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<mods:title id="0D067DE14C34F2A9C68C3D9CF922EEB1">The milliped family Trichopetalidae, Part 1: Introduction and Genera Trigenotyla Causey, Nannopetalum n. gen., and Causeyella n. gen. (Diplopoda: Chordeumatida, Cleidogonoidea)</mods:title>
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF803D0A982F11C9FDE4FBBD" ID-CoL="7PPQM" box="[351,532,1004,1030]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Nannopetalum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nannopetalum</taxonomicName>
,
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new
</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF803D0A98781612FECCFBEB" box="[264,316,1079,1104]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Type</typeStatus>
species
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:
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<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF803D0A98DA1612FCFEFBEB" box="[426,782,1079,1104]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Nannopetalum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pattersonorum" status="sp. nov.">Nannopetalum pattersonorum</taxonomicName>
,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="569FD93CFF803D0A9A691612FCA8FBEA" box="[793,856,1079,1105]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF803D0A987816A2FE24FB1B" box="[264,468,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Included species:</emphasis>
In addition to the
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,
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<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF803D0A9B9D16A2FC7EFB1B" box="[749,910,1159,1184]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Nannopetalum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vespertilio" status="sp. nov.">N. vespertilio</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="569FD93CFF803D0A9AEA16A2FC2AFB1A" box="[922,986,1159,1185]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, and
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<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF803D0A9D6916A2FB8FFB1B" box="[1049,1151,1159,1184]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Nannopetalum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fontis" status="sp. nov.">N. fontis</taxonomicName>
,
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<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF803D0A9848168AFE32FAFA" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
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<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF803D0A9848168AFE49FB73" box="[312,441,1199,1224]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Like
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<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF803D0A9B77168AFD42FB73" box="[519,690,1199,1224]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Trichopetalum</emphasis>
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, members of this genus have 28 segments in both sexes, but differ in the structure of the gonopods; the mesal branch of the angiocoxite shows complex branching. Species of
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF803D0A9BA416DAFC28FAA3" box="[724,984,1279,1304]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF803D0A9BA416DAFCA9FAA3" box="[724,857,1279,1304]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Causeyella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Causeyella</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF803D0A9A1616DAFC28FAA3" box="[870,984,1279,1304]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Scoterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Scoterpes</taxonomicName>
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and
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF803D0A9D6516DAFB6CFAA3" box="[1045,1180,1279,1304]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF803D0A9D6516DAFB6CFAA3" box="[1045,1180,1279,1304]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Trigenotyla</emphasis>
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all have 30 trunk segments.
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<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF803D0A9848176AFE21FAD3" box="[312,465,1359,1384]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Distribution:</emphasis>
Known from localities in the Appalachian Piedmont in Virginia, North Carolina and Alabama.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF803D0A984817BAFBE8F89A" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF803D0A984817BAFDB1F9E2" blockId="12.[264,1323,1159,1825]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF803D0A984817BAFE48FA03" box="[312,440,1439,1464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Discussion</emphasis>
: These small millipeds are easily overlooked by collectors; I would expect at least several more species to turn up as the Piedmont region is sampled more thoroughly by various extraction methods. While
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF803D0A9BA217CAFC51F9B3" box="[722,929,1519,1544]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Nannopetalum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pattersonorum">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF803D0A9BA217CAFC51F9B3" box="[722,929,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">N. pattersonorum</emphasis>
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is found in forest litter of at least two distinct habitats and has eyes, the other two species, depigmented and eyeless, have been collected from caves.
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF803D0A98481442FE14F93B" box="[312,484,1639,1664]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Nannopetalum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF803D0A98481442FE14F93B" box="[312,484,1639,1664]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nannopetalum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as now comprised may not be monophyletic; each species has its peculiarities and may be assigned later to as yet undiagnosed genera when we know more about the tiny chordeumatids of the region.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF803D0A984814FAFBE8F89A" blockId="12.[264,1323,1159,1825]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">The fimbriae referred to in the descriptions below are exaggerations of the trichomes found on the anterior faces of the gonopods of other trichopetalids.</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF813D0B98781083FD87FD7B" ID-CoL="45MLH" box="[264,631,678,704]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Nannopetalum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pattersonorum" status="sp. nov.">Nannopetalum pattersonorum</taxonomicName>
,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="569FD93CFF813D0B9BF41083FD36FD7B" box="[644,710,678,704]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF813D0B987810ECFE84FD58" box="[264,372,713,739]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="14.[264,382,1562,1586]" captionTargetBox="[326,1258,313,1561]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Nannopetalum pattersonorum, n. sp. 1, gonopod complex, ventral view (SEM). 2, gonopods, anterior view. 3, gonopod colopocoxites, anterior view. 4, male ninth legpair, posterior view. Scale lines = 0.1 mm (100 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168791/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 1–4</figureCitation>
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:
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Male
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF813D0B98D4113CFDFEFC88" box="[420,526,793,819]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
,
<specimenCount id="69DE73DCFF813D0B9B6B113CFD9DFC88" box="[539,621,793,819]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="male">2 male</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF813D0B9B06113CFD16FC88" box="[630,742,793,819]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
and
<specimenCount id="69DE73DCFF813D0B9A54113CFC7CFC88" box="[804,908,793,819]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="female">3 female</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF813D0B9AE6113CFBF6FC88" box="[918,1030,793,819]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(FMNH) from Virginia, Prince Edward County, Hampden­Sydney College campus, Wilson Trail, near stream in maple­sycamore litter, collected
<date id="0B669E95FF813D0B9BEE114CFC8EFC38" box="[670,894,873,899]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1988-12-07">7 December 1988</date>
by W. A. Shear. Male
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF813D0B9DB6114CFADBFC38" box="[1222,1323,873,899]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(FMNH) from same locality, but behind Gilmer Hall, in pine bark­fern litter, collected
<date id="0B669E95FF813D0B9C7D11B4FE36FC68" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1987-11-15">15 November 1987</date>
by W. A. Shear.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF813D0B984811C4FE38FB98" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF813D0B984811C4FE38FB98" blockId="13.[264,1324,793,1899]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF813D0B984811C4FE49FC41" box="[312,441,993,1018]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
a larger species of
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF813D0B9BDD11C4FCAAFC41" box="[685,858,993,1018]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Nannopetalum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF813D0B9BDD11C4FCAAFC41" box="[685,858,993,1018]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nannopetalum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with seven (rarely six) ocelli on each side of the head.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF813D0B98481614FCF2FBC8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF813D0B98481614FCF2FBC8" blockId="13.[264,1324,793,1899]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF813D0B98481614FE4EFBF1" box="[312,446,1073,1098]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Etymology:</emphasis>
Named for Mr. and Mrs. Charles Patterson, whose generous bequest to Hampden­Sydney College aided this work.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF813D0B984816A4FCC8F970" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF813D0B984816A4FECFFA80" blockId="13.[264,1324,793,1899]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF813D0B984816A4FE1CFB21" box="[312,492,1153,1178]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Male
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF813D0B980D16A4FE15FB21" box="[381,485,1153,1178]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
Total length, 6.2 mm; width, 0.6 mm. Seven ocelli in T­shaped rows. Unpigmented. Segmental setae 50% body width. Segments with pronounced lateral striations; segmental shoulders moderately developed. Legpairs 3–7 enlarged, pairs 3 and 4 the most robust, pairs 5 to 7 more slender but still markedly larger than postgonopodal legs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF813D0B9848176CFC26F9C0" blockId="13.[264,1324,793,1899]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Gonopods (
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF813D0B98B0176CFDDDFAD8" box="[448,557,1353,1379]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="14.[264,382,1562,1586]" captionTargetBox="[326,1258,313,1561]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Nannopetalum pattersonorum, n. sp. 1, gonopod complex, ventral view (SEM). 2, gonopods, anterior view. 3, gonopod colopocoxites, anterior view. 4, male ninth legpair, posterior view. Scale lines = 0.1 mm (100 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168791/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 1–3</figureCitation>
) small, partly concealed. Sternal lobes moderately developed (
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF813D0B9C68176CFADAFAD9" box="[1304,1322,1353,1378]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">s,</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF813D0B98781754FEBDFA30" box="[264,333,1393,1419]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="14.[264,382,1562,1586]" captionTargetBox="[326,1258,313,1561]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Nannopetalum pattersonorum, n. sp. 1, gonopod complex, ventral view (SEM). 2, gonopods, anterior view. 3, gonopod colopocoxites, anterior view. 4, male ninth legpair, posterior view. Scale lines = 0.1 mm (100 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168791/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Coxae (
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF813D0B98BE1754FE00FA31" box="[462,496,1393,1418]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">cc,</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF813D0B98881754FDCCFA30" box="[504,572,1393,1419]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="14.[264,382,1562,1586]" captionTargetBox="[326,1258,313,1561]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Nannopetalum pattersonorum, n. sp. 1, gonopod complex, ventral view (SEM). 2, gonopods, anterior view. 3, gonopod colopocoxites, anterior view. 4, male ninth legpair, posterior view. Scale lines = 0.1 mm (100 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168791/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) with 2 lateral setae each on moderate shoulders; angiocoxites (
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF813D0B986217BCFECBFA09" box="[274,315,1433,1458]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">acx</emphasis>
,
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF813D0B983C17BCFE61FA08" box="[332,401,1433,1459]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="14.[264,382,1562,1586]" captionTargetBox="[326,1258,313,1561]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Nannopetalum pattersonorum, n. sp. 1, gonopod complex, ventral view (SEM). 2, gonopods, anterior view. 3, gonopod colopocoxites, anterior view. 4, male ninth legpair, posterior view. Scale lines = 0.1 mm (100 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168791/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) strongly projecting basally, basal half set with typical trichomes, becoming longer distolaterally; 3 basal setae; anterior process with 5–6 coarse teeth, 4 apical setae; posterior process mesal, subtriangular, posteriorly curved. Fimbriate branch reduced. Colpocoxites (
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF813D0B98C61434FE20F991" box="[438,464,1553,1578]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">cc</emphasis>
,
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF813D0B98921434FDD9F990" box="[482,553,1553,1579]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="14.[264,382,1562,1586]" captionTargetBox="[326,1258,313,1561]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Nannopetalum pattersonorum, n. sp. 1, gonopod complex, ventral view (SEM). 2, gonopods, anterior view. 3, gonopod colopocoxites, anterior view. 4, male ninth legpair, posterior view. Scale lines = 0.1 mm (100 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168791/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF813D0B9B4B1434FD72F990" box="[571,642,1553,1579]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="14.[264,382,1562,1586]" captionTargetBox="[326,1258,313,1561]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Nannopetalum pattersonorum, n. sp. 1, gonopod complex, ventral view (SEM). 2, gonopods, anterior view. 3, gonopod colopocoxites, anterior view. 4, male ninth legpair, posterior view. Scale lines = 0.1 mm (100 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168791/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) lobelike, squarish, small plumose processes on anterior faces. Ninth legs (
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF813D0B9890141CFDD8F9E8" box="[480,552,1593,1619]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="14.[264,382,1562,1586]" captionTargetBox="[326,1258,313,1561]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Nannopetalum pattersonorum, n. sp. 1, gonopod complex, ventral view (SEM). 2, gonopods, anterior view. 3, gonopod colopocoxites, anterior view. 4, male ninth legpair, posterior view. Scale lines = 0.1 mm (100 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168791/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) as usual for the family; coxae slightly excavated on mesal side. Legpairs 10 and 11 with coxal glands, otherwise unmodified.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF813D0B984814ACFCC8F970" blockId="13.[264,1324,793,1899]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF813D0B984814ACFDF0F919" box="[312,512,1673,1698]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Female
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF813D0B98E814ACFDF0F919" box="[408,512,1673,1698]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: Total length 8.0 mm (extended specimens); width, 0.7 mm. Ocelli 7, curved row of 6, plus one out­of­row ocellus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF813D0B984814FCFD85F8D0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF813D0B984814FCFD85F8D0" blockId="13.[264,1324,793,1899]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF813D0B984814FCFE21F949" box="[312,465,1753,1778]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Distribution:</emphasis>
Definitely known only from the Hampden­Sydney College campus, but six females taken in Prince Edward Co., Virginia, along the Bush River 3.2 miles northwest of Meherrin, from beech litter, conform to this species. These specimens were collected by me on
<date id="0B669E95FF813D0B98BA1574FD81F8D0" box="[458,625,1873,1899]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1977-05-15">May 15, 1977</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="2BA7E8DDFF823D089878143FFD51F9CC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168791/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" targetBox="[326,1258,313,1561]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF823D089878143FFD51F9CC" blockId="14.[264,1325,1562,1655]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF823D089878143FFE43F989" bold="true" box="[264,435,1562,1586]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURES 1–4.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF823D0898CA143EFCF1F989" box="[442,769,1563,1586]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF823D0898CA143EFD0DF989" box="[442,765,1563,1586]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Nannopetalum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pattersonorum" status="sp. nov.">Nannopetalum pattersonorum</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="569FD93CFF823D089A76143EFCCFF989" box="[774,831,1563,1586]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
1, gonopod complex, ventral view (SEM). 2, gonopods, anterior view. 3, gonopod colopocoxites, anterior view. 4, male ninth legpair, posterior view. Scale lines = 0.1 mm (100 µm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF823D08984814E8FD82F8E4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF823D08984814E8FD82F8E4" blockId="14.[264,1323,1741,1887]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF823D08984814E8FE33F95D" box="[312,451,1741,1766]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Discussion:</emphasis>
Despite repeated sampling over the years of the exact spot where the
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF823D089D9D14E8FADBF95C" box="[1261,1323,1741,1767]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">types</typeStatus>
were collected, no further material came to light; however, none of these later samples were taken in winter. Finally, in January, 2003, a sample from the
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF823D089D6E1538FBA1F88C" box="[1054,1105,1821,1847]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">type</typeStatus>
locality contained a single male and two females.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

244
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<mods:title id="673FD601D86CF843EAD57B2B7EF00182">The milliped family Trichopetalidae, Part 1: Introduction and Genera Trigenotyla Causey, Nannopetalum n. gen., and Causeyella n. gen. (Diplopoda: Chordeumatida, Cleidogonoidea)</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF833D0998781339FE84FEE2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF833D0998781339FD61FE8E" blockId="15.[264,657,283,345]" box="[264,657,283,310]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<heading id="242F0F39FF833D0998781339FD61FE8E" bold="true" box="[264,657,283,310]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="1">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF833D0998781339FD61FE8E" bold="true" box="[264,657,283,310]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF833D0998781339FDB7FE8D" bold="true" box="[264,583,284,310]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF833D0998781339FDB1FE8D" box="[264,577,284,310]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Nannopetalum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vespertilio" status="sp. nov.">Nannopetalum vespertilio</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="569FD93CFF833D099B3E133EFD61FE8E" box="[590,657,283,309]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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<paragraph id="7F67B855FF833D099878131AFE84FEE2" blockId="15.[264,657,283,345]" box="[264,372,319,345]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF833D099878131AFE84FEE2" box="[264,372,319,345]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 7" captionStartId="15.[264,382,1603,1627]" captionTargetBox="[300,1281,1072,1592]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[294,1292,1060,1598]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 7. Nannopetalum vespertilio, n. sp. 5, gonopods, anterior view. 6, angiocoxite, mesal view. 7. male left ninth leg telopodite, anterior view. Scale lines = 0.1 mm (100 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157037/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs. 5–7</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF833D09987813A1FCF5FE7D" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF833D09987813A1FCF5FE7D" blockId="15.[264,1323,388,1014]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF833D09987813A1FEA2FE26" box="[264,338,388,413]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF833D09987813A1FEB8FE26" box="[264,328,388,413]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Types</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
Male
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF833D0998D713A1FDFEFE25" box="[423,526,388,414]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
from North Carolina: Henderson Co., Bat Cave, collected in the cave
<date id="0B669E95FF833D0998351389FE11FE7D" box="[325,481,428,454]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1977-05-14">14 May 1977</date>
by C. Holler (NCMNS).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF833D09984813F1FD99FDAD" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF833D09984813F1FD99FDAD" blockId="15.[264,1323,388,1014]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF833D09984813F1FE49FE56" box="[312,441,468,493]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
A very small species of
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF833D099B9913F1FC6DFE56" box="[745,925,468,493]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF833D099B9913F1FC69FE56" box="[745,921,468,493]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Nannopetalum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nannopetalum</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
lacking ocelli; the gonopod fimbriae are large and prominent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF833D0998481001FE96FDDD" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF833D0998481001FE96FDDD" blockId="15.[264,1323,388,1014]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF833D0998481001FE4EFD86" box="[312,446,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Etymology:</emphasis>
The species epithet is a noun in apposition, “bat”, and refers to the
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF833D099D861001FAD8FD85" box="[1270,1320,548,574]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF833D0998481051FDFAF97E" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF833D0998481051FD9EFCBD" blockId="15.[264,1323,388,1014]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF833D0998481051FE1DFD36" box="[312,493,628,653]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Male
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF833D09980E1051FE16FD36" box="[382,486,628,653]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
Total length, 3.8 mm; width 0.4 mm. Ocelli absent. Unpigmented. Segmental setae 80% or more of body width, thin and curved; lacking prominent segmental striations; segmental shoulders well­developed, paranota­like. Legpairs three to seven encrassate, pair six the largest.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF833D0998481131FB5FFC4D" blockId="15.[264,1323,388,1014]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Gonopods (
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF833D0998B11131FDF8FC95" box="[449,520,788,814]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 7" captionStartId="15.[264,382,1603,1627]" captionTargetBox="[300,1281,1072,1592]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[294,1292,1060,1598]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 7. Nannopetalum vespertilio, n. sp. 5, gonopods, anterior view. 6, angiocoxite, mesal view. 7. male left ninth leg telopodite, anterior view. Scale lines = 0.1 mm (100 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157037/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) with sternal lobes much reduced, shifted laterally; coxae with fimbriations becoming larger distally, eventually forming long, branched process; mesal setal group of three on each side shifted laterally; angiocoxites slender, median process short, acute, lateral process blunt, with two thin apical branches (
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF833D099A9111A9FBDEFC1D" box="[993,1070,908,934]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 7" captionStartId="15.[264,382,1603,1627]" captionTargetBox="[300,1281,1072,1592]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[294,1292,1060,1598]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 7. Nannopetalum vespertilio, n. sp. 5, gonopods, anterior view. 6, angiocoxite, mesal view. 7. male left ninth leg telopodite, anterior view. Scale lines = 0.1 mm (100 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157037/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
); colpocoxites much reduced but with large fimbirate branches that appear to be basally fused. Ninth legs (
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF833D099D8B1191FEE7FC4D" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 7" captionStartId="15.[264,382,1603,1627]" captionTargetBox="[300,1281,1072,1592]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[294,1292,1060,1598]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 7. Nannopetalum vespertilio, n. sp. 5, gonopods, anterior view. 6, angiocoxite, mesal view. 7. male left ninth leg telopodite, anterior view. Scale lines = 0.1 mm (100 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157037/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
) typical; tenth and eleventh legpairs with coxal glands, otherwise unmodified.
</paragraph>
<caption id="2BA7E8DDFF833D0998781466FB11F9C6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157037/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" targetBox="[300,1281,1072,1592]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF833D0998781466FB11F9C6" blockId="15.[264,1323,1603,1661]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF833D0998781466FE47F9E0" bold="true" box="[264,439,1603,1627]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURES 5–7.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF833D0998BA1466FD18F9E1" box="[458,744,1603,1626]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF833D0998BA1466FD14F9E1" box="[458,740,1603,1626]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Nannopetalum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vespertilio" status="sp. nov.">Nannopetalum vespertilio</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="569FD93CFF833D099B8C1466FCC8F9E1" box="[764,824,1603,1626]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
5, gonopods, anterior view. 6, angiocoxite, mesal view. 7. male left ninth leg telopodite, anterior view. Scale lines = 0.1 mm (100 µm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF833D099848148EFDFAF97E" blockId="15.[264,1322,1707,1893]" box="[312,522,1707,1733]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Female unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF833D09984814F6FC05F8DE" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF833D09984814F6FE44F8AE" blockId="15.[264,1322,1707,1893]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF833D09984814F6FE21F957" box="[312,465,1747,1772]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Distribution:</emphasis>
Known only from Bat Cave, an unusual granite fissure cave not located in a karst area.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF833D0998481506FC05F8DE" blockId="15.[264,1322,1707,1893]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF833D0998481506FE74F887" box="[312,388,1827,1852]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Notes:</emphasis>
It is not at all clear if this species is really troglobitic. It is the smallest known trichopetalid and one of the smallest of all chilognath millipeds.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF9C3D1698781339FEBCFEE5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF9C3D1698781339FEBCFEE5" blockId="16.[264,600,283,350]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9C3D1698781339FDA1FE8E" bold="true" box="[264,593,283,310]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9C3D1698781339FDF8FE8D" box="[264,520,284,310]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Nannopetalum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fontis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9C3D1698781339FDF8FE8D" bold="true" box="[264,520,284,310]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nannopetalum fontis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="569FD93CFF9C3D169B66133EFDA1FE8E" box="[534,593,283,309]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">n. sp</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
.
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF9C3D1698781361FEBCFEE5" box="[264,332,324,350]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[264,368,1571,1595]" captionTargetBox="[299,1297,1029,1570]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[287,1300,1004,1581]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Gonopods and ninth legs of Nannopetalum fontis, n. sp. Scale line = 0.1 mm (100 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157038/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF9C3D16987813A2FB2FFE72" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF9C3D16987813A2FB2FFE72" blockId="16.[264,1323,391,977]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9C3D16987813A2FEB7FE1B" box="[264,327,391,416]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF9C3D16987813A2FECCFE1B" box="[264,316,391,416]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Type</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
Male
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF9C3D1698E613A2FE0DFE1A" box="[406,509,391,417]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and female
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF9C3D169BFF13A2FD04FE1A" box="[655,756,391,417]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
from Alabama: St. Clair Co., Springville Cave, Springville, collected
<date id="0B669E95FF9C3D169B7A138AFD57FE72" box="[522,679,431,457]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1962-05-31">31 May 1962</date>
by person or persons unknown (“DZ”) (
<collectionCode id="19C92090FF9C3D169DF2138AFB22FE72" box="[1154,1234,431,457]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jekt-x82m" name="Florida State Collection of Arthropods, The Museum of Entomology" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FSCA</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF9C3D16984813F2FC71FDA2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF9C3D16984813F2FC71FDA2" blockId="16.[264,1323,391,977]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9C3D16984813F2FE49FE4B" box="[312,441,471,496]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Small, eyeless species with complex gonopods, especially the posterior branch; the gonopods have strongly reduced fimbriae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF9C3D1698481002FDC3FDD2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF9C3D1698481002FDC3FDD2" blockId="16.[264,1323,391,977]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9C3D1698481002FE4FFDFB" box="[312,447,551,576]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Etymology:</emphasis>
The species epithet is a noun, Latin for “of the spring or fountain,” and refers to the
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF9C3D1698EB106AFE3DFDD2" box="[411,461,591,617]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF9C3D1698481052FE97F94B" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF9C3D1698481052FBD1FD5A" blockId="16.[264,1323,391,977]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9C3D1698481052FE1DFD2B" box="[312,493,631,656]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Male
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF9C3D16980E1052FE16FD2B" box="[382,486,631,656]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
Total length, 4.75 mm; width 0.5 mm. Unpigmented; eyeless. Segments without evident lateral striations; segmental shoulders moderately developed. Legpairs 3–6 only slightly enlarged, legpair 7 about equal to legpair 12.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF9C3D16984810CAFE02FC6A" blockId="16.[264,1323,391,977]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Gonopods (
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF9C3D1698B010CAFDF6FCB2" box="[448,518,751,777]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[264,368,1571,1595]" captionTargetBox="[299,1297,1029,1570]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[287,1300,1004,1581]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Gonopods and ninth legs of Nannopetalum fontis, n. sp. Scale line = 0.1 mm (100 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157038/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
) with reduced coxosternum. Coxae (
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9C3D169AC810CAFC35FCB3" box="[952,965,751,776]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">c</emphasis>
) with median group of 2 setae shifted to posterior position, lateral group of 3 setae on prominent shoulders; angiocoxite branch complex (
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9C3D1698AE111AFE09FCE3" box="[478,505,831,856]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ac</emphasis>
), with 4 terminations; anterior fimbriae reduced to a few hardly visible scales. Colpocoxites (
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9C3D169B4E1142FDA8FC3B" box="[574,600,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">cc</emphasis>
) simple, large, lobe­like; fimbriate branch not seen. Ninth legs (
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9C3D16983B11AAFE92FC13" box="[331,354,911,936]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">t9</emphasis>
) typical; prefemur with small terminal nubbin. Legpairs 10 and 11 with glands, coxae not modified.
