), Echinoderm Studies, vol. 4. Balkema, Rotterdam: 187 - 366." type="book chapter" year="1993">Clark 1993: 349</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C535207FCD6B3B1FA01FA67" box="[813,1457,1479,1504]" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C535207FCD6B3B1FA01FA67" blockId="29.[813,1457,1479,1504]" box="[813,1457,1479,1504]" pageId="29" pageNumber="240">
CURRENT STATUS. —
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C535207FC0AB3BEFA1CFA67" ID-CoL="6SP78" authority="(Muller &amp; Troschel, 1842)" authorityName="M. Tr." baseAuthorityName="Muller &amp; Troschel" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[1009,1452,1479,1503]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Ophidiaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hemprichi">
<emphasis id="72A765570C535207FC0AB3BEFB06FA67" box="[1009,1206,1479,1503]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="240">Ophidiaster hemprichi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C535207FB3BB3BEFA15FA67" author="Muller &amp; Troschel" box="[1216,1445,1479,1503]" firstAuthor="Muller" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" refId="ref14644" refString="MULLER J. &amp; TROSCHEL H. 1842. - System der Asteriden. Braunschweig, 134 p. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 12100281" type="book" year="1842">Müller &amp; Troschel, 1842</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="406CB9450C535207FCD2B079FB9DF98A" blockId="29.[809,1455,1536,1587]" pageId="29" pageNumber="240">
M ATERIAL EXAMINED. —
<materialsCitation id="F0BBB3180C535207FBE4B078FB99F98A" collectorName="Rousseau" country="Seychelles" location="Seychelles" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" specimenCode="MNHN-IE-2014-404" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="72A765570C535207FBE4B078FB32F9A1" bold="true" box="[1055,1154,1537,1561]" pageId="29" pageNumber="240">
<collectingCountry id="38C4F9D50C535207FBE4B078FB32F9A1" box="[1055,1154,1537,1561]" name="Seychelles" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" value="Seychelles">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
•
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;
<typeStatus id="9F6807E70C535207FA80B079FCE9F98B" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
;
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C535207FC98B062FC0EF98A" box="[867,958,1563,1586]" pageId="29" pageNumber="240">Rousseau</collectorName>
leg.; 1842
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C535207FCD6B02AFC53F93D" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C535207FCD6B02AFC53F93D" blockId="29.[813,1455,1619,1669]" pageId="29" pageNumber="240">DISTRIBUTION. — The species is rather common in the tropical Indo-West-Pacific.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C535207FCD6B0CAFC68F853" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C535207FCD6B0CAFC37F973" blockId="29.[813,1457,1715,2027]" box="[813,903,1715,1741]" pageId="29" pageNumber="240">REMARK</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C535207FCD6B0ABFC68F853" blockId="29.[813,1457,1715,2027]" pageId="29" pageNumber="240">
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C535207FCD6B0ABFBB1F954" author="Perrier" box="[813,1025,1746,1773]" firstAuthor="Perrier" page="127" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" pagination="1 - 104" refId="ref14818" refString="PERRIER E. 1875. - Revision de la Collection de Stellerides du Museum d'Histoire naturelle de Paris. 384 p, Reinwald, Paris (also published in: Archives de Zoologie experimentale et generale vol. 4 [1875]: 263 - 449, and vol. 5 [1876]: 1 - 104)." type="book chapter" year="1875">Perrier (1875: 127)</bibRefCitation>
established the species
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C535207FAFEB0ABFA20F954" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1869" box="[1285,1424,1746,1772]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Ophidiaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="purpureus">
<emphasis id="72A765570C535207FAFEB0ABFA20F954" box="[1285,1424,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="240">O. purpureus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to accommodate one of the
<specimenCount id="56D572CC0C535207FBCCB08BFB61F8B4" box="[1079,1233,1778,1804]" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
that Lamarck identified as a representative of his new species
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C535207FB17B16BFA18F894" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[1260,1448,1810,1836]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cylindrica">
<emphasis id="72A765570C535207FB17B16BFA18F894" box="[1260,1448,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="240">Asterias cylindrica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C535207FCCDB14BFC71F8F3" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1869" box="[822,961,1842,1868]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Ophidiaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="purpureus">
<emphasis id="72A765570C535207FCCDB14BFC71F8F3" box="[822,961,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="240">O. purpureus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is now considered a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C535207FACFB148FB65F8D4" authority="(Muller &amp; Troschel, 1842))" authorityName="M. Tr." baseAuthorityName="Muller &amp; Troschel" baseAuthorityYear="1842" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Ophidiaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hemprichi">
<emphasis id="72A765570C535207FACFB148FC27F8D3" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="240">Ophidiaster hemprichi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C535207FC5DB128FB72F8D4" author="Muller &amp; Troschel" box="[934,1218,1873,1900]" firstAuthor="Muller" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" refId="ref14644" refString="MULLER J. &amp; TROSCHEL H. 1842. - System der Asteriden. Braunschweig, 134 p. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 12100281" type="book" year="1842">Müller &amp; Troschel, 1842</bibRefCitation>
))
</taxonomicName>
. Yet Perrier did not consider the second Lamarck specimen of
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C535207FB0EB10BFA01F833" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[1269,1457,1905,1932]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cylindrica">
<emphasis id="72A765570C535207FB0EB10BFA01F833" box="[1269,1457,1905,1932]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="240">Asterias cylindrica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to designate the
<typeStatus id="9F6807E70C535207FC1DB1E8FBF6F813" box="[998,1094,1937,1963]" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C535207FB94B1EBFB4CF813" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1869" box="[1135,1276,1938,1964]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Ophidiaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="purpureus">
<emphasis id="72A765570C535207FB94B1EBFB4CF813" box="[1135,1276,1938,1964]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="240">O. purpureus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. He assigned as
<typeStatus id="9F6807E70C535207FCD5B1C8FC3FF873" box="[814,911,1969,1995]" pageId="29" pageNumber="240" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
an individual collected by Rousseau in the Seychelles in 1842.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

179
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<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C555201FF06B087FD3FF8A1" ID-CoL="7NPX9" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[253,655,1790,1817]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="238" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pentagonula">
<emphasis id="72A765570C555201FF06B087FE32F8A1" bold="true" box="[253,386,1790,1817]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="238">pentagonula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C555201FE72B086FD80F8A1" author="Lamarck" box="[393,560,1791,1817]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="27" pageNumber="238" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
,
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(
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)
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<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C555201FF7FB121FDA7F827" pageId="27" pageNumber="238" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C555201FF7FB121FDA8F8C8" blockId="27.[132,536,1880,1904]" box="[132,536,1880,1904]" pageId="27" pageNumber="238">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C555201FF7FB121FDA8F8C8" box="[132,536,1880,1904]" pageId="27" pageNumber="238">
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C555201FF7FB121FDA4F8C8" author="LAMARCK J. B. &amp; DE" box="[132,532,1880,1904]" page="554" pageId="27" pageNumber="238" year="1816">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C555201FF7FB121FDA4F8C8" authority="Lamarck, 1816: 554" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityPageNumber="554" authorityYear="1816" box="[132,532,1880,1904]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="238" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pentagonula">
<emphasis id="72A765570C555201FF7FB121FEF4F8C8" box="[132,324,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="238">Asterias pentagonula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C555201FEB1B121FDA4F8C8" author="Lamarck" box="[330,532,1880,1904]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" page="554" pageId="27" pageNumber="238" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816: 554</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C555201FF7FB1FEFDA7F827" blockId="27.[132,535,1927,1951]" box="[132,535,1927,1951]" pageId="27" pageNumber="238">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C555201FF7FB1FEFDA7F827" box="[132,535,1927,1951]" pageId="27" pageNumber="238">
<emphasis id="72A765570C555201FF7FB1FEFED8F827" box="[132,360,1927,1951]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C555201FF7FB1FEFEE5F827" ID-CoL="5VBBG" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[132,341,1927,1951]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Anthenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="238" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pentagonula">Anthenea pentagonula</taxonomicName>
–
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C555201FE95B1FEFDA3F827" author="CLARK A. M." box="[366,531,1927,1951]" page="296" pageId="27" pageNumber="238" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C555201FE95B1FEFDA3F827" author="Clark" box="[366,531,1927,1951]" firstAuthor="Clark" page="296" pageId="27" pageNumber="238" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref13772" refString="CLARK A. M. 1993. - An index of recent Asteroidea. Part 2: Valvatida, in JANGOUX M. &amp; LAWRENCE J. M. (eds), Echinoderm Studies, vol. 4. Balkema, Rotterdam: 187 - 366." type="book chapter" year="1993">Clark 1993: 296</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C555201FF7FB1C1FE55F851" pageId="27" pageNumber="238" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C555201FF7FB1C1FE55F851" blockId="27.[132,774,1975,2026]" pageId="27" pageNumber="238">
CURRENT STATUS. —
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C555201FE9BB1CEFD94F877" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[352,548,1975,1999]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="238" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pentagonula">
<emphasis id="72A765570C555201FE9BB1CEFD94F877" box="[352,548,1975,1999]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="238">Asterias pentagonula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is newly synonymized here with
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C555201FF13B1ABFE6FF852" authority="Gray, 1840" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[232,479,2001,2026]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Tosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="238" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="72A765570C555201FF13B1ABFEDCF851" box="[232,364,2001,2025]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="238">Tosia australis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C555201FE89B1ABFE6FF852" author="Gray" box="[370,479,2002,2026]" firstAuthor="Gray" pageId="27" pageNumber="238" pagination="175 - 184" refId="ref14219" refString="GRAY J. E. 1840. - A synopsis of the genera and species of Hypostoma (Asterias Linnaeus). Annals and Magazine of natural History 6: 175 - 184 and 275 - 290. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745484009443282" type="journal article" year="1840">Gray, 1840</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="406CB9450C555201FCD6B288FAA7FA9B" blockId="27.[811,1457,1265,1315]" pageId="27" pageNumber="238">
MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
<materialsCitation id="F0BBB3180C555201FBE5B288FAA3FA9B" collectionCode="MHNH" country="Mauritius" pageId="27" pageNumber="238" stateProvince="Mhnh">
<collectionCode id="26C221800C555201FBE5B288FBC3FAB0" box="[1054,1139,1265,1288]" collectionName="MHNH" pageId="27" pageNumber="238">
<collectingRegion id="821777A70C555201FBE5B288FBC3FAB0" box="[1054,1139,1265,1288]" pageId="27" pageNumber="238">MHNH</collectingRegion>
</collectionCode>
;
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C555201FB87B288FB78FAB0" box="[1148,1224,1265,1288]" pageId="27" pageNumber="238">Lesueur</collectorName>
drawings collection; ref. 74021;
<location id="450CEF9E0C555201FC8CB372FC0EFA9B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C87A08530C555201FF06B087FAE1F853:450CEF9E0C555201FC8CB372FC0EFA9B" box="[887,958,1291,1315]" pageId="27" pageNumber="238">Baudin</location>
expedition;
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C555201FBC3B372FBC0FA9B" box="[1080,1136,1291,1315]" pageId="27" pageNumber="238">Péron</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C555201FB59B375FB5FFA9B" box="[1186,1263,1292,1315]" pageId="27" pageNumber="238">Lesueur</collectorName>
leg
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C555201FCD6B342FA9BFAEB" box="[813,1323,1339,1363]" pageId="27" pageNumber="238" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C555201FCD6B342FA9BFAEB" blockId="27.[813,1323,1339,1363]" box="[813,1323,1339,1363]" pageId="27" pageNumber="238">DISTRIBUTION. — South of Australia and Tasmania.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C555201FCD6B30DFAE1F853" pageId="27" pageNumber="238" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C555201FCD6B30DFC21FA34" blockId="27.[811,1457,1396,2028]" box="[813,913,1396,1422]" pageId="27" pageNumber="238">REMARKS</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C555201FCD6B3EAFAE1F853" blockId="27.[811,1457,1396,2028]" pageId="27" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C555201FCD6B3EAFBB6FA15" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[813,1030,1427,1453]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="238" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pentagonula">
<emphasis id="72A765570C555201FCD6B3EAFBB6FA15" box="[813,1030,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="238">Asterias pentagonula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was often said to belong to the genus
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C555201FCD5B3CAFC3FFA75" authorityName="J.E.Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[814,911,1459,1485]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Anthenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="238" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="72A765570C555201FCD5B3CAFC3FFA75" box="[814,911,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="238">Anthenea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which includes asteroids with an enlarged disc and relatively short though well-individualised arms. However, Lamarck’s description emphasises the peculiar shape of the species as “Aplati, presque discoïde, avec des angles courts [flat, almost disc-shaped, with shallow angles]”. Such an appearance does not fit with
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C555201FC1CB02BFBF8F9D4" authorityName="J.E.Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[999,1096,1618,1644]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Anthenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="238" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="72A765570C555201FC1CB02BFBF8F9D4" box="[999,1096,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="238">Anthenea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and rather suggests that the species belongs to the genus
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C555201FBC0B00AFB41F934" authority="Gray, 1840" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[1083,1265,1650,1676]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Tosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="238" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="72A765570C555201FBC0B00AFBC0F934" box="[1083,1136,1651,1676]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="238">Tosia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C555201FB8DB00BFB41F934" author="Gray" box="[1142,1265,1650,1676]" firstAuthor="Gray" pageId="27" pageNumber="238" pagination="175 - 184" refId="ref14219" refString="GRAY J. E. 1840. - A synopsis of the genera and species of Hypostoma (Asterias Linnaeus). Annals and Magazine of natural History 6: 175 - 184 and 275 - 290. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745484009443282" type="journal article" year="1840">Gray, 1840</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, a suggestion that is consistent with both its origin (South Seas) and collectors (Péron and Lesueur). Several authors consider that
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C555201FA9BB0CBFC1BF954" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="238" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pentagonula">
<emphasis id="72A765570C555201FA9BB0CBFC1BF954" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="238">Asterias pentagonula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a Chinese species. This is unlikely and could result from the synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C555201FB95B08BFABCF8B4" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[1134,1292,1778,1804]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="238" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pentagonula">
<emphasis id="72A765570C555201FB95B08BFABCF8B4" box="[1134,1292,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="238">A. pentagonula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C555201FAB5B08BFBB8F894" authority="Gray, 1840" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Anthenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="238" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="chinensis">
<emphasis id="72A765570C555201FAB5B08BFC38F894" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="238">Anthenea chinensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C555201FC74B16BFBB8F894" author="Gray" box="[911,1032,1810,1836]" firstAuthor="Gray" pageId="27" pageNumber="238" pagination="175 - 184" refId="ref14219" refString="GRAY J. E. 1840. - A synopsis of the genera and species of Hypostoma (Asterias Linnaeus). Annals and Magazine of natural History 6: 175 - 184 and 275 - 290. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745484009443282" type="journal article" year="1840">
Gray,
<quantity id="872B14A00C555201FC2BB16BFBB8F894" box="[976,1032,1810,1836]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6736" pageId="27" pageNumber="238" unit="in" value="1840.0">1840</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="72A765570C555201FBEBB16BFB96F893" box="[1040,1062,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="238">in</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C555201FBD5B16BFAC6F894" author="Muller &amp; Troschel" box="[1070,1398,1809,1836]" firstAuthor="Muller" page="57" pageId="27" pageNumber="238" refId="ref14644" refString="MULLER J. &amp; TROSCHEL H. 1842. - System der Asteriden. Braunschweig, 134 p. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 12100281" type="book" year="1842">Müller &amp; Troschel (1842: 57)</bibRefCitation>
. This is a rather strange proposal as Gray’s species originated from the China-Japan area while
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C555201FBAFB12BFABFF8D3" box="[1108,1295,1873,1900]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="238" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pentagula">
<emphasis id="72A765570C555201FBAFB12BFABFF8D3" box="[1108,1295,1873,1900]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="238">Asterias pentagula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
came from the South Seas.
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C555201FC57B108FB02F833" author="Liao &amp; Clark" box="[940,1202,1905,1932]" firstAuthor="Liao" page="99" pageId="27" pageNumber="238" refId="ref14425" refString="LIAO Y. &amp; CLARK A. M. 1995. - Echinoderms of Southern China. Beijing, Science Press, 614 p." type="book" year="1995">Liao &amp; Clark (1995: 99)</bibRefCitation>
consider that these species are two different taxa. The MNHN specimens identified
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C555201FCD0B1C8FBBAF873" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[811,1034,1969,1995]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Anthenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="238" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pentagonula">
<emphasis id="72A765570C555201FCD0B1C8FBBAF873" box="[811,1034,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="238">Anthenea pentagonula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belong to the species
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C555201FB13B1C8FC51F854" authority="Doderlein, 1915" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1915" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Anthenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="238" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="australiae">
<emphasis id="72A765570C555201FB13B1C8FA1DF873" box="[1256,1453,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="238">Anthenea australiae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C555201FCD0B1A8FC51F854" author="Doderlein" box="[811,993,2001,2028]" firstAuthor="Doderlein" pageId="27" pageNumber="238" pagination="21 - 55" refId="ref14150" refString="DODERLEIN L. 1915. - Die Arten der Asteroidea. Gattung Anthenea. Jahrbuchern des Nassauischen Vereins fur Naturkunde in Wiesbaden 68: 21 - 55" type="journal article" year="1915">Döderlein, 1915</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; see previously under that species.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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<paragraph id="406CB9450C565202FEF4B02BFDCDF9D4" blockId="24.[271,637,1618,1677]" box="[271,637,1618,1645]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">
<heading id="1B240E290C565202FEF4B02BFDCDF9D4" box="[271,637,1618,1645]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C565202FEF4B02BFDCDF9D4" ID-CoL="73VHV" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[271,637,1618,1645]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Nectria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellifera">
<emphasis id="72A765570C565202FEF4B02BFEC0F9D5" bold="true" box="[271,368,1618,1645]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">ocellifera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C565202FE8CB02BFDAEF9D4" author="Lamarck" box="[375,542,1618,1644]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="72A765570C565202FDD2B02BFDCDF9D4" bold="true" box="[553,637,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">Asterias</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="406CB9450C565202FE6CB00BFE44F935" blockId="24.[271,637,1618,1677]" box="[407,500,1650,1677]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">
(
<figureCitation id="D8E8A5C00C565202FE65B00BFE5CF935" box="[414,492,1650,1677]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="25.[132,143,1459,1477]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,213,1416]" captionTargetId="figure-249@25.[132,1455,213,1416]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIG. 25. — Asterias ocellifera Lamarck,1816:A, abactinal (A) and actinal (B) surfaces;C, interradial arc and adambulacral spines;D, abactinal tabula showing the scalelike peripheral granules;E, holotype of Asterias ocellifera (A-D, MHNH,Lesueur collection 74050,details,courtesy of MHNH;E, MNHN-IE-2014-24). Scale bar:50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4768197/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C565202FF7FB0CAFA1DFA76" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C565202FF7FB0CAFF6EF973" blockId="24.[130,777,1715,2028]" box="[132,222,1715,1741]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">REMARK</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C565202FF7FB0ABFA1DFA76" blockId="24.[130,777,1715,2028]" lastBlockId="24.[811,1455,1331,1529]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">
To accommodate the Lamarckian species
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C565202FDDFB0ABFF7BF8B4" authority=", Gray (1840)" authorityName=", Gray" authorityYear="1840" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellifera">
<emphasis id="72A765570C565202FDDFB0ABFD79F954" box="[548,713,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">Asterias ocellifera</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C565202FD2FB0ABFF7BF8B4" author="Gray" firstAuthor="Gray" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" pagination="175 - 184" refId="ref14219" refString="GRAY J. E. 1840. - A synopsis of the genera and species of Hypostoma (Asterias Linnaeus). Annals and Magazine of natural History 6: 175 - 184 and 275 - 290. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745484009443282" type="journal article" year="1840">Gray (1840)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
established the genus
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C565202FE46B08AFDB8F8B4" box="[445,520,1779,1804]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Nectria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="72A765570C565202FE46B08AFDB8F8B4" box="[445,520,1779,1804]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">Nectria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Yet Gray had not seen Lamarck’s
<typeStatus id="9F6807E70C565202FF0DB16BFE93F894" box="[246,291,1810,1836]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">type</typeStatus>
specimens of
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C565202FE46B16BFD85F894" authorityName=", Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[445,565,1810,1836]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellifera">
<emphasis id="72A765570C565202FE46B16BFD85F894" box="[445,565,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">A. ocellifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. When working on asteroids of the genus
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C565202FE8BB14BFE0AF8F3" box="[368,442,1842,1867]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Nectria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="72A765570C565202FE8BB14BFE0AF8F3" box="[368,442,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">Nectria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
housed in the British Museum,
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C565202FF7FB128FEA8F8D4" author="Perrier" box="[132,280,1873,1900]" firstAuthor="Perrier" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" pagination="1 - 104" refId="ref14818" refString="PERRIER E. 1875. - Revision de la Collection de Stellerides du Museum d'Histoire naturelle de Paris. 384 p, Reinwald, Paris (also published in: Archives de Zoologie experimentale et generale vol. 4 [1875]: 263 - 449, and vol. 5 [1876]: 1 - 104)." type="book chapter" year="1875">Perrier (1875)</bibRefCitation>
realised that the species
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C565202FDE2B12BFCB7F8D4" authority="sensu Gray" authorityName="Gray" box="[537,775,1873,1900]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellifera">
<emphasis id="72A765570C565202FDE2B12BFD7DF8D3" box="[537,717,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">N. ocellifera sensu</emphasis>
Gray
</taxonomicName>
was different from the species described by Lamarck while sharing some similarities with the second Paris specimen also identified as
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C565202FEFFB1C8FEC4F873" box="[260,372,1969,1995]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellifera">
<emphasis id="72A765570C565202FEFFB1C8FEC4F873" box="[260,372,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">A. ocellifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Lamarck. He consequently proposed the new name
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C565202FEE6B1ABFE1DF853" box="[285,429,2001,2027]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Nectria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellat">
<emphasis id="72A765570C565202FEE6B1ABFE1DF853" box="[285,429,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">Nectria ocellat</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a for Gray’s specimens and gave a precise description of one of the Gray’s individuals that will be considered later as the
<typeStatus id="9F6807E70C565202FBE9B32AFBC0FAD5" box="[1042,1136,1363,1389]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of the species (
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C565202FAF2B32AFCD0FA35" author="Zeidler &amp; Rowe" firstAuthor="Zeidler" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" pagination="117 - 138" refId="ref15041" refString="ZEIDLER W. &amp; ROWE F. W. E. 1986. - A revision of the southern Australian starfish genus Nectria (Asteroidea: Oreasteridae), with the description of a new species. Records of the South Australian Museum 19 (9): 117 - 138." type="journal article" year="1986">Zeidler &amp; Rowe 1986</bibRefCitation>
). As a consequence, the second specimen of Lamarck, while collected by Péron and Lesueur and being representative of the Perrier’s species, is not a
<typeStatus id="9F6807E70C565202FBD7B3CAFBE9FA75" box="[1068,1113,1459,1485]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C565202FB80B3CDFA19FA76" authority="Perrier, 1875" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[1147,1449,1459,1486]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Nectria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C565202FB80B3CDFAA8FA75" box="[1147,1304,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">Nectria ocellata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C565202FAE5B3CAFA19FA76" author="Perrier" box="[1310,1449,1459,1486]" firstAuthor="Perrier" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" pagination="1 - 104" refId="ref14818" refString="PERRIER E. 1875. - Revision de la Collection de Stellerides du Museum d'Histoire naturelle de Paris. 384 p, Reinwald, Paris (also published in: Archives de Zoologie experimentale et generale vol. 4 [1875]: 263 - 449, and vol. 5 [1876]: 1 - 104)." type="book chapter" year="1875">Perrier, 1875</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C565202FCD6B39BFB3DF99E" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C565202FCD6B39BFB6FFA41" blockId="24.[811,1455,1331,1529]" box="[813,1247,1505,1529]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C565202FCD6B39BFB29FA41" authority="Lamarck, 1816: 553" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityPageNumber="553" authorityYear="1816" box="[813,1177,1505,1529]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellifera">
