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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297097" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316535" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f9373c90-73c5-4ee4-b0f8-4c371f527d91" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905209323" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="F75A24295B8B3732AD13D8B582FAB773" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Muridae.1189-1531.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="Uromys (Uromys) hadrourus Winter 1984" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="A2267A57FF8A65DA07E1D2E970F9422A" lastPageNumber="1515" masterDocId="A2267A57FF8A65DA07E1D2E970F9422A" masterDocTitle="Order Rodentia - Family Muridae" masterLastPageNumber="1531" masterPageNumber="1189" pageNumber="1515" updateTime="1716781534040" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="B7FB63DBD1EBD04DAB22E404E8968F63" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="74C8A05A1A36EB80398A2E46C52A1EBA">
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<mods:title id="B7913994C7C670785CD4CAC8385BE2F6">Order Rodentia - Family Muridae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="331591F47E2BC701EF5C35976C044E21">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="30101E2462BDBC7F3AAD633C74D01110">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8460DC850C936CE497F760B466DC2139">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="173515ABB5020FEEEC9E64AA56167557">2005</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="E780768FFDC9FD961C8E62364ADFB069">The Johns Hopkins University Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="ED06AC1614ED3EC88F24FEA71C024BFA">
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<mods:placeTerm id="91FBDA1DC891F9764E15B3BC9E5FAA05">Baltimore</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="5CECF5BC10A728DF78D5AFE6AB574C89">
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<mods:title id="08E087E611EEEEDF0745F5DECA1DD475">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="890F17BB9B8D496D89894AEF086CC171">
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<mods:start id="1DBB5651B8F5D667D1CCE540F1616C52">1189</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="EE17EA6491871F9B892D4724BF08425F">1531</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="2F0FBA9EAA4D85B8D0DD78793A963008">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="03C233C1D47BC695D919C513FA6B0F64" type="ISBN">0-8018-8221-4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="37B1F85329536F126EDE5DA164649B84" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.7316535</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F75A24295B8B3732AD13D8B582FAB773" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11335706" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231539748" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11335706" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F75A24295B8B3732AD13D8B582FAB773" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F75A24295B8B3732AD13D8B582FAB773" lastPageNumber="1515" pageNumber="1515" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=13001860">
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<subSubSection id="758BD96E8C9DEF202C5ED85B5328DCB2" pageNumber="1515" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="CE420124C60FBDF0F0635CAEE661E8B2" pageNumber="1515">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4E1159858CC553A8FC583BB40E9C5B49" ID-CoL="7X73P" authority="Winter 1984" authorityName="Winter" authorityYear="1984" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1515" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hadrourus" subGenus="Uromys">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ABE2E81B8117E914EAB2AE1E02731FA4" italics="true" pageNumber="1515">Uromys (Uromys) hadrourus</emphasis>
|
||||
Winter 1984
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="04BCDB375D209A727C7F7B9617D3BAF0" pageNumber="1515" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5CCE8461B3D10A0CFE294C03937B643B" pageNumber="1515">
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="A0E3AC61D54F6990BDCEA7C106C30BE0" author="Winter" authority="Winter 1984" authorityName="Winter" authorityYear="1984" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" journal="Mem. Queensl. Mus." kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" page="519" pageNumber="1515" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hadrourus" subGenus="Uromys" title="Uromys (Uromys) hadrourus" volume="21" year="1984">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="48C7180FF568C8A9F629329016EE35F5" ID-CoL="7X73P" authority="Winter 1984" authorityName="Winter" authorityYear="1984" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1515" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hadrourus" subGenus="Uromys">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F74F1C88A73E59CA6F89E5704DC1BFF1" italics="true" pageNumber="1515">Uromys (Uromys) hadrourus</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B8CF01AA41858D5E0584D30A36241726" author="Winter, J. W." refId="ref392019" refString="Winter, J. W. 1984. The Thornton Peak Melomys, Melomys hadrourus (Rodentia: Muridae): A new rainforest species from northeastern Queensland, Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 21: 519 - 539." year="1984">Winter 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibCitation id="124EB74E8D84AF9043EFD4880AE7EDEA" author="Winter" journal="Mem. Queensl. Mus." pageNumber="1515" pagination="519" title="Uromys (Uromys) hadrourus" volume="21" year="1984">