</paragraph>
<caption id="2BA7E8DDFF9C3D1698781406FECCF9E6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157038/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" targetBox="[299,1297,1029,1570]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF9C3D1698781406FECCF9E6" blockId="16.[264,1322,1571,1629]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9C3D1698781406FE7DF980" bold="true" box="[264,397,1571,1595]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
Gonopods and ninth legs of
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9C3D169BAA1401FC32F980" box="[730,962,1572,1595]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9C3D169BAA1401FC4EF980" box="[730,958,1572,1595]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Nannopetalum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fontis" status="sp. nov.">Nannopetalum fontis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="569FD93CFF9C3D169ABB1401FBF7F980" box="[971,1031,1572,1595]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Scale line = 0.1 mm (100 µm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF9C3D169848148AFE97F94B" blockId="16.[264,1325,1710,1896]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9C3D169848148AFDF8F973" box="[312,520,1711,1736]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Female
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF9C3D1698E6148AFDF2F973" box="[406,514,1711,1736]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
Total length, 4.5 mm; width, 0.5 mm. All somatic characters similar to male.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF9C3D17984814DAFDC1FE15" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF9C3D16984814DAFC62F8A3" blockId="16.[264,1325,1710,1896]" box="[312,914,1790,1816]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9C3D16984814DAFE21F8A3" box="[312,465,1791,1816]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Distribution:</emphasis>
Known only from the
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF9C3D169BAD14DBFCE0F8A3" box="[733,784,1790,1816]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
collection.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF9C3D1798481502FDC1FE15" blockId="16.[264,1325,1710,1896]" lastBlockId="17.[264,1323,284,430]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9C3D1698481502FE74F8FB" box="[312,388,1831,1856]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Notes:</emphasis>
The general appearance of members of this species is that of troglobites. In the vial with the
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF9C3D1698D1156BFE24F8D3" box="[417,468,1870,1896]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
specimens were a female and an immature specimen of
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9C3D169D16156AFB10F8D3" box="[1126,1248,1871,1896]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9C3D169D16156AFB2CF8D3" box="[1126,1244,1871,1896]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Scoterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Scoterpes</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
There are no other records of
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9D3D179B691339FD7BFE8E" box="[537,651,284,309]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Scoterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9D3D179B691339FD7BFE8E" box="[537,651,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Scoterpes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Springville Cave, and the only species found in the vicinity is
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9D3D1798FA1361FD6BFEE5" authority="Shear" authorityName="Shear" box="[394,667,324,350]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trichopetalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="syntheticum">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9D3D1798FA1361FDC7FEE6" box="[394,567,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. syntheticum</emphasis>
(Shear)
</taxonomicName>
. If the presence of a
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9D3D179ADC1361FBEEFEE6" box="[940,1054,324,349]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Scoterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9D3D179ADC1361FBEEFEE6" box="[940,1054,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Scoterpes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in Springville Cave can be verified, this would be the first and only known case of syntopy between two troglobitic trichopetalids.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<heading id="242F0F39FF873D0D987817CAFD19F9B2" bold="true" box="[264,745,1519,1545]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="1">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF873D0D987817CAFD19F9B2" bold="true" box="[264,745,1519,1545]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Family
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF873D0D981717CAFD19F9B2" ID-CoL="7NLDS" authority="Verhoeff, 1914" authorityName="Verhoeff" authorityYear="1914" box="[359,745,1519,1545]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Trichopetalidae
<bibRefCitation id="1B49C5A4FF873D0D9B4317CAFD19F9B2" author="Verhoeff" box="[563,745,1519,1545]" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" refString="Verhoeff, K. W. (1914) Ascospermophoren aus Japan. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 43, 125 - 143." type="journal article" year="1914">Verhoeff, 1914</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF873D0D98781469FD7BF9D8" blockId="11.[264,1232,1612,1667]" box="[264,651,1612,1635]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Trichopetalinae
<bibRefCitation id="1B49C5A4FF873D0D98C51469FDA8F9D8" author="Verhoeff" box="[437,600,1612,1635]" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" refString="Verhoeff, K. W. (1914) Ascospermophoren aus Japan. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 43, 125 - 143." type="journal article" year="1914">Verhoeff, 1914</bibRefCitation>
:347.
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="7F67B855FF873D0D98781449FB20F938" blockId="11.[264,1232,1612,1667]" box="[264,1232,1644,1667]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="5FC89F7BFF873D0D98781449FB20F938" box="[264,1232,1644,1667]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF873D0D98781449FD76F938" ID-CoL="7NLDS" authority="Verhoeff, 1932:485" authorityName="Verhoeff" authorityPageNumber="485" authorityYear="1932" box="[264,646,1644,1667]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Trichopetalidae
<treatmentCitation id="FE799E44FF873D0D98C51449FD76F938" author="Verhoeff" box="[437,646,1644,1667]" page="485" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1932">
<bibRefCitation id="1B49C5A4FF873D0D98C51449FDA8F938" author="Verhoeff" box="[437,600,1644,1667]" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" refString="Verhoeff, K. W. (1932) Diplopoden-Beitrage. (124. Diplopoden-Aufsatz.) Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Sytematik, 62, 459 - 524." type="journal article" year="1932">Verhoeff, 1932</bibRefCitation>
:485
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</taxonomicName>
.
<treatmentCitation id="FE799E44FF873D0D9BE11449FC96F938" author="Hoffman" box="[657,870,1644,1667]" page="262" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1961">
<bibRefCitation id="1B49C5A4FF873D0D9BE11449FCC5F938" author="Hoffman" box="[657,821,1644,1667]" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" refString="Hoffman, R. L. (1961) Systematic and morphological notes on North American conotylid Diplopoda. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 87, 259 - 272." type="journal article" year="1961">Hoffman, 1961</bibRefCitation>
:262
</treatmentCitation>
; 1999:233 (list).
<treatmentCitation id="FE799E44FF873D0D9D6B1449FB3DF938" author="Shear" box="[1051,1229,1644,1667]" page="274" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1972">
<bibRefCitation id="1B49C5A4FF873D0D9D6B1449FB6DF938" author="Shear" box="[1051,1181,1644,1667]" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" refString="Shear, W. A. (1972) Studies in the milliped Order Chordeumida (Diplopoda): a revision of the Family Cleidogonidae and a reclassification of the Order Chordeumida in the New World. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 144, 151 - 352." type="journal article" year="1972">Shear, 1972</bibRefCitation>
:274
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="7F67B855FF873D0D98781491FD17F975" blockId="11.[264,1323,1716,1902]" box="[264,743,1716,1742]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF873D0D98781491FE7AF976" box="[264,394,1716,1741]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF873D0D98781491FECFF976" box="[264,319,1716,1741]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Type</typeStatus>
genus
</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF873D0D98EA1491FD13F975" authority="Harger 1872" authorityName="Harger" authorityYear="1872" box="[410,739,1716,1742]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trichopetalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF873D0D98EA1491FDB5F976" box="[410,581,1716,1741]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Trichopetalum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1B49C5A4FF873D0D9B3D1491FD13F975" author="Harger" box="[589,739,1716,1742]" pageId="11" pageNumber="35" refString="Harger, O. (1872) Descriptions of new North American myriapods. American Journal of Sciences and Arts, 4, 117 - 121." type="journal article" year="1872">Harger 1872</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF873D0A984814F9FECCFEE5" blockId="11.[264,1323,1716,1902]" lastBlockId="12.[264,1323,284,910]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF873D0D984814F9FE07F94E" box="[312,503,1756,1781]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Included genera</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF873D0D9B7714F9FCBEF94D" authority="Harger 1872" authorityName="Harger" authorityYear="1872" box="[519,846,1756,1782]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trichopetalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF873D0D9B7714F9FD42F94E" box="[519,690,1756,1781]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Trichopetalum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1B49C5A4FF873D0D9BC914F9FCBEF94D" author="Harger" box="[697,846,1756,1782]" pageId="11" pageNumber="35" refString="Harger, O. (1872) Descriptions of new North American myriapods. American Journal of Sciences and Arts, 4, 117 - 121." type="journal article" year="1872">Harger 1872</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF873D0D9A2B14F9FBA6F94D" authority="Cope 1872" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1872" box="[859,1110,1756,1782]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Scoterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF873D0D9A2B14F9FC3DF94E" box="[859,973,1756,1781]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Scoterpes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1B49C5A4FF873D0D9AA414F9FBA6F94D" author="Cope" box="[980,1110,1756,1782]" pageId="11" pageNumber="35" refString="Cope, E. D. (1872) On the Wyandotte Cave and its fauna. American Naturalist, 6, 406 - 422." type="journal article" year="1872">Cope 1872</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF873D0D9D1314F9FE83F8A5" authority="Causey 1951" authorityName="Causey" authorityYear="1951" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF873D0D9D1314F9FB19F94E" box="[1123,1257,1756,1781]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Trigenotyla</emphasis>
Causey 1951
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF873D0D98F01521FD55F8A5" authority="Causey 1963" authorityName="Causey" authorityYear="1963" box="[384,677,1796,1822]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Mexiterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF873D0D98F01521FDF3F8A6" box="[384,515,1796,1821]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Mexiterpes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1B49C5A4FF873D0D9B791521FD55F8A5" author="Causey" box="[521,677,1796,1822]" pageId="11" pageNumber="35" refString="Causey, Nell B. (1963) Mexiterpes sabinus, new genus and new species, a Mexican troglobite (Diplopoda: Trichopetalidae). Psyche, 70, 235 - 239." type="journal article" year="1963">Causey 1963</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF873D0D9BC01521FCC2F8A6" box="[688,818,1796,1821]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Causeyella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF873D0D9BC01521FCC2F8A6" box="[688,818,1796,1821]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Causeyella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="569FD93CFF873D0D9A4A1521FC7BF8A5" box="[826,907,1796,1822]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF873D0D9AE71521FBB3F8A6" box="[919,1091,1796,1821]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Nannopetalum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF873D0D9AE71521FBB3F8A6" box="[919,1091,1796,1821]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nannopetalum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="569FD93CFF873D0D9D3B1521FB6AF8A5" box="[1099,1178,1796,1822]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF873D0D98481509FE5FF8FE" box="[312,431,1836,1861]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: A family of Cleidogonoidea distinct in the modification of the ninth legs of males­­reduction of the telopodite to a single fused article; great development of the segmental setae; and in the (usual) presence of a strong fimbriate branch on the anterior gonopod.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF803D0A98481349FE99FE45" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF803D0A98481349FE99FE45" blockId="12.[264,1323,284,910]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF803D0A98481349FE21FE3E" box="[312,465,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Distribution:</emphasis>
North
<collectingCountry id="07CFF8C5FF803D0A9B5E1349FD66FE3D" box="[558,662,364,390]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">America</collectingCountry>
, from Newfoundland west to Wisconsin and south to
<collectingCountry id="07CFF8C5FF803D0A987813B1FE99FE15" box="[264,361,404,430]" name="Georgia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Georgia</collectingCountry>
, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas and Oklahoma (not present on the coastal plain from Virginia to
<collectingCountry id="07CFF8C5FF803D0A98BF1399FDDDFE6D" box="[463,557,444,470]" name="Georgia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Georgia</collectingCountry>
or the Gulf Coastal Plain), highlands of northeastern and central
<collectingCountry id="07CFF8C5FF803D0A987813C1FE95FE45" box="[264,357,484,510]" name="Mexico" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mexico</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF803D0A98481029FC06FC35" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF803D0A98481029FC06FC35" blockId="12.[264,1323,284,910]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF803D0A98481029FE33FD9E" box="[312,451,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Discussion:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1B49C5A4FF803D0A98A21029FD75FD9D" author="Causey" box="[466,645,524,550]" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" refString="Causey, N. B. (1959) A second species of the milliped genus Trigenotyla (Chordeumidea: Conotylidae: Trichopetalinae: Scoterpini). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 72, 75 - 78." type="journal article" year="1959">Causey (1959)</bibRefCitation>
established a tribe Scoterpini (
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF803D0A9D6A1029FBAEFD9E" box="[1050,1118,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">recte:</emphasis>
Scoterpetini) to include the genera
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF803D0A989C1011FDAEFDF6" box="[492,606,564,589]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Scoterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF803D0A989C1011FDAEFDF6" box="[492,606,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Scoterpes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF803D0A9BEB1011FCDAFDF6" box="[667,810,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF803D0A9BEB1011FCD3FDF6" box="[667,803,564,589]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trigenotyla</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
this was missed by Hoffman in his monumental
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF803D0A982F1079FC1EFDCE" box="[351,1006,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Checklist of the Millipeds of North and Middle
<collectingCountry id="07CFF8C5FF803D0A9AFB1079FC1EFDCE" box="[907,1006,604,629]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">America</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
(1999), although Causey’s paper appears in his bibliography. Otherwise no division of the family into subordinate family­level taxa has been made. Causey considered trichopetalids to be a subfamily of
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF803D0A987810F1FE67FD55" box="[264,407,724,750]" class="Diplopoda" family="Conotylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Conotylidae</taxonomicName>
(see Introduction, above); had she recognized the family
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF803D0A9D2110F1FAF8FD55" box="[1105,1288,724,750]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Trichopetalidae</taxonomicName>
as raised to that status by Verhoeff in 1932, she undoubtedly would have considered her tribe to be a subfamily. However, before deciding the validity of any subfamilial or tribal grouping of the trichopetalids, I would prefer to complete my work on the large genera
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF803D0A9D8E1169FE61FC36" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trichopetalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF803D0A9D8E1169FE61FC36" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Trichopetalum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF803D0A98BA1151FDB4FC36" box="[458,580,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF803D0A98BA1151FDCFFC36" box="[458,575,884,909]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Scoterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Scoterpes</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
to be published in a subsequent part.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<paragraph id="7F67B855FF903D1A9878105CFD7AFD28" blockId="28.[264,650,633,694]" box="[264,650,633,659]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<heading id="242F0F39FF903D1A9878105CFD7AFD28" bold="true" box="[264,650,633,659]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF903D1A9878105CFD7AFD28" ID-CoL="RXMM" authority="Loomis" authorityName="Loomis" box="[264,650,633,659]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Causeyella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dendropus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF903D1A9878105CFD7AFD28" bold="true" box="[264,650,633,659]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF903D1A9878105CFDE2FD28" bold="true" box="[264,530,633,659]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Causeyella dendropus</emphasis>
(Loomis)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF903D1A987810B9FEABFD0D" blockId="28.[264,650,633,694]" box="[264,347,668,694]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF903D1A987810B9FEABFD0D" box="[264,347,668,694]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 26" captionStartId="27.[264,382,1555,1579]" captionTargetBox="[278,1305,334,1536]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[273,1313,329,1544]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 26. Causeyella dendropus Loomis, 22, gonopods, anterior view. C. causeyae, n. sp., 23, 24. 23, gonopods, anterior view. 24, male ninth legs, anterior view. C. youngsteadtorum, n. sp., 25, 26. 25, gonopods, anterior view. 26, male ninth legs, anterior view. Scale lines = 0.1 mm (100 µm) for Figs. 22, 23, 25, 0.5 mm (500 µm) for Figs. 24, 26." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157043/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF903D1A987810FAFDDEFCDD" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF903D1A987810FAFCC2FD4E" blockId="28.[264,818,734,758]" box="[264,818,734,758]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="5FC89F7BFF903D1A987810FAFCC2FD4E" box="[264,818,734,758]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF903D1A987810FAFD5FFD4E" ID-CoL="4VXL8" authority="Loomis, 1939:181" authorityName="Loomis" authorityPageNumber="181" authorityYear="1939" box="[264,687,734,758]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Scoterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dendropus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF903D1A987810FAFE15FD4D" box="[264,485,735,758]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Scoterpes dendropus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="FE799E44FF903D1A989D10FBFD5FFD4E" author="Loomis" box="[493,687,734,757]" page="181" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1939">
<bibRefCitation id="1B49C5A4FF903D1A989D10FBFD75FD4E" author="Loomis" box="[493,645,734,757]" pageId="28" pageNumber="36" refString="Loomis, H. F. (1939) The millipeds collected in Appalachian caves by Mr. Kenneth Dearolf. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 86, 165 - 193." type="journal article" year="1939">Loomis, 1939</bibRefCitation>
:181
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–182, fig. 9.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF903D1A98781101FDDEFCDD" blockId="28.[264,1324,804,1870]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF903D1A98781101FEA2FC86" box="[264,338,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF903D1A98781101FEB8FC86" box="[264,328,804,829]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Types</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
Male
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF903D1A98D11101FDF7FC85" box="[417,519,804,830]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
from Marvel Cave, Stone Co., Missouri, collected
<date id="0B669E95FF903D1A9D171101FAF5FC85" box="[1127,1285,804,830]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="1938-06-27">27 June 1938</date>
by Kenneth Dearolf (MCZ).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF903D1A98481151FC02FC0D" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF903D1A98481151FC02FC0D" blockId="28.[264,1324,804,1870]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF903D1A98481151FE49FC36" box="[312,441,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Distinct from the two Arkansas species in having the colpocoxite branch finely fimbriate and the ectal coxite nearly as long as the mesal.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF903D1A984811E1FE76FA5D" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="description">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF903D1A984811E1FE8AFA2D" blockId="28.[264,1324,804,1870]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF903D1A984811E1FD94FC66" box="[312,612,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Male from Marvel Cave:</emphasis>
Length, 12.5 mm, width, 1.1 mm. Unpigmented, eyeless. Segmental shoulders well developed, paranota­like; segmental setae slightly more than half pleurotergal width. Pregonopodal legs slightly enlarged, no podomeres modified. Gonopods (
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF903D1A98E21619FE19FBED" box="[402,489,1084,1110]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 26" captionStartId="27.[264,382,1555,1579]" captionTargetBox="[278,1305,334,1536]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[273,1313,329,1544]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 26. Causeyella dendropus Loomis, 22, gonopods, anterior view. C. causeyae, n. sp., 23, 24. 23, gonopods, anterior view. 24, male ninth legs, anterior view. C. youngsteadtorum, n. sp., 25, 26. 25, gonopods, anterior view. 26, male ninth legs, anterior view. Scale lines = 0.1 mm (100 µm) for Figs. 22, 23, 25, 0.5 mm (500 µm) for Figs. 24, 26." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157043/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
) with large, bulbous coxae bearing fine, scale­like trichomes on anterior surfaces; coxal setae normal, acute, about 10 on each coxa, 3 basalmost form group slightly separated from others. Mesal coxites rodlike, evenly tapering, not spatulate, longer than ectal coxites. Ectal coxites basally broad in lateral view, with long anterior branch and two short posterior branches appearing as acute teeth. Fimbriate branch large, not extending anteriorly. Colpocoxites lobular, rounded, poorly sclerotized. Ninth legs typical, coxae laterally flattened, with vestigial glands, prefemora fusiform, small distal articles with distinct articulation and spine­like claw. Coxae 10 and 11 with glands, not modified.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF903D1A98481781FE76FA5D" blockId="28.[264,1324,804,1870]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF903D1A98481781FD86FA06" box="[312,630,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Female from Marvel Cave:</emphasis>
Total length,
<quantity id="B82015B0FF903D1A9A671781FC9CFA05" box="[791,876,1444,1470]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
, width 1.4 mm. Nonsexual characters as in male.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF903D1B984817D1FC33FC0D" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF903D1B984817D1FC33FC0D" blockId="28.[264,1324,804,1870]" lastBlockId="29.[264,1323,284,950]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF903D1A984817D1FE21F9B6" box="[312,465,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Distribution:</emphasis>
Specimens examined (all FSCA): MISSOURI:
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF903D1A9D6C17D1FB7EF9B6" box="[1052,1166,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Barry Co</emphasis>
,, Rockhouse Cave,
<date id="0B669E95FF903D1A98231439FE19F98D" box="[339,489,1564,1590]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="1959-09-07">7 Sept. 1959</date>
, J. Tocklen, male.
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF903D1A9BBD1439FCCEF98E" box="[717,830,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Stone Co.</emphasis>
, Marvel Cave,
<date id="0B669E95FF903D1A9A831439FB7DF98D" box="[1011,1165,1564,1590]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="1959-04-02">2 April 1959</date>
, T. C. Barr,
<specimenCount id="69DE73DCFF903D1A9C6B1439FEBFF9E5" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="male">6 males</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="69DE73DCFF903D1A98101461FE29F9E5" box="[352,473,1604,1630]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
; Gentry Cave,
<date id="0B669E95FF903D1A9BE71461FCC0F9E5" box="[663,816,1604,1630]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="1958-05-03">3 May 1958</date>
, no collector, male, female; Old Spanish Cave,
<date id="0B669E95FF903D1A98271449FDD5F93D" box="[343,549,1644,1670]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="1958-01-26">26 January 1958</date>
, T. C. Barr, female.
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF903D1A9A451449FC5DF93E" box="[821,941,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Taney Co.</emphasis>
: Tumbling Creek Cave, Ozark Underground Laboratory,
<date id="0B669E95FF903D1A9B4914B1FD27F915" box="[569,727,1684,1710]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="1969-06-21">21 June 1969</date>
, T. Aley, D. Walley, female. ARKANSAS:
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF903D1A9DA114B1FECBF96E" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Newton Co.:</emphasis>
Fitton Cave,
<date id="0B669E95FF903D1A98901499FD34F96D" box="[480,708,1724,1750]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="1963-12-14">14 December 1963</date>
, R. Martin, male;
<date id="0B669E95FF903D1A9AD01499FBB1F96D" box="[928,1089,1724,1750]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2001-05-13">13 May 2001</date>
, G. Greening
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF903D1A9D971499FADBF96E" box="[1255,1323,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.,</emphasis>
male. Literature records: MISSOURI:
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF903D1A9BA114C1FCB5F946" box="[721,837,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Barry Co.</emphasis>
: Buck Ridge Cave, Chimney Rock Cave, Sweet Potato Cave (
<bibRefCitation id="1B49C5A4FF903D1A98831529FD50F89D" author="Gardner" box="[499,672,1804,1830]" pageId="28" pageNumber="35" refString="Gardner, J. E. (1986) Invertebrate fauna from Missouri caves and springs. Missouri Department of Conservation, Natural History Series, 3, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1986">Gardner, 1986</bibRefCitation>
), Radium Cave (Elliott, 2002). The whereabouts of the specimens on which these records were based is not known, but they are within the range of
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF913D1B985C1339FE3BFE8E" box="[300,459,284,309]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Scoterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dendropus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF913D1B985C1339FE3BFE8E" box="[300,459,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C. dendropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and no other troglobitic trichopetalids occur in these counties. Sutton (1993) reported the species from Adams Cave #1, Oregon Co., but this is much closer to the range of
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF913D1B98D11349FDEDFE3E" box="[417,541,364,389]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Causeyella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="causeyi">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF913D1B98D11349FDEDFE3E" box="[417,541,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C. causeyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than it is to that of
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF913D1B9A7D1349FC60FE3E" box="[781,912,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF913D1B9A7D1349FC7BFE3E" box="[781,907,364,389]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Scoterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dendropus">dendropus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The specimen was immature and found in company with many more individuals of the widespread troglobitic tingupid milliped
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF913D1B983F1399FC1CFE6D" authority="Loomis. McDaniel and Smith (1976)" authorityName="Loomis. McDaniel and Smith" authorityYear="1976" box="[335,1004,444,470]" class="Diplopoda" family="Tingupidae" genus="Tingupa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallida">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF913D1B983F1399FDFEFE6E" box="[335,526,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Tingupa pallida</emphasis>
Loomis.