<emphasis id="72A765570C565202FCD6B39BFC7CFA41" box="[813,972,1505,1529]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">Asterias ocellifera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C565202FC29B398FB29FA41" author="Lamarck" box="[978,1177,1505,1529]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" page="553" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816: 553</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(part).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C565202FCD6B076FB3DF99E" blockId="24.[813,1457,1550,1742]" box="[813,1165,1550,1574]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C565202FCD6B076FB3DF99E" box="[813,1165,1550,1574]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">
<emphasis id="72A765570C565202FCD6B076FC6DF99E" box="[813,989,1550,1574]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C565202FCD6B076FC7AF99E" ID-CoL="73VHV" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[813,970,1550,1574]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Nectria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellifera">Nectria ocellifera</taxonomicName>
–
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C565202FC18B077FB39F99E" author="CLARK A. M." box="[995,1161,1550,1574]" page="305" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C565202FC18B077FB39F99E" author="Clark" box="[995,1161,1550,1574]" firstAuthor="Clark" page="305" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref13772" refString="CLARK A. M. 1993. - An index of recent Asteroidea. Part 2: Valvatida, in JANGOUX M. &amp; LAWRENCE J. M. (eds), Echinoderm Studies, vol. 4. Balkema, Rotterdam: 187 - 366." type="book chapter" year="1993">Clark 1993: 305</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C565202FCD6B045FAE1F9EA" box="[813,1361,1594,1620]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C565202FCD6B045FAE1F9EA" blockId="24.[813,1457,1550,1742]" box="[813,1361,1594,1620]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">
CURRENT STATUS. —
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C565202FBFAB042FAFDF9EA" ID-CoL="73VHV" authority="(Lamarck, 1816)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[1025,1357,1594,1618]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Nectria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellifera">
<emphasis id="72A765570C565202FBFAB042FB2FF9EA" box="[1025,1183,1594,1618]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">Nectria ocellifera</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C565202FB50B043FAF5F9EA" author="Lamarck" box="[1195,1349,1594,1618]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C565202FCD6B011FC5AF976" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C565202FCD6B011FC5AF976" blockId="24.[813,1457,1550,1742]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">
MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
<materialsCitation id="F0BBB3180C565202FBD9B010FA1CF921" collectorName="Peron &amp; Lesueur" location="South Seas" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" specimenCode="MNHN-IE-2014-24" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South Seas" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="72A765570C565202FBD9B010FB3CF939" bold="true" box="[1058,1164,1641,1665]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">
<collectingRegion id="821777A70C565202FBD9B010FB3CF939" box="[1058,1164,1641,1665]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">South Seas</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCode id="1075113E0C565202FB5AB01EFADFF9C7" box="[1185,1391,1639,1663]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">MNHN-IE-2014-24</specimenCode>
:
<typeStatus id="9F6807E70C565202FA80B01EFCEBF922" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; Baudin expedition (1800-1804);
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C565202FB3AB0FBFB4CF922" box="[1217,1276,1666,1690]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">Péron</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C565202FAC8B0FBFA33F921" box="[1331,1411,1666,1689]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">Lesueur</collectorName>
leg
</materialsCitation>
. •
<materialsCitation id="F0BBB3180C565202FCBAB0E5FC5AF976" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">
<collectionCode id="26C221800C565202FCBAB0E5FC28F90B" box="[833,920,1692,1715]" collectionName="MHNH" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">MHNH</collectionCode>
;
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C565202FC5FB0E5FC42F90B" box="[932,1010,1692,1715]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">Lesueur</collectorName>
drawings collection; ref. 74020 and 74050;
<location id="450CEF9E0C565202FCD5B0CFFCC5F976" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C87A08530C565202FEF4B02BFC72F8AD:450CEF9E0C565202FCD5B0CFFCC5F976" box="[814,885,1718,1742]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">Baudin</location>
expedition.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C565202FCD6B09DFC72F8AD" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C565202FCD6B09DFC72F8AD" blockId="24.[813,1455,1763,1813]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">
DISTRIBUTION. —
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C565202FC16B09DFBD3F943" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[1005,1123,1763,1787]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Nectria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellifera">
<emphasis id="72A765570C565202FC16B09DFBD3F943" box="[1005,1123,1763,1787]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">N. ocellifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is restricted to the south part of West
<collectingCountry id="38C4F9D50C565202FC9EB084FC0EF8AD" box="[869,958,1789,1813]" name="Australia" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">Australia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C565202FC37B131FABFF8DB" box="[972,1295,1864,1892]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C565202FC37B131FABFF8DB" blockId="24.[972,1295,1864,1923]" box="[972,1295,1864,1892]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">
<heading id="1B240E290C565202FC37B131FABFF8DB" box="[972,1295,1864,1892]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C565202FC37B131FABFF8DB" ID-CoL="7VXB5" authority="Perrier, 1875" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[972,1295,1864,1892]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Nectria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C565202FC37B131FBAEF8DB" bold="true" box="[972,1054,1864,1891]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">ocellata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C565202FBDEB130FB03F8DC" author="Perrier" box="[1061,1203,1865,1892]" firstAuthor="Perrier" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" pagination="1 - 104" refId="ref14818" refString="PERRIER E. 1875. - Revision de la Collection de Stellerides du Museum d'Histoire naturelle de Paris. 384 p, Reinwald, Paris (also published in: Archives de Zoologie experimentale et generale vol. 4 [1875]: 263 - 449, and vol. 5 [1876]: 1 - 104)." type="book chapter" year="1875">Perrier, 1875</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="72A765570C565202FB45B130FABFF8DB" bold="true" box="[1214,1295,1865,1891]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">Nectria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C565202FBC4B111FB2DF83B" box="[1087,1181,1896,1923]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" type="description">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C565202FBC4B111FB2DF83B" blockId="24.[972,1295,1864,1923]" box="[1087,1181,1896,1923]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">
(
<figureCitation id="D8E8A5C00C565202FBBCB111FB25F83B" box="[1095,1173,1896,1923]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[203,214,1005,1023]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,215,963]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[132,1455,215,963]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 26. — Nectria ocellata Perrier, 1875 [non Asterias ocellifera Lamarck, 1816]. Individual collected by Péron and Lesueur. Scale bar: 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4768199/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C565202FCD6B1DBFAFBF851" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C565202FCD6B1DBFB6EF801" blockId="24.[813,1246,1953,1978]" box="[813,1246,1953,1978]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C565202FCD6B1DBFB6EF801" box="[813,1246,1953,1978]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C565202FCD6B1DBFC7CF801" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[813,972,1953,1977]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellifera">
<emphasis id="72A765570C565202FCD6B1DBFC7CF801" box="[813,972,1953,1977]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">Asterias ocellifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(part)
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C565202FBEBB1D8FB6AF801" author="LAMARCK J. B. &amp; DE" box="[1040,1242,1953,1977]" page="553" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" year="1816">
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C565202FBEBB1D8FB6AF801" author="Lamarck" box="[1040,1242,1953,1977]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" page="553" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816: 553</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C565202FCD6B1ABFAFBF851" blockId="24.[813,1355,2001,2025]" box="[813,1355,2001,2025]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C565202FCD6B1ABFAFBF851" box="[813,1355,2001,2025]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C565202FCD6B1ABFBC8F851" author="PERRIER E." box="[813,1144,2001,2025]" page="188" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" year="1875">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C565202FCD6B1ABFBC8F851" ID-CoL="7VXB5" authority="Perrier, 1875: 188" authorityName="Perrier" authorityPageNumber="188" authorityYear="1875" box="[813,1144,2001,2025]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Nectria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C565202FCD6B1ABFC0EF851" box="[813,958,2001,2025]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">Nectria ocellata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C565202FC3FB1A8FBC8F851" author="Perrier" box="[964,1144,2001,2025]" firstAuthor="Perrier" page="188" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" pagination="1 - 104" refId="ref14818" refString="PERRIER E. 1875. - Revision de la Collection de Stellerides du Museum d'Histoire naturelle de Paris. 384 p, Reinwald, Paris (also published in: Archives de Zoologie experimentale et generale vol. 4 [1875]: 263 - 449, and vol. 5 [1876]: 1 - 104)." type="book chapter" year="1875">Perrier, 1875: 188</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
. —
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C565202FB59B1A8FAF7F851" author="CLARK A. M." box="[1186,1351,2001,2025]" page="305" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C565202FB59B1A8FAF7F851" author="Clark" box="[1186,1351,2001,2025]" firstAuthor="Clark" page="305" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref13772" refString="CLARK A. M. 1993. - An index of recent Asteroidea. Part 2: Valvatida, in JANGOUX M. &amp; LAWRENCE J. M. (eds), Echinoderm Studies, vol. 4. Balkema, Rotterdam: 187 - 366." type="book chapter" year="1993">Clark 1993: 305</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="14ACE9CD0C575203FF7FB3CAFA01FA64" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768197" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4768197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4768197/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="236" startId="25.[132,143,1459,1477]" targetBox="[132,1455,213,1416]" targetPageId="25">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C575203FF7FB3CAFA01FA64" blockId="25.[132,1457,1459,1500]" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">
FIG. 25. —
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C575203FF21B3CAFE54FA7D" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[218,484,1459,1477]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="236" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellifera">
<emphasis id="72A765570C575203FF21B3CAFED6FA7D" box="[218,358,1459,1477]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">Asterias ocellifera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C575203FE91B3CAFE54FA7D" author="Lamarck" box="[362,484,1459,1477]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="25" pageNumber="236" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck,1816</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="72A765570C575203FE11B3CAFE46FA7D" bold="true" box="[490,502,1459,1477]" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">A</emphasis>
, abactinal (
<emphasis id="72A765570C575203FDAAB3CAFDEDFA7D" bold="true" box="[593,605,1459,1477]" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">A</emphasis>
) and actinal (
<emphasis id="72A765570C575203FD3EB3CAFD62FA7D" bold="true" box="[709,722,1459,1477]" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">B</emphasis>
) surfaces;
<emphasis id="72A765570C575203FCD3B3CAFC85FA7D" bold="true" box="[808,821,1459,1477]" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">C</emphasis>
, interradial arc and adambulacral spines;
<emphasis id="72A765570C575203FB7BB3CAFB3DFA7D" bold="true" box="[1152,1165,1459,1477]" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">D</emphasis>
, abactinal tabula showing the scalelike peripheral granules;
<emphasis id="72A765570C575203FEBDB3B3FEE2FA64" bold="true" box="[326,338,1482,1500]" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">E</emphasis>
, holotype of
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C575203FE43B3B3FDF5FA64" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[440,581,1482,1500]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="236" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellifera">
<emphasis id="72A765570C575203FE43B3B3FDF5FA64" box="[440,581,1482,1500]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">Asterias ocellifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="72A765570C575203FDB6B3B3FDDEFA64" bold="true" box="[589,622,1482,1500]" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">A -D</emphasis>
, MHNH,Lesueur collection 74050,details,courtesy of MHNH;
<emphasis id="72A765570C575203FB9FB3B3FBC0FA64" bold="true" box="[1124,1136,1482,1500]" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">E</emphasis>
, MNHN-IE-2014-24). Scale bar:50 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C575203FF7FB074FEC8F9E2" pageId="25" pageNumber="236" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C575203FF7FB074FEC8F9E2" blockId="25.[132,775,1549,1626]" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">
MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
<materialsCitation id="F0BBB3180C575203FE89B077FEC8F9E2" collectorName="Peron &amp; Lesueur" location="South Seas" pageId="25" pageNumber="236" specimenCode="MNHN-IE-2014-23" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South Seas">
<emphasis id="72A765570C575203FE89B077FE6AF99E" bold="true" box="[370,474,1550,1574]" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">
<collectingRegion id="821777A70C575203FE89B077FE6AF99E" box="[370,474,1550,1574]" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">South Seas</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCode id="1075113E0C575203FE17B074FD07F99D" box="[492,695,1549,1573]" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">MNHN-IE-2014-23</specimenCode>
; Baudin expedition (1800-1804);
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C575203FE8CB05EFE1FF987" box="[375,431,1575,1599]" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">Péron</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C575203FE27B051FD98F987" box="[476,552,1576,1599]" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">Lesueur</collectorName>
leg.; syntype of
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C575203FD3BB05EFEC4F9E2" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="236" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellifera">
<emphasis id="72A765570C575203FD3BB05EFF66F9E2" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">Asterias ocellifera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C575203FF27B03BFEC4F9E2" author="Lamarck" box="[220,372,1602,1626]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="25" pageNumber="236" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C575203FF7FB00BFF5AF906" pageId="25" pageNumber="236" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C575203FF7FB00BFF5AF906" blockId="25.[131,775,1649,1726]" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">
DISTRIBUTION. —
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C575203FEC0B00BFE2FF931" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[315,415,1649,1673]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Nectria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="236" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C575203FEC0B00BFE2FF931" box="[315,415,1649,1673]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">N. ocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is mainly distributed along the coasts of
<collectingRegion id="821777A70C575203FF64B0F5FE8EF91C" box="[159,318,1676,1700]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">South Australia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="821777A70C575203FEB2B0F5FE29F91C" box="[329,409,1676,1700]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">Victoria</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="821777A70C575203FE35B0F5FD35F91C" box="[462,645,1676,1700]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
, and around
<collectingRegion id="821777A70C575203FF7DB0DFFF56F906" box="[134,230,1702,1726]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

187
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<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C575203FC57B0A8FA80F954" box="[940,1328,1745,1772]" pageId="25" pageNumber="236" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C575203FC57B0A8FA80F954" blockId="25.[940,1328,1745,1804]" box="[940,1328,1745,1772]" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">
<heading id="1B240E290C575203FC57B0A8FA80F954" box="[940,1328,1745,1772]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="236" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C575203FC57B0A8FA80F954" ID-CoL="7NPX9" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[940,1328,1745,1772]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterinopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="236" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="penicillaris">
<emphasis id="72A765570C575203FC57B0A8FB93F954" bold="true" box="[940,1059,1745,1772]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">penicillaris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C575203FBD1B0ABFB61F954" author="Lamarck" box="[1066,1233,1746,1772]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="25" pageNumber="236" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="72A765570C575203FB27B0ABFA80F954" bold="true" box="[1244,1328,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">Asterias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
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<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C575203FBC4B08BFB2DF8B4" box="[1087,1181,1778,1804]" pageId="25" pageNumber="236" type="description">
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(
<figureCitation id="D8E8A5C00C575203FBBCB08BFB25F8B4" box="[1095,1173,1778,1804]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="27.[132,143,1171,1189]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1128]" captionTargetId="figure-449@27.[132,1455,215,1144]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIG. 28. — Asterias penicillaris Lamarck, 1816: A, B, abactinal (A) and actinal (B) surfaces; C, arrangement of arm abactinal plates (text “wholly covered by small cylinders intersecting in all directions”); D, adambulacral and actinolateral spines (MHNH, Lesueur collection 74007, details, courtesy of MHNH)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4768203/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C575203FCD6B152FB77F8C9" pageId="25" pageNumber="236" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C575203FCD6B152FB04F8FB" blockId="25.[813,1204,1835,1859]" box="[813,1204,1835,1859]" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C575203FCD6B152FB04F8FB" box="[813,1204,1835,1859]" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C575203FCD6B152FB00F8FB" author="LAMARCK J. B. &amp; DE" box="[813,1200,1835,1859]" page="555" pageId="25" pageNumber="236" year="1816">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C575203FCD6B152FB00F8FB" authority="Lamarck, 1816: 555" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityPageNumber="555" authorityYear="1816" box="[813,1200,1835,1859]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="236" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="penicillaris">
<emphasis id="72A765570C575203FCD6B152FC6FF8FB" box="[813,991,1835,1859]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">Asterias penicillaris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C575203FC1DB152FB00F8FB" author="Lamarck" box="[998,1200,1835,1859]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" page="555" pageId="25" pageNumber="236" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816: 555</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C575203FCD6B123FB77F8C9" blockId="25.[813,1223,1881,1906]" box="[813,1223,1881,1906]" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C575203FCD6B123FB77F8C9" box="[813,1223,1881,1906]" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">
<emphasis id="72A765570C575203FCD6B123FBA8F8C9" box="[813,1048,1882,1906]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C575203FCD6B123FBB4F8CA" box="[813,1028,1882,1906]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterinopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="236" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="penicillaris">Asterinopsis penicillaris</taxonomicName>
–
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C575203FBE5B123FB73F8C9" author="CLARK A. M." box="[1054,1219,1881,1906]" page="215" pageId="25" pageNumber="236" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C575203FBE5B123FB73F8C9" author="Clark" box="[1054,1219,1881,1906]" firstAuthor="Clark" page="215" pageId="25" pageNumber="236" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref13772" refString="CLARK A. M. 1993. - An index of recent Asteroidea. Part 2: Valvatida, in JANGOUX M. &amp; LAWRENCE J. M. (eds), Echinoderm Studies, vol. 4. Balkema, Rotterdam: 187 - 366." type="book chapter" year="1993">Clark 1993: 215</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C575203FCD6B1F3FA3BF818" box="[813,1419,1928,1954]" pageId="25" pageNumber="236" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C575203FCD6B1F3FA3BF818" blockId="25.[813,1419,1928,1954]" box="[813,1419,1928,1954]" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">
CURRENT STATUS. —
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C575203FBFAB1F0FA38F818" authority="(Lamarck, 1816)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[1025,1416,1928,1952]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterinopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="236" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="penicillaris">
<emphasis id="72A765570C575203FBFAB1F0FB69F818" box="[1025,1241,1928,1952]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">Asterinopsis penicillaris</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C575203FB1DB1F1FACFF818" author="Lamarck" box="[1254,1407,1928,1952]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="25" pageNumber="236" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C575203FCD6B1C1FAA7F852" pageId="25" pageNumber="236" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C575203FCD6B1C1FAA7F852" blockId="25.[811,1457,1975,2026]" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">
MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
<materialsCitation id="F0BBB3180C575203FBE5B1C1FAA3F852" collectionCode="MHNH" country="Mauritius" pageId="25" pageNumber="236" stateProvince="Mhnh">
<collectionCode id="26C221800C575203FBE5B1C1FBC3F877" box="[1054,1139,1976,1999]" collectionName="MHNH" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">
<collectingRegion id="821777A70C575203FBE5B1C1FBC3F877" box="[1054,1139,1976,1999]" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">MHNH</collectingRegion>
</collectionCode>
;
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C575203FB87B1C1FB78F877" box="[1148,1224,1976,1999]" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">Lesueur</collectorName>
drawings collection; ref. 74007;
<location id="450CEF9E0C575203FC8CB1ABFC0EF852" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C87A08530C575201FC57B0A8FE26F975:450CEF9E0C575203FC8CB1ABFC0EF852" box="[887,958,2002,2026]" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">Baudin</location>
expedition;
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C575203FBC3B1ABFBC0F852" box="[1080,1136,2002,2026]" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">Péron</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C575203FB59B1ABFB5FF851" box="[1186,1263,2002,2025]" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">Lesueur</collectorName>
leg
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="14ACE9CD0C545200FF30B594FAD7FC47" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768199" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4768199" box="[203,1383,1005,1023]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4768199/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="237" startId="26.[203,214,1005,1023]" targetBox="[213,1374,215,963]" targetPageId="26">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C545200FF30B594FAD7FC47" blockId="26.[203,1383,1005,1023]" box="[203,1383,1005,1023]" pageId="26" pageNumber="237">
FIG. 26. —
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C545200FEDEB594FDA5FC47" authority="Perrier, 1875" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[293,533,1005,1023]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Nectria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="237" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C545200FEDEB594FE16FC47" box="[293,422,1005,1023]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="237">Nectria ocellata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C545200FE50B594FDA5FC47" author="Perrier" box="[427,533,1005,1023]" firstAuthor="Perrier" pageId="26" pageNumber="237" pagination="1 - 104" refId="ref14818" refString="PERRIER E. 1875. - Revision de la Collection de Stellerides du Museum d'Histoire naturelle de Paris. 384 p, Reinwald, Paris (also published in: Archives de Zoologie experimentale et generale vol. 4 [1875]: 263 - 449, and vol. 5 [1876]: 1 - 104)." type="book chapter" year="1875">Perrier, 1875</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[non
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C545200FDB8B594FCEAFC47" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[579,858,1005,1023]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="237" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ocellifera">
<emphasis id="72A765570C545200FDB8B594FD66FC47" box="[579,726,1005,1023]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="237">Asterias ocellifera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C545200FD21B594FCEAFC47" author="Lamarck" box="[730,858,1005,1023]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="26" pageNumber="237" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
]. Individual collected by Péron and Lesueur. Scale bar: 50 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="14ACE9CD0C545200FE4DB1AEFBCFF851" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768201" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4768201" box="[438,1151,2007,2025]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4768201/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="237" startId="26.[438,449,2007,2025]" targetBox="[213,1375,1084,1954]" targetPageId="26">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C545200FE4DB1AEFBCFF851" blockId="26.[438,1151,2007,2025]" box="[438,1151,2007,2025]" pageId="26" pageNumber="237">
FIG. 27. —
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C545200FDEBB1AEFC9BF851" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[528,811,2007,2025]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="237" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ophidiana">
<emphasis id="72A765570C545200FDEBB1AEFD19F851" box="[528,681,2007,2025]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="237">Asterias ophidiana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C545200FD55B1AEFC9BF851" author="Lamarck" box="[686,811,2007,2025]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="26" pageNumber="237" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(Worms image. Photo by Roberto Pilon).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="14ACE9CD0C555201FF7FB2EAFA83FB03" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768203" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4768203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4768203/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="238" startId="27.[132,143,1171,1189]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1128]" targetPageId="27">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C555201FF7FB2EAFA83FB03" blockId="27.[132,1456,1170,1211]" pageId="27" pageNumber="238">
FIG. 28. —
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C555201FF25B2EAFDB1FB1D" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[222,513,1171,1189]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="238" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="penicillaris">
<emphasis id="72A765570C555201FF25B2EAFECCFB1D" box="[222,380,1171,1189]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="238">Asterias penicillaris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C555201FE7AB2EAFDB1FB1D" author="Lamarck" box="[385,513,1171,1189]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="27" pageNumber="238" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="72A765570C555201FDFCB2EAFDA4FB1D" bold="true" box="[519,532,1171,1189]" pageId="27" pageNumber="238">A</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="72A765570C555201FDE5B2EAFD9BFB1D" bold="true" box="[542,555,1171,1189]" pageId="27" pageNumber="238">B</emphasis>
, abactinal (
<emphasis id="72A765570C555201FD70B2EAFD28FB1D" bold="true" box="[651,664,1171,1189]" pageId="27" pageNumber="238">A</emphasis>
) and actinal (
<emphasis id="72A765570C555201FCFDB2EAFCA3FB1D" bold="true" box="[774,787,1171,1189]" pageId="27" pageNumber="238">B</emphasis>
) surfaces;
<emphasis id="72A765570C555201FC95B2EBFCCCFB1C" bold="true" box="[878,892,1170,1188]" pageId="27" pageNumber="238">C</emphasis>
, arrangement of arm abactinal plates (text “wholly covered by small cylinders intersecting in all directions”);
<emphasis id="72A765570C555201FE35B2D0FE6CFB03" bold="true" box="[462,476,1193,1211]" pageId="27" pageNumber="238">D</emphasis>
, adambulacral and actinolateral spines (MHNH, Lesueur collection 74007, details, courtesy of MHNH).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C555201FF7FB28DFE26F975" pageId="27" pageNumber="238" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C555201FF7FB28DFF6EFAB4" blockId="27.[131,777,1268,1741]" box="[132,222,1268,1294]" pageId="27" pageNumber="238">REMARK</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C555201FF7FB36AFE72F934" blockId="27.[131,777,1268,1741]" pageId="27" pageNumber="238">
Collected during the Baudin expedition by Péron and Lesueur,
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C555201FF15B34DFE76FAF5" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[238,454,1331,1358]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="238" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="penicillaris">
<emphasis id="72A765570C555201FF15B34DFE76FAF5" box="[238,454,1331,1358]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="238">Asterias penicillaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cannot consequently come from the Atlantic, as written by