|
||||
Mem. Queensl.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ABD27D3D69CB8E85F204742F298AA759" baseAuthorityName="F. Petter and Matthey" baseAuthorityYear="1975" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Mus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
., 21: 519
|
||||
</bibCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="6C6375F4BE3848176AACED22E3121D8A" pageNumber="1515" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F4216D49C0FA18A666BF707F621C0F86" pageNumber="1515">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C333E25CF2F354AB0A2D866D70833A21" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1515">Type Locality:</emphasis>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="E8F8A35064C96E8C0F6572360858FC4C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867324319" country="Australia" elevation="1200.0" pageNumber="1515" stateProvince="Queensland">
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="C76230B18775186AF81AF701C7091D3B" name="Australia">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, NE
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="D63AE217F6B439432290A43C0FDE8F04" country="Australia" name="Queensland">Queensland</collectingRegion>
|
||||
, Thornton Peak summit area,
|
||||
<quantity id="9EC1EA4FC0C7784BAC4064643BB248CC" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="m" value="1200.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="E12B5E320CD63D79CABDCD725308446F">1200 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
; see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="102744CA0AC98B21B50F8A506A3DAAC7" author="Winter, J. W." refId="ref392019" refString="Winter, J. W. 1984. The Thornton Peak Melomys, Melomys hadrourus (Rodentia: Muridae): A new rainforest species from northeastern Queensland, Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 21: 519 - 539." year="1984">Winter (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B176E1F92D6A3DB168D58F54ADC7433A" author="Mahoney, J. A. & B. J. Richardson" refId="ref222168" refString="Mahoney, J. A., and B. J. Richardson. 1988. Muridae. Pp. 154 - 192, in Zoological catalogue of Australia. Mammalia (J. L. Bannister, et. al.). Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 5: 1 - 274." year="1988">Mahoney and Richardson (1988:163)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
for additional information.
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="4D4881462730B4628C3764E373A26A2D" pageNumber="1515" type="vernacular_names">
|
||||
<paragraph id="432A3B9C7F4CA808413B99DCBD701045" pageNumber="1515">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CBA31057BE35E73874E94223251DD36C" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1515">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="B8D1307BC14C95BAFDCD41C11189C557" language="eng" pageNumber="1515">Masked White-tailed Uromys</vernacularName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="DA058A997336C0D65B91EA2738485E7C" pageNumber="1515" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="1994B8EBFFB2208A42BDAB946B0B0F64" pageNumber="1515">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FD7E63B2CE96F035CB7A2EC1C3C384D0" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1515">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||||
Originally known by only a few specimens from rainforest on Mareeba Franite of the Thornton Peak massif north of the Daintree
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="5AD94AFDA54BBDED1145BD32FD764AB9" country="Gambia" name="Upper River">River</collectingRegion>
|
||||
valley (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="96D4639A0D79714DE4F614330BCAEC76" author="Winter, J. W." refId="ref391967" refString="Winter, J. W. 1983. Thornton Peak Melomys. P. 379, in The Australian museum complete book of Australian mammals (The national photographic index of Australian wildlife) (R. Strahan, ed.). Angus and Robertson, Sydney, 530 pp." year="1983">Winter, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BBAFBB97406AEB2AAE3A4DC51E8B0F78" author="Winter, J. W." refId="ref392019" refString="Winter, J. W. 1984. The Thornton Peak Melomys, Melomys hadrourus (Rodentia: Muridae): A new rainforest species from northeastern Queensland, Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 21: 519 - 539." year="1984">1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), but now also recorded south of the Daintree
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="F95BBB7B56E14697A3F7C60F5E01D95C" country="Gambia" name="Upper River">River</collectingRegion>
|
||||
in the Mount Carbine Tableland and farther south in the Lamins Hill area of the Atherton Tableland (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="3FDE111FB4EE4B9FEC334EFEEF055123" author="Winter, J. W. & L. A. Moore" refId="ref392097" refString="Winter, J. W., and L. A. Moore. 1995. Masked white-tailed rat, Uromys hadrourus. Pp. 641 - 643, in Mammals of Australia (R. Strahan, ed.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., 756 pp." year="1995">Winter and Moore, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="4C3A13B4C4A455BA87AB6763B63F4B47" pageNumber="1515" type="conservation">