<bibRefCitation id="1B49C5A4FF913D1B9BE41399FC1CFE6D" author="McDaniel" box="[660,1004,444,470]" pageId="29" pageNumber="36" refString="McDaniel, L., Rick, V. &amp; Smith, K. L. (1976) Cave fauna of Arkansas: Selected invertebrate taxa. Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, 30, 57 - 60." type="journal article" year="1976">McDaniel and Smith (1976)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
recorded
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF913D1B9D1B1399FB16FE6E" box="[1131,1254,444,469]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Scoterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dendropus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF913D1B9D1B1399FB16FE6E" box="[1131,1254,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">dendropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Newton and Carroll Cos., Arkansas. I have not seen any specimens from Carroll Co., and aside from the general statement from
<bibRefCitation id="1B49C5A4FF913D1B9BA11029FBEFFD9D" author="McDaniel" box="[721,1055,524,550]" pageId="29" pageNumber="36" refString="McDaniel, L., Rick, V. &amp; Smith, K. L. (1976) Cave fauna of Arkansas: Selected invertebrate taxa. Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, 30, 57 - 60." type="journal article" year="1976">McDaniel and Smith (1976)</bibRefCitation>
, no detailed collection data. I was inclined to dismiss the Arkansas records of
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF913D1B9AE81011FBE3FDF6" box="[920,1043,564,589]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Scoterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dendropus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF913D1B9AE81011FBE3FDF6" box="[920,1043,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">dendropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as curatorial errors, but the discovery of a second male from Fitton Cave in 2001 seems to prove that
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF913D1B9DC01079FADAFDCE" box="[1200,1322,604,629]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Scoterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dendropus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF913D1B9DC01079FADAFDCE" box="[1200,1322,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">dendropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
indeed occurs in Arkansas, impinging on the range of the quite distinct
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF913D1B9D1610A1FADBFD26" box="[1126,1323,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">younsteadtorum.</emphasis>
This is also the only verified record from south of the White River, which theoretically could serve as a barrier between
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF913D1B9BD410F1FCEFFD56" box="[676,799,724,749]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Scoterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dendropus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF913D1B9BD410F1FCEFFD56" box="[676,799,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">dendropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF913D1B9A1110F1FBC4FD56" box="[865,1076,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF913D1B9A1110F1FBC0FD56" box="[865,1072,724,749]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Causeyella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="youngsteadtorum">youngsteadtorum</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
More collecting is needed in northwestern Arkansas (Benton, Carroll, Washington and Madison Counties) to delineate the ranges of the two species. Unfortunately 2001 collections of
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF913D1B9DD81101FADAFC86" box="[1192,1322,804,829]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Causeyella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF913D1B9DD81101FADAFC86" box="[1192,1322,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Causeyella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Joyce Cemetary Cave in Benton Co. were all females. The putative records of
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF913D1B9D861169FEA8FC36" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Scoterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dendropus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF913D1B9D861169FEA8FC36" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">dendropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as a
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF913D1B98D61151FDE8FC36" box="[422,536,884,909]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Scoterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF913D1B98D61151FDE8FC36" box="[422,536,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Scoterpes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) from southeastern Missouri and from Illinois have already been discussed in the generic account; they probably are in error.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="BEC7983BACE01B8A973EA340A2EE3289">
<mods:date id="8591ABD1A7AC7683ABC4DB5C6583E4F4">2003</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="21DF1C1DB3B53A9E620A1F459FA9B4B6" type="volume">
<mods:number id="9F778888A616999DD0F86942EC127E3D">321</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="1365B4496716A3A39F8B147EAD203CAF">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="9C89C3FF9B350BF32D81E1EB0FD8CDD5">36</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="4798C4258909B61F9AB52C07B1743B3E">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="8C157CBCC8963FEAFF263E159A931C18" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.157036</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="633188BA135FFE024D207AE274F587E9" type="GBIF-Dataset">8845a192-a81c-4e81-a280-e19c508ce7dd</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E59EC783B46348F81217D992CD2EF634" type="ISSN">1175­5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7BC9E972F8C5FD1A48F71094A020F393" type="Zenodo-Dep">157036</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F7710943FF913D1898781631FE28FC66" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6273596" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119332279" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6273596" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F7710943FF913D1898781631FE28FC66" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F7710943FF913D1898781631FE28FC66" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF913D1B98781631FE62FBEA" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF913D1B98781631FDA1FB95" blockId="29.[264,593,1044,1105]" box="[264,593,1044,1070]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<heading id="242F0F39FF913D1B98781631FDA1FB95" bold="true" box="[264,593,1044,1070]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="1">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF913D1B98781631FDA1FB95" bold="true" box="[264,593,1044,1070]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF913D1B98781631FDF7FB95" bold="true" box="[264,519,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF913D1B98781631FDF1FB95" box="[264,513,1044,1070]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Causeyella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="causeyae" status="sp. nov.">Causeyella causeyae</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="569FD93CFF913D1B9B7F1631FDA1FB95" box="[527,593,1044,1070]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF913D1B98781612FE62FBEA" blockId="29.[264,593,1044,1105]" box="[264,402,1079,1105]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF913D1B98781612FE62FBEA" box="[264,402,1079,1105]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 26" captionStartId="27.[264,382,1555,1579]" captionTargetBox="[278,1305,334,1536]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[273,1313,329,1544]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 26. Causeyella dendropus Loomis, 22, gonopods, anterior view. C. causeyae, n. sp., 23, 24. 23, gonopods, anterior view. 24, male ninth legs, anterior view. C. youngsteadtorum, n. sp., 25, 26. 25, gonopods, anterior view. 26, male ninth legs, anterior view. Scale lines = 0.1 mm (100 µm) for Figs. 22, 23, 25, 0.5 mm (500 µm) for Figs. 24, 26." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157043/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Figs. 23, 24</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF913D1B987816A2FB1AF9E2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="description">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF913D1B987816A2FB1AF9E2" blockId="29.[264,1325,1159,1905]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF913D1B987816A2FEA2FB1B" box="[264,338,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF913D1B987816A2FEB8FB1B" box="[264,328,1159,1184]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Types</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
Male
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF913D1B98EF16A2FDF9FB1A" box="[415,521,1159,1185]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, male
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF913D1B9B2416A2FD49FB1A" box="[596,697,1159,1185]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
and
<specimenCount id="69DE73DCFF913D1B9B8216A2FCA7FB1A" box="[754,855,1159,1185]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="female">2 female</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF913D1B9A2E16A2FC3EFB1A" box="[862,974,1159,1185]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
from ARKANSAS,
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF913D1B9DB216A2FE86FB73" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Independence Co</emphasis>
., Foushee Cave,
<quantity id="B82015B0FF913D1B9B33168AFD69FB72" box="[579,665,1199,1225]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.656064" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mi" value="6.0">6 miles</quantity>
west of Locust Grove, collected by unknown person or persons, May, 1978 (FSCA). The following are
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF913D1B9A2616F2FC3BFB4A" box="[854,971,1239,1265]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
: ARKANSAS:
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF913D1B9DF816F2FEDAFAA3" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Independence Co</emphasis>
., Cushman Cave, 0.5 miles from Cushman,
<date id="0B669E95FF913D1B9A1116DAFC0BFAA2" box="[865,1019,1279,1305]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1974-07-08">8 July 1974</date>
, G. Harp, four males,
<specimenCount id="69DE73DCFF913D1B9C6C16DAFE97FAFA" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
; Dodd Cave,
<date id="0B669E95FF913D1B9B771702FD19FAFA" box="[519,745,1319,1345]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2001-12-14">14 December 2001</date>
, G. Greening, D. Fenolio, male (SBP).
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF913D1B9DC51702FAD3FAFB" box="[1205,1315,1319,1344]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Izard Co.</emphasis>
, Clay Cave,
<quantity id="B82015B0FF913D1B98E2176AFE37FAD2" box="[402,455,1359,1385]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1265408" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mi" value="7.0">7 mi</quantity>
SW Melbourne,
<date id="0B669E95FF913D1B9BE1176AFCA8FAD2" box="[657,856,1359,1385]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1974-10-11">11 October 1974</date>
, G. Harp, numerous males and females; Donovan Cave,
<quantity id="B82015B0FF913D1B98B91752FDF0FA2A" box="[457,512,1399,1425]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.218688" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mi" value="2.0">2 mi</quantity>
SW Calico Rock,
<date id="0B669E95FF913D1B9B921752FC5AFA2A" box="[738,938,1399,1425]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1964-01-24">24 January 1964</date>
, D. Martin, male; Goat (Prison) Cave,
<date id="0B669E95FF913D1B982717BAFDB6FA02" box="[343,582,1439,1465]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2002-11-22">22 November 2002</date>
, B. Wagner, D. Kempwerth, male (SBP).
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF913D1B9D2C17BAFB21FA03" box="[1116,1233,1439,1464]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Stone Co.</emphasis>
, Hell’s Creek Cave, 2.5 mi N Mountain View,
<date id="0B669E95FF913D1B9BAD17E2FC55FA5A" box="[733,933,1479,1505]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1974-01-26">26 January 1974</date>
, V. R. McDaniel,
<specimenCount id="69DE73DCFF913D1B9D0D17E2FB2CFA5A" box="[1149,1244,1479,1505]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
; Blanchard Springs Cave,
<date id="0B669E95FF913D1B988D17CAFD13F9B2" box="[509,739,1519,1545]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1967-09-27">27 September 1967</date>
, T. C. Barr, juveniles probably this species; Rowland Cave,
<date id="0B669E95FF913D1B98FC1432FDDAF98A" box="[396,554,1559,1585]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2001-06-12">12 June 2001</date>
, G. Greening et al., male (SBP); Alexander Cave,
<date id="0B669E95FF913D1B9D031432FAD7F98A" box="[1139,1319,1559,1585]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2001-03-24">24 March 2001</date>
, M. Slay, L. Moritz; Gustafson Cave,
<date id="0B669E95FF913D1B9BCA141AFC83F9E2" box="[698,883,1599,1625]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2002-10-06">6 October 2002</date>
, G. Graening et al., male (SBP).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF913D1B98481442FB60F912" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF913D1B98481442FB60F912" blockId="29.[264,1325,1159,1905]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF913D1B98481442FE49F93B" box="[312,441,1639,1664]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
A large (13.5 mm long) species of
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF913D1B9A151442FC17F93B" box="[869,999,1639,1664]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Causeyella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF913D1B9A151442FC17F93B" box="[869,999,1639,1664]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Causeyella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with lamellate branches of the gonopod colpocoxites; frontal coxal setae somewhat thickened and blunt.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF913D1B98481492FD28F96A" box="[312,728,1719,1745]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF913D1B98481492FD28F96A" blockId="29.[264,1325,1159,1905]" box="[312,728,1719,1745]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF913D1B98481492FE4FF96B" box="[312,447,1719,1744]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Etymology:</emphasis>
For Nell Bevel Causey.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF913D18984814FAFADBFDCD" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="description">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF913D18984814FAFDDEFDF5" blockId="29.[264,1325,1159,1905]" lastBlockId="30.[264,1323,284,990]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF913D1B984814FAFE1CF943" box="[312,492,1759,1784]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
Male
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF913D1B980D14FAFE15F943" box="[381,485,1759,1784]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
Length, 13.5 mm, width 0.9 mm. Unpigmented, eyeless. Segmental shoulders well developed, paranota­like; segmental setae 65–70% of body width. Legpairs 3–7 noticeably enlarged compared to legpairs 12 and posterior; no podomeres modified. Gonopods (
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF913D1B98AB1572FDC3F8CA" box="[475,563,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 26" captionStartId="27.[264,382,1555,1579]" captionTargetBox="[278,1305,334,1536]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[273,1313,329,1544]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 26. Causeyella dendropus Loomis, 22, gonopods, anterior view. C. causeyae, n. sp., 23, 24. 23, gonopods, anterior view. 24, male ninth legs, anterior view. C. youngsteadtorum, n. sp., 25, 26. 25, gonopods, anterior view. 26, male ninth legs, anterior view. Scale lines = 0.1 mm (100 µm) for Figs. 22, 23, 25, 0.5 mm (500 µm) for Figs. 24, 26." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157043/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
) with well developed sternal lobes. Anterior surfaces of coxae entirely covered with prominent scaly trichomes becoming larger distally; about 15 setae on each coxa, not separated into groups; mesal coxites in anterior view slightly spatulate, ectal coxites only about half their length, broad in lateral view. Lamellate branch of colpocoxite very large, curled at tip, roughened with rows of blunt trichomes, extending anterior of mesal coxites. Ninth legpair (
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF923D189BF51399FD2BFE6D" box="[645,731,444,470]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 26" captionStartId="27.[264,382,1555,1579]" captionTargetBox="[278,1305,334,1536]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[273,1313,329,1544]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 26. Causeyella dendropus Loomis, 22, gonopods, anterior view. C. causeyae, n. sp., 23, 24. 23, gonopods, anterior view. 24, male ninth legs, anterior view. C. youngsteadtorum, n. sp., 25, 26. 25, gonopods, anterior view. 26, male ninth legs, anterior view. Scale lines = 0.1 mm (100 µm) for Figs. 22, 23, 25, 0.5 mm (500 µm) for Figs. 24, 26." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157043/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
) with coxae laterally flattened, mesally excavated, bearing vestigial glands, articulation of prefemora offset laterally; prefemora longer than coxae, two or three vaguely indicated articles distally, claw short, twisted. Legpairs 10, 11 with glands, unmodified.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF923D1898481079FADBFDCD" blockId="30.[264,1323,284,990]" box="[312,1323,604,630]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF923D1898481079FDF8FDCE" box="[312,520,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Female
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF923D1898E61079FDF1FDCE" box="[406,513,604,629]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
Length, 13.5 mm, width 1.05 mm. Nonsexual characters as in male.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF923D18984810A1FE28FC66" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF923D18984810A1FEB5FC36" blockId="30.[264,1323,284,990]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF923D18984810A1FE21FD26" box="[312,465,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Distribution:</emphasis>
Independence, Stone, and Izard counties, ARKANSAS, as listed under “
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF923D1898621089FEADFD7D" box="[274,349,684,710]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Types</typeStatus>
” above. Literature records: ARKANSAS:
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF923D189A261089FC3BFD7E" box="[854,971,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Izard Co.,</emphasis>
Bergren Cave, Needles Cave;
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF923D18987810F1FE89FD56" box="[264,377,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Stone Co.</emphasis>
, Hell Creek Cave (as “
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF923D189BE110F1FCF3FD56" box="[657,771,724,749]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Scoterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF923D189BE110F1FCF3FD56" box="[657,771,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Scoterpes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="569FD93CFF923D189A7C10F1FCBDFD55" box="[780,845,724,750]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
” in
<bibRefCitation id="1B49C5A4FF923D189AF110F1FB37FD55" author="McDaniel" box="[897,1223,724,750]" pageId="30" pageNumber="36" refString="McDaniel, L., Rick, V. &amp; Smith, K. L. (1976) Cave fauna of Arkansas: Selected invertebrate taxa. Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, 30, 57 - 60." type="journal article" year="1976">McDaniel and Smith, 1976</bibRefCitation>
). These records were not verified; the wherabouts of the specimens are unknown. It appears that this species occurs on both sides of the White River. Records of “
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF923D189D7A1101FB7CFC86" box="[1034,1164,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF923D189D7A1101FB72FC86" box="[1034,1154,804,829]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Scoterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Scoterpes</taxonomicName>
”
</emphasis>
from Oregon Co., Missouri (see under
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF923D189B4C1169FD2CFCDE" box="[572,732,844,869]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Scoterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dendropus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF923D189B4C1169FD2CFCDE" box="[572,732,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">C. dendropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
above) may be
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF923D189AD21169FBC9FCDE" box="[930,1081,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF923D189AD21169FBC5FCDE" box="[930,1077,844,869]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Causeyella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="causeyae">C. causeyae</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
but are probably in error.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF923D18984811B9FE28FC66" blockId="30.[264,1323,284,990]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Causey labelled examples of this species as “
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF923D189A3311B9FC48FC0D" box="[835,952,924,950]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Scoterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Scoterpes</taxonomicName>
martini
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF923D189D6311B9FBD3FC0E" box="[1043,1059,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">”</emphasis>
or “
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF923D189D2411B9FE35FC65" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Scoterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="dendropus" subSpecies="martini">Scoterpes dendropus ssp. martini</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF923D1898B811E1FE28FC66" box="[456,472,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">”</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

200
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@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
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<mods:title id="781F0FA96965DAE316A9B642DB5CCCC4">The milliped family Trichopetalidae, Part 1: Introduction and Genera Trigenotyla Causey, Nannopetalum n. gen., and Causeyella n. gen. (Diplopoda: Chordeumatida, Cleidogonoidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1FC2FB33FBD984D7246A1D94FFF841E7">Shear, William A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="EA47DD7B8726550670257480221F9969">2003</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="F30F0C7EDED4E3B9AA6E273C71C4EDBF" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.157036</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F7710943FF923D2698781619FB23F8D6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6273598" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119332278" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6273598" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F7710943FF923D2698781619FB23F8D6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F7710943FF923D2698781619FB23F8D6" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF923D1898781619FE61FBC2" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF923D1898781619FD46FBED" blockId="30.[264,694,1084,1145]" box="[264,694,1084,1110]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<heading id="242F0F39FF923D1898781619FD46FBED" bold="true" box="[264,694,1084,1110]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" reason="1">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF923D1898781619FD46FBED" bold="true" box="[264,694,1084,1110]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF923D1898781619FD9CFBED" bold="true" box="[264,620,1084,1110]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF923D1898781619FD96FBED" box="[264,614,1084,1110]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Causeyella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="youngsteadtorum" status="sp. nov.">Causeyella youngsteadtorum</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="569FD93CFF923D189B041619FD46FBED" box="[628,694,1084,1110]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF923D189878167AFE61FBC2" blockId="30.[264,694,1084,1145]" box="[264,401,1119,1145]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF923D189878167AFE61FBC2" box="[264,401,1119,1145]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 22 – 26" captionStart-1="FIGURES 27 – 29" captionStart-2="FIGURES 30 – 32" captionStartId-0="27.[264,382,1555,1579]" captionStartId-1="31.[264,382,1775,1799]" captionStartId-2="32.[264,382,1302,1326]" captionTargetBox-0="[278,1305,334,1536]" captionTargetBox-1="[331,1257,644,1756]" captionTargetBox-2="[329,1254,314,1291]" captionTargetId-0="figure@27.[273,1313,329,1544]" captionTargetId-1="figure@31.[331,1258,643,1756]" captionTargetId-2="figure@32.[329,1254,313,1293]" captionTargetPageId-0="27" captionTargetPageId-1="31" captionTargetPageId-2="32" captionText-0="FIGURES 22 – 26. Causeyella dendropus Loomis, 22, gonopods, anterior view. C. causeyae, n. sp., 23, 24. 23, gonopods, anterior view. 24, male ninth legs, anterior view. C. youngsteadtorum, n. sp., 25, 26. 25, gonopods, anterior view. 26, male ninth legs, anterior view. Scale lines = 0.1 mm (100 µm) for Figs. 22, 23, 25, 0.5 mm (500 µm) for Figs. 24, 26." captionText-1="FIGURES 27 – 29. SEMs of Causeyella youngsteadtorum. 27, gonopods, ventral view. 28, gonopod fimbriate branch. 29, gonopod tips, oblique lateral view. Scale lines as labelled." captionText-2="FIGURES 30 – 32. SEMs of Causeyella youngsteadtorum. 30, female, lateral view. 31, ninth legs of male, anterior view. 32, outermost segmental seta of left side of segment 12, showing typical secretion. Scale lines as labelled." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/157043/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/157044/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/157045/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figs. 25–32</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF923D189878168AFBE8F9B2" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="description">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF923D189878168AFBE8F9B2" blockId="30.[264,1324,1199,1905]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF923D189878168AFEA2FB73" box="[264,338,1199,1224]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF923D189878168AFEB8FB73" box="[264,328,1199,1224]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Types</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
All specimens, FSCA. Male
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF923D189BC3168AFCECFB72" box="[691,796,1199,1225]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, female
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF923D189AF2168AFC17FB72" box="[898,999,1199,1225]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
from ARKANSAS,
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF923D189DAF168AFEC1FB4B" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Boone Co.</emphasis>
, Brewer Cave (T16N, R18W, S8), collected July/
<date id="0B669E95FF923D189AFD16F2FBD7FB4A" box="[909,1063,1239,1265]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1976-08">August 1976</date>
by Norman and Jean Youngsteadt. The following specimens are
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF923D189A6216DAFC77FAA2" box="[786,903,1279,1305]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
: ARKANSAS:
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF923D189D3116DAFB36FAA3" box="[1089,1222,1279,1304]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Boone Co.,</emphasis>
Major’s Cave (T16N, R20 W, S16),
<date id="0B669E95FF923D189B2E1702FD27FAFA" box="[606,727,1319,1345]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1977-07">July 1977</date>
, N. and J. Youngsteadt,
<specimenCount id="69DE73DCFF923D189D721702FB8AFAFA" box="[1026,1146,1319,1345]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
.
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF923D189DE31702FADBFAFB" box="[1171,1323,1319,1344]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Newton Co.:</emphasis>
Lewis Spring Cave (T16N, R19W, S12),
<date id="0B669E95FF923D189A7D176AFC42FAD2" box="[781,946,1359,1385]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1976-01">January 1976</date>
, N. and J. Youngsteadt, male, female; “Cave” (T17, R19W), June/
<date id="0B669E95FF923D189BA41752FCBEFA2A" box="[724,846,1399,1425]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1976-07">July 1976</date>
, N. and J. Youngsteadt, male, female.