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C555201FE11B32AFD11FAD6" author="Lamarck" box="[490,673,1363,1390]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="27" pageNumber="238" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck (1816)</bibRefCitation>
. The species was discussed by
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C555201FE8FB30AFD3BFA35" author="Muller &amp; Troschel" box="[372,651,1395,1421]" firstAuthor="Muller" pageId="27" pageNumber="238" refId="ref14644" refString="MULLER J. &amp; TROSCHEL H. 1842. - System der Asteriden. Braunschweig, 134 p. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 12100281" type="book" year="1842">Müller &amp; Troschel (1842</bibRefCitation>
, under the name
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C555201FF30B3EAFE1EFA15" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[203,430,1427,1453]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Asteriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Asterales" pageId="27" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="penicillaris">
<emphasis id="72A765570C555201FF30B3EAFE1EFA15" box="[203,430,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="238">Asteriscus penicillaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) who reported its colouration from Lesueur’s drawings: “oben mit bläulichen Grunde und rothbraunen Stacheln; unten blau [above, bluish background with brownish-red spines; below blue]”. These authors mentioned that the species is in the Berlin Museum and said nothing about its presence in Paris. The absence of individuals in Paris could explain why
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C555201FDB9B02BFD6CF9D5" author="Perrier" box="[578,732,1618,1645]" firstAuthor="Perrier" pageId="27" pageNumber="238" pagination="1 - 104" refId="ref14818" refString="PERRIER E. 1875. - Revision de la Collection de Stellerides du Museum d'Histoire naturelle de Paris. 384 p, Reinwald, Paris (also published in: Archives de Zoologie experimentale et generale vol. 4 [1875]: 263 - 449, and vol. 5 [1876]: 1 - 104)." type="book chapter" year="1875">Perrier (1875)</bibRefCitation>
did not comment on the species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C555201FF60B0EBFE26F975" blockId="27.[131,777,1268,1741]" pageId="27" pageNumber="238">The Péron and Lesueur’s material of the species could not be found in the MNHN.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

108
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<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C575203FEF3B088FD33F8B4" ID-CoL="7NPX9" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[264,643,1777,1804]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="236" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ophidiana">
<emphasis id="72A765570C575203FEF3B088FEC7F8B4" bold="true" box="[264,375,1777,1804]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">ophidiana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C575203FE86B08BFD94F8B4" author="Lamarck" box="[381,548,1778,1804]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="25" pageNumber="236" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="72A765570C575203FDD4B08BFD33F8B4" bold="true" box="[559,643,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">Asterias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C575203FE6CB16BFE44F894" box="[407,500,1810,1836]" pageId="25" pageNumber="236" type="description">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C575203FE6CB16BFE44F894" blockId="25.[264,643,1777,1836]" box="[407,500,1810,1836]" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">
(
<figureCitation id="D8E8A5C00C575203FE65B16BFE5CF894" box="[414,492,1810,1836]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[438,449,2007,2025]" captionTargetBox="[213,1375,1084,1954]" captionTargetId="figure-41@26.[213,1375,1084,1954]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 27. — Asterias ophidiana Lamarck, 1816 (Worms image. Photo by Roberto Pilon)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768201" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4768201/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C575203FF7FB126FD26F808" pageId="25" pageNumber="236" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C575203FF7FB126FDB5F8CF" blockId="25.[132,517,1887,1911]" box="[132,517,1887,1911]" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C575203FF7FB126FDB5F8CF" box="[132,517,1887,1911]" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C575203FF7FB126FDB1F8CF" author="LAMARCK J. B. &amp; DE" box="[132,513,1887,1911]" page="567" pageId="25" pageNumber="236" year="1816">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C575203FF7FB126FDB1F8CF" authority="Lamarck, 1816: 567" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityPageNumber="567" authorityYear="1816" box="[132,513,1887,1911]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="236" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ophidiana">
<emphasis id="72A765570C575203FF7FB126FE81F8CF" box="[132,305,1887,1911]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">Asterias ophidiana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C575203FECCB126FDB1F8CF" author="Lamarck" box="[311,513,1887,1911]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" page="567" pageId="25" pageNumber="236" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816: 567</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C575203FF7FB1E1FD26F808" blockId="25.[132,662,1944,1968]" box="[132,662,1944,1968]" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C575203FF7FB1E1FD26F808" box="[132,662,1944,1968]" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">
<emphasis id="72A765570C575203FF7FB1E1FEC3F817" box="[132,371,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C575203FF7FB1E1FED0F808" ID-CoL="49VRD" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[132,352,1944,1968]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Ophidiaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="236" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ophidianus">Ophidiaster ophidianus</taxonomicName>
–
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C575203FE82B1E1FD22F808" author="CLARK A. M. &amp; DOWNEY M. E." box="[377,658,1944,1968]" page="281" pageId="25" pageNumber="236" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C575203FE82B1E1FD22F808" author="Clark &amp; Downey" box="[377,658,1944,1968]" firstAuthor="Clark" page="281" pageId="25" pageNumber="236" refId="ref13907" refString="CLARK A. M. &amp; DOWNEY M. E. 1992. - Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 565 p." type="book" year="1992">Clark &amp; Downey 1992: 281</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C575203FF7FB1ABFA00F99D" box="[132,1456,1549,2026]" pageId="25" pageNumber="236" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C575203FF7FB1ABFD56F850" blockId="25.[132,742,2000,2026]" box="[132,742,2000,2026]" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">
CURRENT STATUS. —
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C575203FEA2B1A9FD53F850" ID-CoL="49VRD" authority="(Lamarck, 1816)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[345,739,2000,2024]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Ophidiaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="236" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ophidianus">
<emphasis id="72A765570C575203FEA2B1A9FD85F850" box="[345,565,2000,2024]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">Ophidiaster ophidianus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C575203FDBAB1A9FD6BF850" author="Lamarck" box="[577,731,2000,2024]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="25" pageNumber="236" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C575203FCD6B074FA00F99D" blockId="25.[813,1456,1549,1573]" box="[813,1456,1549,1573]" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">DISTRIBUTION. — From western Mediterranea to the Gulf of Guinea.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C575203FCD6B02AFA1CF935" pageId="25" pageNumber="236" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C575203FCD6B02AFC37F9D3" blockId="25.[813,1452,1619,1677]" box="[813,903,1619,1645]" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">REMARK</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C575203FCD6B00BFA1CF935" blockId="25.[813,1452,1619,1677]" box="[813,1452,1650,1677]" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">
Lamarck’
<typeStatus id="9F6807E70C575203FC6CB00AFC75F935" box="[919,965,1651,1677]" pageId="25" pageNumber="236">type</typeStatus>
material could not be found in the MNHN.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

119
data/C8/7A/08/C87A08530C58520CFC59B06BFC23F854.xml Normal file
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<mods:title id="1042730FD83C046C6B533A4B024E7B60">The asteroid species of Lamarck (Echinodermata: Asteroidea)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="C87A08530C58520CFC59B06BFC23F854" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768428" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4768428" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C87A08530C58520CFC59B06BFC23F854" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C87A08530C58520CFC59B06BFC23F854" lastPageNumber="233" pageId="22" pageNumber="233">
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C58520CFC59B06BFA8AF994" box="[930,1338,1554,1580]" pageId="22" pageNumber="233" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C58520CFC59B06BFA8AF994" blockId="22.[930,1338,1554,1613]" box="[930,1338,1554,1580]" pageId="22" pageNumber="233">
<heading id="1B240E290C58520CFC59B06BFA8AF994" box="[930,1338,1554,1580]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="233" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C58520CFC59B06BFA8AF994" ID-CoL="87F8N" authority="Verrill, 1867" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1867" box="[930,1338,1554,1580]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Coscinaterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="233" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="muricata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C58520CFC59B06BFBB5F994" bold="true" box="[930,1029,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="233">muricata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C58520CFBF7B06BFB28F994" author="Verrill" box="[1036,1176,1554,1580]" firstAuthor="Verrill" pageId="22" pageNumber="233" pagination="247 - 351" refId="ref14956" refString="VERRILL A. E. 1867. - Notes on Radiata in the Museum of Yale College. Transactions Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 1: 247 - 351." type="journal article" year="1867">Verrill, 1867</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="72A765570C58520CFB59B06BFA8AF994" bold="true" box="[1186,1338,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="233">Coscinasterias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
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</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C58520CFBC4B04BFB2DF9F5" box="[1087,1181,1586,1613]" pageId="22" pageNumber="233" type="description">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C58520CFBC4B04BFB2DF9F5" blockId="22.[930,1338,1554,1613]" box="[1087,1181,1586,1613]" pageId="22" pageNumber="233">
(
<figureCitation id="D8E8A5C00C58520CFBBCB04BFB25F9F5" box="[1095,1173,1586,1613]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[133,144,1348,1366]" captionTargetBox="[132,1453,215,1282]" captionTargetId="figure-265@22.[132,1454,215,1282]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 22. — Coscinaterias muricata Verrill, 1867: A, B, abactinal (A) and actinal (B) surfaces; C, arm cross-section showing enlarged abactinal spines surronded by rings of crossed pedicellariae, below: upper view of such a spine and ring; C, actinal side of an arm section showing tube feet and adambulacral and inferomarginal spines (MHNH, Lesueur collection 74036, details, courtesy of MHNH)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768191" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4768191/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="233">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C58520CFCD6B00CFC7FF91F" pageId="22" pageNumber="233" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C58520CFCD6B00CFC7FF91F" blockId="22.[813,1455,1652,1703]" pageId="22" pageNumber="233">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C58520CFCD6B00CFC7FF91F" pageId="22" pageNumber="233">
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C58520CFCD6B00CFB61F935" author="VERRILL A. E." box="[813,1233,1652,1677]" page="249" pageId="22" pageNumber="233" year="1867">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C58520CFCD6B00CFB61F935" ID-CoL="YTBM" authority="Verrill, 1867: 249" authorityName="Verrill" authorityPageNumber="249" authorityYear="1867" box="[813,1233,1652,1677]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Coscinasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="233" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="muricata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C58520CFCD6B00CFBA0F934" box="[813,1040,1653,1676]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="233">Coscinasterias muricata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C58520CFBE3B00DFB61F935" author="Verrill" box="[1048,1233,1652,1677]" firstAuthor="Verrill" page="249" pageId="22" pageNumber="233" pagination="247 - 351" refId="ref14956" refString="VERRILL A. E. 1867. - Notes on Radiata in the Museum of Yale College. Transactions Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 1: 247 - 351." type="journal article" year="1867">Verrill, 1867: 249</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<emphasis id="72A765570C58520CFB27B00CFB45F934" box="[1244,1269,1653,1676]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="233">—</emphasis>
Clark
<emphasis id="72A765570C58520CFAC5B00CFAE2F934" box="[1342,1362,1653,1676]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="233">in</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C58520CFAA1B00DFC7BF91F" author="CLARK A. M. &amp; MAH CH" page="270" pageId="22" pageNumber="233" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C58520CFAA1B00DFC7BF91F" author="Clark &amp; Mah" firstAuthor="Clark" page="270" pageId="22" pageNumber="233" pagination="229 - 347" refId="ref13935" refString="CLARK A. M. &amp; MAH CH. 2001. - An index of recent Asteroidea. Part 4: Forcipulata and Brisingida, in JANGOUX M. &amp; LAWRENCE J. M. (eds), Echinoderm Studies, vol. 6. Balkema, Rotterdam: 229 - 347." type="book chapter" year="2001">Clark &amp; Mah 2001: 270</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C58520CFCD6B0B0FAD6F958" box="[813,1382,1736,1761]" pageId="22" pageNumber="233" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C58520CFCD6B0B0FAD6F958" blockId="22.[813,1382,1736,1761]" box="[813,1382,1736,1761]" pageId="22" pageNumber="233">
CURRENT STATUS. —
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C58520CFBFAB0B1FAD3F958" ID-CoL="YTBM" authority="Verrill, 1867" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1867" box="[1025,1379,1736,1760]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Coscinasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="233" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="muricata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C58520CFBFAB0B1FB6EF967" box="[1025,1246,1736,1759]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="233">Coscinasterias muricata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C58520CFB18B0B1FAD3F958" author="Verrill" box="[1251,1379,1736,1760]" firstAuthor="Verrill" pageId="22" pageNumber="233" pagination="247 - 351" refId="ref14956" refString="VERRILL A. E. 1867. - Notes on Radiata in the Museum of Yale College. Transactions Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 1: 247 - 351." type="journal article" year="1867">Verrill, 1867</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C58520CFCD6B178FA2BF88B" pageId="22" pageNumber="233" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C58520CFCD6B178FA2BF88B" blockId="22.[811,1457,1792,1843]" pageId="22" pageNumber="233">
MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
<materialsCitation id="F0BBB3180C58520CFBE5B178FA27F88B" collectionCode="MHNH" country="Mauritius" pageId="22" pageNumber="233" stateProvince="Mhnh">
<collectionCode id="26C221800C58520CFBE5B178FBC3F8A0" box="[1054,1139,1793,1816]" collectionName="MHNH" pageId="22" pageNumber="233">
<collectingRegion id="821777A70C58520CFBE5B178FBC3F8A0" box="[1054,1139,1793,1816]" pageId="22" pageNumber="233">MHNH</collectingRegion>
</collectionCode>
;
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C58520CFB87B178FB78F8A0" box="[1148,1224,1793,1816]" pageId="22" pageNumber="233">Lesueur</collectorName>
drawings collection; ref. 74036;
<location id="450CEF9E0C58520CFC8CB162FC0EF88B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C87A08530C58520CFC59B06BFC23F854:450CEF9E0C58520CFC8CB162FC0EF88B" box="[887,958,1819,1843]" pageId="22" pageNumber="233">Baudin</location>
expedition (1800-1804);
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C58520CFB47B162FB44F88B" box="[1212,1268,1819,1843]" pageId="22" pageNumber="233">Péron</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C58520CFADDB162FAC3F88A" box="[1318,1395,1819,1842]" pageId="22" pageNumber="233">Lesueur</collectorName>
leg
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C58520CFCD6B12DFA18F8D3" box="[813,1448,1875,1899]" pageId="22" pageNumber="233" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C58520CFCD6B12DFA18F8D3" blockId="22.[813,1448,1875,1899]" box="[813,1448,1875,1899]" pageId="22" pageNumber="233">DISTRIBUTION. — Temperate Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand.</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C58520CFCD6B1EBFC23F854" pageId="22" pageNumber="233" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C58520CFCD6B1EBFC37F812" blockId="22.[813,1454,1938,2028]" box="[813,903,1938,1964]" pageId="22" pageNumber="233">REMARK</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C58520CFCD6B1C8FC23F854" blockId="22.[813,1454,1938,2028]" pageId="22" pageNumber="233">Péron and Lesueur’s material could not be found in the MNHN.</paragraph>
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<mods:title id="8612C13F600DB6A535AC5B20924CD432">The asteroid species of Lamarck (Echinodermata: Asteroidea)</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C58520CFEF7B06BFD30F994" ID-CoL="7NPX9" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[268,640,1554,1581]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="233" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="multifora">
<emphasis id="72A765570C58520CFEF7B06BFEC3F995" bold="true" box="[268,371,1554,1581]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="233">multifora</emphasis>
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,
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(
<figureCitation id="D8E8A5C00C58520CFE65B04BFE5CF9F5" box="[414,492,1586,1613]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[132,143,1984,2002]" captionTargetBox="[134,1455,1421,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-136@21.[132,1455,1421,1946]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 21. — Asterias multifora Lamarck, 1816: A, abactinal surface; B, arm cross-section showing the arrangement of skeletal plates; C, adambulacral and actinolateral granules and plates (MHNH, Lesueur collection 74019, details, courtesy of MHNH)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768189" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4768189/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="233">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
)
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C58520CFF7FB015FE4EF93B" box="[132,510,1643,1667]" pageId="22" pageNumber="233">
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C58520CFF7FB015FE4AF93B" author="LAMARCK J. B. &amp; DE" box="[132,506,1643,1667]" page="565" pageId="22" pageNumber="233" year="1816">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C58520CFF7FB015FE4AF93B" authority="Lamarck, 1816: 565" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityPageNumber="565" authorityYear="1816" box="[132,506,1643,1667]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="233" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="multifora">
<emphasis id="72A765570C58520CFF7FB015FE9AF93B" box="[132,298,1643,1667]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="233">Asterias multifora</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C58520CFECBB012FE4AF93B" author="Lamarck" box="[304,506,1643,1667]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" page="565" pageId="22" pageNumber="233" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816: 565</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C58520CFF7FB0E2FE5CF90B" box="[132,492,1691,1715]" pageId="22" pageNumber="233">
<emphasis id="72A765570C58520CFF7FB0E2FE8DF90B" box="[132,317,1691,1715]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="233">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C58520CFF7FB0E2FE9AF90B" ID-CoL="6QGC9" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[132,298,1691,1715]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Linckia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="233" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="multifora">Linckia multifora</taxonomicName>
–
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<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C58520CFEB8B0E2FE58F90B" author="CLARK A. M." box="[323,488,1691,1715]" page="339" pageId="22" pageNumber="233" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C58520CFEB8B0E2FE58F90B" author="Clark" box="[323,488,1691,1715]" firstAuthor="Clark" page="339" pageId="22" pageNumber="233" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref13772" refString="CLARK A. M. 1993. - An index of recent Asteroidea. Part 2: Valvatida, in JANGOUX M. &amp; LAWRENCE J. M. (eds), Echinoderm Studies, vol. 4. Balkema, Rotterdam: 187 - 366." type="book chapter" year="1993">Clark 1993: 339</bibRefCitation>
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CURRENT STATUS. —
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<emphasis id="72A765570C58520CFEA2B0B2FE4FF95B" box="[345,511,1739,1763]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="233">Linckia multifora</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C58520CFDF0B0B2FD14F95B" author="Lamarck" box="[523,676,1739,1763]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="22" pageNumber="233" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
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MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
<materialsCitation id="F0BBB3180C58520CFE8EB082FDDBF895" collectionCode="MHNH" country="Mauritius" pageId="22" pageNumber="233" stateProvince="Mhnh">
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<collectingRegion id="821777A70C58520CFE8EB082FE7AF8AA" box="[373,458,1787,1810]" pageId="22" pageNumber="233">MHNH</collectingRegion>
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;
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C58520CFE28B082FDAFF8AA" box="[467,543,1787,1810]" pageId="22" pageNumber="233">Lesueur</collectorName>
drawings collection; ref. 74019;
<location id="450CEF9E0C58520CFF34B16CFEA6F895" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C87A08530C58520CFEF7B06BFD51F854:450CEF9E0C58520CFF34B16CFEA6F895" box="[207,278,1813,1837]" pageId="22" pageNumber="233">Baudin</location>
expedition;
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C58520CFE6BB16CFE78F895" box="[400,456,1813,1837]" pageId="22" pageNumber="233">Péron</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C58520CFE02B16CFDF6F894" box="[505,582,1813,1836]" pageId="22" pageNumber="233">Lesueur</collectorName>
leg
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.
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<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C58520CFF7FB13CFED2F829" pageId="22" pageNumber="233" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C58520CFF7FB13CFED2F829" blockId="22.[132,777,1860,1937]" pageId="22" pageNumber="233">DISTRIBUTION. — The species commonly occurs in the whole Indo-West Pacific. It does not occur in European seas contrary to Lamarck’s assumption.</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C58520CFF7FB1CBFD51F854" pageId="22" pageNumber="233" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C58520CFF7FB1CBFF6EF872" blockId="22.[132,737,1970,2028]" box="[132,222,1970,1996]" pageId="22" pageNumber="233">REMARK</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C58520CFF7FB1A8FD51F854" blockId="22.[132,737,1970,2028]" box="[132,737,2001,2028]" pageId="22" pageNumber="233">
Lamarck’s
<typeStatus id="9F6807E70C58520CFF0DB1ABFE94F854" box="[246,292,2002,2028]" pageId="22" pageNumber="233">type</typeStatus>
material could not be found in MNHN.
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<heading id="1B240E290C59520DFC5DB108FA86F833" box="[934,1334,1905,1932]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C59520DFC5DB108FA86F833" ID-CoL="67BBB" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[934,1334,1905,1932]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Pseudoreaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="obtusangula">
<emphasis id="72A765570C59520DFC5DB108FB99F834" bold="true" box="[934,1065,1905,1932]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">obtusangula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C59520DFBCBB108FB67F833" author="Lamarck" box="[1072,1239,1905,1931]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="72A765570C59520DFB19B108FA86F833" bold="true" box="[1250,1334,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">Asterias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C59520DFBC4B1E8FB2DF813" box="[1087,1181,1937,1963]" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" type="description">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C59520DFBC4B1E8FB2DF813" blockId="23.[934,1334,1905,1963]" box="[1087,1181,1937,1963]" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">
(
<figureCitation id="D8E8A5C00C59520DFBBCB1E8FB25F813" box="[1095,1173,1937,1963]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[133,144,1256,1274]" captionTargetBox="[130,1453,202,1213]" captionTargetId="figure-389@24.[130,1453,202,1213]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 24. — Asterias obtusangula Lamarck, 1816: A, B, abactinal (A) and actinal (B) surfaces; C, adambulacral spines and a sessile pedicellaria; D, remains of the holotype (A-C, MHNH, Lesueur collection 74051, details, courtesy of MHNH; D, MNHN-IE-2014-92)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768195" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4768195/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C595202FCD6B1ABFDF0FAF6" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="235" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C59520DFCD6B1ABFB0FF852" blockId="23.[813,1215,2002,2026]" box="[813,1215,2002,2026]" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C59520DFCD6B1ABFB0FF852" box="[813,1215,2002,2026]" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C59520DFCD6B1ABFB0BF852" author="LAMARCK J. B. &amp; DE" box="[813,1211,2002,2026]" page="556" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" year="1816">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C59520DFCD6B1ABFB0BF852" authority="Lamarck, 1816: 556" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityPageNumber="556" authorityYear="1816" box="[813,1211,2002,2026]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="obtusangula">
<emphasis id="72A765570C59520DFCD6B1ABFC5AF852" box="[813,1002,2002,2026]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">Asterias obtusangula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C59520DFC0AB1ABFB0BF852" author="Lamarck" box="[1009,1211,2002,2026]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" page="556" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816: 556</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<caption id="14ACE9CD0C565202FF7EB291FC7EFAA8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768195" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4768195" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4768195/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" startId="24.[133,144,1256,1274]" targetBox="[130,1453,202,1213]" targetPageId="24">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C565202FF7EB291FC7EFAA8" blockId="24.[133,1455,1255,1296]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">
FIG. 24. —
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C565202FF25B291FDA0FB42" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[222,528,1256,1274]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="obtusangula">
<emphasis id="72A765570C565202FF25B291FE3CFB42" box="[222,396,1256,1274]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">Asterias obtusangula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C565202FE6AB291FDA0FB42" author="Lamarck" box="[401,528,1256,1274]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="72A765570C565202FDECB291FD94FB42" bold="true" box="[535,548,1256,1274]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">A</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="72A765570C565202FDD6B291FD8AFB42" bold="true" box="[557,570,1256,1274]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">B</emphasis>
, abactinal (
<emphasis id="72A765570C565202FD61B291FD17FB42" bold="true" box="[666,679,1256,1274]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">A</emphasis>
) and actinal (
<emphasis id="72A765570C565202FCEDB291FC93FB42" bold="true" box="[790,803,1256,1274]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">B</emphasis>
) surfaces;
<emphasis id="72A765570C565202FC85B29EFC3CFB41" bold="true" box="[894,908,1255,1273]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">C</emphasis>
, adambulacral spines and a sessile pedicellaria;
<emphasis id="72A765570C565202FADAB291FA9FFB42" bold="true" box="[1313,1327,1256,1274]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">D</emphasis>
, remains of the holotype (
<emphasis id="72A765570C565202FF2CB287FF49FAA8" bold="true" box="[215,249,1278,1296]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">A -C</emphasis>
, MHNH, Lesueur collection 74051, details, courtesy of MHNH;
<emphasis id="72A765570C565202FCF3B287FCA6FAA8" bold="true" box="[776,790,1278,1296]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">D</emphasis>
, MNHN-IE-2014-92).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C565202FF7FB34FFDF0FAF6" blockId="24.[132,576,1334,1358]" box="[132,576,1334,1358]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C565202FF7FB34FFDF0FAF6" box="[132,576,1334,1358]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">
<emphasis id="72A765570C565202FF7FB34FFE21FAF6" box="[132,401,1334,1358]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C565202FF7FB34FFECDFAF6" ID-CoL="4P9GT" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[132,381,1334,1358]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Pseudoreaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="obtusangulus">Pseudoreaster obtusangulus</taxonomicName>
–
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C565202FE6CB34FFD8CFAF6" author="CLARK A. M." box="[407,572,1334,1358]" page="318" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C565202FE6CB34FFD8CFAF6" author="Clark" box="[407,572,1334,1358]" firstAuthor="Clark" page="318" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref13772" refString="CLARK A. M. 1993. - An index of recent Asteroidea. Part 2: Valvatida, in JANGOUX M. &amp; LAWRENCE J. M. (eds), Echinoderm Studies, vol. 4. Balkema, Rotterdam: 187 - 366." type="book chapter" year="1993">Clark 1993: 318</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C565202FF7FB31FFCB4FAC4" box="[132,772,1380,1406]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C565202FF7FB31FFCB4FAC4" blockId="24.[132,772,1380,1406]" box="[132,772,1380,1406]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">
CURRENT STATUS. —
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C565202FEA2B31DFCB1FAC4" ID-CoL="4P9GT" authority="(Lamarck, 1816)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[345,769,1380,1404]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Pseudoreaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="obtusangulus">