|
||||
<paragraph id="AF3A4416BB16F351212FF74EE449B7EB" pageNumber="1515">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0CF77DE998FFCD82C51EA9406F881DA1" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1515">Conservation:</emphasis>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="3E3C25E68FD54C29B9918F7269C40423">IUCN</collectionCode>
|
||||
– Lower Risk (nt).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="FC986B23FBE4A3F98D4CE19CEA9D5EFD" pageNumber="1515" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="258619E5E73839464D76A2A7F94ADE76" pageNumber="1515">
|
||||
<emphasis id="95811C3A848CCAA5A5D0290425A0A7CB" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1515">Discussion:</emphasis>
|
||||
Subgenus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="66302C7863307AAB51B77375BABA9990" baseAuthorityName="Groves and Flannery" baseAuthorityYear="1994" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1803CBBD98A4265E00E2348D6E6F6EA7" italics="true" pageNumber="1515">Uromys</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Originally described as a species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D97AF286A7CE1C647326A6BDA7E99A2C" baseAuthorityName="Watts and Baverstock" baseAuthorityYear="1994" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Melomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6208BBC8F3CF646E2EEFC8B99988A7ED" italics="true" pageNumber="1515">Melomys</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, subsequently placed in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9E7C67E02847C5BA50B8BB91B08F1CD8" baseAuthorityName="Groves and Flannery" baseAuthorityYear="1994" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="758A5020CE1E4271A54F8F2F628C9436" italics="true" pageNumber="1515">Uromys</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and allied with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F027A573997F21A27D2907222EBC3EB7" authority="(Groves and Flannery, 1994)" baseAuthorityName="Groves and Flannery" baseAuthorityYear="1994" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudimaculatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F845813FB262891004700E49353E8B65" italics="true" pageNumber="1515">U. caudimaculatus</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="CB241F40F862DBC498A316FB0440BB9F" author="Groves, C. P. & T. F. Flannery" refId="ref132867" refString="Groves, C. P., and T. F. Flannery. 1994. A revision of the genus Uromys Peters, 1867 (Muridae: Mammalia) with descriptions of two new species. Records of the Australian Museum, 46: 145 - 169." year="1994">Groves and Flannery, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F0BF35D51679F136BAAF9581B5C4E00" authorityName="Winter" authorityYear="1984" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hadrourus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="599712AF5515AE646B6F948840B73A67" italics="true" pageNumber="1515">Uromys hadrourus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a member of a group of species that are endemic to "the Townsville to Cooktown region, and considered to be relicts of a wet- and cool-adapted fauna which may have originated in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="20CD236E485A5F5EDEDEB1FF208B1748" name="Australia">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
from a common pre-Pleistocene stock of
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="22D232B428C92C4757C0E839C9FECD3E" name="Australia">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and New
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E2DB0DF76A09CB1E74F97D040E6F8F29" name="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||||
" (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="97D597CDFA07C106BE14D1C0A2DA9A6A" author="Winter, J. W." refId="ref392019" refString="Winter, J. W. 1984. The Thornton Peak Melomys, Melomys hadrourus (Rodentia: Muridae): A new rainforest species from northeastern Queensland, Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 21: 519 - 539." year="1984">Winter, 1984:525</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Chromosomal morphology reported by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D3C74123CE52265E13D082EE43309A5F" author="Baverstock, P. R. & C. H. S. Watts & J. T. Hogarth" refId="ref24478" refString="Baverstock, P. R., C. H. S. Watts, and J. T. Hogarth. 1977 c. Chromosome evolution in Australian rodents. I. The Pseudomyinae, the Hydromyinae and the Uromys / Melomys group. Chromosoma, 61: 95 - 125." year="1977">
|
||||
Baverstock et al. (1977
|
||||
<emphasis id="8B80E30F76881E084C86115456DBCD7F" italics="true" pageNumber="1515">c</emphasis>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="16D6F0D21F07683719B430FED2FBD05A" author="McAllan, A. W. & M. D. Bruce" refId="ref232558" refString="McAllan, A. W., and M. D. Bruce. 1989. Some problems in vertebrate nomenclature. I. Mammals. Bollettino, Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, 7: 443 - 460." year="1989">McAllan and Bruce (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
claimed 1983 to be the publication date for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BF7C72E5295B084653935712C78A419B" authorityName="Winter" authorityYear="1984" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hadrourus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C32F88CAB9FE2CDFE9AE128339F332AC" italics="true" pageNumber="1515">hadrourus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