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF923D18987817BAFE65FA03" box="[264,405,1439,1464]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Searcy Co.:</emphasis>
Hurricane River Cave (T16N, R13W, S7), N. and J. Youngsteadt, January/
<date id="0B669E95FF923D18987817E2FE48FA5A" box="[264,440,1479,1505]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1976-02">February 1976</date>
, male; Woods Hollow Cave #1,
<date id="0B669E95FF923D189A3117E2FCAEFA5A" box="[833,862,1479,1505]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="2002-03-16">16</date>
March 2002, G. Greening, C. Brickey (SBP); Thruway Cave,
<date id="0B669E95FF923D189B6B17CAFD45F9B2" box="[539,693,1519,1545]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="2002-07-31">31 July 2002</date>
, M. Slay, male, female (SBP).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF923D1898481432FC11F9E2" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF923D1898481432FC11F9E2" blockId="30.[264,1324,1199,1905]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF923D1898481432FE49F98B" box="[312,441,1559,1584]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Very similar to
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF923D189B0D1432FCE2F98B" box="[637,786,1559,1584]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF923D189B0D1432FCFEF98B" box="[637,782,1559,1584]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Causeyella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="causeyae">C. causeyae</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
but the ectal angiocoxites are more spatulate, and the mesals are shorter and have two subequal apical teeth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF923D1898481442FE7DF96A" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF923D1898481442FE7DF96A" blockId="30.[264,1324,1199,1905]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF923D1898481442FE4FF93B" box="[312,447,1639,1664]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Etymology:</emphasis>
named for Norman and Jean Youngsteadt, in recognition of their collection of nearly all known specimens of this species and their contributions to Arkansas biospeleology.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF923D26984814FAFD7CF9BD" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="description">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF923D19984814FAFB6DFD9D" blockId="30.[264,1324,1199,1905]" lastBlockId="31.[264,1323,284,550]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF923D18984814FAFE1CF943" box="[312,492,1759,1784]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Male
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF923D18980D14FAFE15F943" box="[381,485,1759,1784]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
Nonsexual characters as described for
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF923D189ACD14FAFBA4F943" box="[957,1108,1759,1784]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF923D189ACD14FAFBBFF943" box="[957,1103,1759,1784]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Causeyella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="causeyae">C. causeyae</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Gonopods (figs. 25, 27–29) with well developed sternal lobes. Anterior surfaces of coxae entirely covered with prominent scaly trichomes not becoming notably larger distally; about 15 setae on each coxa, not separated into groups; mesal coxites (
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF923D189AFA1572FC4CF8CB" box="[906,956,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">aac,</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF923D189AB61572FBA8F8CA" box="[966,1112,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURES 27 – 29" captionStartId="31.[264,382,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[331,1257,644,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[331,1258,643,1756]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 27 – 29. SEMs of Causeyella youngsteadtorum. 27, gonopods, ventral view. 28, gonopod fimbriate branch. 29, gonopod tips, oblique lateral view. Scale lines as labelled." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157044/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figs. 27, 29</figureCitation>
) in anterior view strongly spatulate, ectal coxites (
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF933D199BE11339FD4BFE8E" box="[657,699,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">pac</emphasis>
,
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF933D199BBC1339FCD2FE8D" box="[716,802,284,310]" captionStart="FIGURES 27 – 29" captionStartId="31.[264,382,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[331,1257,644,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[331,1258,643,1756]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 27 – 29. SEMs of Causeyella youngsteadtorum. 27, gonopods, ventral view. 28, gonopod fimbriate branch. 29, gonopod tips, oblique lateral view. Scale lines as labelled." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157044/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
) less than half their length, broad in lateral view, with subequal apical teeth. Lamellate branch of colpocoxite (
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF933D199D401361FBBEFEE6" box="[1072,1102,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">fb,</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF933D199D271361FB16FEE5" box="[1111,1254,324,350]" captionStart="FIGURES 27 – 29" captionStartId="31.[264,382,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[331,1257,644,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[331,1258,643,1756]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 27 – 29. SEMs of Causeyella youngsteadtorum. 27, gonopods, ventral view. 28, gonopod fimbriate branch. 29, gonopod tips, oblique lateral view. Scale lines as labelled." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157044/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Figs. 27, 29</figureCitation>
) very large, curled at tip, posteriorly divided into 3–4 smaller branches, roughened with rows of blunt trichomes, extending anterior of mesal coxites. Ninth legpair (
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF933D199D3F13B1FB45FE15" box="[1103,1205,404,430]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 26" captionStartId="27.[264,382,1555,1579]" captionTargetBox="[278,1305,334,1536]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[273,1313,329,1544]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 26. Causeyella dendropus Loomis, 22, gonopods, anterior view. C. causeyae, n. sp., 23, 24. 23, gonopods, anterior view. 24, male ninth legs, anterior view. C. youngsteadtorum, n. sp., 25, 26. 25, gonopods, anterior view. 26, male ninth legs, anterior view. Scale lines = 0.1 mm (100 µm) for Figs. 22, 23, 25, 0.5 mm (500 µm) for Figs. 24, 26." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157043/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Figs. 26</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF933D199DB413B1FB12FE15" box="[1220,1250,404,430]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 32" captionStartId="32.[264,382,1302,1326]" captionTargetBox="[329,1254,314,1291]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[329,1254,313,1293]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 32. SEMs of Causeyella youngsteadtorum. 30, female, lateral view. 31, ninth legs of male, anterior view. 32, outermost segmental seta of left side of segment 12, showing typical secretion. Scale lines as labelled." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157045/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">31</figureCitation>
) with coxae laterally flattened, mesally excavated, bearing vestigial glands, articulation of prefemora offset laterally; prefemora longer than coxae, two or three vaguely indicated articles distally, claw short, twisted. Legpairs 10, 11 with glands, unmodified.
</paragraph>
<caption id="2BA7E8DDFF933D19987814CAFB63F892" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157044/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" targetBox="[331,1257,644,1756]" targetPageId="31">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF933D19987814CAFB63F892" blockId="31.[264,1322,1775,1833]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF933D19987814CAFE3FF8BC" bold="true" box="[264,463,1775,1799]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">FIGURES 27–29.</emphasis>
SEMs of
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF933D199B4E14CAFC8CF8BD" box="[574,892,1775,1798]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF933D199B4E14CAFC88F8BD" box="[574,888,1775,1798]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Causeyella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="youngsteadtorum">Causeyella youngsteadtorum</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
27, gonopods, ventral view. 28, gonopod fimbriate branch. 29, gonopod tips, oblique lateral view. Scale lines as labelled.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="2BA7E8DDFFAC3D2698781733FD9FFAC8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157045/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" targetBox="[329,1254,314,1291]" targetPageId="32">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FFAC3D2698781733FD9FFAC8" blockId="32.[264,1323,1302,1395]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FFAC3D2698781733FE3FFA95" bold="true" box="[264,463,1302,1326]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">FIGURES 30–32.</emphasis>
SEMs of
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FFAC3D269B4D1733FC8BFA96" box="[573,891,1302,1325]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FFAC3D269B4D1733FC86FA96" box="[573,886,1302,1325]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Causeyella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="youngsteadtorum">Causeyella youngsteadtorum</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
30, female, lateral view. 31, ninth legs of male, anterior view. 32, outermost segmental seta of left side of segment 12, showing typical secretion. Scale lines as labelled.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FFAC3D26984817E1FD7CF9BD" blockId="32.[264,1324,1476,1902]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FFAC3D26984817E1FDF8FA66" box="[312,520,1476,1501]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
Female
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FFAC3D2698E617E1FDF1FA66" box="[406,513,1476,1501]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
Length, 13.5 mm, width 1.05 mm. Nonsexual characters as in male. Intact female depicted in
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FFAC3D269B4217C9FD78F9BD" box="[562,648,1516,1542]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 32" captionStartId="32.[264,382,1302,1326]" captionTargetBox="[329,1254,314,1291]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[329,1254,313,1293]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 32. SEMs of Causeyella youngsteadtorum. 30, female, lateral view. 31, ninth legs of male, anterior view. 32, outermost segmental seta of left side of segment 12, showing typical secretion. Scale lines as labelled." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157045/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFFAC3D2698481431FB23F8D6" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FFAC3D2698481431FB23F8D6" blockId="32.[264,1324,1476,1902]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FFAC3D2698481431FE21F996" box="[312,465,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Distribution:</emphasis>
As given under
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FFAC3D269BDE1431FD07F995" box="[686,759,1556,1582]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Types</typeStatus>
, above. Literature records:
<bibRefCitation id="1B49C5A4FFAC3D269D121431FE00F9ED" author="Youngsteadt" pageId="32" pageNumber="36" refString="Youngsteadt, N. W. &amp; Youngsteadt, J. O. (1978) A survey of some cave invertebrates from northern Arkansas. Arkansas Cave Studies, 1, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1978">Youngsteadt and Youngsteadt (1978)</bibRefCitation>
record the species from Potato Cave, Searcy Co., very close to Hurricane River Cave, but these specimens were not found with the others from their survey in the Causey collection. Fitton Cave and Peccary Cave in Newton Co. were not visited by the Youngsteadts in their survey of northern Arkansas caves (
<bibRefCitation id="1B49C5A4FFAC3D269A8E1491FE6AF94D" author="Youngsteadt" pageId="32" pageNumber="36" refString="Youngsteadt, N. W. &amp; Youngsteadt, J. O. (1978) A survey of some cave invertebrates from northern Arkansas. Arkansas Cave Studies, 1, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1978">Youngsteadt and Youngsteadt, 1978</bibRefCitation>
), but as detailed above under
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FFAC3D269B8D14F9FC52F94E" box="[765,930,1756,1781]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FFAC3D269B8D14F9FC6EF94E" box="[765,926,1756,1781]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Scoterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dendropus">C. dendropus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
at least the former cave supports that species. Except for one record (
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FFAC3D269BC81521FCE0F8A5" box="[696,784,1796,1822]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="33.[264,367,992,1016]" captionTargetBox="[286,1315,315,981]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[278,1326,308,985]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 33: Inset map shows the eastern and midwestern United States; filled circles are records of species of Nannopetalum, box shows area of larger map (parts of Oklahoma, Arkansas and Missouri). On larger map, dashed lines are state borders, dotted lines county borders; open squares, Causeyella dendropus; filled squares, C. causeyae; half­filled squares, C. youngsteadtorum; filled circles, Trigenotyla parca; open circles, T. vaga; circles with lower half filled, T. blacki; circles with upper half filled, T. seminole." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157046/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FFAC3D269A561521FC02F8A6" box="[806,1010,1796,1821]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Causeyella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="youngsteadtorum">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FFAC3D269A561521FC02F8A6" box="[806,1010,1796,1821]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">youngsteadtorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in the region south of the White River, but north of the Buffalo River. The Buffalo River flows in a deep gorge and may be enough of a barrier to separate
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FFAC3D269A3D1571FBE9F8D6" box="[845,1049,1876,1901]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Causeyella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="youngsteadtorum">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FFAC3D269A3D1571FBE9F8D6" box="[845,1049,1876,1901]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">youngsteadtorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FFAC3D269D101571FB23F8D6" box="[1120,1235,1876,1901]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FFAC3D269D101571FB3FF8D6" box="[1120,1231,1876,1901]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Causeyella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="causeyae">causeyae</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

215
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<mods:title id="653E83D602385C46D229B11C31135081">The milliped family Trichopetalidae, Part 1: Introduction and Genera Trigenotyla Causey, Nannopetalum n. gen., and Causeyella n. gen. (Diplopoda: Chordeumatida, Cleidogonoidea)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="7F67B855FF943D1E98781339FDC6FE8E" blockId="24.[264,566,283,345]" box="[264,566,283,310]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<heading id="242F0F39FF943D1E98781339FDC6FE8E" bold="true" box="[264,566,283,310]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF943D1E98781339FDC6FE8E" ID-CoL="58QHD" authority="Causey" authorityName="Causey" box="[264,566,283,310]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vaga">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF943D1E98781339FDC6FE8E" bold="true" box="[264,566,283,310]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF943D1E98781339FE23FE8D" bold="true" box="[264,467,284,310]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Trigenotyla vaga</emphasis>
Causey
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF943D1E9878131AFE62FEE2" blockId="24.[264,566,283,345]" box="[264,402,319,345]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF943D1E9878131AFE62FEE2" box="[264,402,319,345]" captionStart="FIGURES 20, 21" captionStartId="24.[264,382,1842,1866]" captionTargetBox="[315,1280,1266,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[297,1290,1262,1837]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 20, 21. Trigenotyla vaga Causey. 20, gonopods, anterior view. 21, male ninth legs, posterior view. Scale lines = 0.1 mm (100 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157042/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs. 20, 21</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF943D1E987813AAFC3BFC88" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF943D1E987813AAFD12FE1E" blockId="24.[264,738,398,422]" box="[264,738,398,422]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="5FC89F7BFF943D1E987813AAFD12FE1E" box="[264,738,398,422]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF943D1E987813AAFD83FE1E" ID-CoL="58QHD" authority="Causey 1959:76" authorityName="Causey" authorityPageNumber="76" authorityYear="1959" box="[264,627,398,422]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vaga">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF943D1E987813AAFE4EFE1D" box="[264,446,399,422]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Trigenotyla vaga</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="FE799E44FF943D1E98B413ABFD83FE1E" author="Causey" box="[452,627,398,421]" page="76" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="1959">
<bibRefCitation id="1B49C5A4FF943D1E98B413ABFDA2FE1E" author="Causey" box="[452,594,398,421]" pageId="24" pageNumber="35" refString="Causey, N. B. (1959) A second species of the milliped genus Trigenotyla (Chordeumidea: Conotylidae: Trichopetalinae: Scoterpini). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 72, 75 - 78." type="journal article" year="1959">Causey 1959</bibRefCitation>
:76
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, figs. 1, 2.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF943D1E987813FFFC3BFC88" blockId="24.[264,1323,473,1219]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF943D1E987813FFFEA2FE48" box="[264,338,474,499]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF943D1E987813FFFEB8FE48" box="[264,328,474,499]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Types</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
Male
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF943D1E98D213FCFDF9FE48" box="[418,521,473,499]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
from “a river ravine,” Latimer Co., Oklahoma, collected
<date id="0B669E95FF943D1E9DC713FCFE81FDA0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1933-12-09">9 December 1933</date>
by J. R. Carpenter (AMNH). The body of the male
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF943D1E9A921024FBB8FDA0" box="[994,1096,513,539]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is in the American Museum collection, but the gonopods are not. According to a label in the
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF943D1E9DFC100CFB4FFDF8" box="[1164,1215,553,579]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
vial, the gonopods were mounted on a microscope slide; the slide cannot be found (L. Sorkin, pers. comm. 2002). A box of slides of trichopetalid gonopods is in the FSCA but one of
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF943D1E9DA5105FFAD9FD28" ID-CoL="58QHD" box="[1237,1321,634,659]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vaga">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF943D1E9DA5105FFAD9FD28" box="[1237,1321,634,659]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">T. vaga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not among them. Absent the crucial information from the gonopods, we must rely on Causey’s original description and drawings to establish the identity of
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF943D1E9D4F10EFFB6DFD58" box="[1087,1181,714,739]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF943D1E9D4F10EFFB69FD58" ID-CoL="58QHD" box="[1087,1177,714,739]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vaga">T. vaga</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Fortunately the drawings are good ones and show a number of salient features; they were probably made from the slide using a camera lucida or similar device.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF943D1E98481164FD05FC39" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF943D1E98481164FD05FC39" blockId="24.[264,1323,473,1219]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF943D1E98481164FE4EFCE1" box="[312,446,833,858]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Etymology:</emphasis>
The species name is a Latin adjective, “wandering,” and doubtless refers to the distance separating it from
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF943D1E9BE0114CFD05FC39" box="[656,757,873,898]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF943D1E9BE0114CFD1EFC39" box="[656,750,873,898]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parca">T. parca</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF943D1E984811B4FC6DFB78" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF943D1E984811B4FC6DFB78" blockId="24.[264,1323,473,1219]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF943D1E984811B4FE49FC11" box="[312,441,913,938]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
very similar to
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF943D1E9B0411B4FD08FC11" box="[628,760,913,938]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seminole">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF943D1E9B0411B4FD08FC11" box="[628,760,913,938]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">T. seminole</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but differing in the broader gonopod ectal coxites, larger size and definite pigmentation. Besides these features, Causey’s drawings show the fimbriate branch as lamelliform, as seen in two new species of
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF943D1E9DD811C4FADAFC41" box="[1192,1322,993,1018]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Causeyella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF943D1E9DD811C4FADAFC41" box="[1192,1322,993,1018]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Causeyella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described below. The branch is more typically fimbriate in the material I have seen from Murray and Johnston Cos. The specimens from Wild Woman Cave described below are much paler than surface­collected ones, but otherwise do not seem to show any adaptations for cave life. Specimens from in or near Latimer Co. are required to safely pin down the identity of the Murray and Johnston Cos. specimens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="2BA7E8DDFF943D1E98781517FD2BF8D7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157042/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" targetBox="[315,1280,1266,1827]" targetPageId="24">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF943D1E98781517FD2BF8D7" blockId="24.[264,1322,1842,1900]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF943D1E98781517FE3EF8F1" bold="true" box="[264,462,1842,1866]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">FIGURES 20, 21.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF943D1E98A51516FD15F8F1" authority="Causey." authorityName="Causey." box="[469,741,1843,1866]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vaga">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF943D1E98A51516FD7AF8F1" box="[469,650,1843,1866]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Trigenotyla vaga</emphasis>
Causey.
</taxonomicName>
20, gonopods, anterior view. 21, male ninth legs, posterior view. Scale lines = 0.1 mm (100 µm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF953D1F98481339FE48FDF5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="description">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF953D1F98481339FD5EFE3D" blockId="25.[264,1323,284,1190]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF953D1F98481339FD50FE8E" box="[312,672,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Male from Wild Woman Cave:</emphasis>
Length, 6.5 mm, width, 0.9 mm. Segmental shoulders pronounced, segmental setae nearly equal to body width. Color pale yellow to gray. Ocelli
<quantity id="B82015B0FF953D1F98271349FE4DFE3D" box="[343,445,364,390]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.064" metricValueMax="4.318" metricValueMin="3.81" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="in" value="16.0" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="15.0">15–17 in</quantity>
triangular eyepatch.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF953D1F984813B1FBDCFE45" blockId="25.[264,1323,284,1190]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
Gonopods (
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF953D1F98B013B1FDE5FE15" box="[448,533,404,430]" captionStart="FIGURES 20, 21" captionStartId="24.[264,382,1842,1866]" captionTargetBox="[315,1280,1266,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[297,1290,1262,1837]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 20, 21. Trigenotyla vaga Causey. 20, gonopods, anterior view. 21, male ninth legs, posterior view. Scale lines = 0.1 mm (100 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157042/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
) much as in
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF953D1F9BD913B1FCC3FE16" box="[681,819,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF953D1F9BD913B1FCDCFE16" box="[681,812,404,429]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seminole">T. seminole</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
differing in greater breadth of ectal coxite, tighter clustering of lateral setal groups. Ninth legpair (
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF953D1F9AFF1399FC14FE6D" box="[911,996,444,470]" captionStart="FIGURES 20, 21" captionStartId="24.[264,382,1842,1866]" captionTargetBox="[315,1280,1266,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[297,1290,1262,1837]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 20, 21. Trigenotyla vaga Causey. 20, gonopods, anterior view. 21, male ninth legs, posterior view. Scale lines = 0.1 mm (100 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157042/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
) as in
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF953D1F9D5F1399FB64FE6E" box="[1071,1172,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF953D1F9D5F1399FB7DFE6E" box="[1071,1165,444,469]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parca">T. parca</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
lacking vestigial terminal joints. Tenth and eleventh legpairs with coxal glands.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF953D1F98481029FE48FDF5" blockId="25.[264,1323,284,1190]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF953D1F98481029FD4AFD9E" box="[312,698,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Female from Wild Woman Cave:</emphasis>
Length, 6.3 mm, width 0.9 mm. Nonsexual characters as in male.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF953D1F98481079FB12FB1D" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF953D1F98481079FE1AFC36" blockId="25.[264,1323,284,1190]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF953D1F98481079FE21FDCE" box="[312,465,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Distribution:</emphasis>
Material examined (all FSCA): OKLAHOMA:
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF953D1F9D321079FB10FDCE" box="[1090,1248,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Murray Co.:</emphasis>
Wild Woman Cave, R. Harrell, 7,
<date id="0B669E95FF953D1F9B1E10A1FD7BFD25" box="[622,651,644,670]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1959-02-28">28</date>
February 1959,
<date id="0B669E95FF953D1F9A2B10A1FC9AFD25" box="[859,874,644,670]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1962-03-02">2</date>
March 1962, R. Harrell,
<specimenCount id="69DE73DCFF953D1F9DD910A1FAFBFD25" box="[1193,1291,644,670]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="69DE73DCFF953D1F9C6C10A1FE97FD7D" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
; Bitter Enders Cave,
<date id="0B669E95FF953D1F9B111089FCB4FD7D" box="[609,836,684,710]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1973-12-29">29 December 1973</date>
, J. H. Black, male, female.
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF953D1F9DFD1089FADAFD7E" box="[1165,1322,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Johnston Co:</emphasis>
Horse Thief Cave #
<quantity id="B82015B0FF953D1F988710F1FDA0FD55" box="[503,592,724,750]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8624256" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mi" value="2.4">2, 4 mi</quantity>
. SE of Pontotoc,
<date id="0B669E95FF953D1F9A5310F1FC36FD55" box="[803,966,724,750]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1970-05-12">12 May 1970</date>
, J. H. Black, female.