<emphasis id="72A765570C565202FEA2B31DFDE2FAC4" box="[345,594,1380,1404]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">Pseudoreaster obtusangulus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C565202FDA4B31DFD48FAC4" author="Lamarck" box="[607,760,1380,1404]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C565202FF7FB3EAFCB7FA67" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C565202FF7FB3EAFCB7FA67" blockId="24.[130,775,1427,1503]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">
MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
<materialsCitation id="F0BBB3180C565202FE96B3EDFD45FA7D" collectorName="Peron &amp; Lesueur" location="South Seas" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" specimenCode="MNHN-IE-2014-92" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South Seas" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="72A765570C565202FE96B3EDFE63FA14" bold="true" box="[365,467,1428,1452]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">
<collectingRegion id="821777A70C565202FE96B3EDFE63FA14" box="[365,467,1428,1452]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">South Seas</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCode id="1075113E0C565202FE1FB3EAFD1AFA13" box="[484,682,1427,1451]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">MNHN-IE-2014-92</specimenCode>
;
<typeStatus id="9F6807E70C565202FD4EB3EAFCB7FA13" box="[693,775,1427,1451]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(fragments); Baudin expedition (1800-1804);
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C565202FDD1B3D4FDD0FA7D" box="[554,608,1453,1477]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">Péron</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C565202FD70B3D7FD64FA7D" box="[651,724,1454,1477]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">Lesueur</collectorName>
leg
</materialsCitation>
. •
<materialsCitation id="F0BBB3180C565202FF79B3B1FCB2FA67" box="[130,770,1479,1503]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">
<collectionCode id="26C221800C565202FF79B3B1FF66FA67" box="[130,214,1480,1503]" collectionName="MHNH" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">MHNH</collectionCode>
;
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C565202FF25B3B1FE98FA67" box="[222,296,1480,1503]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">Lesueur</collectorName>
drawings collection; ref. 74051;
<location id="450CEF9E0C565202FDAFB3BEFD28FA67" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C87A08530C595202FC5DB108FDA1F9B6:450CEF9E0C565202FDAFB3BEFD28FA67" box="[596,664,1479,1503]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">Baudin</location>
expedition
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C565202FF7FB38FFDA1F9B6" box="[132,529,1526,1550]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C565202FF7FB38FFDA1F9B6" blockId="24.[132,529,1526,1550]" box="[132,529,1526,1550]" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">
DISTRIBUTION. — North-west
<collectingCountry id="38C4F9D50C565202FE4FB38FFDBDF9B6" box="[436,525,1526,1550]" name="Australia" pageId="24" pageNumber="235">Australia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

142
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<treatment id="C87A08530C59520DFC5AB2AAFA1FF894" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C87A08530C59520DFC5AB2AAFA1FF894" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C87A08530C59520DFC5AB2AAFA1FF894" lastPageNumber="234" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C59520DFC5AB2AAFA8BFB56" box="[929,1339,1235,1262]" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C59520DFC5AB2AAFA8BFB56" blockId="23.[929,1339,1235,1294]" box="[929,1339,1235,1262]" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">
<heading id="1B240E290C59520DFC5AB2AAFA8BFB56" box="[929,1339,1235,1262]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C59520DFC5AB2AAFA8BFB56" ID-CoL="7NPX9" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[929,1339,1235,1262]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nodosa">
<emphasis id="72A765570C59520DFC5AB2AAFC5BFB56" bold="true" box="[929,1003,1235,1262]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">nodosa</emphasis>
var. 3
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C59520DFBCEB2ADFB6CFB56" author="Lamarck" box="[1077,1244,1236,1262]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="72A765570C59520DFB1CB2ADFA8BFB56" bold="true" box="[1255,1339,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">Asterias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C59520DFBD0B28AFB01FAB6" box="[1067,1201,1267,1294]" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" type="description">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C59520DFBD0B28AFB01FAB6" blockId="23.[929,1339,1235,1294]" box="[1067,1201,1267,1294]" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">
(
<figureCitation id="D8E8A5C00C59520DFBC8B28AFBCEFAB6" box="[1075,1150,1267,1294]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="23.[132,143,1146,1164]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,214,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-361@23.[132,1455,214,1104]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIG. 23. — Asterias nodosa Lamarck, 1816, A-D, varieties 1 &amp; 2: A, B, abactinal (A) and actinal (B) surfaces; C, enlarged abactinal tubercule, D, interradial arc (MHNH, Lesueur’s collection 74055, details, courtesy of MHNH); E, F, variety 3: abactinal (E) and actinal (F) surfaces (MNHN-IE-2017-837)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768193" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4768193/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
E-F)
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="406CB9450C59520DFCD6B34FFB37FAF5" blockId="23.[813,1159,1333,1358]" box="[813,1159,1333,1358]" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C59520DFCD6B34FFB37FAF5" box="[813,1159,1333,1358]" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C59520DFCD6B34FFB37FAF5" author="LAMARCK J. B. &amp; DE" box="[813,1159,1333,1358]" page="557" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" year="1816">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C59520DFCD6B34FFB37FAF5" authority="Lamarck, 1816: 557" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[813,1159,1333,1358]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nodosa">
<emphasis id="72A765570C59520DFCD6B34FFC09FAF6" box="[813,953,1334,1358]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">Asterias nodosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C59520DFC3BB34FFB37FAF5" author="Lamarck" box="[960,1159,1333,1358]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" page="557" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816:557</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C59520DFCD6B316FB5FFA19" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C59520DFCD6B316FB5FFA19" blockId="23.[813,1461,1390,1441]" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">
REVISED STATUS. —
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C59520DFC07B316FB3CFA3E" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[1020,1164,1390,1414]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nodosa">
<emphasis id="72A765570C59520DFC07B316FB3CFA3E" box="[1020,1164,1390,1414]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">Asterias nodosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
var. 3 is newly synonymized here with
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C59520DFC74B3F0FB5BFA19" authority="(Blainville, 1830)" baseAuthorityName="Blainville" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[911,1259,1417,1441]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Protoreaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lincki">
<emphasis id="72A765570C59520DFC74B3F0FB87FA19" box="[911,1079,1417,1441]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">Protoreaster lincki</emphasis>
(Blainville, 1830)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C59520DFCD6B3BBFA1EFA4C" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C59520DFCD6B3BBFA1EFA4C" blockId="23.[810,1455,1473,1524]" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">
MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
<materialsCitation id="F0BBB3180C59520DFBEAB3BAFA1AFA4C" country="Mauritius" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">
<emphasis id="72A765570C59520DFBEAB3BAFBDEFA63" bold="true" box="[1041,1134,1475,1499]" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">
<collectingCountry id="38C4F9D50C59520DFBEAB3BAFBDEFA63" box="[1041,1134,1475,1499]" name="Mauritius" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" value="Mauritius">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
• MNHN-IE-2017-837;
<specimenCount id="56D572CC0C59520DFAA2B3B8FA1FFA61" box="[1369,1455,1473,1497]" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" type="generic">specimen</specimenCount>
from the
<location id="450CEF9E0C59520DFC7EB3A5FC7CFA4C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C87A08530C59520DFC5AB2AAFA1FF894:450CEF9E0C59520DFC7EB3A5FC7CFA4C" box="[901,972,1500,1524]" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">Baudin</location>
expedition (1800-1804);
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C59520DFB34B3A5FAB7FA4C" box="[1231,1287,1500,1524]" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">Péron</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C59520DFAC3B3A5FA35FA4B" box="[1336,1413,1500,1523]" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">Lesueur</collectorName>
leg
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C59520DFCD6B06CFB48F994" box="[813,1272,1557,1581]" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C59520DFCD6B06CFB48F994" blockId="23.[813,1272,1557,1581]" box="[813,1272,1557,1581]" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">DISTRIBUTION. — Tropical West Indian ocean.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C59520DFCD6B02AFA1FF894" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C59520DFCD6B02AFC37F9D3" blockId="23.[811,1456,1619,1836]" box="[813,903,1619,1645]" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">REMARK</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C59520DFCD6B00AFA1FF894" blockId="23.[811,1456,1619,1836]" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C59520DFCD6B00AFCCBF934" baseAuthorityName="Blainville" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[813,891,1650,1676]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Protoreaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lincki">
<emphasis id="72A765570C59520DFCD6B00AFCCBF934" box="[813,891,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">P. lincki</emphasis>
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differs markedly from
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C59520DFB9CB00AFB79F934" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1127,1225,1650,1676]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Protoreaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nodosus">
<emphasis id="72A765570C59520DFB9CB00AFB79F934" box="[1127,1225,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">P. nodosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having some of the distal supero-marginal plates bearing laterally-projecting spines. Also red and brown-beige are the dominant colours of abactinal and supero-marginal plates in
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C59520DFBA4B0AAFB1DF954" baseAuthorityName="Blainville" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[1119,1197,1746,1772]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Protoreaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lincki">
<emphasis id="72A765570C59520DFBA4B0AAFB1DF954" box="[1119,1197,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">P. lincki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
while they are of a varied brown in
<emphasis id="72A765570C59520DFC70B08AFC41F8B4" box="[907,1009,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C59520DFC70B08AFC5DF8B4" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[907,1005,1778,1804]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Protoreaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nodosus">P.nodosus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Note also that
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C59520DFB7FB08AFB60F8B4" baseAuthorityName="Blainville" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[1156,1232,1778,1804]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Protoreaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lincki">
<emphasis id="72A765570C59520DFB7FB08AFB60F8B4" box="[1156,1232,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">P.lincki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very common in the west part of the Indian Ocean while
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C59520DFB7EB16BFB51F894" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1157,1249,1810,1836]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Protoreaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nodosus">
<emphasis id="72A765570C59520DFB7EB16BFB51F894" box="[1157,1249,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">P.nodosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is in the West Pacific.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="4EB35F1F54B327078837A984FDD8ECA0">The asteroid species of Lamarck (Echinodermata: Asteroidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="71C9805210BBA36056FBD0110DF591DF">Laboratoire de Biologie marine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50 avenue F. D. Roosevelt, B- 1050 Bruxelles (Belgium) and Laboratoire de Biologie marine, Université de Mons, 20 Place du Parc, B- 7000 Mons (Belgium)</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="C87A08530C59520DFEE1B2AAFCB4FA55" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C87A08530C59520DFEE1B2AAFCB4FA55" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C87A08530C59520DFEE1B2AAFCB4FA55" lastPageNumber="234" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C59520DFEE1B2AAFDC1FB56" box="[282,625,1235,1262]" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C59520DFEE1B2AAFDC1FB56" blockId="23.[282,625,1235,1294]" box="[282,625,1235,1262]" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">
<heading id="1B240E290C59520DFEE1B2AAFDC1FB56" box="[282,625,1235,1262]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C59520DFEE1B2AAFDC1FB56" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[282,625,1235,1262]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nodosa">
<emphasis id="72A765570C59520DFEE1B2AAFED4FB56" bold="true" box="[282,356,1235,1262]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">nodosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C59520DFE90B2ADFDA2FB56" author="Lamarck" box="[363,530,1236,1262]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="72A765570C59520DFDE6B2ADFDC1FB56" bold="true" box="[541,625,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">Asterias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C59520DFE6CB28AFE45FAB6" box="[407,501,1267,1294]" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" type="description">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C59520DFE6CB28AFE45FAB6" blockId="23.[282,625,1235,1294]" box="[407,501,1267,1294]" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">
(
<figureCitation id="D8E8A5C00C59520DFE65B28AFE5CFAB6" box="[414,492,1267,1294]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[133,144,1348,1366]" captionTargetBox="[132,1453,215,1282]" captionTargetId="figure-265@22.[132,1454,215,1282]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 22. — Coscinaterias muricata Verrill, 1867: A, B, abactinal (A) and actinal (B) surfaces; C, arm cross-section showing enlarged abactinal spines surronded by rings of crossed pedicellariae, below: upper view of such a spine and ring; C, actinal side of an arm section showing tube feet and adambulacral and inferomarginal spines (MHNH, Lesueur collection 74036, details, courtesy of MHNH)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768191" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4768191/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C59520DFF7FB354FE56FAFC" box="[132,486,1324,1348]" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C59520DFF7FB354FE56FAFC" blockId="23.[132,486,1324,1348]" box="[132,486,1324,1348]" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C59520DFF7FB354FE56FAFC" box="[132,486,1324,1348]" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C59520DFF7FB354FE52FAFC" author="LAMARCK J. B. &amp; DE" box="[132,482,1324,1348]" page="557" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" year="1816">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C59520DFF7FB354FE52FAFC" authority="Lamarck, 1816: 557" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityPageNumber="557" authorityYear="1816" box="[132,482,1324,1348]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nodosa">
<emphasis id="72A765570C59520DFF7FB354FEA1FAFC" box="[132,273,1324,1348]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">Asterias nodosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C59520DFEE3B355FE52FAFC" author="Lamarck" box="[280,482,1324,1348]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" page="557" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816: 557</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<paragraph id="406CB9450C59520DFF7FB30DFF6EFA34" blockId="23.[131,775,1396,1517]" box="[132,222,1396,1422]" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">REMARK</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C59520DFF7FB3EAFCB4FA55" blockId="23.[131,775,1396,1517]" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">
Considering the MNHN collection and the works of
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C59520DFD32B3EAFF7EFA75" author="Linck" firstAuthor="Linck" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" refId="ref14450" refString="LINCK J. H. 1733. - De stellis marinis liber singularis. Lipsiae, 151 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 120095" type="book" year="1733">Linck (1733)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C59520DFEFBB3CAFE08FA75" author="Bruguiere" box="[256,440,1459,1485]" firstAuthor="Bruguiere" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" pagination="1827" refId="ref13659" refString="BRUGUIERE J. G. 1791. - Helminthology [y compris les zoophytes echinodermes]. Tableau encyclopedique et methodique des trois Regnes de la Nature […], 1. Pancoucke, Paris, 189 pl. [The asteroid figured by Bruguiere were identified by Bory de Saint Vincent in 1827 in an appendix of Bruguiere's Tableau.]" type="journal article" year="1791">Bruguière (1791)</bibRefCitation>
, Lamarck cited three varieties of
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C59520DFF78B3AAFEA5FA55" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[131,277,1491,1517]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nodosa">
<emphasis id="72A765570C59520DFF78B3AAFEA5FA55" box="[131,277,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">Asterias nodosa</emphasis>
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which in fact correspond to two different species.
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var. 1 &amp; 2
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(
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<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C59520DFF7FB0E1FE52F908" author="LAMARCK J. B. &amp; DE" box="[132,482,1688,1712]" page="557" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" year="1816">
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<emphasis id="72A765570C59520DFF7FB0E1FEA1F908" box="[132,273,1688,1712]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">Asterias nodosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C59520DFEE3B0E1FE52F908" author="Lamarck" box="[280,482,1688,1712]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" page="557" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816: 557</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C59520DFF7FB0B4FE5BF95C" authority="Linnaeus, 1758: 661" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="661" authorityYear="1758" box="[132,491,1740,1764]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nodosa">
<emphasis id="72A765570C59520DFF7FB0B4FEA1F95C" box="[132,273,1740,1764]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">Asterias nodosa</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758: 661
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.
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<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C59520DFF7FB178FE8FF8A0" ID-CoL="4N6V8" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[132,319,1792,1816]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Protoreaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nodosus">
<emphasis id="72A765570C59520DFF7FB178FE8FF8A0" box="[132,319,1792,1816]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">Protoreaster nodosus</emphasis>
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<superScript id="B7A6140D0C59520DFEBEB178FEFEF8A9" attach="right" box="[325,334,1793,1809]" fontSize="7" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">–</superScript>
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C59520DFEA9B179FE4EF8A1" author="CLARK A. M." box="[338,510,1792,1817]" page="318" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C59520DFEA9B179FE4EF8A1" author="Clark" box="[338,510,1792,1817]" firstAuthor="Clark" page="318" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref13772" refString="CLARK A. M. 1993. - An index of recent Asteroidea. Part 2: Valvatida, in JANGOUX M. &amp; LAWRENCE J. M. (eds), Echinoderm Studies, vol. 4. Balkema, Rotterdam: 187 - 366." type="book chapter" year="1993">Clark 1993: 318</bibRefCitation>
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CURRENT STATUS. —
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<emphasis id="72A765570C59520DFEA2B14CFDA3F8F5" box="[345,531,1845,1869]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">Protoreaster nodosus</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1758)
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.
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MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
<materialsCitation id="F0BBB3180C59520DFE7EB110FCB5F823" collectionCode="MHNH" country="Mauritius" pageId="23" pageNumber="234" stateProvince="Mhnh">
<collectionCode id="26C221800C59520DFE7EB110FE6CF838" box="[389,476,1897,1920]" collectionName="MHNH" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">
<collectingRegion id="821777A70C59520DFE7EB110FE6CF838" box="[389,476,1897,1920]" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">MHNH</collectingRegion>
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;
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C59520DFE12B110FD87F838" box="[489,567,1897,1920]" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">Lesueur</collectorName>
drawings collection; ref. 74055;
<location id="450CEF9E0C59520DFF08B1FAFE89F823" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C87A08530C59520DFF1BB04BFF7DF852:450CEF9E0C59520DFF08B1FAFE89F823" box="[243,313,1923,1947]" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">Baudin</location>
expedition (1800-1804);
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C59520DFDC9B1FAFDDAF823" box="[562,618,1923,1947]" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">Péron</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C59520DFD6CB1FDFD52F823" box="[663,738,1924,1947]" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">Lesueur</collectorName>
leg
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.
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<paragraph id="406CB9450C59520DFF7FB1C1FF7DF852" blockId="23.[132,775,1975,2026]" pageId="23" pageNumber="234">DISTRIBUTION. — Tropical East Indian ocean and tropical West Pacific.</paragraph>
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125
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<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C5A520EFBD4B04BFB65F9F4" author="Lamarck" box="[1071,1237,1586,1612]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="20" pageNumber="231" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="72A765570C5A520EFB1BB04BFA84F9F4" bold="true" box="[1248,1332,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">Asterias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C5A520EFBC4B02BFB2DF9D4" box="[1087,1181,1618,1644]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231" type="description">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C5A520EFBC4B02BFB2DF9D4" blockId="20.[935,1332,1586,1644]" box="[1087,1181,1618,1644]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">
(
<figureCitation id="D8E8A5C00C5A520EFBBCB02BFB25F9D4" box="[1095,1173,1618,1644]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[132,143,1331,1349]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-113@21.[132,1455,208,1294]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 20. — Asterias milleporella Lamarck, 1816: A, B, abactinal and actinal surfaces; C, furrow spines; D, madreporite and disc abactinal plates; E, syntype of the species (A-D, MHNH, Lesueur collection 74016, details, courtesy of MHNH; E, MNHN-IE-2014-57). Scale bar: 20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768187" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4768187/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C5A520EFCD6B0F6FB17F96E" pageId="20" pageNumber="231" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C5A520EFCD6B0F6FB0CF91E" blockId="20.[813,1212,1678,1702]" box="[813,1212,1678,1702]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C5A520EFCD6B0F6FB0CF91E" box="[813,1212,1678,1702]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C5A520EFCD6B0F6FB08F91E" author="LAMARCK J. B. &amp; DE" box="[813,1208,1678,1702]" page="564" pageId="20" pageNumber="231" year="1816">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C5A520EFCD6B0F6FB08F91E" authority="Lamarck, 1816: 564" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityPageNumber="564" authorityYear="1816" box="[813,1208,1678,1702]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="231" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="milleporella">
<emphasis id="72A765570C5A520EFCD6B0F6FC57F91E" box="[813,999,1678,1702]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">Asterias milleporella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C5A520EFC15B0F7FB08F91E" author="Lamarck" box="[1006,1208,1678,1702]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" page="564" pageId="20" pageNumber="231" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816: 564</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C5A520EFCD6B0C6FB17F96E" blockId="20.[813,1191,1726,1750]" box="[813,1191,1726,1750]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C5A520EFCD6B0C6FB17F96E" box="[813,1191,1726,1750]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="72A765570C5A520EFCD6B0C6FC48F96E" box="[813,1016,1726,1750]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C5A520EFCD6B0C6FC54F96E" ID-CoL="6JPB6" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[813,996,1726,1750]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="231" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="milleporella">Fromia milleporella</taxonomicName>
–
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C5A520EFC05B0C7FB13F96E" author="CLARK A. M." box="[1022,1187,1726,1750]" page="332" pageId="20" pageNumber="231" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C5A520EFC05B0C7FB13F96E" author="Clark" box="[1022,1187,1726,1750]" firstAuthor="Clark" page="332" pageId="20" pageNumber="231" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref13772" refString="CLARK A. M. 1993. - An index of recent Asteroidea. Part 2: Valvatida, in JANGOUX M. &amp; LAWRENCE J. M. (eds), Echinoderm Studies, vol. 4. Balkema, Rotterdam: 187 - 366." type="book chapter" year="1993">Clark 1993: 332</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C5A520EFCD6B096FADBF8BD" box="[813,1387,1773,1799]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C5A520EFCD6B096FADBF8BD" blockId="20.[813,1387,1773,1799]" box="[813,1387,1773,1799]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">
CURRENT STATUS. —
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C5A520EFBFAB097FAD7F8BD" ID-CoL="6JPB6" authority="(Lamarck, 1816)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[1025,1383,1773,1798]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="231" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="milleporella">
<emphasis id="72A765570C5A520EFBFAB097FB09F8BE" box="[1025,1209,1774,1798]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">Fromia milleporella</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C5A520EFB3DB097FAEFF8BD" author="Lamarck" box="[1222,1375,1773,1798]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="20" pageNumber="231" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C5A520EFCD6B167FBDAF83D" pageId="20" pageNumber="231" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C5A520EFCD6B167FBDAF83D" blockId="20.[811,1455,1821,1925]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">
MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
<materialsCitation id="F0BBB3180C5A520EFBE8B166FC71F8D2" location="South Seas" pageId="20" pageNumber="231" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="72A765570C5A520EFBE8B166FBC7F88F" bold="true" box="[1043,1143,1823,1847]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">
<location id="450CEF9E0C5A520EFBE8B166FBC7F88F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C87A08530C5A520EFC5CB04BFBBCF851:450CEF9E0C5A520EFBE8B166FBC7F88F" box="[1043,1143,1823,1847]" name="South Seas" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">South Seas</location>
</emphasis>
• MNHN-IE-2014-57, MNHN- IE-2013-4376:
<specimenCount id="56D572CC0C5A520EFC3EB141FB9CF8E8" box="[965,1068,1848,1872]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231" type="generic" typeStatus="syntypes">2 syntypes</specimenCount>
, Baudin expedition (1800-1804); Péron and Lesueur leg
</materialsCitation>
. •
<materialsCitation id="F0BBB3180C5A520EFC2CB12AFBD6F83D" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">
<collectionCode id="26C221800C5A520EFC2CB12AFB9CF8D2" box="[983,1068,1875,1898]" collectionName="MHNH" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">MHNH</collectionCode>
;
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C5A520EFBCEB12AFB30F8D2" box="[1077,1152,1875,1898]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">Lesueur</collectorName>
drawings collection; ref. 74016;
<location id="450CEF9E0C5A520EFCD0B114FCC2F83D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C87A08530C5A520EFC5CB04BFBBCF851:450CEF9E0C5A520EFCD0B114FCC2F83D" box="[811,882,1901,1925]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">Baudin</location>
expedition (1800-1804)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C5A520EFCD6B1E4FBBCF851" pageId="20" pageNumber="231" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C5A520EFCD6B1E4FBBCF851" blockId="20.[813,1456,1948,2025]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">DISTRIBUTION. — The species commonly occurs in the tropical Indo-West Pacific. It is not present in European seas contrary to Lamarck’s assumption.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<paragraph id="406CB9450C5A520EFF55B0C8FD6DF974" blockId="20.[174,733,1713,1772]" box="[174,733,1713,1740]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C5A520EFF55B0C8FD6DF974" authority="Muller &amp; Troschel, 1842" authorityName="Muller &amp; Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[174,733,1713,1740]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Astrogonium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="231" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="magnificum">
<emphasis id="72A765570C5A520EFF55B0C8FE80F973" bold="true" box="[174,304,1713,1739]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">magnificum</emphasis>