instead of 1984 as is usually accepted, noting that the species was first given the name
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3743AE48B06344FD43A1C334245070D6" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Melanomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hadrourus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2D9221852D97C3BB5D37C578B04FB912" italics="true" pageNumber="1515">Melanomys hadrourus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. That name was in the title of report cited by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8690184126F53523F2882ED16D59424E" author="Winter, J. W." refId="ref391967" refString="Winter, J. W. 1983. Thornton Peak Melomys. P. 379, in The Australian museum complete book of Australian mammals (The national photographic index of Australian wildlife) (R. Strahan, ed.). Angus and Robertson, Sydney, 530 pp." year="1983">Winter (1983:379)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
as "in press" and placed in a sidebar and not in the main account, which was headed by the name
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E349F44DD245EADA0E9AAFC3F3243993" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Melomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4CC15CF19283966163D29E3F44A5370" italics="true" pageNumber="1515">Melomys</emphasis>
|
||||
sp.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="65C5CF1A54AF415E18129B77AD372206" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Melanomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7B9A95A68C62A9C0FD3B9B6DDD26AD0D" italics="true" pageNumber="1515">Melanomys</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a
|
||||
<emphasis id="C406BDC90EF45500091576D76B8311AA" italics="true" pageNumber="1515">nomen nudum</emphasis>
|
||||
as entered in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="DED353C4527FE2FB9FD4508ED2886FED" author="Winter, J. W." refId="ref391967" refString="Winter, J. W. 1983. Thornton Peak Melomys. P. 379, in The Australian museum complete book of Australian mammals (The national photographic index of Australian wildlife) (R. Strahan, ed.). Angus and Robertson, Sydney, 530 pp." year="1983">Winter (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and has nothing to do with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1B6B62AA414DD4EBDEE84310AE6AD335" authority="Thomas, 1902" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Melanomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0EE6A8FCC77E372FE96BE6583A77E258" italics="true" pageNumber="1515">Melanomys</emphasis>
|
||||
Thomas, 1902
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which is a sigmodontine.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FF834FBFE045ED00EE5AB02D0ED0212D" author="Mahoney, J. A. & B. J. Richardson" refId="ref222168" refString="Mahoney, J. A., and B. J. Richardson. 1988. Muridae. Pp. 154 - 192, in Zoological catalogue of Australia. Mammalia (J. L. Bannister, et. al.). Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 5: 1 - 274." year="1988">Mahoney and Richardson (1988:163)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
maintain 1984 as publication date. Reviewed by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="CF9262D227A2AD1456BA25296E65725C" author="Winter, J. W. & L. A. Moore" refId="ref392097" refString="Winter, J. W., and L. A. Moore. 1995. Masked white-tailed rat, Uromys hadrourus. Pp. 641 - 643, in Mammals of Australia (R. Strahan, ed.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., 756 pp." year="1995">Winter and Moore (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
77
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77
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|
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<treatment id="F75A2B64F3755E9990C6FEE8D3843742" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F75A2B64F3755E9990C6FEE8D3843742" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F75A2B64F3755E9990C6FEE8D3843742" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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|
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|
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<taxonomicName id="AFF1DFF5949131C1BC2741BBC5477B12" ID-CoL="6MLL6" LSID="F75A2B64-F375-5E99-90C6-FEE8D3843742" authority="(Cockerell, 1920)" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell" baseAuthorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Hylaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hylaeus (Deranchylaeus) melanosoma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanosoma" subGenus="Deranchylaeus">Hylaeus (Deranchylaeus) melanosoma (Cockerell, 1920)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
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|
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|
||||