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF953D1F9DBD10F1FEC4FCAE" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">LeFlore Co:</emphasis>
Choctaw Nation Historic Site,
<date id="0B669E95FF953D1F9BD410D9FC7CFCAD" box="[676,908,764,790]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="2002-09-27">27 September 2002</date>
, C. T. McAllister, female, probably this species. Literature Records:
<bibRefCitation id="1B49C5A4FF953D1F9BE21101FCDDFC85" author="Black" box="[658,813,804,830]" pageId="25" pageNumber="35" refString="Black, J. H. (1971) The cave life of Oklahoma, a preliminary study (excluding Chiroptera). Oklahoma Underground, 4, 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="1971">Black (1971)</bibRefCitation>
reported the Wild Woman Cave and Horse Thief Cave #2 records, but confounded under “
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF953D1F9A5E1169FC45FCDE" box="[814,949,844,869]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF953D1F9A5E1169FC45FCDE" box="[814,949,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Trigenotyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.” probable records of
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF953D1F9DAC1169FE80FC36" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF953D1F9DAC1169FAD7FCDE" box="[1244,1319,844,869]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blacki">blacki</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF953D1F98781151FE80FC36" box="[264,368,884,909]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seminole">seminole</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF953D1F98D91151FE1AFC36" box="[425,490,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF953D1F98D91151FE16FC36" box="[425,486,884,909]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vaga">vaga</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF953D1F984811B9FB12FB1D" blockId="25.[264,1323,284,1190]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
The
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF953D1F981D11B9FE50FC0D" box="[365,416,924,950]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">type</typeStatus>
locality is inexactly located, so on
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF953D1F9A4F11B9FC62FC0D" box="[831,914,924,950]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="33.[264,367,992,1016]" captionTargetBox="[286,1315,315,981]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[278,1326,308,985]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 33: Inset map shows the eastern and midwestern United States; filled circles are records of species of Nannopetalum, box shows area of larger map (parts of Oklahoma, Arkansas and Missouri). On larger map, dashed lines are state borders, dotted lines county borders; open squares, Causeyella dendropus; filled squares, C. causeyae; half­filled squares, C. youngsteadtorum; filled circles, Trigenotyla parca; open circles, T. vaga; circles with lower half filled, T. blacki; circles with upper half filled, T. seminole." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157046/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
the Latimer County record is simply indicated as the approximate center of the county. The LeFlore County record is of interest because the site is literally only a few meters from the border of Oklahoma with Arkansas, and makes it almost certain that
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF953D1F9A7B1631FC90FB96" box="[779,864,1044,1069]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vaga">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF953D1F9A7B1631FC90FB96" box="[779,864,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">T. vaga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
will be found in the latter state. Likewise, because of the continuity of habitat, I would expect this species to eventually be recorded from Texas. All
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF953D1F9B371641FD6FFBC6" box="[583,671,1124,1149]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vaga">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF953D1F9B371641FD6FFBC6" box="[583,671,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">T. vaga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
records to date are from south of the Canadian River; this stream appears to be an effective barrier separating
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF953D1F9AE616A9FC3FFB1E" box="[918,975,1164,1189]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vaga">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF953D1F9AE616A9FC3FFB1E" box="[918,975,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">vaga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the other species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

273
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@ -0,0 +1,273 @@
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<mods:title id="48324A9867C2845F70960D1962F1192F">The milliped family Trichopetalidae, Part 1: Introduction and Genera Trigenotyla Causey, Nannopetalum n. gen., and Causeyella n. gen. (Diplopoda: Chordeumatida, Cleidogonoidea)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="7F67B855FF953D1F98781721FDD4FAA5" blockId="25.[264,548,1284,1310]" box="[264,548,1284,1310]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<heading id="242F0F39FF953D1F98781721FDD4FAA5" bold="true" box="[264,548,1284,1310]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" reason="1">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF953D1F98781721FDD4FAA5" bold="true" box="[264,548,1284,1310]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
Genus
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF953D1F982F1721FE1BFAA5" bold="true" box="[351,491,1284,1310]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF953D1F982F1721FE14FAA5" ID-CoL="7NWKY" box="[351,484,1284,1310]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Causeyella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Causeyella</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
new
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF953D1F9878176AFCAEFADE" box="[264,862,1358,1382]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF953D1F9878176AFCAEFADE" blockId="25.[264,862,1358,1382]" box="[264,862,1358,1382]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="5FC89F7BFF953D1F9878176AFCAEFADE" box="[264,862,1358,1382]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF953D1F9878176AFDCAFADE" ID-CoL="7PZ7P" authority="Loomis 1939:181" authorityName="Loomis" authorityPageNumber="181" authorityYear="1939" box="[264,570,1358,1382]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Scoterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF953D1F9878176AFE86FADD" box="[264,374,1359,1382]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Scoterpes,</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="FE799E44FF953D1F980D176BFDCAFADE" author="Loomis" box="[381,570,1358,1381]" page="181" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="1939">
<bibRefCitation id="1B49C5A4FF953D1F980D176BFDFEFADE" author="Loomis" box="[381,526,1358,1381]" pageId="25" pageNumber="36" refString="Loomis, H. F. (1939) The millipeds collected in Appalachian caves by Mr. Kenneth Dearolf. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 86, 165 - 193." type="journal article" year="1939">Loomis 1939</bibRefCitation>
:181
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(not
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF953D1F9B02176AFCA6FADE" ID-CoL="7PZ7P" authority="Cope 1872" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1872" box="[626,854,1358,1382]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Scoterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF953D1F9B02176AFD29FADD" box="[626,729,1359,1382]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Scoterpes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1B49C5A4FF953D1F9B91176BFCA6FADE" author="Cope" box="[737,854,1358,1381]" pageId="25" pageNumber="35" refString="Cope, E. D. (1872) On the Wyandotte Cave and its fauna. American Naturalist, 6, 406 - 422." type="journal article" year="1872">Cope 1872</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF953D1F987817BCFEB7F990" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF953D1F987817BCFCB3FA08" blockId="25.[264,835,1433,1459]" box="[264,835,1433,1459]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF953D1F987817BCFE55FA09" box="[264,421,1433,1458]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF953D1F987817BCFECFFA09" box="[264,319,1433,1458]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Type</typeStatus>
species:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF953D1F98DC17BCFCB3FA08" authority="Loomis 1939" authorityName="Loomis" authorityYear="1939" box="[428,835,1433,1459]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Scoterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dendropus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF953D1F98DC17BCFD50FA09" box="[428,672,1433,1458]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Scoterpes dendropus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF953D1F987817CCFEB7F990" blockId="25.[264,1323,1513,1899]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF953D1F987817CCFE25F9B9" box="[264,469,1513,1538]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Included species:</emphasis>
Besides the
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF953D1F9B1D17CCFD53F9B8" box="[621,675,1513,1539]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">type</typeStatus>
,
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF953D1F9BDE17CCFC5CF9B9" box="[686,940,1513,1538]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF953D1F9BDE17CCFC58F9B9" box="[686,936,1513,1538]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Causeyella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="causeyae" status="sp. nov.">Causeyella causeyae</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="569FD93CFF953D1F9AC417CCFC05F9B8" box="[948,1013,1513,1539]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, and
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF953D1F9D4517CCFADAF9B9" box="[1077,1322,1513,1538]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF953D1F9D4517CCFAD6F9B9" box="[1077,1318,1513,1538]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Causeyella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="youngsteadtorum" status="sp. nov.">C. youngsteadtorum</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="569FD93CFF953D1F98781434FEB7F990" box="[264,327,1553,1579]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF953D1F9848141CFC3EF8D1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF953D1F9848141CFC3EF8D1" blockId="25.[264,1323,1513,1899]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF953D1F9848141CFE49F9E9" box="[312,441,1593,1618]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Blind, unpigmented, and with thirty segments, as in
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF953D1F9D40141CFB5AF9E9" box="[1072,1194,1593,1618]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF953D1F9D40141CFB55F9E9" box="[1072,1189,1593,1618]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Scoterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Scoterpes</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
but differing from that genus in the gonopods, in which the ectal coxites are placed directly posterior to the mesal, and in having the front faces of the coxae with trichomes. The gonopods are similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF953D1F9B7C1494FD63F971" box="[524,659,1713,1738]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF953D1F9B7C1494FD63F971" box="[524,659,1713,1738]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Trigenotyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, but in
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF953D1F9A361494FC39F971" box="[838,969,1713,1738]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Causeyella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF953D1F9A361494FC39F971" box="[838,969,1713,1738]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Causeyella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the coxae of the ninth legs are not strongly extended beyond the joint with the telopodite, and the anterior gonopod coxal faces lack ensiform setae. Prominent trichomes are present on the gonopod coxae of
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF953D1F9D801524FEA9F8F9" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Causeyella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF953D1F9D801524FEA9F8F9" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Causeyella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species; these are absent in
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF953D1F9BD3150CFCC0F8F9" box="[675,816,1833,1858]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF953D1F9BD3150CFCDCF8F9" box="[675,812,1833,1858]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trigenotyla</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Species of
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF953D1F9ACF150CFBB1F8F9" box="[959,1089,1833,1858]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Causeyella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF953D1F9ACF150CFBB1F8F9" box="[959,1089,1833,1858]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Causeyella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also average nearly twice the body length of species of
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF953D1F9BD81574FCEAF8D1" box="[680,794,1873,1898]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Scoterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF953D1F9BD81574FCEAF8D1" box="[680,794,1873,1898]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Scoterpes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF953D1F9A311574FC3EF8D1" box="[833,974,1873,1898]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF953D1F9A311574FC3AF8D1" box="[833,970,1873,1898]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trigenotyla</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF963D1C98481339FE65FEE5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF963D1C98481339FE65FEE5" blockId="26.[264,1323,284,1830]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF963D1C98481339FE4EFE8E" box="[312,446,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Etymology:</emphasis>
For the late Nell Bevel Causey, in recognition of her extensive work on trichopetalids.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF963D1C98481349FD3DFCDD" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF963D1C98481349FB96FE3D" blockId="26.[264,1323,284,1830]" box="[312,1126,364,390]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF963D1C98481349FE21FE3E" box="[312,465,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Distribution:</emphasis>
Caves in southwestern Missouri and northern Arkansas.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF963D1C984813B1FD3DFCDD" blockId="26.[264,1323,284,1830]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF963D1C984813B1FE74FE16" box="[312,388,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Notes:</emphasis>
No new descriptive information on any
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF963D1C9A1513B1FC17FE16" box="[869,999,404,429]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Causeyella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF963D1C9A1513B1FC17FE16" box="[869,999,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Causeyella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species has appeared since 1939.
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF963D1C982C1399FE2EFE6E" box="[348,478,444,469]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Causeyella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF963D1C982C1399FE2EFE6E" box="[348,478,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Causeyella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species are all evident troglobites of long standing, eyeless and unpigmented and with long legs and antennae. They are the largest trichopetalids, running up to
<quantity id="B82015B0FF963D1C98581029FE58FD9D" box="[296,424,524,550]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="12.0">12–13 mm</quantity>
long, about twice the length of typical
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF963D1C9AF71029FC09FD9E" box="[903,1017,524,549]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Scoterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF963D1C9AF71029FC09FD9E" box="[903,1017,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Scoterpes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, and nearly three times as long as
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF963D1C98BA1011FCF2FDF6" box="[458,770,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF963D1C98BA1011FD0DFDF6" box="[458,765,564,589]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Nannopetalum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vespertilio">Nannopetalum vespertilio</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
the smallest known trichopetalid. After studying a full range of species of
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF963D1C9B101079FD2AFDCE" box="[608,730,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF963D1C9B101079FD25FDCE" box="[608,725,604,629]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Scoterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Scoterpes</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
one is struck by how divergent
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF963D1C9D241079FB3FFDCE" box="[1108,1231,604,629]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Scoterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dendropus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF963D1C9D241079FB3FFDCE" box="[1108,1231,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">dendropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is from the other species originally placed in that genus. The two new Arkansas forms confirm the distinctiveness of this group of closely related species and at the same time point to a definite relationship with
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF963D1C9B6010F1FD6DFD56" box="[528,669,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF963D1C9B6010F1FD68FD56" box="[528,664,724,749]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trigenotyla</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
also from Arkansas (and Oklahoma). My remarks in 1972 (taken at face value by
<bibRefCitation id="1B49C5A4FF963D1C9B1510D9FC91FCAD" author="Peck" box="[613,865,764,790]" pageId="26" pageNumber="36" refString="Peck, S. B. &amp; Peck, J. H. (1982) Invertebrate fauna of Devils Den, a sandstone cave in northwestern Arkansas. Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, 36, 46 - 48." type="journal article" year="1982">Peck and Peck, 1982</bibRefCitation>
) that
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF963D1C9AD710D9FBE9FCAE" box="[935,1049,764,789]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Scoterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF963D1C9AD710D9FBE9FCAE" box="[935,1049,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Scoterpes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF963D1C9D2610D9FB2CFCAE" box="[1110,1244,764,789]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF963D1C9D2610D9FB2CFCAE" box="[1110,1244,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Trigenotyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
might someday have to be combined was based on consideration of
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF963D1C9A8B1101FB66FC86" box="[1019,1174,804,829]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Scoterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dendropus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF963D1C9A8B1101FB66FC86" box="[1019,1174,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">S. dendropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a typical
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF963D1C98781169FE72FCDE" box="[264,386,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF963D1C98781169FE8DFCDE" box="[264,381,844,869]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Scoterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Scoterpes</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
which it turns out not to be.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF963D1C98481151FC19F89D" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF963D1C98481151FD8EFA5D" blockId="26.[264,1323,284,1830]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF963D1C98481151FDDCFC36" ID-CoL="4VXL8" box="[312,556,884,909]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Scoterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dendropus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF963D1C98481151FDDCFC36" box="[312,556,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Scoterpes dendropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described by Loomis in 1939 from Marvel Cave, Stone Co., Missouri, and has been subsequently recorded from other caves in Stone, Barry and Taney Counties. The first mention of the genus for Arkansas was by
<bibRefCitation id="1B49C5A4FF963D1C9D5A11E1FEA9FBBD" author="McDaniel" pageId="26" pageNumber="36" refString="McDaniel, L., Rick, V. &amp; Smith, K. L. (1976) Cave fauna of Arkansas: Selected invertebrate taxa. Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, 30, 57 - 60." type="journal article" year="1976">McDaniel and Smith (1976)</bibRefCitation>
, who quote Causey (in litt.) to the effect of the presence of two new species in the state.
<bibRefCitation id="1B49C5A4FF963D1C98261631FCFAFB95" author="Youngsteadt" box="[342,778,1044,1070]" pageId="26" pageNumber="36" refString="Youngsteadt, N. W. &amp; Youngsteadt, J. O. (1978) A survey of some cave invertebrates from northern Arkansas. Arkansas Cave Studies, 1, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1978">Youngsteadt and Youngsteadt (1978)</bibRefCitation>
combine these two species in their records as “
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF963D1C98651619FE77FBEE" ID-CoL="7PZ7P" box="[277,391,1084,1109]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Scoterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF963D1C98651619FE77FBEE" box="[277,391,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Scoterpes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. MS.” Records of
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF963D1C9BD91619FCEBFBEE" ID-CoL="7PZ7P" box="[681,795,1084,1109]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Scoterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF963D1C9BD91619FCEBFBEE" box="[681,795,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Scoterpes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from southeastern Missouri (Jefferson and Franklin Counties, “unspecified sites” in Peck and Lewis, 1978) seem to be in error or may be based on misidentifications of
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF963D1C9BEA16A9FC13FB1D" ID-CoL="JYKY" authority="Loomis" authorityName="Loomis" box="[666,995,1164,1190]" class="Diplopoda" family="Conotylidae" genus="Austrotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="specus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF963D1C9BEA16A9FC9AFB1E" box="[666,874,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Austrotyla specus</emphasis>
(Loomis)
</taxonomicName>
. In my 1972 monograph, I made reference to, and mapped, a record of
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF963D1C9A4F1691FC4AFB76" ID-CoL="4VXL8" box="[831,954,1204,1229]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Scoterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dendropus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF963D1C9A4F1691FC4AFB76" box="[831,954,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">dendropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for Illinois Caverns, Monroe County, Illinois. Peck and Lewis (1978) call this “an old M. W. Sanderson record” but make no further reference. Sanderson’s collections are for the most part in NHSI, but no Illinois
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF963D1C98141709FE26FAFE" ID-CoL="7PZ7P" box="[356,470,1324,1349]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Scoterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF963D1C98141709FE26FAFE" box="[356,470,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Scoterpes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be found there. In a recent survey of cave life in southwestern Illinois,
<bibRefCitation id="1B49C5A4FF963D1C98381771FDD6FAD5" box="[328,550,1364,1390]" pageId="26" pageNumber="36" refString="Lewis, J. J., P. Moss, D. T. &amp; Nelson, M. E. (2003) A conservation focused inventory of subterranean invertebrates of the southwestern Illinois karst. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, 65, 9 - 21." type="journal article">Lewis et al. (2003)</bibRefCitation>
were not able to verify any Illinois records of
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF963D1C9D3A1771FB24FAD6" box="[1098,1236,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF963D1C9D3A1771FB20FAD6" ID-CoL="7NWKY" box="[1098,1232,1364,1389]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Causeyella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Causeyella</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Given the extensive work done on the cave faunas of Missouri and Illinois, I think it unlikely that
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF963D1C98781781FE7AFA06" ID-CoL="7NWKY" box="[264,394,1444,1469]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Causeyella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF963D1C98781781FE7AFA06" box="[264,394,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Causeyella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Illinois or from southeastern Missouri would have been overlooked, and these records should be deleted.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF963D1C984817D1FC19F89D" blockId="26.[264,1323,284,1830]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
As it now stands, the three species of
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF963D1C9B9C17D1FC9EF9B6" ID-CoL="7NWKY" box="[748,878,1524,1549]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Causeyella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF963D1C9B9C17D1FC9EF9B6" box="[748,878,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Causeyella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occupy three fairly disjunct areas, but all in the White River drainage. The species status of these populations is based on my ability to consistantly separate them, but it is possible that more detailed collecting work in northern Arkansas may reveal intermediates. More biogeographical notes are provided in the species accounts, but to summarize,
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF963D1C9B9E14B1FC0CF916" box="[750,1020,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF963D1C9B9E14B1FC09F916" ID-CoL="RXMM" box="[750,1017,1684,1709]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Causeyella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dendropus">Causeyella dendropus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
except for one Arkansas record (
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF963D1C98121499FE48F96D" box="[354,440,1724,1750]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="33.[264,367,992,1016]" captionTargetBox="[286,1315,315,981]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[278,1326,308,985]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 33: Inset map shows the eastern and midwestern United States; filled circles are records of species of Nannopetalum, box shows area of larger map (parts of Oklahoma, Arkansas and Missouri). On larger map, dashed lines are state borders, dotted lines county borders; open squares, Causeyella dendropus; filled squares, C. causeyae; half­filled squares, C. youngsteadtorum; filled circles, Trigenotyla parca; open circles, T. vaga; circles with lower half filled, T. blacki; circles with upper half filled, T. seminole." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157046/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
) is found north of the White River,
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF963D1C9A281499FBD3F96E" box="[856,1059,1724,1749]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Causeyella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="youngsteadtorum">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF963D1C9A281499FBD3F96E" box="[856,1059,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">youngsteadtorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(again but for a single record) confined to the region between the White and Buffalo Rivers, and
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF963D1C9DFA14C1FB0DF946" box="[1162,1277,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF963D1C9DFA14C1FB09F946" box="[1162,1273,1764,1789]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Causeyella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="causeyae">causeyae</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
the easternmost species, is found on both sides of the White River.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:identifier id="F1584C1BB4940FECCE07D57A23E095C1" type="GBIF-Dataset">8845a192-a81c-4e81-a280-e19c508ce7dd</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E0374EE7A043D81FCEDBC66E2610E6E8" type="ISSN">1175­5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DB274B228D1901DBAA6AAE71C1D14895" type="Zenodo-Dep">157036</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="F7710943FF993D11987817D1FD35FBC5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6273588" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119332275" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6273588" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F7710943FF993D11987817D1FD35FBC5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F7710943FF993D11987817D1FD35FBC5" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF993D13987817D1FE61F98A" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF993D13987817D1FDC5F9B5" blockId="21.[264,565,1524,1585]" box="[264,565,1524,1550]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="242F0F39FF993D13987817D1FDC5F9B5" bold="true" box="[264,565,1524,1550]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="1">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF993D13987817D1FDC5F9B5" bold="true" box="[264,565,1524,1550]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF993D13987817D1FE1AF9B5" bold="true" box="[264,490,1524,1550]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF993D13987817D1FE14F9B5" box="[264,484,1524,1550]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blacki" status="sp. nov.">Trigenotyla blacki</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="569FD93CFF993D13988217D1FDC5F9B5" box="[498,565,1524,1550]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF993D1398781432FE61F98A" blockId="21.[264,565,1524,1585]" box="[264,401,1559,1585]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF993D1398781432FE61F98A" box="[264,401,1559,1585]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 15" captionStartId="20.[264,382,1559,1583]" captionTargetBox="[336,1254,680,1540]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[331,1254,675,1548]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 15. Trigenotyla parca Causey, 12, gonopods, anterior view. Trigenotyla blacki n. sp., 13 – 15. 13, gonopods, anterior view. 14, male ninth legs, anterior view. 15, male right sixth leg, posterior view. Scale lines for Figs. 12 – 14 = 0.1 mm (100 µm), for Fig. 15, 0.5 mm (500 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157040/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs. 13–15</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF993D1398781442FDA0F8CA" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF993D1398781442FDA0F8CA" blockId="21.[264,1323,1639,1905]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF993D1398781442FEA2F93B" box="[264,338,1639,1664]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF993D1398781442FEB8F93B" box="[264,328,1639,1664]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Types</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
Male
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF993D1398D11442FDFBF93A" box="[417,523,1639,1665]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, one male and two female
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF993D139A3B1442FC4BF93A" box="[843,955,1639,1665]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
from Stansbury­January Cave,
<quantity id="B82015B0FF993D13987814AAFECFF912" box="[264,319,1679,1705]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.437376" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mi" value="4.0">4 mi</quantity>
. N of Colcord,
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF993D13988E14AAFD52F913" box="[510,674,1679,1704]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Delaware Co.</emphasis>
, Oklahoma, collected
<date id="0B669E95FF993D139AC014AAFB86F912" box="[944,1142,1679,1705]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1971-01-13">13 January 1971</date>
by J. H. Black (FSCA). The following specimens are
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF993D139B861492FC9BF96A" box="[758,875,1719,1745]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
: OKLAHOMA:
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF993D139D4F1492FB13F96B" box="[1087,1251,1719,1744]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Delaware Co</emphasis>
.: Jail House Cave,
<quantity id="B82015B0FF993D1398D614FAFE2FF942" box="[422,479,1759,1785]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.828032" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mi" value="3.0">3 mi</quantity>
. N of Choleta,
<date id="0B669E95FF993D139BE214FAFCB8F942" box="[658,840,1759,1785]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1971-01-01">1 January 1971</date>
, J. H. Black, juvenile; Bell’s Bluff Cave,
<quantity id="B82015B0FF993D1398781522FEB3F89A" box="[264,323,1799,1825]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.04672" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mi" value="5.0">5 mi</quantity>
. S of Jay,
<date id="0B669E95FF993D1398B11522FDAFF89A" box="[449,607,1799,1825]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1971-07-14">14 July 1971</date>
, J. H. Black, male; Twin Cave,
<quantity id="B82015B0FF993D139A921522FBEDF89A" box="[994,1053,1799,1825]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.04672" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mi" value="5.0">5 mi</quantity>
. W,
<quantity id="B82015B0FF993D139D231522FB7EF89A" box="[1107,1166,1799,1825]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.828032" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mi" value="3.0">3 mi</quantity>
. S of Jay,
<date id="0B669E95FF993D139C7D1522FE3DF8F2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1970-11-29">29 November 1970</date>
, J. H. Black, female.
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF993D139B9C150AFC94F8F3" box="[748,868,1839,1864]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Adair Co.</emphasis>
: Cave #AD­14,
<date id="0B669E95FF993D139D44150AFBA0F8F2" box="[1076,1104,1839,1865]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2003-01-11">11</date>
January 2003, G. Graening, D. Fenolio, male.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF9A3D1098481339FB36FEE5" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF9A3D1098481339FB36FEE5" blockId="22.[264,1325,284,870]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9A3D1098481339FE49FE8E" box="[312,441,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
The gonopod has ensiform setae like
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9A3D109AFA1339FC04FE8E" box="[906,1012,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9A3D109AFA1339FC1FFE8E" box="[906,1007,284,309]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parca">T. parca</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
but lacks an ectal coxite.