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,
<emphasis id="72A765570C5A520EFDA8B0CBFD6DF974" bold="true" box="[595,733,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">Astrogonium</emphasis>
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(
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)
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<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C5A520EFF7FB170FE69F8F5" pageId="20" pageNumber="231" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C5A520EFF7FB170FD27F898" blockId="20.[131,776,1800,2026]" box="[132,663,1800,1825]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C5A520EFF7FB170FD27F898" box="[132,663,1800,1825]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C5A520EFF7FB170FD23F898" author="MULLER J. &amp; TROSCHEL H." box="[132,659,1800,1825]" page="53" pageId="20" pageNumber="231" year="1842">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C5A520EFF7FB170FD23F898" ID-CoL="5W84B" authority="Muller &amp; Troschel, 1842: 53" authorityName="Muller &amp; Troschel" authorityPageNumber="53" authorityYear="1842" box="[132,659,1800,1825]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Astrogonium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="231" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="magnificum">
<emphasis id="72A765570C5A520EFF7FB170FEC0F899" box="[132,368,1801,1825]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">Astrogonium magnificum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C5A520EFE8CB170FD23F898" author="Muller &amp; Troschel" box="[375,659,1800,1825]" firstAuthor="Muller" page="53" pageId="20" pageNumber="231" refId="ref14644" refString="MULLER J. &amp; TROSCHEL H. 1842. - System der Asteriden. Braunschweig, 134 p. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 12100281" type="book" year="1842">Müller &amp; Troschel, 1842: 53</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C5A520EFF7FB14CFE69F8F5" box="[132,473,1844,1869]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="72A765570C5A520EFF7FB14CFE9AF8F4" box="[132,298,1845,1869]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C5A520EFF7FB14CFEA7F8F5" ID-CoL="57KCW" baseAuthorityName="Muller &amp; Troschel" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[132,279,1845,1869]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Tosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="231" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="magnifica">Tosia magnifica</taxonomicName>
–
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<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C5A520EFECBB14DFE65F8F5" author="CLARK A. M." box="[304,469,1844,1869]" page="289" pageId="20" pageNumber="231" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C5A520EFECBB14DFE65F8F5" author="Clark" box="[304,469,1844,1869]" firstAuthor="Clark" page="289" pageId="20" pageNumber="231" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref13772" refString="CLARK A. M. 1993. - An index of recent Asteroidea. Part 2: Valvatida, in JANGOUX M. &amp; LAWRENCE J. M. (eds), Echinoderm Studies, vol. 4. Balkema, Rotterdam: 187 - 366." type="book chapter" year="1993">Clark 1993: 289</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="406CB9450C5A520EFF7FB11BFD4CF8C0" blockId="20.[131,776,1800,2026]" box="[132,764,1888,1914]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">
CURRENT STATUS. —
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C5A520EFEA2B118FD48F8C0" ID-CoL="57KCW" authority="(Muller &amp; Troschel, 1842)" baseAuthorityName="Muller &amp; Troschel" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[345,760,1888,1912]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Tosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="231" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="magnifica">
<emphasis id="72A765570C5A520EFEA2B118FE5BF8C0" box="[345,491,1888,1912]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">Tosia magnifica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C5A520EFE03B119FD40F8C0" author="Muller &amp; Troschel" box="[504,752,1888,1912]" firstAuthor="Muller" pageId="20" pageNumber="231" refId="ref14644" refString="MULLER J. &amp; TROSCHEL H. 1842. - System der Asteriden. Braunschweig, 134 p. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 12100281" type="book" year="1842">Müller &amp; Troschel, 1842</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C5A520EFF7FB1F4FDDFF807" pageId="20" pageNumber="231" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C5A520EFF7FB1F4FDDFF807" blockId="20.[131,776,1800,2026]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">
MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
<materialsCitation id="F0BBB3180C5A520EFE8EB1F4FDDBF807" collectionCode="MHNH" country="Mauritius" pageId="20" pageNumber="231" stateProvince="Mhnh">
<collectionCode id="26C221800C5A520EFE8EB1F4FE7AF81C" box="[373,458,1933,1956]" collectionName="MHNH" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">
<collectingRegion id="821777A70C5A520EFE8EB1F4FE7AF81C" box="[373,458,1933,1956]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">MHNH</collectingRegion>
</collectionCode>
;
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C5A520EFE28B1F4FDAFF81C" box="[467,543,1933,1956]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">Lesueur</collectorName>
drawings collection; ref. 74056;
<location id="450CEF9E0C5A520EFF34B1DEFEA6F807" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C87A08530C5A520EFF55B0C8FA00FA55:450CEF9E0C5A520EFF34B1DEFEA6F807" box="[207,278,1959,1983]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">Baudin</location>
expedition,
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C5A520EFE6BB1DEFE78F807" box="[400,456,1959,1983]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">Péron</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C5A520EFE02B1DEFDF6F806" box="[505,582,1959,1982]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">Lesueur</collectorName>
leg
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C5A520EFF7FB1AAFD32F852" box="[132,642,2002,2026]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C5A520EFF7FB1AAFD32F852" blockId="20.[131,776,1800,2026]" box="[132,642,2002,2026]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">DISTRIBUTION. — South of Australia and Tasmania.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C5A520EFCD6B3CAFA00FA55" pageId="20" pageNumber="231" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C5A520EFCD6B3CAFC37FA73" blockId="20.[813,1456,1462,1517]" box="[813,903,1459,1485]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">REMARK</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C5A520EFCD6B3AAFA00FA55" blockId="20.[813,1456,1462,1517]" box="[813,1456,1491,1517]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">Péron and Lesueur’s material could not be found in the MNHN.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

168
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@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
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<mods:title id="697B1FFEFC1DF4144A6133BC59A4DB30">The asteroid species of Lamarck (Echinodermata: Asteroidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F744C45F3B8E82106AE063A90C2673A9">2021</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C5C5208FC4DB108FA96F833" box="[950,1318,1905,1931]" pageId="18" pageNumber="229" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C5C5208FC4DB108FA96F833" blockId="18.[950,1318,1905,1964]" box="[950,1318,1905,1931]" pageId="18" pageNumber="229">
<heading id="1B240E290C5C5208FC4DB108FA96F833" box="[950,1318,1905,1931]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="229" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C5C5208FC4DB108FA96F833" ID-CoL="7NPX9" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[950,1318,1905,1931]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="229" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="granifera">
<emphasis id="72A765570C5C5208FC4DB108FBAAF833" bold="true" box="[950,1050,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="229">granifera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C5C5208FBDBB108FB77F833" author="Lamarck" box="[1056,1223,1905,1931]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="18" pageNumber="229" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="72A765570C5C5208FB29B108FA96F833" bold="true" box="[1234,1318,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="229">Asterias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C5C5208FBC4B1E8FB2DF814" box="[1087,1181,1937,1964]" pageId="18" pageNumber="229" type="description">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C5C5208FBC4B1E8FB2DF814" blockId="18.[950,1318,1905,1964]" box="[1087,1181,1937,1964]" pageId="18" pageNumber="229">
(
<figureCitation id="D8E8A5C00C5C5208FBBCB1E8FB24F814" box="[1095,1172,1937,1964]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[131,142,1510,1528]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1443]" captionTargetId="figure-285@18.[132,1455,216,1468]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 16. — Asterias granifera Lamarck, 1816: A, B, abactinal (A) and actinal (B) surfaces; C, arm showing tube feet and adambulacral spines; D, holotype of the species (A-C, MHNH, Lesueur collection 74046 and 74047, details, courtesy of MHNH; D, MNHN-IE-2014-235)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768179" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4768179/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="229">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C5C5209FCD6B1ABFD1BF9BD" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="230" pageId="18" pageNumber="229" type="reference_group">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C5C5209FCD6B1ABFD1BF9BD" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="230" pageId="18" pageNumber="229">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C5C5208FCD6B1ABFB12F852" blockId="18.[813,1186,2002,2026]" box="[813,1186,2002,2026]" pageId="18" pageNumber="229">
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C5C5208FCD6B1ABFB2EF852" author="LAMARCK J. B. &amp; DE" box="[813,1182,2002,2026]" page="560" pageId="18" pageNumber="229" year="1816">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C5C5208FCD6B1ABFB2EF852" authority="Lamarck, 1816: 560" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityPageNumber="560" authorityYear="1816" box="[813,1182,2002,2026]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="229" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="granifera">
<emphasis id="72A765570C5C5208FCD6B1ABFC7DF852" box="[813,973,2002,2026]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="229">Asterias granifera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C5C5208FC2FB1ABFB2EF852" author="Lamarck" box="[980,1182,2002,2026]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" page="560" pageId="18" pageNumber="229" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816: 560</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="14ACE9CD0C5D5209FF12B564FAFCFC97" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768181" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4768181" box="[233,1356,796,815]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4768181/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="230" startId="19.[233,244,797,815]" targetBox="[257,1329,217,750]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C5D5209FF12B564FAFCFC97" blockId="19.[233,1356,796,815]" box="[233,1356,796,815]" pageId="19" pageNumber="230">
FIG. 17. —
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C5D5209FEBFB564FDDAFC97" ID-CoL="3K64X" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[324,618,797,815]" class="Asteroidea" family="Heliasteridae" genus="Heliaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="230" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="helianthus">
<emphasis id="72A765570C5D5209FEBFB564FE55FC97" box="[324,485,797,815]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="230">Heliaster helianthus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C5D5209FE10B564FDDAFC97" author="Lamarck" box="[491,618,797,815]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="19" pageNumber="230" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C5D5209FD8AB565FCB7FC97" author="Bruguiere's" box="[625,775,796,815]" firstAuthor="Bruguiere's" pageId="19" pageNumber="230" pagination="1827" refId="ref13659" refString="BRUGUIERE J. G. 1791. - Helminthology [y compris les zoophytes echinodermes]. Tableau encyclopedique et methodique des trois Regnes de la Nature […], 1. Pancoucke, Paris, 189 pl. [The asteroid figured by Bruguiere were identified by Bory de Saint Vincent in 1827 in an appendix of Bruguiere's Tableau.]" type="journal article" year="1791">Bruguière’s (1791)</bibRefCitation>
drawings of the abactinal (
<emphasis id="72A765570C5D5209FC13B564FC45FC97" bold="true" box="[1000,1013,797,815]" pageId="19" pageNumber="230">A</emphasis>
) and actinal (
<emphasis id="72A765570C5D5209FB9FB564FBC1FC97" bold="true" box="[1124,1137,797,815]" pageId="19" pageNumber="230">B</emphasis>
) surfaces of the holotype.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="14ACE9CD0C5D5209FF74B3D9FA16FA0A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768183" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4768183" box="[143,1446,1440,1458]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4768183/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="230" startId="19.[143,153,1440,1458]" targetBox="[131,1454,873,1396]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C5D5209FF74B3D9FA16FA0A" blockId="19.[143,1446,1440,1458]" box="[143,1446,1440,1458]" pageId="19" pageNumber="230">
FIG. 18. —
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C5D5209FF1CB3D9FDF8FA0A" authority="Muller &amp; Troschel, 1840" authorityName="Muller &amp; Troschel" authorityYear="1840" box="[231,584,1440,1458]" class="Asteroidea" family="Archasteridae" genus="Archaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="230" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hesperus">
<emphasis id="72A765570C5D5209FF1CB3D9FE33FA0A" box="[231,387,1440,1458]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="230">Archaster hesperus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C5D5209FE73B3D9FDF8FA0A" author="Muller &amp; Troschel" box="[392,584,1440,1458]" firstAuthor="Muller" pageId="19" pageNumber="230" pagination="318 - 326" refId="ref14619" refString="MULLER J. &amp; TROSCHEL H. 1840. - Ueber die Gattungen der Asterien. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 6: 318 - 326." type="journal article" year="1840">Müller &amp; Troschel, 1840</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="72A765570C5D5209FDB4B3D9FDEBFA0A" bold="true" box="[591,603,1440,1458]" pageId="19" pageNumber="230">A</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="72A765570C5D5209FD9EB3D9FDC2FA0A" bold="true" box="[613,626,1440,1458]" pageId="19" pageNumber="230">B</emphasis>
, abactinal (
<emphasis id="72A765570C5D5209FD34B3D9FD6BFA0A" bold="true" box="[719,731,1440,1458]" pageId="19" pageNumber="230">A</emphasis>
) and actinal (
<emphasis id="72A765570C5D5209FCB3B3D9FCE5FA0A" bold="true" box="[840,853,1440,1458]" pageId="19" pageNumber="230">B</emphasis>
) surfaces (MHNH, Lesueur collection 74010, details, courtesy of MHNH).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C5D5209FF7FB394FD1BF9BD" blockId="19.[132,683,1517,1541]" box="[132,683,1517,1541]" pageId="19" pageNumber="230">
<emphasis id="72A765570C5D5209FF7FB394FEE6F9BD" box="[132,342,1517,1541]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="230">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C5D5209FF7FB394FEF2F9BD" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[132,322,1517,1541]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Uniophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="230" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="granifera">Uniophora granifera</taxonomicName>
–
</emphasis>
Clark
<emphasis id="72A765570C5D5209FE62B397FE1DF9BD" box="[409,429,1518,1541]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="230">in</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C5D5209FE48B394FD17F9BD" author="CLARK A. M. &amp; MAH CH" box="[435,679,1517,1541]" page="305" pageId="19" pageNumber="230" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C5D5209FE48B394FD17F9BD" author="Clark &amp; Mah" box="[435,679,1517,1541]" firstAuthor="Clark" page="305" pageId="19" pageNumber="230" pagination="229 - 347" refId="ref13935" refString="CLARK A. M. &amp; MAH CH. 2001. - An index of recent Asteroidea. Part 4: Forcipulata and Brisingida, in JANGOUX M. &amp; LAWRENCE J. M. (eds), Echinoderm Studies, vol. 6. Balkema, Rotterdam: 229 - 347." type="book chapter" year="2001">Clark &amp; Mah 2001: 305</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C5D5209FF7FB067FD79F98D" box="[132,713,1565,1590]" pageId="19" pageNumber="230" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C5D5209FF7FB067FD79F98D" blockId="19.[132,713,1565,1590]" box="[132,713,1565,1590]" pageId="19" pageNumber="230">
CURRENT STATUS. —
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C5D5209FEA2B064FD75F98D" authority="(Lamarck, 1816)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[345,709,1565,1589]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Uniophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="230" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="granifera">
<emphasis id="72A765570C5D5209FEA2B064FDA7F98D" box="[345,535,1565,1589]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="230">Uniophora granifera</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C5D5209FDDFB064FD0DF98D" author="Lamarck" box="[548,701,1565,1589]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="19" pageNumber="230" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C5D5209FF7FB034FEF2F90C" pageId="19" pageNumber="230" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C5D5209FF7FB034FEF2F90C" blockId="19.[132,776,1612,1716]" pageId="19" pageNumber="230">
MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
<materialsCitation id="F0BBB3180C5D5209FE74B035FCB8F9C7" collectorName="Peron &amp; Lesueur" location="South Seas" pageId="19" pageNumber="230" specimenCode="MNHN-IE-2014-235" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<location id="450CEF9E0C5D5209FE74B035FE4EF9DC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C87A08530C5C5209FC4DB108FD25F95B:450CEF9E0C5D5209FE74B035FE4EF9DC" box="[399,510,1612,1636]" name="South Seas" pageId="19" pageNumber="230">South Seas</location>
•
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and
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leg.
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•
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drawings collection; ref. 74046 and 74047;
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expedition.
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DISTRIBUTION. — South coast of
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,
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(
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)
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<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C5D5209FF7FB1EEFDB3F816" author="LAMARCK J. B. &amp; DE" box="[132,515,1942,1966]" page="558" pageId="19" pageNumber="230" year="1816">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C5D5209FF7FB1EEFDB3F816" authority="Lamarck, 1816: 558" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityPageNumber="558" authorityYear="1816" box="[132,515,1942,1966]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="230" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="helianthus">
<emphasis id="72A765570C5D5209FF7FB1EEFE82F816" box="[132,306,1942,1966]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="230">Asterias helianthus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C5D5209FEC2B1EFFDB3F816" author="Lamarck" box="[313,515,1942,1966]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" page="558" pageId="19" pageNumber="230" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816: 558</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C5D5209FF7FB1ABFE8EF852" ID-CoL="3K64X" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[132,318,2002,2026]" class="Asteroidea" family="Heliasteridae" genus="Heliaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="230" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="helianthus">Heliaster helianthus</taxonomicName>
–
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Clark
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<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C5D5209FE54B1ABFD13F852" author="Clark &amp; Mah" box="[431,675,2002,2026]" firstAuthor="Clark" page="307" pageId="19" pageNumber="230" pagination="229 - 347" refId="ref13935" refString="CLARK A. M. &amp; MAH CH. 2001. - An index of recent Asteroidea. Part 4: Forcipulata and Brisingida, in JANGOUX M. &amp; LAWRENCE J. M. (eds), Echinoderm Studies, vol. 6. Balkema, Rotterdam: 229 - 347." type="book chapter" year="2001">Clark &amp; Mah 2001: 307</bibRefCitation>
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CURRENT STATUS. —
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<emphasis id="72A765570C5D5209FBFAB394FB0BF9BD" box="[1025,1211,1517,1541]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="230">Heliaster helianthus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C5D5209FB33B394FAD1F9BD" author="Lamarck" box="[1224,1377,1517,1541]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="19" pageNumber="230" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
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Lamarck only refered to
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C5D5209FBDCB02BFB6EF9D4" author="Bruguiere's" box="[1063,1246,1618,1644]" firstAuthor="Bruguiere's" pageId="19" pageNumber="230" pagination="1827" refId="ref13659" refString="BRUGUIERE J. G. 1791. - Helminthology [y compris les zoophytes echinodermes]. Tableau encyclopedique et methodique des trois Regnes de la Nature […], 1. Pancoucke, Paris, 189 pl. [The asteroid figured by Bruguiere were identified by Bory de Saint Vincent in 1827 in an appendix of Bruguiere's Tableau.]" type="journal article" year="1791">Bruguière’s (1791</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 108-109) drawings when describing the species. He gave no localities though one could expect the drawn individual came from Chilean coast. Bruguière’s material could not be found in the MNHN.
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<paragraph id="406CB9450C5D5209FC85B168FAEEF894" blockId="19.[894,1374,1809,1868]" box="[894,1374,1809,1836]" pageId="19" pageNumber="230">
<heading id="1B240E290C5D5209FC85B168FAEEF894" box="[894,1374,1809,1836]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="230" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C5D5209FC85B168FAEEF894" ID-CoL="7NPK8" authority="Muller &amp; Troschel, 1840" authorityName="Muller &amp; Troschel" authorityYear="1840" box="[894,1374,1809,1836]" class="Asteroidea" family="Archasteridae" genus="Archaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="230" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hesperus">
<emphasis id="72A765570C5D5209FC85B168FC67F894" bold="true" box="[894,983,1809,1836]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="230">hesperus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C5D5209FC26B16BFB5DF894" author="Muller &amp; Troschel" box="[989,1261,1810,1836]" firstAuthor="Muller" pageId="19" pageNumber="230" pagination="318 - 326" refId="ref14619" refString="MULLER J. &amp; TROSCHEL H. 1840. - Ueber die Gattungen der Asterien. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 6: 318 - 326." type="journal article" year="1840">Müller &amp; Troschel, 1840</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="72A765570C5D5209FB03B168FAEEF894" bold="true" box="[1272,1374,1809,1836]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="230">Archaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C5D5209FBC4B148FB2DF8F4" box="[1087,1181,1841,1868]" pageId="19" pageNumber="230" type="description">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C5D5209FBC4B148FB2DF8F4" blockId="19.[894,1374,1809,1868]" box="[1087,1181,1841,1868]" pageId="19" pageNumber="230">
(
<figureCitation id="D8E8A5C00C5D5209FBBCB148FB24F8F4" box="[1095,1172,1841,1868]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[143,153,1440,1458]" captionTargetBox="[131,1454,873,1396]" captionTargetId="figure-267@19.[131,1454,872,1396]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 18. — Archaster hesperus Müller &amp; Troschel, 1840: A, B, abactinal (A) and actinal (B) surfaces (MHNH, Lesueur collection 74010, details, courtesy of MHNH)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768183" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4768183/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="230">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C5D5209FCD6B117FB04F800" pageId="19" pageNumber="230" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C5D5209FCD6B117FAB8F83E" blockId="19.[813,1288,1902,1926]" box="[813,1288,1902,1926]" pageId="19" pageNumber="230">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C5D5209FCD6B117FAB8F83E" box="[813,1288,1902,1926]" pageId="19" pageNumber="230">
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C5D5209FCD6B117FAB4F83E" author="MULLER J. &amp; TROSCHEL H." box="[813,1284,1902,1926]" page="104" pageId="19" pageNumber="230" year="1840">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C5D5209FCD6B117FAB4F83E" authority="Muller &amp; Troschel, 1840: 104" authorityName="Muller &amp; Troschel" authorityPageNumber="104" authorityYear="1840" box="[813,1284,1902,1926]" class="Asteroidea" family="Archasteridae" genus="Archaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="230" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hesperus">
<emphasis id="72A765570C5D5209FCD6B117FC65F83E" box="[813,981,1902,1926]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="230">Archaster hesperus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C5D5209FC20B117FAB4F83E" author="Muller &amp; Troschel" box="[987,1284,1902,1926]" firstAuthor="Muller" page="104" pageId="19" pageNumber="230" pagination="318 - 326" refId="ref14619" refString="MULLER J. &amp; TROSCHEL H. 1840. - Ueber die Gattungen der Asterien. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 6: 318 - 326." type="journal article" year="1840">Müller &amp; Troschel, 1840: 104</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C5D5209FCD6B1D9FB04F800" blockId="19.[813,1204,1952,1976]" box="[813,1204,1952,1976]" pageId="19" pageNumber="230">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C5D5209FCD6B1D9FB04F800" box="[813,1204,1952,1976]" pageId="19" pageNumber="230">
<emphasis id="72A765570C5D5209FCD6B1D9FBB4F800" box="[813,1028,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="230">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C5D5209FCD6B1D9FC41F800" ID-CoL="Z6BV" baseAuthorityName="Muller &amp; Troschel" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[813,1009,1952,1976]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Craspidaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="19" pageNumber="230" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hesperus">Craspidaster hesperus</taxonomicName>
–
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C5D5209FBF1B1D9FB00F800" author="CLARK A. M." box="[1034,1200,1952,1976]" page="274" pageId="19" pageNumber="230" year="1989">
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C5D5209FBF1B1D9FB00F800" author="Clark" box="[1034,1200,1952,1976]" firstAuthor="Clark" page="274" pageId="19" pageNumber="230" pagination="225 - 347" refId="ref13722" refString="CLARK A. M. 1989. - An index of recent Asteroidea. Part 1: Paxillosida and Notomyotida, in JANGOUX M. &amp; LAWRENCE J. M. (eds), Echinoderm Studies, vol. 3. Balkema, Rotterdam: 225 - 347." type="book chapter" year="1989">Clark 1989: 274</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C5D5209FCD6B1AAFA00F852" box="[813,1456,2002,2027]" pageId="19" pageNumber="230" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C5D5209FCD6B1AAFA00F852" blockId="19.[813,1456,2002,2027]" box="[813,1456,2002,2027]" pageId="19" pageNumber="230">
CURRENT STATUS. —
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C5D5209FC0EB1ABFA1CF852" ID-CoL="Z6BV" authority="(Muller &amp; Troschel, 1840)" baseAuthorityName="Muller &amp; Troschel" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[1013,1452,2002,2026]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Craspidaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="19" pageNumber="230" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hesperus">
<emphasis id="72A765570C5D5209FC0EB1ABFB00F852" box="[1013,1200,2002,2026]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="230">Craspidaster hesperus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C5D5209FB40B1ABFA15F852" author="Muller &amp; Troschel" box="[1211,1445,2002,2026]" firstAuthor="Muller" pageId="19" pageNumber="230" pagination="318 - 326" refId="ref14619" refString="MULLER J. &amp; TROSCHEL H. 1840. - Ueber die Gattungen der Asterien. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 6: 318 - 326." type="journal article" year="1840">Müller &amp; Troschel, 1840</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="14ACE9CD0C5A520EFF7FB363FC55FAFB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768185" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4768185" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4768185/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="231" startId="20.[132,143,1306,1324]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1259]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C5A520EFF7FB363FC55FAFB" blockId="20.[132,1457,1306,1347]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">
FIG. 19. —
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C5A520EFF25B363FDC8FA94" authority="Muller &amp; Troschel, 1842" authorityName="Muller &amp; Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[222,632,1306,1324]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Astrogonium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="231" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="magnificum">
<emphasis id="72A765570C5A520EFF25B363FE1EFA94" box="[222,430,1306,1324]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">Astrogonium magnificum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C5A520EFE48B363FDC8FA94" author="Muller &amp; Troschel" box="[435,632,1306,1324]" firstAuthor="Muller" pageId="20" pageNumber="231" refId="ref14644" refString="MULLER J. &amp; TROSCHEL H. 1842. - System der Asteriden. Braunschweig, 134 p. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 12100281" type="book" year="1842">Müller &amp; Troschel, 1842</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="72A765570C5A520EFD84B363FD3CFA94" bold="true" box="[639,652,1306,1324]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">A</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="72A765570C5A520EFD6DB363FD13FA94" bold="true" box="[662,675,1306,1324]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">B</emphasis>
, abactinal (
<emphasis id="72A765570C5A520EFCF9B363FCBFFA94" bold="true" box="[770,783,1306,1324]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">A</emphasis>
) and actinal (
<emphasis id="72A765570C5A520EFC86B363FC3AFA94" bold="true" box="[893,906,1306,1324]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">B</emphasis>
) surfaces;
<emphasis id="72A765570C5A520EFC1EB363FC43FA94" bold="true" box="[997,1011,1306,1324]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">C</emphasis>
, profile view;
<emphasis id="72A765570C5A520EFB9EB363FBC3FA94" bold="true" box="[1125,1139,1306,1324]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">D</emphasis>
, superomarginal and abactinal plates;
<emphasis id="72A765570C5A520EFF7FB348FF20FAFB" bold="true" box="[132,144,1329,1347]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">E</emphasis>