<taxonomicName id="544F329DEE986DCC3B03AB1B48EDC66F" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Prosopis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosopis melanosoma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanosoma">Prosopis melanosoma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Cockerell, 1920: 305. ♀♂, South Africa. Holotype ♀ NHM London.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="23AEC940EB53EC3B27471B1C1EDDB4DF" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C838187C0EC222103CC0223B72C872A4" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell" baseAuthorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Hylaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hylaeus (Deranchylaeus) melanosoma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanosoma" subGenus="Deranchylaeus">Hylaeus (Deranchylaeus) melanosoma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Cockerell, 1920) -
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="177698C4E8A2F4045D5A3CCCB9005B49" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3874.1.1" author="Dathe, HH" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 84" refId="B11" refString="Dathe, HH, 2014. Studies on the systematics and taxonomy of the genus Hylaeus F. (8). Revision of the Afrotropic subgenus Hylaeus (Deranchylaeus) Bridwell (Hymenoptera: Anthophila, Colletidae). Zootaxa 3874 (1): 1 - 84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3874.1.1" title="Studies on the systematics and taxonomy of the genus Hylaeus F. (8). Revision of the Afrotropic subgenus Hylaeus (Deranchylaeus) Bridwell (Hymenoptera: Anthophila, Colletidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3874.1.1" volume="3874" year="2014">Dathe (2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 53).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C337809903C3B9DF93D6D82D05A5969F" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E052D56051A95F43F3F8AB975E7ACF32" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="16F6D8F7B90D1D5CF3A0BB3480700C70" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
South Africa, Burundi, Zimbabwe. New records: SIMBABWE: 1 ♂, 8 ♀♀, Manicaland prov., Chirinda Forest Res., Mt. Selinda,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="AD26AA1C7BF204FC5F2B6E97353E4A3A" degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-20.416666">20°25'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="13B506ED827668382CAD5CCBCE12D16B" degrees="32" direction="east" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="32.716667">32°43'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 1000 m alt., 04.XII.2015, J. Halada leg. - UGANDA: 1 ♀, W Kasese, 10 km Kilembe, 1800 m alt., 21.XI.1994, M.
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="D1EB3F10050C417E3A1052AEAA4C00DD" originalValue="Snižek">Snizek</normalizedToken>
|
||||
leg. First record for Uganda.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
173
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173
data/F7/5A/45/F75A45539EBA51DD8FF46466B2C3B770.xml
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|
|
@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
|
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|
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||||
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|
||||
<mods:namePart id="4E0AA000F76E28B8F413EA634AB53AAB">Takiya, Daniela Maeda</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A8E1C7796278162640FEF0873C4AD9D6">Santos, Allan Paulo Moreira</mods:namePart>
|
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|
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|
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<mods:namePart id="A8D52FEAC29CFF77AA65F500FFFDE1DF">Pinto, Angelo Parise</mods:namePart>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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|
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<mods:namePart id="6B909B353E6B21A2021469AB7A594A83">Henriques-Oliveira, Ana Lucia</mods:namePart>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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<mods:roleTerm id="1B3C8A4EF171DE0B5BE0BF88F2AD867B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
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|
||||
<mods:namePart id="2D2B762C6B73AE69CD129489E1E8C792">Carvalho, Alcimar do Lago</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="AA04A7979DF193790405F95A29B3859B" type="personal">
|
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<mods:role id="7B0B1C3AFFBE06B02C6DCC33BF59CCF1">
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|
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|
||||
<mods:namePart id="A9AEF5840D3F1F9802BD49C824E4CE55">Sampaio, Brunno Henrique Lanzellotti</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
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|
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<mods:role id="2B0011240FB1F3E0B7B84DB5D69659BD">
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</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="C38393C12168534E60E116DE6BDDF3EC">Clarkson, Bruno</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="86D87CEAAF654C65C6E628F72B38E2AB" type="personal">
|
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<mods:role id="18475BC9F8E5A78DA352631CAE3C1135">
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|
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</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="EEF77031B89FF137D4D35E92396424B4">Moreira, Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo</mods:namePart>
|
||||
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|