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9A3D1098781361FE2FFEE6" box="[264,479,324,349]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blacki">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9A3D1098781361FE2FFEE6" box="[264,479,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Trigenotyla blacki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has fewer ocelli, which are depigmented and in only two rows.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF9A3D1098481349FD1BFE15" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF9A3D1098481349FD1BFE15" blockId="22.[264,1325,284,870]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9A3D1098481349FE4FFE3E" box="[312,447,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Etymology:</emphasis>
for the collector, Jeffrey H. Black, recognizing his contributions (
<bibRefCitation id="1B49C5A4FF9A3D109DAD1349FEB4FE15" author="Black" pageId="22" pageNumber="35" refString="Black, J. H. (1971) The cave life of Oklahoma, a preliminary study (excluding Chiroptera). Oklahoma Underground, 4, 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="1971">Black, 1971</bibRefCitation>
) to the biospeleology of Oklahoma.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF9A3D1098481399FAD5FC85" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF9A3D1098481399FC89FDCD" blockId="22.[264,1325,284,870]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9A3D1098481399FE1BFE6E" box="[312,491,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Male
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF9A3D10980B1399FE13FE6E" box="[379,483,444,469]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
Length, 6.5 mm, width 0.9 mm. Color pale yellowish, unmarked. Segmental shoulders moderate; segmental setae to 80% body width. Eight to eleven ocelli, not pigmented, irregular in size and well­separated, in two rows (typically of 6–7 and 3 ocelli). Pregonopodal legs somewhat more crassate than postgonopodal legs, legpairs 6 (
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF9A3D109DB51011FAEBFDF5" box="[1221,1307,564,590]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 15" captionStartId="20.[264,382,1559,1583]" captionTargetBox="[336,1254,680,1540]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[331,1254,675,1548]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 15. Trigenotyla parca Causey, 12, gonopods, anterior view. Trigenotyla blacki n. sp., 13 – 15. 13, gonopods, anterior view. 14, male ninth legs, anterior view. 15, male right sixth leg, posterior view. Scale lines for Figs. 12 – 14 = 0.1 mm (100 µm), for Fig. 15, 0.5 mm (500 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157040/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
), 7 largest; prefemora of 6 curved, with basal swelling.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF9A3D10984810A1FC5FFCAD" blockId="22.[264,1325,284,870]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Gonopods (
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF9A3D1098B010A1FDE5FD25" box="[448,533,644,670]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 15" captionStartId="20.[264,382,1559,1583]" captionTargetBox="[336,1254,680,1540]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[331,1254,675,1548]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 15. Trigenotyla parca Causey, 12, gonopods, anterior view. Trigenotyla blacki n. sp., 13 – 15. 13, gonopods, anterior view. 14, male ninth legs, anterior view. 15, male right sixth leg, posterior view. Scale lines for Figs. 12 – 14 = 0.1 mm (100 µm), for Fig. 15, 0.5 mm (500 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157040/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
) much as described for
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9A3D109A5D10A1FC64FD26" box="[813,916,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9A3D109A5D10A1FC61FD26" box="[813,913,644,669]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parca">T. parca</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
but setae somewhat less ensiform, more clearly socketed, lateral group not raised on ectal shoulder; ectal coxites absent, mesal coxites more robust, fimbriate branch prominent. Legpair 9 (
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF9A3D109D2310F1FB5DFD55" box="[1107,1197,724,750]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 15" captionStartId="20.[264,382,1559,1583]" captionTargetBox="[336,1254,680,1540]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[331,1254,675,1548]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 15. Trigenotyla parca Causey, 12, gonopods, anterior view. Trigenotyla blacki n. sp., 13 – 15. 13, gonopods, anterior view. 14, male ninth legs, anterior view. 15, male right sixth leg, posterior view. Scale lines for Figs. 12 – 14 = 0.1 mm (100 µm), for Fig. 15, 0.5 mm (500 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157040/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
) as for
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9A3D109C6510F1FEA5FCAE" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9A3D109C6510F1FEBEFCAE" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parca">T. parca</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
legpairs 10, 11 with glands, otherwise unmodified.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF9A3D1098481101FAD5FC85" blockId="22.[264,1325,284,870]" box="[312,1317,804,830]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9A3D1098481101FDF9FC86" box="[312,521,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Female
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF9A3D1098E71101FDF3FC86" box="[407,515,804,829]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
Length, 6.4 mm, width 0.85 mm. Nonsexual characters as in male.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF9A3D1098481169FE61FA2D" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF9A3D1098481169FB21FCDD" blockId="22.[264,1325,284,870]" box="[312,1233,844,870]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9A3D1098481169FE21FCDE" box="[312,465,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Distribution:</emphasis>
Known only from caves in Delaware and Adair Cos., Oklahoma.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF9A3D10984811B9FD93FBBD" blockId="22.[264,1323,924,1270]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9A3D10984811B9FD97FC0E" box="[312,615,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Notes:
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9A3D1098FB11B9FD93FC0E" box="[395,611,924,949]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blacki">Trigenotyla blacki</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
unlike the preceeding species, shows troglobitic adaptations in its reduced ocelli and pale pigmentation. As such it is presently the only troglobitic milliped known from Oklahoma.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF9A3D1098481631FE10FB4D" blockId="22.[264,1323,924,1270]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Causey recognized this species as new, and labelled it “reducta,” a name which was never published.
<bibRefCitation id="1B49C5A4FF9A3D1098AB1619FD86FBED" author="Black" box="[475,630,1084,1110]" pageId="22" pageNumber="35" refString="Black, J. H. (1971) The cave life of Oklahoma, a preliminary study (excluding Chiroptera). Oklahoma Underground, 4, 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="1971">Black (1971)</bibRefCitation>
lists “two undescribed species” of
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9A3D109D671619FB6EFBEE" box="[1047,1182,1084,1109]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9A3D109D671619FB6EFBEE" box="[1047,1182,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Trigenotyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Oklahoma caves, as determined by Causey. However, the present study reveals that actually three species are involved (see below). The Delaware Co. records refer to
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9A3D109DE316A9FB13FB1E" box="[1171,1251,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9A3D109DE316A9FB2EFB1E" box="[1171,1246,1164,1189]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blacki">blacki</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
those from
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9A3D1098391691FE48FB75" box="[329,440,1204,1230]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seminole">Seminole</taxonomicName>
Co. to
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9A3D109B7E1691FD68FB76" box="[526,664,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9A3D109B7E1691FD61FB76" box="[526,657,1204,1229]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seminole" status="sp. nov.">T. seminole</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="569FD93CFF9A3D109BD21691FCC2FB75" box="[674,818,1204,1230]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, and those from Johnston and Murray Cos. to
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9A3D10985616F9FE10FB4D" authority="Causey." authorityName="Causey." box="[294,480,1244,1270]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vaga">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9A3D10985616F9FE8CFB4E" box="[294,380,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">T. vaga</emphasis>
Causey.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF9A3D1098781771FE61FA2D" blockId="22.[264,674,1364,1430]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9A3D1098781771FDF5FAD5" box="[264,517,1364,1390]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigneotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seminole" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9A3D1098781771FDF5FAD5" bold="true" box="[264,517,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Trigneotyla seminole</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="569FD93CFF9A3D109B651771FD52FAD5" box="[533,674,1364,1390]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF9A3D1098781759FE61FA2D" box="[264,401,1404,1430]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 19" captionStartId="23.[264,382,1789,1813]" captionTargetBox="[298,1285,1222,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[297,1290,1215,1775]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 19. Trigenotyla seminole, n. sp. 16, male right sixth leg, posterior view. 17, gonopods, anterior view. 18, male ninth legs, posterior view. 19, male right eleventh legpair, anterior view. Scale lines for Figs. 17 and 18 = 0.1 mm (100 µm), for Figs. 16 and 19, 0, 5 mm (500 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157041/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs. 16–19</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF9A3D10987817E9FCA6F93D" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF9A3D10987817E9FCA6F93D" blockId="22.[264,1323,1484,1870]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9A3D10987817E9FEA2FA5E" box="[264,338,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF9A3D10987817E9FEB8FA5E" box="[264,328,1484,1509]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Types</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
Male
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF9A3D1098EE17E9FDF8FA5D" box="[414,520,1484,1510]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, two male
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF9A3D109BF617E9FD06FA5D" box="[646,758,1484,1510]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
and one female
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF9A3D109AC717E9FBECFA5D" box="[951,1052,1484,1510]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
from Whiskey Cave,
<quantity id="B82015B0FF9A3D109C6C17E9FEDBF9B5" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4484096" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mi" value="9.0">9 mi</quantity>
. SE Bowlegs,
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9A3D10989117D1FDA0F9B5" box="[481,592,1524,1550]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigneotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seminole">Seminole</taxonomicName>
Co., Oklahoma, collected
<date id="0B669E95FF9A3D109AEA17D1FB96F9B5" box="[922,1126,1524,1550]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="1974-01-14">14 January 1974</date>
, by J. H. Black (FSCA). The following specimens (all collected in
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9A3D109A021439FC10F98D" box="[882,992,1564,1590]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigneotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seminole">Seminole</taxonomicName>
Co. by J. H. Black; FSCA) are
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF9A3D1098451461FE5AF9E5" box="[309,426,1604,1630]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
: Doolin Cave,
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NW of Sasakwa,
<date id="0B669E95FF9A3D109A0C1461FBC5F9E5" box="[892,1077,1604,1630]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="1974-03-14">14 March 1974</date>
, male; Cold Springs Cave,
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SE Bowlegs,
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, female.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF9A3D10984814B1FB4AF96D" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF9A3D10984814B1FB4AF96D" blockId="22.[264,1323,1484,1870]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9A3D10984814B1FE49F916" box="[312,441,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Resembles
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9A3D109B3514B1FD08F915" authority="Causey" authorityName="Causey" box="[581,760,1684,1710]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vaga">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9A3D109B3514B1FD6BF916" box="[581,667,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">T. vaga</emphasis>
Causey
</taxonomicName>
in having gonopod ectal coxites broad in lateral view, differs in the shape of those coxites, smaller size and lack of pigmentation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF9A3D10984814C1FB41F945" box="[312,1201,1764,1790]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF9A3D10984814C1FB41F945" blockId="22.[264,1323,1484,1870]" box="[312,1201,1764,1790]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9A3D10984814C1FE4EF946" box="[312,446,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Etymology:</emphasis>
The species name is a noun in apposition, for
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9A3D109AAF14C1FBBEF945" box="[991,1102,1764,1790]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigneotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seminole">Seminole</taxonomicName>
County.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF9A3D1198481529FAE6FD25" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF9A3D1198481529FCE6FEE5" blockId="22.[264,1323,1484,1870]" lastBlockId="23.[264,1323,284,1150]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9A3D1098481529FE1AF89E" box="[312,490,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Male
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF9A3D10980B1529FE13F89E" box="[379,483,1804,1829]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
Length, 5.0 mm, width 0.75 mm. Unpigmented. Segmental shoulders low; segmental setae (most rubbed off in
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF9A3D109B9C1511FCEEF8F5" box="[748,798,1844,1870]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">type</typeStatus>
series) about equal to body width. Fourteen to 17 round, well­pigmented ocelli in four rows forming triangular eyepatch. Pregonopodal legs enlarged, pair 6 (
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF9B3D119B401361FD75FEE5" box="[560,645,324,350]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 19" captionStartId="23.[264,382,1789,1813]" captionTargetBox="[298,1285,1222,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[297,1290,1215,1775]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 19. Trigenotyla seminole, n. sp. 16, male right sixth leg, posterior view. 17, gonopods, anterior view. 18, male ninth legs, posterior view. 19, male right eleventh legpair, anterior view. Scale lines for Figs. 17 and 18 = 0.1 mm (100 µm), for Figs. 16 and 19, 0, 5 mm (500 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157041/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
) the largest.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF9B3D1198481349FE24FDCD" blockId="23.[264,1323,284,1150]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
Gonopods (
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF9B3D1198B01349FDE5FE3D" box="[448,533,364,390]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 19" captionStartId="23.[264,382,1789,1813]" captionTargetBox="[298,1285,1222,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[297,1290,1215,1775]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 19. Trigenotyla seminole, n. sp. 16, male right sixth leg, posterior view. 17, gonopods, anterior view. 18, male ninth legs, posterior view. 19, male right eleventh legpair, anterior view. Scale lines for Figs. 17 and 18 = 0.1 mm (100 µm), for Figs. 16 and 19, 0, 5 mm (500 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157041/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
) with sternal lobes low; coxae not fused in midline; coxal setae not ensiform, in two groups, lateral group of 5 or 6 tightly clustered at distal ectal shoulder of coxa, mesal group of three near gonopod midline. Mesal coxites thin, evenly tapered, curved at tips, posterior edges not serrate; ectal coxites laterally flattened, in lateral view with 3 teeth. Ninth legpair (
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF9B3D119B271029FD5CFD9D" box="[599,684,524,550]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 19" captionStartId="23.[264,382,1789,1813]" captionTargetBox="[298,1285,1222,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[297,1290,1215,1775]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 19. Trigenotyla seminole, n. sp. 16, male right sixth leg, posterior view. 17, gonopods, anterior view. 18, male ninth legs, posterior view. 19, male right eleventh legpair, anterior view. Scale lines for Figs. 17 and 18 = 0.1 mm (100 µm), for Figs. 16 and 19, 0, 5 mm (500 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157041/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
) typical of genus, but with 2–3 vestigial articles distal to prefemur; coxal glands prominent; legpairs 10, 11 (
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF9B3D119AE51011FC1CFDF5" box="[917,1004,564,590]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 19" captionStartId="23.[264,382,1789,1813]" captionTargetBox="[298,1285,1222,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[297,1290,1215,1775]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 19. Trigenotyla seminole, n. sp. 16, male right sixth leg, posterior view. 17, gonopods, anterior view. 18, male ninth legs, posterior view. 19, male right eleventh legpair, anterior view. Scale lines for Figs. 17 and 18 = 0.1 mm (100 µm), for Figs. 16 and 19, 0, 5 mm (500 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157041/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
) with coxal glands, otherwise unmodified.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF9B3D11984810A1FAE6FD25" blockId="23.[264,1323,284,1150]" box="[312,1302,644,670]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9B3D11984810A1FDF9FD26" box="[312,521,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
Female
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF9B3D1198E710A1FDF3FD26" box="[407,515,644,669]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
Length 5.0 mm, width, 0.8 mm. Nonsexual characters as in male.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF9B3D1198481089FD35FBC5" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF9B3D1198481089FC48FCAE" blockId="23.[264,1323,284,1150]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9B3D1198481089FE21FD7E" box="[312,465,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Distribution:</emphasis>
Known only from caves in
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9B3D119A551089FC64FD7D" box="[805,916,684,710]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigneotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seminole">Seminole</taxonomicName>
Co., Oklahoma. All localites are north of the Canadian River, and it is hypothesized that this barrier separates the present species from the distribution of the closely related
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9B3D119A2A10D9FC48FCAE" box="[858,952,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9B3D119A2A10D9FC44FCAE" box="[858,948,764,789]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vaga">T. vaga</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF9B3D1198481101FC51FC35" blockId="23.[264,1323,284,1150]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9B3D1198481101FD74FC86" box="[312,644,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
Notes:
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9B3D1198FC1101FD74FC86" box="[396,644,804,829]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seminole">Trigenotyla seminole</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
populations are unpigmented or very lightly so, but have pigmented, well­formed, and numerous ocelli. Though the species has never been found on the surface, I suspect it is troglophilic, not troglobitic.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF9B3D11984811B9FD35FBC5" blockId="23.[264,1323,284,1150]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
Causey had labelled all Oklahoma
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9B3D119BAD11B9FC93FC0E" box="[733,867,924,949]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9B3D119BAD11B9FC93FC0E" box="[733,867,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Trigenotyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(aside from the Delaware Co. collections described above as
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9B3D119B4211E1FD6FFC66" box="[562,671,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9B3D119B4211E1FD65FC66" box="[562,661,964,989]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blacki">T. blacki</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
as “profunda,” an unpublished name. This judgement is reflected in Black’s (1971) treatment of Oklahoma
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9B3D119A0711C9FBF6FBBE" box="[887,1030,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9B3D119A0711C9FBF2FBBE" box="[887,1026,1004,1029]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trigenotyla</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
However,
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9B3D119DFB11C9FB0AFBBD" box="[1163,1274,1004,1030]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seminole">Seminole</taxonomicName>
Co. collections north of the Canadian River are clearly distinct from those south of the river in being smaller, less pigmented, and have differences in the gonopods and ninth legs. Thus they are named here as a new species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

243
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<paragraph id="7F67B855FF9D3D1798781024FDBDFDA0" blockId="17.[264,589,513,539]" box="[264,589,513,539]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<heading id="242F0F39FF9D3D1798781024FDBDFDA0" bold="true" box="[264,589,513,539]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="1">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9D3D1798781024FDBDFDA0" bold="true" box="[264,589,513,539]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Genus
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<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9D3D17982F1024FE1AFDA0" bold="true" box="[351,490,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Trigenotyla</emphasis>
Causey
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF9D3D1798781067FB7FFDE3" box="[264,1167,577,601]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF9D3D1798781067FB7FFDE3" blockId="17.[264,1167,577,601]" box="[264,1167,577,601]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="5FC89F7BFF9D3D1798781067FB7FFDE3" box="[264,1167,577,601]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9D3D1798781067FDB5FDE3" ID-CoL="7Q56B" authority="Causey 1951:118" authorityName="Causey" authorityPageNumber="118" authorityYear="1951" box="[264,581,577,601]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9D3D1798781067FE73FDE2" box="[264,387,578,601]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Trigenotyla</emphasis>
Causey 1951:118
</taxonomicName>
; 1959:76.
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<bibRefCitation id="1B49C5A4FF9D3D179BCC1064FCCEFDE3" author="Shear" box="[700,830,577,600]" pageId="17" pageNumber="36" refString="Shear, W. A. (1972) Studies in the milliped Order Chordeumida (Diplopoda): a revision of the Family Cleidogonidae and a reclassification of the Order Chordeumida in the New World. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 144, 151 - 352." type="journal article" year="1972">Shear, 1972</bibRefCitation>
:280
</treatmentCitation>
. Hoffman, 1999:238 (list).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF9D3D179878105AFAEAFD58" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF9D3D179878105AFCD5FD22" blockId="17.[264,805,639,665]" box="[264,805,639,665]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9D3D179878105AFE55FD23" box="[264,421,639,664]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF9D3D179878105AFECFFD23" box="[264,319,639,664]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Type</typeStatus>
species:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9D3D1798DC105AFCD1FD22" authority="Causey 1951" authorityName="Causey" authorityYear="1951" box="[428,801,639,665]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parca">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9D3D1798DC105AFD8EFD23" box="[428,638,639,664]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Trigenotyla parca</emphasis>
Causey 1951
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF9D3D17987810EFFAEAFD58" blockId="17.[264,1324,713,1899]" box="[264,1306,713,739]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9D3D17987810EFFE24FD58" box="[264,468,714,739]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Included species:</emphasis>
The
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF9D3D179B6110ECFDB6FD58" box="[529,582,713,739]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">type</typeStatus>
,
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9D3D179B2210EFFCB9FD58" authority="Causey 1959" authorityName="Causey" authorityYear="1959" box="[594,841,713,739]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vaga">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9D3D179B2210EFFD55FD58" box="[594,677,714,739]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T. vaga</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1B49C5A4FF9D3D179BDF10ECFCB9FD58" author="Causey" box="[687,841,713,739]" pageId="17" pageNumber="35" refString="Causey, N. B. (1959) A second species of the milliped genus Trigenotyla (Chordeumidea: Conotylidae: Trichopetalinae: Scoterpini). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 72, 75 - 78." type="journal article" year="1959">Causey 1959</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9D3D179A2510EFFC32FD58" box="[853,962,714,739]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9D3D179A2510EFFC4DFD58" box="[853,957,714,739]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blacki" status="sp. nov.">T. blacki</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="569FD93CFF9D3D179AB910ECFBF9FD58" box="[969,1033,713,739]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, and
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9D3D179D3710EFFB23FD58" box="[1095,1235,714,739]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9D3D179D3710EFFB3FFD58" box="[1095,1231,714,739]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seminole" status="sp. nov.">T. seminole</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="569FD93CFF9D3D179DAB10ECFAEAFD58" box="[1243,1306,713,739]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF9D3D17984810D7FCC3FC38" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF9D3D17984810D7FCC3FC38" blockId="17.[264,1324,713,1899]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9D3D17984810D7FE49FCB0" box="[312,441,754,779]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Closely related to
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9D3D179BD310D7FCEEFCB0" box="[675,798,754,779]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Causeylla,</emphasis>
but differing in the ninth legs of males, in which the coxae extend distal to the articulation with the telopodite. The anterior surfaces of the gonopod coxae lack trichomes. All species with 30 trunk segments; Causey (1951) originally stated that
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9D3D179B70114CFD91FC39" box="[512,609,873,898]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parca">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9D3D179B70114CFD91FC39" box="[512,609,873,898]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T. parca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had 28 segments.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF9D3D14984811B4FEA1FBC5" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF9D3D17984811B4FB2DFC10" blockId="17.[264,1324,713,1899]" box="[312,1245,913,939]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9D3D17984811B4FE21FC11" box="[312,465,913,938]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Distribution:</emphasis>
Northwestern Arkansas, northeastern and southcentral Oklahoma.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF9D3D179848119CFD15FB78" blockId="17.[264,1324,713,1899]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9D3D179848119CFDE7FC69" box="[312,535,953,978]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Notes:
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9D3D1798E0119CFDE7FC69" box="[400,535,953,978]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trigenotyla</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
species are often, but not always, collected in caves; for many areas, caves are more heavily collected than forest litter habitats, and this may contribute to the preponderance of cave records for this genus. Only
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9D3D179AA8162CFBCDFB99" box="[984,1085,1033,1058]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blacki">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9D3D179AA8162CFBCDFB99" box="[984,1085,1033,1058]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T. blacki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems restricted to caves, and only this species shows any troglomorphic adapatations (reduced eyes). It is also very likely that surface populations of Oklahoma
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9D3D179AE5167CFBEBFBC9" box="[917,1051,1113,1138]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9D3D179AE5167CFBEBFBC9" box="[917,1051,1113,1138]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Trigenotyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species are active and available for collection in the winter rather than the hot, dry summers that prevail in the region; little collecting is done in winter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF9D3D17984816F4FDFEFA30" blockId="17.[264,1324,713,1899]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
The distribution of
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9D3D179B5616F4FD5DFB51" box="[550,685,1233,1258]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9D3D179B5616F4FD5DFB51" box="[550,685,1233,1258]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Trigenotyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as now understood can be divided into two distinct regions.