, madreporite and disc abactinal plates (MHNH, Lesueur collection 74056, details, courtesy of MHNH).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C5A520EFF7FB3C0FE3BF998" pageId="20" pageNumber="231" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C5A520EFF7FB3C0FE3BF998" blockId="20.[131,776,1464,1568]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">
MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
<materialsCitation id="F0BBB3180C5A520EFE7BB3C3FE37F998" collectionCode="MHNH" collectorName="Peron &amp; Lesueur" country="Timor" location="Timor" pageId="20" pageNumber="231" specimenCode="MNHN-IE-2017-560" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Mhnh">
<emphasis id="72A765570C5A520EFE7BB3C3FE71FA6A" bold="true" box="[384,449,1466,1490]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">
<collectingCountry id="38C4F9D50C5A520EFE7BB3C3FE71FA6A" box="[384,449,1466,1490]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">Timor</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCode id="1075113E0C5A520EFE21B3C1FD06FA68" box="[474,694,1464,1488]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">MNHN-IE-2017-560</specimenCode>
;
<specimenCount id="56D572CC0C5A520EFD38B3C1FD60FA68" box="[707,720,1464,1488]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">2</specimenCount>
individuals; Baudin expedition (1800-1804); supposedly from Timor;
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C5A520EFF7FB394FF0CF9BD" box="[132,188,1517,1541]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">Péron</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C5A520EFF10B397FE88F9BD" box="[235,312,1518,1541]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">Lesueur</collectorName>
leg. • MHNH: Lesueur drawings collection, ref. 74010; Baudin expedition
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C5A520EFF7FB041FE9EF9D2" pageId="20" pageNumber="231" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C5A520EFF7FB041FE9EF9D2" blockId="20.[131,775,1591,1642]" pageId="20" pageNumber="231">DISTRIBUTION. — Indonasia, Bay of Bengal, Singapore, Philippines, South China Sea.</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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<paragraph id="406CB9450C5F520BFEE7B08BFDDFF8B4" blockId="17.[284,623,1778,1836]" box="[284,623,1778,1804]" pageId="17" pageNumber="228">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C5F520BFEE7B08BFDDFF8B4" ID-CoL="7NPX9" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[284,623,1778,1804]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="228" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="exigua">
<emphasis id="72A765570C5F520BFEE7B08BFED2F8B4" bold="true" box="[284,354,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="228">exigua</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C5F520BFE92B08BFDA0F8B4" author="Lamarck" box="[361,528,1778,1804]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="17" pageNumber="228" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="72A765570C5F520BFDE0B08BFDDFF8B4" bold="true" box="[539,623,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="228">Asterias</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C5F520BFE6CB16BFE45F894" box="[407,501,1809,1836]" pageId="17" pageNumber="228" type="description">
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(
<figureCitation id="D8E8A5C00C5F520BFE65B16BFE5BF894" box="[414,491,1809,1836]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1626,1644]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1581]" captionTargetId="figure-222@17.[132,1455,216,1582]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 15. — Asterias exigua Lamarck,1816: A, drawings of Bruguière (1791); B, type specimens of Asterias exigua. C, type specimens of Asterias calcar var.quinqueangula, D-F, Lesueur’s drawings of Asterias exigua: abactinal (D) and actinal (E) surfaces,and profile view (F) (B, MNHN-IE-2014-526; C, MNHN-IE-2014-30; D-F, MHNH, Lesueur collection 74004, details, courtesy of MHNH)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4768173/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="228">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C5F520BFF7FB130FD25F803" pageId="17" pageNumber="228" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C5F520BFF7FB130FE52F8D8" blockId="17.[132,482,1864,1888]" box="[132,482,1864,1888]" pageId="17" pageNumber="228">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C5F520BFF7FB130FE52F8D8" box="[132,482,1864,1888]" pageId="17" pageNumber="228">
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C5F520BFF7FB130FE6EF8D8" author="LAMARCK J. B. &amp; DE" box="[132,478,1864,1888]" page="554" pageId="17" pageNumber="228" year="1816">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C5F520BFF7FB130FE6EF8D8" authority="Lamarck, 1816: 554" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityPageNumber="554" authorityYear="1816" box="[132,478,1864,1888]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="228" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="exigua">
<emphasis id="72A765570C5F520BFF7FB130FEBEF8D8" box="[132,270,1865,1888]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="228">Asterias exigua</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C5F520BFEEFB131FE6EF8D8" author="Lamarck" box="[276,478,1864,1888]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" page="554" pageId="17" pageNumber="228" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816: 554</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C5F520BFF7FB10FFD29F836" blockId="17.[132,665,1910,1934]" box="[132,665,1910,1934]" pageId="17" pageNumber="228">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C5F520BFF7FB10FFD29F836" box="[132,665,1910,1934]" pageId="17" pageNumber="228">
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C5F520BFF7FB10FFD25F836" author="LAMARCK J. B. &amp; DE" box="[132,661,1910,1934]" page="557" pageId="17" pageNumber="228" year="1816">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C5F520BFF7FB10FFD25F836" authority="Lamarck, 1816: 557" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityPageNumber="557" authorityYear="1816" box="[132,661,1910,1934]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="228" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="variety" species="calcar" variety="quinqueangula">
<emphasis id="72A765570C5F520BFF7FB10FFEB8F836" box="[132,264,1910,1934]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="228">Asterias calcar</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="72A765570C5F520BFECCB10FFE74F836" box="[311,452,1910,1934]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="228">quinqueangula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C5F520BFE30B10FFD25F836" author="Lamarck" box="[459,661,1910,1934]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" page="557" pageId="17" pageNumber="228" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816: 557</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C5F520BFF7FB1DAFD25F803" blockId="17.[132,661,1955,1979]" box="[132,661,1955,1979]" pageId="17" pageNumber="228">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C5F520BFF7FB1DAFD25F803" box="[132,661,1955,1979]" pageId="17" pageNumber="228">
<emphasis id="72A765570C5F520BFF7FB1DAFEF5F803" box="[132,325,1955,1979]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="228">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C5F520BFF7FB1DAFE81F803" ID-CoL="6TSHX" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[132,305,1955,1979]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Parvulastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="228" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="exigua">Parvulastra exigua</taxonomicName>
–
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C5F520BFEB0B1DAFD21F803" author="O'LOUGHLIN P. M. &amp; WATERS J. M." box="[331,657,1955,1979]" page="225" pageId="17" pageNumber="228" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C5F520BFEB0B1DAFD21F803" author="O'Loughlin &amp; Waters" box="[331,657,1955,1979]" firstAuthor="O'Loughlin" page="225" pageId="17" pageNumber="228" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref14701" refString="O'LOUGHLIN P. M. &amp; WATERS J. M. 2004. - A molecular and morphological revision of genera of Asterinidae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 61: 1 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2004.61.1" type="journal article" year="2004">O’Loughlin &amp; Waters 2004: 225</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C5F520BFF7FB1ABFD08F850" box="[132,696,2000,2026]" pageId="17" pageNumber="228" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C5F520BFF7FB1ABFD08F850" blockId="17.[132,696,2000,2026]" box="[132,696,2000,2026]" pageId="17" pageNumber="228">
CURRENT STATUS. —
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C5F520BFEA2B1A9FD04F850" ID-CoL="6TSHX" authority="(Lamarck, 1816)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[345,692,2000,2024]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Parvulastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="228" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="exigua">
<emphasis id="72A765570C5F520BFEA2B1A9FDB6F850" box="[345,518,2000,2024]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="228">Parvulastra exigua</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C5F520BFDE8B1A9FD1CF850" author="Lamarck" box="[531,684,2000,2024]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="17" pageNumber="228" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C5F520BFCD6B088FB19F81F" pageId="17" pageNumber="228" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C5F520BFCD6B088FB26F885" blockId="17.[813,1455,1776,2027]" pageId="17" pageNumber="228">
MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
<materialsCitation id="F0BBB3180C5F520BFBD5B088FB26F885" collectorName=" Peron &amp; Lesueur" location="Cape" pageId="17" pageNumber="228" specimenCount="6" stateProvince="Western Cape" typeStatus="syntype">
<emphasis id="72A765570C5F520BFBD5B088FB00F8B1" bold="true" box="[1070,1200,1777,1801]" pageId="17" pageNumber="228">
<collectingCountry id="38C4F9D50C5F520BFBD5B088FB00F8B1" box="[1070,1200,1777,1801]" name="South Africa" pageId="17" pageNumber="228">South AFrica</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
• MNHN-IE-2014-526;
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C5F520BFCD6B172FC04F89A" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[813,948,1803,1826]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="228" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="exigua">
<emphasis id="72A765570C5F520BFCD6B172FC04F89A" box="[813,948,1803,1826]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="228">Asterias exigua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<specimenCount id="56D572CC0C5F520BFC44B173FB96F89B" box="[959,1062,1802,1827]" pageId="17" pageNumber="228" type="generic" typeStatus="syntypes">6 syntypes</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="821777A70C5F520BFBD5B172FBD1F89B" box="[1070,1121,1803,1827]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="17" pageNumber="228">Cape</collectingRegion>
of
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C5F520BFB85B173FB09F89A" box="[1150,1209,1802,1826]" pageId="17" pageNumber="228">Good</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C5F520BFB3AB172FAF4F89A" box="[1217,1348,1802,1826]" pageId="17" pageNumber="228">Hope Baudin</collectorName>
expedition (1800-1804);
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C5F520BFC4CB15CFC5FF885" box="[951,1007,1829,1853]" pageId="17" pageNumber="228">Péron</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C5F520BFBDBB15CFBDDF884" box="[1056,1133,1829,1852]" pageId="17" pageNumber="228">Lesueur</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C5F520BFCD6B138FB19F81F" blockId="17.[813,1455,1776,2027]" pageId="17" pageNumber="228">
<materialsCitation id="F0BBB3180C5F520BFCD6B138FBD5F834" collectorName=" Peron &amp; Lesueur" country="Australia" location="Australia" pageId="17" pageNumber="228" specimenCount="4" typeStatus="syntype">
<emphasis id="72A765570C5F520BFCD6B138FC35F8E1" bold="true" box="[813,901,1857,1881]" pageId="17" pageNumber="228">
<collectingCountry id="38C4F9D50C5F520BFCD6B138FC35F8E1" box="[813,901,1857,1881]" name="Australia" pageId="17" pageNumber="228">Australia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
• MNHN-IE-2014-30;
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C5F520BFB8BB139FA19F8EF" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[1136,1449,1855,1879]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="228" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="variety" species="calcar" variety="quinqueangula">
<emphasis id="72A765570C5F520BFB8BB139FB42F8EF" box="[1136,1266,1855,1879]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="228">Asterias calcar</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="72A765570C5F520BFAE6B146FA19F8EF" box="[1309,1449,1855,1879]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="228">quinqueangula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<specimenCount id="56D572CC0C5F520BFCD6B123FC25F8CA" box="[813,917,1882,1906]" pageId="17" pageNumber="228" type="generic" typeStatus="syntypes">4 syntypes</specimenCount>
;
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C5F520BFC64B123FC56F8CA" box="[927,998,1882,1906]" pageId="17" pageNumber="228">Baudin</collectorName>
expedition (1800-1804);
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C5F520BFB1EB123FA1BF8CA" box="[1253,1451,1882,1906]" pageId="17" pageNumber="228">King George Sound</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C5F520BFCD6B10DFCC3F834" box="[813,883,1908,1932]" pageId="17" pageNumber="228">Albany</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C5F520BFC85B10DFC07F834" box="[894,951,1908,1932]" pageId="17" pageNumber="228">Péron</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C5F520BFC10B10CFB88F834" box="[1003,1080,1909,1932]" pageId="17" pageNumber="228">Lesueur</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
•
<collectionCode id="26C221800C5F520BFB8FB10CFB7AF834" box="[1140,1226,1909,1932]" collectionName="MHNH" pageId="17" pageNumber="228">MHNH</collectionCode>
; Lesueur drawings collection, ref. 74004; Baudin expedition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C5F520BFCD6B1C0FBDFF853" pageId="17" pageNumber="228" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C5F520BFCD6B1C0FBDFF853" blockId="17.[813,1455,1776,2027]" pageId="17" pageNumber="228">
DISTRIBUTION. — From the southernmost part of Africa to the south of
<collectingCountry id="38C4F9D50C5F520BFC7EB1AAFC6BF853" box="[901,987,2003,2027]" name="Australia" pageId="17" pageNumber="228">Australia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingRegion id="821777A70C5F520BFBF0B1AAFBDBF853" box="[1035,1131,2003,2027]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="17" pageNumber="228">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="14ACE9CD0C5C5208FF78B39FFB96F9B6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768179" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4768179" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4768179/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="229" startId="18.[131,142,1510,1528]" targetBox="[132,1455,216,1443]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C5C5208FF78B39FFB96F9B6" blockId="18.[131,1453,1509,1550]" pageId="18" pageNumber="229">
FIG. 16. —
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C5C5208FF26B39FFE42FA40" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[221,498,1510,1528]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="229" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="granifera">
<emphasis id="72A765570C5C5208FF26B39FFEDEFA40" box="[221,366,1510,1528]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="229">Asterias granifera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C5C5208FE88B39FFE42FA40" author="Lamarck" box="[371,498,1510,1528]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="18" pageNumber="229" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="72A765570C5C5208FE02B39FFDB6FA40" bold="true" box="[505,518,1510,1528]" pageId="18" pageNumber="229">A</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="72A765570C5C5208FDEAB39FFDAEFA40" bold="true" box="[529,542,1510,1528]" pageId="18" pageNumber="229">B</emphasis>
, abactinal (
<emphasis id="72A765570C5C5208FD85B39FFD3BFA40" bold="true" box="[638,651,1510,1528]" pageId="18" pageNumber="229">A</emphasis>
) and actinal (
<emphasis id="72A765570C5C5208FD00B39FFCB8FA40" bold="true" box="[763,776,1510,1528]" pageId="18" pageNumber="229">B</emphasis>
) surfaces;
<emphasis id="72A765570C5C5208FC98B39CFCC1FA4F" bold="true" box="[867,881,1509,1527]" pageId="18" pageNumber="229">C</emphasis>
, arm showing tube feet and adambulacral spines;
<emphasis id="72A765570C5C5208FAE3B39FFA96FA40" bold="true" box="[1304,1318,1510,1528]" pageId="18" pageNumber="229">D</emphasis>
, holotype of the species (
<emphasis id="72A765570C5C5208FF36B385FF5FF9B6" bold="true" box="[205,239,1532,1550]" pageId="18" pageNumber="229">A -C</emphasis>
, MHNH, Lesueur collection 74046 and 74047, details, courtesy of MHNH;
<emphasis id="72A765570C5C5208FCA7B385FCDAF9B6" bold="true" box="[860,874,1532,1550]" pageId="18" pageNumber="229">D</emphasis>
, MNHN-IE-2014-235).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C5C5208FF7FB02AFA1DF894" pageId="18" pageNumber="229" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C5C5208FF7FB02AFF58F9D3" blockId="18.[130,778,1619,2028]" box="[132,232,1619,1645]" pageId="18" pageNumber="229">REMARKS</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C5C5208FF7FB00BFB70F914" blockId="18.[130,778,1619,2028]" lastBlockId="18.[811,1457,1618,1836]" pageId="18" pageNumber="229">
According to
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C5C5208FEDAB00BFE69F935" author="Lamarck" box="[289,473,1650,1677]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="18" pageNumber="229" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck (1816)</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C5C5208FE18B00AFD34F934" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[483,644,1651,1677]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="229" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="exigua">
<emphasis id="72A765570C5C5208FE18B00AFD34F934" box="[483,644,1651,1677]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="229">Asterias exigua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
came from American seas and was the smallest known species of asteroid. As far as size is concerned, he is almost correct. Yet
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C5C5208FD5EB0CBFCB5F974" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[677,773,1714,1740]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="229" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="exigua">
<emphasis id="72A765570C5C5208FD5EB0CBFCB5F974" box="[677,773,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="229">A. exigua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not occur in the Atlantic but in the south of Africa and
<collectingCountry id="38C4F9D50C5C5208FF7FB08BFF52F8B4" box="[132,226,1778,1804]" name="Australia" pageId="18" pageNumber="229">Australia</collectingCountry>
as well as in
<collectingRegion id="821777A70C5C5208FE9FB08BFE7EF8B4" box="[356,462,1778,1804]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="18" pageNumber="229">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
. Indeed the
<typeStatus id="9F6807E70C5C5208FDB7B08BFDCAF8B4" box="[588,634,1778,1804]" pageId="18" pageNumber="229">type</typeStatus>
specimens of
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C5C5208FF79B16BFF50F893" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[130,224,1810,1836]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="229" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="exigua">
<emphasis id="72A765570C5C5208FF79B16BFF50F893" box="[130,224,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="229">A. exigua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected in
<collectingCountry id="38C4F9D50C5C5208FE60B16BFDAFF894" box="[411,543,1810,1836]" name="South Africa" pageId="18" pageNumber="229">South Africa</collectingCountry>
by Péron and Lesueur in 1804 (
<figureCitation id="D8E8A5C00C5C5208FF1AB148FEF0F8F4" box="[225,320,1841,1868]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1626,1644]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1581]" captionTargetId="figure-222@17.[132,1455,216,1582]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 15. — Asterias exigua Lamarck,1816: A, drawings of Bruguière (1791); B, type specimens of Asterias exigua. C, type specimens of Asterias calcar var.quinqueangula, D-F, Lesueur’s drawings of Asterias exigua: abactinal (D) and actinal (E) surfaces,and profile view (F) (B, MNHN-IE-2014-526; C, MNHN-IE-2014-30; D-F, MHNH, Lesueur collection 74004, details, courtesy of MHNH)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4768173/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="229">Fig. 15B</figureCitation>
). Individuals of a most likely similar species had been obtained early in 1803 by the same collectors in SE Australia (King George Sound, Albany). The latter were identified
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C5C5208FF14B1EBFDFDF813" box="[239,589,1937,1964]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="229" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="variety" species="calcar" variety="quinqueangula">
<emphasis id="72A765570C5C5208FF14B1EBFE33F813" box="[239,387,1937,1964]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="229">Asterina calcar</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="72A765570C5C5208FE48B1E8FDFDF813" box="[435,589,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="229">quinqueangula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Lamarck, who added on a label that they should be considered juvenile individuals (“
<emphasis id="72A765570C5C5208FF13B1ABFE36F853" box="[232,390,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="229">specimen junius</emphasis>
”) (
<figureCitation id="D8E8A5C00C5C5208FE5CB1A8FE40F854" box="[423,496,2001,2028]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1626,1644]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1581]" captionTargetId="figure-222@17.[132,1455,216,1582]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 15. — Asterias exigua Lamarck,1816: A, drawings of Bruguière (1791); B, type specimens of Asterias exigua. C, type specimens of Asterias calcar var.quinqueangula, D-F, Lesueur’s drawings of Asterias exigua: abactinal (D) and actinal (E) surfaces,and profile view (F) (B, MNHN-IE-2014-526; C, MNHN-IE-2014-30; D-F, MHNH, Lesueur collection 74004, details, courtesy of MHNH)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4768173/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="229">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
C-F). Comparing the
<typeStatus id="9F6807E70C5C5208FD22B1ABFCB7F854" box="[729,775,2002,2028]" pageId="18" pageNumber="229">type</typeStatus>
specimens of the two Lamarckian species (and to the drawings of
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C5C5208FCB3B00BFBB2F935" author="Bruguiere" box="[840,1026,1650,1677]" firstAuthor="Bruguiere" pageId="18" pageNumber="229" pagination="1827" refId="ref13659" refString="BRUGUIERE J. G. 1791. - Helminthology [y compris les zoophytes echinodermes]. Tableau encyclopedique et methodique des trois Regnes de la Nature […], 1. Pancoucke, Paris, 189 pl. [The asteroid figured by Bruguiere were identified by Bory de Saint Vincent in 1827 in an appendix of Bruguiere's Tableau.]" type="journal article" year="1791">Bruguière [1791]</bibRefCitation>
to which Lamarck refered,
<figureCitation id="D8E8A5C00C5C5208FADCB00BFA12F935" box="[1319,1442,1650,1677]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1626,1644]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1581]" captionTargetId="figure-222@17.[132,1455,216,1582]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 15. — Asterias exigua Lamarck,1816: A, drawings of Bruguière (1791); B, type specimens of Asterias exigua. C, type specimens of Asterias calcar var.quinqueangula, D-F, Lesueur’s drawings of Asterias exigua: abactinal (D) and actinal (E) surfaces,and profile view (F) (B, MNHN-IE-2014-526; C, MNHN-IE-2014-30; D-F, MHNH, Lesueur collection 74004, details, courtesy of MHNH)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4768173/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="229">Figure 15A</figureCitation>
), it is highly likely they are conspecific.
</paragraph>
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Due to incorrect information (
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of
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C5C5208FB1DB0CBFACDF974" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[1254,1405,1714,1740]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="229" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="exigua">
<emphasis id="72A765570C5C5208FB1DB0CBFACDF974" box="[1254,1405,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="229">Asterias exigua</emphasis>
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presumed loss),
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C5C5208FC46B0ABFBDCF954" author="Dartnall" box="[957,1132,1746,1772]" firstAuthor="Dartnall" pageId="18" pageNumber="229" pagination="41 - 49" refId="ref14114" refString="DARTNALL A. J. 1971. - Australian sea stars of the genus Patiriella (Asteroidea, Asterinidae). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 96: 41 - 49." type="journal article" year="1971">Dartnall (1971)</bibRefCitation>
designated a
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for the species. The latter originated from False Bay (
<collectingCountry id="38C4F9D50C5C5208FAE5B08BFA1AF8B5" box="[1310,1450,1778,1805]" name="South Africa" pageId="18" pageNumber="229">South Africa</collectingCountry>
) and is in the Tasmanian Museum, Hobart (ref. TM H508).
</paragraph>
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<heading id="1B240E290C68523CFC4EB00BFA97F934" box="[949,1319,1650,1676]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="249" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C68523CFC4EB00BFA97F934" ID-CoL="7NPX9" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[949,1319,1650,1676]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="38" pageNumber="249" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vernicina">
<emphasis id="72A765570C68523CFC4EB00BFBABF934" bold="true" box="[949,1051,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">vernicina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C68523CFBDAB00BFB78F934" author="Lamarck" box="[1057,1224,1650,1676]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="38" pageNumber="249" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="72A765570C68523CFB28B00BFA97F934" bold="true" box="[1235,1319,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">Asterias</emphasis>
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(
<figureCitation id="D8E8A5C00C68523CFBBCB0EBFB25F914" box="[1095,1173,1682,1708]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="39.[132,143,1566,1584]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1508]" captionTargetId="figure-270@39.[132,1455,201,1523]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIG. 44. — Asterias vernicina Lamarck,1816: A, B, abactinal (A) and actinal (B) surfaces; C, adambulacral armament;D, syntype of Asterias vernicina (A-C,MHNH, Lesueur collection, 74049, details, courtesy of MHNH; D, MNHN-IE-2014-28)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768239" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4768239/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C68523CFCD6B0B0FB24F8B7" pageId="38" pageNumber="249" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C68523CFCD6B0B0FB16F959" blockId="38.[813,1190,1737,1761]" box="[813,1190,1737,1761]" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C68523CFCD6B0B0FB16F959" box="[813,1190,1737,1761]" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C68523CFCD6B0B0FB12F959" author="LAMARCK J. B. &amp; DE" box="[813,1186,1737,1761]" page="554" pageId="38" pageNumber="249" year="1816">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C68523CFCD6B0B0FB12F959" authority="Lamarck, 1816: 554" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityPageNumber="554" authorityYear="1816" box="[813,1186,1737,1761]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="38" pageNumber="249" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vernicina">
<emphasis id="72A765570C68523CFCD6B0B0FC62F959" box="[813,978,1737,1761]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">Asterias vernicina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C68523CFC23B0B0FB12F959" author="Lamarck" box="[984,1186,1737,1761]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" page="554" pageId="38" pageNumber="249" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816: 554</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C68523CFCD6B08EFC62F8B6" ID-CoL="4FDP5" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[813,978,1783,1806]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteropseidae" genus="Petricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="38" pageNumber="249" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vernicina">Petricia vernicina</taxonomicName>
–
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C68523CFC10B08EFB20F8B7" author="CLARK A. M." box="[1003,1168,1783,1807]" page="321" pageId="38" pageNumber="249" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C68523CFC10B08EFB20F8B7" author="Clark" box="[1003,1168,1783,1807]" firstAuthor="Clark" page="321" pageId="38" pageNumber="249" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref13772" refString="CLARK A. M. 1993. - An index of recent Asteroidea. Part 2: Valvatida, in JANGOUX M. &amp; LAWRENCE J. M. (eds), Echinoderm Studies, vol. 4. Balkema, Rotterdam: 187 - 366." type="book chapter" year="1993">Clark 1993: 321</bibRefCitation>
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.
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CURRENT STATUS. —
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<emphasis id="72A765570C68523CFBFAB15CFB17F884" box="[1025,1191,1829,1852]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">Petricia vernicina</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C68523CFB48B15DFAFDF884" author="Lamarck" box="[1203,1357,1828,1852]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="38" pageNumber="249" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
)
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.
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<paragraph id="406CB9450C68523CFCD6B12AFA02F827" blockId="38.[813,1458,1874,1951]" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">
MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
<materialsCitation id="F0BBB3180C68523CFBE4B12DFA2FF83C" collectorName="Peron &amp; Lesueur" country="Mauritius" location="Baudin" pageId="38" pageNumber="249" specimenCode="MNHN-IE-2014-28" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="South Seas" typeStatus="syntype">
<emphasis id="72A765570C68523CFBE4B12DFB39F8D4" bold="true" box="[1055,1161,1876,1900]" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">
<collectingRegion id="821777A70C68523CFBE4B12DFB39F8D4" box="[1055,1161,1876,1900]" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">South Seas</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCode id="1075113E0C68523CFB67B12BFADBF8D2" box="[1180,1387,1874,1898]" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">MNHN-IE-2014-28</specimenCode>
;
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<typeStatus id="9F6807E70C68523CFA7CB12AFCD2F83D" pageId="38" pageNumber="249" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
;
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expedition (1800-1804);
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C68523CFB42B114FB42F83D" box="[1209,1266,1901,1925]" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">Péron</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C68523CFADDB114FAC3F83C" box="[1318,1395,1901,1924]" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">Lesueur</collectorName>
leg.