||||
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<mods:roleTerm id="09344CA80BD300071C1EC6A3F88C227F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="E2AF0ED61CB198D5798BE617A6B534A5">Avelino-Capistrano, Fernanda</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="BBF73ACBDA530BC90C6F01657FF6C708" type="personal">
|
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<mods:role id="6FAD5DB6D2C8F5AD304F9E1434A7278D">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F33C72F22E1680FD004A62F4549A236D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
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</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="0D26F95DC39958BCAABF53163D6148BA">Goncalves, Ines Correa</mods:namePart>
|
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</mods:name>
|
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<mods:name id="7D5B01849B29DE1A25A8429A6E9CC49B" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="4F22C10D8F82EEDAACFA1AC4EDFB994A">Cordeiro, Isabelle da Rocha Silva</mods:namePart>
|
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</mods:name>
|
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<paragraph id="387AAE418C0CC706C540339A718C5DD5" pageId="0" pageNumber="8354">New species record for PI.</paragraph>
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965
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965
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<mods:affiliation id="25711A9E0A324EB037752B309523E106">Laboratório de Zoologia Adriano Giorgi, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, Campus Universitário de Altamira, Universidade Federal do Pará, Altamira 68371 - 155, PA, Brazil; emilhjh @ yahoo. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F59A67E15417D983AA9C6B2967D7580C">García-Pérez, Juán Elías</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9094B37BBCC50338F145F3ABB31AFC69">Museo de Zoología, Programa CAM, Universidad Nacional Experimental de Los Llanos Occidentales Ezequiel Zamora, UNELLEZ, Guanare 3350, Portuguesa, Venezuela; ecologia 2 unellez @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9B000979F51B49BC0B441E311820313B">Fry, Bryan G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="11D9A383528E3FD227E1C1DD493566E2">Adaptive Biotoxicology Laboratory, School of the Environment, University of Queensland,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="51409FEB634A0A0F737A2ABAC806F4DF">Corey-Rivas, Sarah</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="ABE643E86C42DA544BA25FEC6FCCDD2F">Biology Department, New Mexico Highlands University, 1005 Diamond Av., Las Vegas, NM 87701, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="BE5BFFB96E259884681ED7BD3B960160">Diversity</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B086B90D0139B0E5F72606B4D812EFE3">2024</mods:date>
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<treatment id="F75ABC777570B306FE2E2B71FCB8A6E1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10684307" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10684307" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F75ABC777570B306FE2E2B71FCB8A6E1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F75ABC777570B306FE2E2B71FCB8A6E1" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<subSubSection id="37E95EEA7570B303FE2E2B71FD63A619" box="[444,732,1310,1334]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="7F4C0D617570B303FE2E2B71FD63A619" blockId="8.[444,732,1310,1334]" box="[444,732,1310,1334]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
3.1.1.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27570B303FD922B71FDDFA61A" ID-CoL="4G38" ID-ENA="51875" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1830" box="[512,608,1310,1333]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737570B303FD922B71FDDFA61A" box="[512,608,1310,1333]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Eunectes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Overview
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="37E95EEA7570B303FE662B28FC62A5A3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
|
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<paragraph id="7F4C0D617570B303FE662B28FC62A5A3" blockId="8.[443,1496,1351,1677]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
The three-gene matrix counted 2939 bp, charset ND4 = 1–848; charset ND2 = 849–1863; and charset Cytb = 1864–2939, including 1015 bp of ND2, 848 bp of ND4, and 1076 bp of cytochrome Bfor 71 individuals (including outgroups
|
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<emphasis id="4D87D1737570B303FBDC2BE4FAE9A68D" box="[1102,1366,1418,1442]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