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9D3D17980516DCFDB6FAA9" box="[373,582,1273,1298]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parca">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9D3D17980516DCFDB6FAA9" box="[373,582,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Trigenotyla parca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from caves and epigean sites in northwestern Arkansas, while
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9D3D1798F61704FE1DFA81" box="[390,493,1313,1338]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blacki">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9D3D1798F61704FE1DFA81" box="[390,493,1313,1338]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T. blacki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been found in caves across the border in northeastern Oklahoma. The other region is in southcentral Oklahoma, in
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9D3D179A13176CFC25FAD8" box="[867,981,1353,1379]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seminole">Seminole</taxonomicName>
, Johnston, Murray, LeFlore, and Latimer Counties.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF9D3D17984817BCFE74F8A1" blockId="17.[264,1324,713,1899]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Latimer County is the
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF9D3D179B3617BCFD89FA08" box="[582,633,1433,1459]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">type</typeStatus>
locality of
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9D3D179A7417BCFCCDFA09" box="[772,829,1433,1458]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vaga">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9D3D179A7417BCFCCDFA09" box="[772,829,1433,1458]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">vaga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and, with LeFlore County, is a good distance east of the other records. Causey labelled the more western collections as “profunda,” suggesting that she believed them to be a new species. Unfortunately, the
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF9D3D179DA717CCFAFAF9B8" box="[1239,1290,1513,1539]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9D3D1798781434FEADF991" box="[264,349,1553,1578]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vaga">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9D3D1798781434FEADF991" box="[264,349,1553,1578]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T. vaga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only known male specimen, and the gonopods, originally mounted on a slide (AMNH), have been lost (L. Sorkin, pers. comm. 2002). I found that
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9D3D179D4C141CFB33F9E9" box="[1084,1219,1593,1618]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9D3D179D4C141CFB33F9E9" box="[1084,1219,1593,1618]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Trigenotyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
south of the Canadian River in Murray and Johnston Counties closely conformed to the illustrations of
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9D3D17981D14ACFE56F919" box="[365,422,1673,1698]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vaga">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9D3D17981D14ACFE56F919" box="[365,422,1673,1698]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">vaga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
provided by
<bibRefCitation id="1B49C5A4FF9D3D179B3814ACFD08F918" author="Causey" box="[584,760,1673,1699]" pageId="17" pageNumber="35" refString="Causey, N. B. (1959) A second species of the milliped genus Trigenotyla (Chordeumidea: Conotylidae: Trichopetalinae: Scoterpini). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 72, 75 - 78." type="journal article" year="1959">Causey (1959)</bibRefCitation>
, while there were differences in the specimens from
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9D3D17983D1494FE4CF970" box="[333,444,1713,1739]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seminole">Seminole</taxonomicName>
County north of the Canadian. Therefore, I am naming the
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9D3D179DCC1494FADBF970" box="[1212,1323,1713,1739]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seminole">Seminole</taxonomicName>
county specimens as a new species,
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9D3D179BDF14FCFCC9F949" box="[687,825,1753,1778]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9D3D179BDF14FCFCC2F949" box="[687,818,1753,1778]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seminole">T. seminole</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and referring specimens south of the river to
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9D3D1798561524FE74F8A1" box="[294,388,1793,1818]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9D3D1798561524FE70F8A1" box="[294,384,1793,1818]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vaga">T. vaga</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF9D3D149848150CFC04FEE5" blockId="17.[264,1324,713,1899]" lastBlockId="18.[264,1323,284,1150]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
I predict that
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9D3D1798AC150CFD92F8F9" box="[476,610,1833,1858]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9D3D1798AC150CFD92F8F9" box="[476,610,1833,1858]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Trigenotyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species will be found generally in suitable habitats (caves, riverine forests) throughout eastern Oklahoma and western Arkansas when collectors are in the right place at the right time. It also seems likely that the genus will turn up in southwestern Missouri, southeastern Kansas, and northeastern Texas.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF9E3D1498481349FD4AFD55" blockId="18.[264,1323,284,1150]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9E3D1498481349FE4FFE3E" box="[312,447,364,389]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9E3D1498481349FE4FFE3E" box="[312,447,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Trigenotyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gonopods are similar in general appearance to those of
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9E3D149D361349FB38FE3E" box="[1094,1224,364,389]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Causeyella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9E3D149D361349FB38FE3E" box="[1094,1224,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Causeyella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, but in some respects seem more apomorphic. The gonopod setae tend to be ensiform, distinctly so in
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9E3D1498ED1399FDF3FE6E" box="[413,515,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9E3D1498ED1399FE0CFE6E" box="[413,508,444,469]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parca">T. parca</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and are divided into two groups, with the typical 3 basal setae. The mesal coxite is broad in two species (
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9E3D149BB513C1FCBAFE46" box="[709,842,484,509]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seminole">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9E3D149BB513C1FCBAFE46" box="[709,842,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">T. seminole</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9E3D149AF513C1FC2AFE46" box="[901,986,484,509]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vaga">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9E3D149AF513C1FC2AFE46" box="[901,986,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">T. vaga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), thin and acute in
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9E3D149DB213C1FAD8FE46" box="[1218,1320,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9E3D149DB213C1FAD1FE46" box="[1218,1313,484,509]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parca">T. parca</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and absent in
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9E3D1498D91029FDE4FD9E" box="[425,532,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9E3D1498D91029FDE1FD9E" box="[425,529,524,549]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blacki">T. blacki</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The ectal coxite in the former two species is very much like that of species of
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9E3D1498F71011FDF9FDF6" box="[391,521,564,589]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Causeyella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9E3D1498F71011FDF9FDF6" box="[391,521,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Causeyella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and suggests that the latter two are apomorphic in the reduction of the structure. Trichomes are absent from the surfaces of the gonopod coxae, though under high magnification the coxae can be seen to be minutely roughened with tiny, conical projections. It is not clear at present if this is apomorphic (loss of trichomes) or plesiomorphic (partially developed trichomes).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF9E3D14983010D9FEA1FBC5" blockId="18.[264,1323,284,1150]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
The ninth legs of males are unique among trichopetalids in that the L­shaped coxa is extended distad to the articulation of the telopodite, a modification hinted at in some
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9E3D149D801101FEA9FCDE" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Causeyella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9E3D149D801101FEA9FCDE" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Causeyella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. Causey (1951) called the basal podomere a coxoprefemur, but if it is homologous to the same podomeres in other trichopetalids, it is the coxa alone, and the large distal joint includes the prefemur and other distal podomeres. In one species (
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9E3D149DA711B9FEB2FC66" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seminole">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9E3D149DA711B9FEB2FC66" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">T. seminole</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) there are tiny vestigial podomeres at the end of the prefemur. The form of the prefemur and the presence of these vestigial podomeres suggests that the telopodite article is only the prefemur, and unlike the situation in other genera, does not result from the fusion of other podomeres. The ninth coxa also has an unusually distinct, but likely vestigial, gland.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="67B13915564F456837DE6247BD1DEC11">The milliped family Trichopetalidae, Part 1: Introduction and Genera Trigenotyla Causey, Nannopetalum n. gen., and Causeyella n. gen. (Diplopoda: Chordeumatida, Cleidogonoidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BB8B4E7265AB1EABDC0B2C1608F7B86A">Shear, William A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="FBD0A53DBC4DFB10A226A1D453782754">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="16EC4BF392BEF55C17E6916D85CEFBD5">2003</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="10FC0324F61590DBBD1042E9318B0A74" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.157036</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F7710943FF9E3D13987814E9FDDDFA2D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6273584" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119332272" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6273584" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F7710943FF9E3D13987814E9FDDDFA2D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F7710943FF9E3D13987814E9FDDDFA2D" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF9E3D14987814E9FE72F8B2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF9E3D14987814E9FDB1F95D" blockId="18.[264,577,1740,1801]" box="[264,577,1740,1766]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="242F0F39FF9E3D14987814E9FDB1F95D" bold="true" box="[264,577,1740,1766]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9E3D14987814E9FDB1F95D" ID-CoL="58QHC" authority="Causey" authorityName="Causey" box="[264,577,1740,1766]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parca">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9E3D14987814E9FDB1F95D" bold="true" box="[264,577,1740,1766]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9E3D14987814E9FE2EF95D" bold="true" box="[264,478,1740,1766]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Trigenotyla parca</emphasis>
Causey
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF9E3D14987814CAFE72F8B2" blockId="18.[264,577,1740,1801]" box="[264,386,1775,1801]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF9E3D14987814CAFE72F8B2" box="[264,386,1775,1801]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 9 – 11" captionStart-1="FIGURES 12 – 15" captionStartId-0="19.[264,382,1516,1540]" captionStartId-1="20.[264,382,1559,1583]" captionTargetBox-0="[332,1260,322,1505]" captionTargetBox-1="[336,1254,680,1540]" captionTargetId-0="figure@19.[332,1260,321,1508]" captionTargetId-1="figure@20.[331,1254,675,1548]" captionTargetPageId-0="19" captionTargetPageId-1="20" captionText-0="FIGURES 9 – 11. SEMs of Trigenotyla parca Causey. 9, gonopods, anterior view. 10, ensiform setae of gonopod, anterior view. 11, ninth legs of male, anterior view. Scale lines as labelled." captionText-1="FIGURES 12 – 15. Trigenotyla parca Causey, 12, gonopods, anterior view. Trigenotyla blacki n. sp., 13 – 15. 13, gonopods, anterior view. 14, male ninth legs, anterior view. 15, male right sixth leg, posterior view. Scale lines for Figs. 12 – 14 = 0.1 mm (100 µm), for Fig. 15, 0.5 mm (500 µm)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/157039/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/157040/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs. 9–12</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7F67B855FF9E3D1498781511FBBEF8F0" blockId="18.[264,1102,1844,1867]" box="[264,1102,1844,1867]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="5FC89F7BFF9E3D1498781511FBBEF8F0" box="[264,1102,1844,1867]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9E3D1498781511FD79F8F0" ID-CoL="58QHC" authority="Causey 1951:118" authorityName="Causey" authorityPageNumber="118" authorityYear="1951" box="[264,649,1844,1867]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parca">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9E3D1498781511FE37F8F0" box="[264,455,1844,1867]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Trigenotyla parca</emphasis>
Causey 1951:118
</taxonomicName>
, figs. 1–5;
<treatmentCitation id="FE799E44FF9E3D149B8F1511FC5AF8F0" author="Shear" box="[767,938,1844,1867]" page="280" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1972">
<bibRefCitation id="1B49C5A4FF9E3D149B8F1511FC8CF8F0" author="Shear" box="[767,892,1844,1867]" pageId="18" pageNumber="36" refString="Shear, W. A. (1972) Studies in the milliped Order Chordeumida (Diplopoda): a revision of the Family Cleidogonidae and a reclassification of the Order Chordeumida in the New World. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 144, 151 - 352." type="journal article" year="1972">Shear 1972</bibRefCitation>
:280
</treatmentCitation>
. figs. 527, 528.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<caption id="2BA7E8DDFF9F3D15987817C9FB02F99D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157039/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" targetBox="[332,1260,322,1505]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF9F3D15987817C9FB02F99D" blockId="19.[264,1322,1516,1574]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9F3D15987817C9FE31F9BF" bold="true" box="[264,449,1516,1540]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">FIGURES 9–11.</emphasis>
SEMs of
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF9F3D159B4517C8FCA4F9B8" ID-CoL="58QHC" authority="Causey." authorityName="Causey." box="[565,852,1516,1540]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parca">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9F3D159B4517C8FD07F9BF" box="[565,759,1517,1540]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Trigenotyla parca</emphasis>
Causey.
</taxonomicName>
9, gonopods, anterior view. 10, ensiform setae of gonopod, anterior view. 11, ninth legs of male, anterior view. Scale lines as labelled.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF9F3D159878145DFEA2F92A" box="[264,338,1656,1681]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF9F3D159878145DFEB8F92A" box="[264,328,1656,1681]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Types</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
Male
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF9F3D1598DB1452FDE5F92A" box="[427,533,1655,1681]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
,
<specimenCount id="69DE73DCFF9F3D159B561452FD8BF92A" box="[550,635,1655,1681]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="male">5 male</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="69DE73DCFF9F3D159BCF1452FCDBF92A" box="[703,811,1655,1681]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="female">5 female</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF9F3D159A481452FC58F92A" box="[824,936,1655,1681]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
from Blue Spring, Carrol Co., Arkansas, collected
<date id="0B669E95FF9F3D15988A14BAFD35F902" box="[506,709,1695,1721]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1949-10-29">29 October 1949</date>
(FSCA). Causey (1951) stated the
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF9F3D159D0314BAFB41F902" box="[1139,1201,1695,1721]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">types</typeStatus>
would be deposited in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, but there is no record they ever arrived there. Hoffman (1999) suggests, with a question mark, the Illinois Natural History Survey, where other specimens described in the same paper wound up, but the material is not to be found there, either. The Florida State Collection of Arthropods received Causey’s personal collection after her death. There I found specimens with the appropriate data labelled as
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF983D129BFE1361FCF1FEE5" box="[654,769,324,350]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, but unfortunately at some point the vial had been filled with water, not alcohol, and the specimens had rotted to bits. Another vial was labelled by Causey as “Trigentalum glesum Causey, male
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF983D129AC813B1FBD2FE15" box="[952,1058,404,430]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, female
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF983D129DF613B1FB1EFE15" box="[1158,1262,404,430]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
” and with the same collection data as given above. These specimens are undoubtedly the
<typeStatus id="A06306F7FF983D129D9C1399FADAFE6D" box="[1260,1322,444,470]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">types</typeStatus>
of
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF983D12985713C1FDF1FE46" box="[295,513,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF983D12985713C1FE0CFE46" ID-CoL="58QHC" box="[295,508,484,509]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parca">Trigenotyla parca</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
However, the gonopods of the male are missing, and while Causey’s collection included a box of microscope slides on which trichopetalid genitalia had been permanently mounted, a slide of
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF983D129BFA1011FD18FDF6" ID-CoL="58QHC" box="[650,744,564,589]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parca">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF983D129BFA1011FD18FDF6" box="[650,744,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">T. parca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not among them.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="2BA7E8DDFF983D1298781432FAD2F9CF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157040/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" targetBox="[336,1254,680,1540]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF983D1298781432FAD2F9CF" blockId="20.[264,1325,1559,1652]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF983D1298781432FE20F994" bold="true" box="[264,464,1559,1583]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">FIGURES 12–15.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF983D129891143DFD0AF995" authority="Causey" authorityName="Causey" box="[481,762,1559,1583]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parca">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF983D129891143DFD51F994" box="[481,673,1560,1583]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Trigenotyla parca</emphasis>
Causey
</taxonomicName>
, 12, gonopods, anterior view.
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF983D129D3A143DFAFEF994" box="[1098,1294,1560,1583]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blacki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF983D129D3A143DFAFEF994" box="[1098,1294,1560,1583]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Trigenotyla blacki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="569FD93CFF983D129C661432FED8F9EA" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 13–15. 13, gonopods, anterior view. 14, male ninth legs, anterior view. 15, male right sixth leg, posterior view. Scale lines for Figs. 12–14 = 0.1 mm (100 µm), for Fig. 15, 0.5 mm (500 µm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF983D1298481487FC73F8B7" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF983D1298481487FC73F8B7" blockId="20.[264,1323,1698,1884]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF983D1298481487FE49F900" box="[312,441,1698,1723]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Distinct in the needle­like ectal coxite from
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF983D129AB21487FBB6F900" box="[962,1094,1698,1723]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seminole">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF983D129AB21487FBB6F900" box="[962,1094,1698,1723]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">T. seminole</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF983D129D0F1487FB2AF900" box="[1151,1242,1698,1723]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF983D129D0F1487FB23F900" box="[1151,1235,1698,1723]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vaga">T. vaga</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
where this structure is laminate and toothed; the latter two species also lack ensiform gonopod setae. In
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF983D12980814D7FE2DF8B0" box="[376,477,1778,1803]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blacki">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF983D12980814D7FE2DF8B0" box="[376,477,1778,1803]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">T. blacki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the ectal coxite is entirely missing.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF983D129848153FFD78F8E7" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF983D129848153FFD78F8E7" blockId="20.[264,1323,1698,1884]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF983D129848153FFDFAF888" box="[312,522,1818,1843]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Etymology:
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF983D1298B7153FFDFAF888" box="[455,522,1818,1843]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parca">parca</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is a Latin adjective meaning (in this sense) “small.” A more common meaning is “frugal, thrifty.”
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF993D1398481339FEB9FCDD" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF993D1398481339FD08FE6D" blockId="21.[264,1324,284,1430]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF993D1398481339FDBFFE8E" box="[312,591,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Male from Blue Spring:</emphasis>
Length, 6.7 mm, width 1.0 mm. Color brown, mottled darker especially along dorsal midline. Segmental setae on midbody segments equal to segment width, segmental shoulders prominent, paranota­like. Fifteen to 17 ocelli in four irregular rows forming triangular eyepatch. Pregonopodal legs slightly crassate; femora of sixth legs enlarged, with distal ventral swelling.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF993D13984813C1FBA3FCAD" blockId="21.[264,1324,284,1430]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Gonopods (
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF993D1398B313C1FDE8FE45" box="[451,536,484,510]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 11" captionStartId="19.[264,382,1516,1540]" captionTargetBox="[332,1260,322,1505]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[332,1260,321,1508]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 11. SEMs of Trigenotyla parca Causey. 9, gonopods, anterior view. 10, ensiform setae of gonopod, anterior view. 11, ninth legs of male, anterior view. Scale lines as labelled." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157039/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF993D139B5613C1FDB4FE45" box="[550,580,484,510]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 15" captionStartId="20.[264,382,1559,1583]" captionTargetBox="[336,1254,680,1540]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[331,1254,675,1548]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 15. Trigenotyla parca Causey, 12, gonopods, anterior view. Trigenotyla blacki n. sp., 13 – 15. 13, gonopods, anterior view. 14, male ninth legs, anterior view. 15, male right sixth leg, posterior view. Scale lines for Figs. 12 – 14 = 0.1 mm (100 µm), for Fig. 15, 0.5 mm (500 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157040/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">12</figureCitation>
) with prominent sternal swellings; coxae (
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF993D139D3613C1FB90FE46" box="[1094,1120,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">cx</emphasis>
,
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF993D139D0113C1FB48FE45" box="[1137,1208,484,510]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 11" captionStartId="19.[264,382,1516,1540]" captionTargetBox="[332,1260,322,1505]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[332,1260,321,1508]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 11. SEMs of Trigenotyla parca Causey. 9, gonopods, anterior view. 10, ensiform setae of gonopod, anterior view. 11, ninth legs of male, anterior view. Scale lines as labelled." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157039/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
) fused in midline, bearing two groups of prominent strongly ensiform setae (
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF993D139D401029FB79FD9D" box="[1072,1161,524,550]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 11" captionStartId="19.[264,382,1516,1540]" captionTargetBox="[332,1260,322,1505]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[332,1260,321,1508]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 11. SEMs of Trigenotyla parca Causey. 9, gonopods, anterior view. 10, ensiform setae of gonopod, anterior view. 11, ninth legs of male, anterior view. Scale lines as labelled." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157039/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
); lateral setal group of 16–22 arranged along lateral margins of coxae, distally raised on strong lobe at lateral distal margin. mesal group of 3 setae near midline. Anterior coxites (
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF993D139DD01079FB3AFDCE" box="[1184,1226,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">aac</emphasis>
,
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF993D139DAB1079FAD0FDCD" box="[1243,1312,604,630]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 11" captionStartId="19.[264,382,1516,1540]" captionTargetBox="[332,1260,322,1505]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[332,1260,321,1508]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 11. SEMs of Trigenotyla parca Causey. 9, gonopods, anterior view. 10, ensiform setae of gonopod, anterior view. 11, ninth legs of male, anterior view. Scale lines as labelled." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157039/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
) curved, acute, posterior edges irregularly serrate; ectal coxites (
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF993D139D7110A1FBC2FD26" box="[1025,1074,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">pac,</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF993D139D4C10A1FB73FD25" box="[1084,1155,644,670]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 11" captionStartId="19.[264,382,1516,1540]" captionTargetBox="[332,1260,322,1505]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[332,1260,321,1508]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 11. SEMs of Trigenotyla parca Causey. 9, gonopods, anterior view. 10, ensiform setae of gonopod, anterior view. 11, ninth legs of male, anterior view. Scale lines as labelled." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157039/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
) thin, needlelike; fimbriate branch relatively large (
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF993D139B901089FCCBFD7D" box="[736,827,684,710]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 15" captionStartId="20.[264,382,1559,1583]" captionTargetBox="[336,1254,680,1540]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[331,1254,675,1548]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 15. Trigenotyla parca Causey, 12, gonopods, anterior view. Trigenotyla blacki n. sp., 13 – 15. 13, gonopods, anterior view. 14, male ninth legs, anterior view. 15, male right sixth leg, posterior view. Scale lines for Figs. 12 – 14 = 0.1 mm (100 µm), for Fig. 15, 0.5 mm (500 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157040/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
). Ninth legpair (
<figureCitation id="E7E3A4D0FF993D139D621089FB99FD7D" box="[1042,1129,684,710]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 11" captionStartId="19.[264,382,1516,1540]" captionTargetBox="[332,1260,322,1505]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[332,1260,321,1508]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 11. SEMs of Trigenotyla parca Causey. 9, gonopods, anterior view. 10, ensiform setae of gonopod, anterior view. 11, ninth legs of male, anterior view. Scale lines as labelled." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157039/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
) with L­shaped coxae bearing vestigial glands; telopodite of single article (prefemur) arises near midpoint on ectal side. Legpairs 10, 11 with coxal glands, otherwise unmodified.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF993D1398481101FEB9FCDD" blockId="21.[264,1324,284,1430]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF993D1398481101FD87FC86" box="[312,631,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Female from Blue Spring:</emphasis>
6.4 mm long, 0.9 mm wide, nonsexual characters as in male.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C2EBDEFF993D1398481151FDDDFA2D" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF993D1398481151FDEEFBED" blockId="21.[264,1324,284,1430]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF993D1398481151FE21FC36" box="[312,465,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Distribution:</emphasis>
Material examined: ARKANSAS:
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF993D139A031151FBE5FC36" box="[883,1045,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Madison Co.:</emphasis>
Combs, no collector or date, male (FSCA).
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF993D13988F11B9FD63FC0E" box="[511,659,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Newton Co.:</emphasis>
Bat Cave, T15N, R23W, sec. 15,
<date id="0B669E95FF993D139D6C11B9FBDBFC0D" box="[1052,1067,924,950]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1977-06-08">8</date>
June 1977, no collector, female (FSCA); Len House Cave, Buffalo National River,
<date id="0B669E95FF993D139A9F11E1FB7BFC65" box="[1007,1163,964,990]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1977-07-15">15 July 1977</date>
, no collector, males, females (FSCA).
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF993D139B5E11C9FD02FBBE" box="[558,754,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Washington Co.:</emphasis>
Granny Dean Cave,
<quantity id="B82015B0FF993D139A9611C9FBD9FBBD" box="[998,1065,1004,1030]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.609344" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mi" value="10.0">10 mi</quantity>
S Fayetteville,
<date id="0B669E95FF993D139DAF11C9FEB5FB95" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1969-06-09">9 June 1969</date>
, S.&amp; J. Peck, male (WAS); Devils Den State Park,
<date id="0B669E95FF993D139AE51631FBDEFB95" box="[917,1070,1044,1070]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1949-07-13">13 July 1949</date>
, M. W. Sanderson, L. Stannard, male (INHS).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF993D1398481641FC95FB4D" blockId="21.[264,1324,284,1430]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Causey (1951) states that the species has been collected at “several places” in Washington Co., but I have seen no specimens aside from the records listed above. I predict that
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF993D1398781691FE9BFB76" box="[264,363,1204,1229]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parca">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF993D1398781691FE9BFB76" box="[264,363,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">T. parca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
will be found generally throughout Arkansas north of the Canadian River, and probably also in adjoining Oklahoma and Missouri.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F67B855FF993D1398481721FDDDFA2D" blockId="21.[264,1324,284,1430]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF993D1398481721FE74FAA6" box="[312,388,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Notes:</emphasis>
While it is likely that all the records are from caves, in two cases specific caves are not mentioned in the data. But trichopetalids are not likely to be captured outside caves in summer. The pigmentation and well­developed eyes suggest that
<taxonomicName id="B8D8C3D6FF993D139D0C1771FB2CFAD6" box="[1148,1244,1364,1389]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trichopetalidae" genus="Trigenotyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parca">
<emphasis id="4DAC6447FF993D139D0C1771FB2CFAD6" box="[1148,1244,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">T. parca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is troglophilic, not troglobitic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

208
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<taxonomicName id="35DAEA556AA06398DDE44E96CABFC8BF" ID-CoL="33CBH" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cyperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageNumber="1392" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glomeratus">
<emphasis id="82C65B520B17D0A661307F2938F86CCF" italics="true" pageNumber="1402">Cyperus glomeratus</emphasis>
L.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="246882830B2104C7CA0942CBC81DA153" pageNumber="1402">
Artbeschreibung: 20-100(-200) cm hoch.
<normalizedToken id="92AB49BFB00E81A8E74F677B2A7290B7" originalValue="Stängel" pageNumber="1392">Staengel</normalizedToken>
3kantig, am Grund
<normalizedToken id="D6272107C91457C1B7AB92CDDB5FFCA5" originalValue="beblättert" pageNumber="1392">beblaettert</normalizedToken>
.
<normalizedToken id="990BFC9A5BF4F506CCAEF0879B8F4A42" originalValue="Blätter" pageNumber="1392">Blaetter</normalizedToken>
<quantity id="598B9EBE8562252A0898EF2ADED2CD1A" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageNumber="1392" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="3.0">3-10 mm</quantity>
breit.