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•
<materialsCitation id="F0BBB3180C68523CFCD5B1FEFA1EF827" box="[814,1454,1927,1951]" collectionCode="MHNH" country="Mauritius" pageId="38" pageNumber="249" stateProvince="Mhnh">
<collectionCode id="26C221800C68523CFCD5B1FEFC32F826" box="[814,898,1927,1950]" collectionName="MHNH" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">
<collectingRegion id="821777A70C68523CFCD5B1FEFC32F826" box="[814,898,1927,1950]" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">MHNH</collectingRegion>
</collectionCode>
;
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C68523CFC71B1FEFC64F826" box="[906,980,1927,1950]" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">Lesueur</collectorName>
drawings collection; ref. 74049;
<location id="450CEF9E0C68523CFB04B1FEFAF4F827" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C87A08530C68523CFC4EB00BFB0BF85F:450CEF9E0C68523CFB04B1FEFAF4F827" box="[1279,1348,1927,1951]" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">Baudin</location>
expedition
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="406CB9450C68523CFCD6B1CCFB0BF85F" blockId="38.[813,1456,1973,2023]" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">DISTRIBUTION. — South coast of Australia to New South Wales, Tasmania, temperate South-West Pacific.</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="72A765570C68523CFEF5B128FEC0F8D4" bold="true" box="[270,368,1873,1900]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">variolata</emphasis>
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(
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)
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<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C68523CFF7FB1DCFE46F804" authority="Lamarck, 1816: 565" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityPageNumber="565" authorityYear="1816" box="[132,502,1956,1980]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="38" pageNumber="249" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="variolata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C68523CFF7FB1DCFE96F804" box="[132,294,1956,1980]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">Asterias variolata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C68523CFED7B1DDFE46F804" author="Lamarck" box="[300,502,1956,1980]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" page="565" pageId="38" pageNumber="249" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816: 565</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="406CB9450C68523CFF7FB1B7FE58F85E" blockId="38.[132,506,1956,2022]" box="[132,488,1998,2022]" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C68523CFF7FB1B7FE58F85E" box="[132,488,1998,2022]" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">
<emphasis id="72A765570C68523CFF7FB1B7FE89F85E" box="[132,313,1998,2022]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C68523CFF7FB1B7FE95F85E" ID-CoL="45PHJ" baseAuthorityName="Bruzelius" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[132,293,1998,2022]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Nardoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="38" pageNumber="249" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="variolata">Nardoa variolata</taxonomicName>
–
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<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C68523CFEC4B1B7FE54F85E" author="CLARK A. M." box="[319,484,1998,2022]" page="343" pageId="38" pageNumber="249" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C68523CFEC4B1B7FE54F85E" author="Clark" box="[319,484,1998,2022]" firstAuthor="Clark" page="343" pageId="38" pageNumber="249" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref13772" refString="CLARK A. M. 1993. - An index of recent Asteroidea. Part 2: Valvatida, in JANGOUX M. &amp; LAWRENCE J. M. (eds), Echinoderm Studies, vol. 4. Balkema, Rotterdam: 187 - 366." type="book chapter" year="1993">Clark 1993: 343</bibRefCitation>
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CURRENT STATUS. —
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C68523CFBFAB351FAE5FAF8" ID-CoL="45PHJ" authority="(Bruzelius, 1805)" baseAuthorityName="Bruzelius" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[1025,1365,1320,1344]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Nardoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="38" pageNumber="249" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="variolata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C68523CFBFAB351FB12FAF8" box="[1025,1186,1320,1344]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">Nardoa variolata</emphasis>
(Bruzelius, 1805)
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.
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MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
<materialsCitation id="F0BBB3180C68523CFBE5B321FAA3FA32" collectionCode="MHNH" country="Mauritius" pageId="38" pageNumber="249" stateProvince="Mhnh">
<collectionCode id="26C221800C68523CFBE5B321FBC3FAD7" box="[1054,1139,1368,1391]" collectionName="MHNH" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">
<collectingRegion id="821777A70C68523CFBE5B321FBC3FAD7" box="[1054,1139,1368,1391]" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">MHNH</collectingRegion>
</collectionCode>
;
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C68523CFB87B321FB78FAD7" box="[1148,1224,1368,1391]" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">Lesueur</collectorName>
drawings collection; ref. 74037;
<location id="450CEF9E0C68523CFC8CB30BFC0EFA32" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C87A08530C68523CFEF5B128FACDF995:450CEF9E0C68523CFC8CB30BFC0EFA32" box="[887,958,1394,1418]" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">Baudin</location>
expedition;
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C68523CFBC3B30AFBC0FA33" box="[1080,1136,1395,1419]" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">Péron</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C68523CFB59B30AFB5FFA32" box="[1186,1263,1395,1418]" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">Lesueur</collectorName>
leg
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.
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<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C68523CFCD6B3DAFB18FA02" box="[813,1192,1442,1466]" pageId="38" pageNumber="249" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C68523CFCD6B3DAFB18FA02" blockId="38.[813,1192,1442,1466]" box="[813,1192,1442,1466]" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">DISTRIBUTION. — East coast of Africa.</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C68523CFCD6B38AFACDF995" pageId="38" pageNumber="249" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C68523CFCD6B38AFC37F9B3" blockId="38.[813,1405,1523,1581]" box="[813,903,1523,1549]" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">REMARK</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C68523CFCD6B06BFACDF995" blockId="38.[813,1405,1523,1581]" box="[813,1405,1554,1581]" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">Lamarck’s material could not be found in the MNHN.</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C68523CFEFEB34AFD36FAF6" ID-CoL="6QGDT" authority="H. L. Clark, 1914" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1914" box="[261,646,1331,1358]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Linckia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="38" pageNumber="249" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tyloplax">
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H. L.
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C68523CFE58B34AFD98FAF5" author="Clark" box="[419,552,1331,1357]" firstAuthor="Clark" pageId="38" pageNumber="249" pagination="132 - 173" refId="ref13989" refString="CLARK H. L. 1914. - The echinoderms of the Western Australian Museum. Records of the Western Australian Museum 1: 132 - 173." type="journal article" year="1914">Clark, 1914</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="72A765570C68523CFDC8B34AFD36FAF6" bold="true" box="[563,646,1331,1358]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">Linckia</emphasis>
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(
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C68523CFF7FB3FFFDBCFA26" box="[132,524,1414,1438]" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C68523CFF7FB3FFFDB8FA26" author="CLARK H. L." box="[132,520,1414,1438]" page="147" pageId="38" pageNumber="249" year="1914">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C68523CFF7FB3FFFDB8FA26" ID-CoL="6QGDT" authority="H. L. Clark, 1914: 147" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityPageNumber="147" authorityYear="1914" box="[132,520,1414,1438]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Linckia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="38" pageNumber="249" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tyloplax">
<emphasis id="72A765570C68523CFF7FB3FFFEAAFA26" box="[132,282,1414,1438]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">Linckia tyloplax</emphasis>
H. L.
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C68523CFEA6B3FFFDB8FA26" author="Clark" box="[349,520,1414,1438]" firstAuthor="Clark" page="147" pageId="38" pageNumber="249" pagination="132 - 173" refId="ref13989" refString="CLARK H. L. 1914. - The echinoderms of the Western Australian Museum. Records of the Western Australian Museum 1: 132 - 173." type="journal article" year="1914">Clark, 1914: 147</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C68523CFF7FB3C9FD99FA70" blockId="38.[131,776,1414,1657]" box="[132,553,1456,1480]" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C68523CFF7FB3C9FD99FA70" box="[132,553,1456,1480]" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C68523CFF7FB3C9FEAAFA70" ID-CoL="6KWM6" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[132,282,1456,1480]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Hacelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="38" pageNumber="249" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tyloplax">
<emphasis id="72A765570C68523CFF7FB3C9FEAAFA70" box="[132,282,1456,1480]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">Hacelia tyloplax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C68523CFECFB3C9FD95FA70" author="ROWE F. W. E. &amp; GATES J." box="[308,549,1456,1480]" page="85" pageId="38" pageNumber="249" year="1995">
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C68523CFECFB3C9FD95FA70" author="Rowe &amp; Gates" box="[308,549,1456,1480]" firstAuthor="Rowe" page="85" pageId="38" pageNumber="249" pagination="1 - 510" refId="ref14878" refString="ROWE F. W. E. &amp; GATES J. 1995. - Echinodermata, in WELLS A. (ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia (Melbourne, CSIRO) 33: 1 - 510." type="journal article" year="1995">Rowe &amp; Gates 1995: 85</bibRefCitation>
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CURRENT STATUS. —
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C68523CFEA9B3A0FD14FA49" ID-CoL="6KWM6" authority="(H. L. Clark, 1914)" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[338,676,1497,1521]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Hacelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="38" pageNumber="249" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tyloplax">
<emphasis id="72A765570C68523CFEA9B3A0FE54FA49" box="[338,484,1497,1521]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">Hacelia tyloplax</emphasis>
(H. L.
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(see
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).
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<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C68523CFF7FB067FDDFF9E8" pageId="38" pageNumber="249" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C68523CFF7FB067FDDFF9E8" blockId="38.[131,776,1414,1657]" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">
MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
<materialsCitation id="F0BBB3180C68523CFE8EB067FDDBF9E8" collectionCode="MHNH" country="Mauritius" pageId="38" pageNumber="249" stateProvince="Mhnh">
<collectionCode id="26C221800C68523CFE8EB067FE7AF98D" box="[373,458,1566,1589]" collectionName="MHNH" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">
<collectingRegion id="821777A70C68523CFE8EB067FE7AF98D" box="[373,458,1566,1589]" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">MHNH</collectingRegion>
</collectionCode>
;
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C68523CFE28B067FDAFF98D" box="[467,543,1566,1589]" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">Lesueur</collectorName>
drawings collection; ref. 74018;
<location id="450CEF9E0C68523CFF34B041FEA6F9E8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C87A08530C68523CFEFEB34AFE9CF8B4:450CEF9E0C68523CFF34B041FEA6F9E8" box="[207,278,1592,1616]" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">Baudin</location>
expedition;
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C68523CFE6BB041FE78F9E8" box="[400,456,1592,1616]" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">Péron</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C68523CFE02B041FDF6F9F7" box="[505,582,1592,1615]" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">Lesueur</collectorName>
leg
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C68523CFF7FB01BFE61F9C1" box="[132,465,1633,1657]" pageId="38" pageNumber="249" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C68523CFF7FB01BFE61F9C1" blockId="38.[131,776,1414,1657]" box="[132,465,1633,1657]" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">DISTRIBUTION. — West Australia.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C68523CFF7FB0CAFE9CF8B4" pageId="38" pageNumber="249" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C68523CFF7FB0CAFF6EF973" blockId="38.[130,775,1715,1804]" box="[132,222,1715,1741]" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">REMARK</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C68523CFF7FB0ABFE9CF8B4" blockId="38.[130,775,1715,1804]" pageId="38" pageNumber="249">Péron and Lesueur’s material of the species could not be found in the MNHN.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

110
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<mods:date id="5A78154EFADB1BF30C4DBCCF24F07A8D">2021</mods:date>
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<heading id="1B240E290C6A523EFEFDB3CAFD35FA75" box="[262,645,1459,1485]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="247" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C6A523EFEFDB3CAFD35FA75" ID-CoL="YTBN" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[262,645,1459,1485]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Coscinasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="36" pageNumber="247" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tenuispina">
<emphasis id="72A765570C6A523EFEFDB3CAFEC8FA75" bold="true" box="[262,376,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="247">tenuispina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C6A523EFE84B3CAFD96FA75" author="Lamarck" box="[383,550,1459,1485]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="36" pageNumber="247" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="72A765570C6A523EFDCAB3CAFD35FA75" bold="true" box="[561,645,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="247">Asterias</emphasis>
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(
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)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C6A523EFF7FB07EFD14F9F1" pageId="36" pageNumber="247" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C6A523EFF7FB07EFDB8F9A6" blockId="36.[132,775,1542,1746]" box="[132,520,1542,1566]" pageId="36" pageNumber="247">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C6A523EFF7FB07EFDB8F9A6" box="[132,520,1542,1566]" pageId="36" pageNumber="247">
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C6A523EFF7FB07EFDB4F9A6" author="LAMARCK J. B. &amp; DE" box="[132,516,1542,1566]" page="561" pageId="36" pageNumber="247" year="1816">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C6A523EFF7FB07EFDB4F9A6" ID-CoL="HRFT" authority="Lamarck, 1816: 561" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityPageNumber="561" authorityYear="1816" box="[132,516,1542,1566]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="36" pageNumber="247" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tenuispina">
<emphasis id="72A765570C6A523EFF7FB07EFE83F9A6" box="[132,307,1543,1566]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="247">Asterias tenuispina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C6A523EFEC1B07FFDB4F9A6" author="Lamarck" box="[314,516,1542,1566]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" page="561" pageId="36" pageNumber="247" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816: 561</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="406CB9450C6A523EFF7FB048FD14F9F1" blockId="36.[132,775,1542,1746]" box="[132,676,1585,1609]" pageId="36" pageNumber="247">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C6A523EFF7FB048FD14F9F1" box="[132,676,1585,1609]" pageId="36" pageNumber="247">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C6A523EFF7FB048FEDDF9F0" ID-CoL="YTBN" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[132,365,1585,1608]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Coscinasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="36" pageNumber="247" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tenuispina">
<emphasis id="72A765570C6A523EFF7FB048FEDDF9F0" box="[132,365,1585,1608]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="247">Coscinasterias tenuispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C6A523EFE7DB048FD2FF9F1" author="CLARK A. M. &amp; DOWNEY M. E." box="[390,671,1585,1609]" page="427" pageId="36" pageNumber="247" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C6A523EFE7DB048FD2FF9F1" author="Clark &amp; Downey" box="[390,671,1585,1609]" firstAuthor="Clark" page="427" pageId="36" pageNumber="247" refId="ref13907" refString="CLARK A. M. &amp; DOWNEY M. E. 1992. - Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 565 p." type="book" year="1992">Clark &amp; Downey 1992: 427</bibRefCitation>
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<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C6A523EFF7FB025FD43F9CB" box="[132,755,1627,1652]" pageId="36" pageNumber="247" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C6A523EFF7FB025FD43F9CB" blockId="36.[132,775,1542,1746]" box="[132,755,1627,1652]" pageId="36" pageNumber="247">
CURRENT STATUS. —
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C6A523EFEA2B025FD40F9CB" ID-CoL="YTBN" authority="(Lamarck, 1816)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[345,752,1627,1651]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Coscinasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="36" pageNumber="247" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tenuispina">
<emphasis id="72A765570C6A523EFEA2B025FDF1F9CB" box="[345,577,1628,1651]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="247">Coscinasterias tenuispina</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C6A523EFDB5B022FD58F9CB" author="Lamarck" box="[590,744,1627,1651]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="36" pageNumber="247" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
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<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C6A523EFF7FB0FFFED0F96A" pageId="36" pageNumber="247" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C6A523EFF7FB0FFFED0F96A" blockId="36.[132,775,1542,1746]" pageId="36" pageNumber="247">DISTRIBUTION. — Mediterranea; East Atlantic from Bay of Biscay to Cape Verde Islands; West Atlantic (North Carolina, Cuba, Bahamas, eastern Brazil).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C6A523EFF7FB08BFCB7F894" pageId="36" pageNumber="247" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C6A523EFF7FB08BFF6EF8B2" blockId="36.[132,775,1778,1836]" box="[132,222,1778,1804]" pageId="36" pageNumber="247">REMARK</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C6A523EFF7FB16BFCB7F894" blockId="36.[132,775,1778,1836]" box="[132,775,1810,1836]" pageId="36" pageNumber="247">
Lamarck’s
<typeStatus id="9F6807E70C6A523EFF0EB16BFE93F894" box="[245,291,1810,1836]" pageId="36" pageNumber="247">type</typeStatus>
material could not be found in the MNHN.
</paragraph>
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164
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<mods:title id="A91E9E0F33B9B35ACC071EFC1E6BDCA7">The asteroid species of Lamarck (Echinodermata: Asteroidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CFC0DB1E3705FA1916D4D970CBF41FCC">Jangoux, Michel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="DD822F658F56A68F2677D6691BC008C7">Laboratoire de Biologie marine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50 avenue F. D. Roosevelt, B- 1050 Bruxelles (Belgium) and Laboratoire de Biologie marine, Université de Mons, 20 Place du Parc, B- 7000 Mons (Belgium)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="D87C3E85437325682D0684E355565AFA">Zoosystema</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C6A523EFF3DB108FD75F833" ID-CoL="7NPX9" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[198,709,1905,1932]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="36" pageNumber="247" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tessellata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C6A523EFF3DB108FE95F834" bold="true" box="[198,293,1905,1932]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="247">tessellata</emphasis>
var. C and D
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C6A523EFE44B108FDD6F833" author="Lamarck" box="[447,614,1905,1931]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="36" pageNumber="247" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
,
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<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C6A523EFE6CB1E8FE44F813" box="[407,500,1937,1963]" pageId="36" pageNumber="247" type="description">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C6A523EFE6CB1E8FE44F813" blockId="36.[198,709,1905,1963]" box="[407,500,1937,1963]" pageId="36" pageNumber="247">
(
<figureCitation id="D8E8A5C00C6A523EFE65B1E8FE5CF813" box="[414,492,1937,1963]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="37.[133,144,1986,2004]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,1142,1944]" captionTargetId="figure-81@37.[245,1399,1143,1944]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIG. 41. — Astrogonium lamarcki Müller &amp; Troschel, 1842 (holotype MNHN-IE-2014-65), a junior synonym and putative type specimen of Asterias tessellata Lamarck, 1816: abactinal and actinal views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768233" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4768233/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="247">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
)
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<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C6A523EFF7FB1A8FAACF9B8" pageId="36" pageNumber="247" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C6A523EFF7FB1A8FDCCF851" blockId="36.[132,636,2001,2025]" box="[132,636,2001,2025]" pageId="36" pageNumber="247">
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<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C6A523EFF7FB1A8FE92F851" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[132,290,2001,2025]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="36" pageNumber="247" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tessellata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C6A523EFF7FB1A8FE92F851" box="[132,290,2001,2025]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="247">Asterias tessellata</emphasis>
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var. C and D
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C6A523EFE55B1A8FDC8F851" author="LAMARCK J. B. &amp; DE" box="[430,632,2001,2025]" page="552" pageId="36" pageNumber="247" year="1816">
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C6A523EFE55B1A8FDC8F851" author="Lamarck" box="[430,632,2001,2025]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" page="552" pageId="36" pageNumber="247" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816: 552</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<paragraph id="406CB9450C6A523EFCD6B3C0FAC1FA68" blockId="36.[813,1393,1464,1488]" box="[813,1393,1464,1488]" pageId="36" pageNumber="247">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C6A523EFCD6B3C0FAC1FA68" box="[813,1393,1464,1488]" pageId="36" pageNumber="247">
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C6A523EFCD6B3C0FA95FA68" author="MULLER J. &amp; TROSCHEL H." box="[813,1317,1464,1488]" page="56" pageId="36" pageNumber="247" year="1842">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C6A523EFCD6B3C0FA95FA68" authority="Muller &amp; Troschel, 1842: 56" authorityName="Muller &amp; Troschel" authorityPageNumber="56" authorityYear="1842" box="[813,1317,1464,1488]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Astrogonium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="36" pageNumber="247" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lamarckii">
<emphasis id="72A765570C6A523EFCD6B3C0FBB4FA68" box="[813,1028,1464,1488]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="247">Astrogonium lamarckii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C6A523EFBF2B3C1FA95FA68" author="Muller &amp; Troschel" box="[1033,1317,1464,1488]" firstAuthor="Muller" page="56" pageId="36" pageNumber="247" refId="ref14644" refString="MULLER J. &amp; TROSCHEL H. 1842. - System der Asteriden. Braunschweig, 134 p. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 12100281" type="book" year="1842">Müller &amp; Troschel, 1842: 56</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="6994D82C0C6A523EFAD4B3C1FAC1FA68" box="[1327,1393,1464,1488]" pageId="36" pageNumber="247">n. syn.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="406CB9450C6A523EFCD6B391FAACF9B8" blockId="36.[813,1308,1512,1536]" box="[813,1308,1512,1536]" pageId="36" pageNumber="247">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C6A523EFCD6B391FAACF9B8" box="[813,1308,1512,1536]" pageId="36" pageNumber="247">
<emphasis id="72A765570C6A523EFCD6B391FC48F9B8" box="[813,1016,1512,1536]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="247">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C6A523EFCD6B391FC55F9B8" ID-CoL="3GVF4" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[813,997,1512,1536]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Goniaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="36" pageNumber="247" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tessellatus">Goniaster tessellatus</taxonomicName>
–
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C6A523EFC05B391FAA7F9B8" author="CLARK A. M. &amp; DOWNEY M. E." box="[1022,1303,1512,1536]" page="245" pageId="36" pageNumber="247" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C6A523EFC05B391FAA7F9B8" author="Clark &amp; Downey" box="[1022,1303,1512,1536]" firstAuthor="Clark" page="245" pageId="36" pageNumber="247" refId="ref13907" refString="CLARK A. M. &amp; DOWNEY M. E. 1992. - Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 565 p." type="book" year="1992">Clark &amp; Downey 1992: 245</bibRefCitation>
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.
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CURRENT STATUS. —
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C6A523EFBFAB061FAD8F997" ID-CoL="3GVF4" authority="(Lamarck, 1816)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[1025,1384,1559,1583]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Goniaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="36" pageNumber="247" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tessellatus">
<emphasis id="72A765570C6A523EFBFAB061FB09F997" box="[1025,1209,1559,1583]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="247">Goniaster tessellatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C6A523EFB3DB06EFAD0F997" author="Lamarck" box="[1222,1376,1559,1583]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="36" pageNumber="247" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
)
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.
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<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C6A523EFCD6B031FAB5F92B" pageId="36" pageNumber="247" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C6A523EFCD6B031FAB5F92B" blockId="36.[811,1455,1607,1684]" pageId="36" pageNumber="247">
DISTRIBUTION. — North Carolina to northern Brazil and Morocco to Gabon. Contrarily to what is sometimes reported,
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C6A523EFAD4B01BFCDFF92C" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Goniaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="36" pageNumber="247" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tessellatus">
<emphasis id="72A765570C6A523EFAD4B01BFCDFF92C" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="247">Goniaster tessellatus</emphasis>
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does not occur in the Indo-Pacific ocean.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C6A523EFCD6B0CAFA1BF854" pageId="36" pageNumber="247" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C6A523EFCD6B0CAFC37F973" blockId="36.[811,1456,1715,2028]" box="[813,903,1715,1741]" pageId="36" pageNumber="247">REMARK</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C6A523EFCD6B0ABFA1BF854" blockId="36.[811,1456,1715,2028]" pageId="36" pageNumber="247">
Lamarck’s
<typeStatus id="9F6807E70C6A523EFC65B0ABFC7CF954" box="[926,972,1746,1772]" pageId="36" pageNumber="247">type</typeStatus>
material could not be found in the MNHN. Yet,
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C6A523EFCA4B08BFB37F8B4" author="Muller &amp; Troschel" box="[863,1159,1778,1804]" firstAuthor="Muller" pageId="36" pageNumber="247" refId="ref14644" refString="MULLER J. &amp; TROSCHEL H. 1842. - System der Asteriden. Braunschweig, 134 p. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 12100281" type="book" year="1842">Müller &amp; Troschel (1842)</bibRefCitation>
, while giving no information on Lamarck’s
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C6A523EFC0EB16BFB15F894" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[1013,1189,1810,1836]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="36" pageNumber="247" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tessellata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C6A523EFC0EB16BFB15F894" box="[1013,1189,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="247">Asterias tessellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, described a new species (
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C6A523EFCCDB14BFB94F8F3" authorityName="Muller &amp; Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[822,1060,1841,1868]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astrogonium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="36" pageNumber="247" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lamarckii">
<emphasis id="72A765570C6A523EFCCDB14BFB94F8F3" box="[822,1060,1841,1868]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="247">Astrogonium lamarckii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) that they found in the Paris collection. Undoubtedly,
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C6A523EFBFFB12BFB42F8D3" authorityName="Muller &amp; Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[1028,1266,1873,1900]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astrogonium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="36" pageNumber="247" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lamarckii">
<emphasis id="72A765570C6A523EFBFFB12BFB42F8D3" box="[1028,1266,1873,1900]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="247">Astrogonium lamarckii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the first junior synonym of Lamarck’s
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C6A523EFBD9B10BFB60F833" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[1058,1232,1905,1932]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="36" pageNumber="247" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tessellata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C6A523EFBD9B10BFB60F833" box="[1058,1232,1905,1932]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="247">Asterias tessellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The
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of the former is still kept in the MNHN (
<figureCitation id="D8E8A5C00C6A523EFB6FB1E8FB51F813" box="[1172,1249,1937,1963]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="37.[133,144,1986,2004]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,1142,1944]" captionTargetId="figure-81@37.[245,1399,1143,1944]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIG. 41. — Astrogonium lamarcki Müller &amp; Troschel, 1842 (holotype MNHN-IE-2014-65), a junior synonym and putative type specimen of Asterias tessellata Lamarck, 1816: abactinal and actinal views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768233" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4768233/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="247">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
). It is to be assumed that the
<typeStatus id="9F6807E70C6A523EFC78B1CBFC01F874" box="[899,945,1970,1996]" pageId="36" pageNumber="247">type</typeStatus>
specimen of
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C6A523EFBC7B1C8FA97F873" authorityName="Muller &amp; Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[1084,1319,1969,1995]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astrogonium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="36" pageNumber="247" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lamarckii">
<emphasis id="72A765570C6A523EFBC7B1C8FA97F873" box="[1084,1319,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="247">Astrogonium lamarckii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of Müller &amp; Troschel’s would also be that of Lamarck’s
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C6A523EFB0EB1A8FA14F853" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[1269,1444,2001,2027]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="36" pageNumber="247" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tessellata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C6A523EFB0EB1A8FA14F853" box="[1269,1444,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="247">Asterias tessellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
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<emphasis id="72A765570C6C5238FC3AB38BFBAEF9B5" bold="true" box="[961,1054,1522,1549]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="245">subulata</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="72A765570C6C5238FB50B38BFAABF9B5" bold="true" box="[1195,1307,1522,1549]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="245">Metrodira</emphasis>
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(
<figureCitation id="D8E8A5C00C6C5238FBBCB06BFB25F995" box="[1095,1173,1554,1581]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="36.[132,143,1315,1333]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1272]" captionTargetId="figure-368@36.[132,1455,216,1272]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIG. 39. — Metrodira subulata Gray, 1840: A, B, abactinal (A) and actinal (B) surfaces; C, abactinal structure of an arm section showing the minute granulation of abactinal plates and the arrangements of pairs or triplets of spines (text: ‘above’); D, actinal structure of an arm section showing the triangular inner part of adambulacral plates bearing six furrow spines and projecting above the ambulacral groove; note also the occurrence of a single broad erected subambulacral spine (MHNH, Lesueur collection 74017, details, courtesy of MHNH)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768227" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4768227/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="245">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="406CB9450C6C5238FCD6B025FAEDF9CC" blockId="34.[813,1373,1628,1652]" box="[813,1373,1628,1652]" pageId="34" pageNumber="245">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C6C5238FCD6B025FAEDF9CC" box="[813,1373,1628,1652]" pageId="34" pageNumber="245">
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C6C5238FCD6B025FB3AF9CC" author="GRAY J. E." box="[813,1162,1628,1652]" page="280" pageId="34" pageNumber="245" year="1840">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C6C5238FCD6B025FB3AF9CC" ID-CoL="42JPR" authority="Gray, 1840: 280" authorityName="Gray" authorityPageNumber="280" authorityYear="1840" box="[813,1162,1628,1652]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Metrodira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="34" pageNumber="245" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="subulata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C6C5238FCD6B025FC51F9CC" box="[813,993,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="245">Metrodira subulata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C6C5238FC1CB025FB3AF9CC" author="Gray" box="[999,1162,1628,1652]" firstAuthor="Gray" page="280" pageId="34" pageNumber="245" pagination="175 - 184" refId="ref14219" refString="GRAY J. E. 1840. - A synopsis of the genera and species of Hypostoma (Asterias Linnaeus). Annals and Magazine of natural History 6: 175 - 184 and 275 - 290. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745484009443282" type="journal article" year="1840">Gray, 1840: 280</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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. —
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C6C5238FB4FB025FAE9F9CC" author="CLARK A. M." box="[1204,1369,1628,1652]" page="243" pageId="34" pageNumber="245" year="1996">
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C6C5238FB4FB025FAE9F9CC" author="Clark" box="[1204,1369,1628,1652]" firstAuthor="Clark" page="243" pageId="34" pageNumber="245" pagination="183 - 250" refId="ref13820" refString="CLARK A. M. 1996. - An index of recent Asteroidea. Part 3: Velatida and Spinulosida, in JANGOUX M. &amp; LAWRENCE J. M. (eds), Echinoderm Studies, vol. 5. Balkema, Rotterdam: 183 - 250." type="book chapter" year="1996">Clark 1996: 243</bibRefCitation>
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.