<normalizedToken id="1A7D72200BDF3DA68ACA4943988C0CEE" originalValue="Blütenstand" pageNumber="1392">Bluetenstand</normalizedToken>
mit 3-9
<normalizedToken id="19BADCCFD64D1FDB60925F002CECEE3C" originalValue="Ästen" pageNumber="1392">Aesten</normalizedToken>
, diese
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lang, an der Spitze die
<emphasis id="C5963198F0B78C27A3A6ACCB28DBC537" bold="true" pageNumber="1402">
sehr dichten, rundlichen bis
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,
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langen, rotbraunen
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</emphasis>
tragend.
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in den
<normalizedToken id="13F7A51E218F817ACAEDBCCAAEDF6EAC" originalValue="Ährchen" pageNumber="1392">Aehrchen</normalizedToken>
2zeilig,
<emphasis id="6F59C54F20A7A8A78E170886359469DE" bold="true" pageNumber="1402">
<normalizedToken id="6FC39AFC7925721EF4D4F14C5C53A39C" originalValue="Tragblätter" pageNumber="1392">Tragblaetter</normalizedToken>
nur
<quantity id="61A7CAC91366EC3D13618EB31C624269" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageNumber="1392" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.0">2-2,5 mm</quantity>
lang und ausgebreitet nur
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breit
</emphasis>
(nur bei dieser
<emphasis id="1B207C9F9BCBE4BF1537DC1AF2637E05" italics="true" pageNumber="1402">C.</emphasis>
-Art so schmal), rotbraun mit hellem Kiel.
<emphasis id="D611354D0BFA22B7E84BF5C882D01AAC" bold="true" pageNumber="1402">
<normalizedToken id="9AF82378E8088417BC72867241DB4137" originalValue="Blütenstand" pageNumber="1392">Bluetenstand</normalizedToken>
von 3-6
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weit
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. Narben 3. Frucht 3kantig.
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<paragraph id="1B444315053343C25996559A65FB8F08" pageNumber="1402">
<normalizedToken id="C77B45CB11F93BE22B4FDF0F88008882" originalValue="Blütezeit" pageNumber="1392">Bluetezeit</normalizedToken>
: 7-9
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<paragraph id="3366D8599BB43A6C143A5A55B1338F67" pageNumber="1402">
Standort und Verbreitung in der Schweiz: Sumpfwiesen / kollin /
<normalizedToken id="604CBB66EAB954A2B1828CF71AE6934D" originalValue="Südliches" pageNumber="1392">Suedliches</normalizedToken>
TI, GR (Bergell), TG
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<paragraph id="97DFFEBA45C2568739C64966C18B97BA" pageNumber="1402">Verbreitung global: Eurasiatisch</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2F6E7E9B49F7B9A62A62AC3127738F49" pageNumber="1402" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="1DFFA6DB9582627B6E9F344EB9882DD3" pageNumber="1402">
<normalizedToken id="A302313B0A22A111C654EF41EFD06546" originalValue="Ökologische">Oekologische</normalizedToken>
Zeigerwerte nach
<bibRefCitation id="871AFDBE6D1F312545D40FA4F1E53648" author="Landolt, E. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Erhardt, A. &amp; Hegg, O. &amp; Klötzli, F. &amp; Lämmler, W. &amp; Nobis, M. &amp; Rudmann-Maurer, K. &amp; Theurillat, J.P. &amp; Urmi, E. &amp; Vust, M. &amp; Wohlgemuth, T." pageNumber="1402" publicationUrl="https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" refString="Landolt, E., Bäumler, B., Erhardt, A., Hegg, O., Klötzli, F., Lämmler, W., Nobis, M., Rudmann-Maurer, K., Theurillat, J.P., Urmi, E., Vust, M., Wohlgemuth, T. 2010. Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen (2nd ed.). https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" title="Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen" year="2010">Landolt &amp; al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6934A08B3E91B6CEA27CEE6ECD115118" pageNumber="1402">
<table id="89A9C8E3168CDADF5A4C65B0395E6ED0" class="table" inLine="true" pageNumber="1402">
<tr id="C84A07425A7A84D34C865AEF7D165D0A" pageNumber="1402">
<th id="B757AD6F7D2AB3114AECB227A5DF6E12" colspan="2" pageNumber="1402">
<emphasis id="416AEA73F56863342131A3A48D9FAE2F" bold="true" pageNumber="1402">Bodenfaktoren</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="E7B676928191AA46C75EFC332A663240" colspan="2" pageNumber="1402">
<emphasis id="5E150307555824E2C11B2587DBEEBA99" bold="true" pageNumber="1402">Klimafaktoren</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="D8DF8C0D7C49853F1E1AA38F92C983D4" colspan="2" pageNumber="1402">
<emphasis id="5A1507FCFD5556850ED213505CE8A31F" bold="true" pageNumber="1402">Salztoleranz</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="4BC0DBFAD86933CF102EBC0FC62B618C" pageNumber="1402">
<td id="C8B0313A5C394DA4B7DF59CCF4B22A3A" pageNumber="1402">Feuchtezahl F</td>
<td id="300EFFDF1FD0FCB6DA6BE649CA2B876F" pageNumber="1402" style="text-align:left;width:100px">
sehr feucht; Feuchtigkeit stark wechselnd (mehr als
<normalizedToken id="C1A8D7CF4833D8FC1F748FB483882D3A" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2 Stufen)
</td>
<td id="035966EC20874D431B42CC249C5C5AE8" pageNumber="1402">Lichtzahl L</td>
<td id="99CEB2DD226DE261F6571DCA4894F5FB" pageNumber="1402" style="text-align:left;width:60px">hell</td>
<td id="E75346CC76594D07FA1A203B7ED7F65B" pageNumber="1402">Salzzeichen</td>
<td id="70577649B614F6B037CEB7EB22DFD48D" pageNumber="1402" style="text-align:left;width:60px">--</td>
</tr>
<tr id="874F4042DC640BD8E7860C3A8A4AE165" pageNumber="1402">
<td id="1BC1C5A05BE966BADC5E044B30920815" pageNumber="1402">Reaktionszahl R</td>
<td id="B5F648757D09570BACB1163A32AE0AAC" pageNumber="1402" style="text-align:left">schwach sauer bis neutral (pH 4.5-7.5)</td>
<td id="B5D17AE85862479B61523FEF85671707" pageNumber="1402">Temperaturzahl T</td>
<td id="8E69E7353883AF131620E71762CB829D" pageNumber="1402" style="text-align:left">
sehr warm-kollin (nur an
<normalizedToken id="79C7B4E8EF6B7F494D522ED2BEAF5957" originalValue="wärmsten">waermsten</normalizedToken>
Stellen, Hauptverbreitung in
<normalizedToken id="C12DAC6FD4E3726BA358F5E7B137F30E" originalValue="Südeuropa">Suedeuropa</normalizedToken>
)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8351446D0ADB6D443571CC00DC4F3397" pageNumber="1402">
<td id="5FBB9DD2CD24B2AFDF27315FD87EBE2C" pageNumber="1402">
<normalizedToken id="5799E02A1C711935881F4775F1517112" originalValue="Nährstoffzahl">Naehrstoffzahl</normalizedToken>
N
</td>
<td id="BAE04CED91BAD44B9B74D93604498533" pageNumber="1402" style="text-align:left">
<normalizedToken id="61056BC21B32D5ED487E35E575346E13" originalValue="mässig">maessig</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="D80E484C9A32FB9147A5A8A394265141" originalValue="nährstoffarm">naehrstoffarm</normalizedToken>
bis
<normalizedToken id="243F4AC025DDEC8EA8A8B736AD4390F0" originalValue="mässig">maessig</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="65F8531C716DF9722A4D76C8F75CD631" originalValue="Kontinentalitätszahl">Kontinentalitaetszahl</normalizedToken>
K
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subozeanisch bis subkontinental (mittlere Luftfeuchtigkeit,
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Temperaturschwankungen und
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tiefe Wintertemperaturen)
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Volksname Deutscher Name:
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<normalizedToken id="15404C77758FFED073130EB6E35BA0C4" originalValue="Knäueliges">Knaeueliges</normalizedToken>
Zypergras
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Nom
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:
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Souchet
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Nome italiano:
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85
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2.1. LC-MS profiling of
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FP-91666 under different
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Microorganisms are susceptible to culture conditions, such as medium constituents, temperature, medium status, and so on. Altering these factors can lead to changes in the chemical diversity of specialised metabolites. In this study,
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<emphasis id="4DACEADAFFA886531130FE01A180FE1C" bold="true" box="[347,448,427,446]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">S. hirsutum</emphasis>
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FP-91666 was grown in
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of media (CMB, GPY, PDB, WG, and YMG) together with their solid condition (CMA, GPYA, PDA, WGA, and YMGA), and then LC-MS analyses of the extracts were used to reveal the metabolite diversity of
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FP-91666 and obtain as many undescribed metabolites as possible. The total ion chromatogram (TIC) profiles of the extracts are almost the same for the five solid media (
<figureCitation id="E7E32A4DFFA886531195FDF8A208FDC4" box="[510,584,594,614]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[421,451,1964,1981]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,472,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-233@1.[263,1324,471,1937]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. The LC-MS profiles of extracts for S. hirsutum FP-91666 cultures on five media." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8259267" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8259267/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
), and the retention times show that these metabolites are mainly non- or low polar metabolites. However, the TIC profiles of the liquid cultural extracts (
<figureCitation id="E7E32A4DFFA886531007FD0CA0F4FD1B" box="[108,180,678,697]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[421,451,1964,1981]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,472,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-233@1.[263,1324,471,1937]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. The LC-MS profiles of extracts for S. hirsutum FP-91666 cultures on five media." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8259267" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8259267/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
) show that the metabolites from the WG extract are more abundant, and the retention times of the metabolites reveal that the metabolites are mainly medium or highly polar compounds.
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In order to further understand the metabolites in the extract chromatograms, we selected ion monitoring mode (SIM) to analyze the LC-MS chromatograms. The products of the strain cultivated on WGB medium were more diverse and abundant than those of strains grown on the other culture media (
<figureCitation id="E7E32A4DFFA88653113FFCC3A1DBFCDE" box="[340,411,873,892]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[421,451,1964,1981]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,472,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-233@1.[263,1324,471,1937]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. The LC-MS profiles of extracts for S. hirsutum FP-91666 cultures on five media." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8259267" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8259267/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
). According to the SIM profiles, some highly enriched ESIMS peaks were found in LC-MS chromatograms of extracts from
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FP-91666 on WGA medium, such as sterostrein Q
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244 [M + H]
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, stereumamide D
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431 [M + H]
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, and stereumamides B and H
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358 [M + H]
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. Several unknown peaks were also present in the product spectra of the extracts. A positive SIM peak at
<emphasis id="4DACEADAFFA88653100FFBBBA0C9FB86" bold="true" box="[100,137,1041,1060]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">m/z</emphasis>
392 was present in the product spectra (
<figureCitation id="E7E32A4DFFA886531245FBBBA236FB86" box="[558,630,1041,1060]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[421,451,1964,1981]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,472,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-233@1.[263,1324,471,1937]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. The LC-MS profiles of extracts for S. hirsutum FP-91666 cultures on five media." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8259267" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8259267/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
) of the strain cultured on the WGB medium and the relative strength of the peak was strong (NL:
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8). Other positive SIM peaks at
<emphasis id="4DACEADAFFA88653123FFBE2A239FBF9" bold="true" box="[596,633,1096,1115]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">m/z</emphasis>
374 and 290 (
<figureCitation id="E7E32A4DFFA886531007FBCEA0F2FBD5" box="[108,178,1124,1143]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[421,451,1964,1981]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,472,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-233@1.[263,1324,471,1937]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. The LC-MS profiles of extracts for S. hirsutum FP-91666 cultures on five media." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8259267" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8259267/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
) were also observed in the LC-MS profiles. Based on these results, the WGB medium was selected for the fermentation of
<taxonomicName id="B8D84D4BFFA8865312F6FB2AA342FB31" authority="(Willd.)" box="[669,770,1152,1171]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Stereaceae" genus="Stereum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
<emphasis id="4DACEADAFFA8865312F6FB2AA342FB31" bold="true" box="[669,770,1152,1171]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">S. hirsutum</emphasis>
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FP-91666 to explore undescribed metabolites.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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2.3. Anti-M.
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activity
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Stereumamides I–K (
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), and sterostrein Q (
<emphasis id="4DACEADAFFAE8655156DFE96A55FFEED" bold="true" box="[1286,1311,316,335]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">11</emphasis>
) were assayed for antibacterial activity against
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<emphasis id="4DACEADAFFAE86551454FEF3A483FEC9" bold="true" box="[1087,1219,344,364]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">M. tuberculosis</emphasis>
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. All of the tested compounds exhibited weak antibacterial activities. MIC
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values of stereumamides I–K (
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) and sterostrein Q (
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) against
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were 250, 250, 250, and 125 μg/mL, respectively.
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<paragraph id="7F6736C8FFAE8655133AFE62A445FCC3" blockId="4.[818,1488,316,1703]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Analysis of the genomic data revealed that the fungal genome contains a large number of clusters of specialised metabolite biosynthesis genes. In our previous review, the metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters of 18 fungi with published genomes were analyzed and predicted using antiSMASH 5.0 (
<bibRefCitation id="1B494B39FFAE865513A5FD9DA422FDE9" author="Blin, K. &amp; Shaw, S. &amp; Steinke, K. &amp; Villebro, R. &amp; Ziemert, N. &amp; Lee, S. Y. &amp; Medema, M. H. &amp; Weber, T." box="[974,1122,567,587]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="87" refId="ref8758" refString="Blin, K., Shaw, S., Steinke, K., Villebro, R., Ziemert, N., Lee, S. Y., Medema, M. H., Weber, T., 2019. antiSMASH 5.0: updates to the secondary metabolite genome mining pipeline. Nucleic Acids Res. 47, W 81 - W 87. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / nar / gkz 310." type="journal article" year="2019">Blin et al., 2019</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="1B494B39FFAE86551406FD9DA561FDE9" author="Lei, H. - M. &amp; Zhao, P. - J." box="[1133,1313,567,587]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="865 - 873" refId="ref9705" refString="Lei, H. - M., Zhao, P. - J., 2019. Advances in research on mining fungal secondary metabolites. Scientia Sinica Vitae 49, 865 - 873. https: // doi. org / 10.1360 / SSV- 2019 - 0091." type="journal article" year="2019">Lei and Zhao, 2019</bibRefCitation>
). The genome size of these fungi was generally 28–52 Mbp, and the predicted number of possible metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters ranged from 23 to 85, with most fungi having around 40 specialised metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (
<bibRefCitation id="1B494B39FFAE865513ABFD0DA4C0FD18" author="Lei, H. - M. &amp; Zhao, P. - J." box="[960,1152,679,698]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="865 - 873" refId="ref9705" refString="Lei, H. - M., Zhao, P. - J., 2019. Advances in research on mining fungal secondary metabolites. Scientia Sinica Vitae 49, 865 - 873. https: // doi. org / 10.1360 / SSV- 2019 - 0091." type="journal article" year="2019">Lei and Zhao, 2019</bibRefCitation>
). Nielsen analyzed nine strains of fungi of the genus
<taxonomicName id="B8D84D4BFFAE8655138EFD69A407FD74" box="[997,1095,707,726]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Nectriaceae" genus="Penicillium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DACEADAFFAE8655138EFD69A407FD74" bold="true" box="[997,1095,707,726]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Penicillium</emphasis>
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, and the analysis showed that these nine strains had a large number of polyketones and nonribosomal peptide compound
<typeStatus id="A063886AFFAE865513F4FD51A390FCAC" box="[927,976,763,782]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">types</typeStatus>
of biosynthetic gene clusters, but only 16% of the clusters produced the corresponding metabolites (
<bibRefCitation id="1B494B39FFAE86551561FCBDA581FC88" author="Nielsen, J. C. &amp; Grijseels, S. &amp; Prigent, S. &amp; Ji, B. &amp; Dainat, J. &amp; Nielsen, K. F. &amp; Frisvad, J. C. &amp; Workman, M. &amp; Nielsen, J." box="[1290,1473,791,810]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref10061" refString="Nielsen, J. C., Grijseels, S., Prigent, S., Ji, B., Dainat, J., Nielsen, K. F., Frisvad, J. C., Workman, M., Nielsen, J., 2017. Global analysis of biosynthetic gene clusters reveals vast potential of secondary metabolite production in Penicillium species. Nat. Microbiol. 2 https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / nmicrobiol. 2017.44." type="book" year="2017">Nielsen et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
). Those data suggest that most fungi may have the potential to produce abundant metabolites.
</paragraph>
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In microbial fermentation research, researchers know that the culture conditions of a microorganism are critical to the diversity and abundance of metabolites. Zeeck and colleagues formalized an approach named OSMAC, which means that a microbial strain is able to produce different natural products when cultivated under various conditions. In recent years, a series of structurally undescribed compounds with multiple activities have been isolated and identified from fungi by the OSMAC strategy. The fermented mycelia of
<taxonomicName id="B8D84D4BFFAE865514B7FB87A503FBE2" authority="(Willd.)" box="[1244,1347,1069,1088]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Stereaceae" genus="Stereum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
<emphasis id="4DACEADAFFAE865514B7FB87A503FBE2" bold="true" box="[1244,1347,1069,1088]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. hirsutum</emphasis>
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have been reported to produce abundantly active metabolites (
<bibRefCitation id="1B494B39FFAE86551576FBE3A581FBFF" author="Tian, M. &amp; Zhao, P. &amp; Li, G. &amp; Zhang, K." box="[1309,1473,1097,1117]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="8" refId="ref10500" refString="Tian, M., Zhao, P., Li, G., Zhang, K., 2020. In depth natural product discovery from the basidiomycetes Stereum species. Microorganisms 8. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / microorganisms 8071049." type="book chapter" year="2020">Tian et al., 2020</bibRefCitation>
). After Dimitrios Floudas reported the whole genome of
<taxonomicName id="B8D84D4BFFAE8655150FFBCFA58FFBDA" authority="(Willd.)" box="[1380,1487,1125,1144]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Stereaceae" genus="Stereum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
<emphasis id="4DACEADAFFAE8655150FFBCFA58FFBDA" bold="true" box="[1380,1487,1125,1144]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. hirsutum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
FP-91666, we found that several terpene synthase gene clusters, six polyketide synthase gene clusters, and one polyketide synthase nonribosomal polypeptide heterodimer gene cluster are present in
<taxonomicName id="B8D84D4BFFAE86551359FB7FA42BFB4A" authority="(Willd.)" baseAuthorityName="Lackner" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[818,1131,1237,1256]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Stereaceae" genus="Stereum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
<emphasis id="4DACEADAFFAE86551359FB7FA3D7FB4A" bold="true" box="[818,919,1237,1256]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. hirsutum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1B494B39FFAE865513CEFB7FA421FB4A" author="Lackner, G. &amp; Misiek, M. &amp; Braesel, J. &amp; Hoffmeister, D." box="[933,1121,1237,1256]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="996 - 1003" refId="ref9643" refString="Lackner, G., Misiek, M., Braesel, J., Hoffmeister, D., 2012. Genome mining reveals the evolutionary origin and biosynthetic potential of basidiomycete polyketide synthases. Fungal Genet. Biol. 49, 996 - 1003. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. fgb. 2012.09.009." type="journal article" year="2012">Lackner et al., 2012</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F6736C8FFAE8655133AFB5BA5F9F904" blockId="4.[818,1488,316,1703]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="B8D84D4BFFAE8655133AFB5BA3B2FAA6" authority="(Willd.)" box="[849,1010,1265,1284]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Stereaceae" genus="Stereum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
<emphasis id="4DACEADAFFAE8655133AFB5BA3B2FAA6" bold="true" box="[849,1010,1265,1284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Stereum hirsutum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can often serve as a host to algae and is even parasitized by the fungus
<taxonomicName id="B8D84D4BFFAE86551441FAA6A48BFA82" authority="Schwein." box="[1066,1227,1292,1312]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Nectriaceae" genus="Tremella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="aurantia">
<emphasis id="4DACEADAFFAE86551441FAA6A48BFA82" bold="true" box="[1066,1227,1292,1312]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Tremella aurantia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to form the heterogeneous complex basidiocarp Jin’ er (golden jelly fungus) (
<bibRefCitation id="1B494B39FFAE86551573FA83A322FAFA" author="Bandoni, R. J. &amp; Zang, M." pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="270 - 273" refId="ref8681" refString="Bandoni, R. J., Zang, M., 1990. On an undescribed Tremella from China. Mycologia 82, 270 - 273. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3759859." type="journal article" year="1990">Bandoni and Zang, 1990</bibRefCitation>
; Liu and S.F, 1994), which has been traditionally used as food and crude medicine in Chinese society (
<bibRefCitation id="1B494B39FFAE865514EFFACAA501FAD6" author="Dai, Y. &amp; Yang, Z." box="[1156,1345,1376,1396]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="801 - 824" refId="ref9036" refString="Dai, Y., Yang, Z., 2008. A revised checklist of medicinal fungi in China. Mygosystema 27, 801 - 824. https: // doi. org / 10.3969 / j. issn. 1672 - 6472.2008.06.001." type="journal article" year="2008">Dai and Yang, 2008</bibRefCitation>
). According to “Chinese Medicinal Fungi”, basidiocarp Jin’ er can be used to treat lung heat, cough, asthma, and hypertension. In our previous work, we isolated and identified some quaternary ammonium compounds of sesquiterpenes and amino acids from YMG medium, but the content was low. At present, we have further discovered some quaternary ammonium compounds through the OSMAC strategy (
<bibRefCitation id="1B494B39FFAE86551494F9A2A5E6F9B9" author="Duan, Y. - C. &amp; Feng, J. &amp; Bai, N. &amp; Li, G. - H. &amp; Zhang, K. - Q. &amp; Zhao, P. - J." box="[1279,1446,1544,1563]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="213 - 217" refId="ref9081" refString="Duan, Y. - C., Feng, J., Bai, N., Li, G. - H., Zhang, K. - Q., Zhao, P. - J., 2018. Four novel antibacterial sesquiterpene-alpha-amino acid quaternary ammonium hybrids from the mycelium of mushroom Stereum hirsutum. Fitoterapia 128, 213 - 217. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. fitote. 2018.05.026." type="journal article" year="2018">Duan et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="1B494B39FFAE865515D8F9A2A3DDF995" author="Hu, Q. - Y. &amp; Duan, Y. - C. &amp; Pu, X. - J. &amp; Li, S. - S. &amp; Li, G. - H. &amp; Zhao, P. - J." pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref9426" refString="Hu, Q. - Y., Duan, Y. - C., Pu, X. - J., Li, S. - S., Li, G. - H., Zhao, P. - J., 2020. Stereumamides E- H, four new minor quaternary ammonium hybrids from Stereum hirsutum. Nat. Prod. Res. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14786419.2020.1779266." type="book" year="2020">Hu et al., 2020</bibRefCitation>
) and isolated a drimane-type sesquiterpene from the strain for the first time. These sesquiterpenoids and their quaternary ammonium compounds showed weak antibacterial activities, which is found in the mycelium of
<taxonomicName id="B8D84D4BFFAE86551386F9DDA413F928" authority="(Willd.)" box="[1005,1107,1655,1674]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Stereaceae" genus="Stereum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
<emphasis id="4DACEADAFFAE86551386F9DDA413F928" bold="true" box="[1005,1107,1655,1674]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. hirsutum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and would suggest heterogeneous complex basidiocarp to be a functional food and veritable folk medicine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>