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CURRENT STATUS. —
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<emphasis id="72A765570C6C5238FBFAB0E5FB05F90C" box="[1025,1205,1692,1716]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="245">Metrodira subulata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C6C5238FB47B0E4FA9DF90D" author="Gray" box="[1212,1325,1693,1717]" firstAuthor="Gray" pageId="34" pageNumber="245" pagination="175 - 184" refId="ref14219" refString="GRAY J. E. 1840. - A synopsis of the genera and species of Hypostoma (Asterias Linnaeus). Annals and Magazine of natural History 6: 175 - 184 and 275 - 290. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745484009443282" type="journal article" year="1840">Gray, 1840</bibRefCitation>
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.
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MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
<materialsCitation id="F0BBB3180C6C5238FBE5B0A4FAA3F8B7" collectionCode="MHNH" country="Mauritius" pageId="34" pageNumber="245" stateProvince="Mhnh">
<collectionCode id="26C221800C6C5238FBE5B0A4FBC3F94C" box="[1054,1139,1757,1780]" collectionName="MHNH" pageId="34" pageNumber="245">
<collectingRegion id="821777A70C6C5238FBE5B0A4FBC3F94C" box="[1054,1139,1757,1780]" pageId="34" pageNumber="245">MHNH</collectingRegion>
</collectionCode>
;
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C6C5238FB87B0A4FB78F94C" box="[1148,1224,1757,1780]" pageId="34" pageNumber="245">Lesueur</collectorName>
drawings collection; ref. 74017;
<location id="450CEF9E0C6C5238FC8CB08EFC0EF8B7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C87A08530C6C5238FC3AB38BFC64F854:450CEF9E0C6C5238FC8CB08EFC0EF8B7" box="[887,958,1783,1807]" pageId="34" pageNumber="245">Baudin</location>
expedition;
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C6C5238FBC3B08EFBC0F8B7" box="[1080,1136,1783,1807]" pageId="34" pageNumber="245">Péron</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C6C5238FB59B081FB5FF8B7" box="[1186,1263,1784,1807]" pageId="34" pageNumber="245">Lesueur</collectorName>
leg
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C6C5238FCD6B141FC6FF8D2" pageId="34" pageNumber="245" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C6C5238FCD6B141FC6FF8D2" blockId="34.[813,1455,1847,1898]" pageId="34" pageNumber="245">DISTRIBUTION. — North part of Australia, Gulf of Bengal, Indonesia, Philippines.</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C6C5238FCD6B1EBFC64F854" pageId="34" pageNumber="245" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C6C5238FCD6B1EBFC37F812" blockId="34.[811,1455,1938,2028]" box="[813,903,1938,1964]" pageId="34" pageNumber="245">REMARK</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C6C5238FCD6B1C8FC64F854" blockId="34.[811,1455,1938,2028]" pageId="34" pageNumber="245">Péron and Lesueur’s material of the species could not be found in the MNHN.</paragraph>
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120
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<heading id="1B240E290C6C5238FC42B5EDFA93FC17" box="[953,1315,916,943]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="34" pageNumber="245" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C6C5238FC42B5EDFA93FC17" ID-CoL="42JPR" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[953,1315,916,943]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Metrodira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="34" pageNumber="245" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="subulata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C6C5238FC42B5EDFBA6FC17" bold="true" box="[953,1046,916,943]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="245">subulata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C6C5238FBE6B5ECFB74FC17" author="Lamarck" box="[1053,1220,917,943]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="34" pageNumber="245" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="72A765570C6C5238FB34B5ECFA93FC17" bold="true" box="[1231,1315,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="245">Asterias</emphasis>
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(
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)
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<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C6C5238FCD6B58EFB10FBF0" pageId="34" pageNumber="245" type="reference_group">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C6C5238FCD6B58EFB2EFBB7" box="[813,1182,1015,1039]" pageId="34" pageNumber="245">
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C6C5238FCD6B58EFB2AFBB7" author="LAMARCK J. B. &amp; DE" box="[813,1178,1015,1039]" page="568" pageId="34" pageNumber="245" year="1816">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C6C5238FCD6B58EFB2AFBB7" authority="Lamarck, 1816: 568" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityPageNumber="568" authorityYear="1816" box="[813,1178,1015,1039]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="245" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="subulata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C6C5238FCD6B58EFC79FBB7" box="[813,969,1015,1039]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="245">Asterias subulata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C6C5238FC2BB58EFB2AFBB7" author="Lamarck" box="[976,1178,1015,1039]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" page="568" pageId="34" pageNumber="245" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816: 568</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C6C5238FCD6B256FB10FBF0" box="[813,1184,1071,1096]" pageId="34" pageNumber="245">
<emphasis id="72A765570C6C5238FCD6B256FC41FBFF" box="[813,1009,1071,1095]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="245">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C6C5238FCD6B256FC6EFBFF" ID-CoL="5XNT7" baseAuthorityName="Bruzelius" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[813,990,1071,1095]" class="Asteroidea" family="Chaetasteridae" genus="Chaetaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="245" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="longipes">Chaetaster longipes</taxonomicName>
–
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<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C6C5238FC0CB256FB2CFBF0" author="CLARK A. M." box="[1015,1180,1071,1096]" page="189" pageId="34" pageNumber="245" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C6C5238FC0CB256FB2CFBF0" author="Clark" box="[1015,1180,1071,1096]" firstAuthor="Clark" page="189" pageId="34" pageNumber="245" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref13772" refString="CLARK A. M. 1993. - An index of recent Asteroidea. Part 2: Valvatida, in JANGOUX M. &amp; LAWRENCE J. M. (eds), Echinoderm Studies, vol. 4. Balkema, Rotterdam: 187 - 366." type="book chapter" year="1993">Clark 1993: 189</bibRefCitation>
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CURRENT STATUS. —
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C6C5238FBFAB211FAD6FB38" ID-CoL="5XNT7" authority="(Bruzelius, 1805)" baseAuthorityName="Bruzelius" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[1025,1382,1128,1152]" class="Asteroidea" family="Chaetasteridae" genus="Chaetaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="245" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="longipes">
<emphasis id="72A765570C6C5238FBFAB211FB03FB38" box="[1025,1203,1128,1152]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="245">Chaetaster longipes</emphasis>
(Bruzelius, 1805)
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.
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<paragraph id="406CB9450C6C5238FCD6B2D8FC2BFB6B" blockId="34.[813,1455,1185,1235]" pageId="34" pageNumber="245">DISTRIBUTION. — Mediterranea and East Atlantic (from Portugal to Liberia).</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C6C5238FCD6B28DFC21FA16" pageId="34" pageNumber="245" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C6C5238FCD6B28DFC37FAB4" blockId="34.[813,1457,1268,1454]" box="[813,903,1268,1294]" pageId="34" pageNumber="245">REMARK</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C6C5238FCD6B36AFC21FA16" blockId="34.[813,1457,1268,1454]" pageId="34" pageNumber="245">
Lamarck gave no information on the origin of
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C6C5238FADBB36DFCE5FAF5" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="245" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="subulata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C6C5238FADBB36DFCE5FAF5" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="245">Asterias subulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen though its description strongly supports the synonymy with the species
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C6C5238FB9DB32AFA82FAD5" baseAuthorityName="Bruzelius" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[1126,1330,1363,1389]" class="Asteroidea" family="Chaetasteridae" genus="Chaetaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="245" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="longipes">
<emphasis id="72A765570C6C5238FB9DB32AFA82FAD5" box="[1126,1330,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="245">Chaetaster longipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Lamarck’s
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material of
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C6C5238FC1AB30AFB21FA35" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[993,1169,1395,1421]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="245" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="subulata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C6C5238FC1AB30AFB21FA35" box="[993,1169,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="245">Asterias subulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could not be found in the MNHN.
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117
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<mods:title id="A7C09EA99A6A8005C094A165E27B04AE">The asteroid species of Lamarck (Echinodermata: Asteroidea)</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C6C5238FEE7B0ABFDDFF954" ID-CoL="7NPX9" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[284,623,1746,1772]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="245" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="striata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C6C5238FEE7B0ABFED2F954" bold="true" box="[284,354,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="245">striata</emphasis>
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,
<emphasis id="72A765570C6C5238FDE0B0ABFDDFF954" bold="true" box="[539,623,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="245">Asterias</emphasis>
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(
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)
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<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C6C5238FF7FB153FE55F8C9" pageId="34" pageNumber="245" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C6C5238FF7FB153FE52F8FA" blockId="34.[132,482,1834,1858]" box="[132,482,1834,1858]" pageId="34" pageNumber="245">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C6C5238FF7FB153FE52F8FA" box="[132,482,1834,1858]" pageId="34" pageNumber="245">
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C6C5238FF7FB153FE6EF8FA" author="LAMARCK J. B. &amp; DE" box="[132,478,1834,1858]" page="564" pageId="34" pageNumber="245" year="1816">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C6C5238FF7FB153FE6EF8FA" authority="Lamarck, 1816: 564" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityPageNumber="564" authorityYear="1816" box="[132,478,1834,1858]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="245" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="striata">
<emphasis id="72A765570C6C5238FF7FB153FEBDF8FA" box="[132,269,1834,1858]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="245">Asterias striata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C6C5238FEEFB153FE6EF8FA" author="Lamarck" box="[276,478,1834,1858]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" page="564" pageId="34" pageNumber="245" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816: 564</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C6C5238FF7FB120FE92F8C9" ID-CoL="7FCS9" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[132,290,1881,1905]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteropseidae" genus="Valvaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="245" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="striatus">Valvaster striatus</taxonomicName>
–
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C6C5238FEC0B120FE51F8C9" author="CLARK A. M." box="[315,481,1881,1905]" page="322" pageId="34" pageNumber="245" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C6C5238FEC0B120FE51F8C9" author="Clark" box="[315,481,1881,1905]" firstAuthor="Clark" page="322" pageId="34" pageNumber="245" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref13772" refString="CLARK A. M. 1993. - An index of recent Asteroidea. Part 2: Valvatida, in JANGOUX M. &amp; LAWRENCE J. M. (eds), Echinoderm Studies, vol. 4. Balkema, Rotterdam: 187 - 366." type="book chapter" year="1993">Clark 1993: 322</bibRefCitation>
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<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C6C5238FF7FB1F0FD18F818" box="[132,680,1928,1953]" pageId="34" pageNumber="245" type="nomenclature">
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CURRENT STATUS. —
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C6C5238FEA2B1F1FD15F818" ID-CoL="7FCS9" authority="(Lamarck, 1816)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[345,677,1928,1952]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteropseidae" genus="Valvaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="245" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="striatus">
<emphasis id="72A765570C6C5238FEA2B1F1FE46F827" box="[345,502,1928,1952]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="245">Valvaster striatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C6C5238FDF8B1F1FD2DF818" author="Lamarck" box="[515,669,1928,1952]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="34" pageNumber="245" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<paragraph id="406CB9450C6C5238FF7FB1CEFECDF851" blockId="34.[132,775,1975,2026]" pageId="34" pageNumber="245">
MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
<materialsCitation id="F0BBB3180C6C5238FE86B1C1FEC9F851" collectorName="Mathieu" country="Mauritius" location="Mauritius" pageId="34" pageNumber="245" specimenCode="MNHN-IE-2014-36" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="72A765570C6C5238FE86B1C1FE50F868" bold="true" box="[381,480,1976,2000]" pageId="34" pageNumber="245">
<collectingCountry id="38C4F9D50C6C5238FE86B1C1FE50F868" box="[381,480,1976,2000]" name="Mauritius" pageId="34" pageNumber="245" value="Mauritius">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCode id="1075113E0C6C5238FE0CB1CEFD76F877" box="[503,710,1975,1999]" pageId="34" pageNumber="245">MNHN-IE-2014-36</specimenCode>
;
<typeStatus id="9F6807E70C6C5238FD28B1CEFF00F852" pageId="34" pageNumber="245" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
;
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C6C5238FF40B1A8FEBEF851" box="[187,270,2001,2025]" pageId="34" pageNumber="245">Mathieu</collectorName>
leg.; 1812
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.
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147
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<mods:title id="030B943474D5338BA2B67B69350DA3B9">The asteroid species of Lamarck (Echinodermata: Asteroidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="EA076B0575436D792B09043A8A64E259" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="C711A073EF6100FC0B9792D17B9D7D15">Jangoux, Michel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E066CFA9611419F63A77EBDEBCC28DA3">Laboratoire de Biologie marine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50 avenue F. D. Roosevelt, B- 1050 Bruxelles (Belgium) and Laboratoire de Biologie marine, Université de Mons, 20 Place du Parc, B- 7000 Mons (Belgium)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="76CC95C5462DB32EFAF7CBCFC18F1684">Zoosystema</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="0E146126DDA7F84910E2D02AE57785D4">
<mods:date id="4DA58D03CC1B130C0E32BED6C6194A50">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E77648FE27A2198545AAF97AB2050DE5">2021-05-11</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6B937C5EDFFF5202A82B712CD448DB92">43</mods:number>
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<treatment id="C87A08530C6E523AFEFAB0C8FBA4F853" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C87A08530C6E523AFEFAB0C8FBA4F853" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C87A08530C6E523AFEFAB0C8FBA4F853" lastPageNumber="243" pageId="32" pageNumber="243">
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<paragraph id="406CB9450C6E523AFEFAB0C8FD3AF974" blockId="32.[257,650,1713,1773]" box="[257,650,1713,1740]" pageId="32" pageNumber="243">
<heading id="1B240E290C6E523AFEFAB0C8FD3AF974" box="[257,650,1713,1740]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="32" pageNumber="243" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C6E523AFEFAB0C8FD3AF974" ID-CoL="3WDQH" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[257,650,1713,1740]" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="32" pageNumber="243" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
<emphasis id="72A765570C6E523AFEFAB0C8FECEF974" bold="true" box="[257,382,1713,1740]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="243">senegalensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C6E523AFE7FB0CBFD9BF974" author="Lamarck" box="[388,555,1714,1740]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="32" pageNumber="243" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="72A765570C6E523AFDCDB0CBFD3AF974" bold="true" box="[566,650,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="243">Asterias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C6E523AFE6CB0ABFE44F955" box="[407,500,1746,1773]" pageId="32" pageNumber="243" type="description">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C6E523AFE6CB0ABFE44F955" blockId="32.[257,650,1713,1773]" box="[407,500,1746,1773]" pageId="32" pageNumber="243">
(
<figureCitation id="D8E8A5C00C6E523AFE65B0ABFE5CF955" box="[414,492,1746,1773]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="33.[291,302,2007,2025]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,924,1944]" captionTargetId="figure-59@33.[132,1455,980,1915]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIG. 35. — Asterias senegalensis Lamarck, 1816: abactinal (A) and actinal (B) surfaces of a syntype (MNHN-IE-2014-160)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768217" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4768217/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="243">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C6E523AFF7FB174FDEDF8F6" pageId="32" pageNumber="243" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C6E523AFF7FB174FDA0F89C" blockId="32.[132,775,1804,2021]" box="[132,528,1804,1828]" pageId="32" pageNumber="243">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C6E523AFF7FB174FDA0F89C" box="[132,528,1804,1828]" pageId="32" pageNumber="243">
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C6E523AFF7FB174FDBCF89C" author="LAMARCK J. B. &amp; DE" box="[132,524,1804,1828]" page="567" pageId="32" pageNumber="243" year="1816">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C6E523AFF7FB174FDBCF89C" authority="Lamarck, 1816: 567" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityPageNumber="567" authorityYear="1816" box="[132,524,1804,1828]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="32" pageNumber="243" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
<emphasis id="72A765570C6E523AFF7FB174FE8CF89C" box="[132,316,1804,1828]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="243">Asterias senegalensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C6E523AFEB9B175FDBCF89C" author="Lamarck" box="[322,524,1804,1828]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" page="567" pageId="32" pageNumber="243" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816: 567</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C6E523AFF7FB14FFDEDF8F6" blockId="32.[132,775,1804,2021]" box="[132,605,1846,1870]" pageId="32" pageNumber="243">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60C39E6B0C6E523AFF7FB14FFDEDF8F6" box="[132,605,1846,1870]" pageId="32" pageNumber="243">
<emphasis id="72A765570C6E523AFF7FB14FFEF7F8F6" box="[132,327,1846,1870]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="243">
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C6E523AFF7FB14FFE84F8F6" ID-CoL="3WDQH" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[132,308,1846,1870]" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="32" pageNumber="243" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">Luidia senegalensis</taxonomicName>
–
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="C1729F540C6E523AFEB6B14FFDE9F8F6" author="CLARK A. M. &amp; DOWNEY M. E." box="[333,601,1846,1870]" page="21" pageId="32" pageNumber="243" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C6E523AFEB6B14FFDE9F8F6" author="Clark &amp; Downey" box="[333,601,1846,1870]" firstAuthor="Clark" page="21" pageId="32" pageNumber="243" refId="ref13907" refString="CLARK A. M. &amp; DOWNEY M. E. 1992. - Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 565 p." type="book" year="1992">Clark &amp; Downey 1992: 21</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C6E523AFF7FB118FD0AF8CF" box="[132,698,1887,1913]" pageId="32" pageNumber="243" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C6E523AFF7FB118FD0AF8CF" blockId="32.[132,775,1804,2021]" box="[132,698,1887,1913]" pageId="32" pageNumber="243">
CURRENT STATUS. —
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C6E523AFEA2B126FD07F8CF" ID-CoL="3WDQH" authority="(Lamarck, 1816)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[345,695,1887,1911]" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="32" pageNumber="243" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
<emphasis id="72A765570C6E523AFEA2B126FDB9F8CF" box="[345,521,1887,1911]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="243">Luidia senegalensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C6E523AFDEEB126FD1EF8CF" author="Lamarck" box="[533,686,1887,1911]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="32" pageNumber="243" pagination="547 - 568" refId="ref14386" refString="LAMARCK J. B. DE 1816. - Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Tome 2. Paris, Verdiere: 547 - 568. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13299321" type="book chapter" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C6E523AFF7FB1F3FEF2F803" pageId="32" pageNumber="243" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C6E523AFF7FB1F3FEF2F803" blockId="32.[132,775,1804,2021]" pageId="32" pageNumber="243">
MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
<materialsCitation id="F0BBB3180C6E523AFE84B1F2FE8EF803" collectorName="Adanson" country="Senegal" location="Senegal" pageId="32" pageNumber="243" specimenCode="MNHN-IE-2014-160" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="syntype">
<emphasis id="72A765570C6E523AFE84B1F2FE7BF81B" bold="true" box="[383,459,1931,1955]" pageId="32" pageNumber="243">
<collectingCountry id="38C4F9D50C6E523AFE84B1F2FE7BF81B" box="[383,459,1931,1955]" name="Senegal" pageId="32" pageNumber="243" value="Senegal">Senegal</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCode id="1075113E0C6E523AFE19B1F0FD0EF819" box="[482,702,1929,1953]" pageId="32" pageNumber="243">MNHN-IE-2014-160</specimenCode>
;
<specimenCount id="56D572CC0C6E523AFD30B1F0FD68F819" box="[715,728,1929,1953]" pageId="32" pageNumber="243" type="generic">2</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="9F6807E70C6E523AFD25B1F3FF09F804" pageId="32" pageNumber="243" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
;
<collectorName id="ED26DC930C6E523AFF38B1DAFEA9F803" box="[195,281,1955,1979]" pageId="32" pageNumber="243">Adanson</collectorName>
leg
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C6E523AFF7FB1B7FD8AF85D" box="[132,570,1997,2021]" pageId="32" pageNumber="243" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C6E523AFF7FB1B7FD8AF85D" blockId="32.[132,775,1804,2021]" box="[132,570,1997,2021]" pageId="32" pageNumber="243">DISTRIBUTION. — Florida to south of Brazil.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08C9EACE0C6E523AFCD6B0CAFBA4F853" pageId="32" pageNumber="243" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="406CB9450C6E523AFCD6B0CAFC37F973" blockId="32.[811,1456,1715,2028]" box="[813,903,1715,1741]" pageId="32" pageNumber="243">REMARK</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406CB9450C6E523AFCD6B0ABFBA4F853" blockId="32.[811,1456,1715,2028]" pageId="32" pageNumber="243">
Except for its
<specimenCount id="56D572CC0C6E523AFC47B0ABFBF8F954" box="[956,1096,1746,1772]" pageId="32" pageNumber="243" type="generic" typeStatus="syntypes">two syntypes</specimenCount>
, the species
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C6E523AFB3EB0ABFA33F954" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[1221,1411,1746,1772]" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="32" pageNumber="243" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
<emphasis id="72A765570C6E523AFB3EB0ABFA33F954" box="[1221,1411,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="243">Luidia senegalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was never reported from African coasts. The
<typeStatus id="9F6807E70C6E523AFB35B08BFB4CF8B4" box="[1230,1276,1778,1804]" pageId="32" pageNumber="243">type</typeStatus>
locality could be wrong, as it is the case for several localities given by Adanson (see
<bibRefCitation id="2442C4B40C6E523AFCA2B148FBAEF8F4" author="Madsen" box="[857,1054,1841,1868]" firstAuthor="Madsen" page="205" pageId="32" pageNumber="243" pagination="167 - 222" refId="ref14563" refString="MADSEN F. J. 1950. - The echinoderms collected by the Atlantide expedition. 1. Asteroidea. Atlantide Report 1: 167 - 222." type="book chapter" year="1950">Madsen 1950: 205</bibRefCitation>
) and the
<typeStatus id="9F6807E70C6E523AFB86B14BFB66F8F4" box="[1149,1238,1842,1868]" pageId="32" pageNumber="243" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
most probably come from the West Indies. In fact,
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C6E523AFB98B12BFB42F8D3" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[1123,1266,1873,1899]" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="32" pageNumber="243" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
<emphasis id="72A765570C6E523AFB98B12BFB42F8D3" box="[1123,1266,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="243">L. senegalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a shallow water species from western Atlantic. Note that the MNHN has a third specimen of
<taxonomicName id="87D3C2C60C6E523AFC09B1EBFB34F813" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[1010,1156,1937,1963]" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="32" pageNumber="243" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
<emphasis id="72A765570C6E523AFC09B1EBFB34F813" box="[1010,1156,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="243">L. senegalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, also collected by Adanson. It belonged to the Michelin collection and was presumably not seen by Lamarck.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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