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<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27570B303FBDC2BE4FBC6A68D" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1102,1145,1419,1442]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Boa" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Boa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27570B303FB172BE5FB5AA68D" authorityName="Daudin" authorityYear="1803" box="[1157,1253,1418,1442]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Corallus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Corallus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27570B303FB632BE4FAE9A68D" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1830" box="[1265,1366,1419,1442]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Epicrates" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Epicrates</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<tableCitation id="327138DA7570B303FAF72BE5FA76A68D" box="[1381,1481,1418,1442]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[443,503,542,563]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1. Summary of oligonucleotide primers and their location in the mitochondrial genome, used for PCR and Sanger sequencing of mitochondrial genes in this study." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2B8C5DE9757CB30FFE292C71FB2DA179" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" tableUuid="2B8C5DE9757CB30FFE292C71FB2DA179">Table S1</tableCitation>
|
||||
). The concatenated alignment had 24.5% missing data, reflecting the inclusion of published sequence data for some but not all genes in favor of increasing phylogenetic accuracy by increasing taxonomic coverage [
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1B6270907570B303FCA12B80FCF1A528" author="Wiens, J. J. & Tiu, J." box="[819,846,1519,1543]" journalOrPublisher="PLoS ONE" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="42925" part="7" refId="ref19780" refString="90. Wiens, J. J.; Tiu, J. Highly Incomplete Taxa Can Rescue Phylogenetic Analyses from the Negative Impacts of Limited Taxon Sampling. PLoS ONE 2012, 7, e 42925. [CrossRef] [PubMed]" title="Highly Incomplete Taxa Can Rescue Phylogenetic Analyses from the Negative Impacts of Limited Taxon Sampling" type="journal article" year="2012">90</bibRefCitation>
|
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] (coverage by taxon and gene summarized in
|
||||
<tableCitation id="327138DA7570B303FAFB2B81FA75A528" box="[1385,1482,1518,1543]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[443,503,542,563]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1. Summary of oligonucleotide primers and their location in the mitochondrial genome, used for PCR and Sanger sequencing of mitochondrial genes in this study." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2B8C5DE9757CB30FFE292C71FB2DA179" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" tableUuid="2B8C5DE9757CB30FFE292C71FB2DA179">Table S1</tableCitation>
|
||||
). The BI consensus tree and ML tree had very similar topologies and therefore the BI tree is presented here (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E7C811E47570B303FD05285EFD44A565" box="[663,763,1585,1610]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[444,516,1657,1679]" captionTargetBox="[185,1403,242,1619]" captionTargetId="figure-173@9.[164,1403,231,1622]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Bayesian consensus phylogram for Eunectes species (50% majority-rule consensus tree) using the mtDNA gene sequence dataset (ND2, ND4, Cytb). Bayesian posterior probability node support values> 0.95 are indicated with black circles and distal values are not shown. Refer to Table S1 for details on tip labels." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10684305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10684305/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
; ML tree is presented in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E7C811E47570B303FBB5285EFB26A565" box="[1063,1177,1585,1610]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[444,513,1189,1211]" captionTargetBox="[451,1472,245,1158]" captionTargetId="figure-377@2.[450,1485,220,1171]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Sampling location of samples used in this study. The green area is the known distribution of the Green Anaconda (Eunectes murinus). The yellow area is the distribution of the Yellow Anaconda (E. notaeus). The orange area is the reported distribution of E. beniensis and the red area is the distribution of E. deschauenseei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10684303" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10684303/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure S1</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Both methods confirm a sister-clade relationship between
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737570B303FCAC283CFC40A544" box="[830,1023,1619,1643]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Green Anacondas,</emphasis>
|
||||
and a clade composed of the other three anaconda species as proposed by Dirksen [
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1B6270907570B303FC21281AFC71A5A2" author="Dirksen, L." box="[947,974,1653,1677]" journalOrPublisher="Natur und Tier - Verlag: Munster, Germany" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref16226" refString="24. Dirksen, L. Anakondas: Monographische Revision der Gattung Eunectes Wagler, 1830 (Serpentes, Boidae); Natur und Tier - Verlag: Munster, Germany, 2002." title="Anakondas: Monographische Revision der Gattung Eunectes Wagler, 1830 (Serpentes, Boidae)" type="book" year="2022">24</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
].
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="37E95EEA7570B306FE2E28DFFCB8A6E1" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7F4C0D617570B303FE2E28DFFB8FA5E6" blockId="8.[444,1072,1712,1737]" box="[444,1072,1712,1737]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3.1.2. Yellow Anaconda Phylogenetics and Taxonomy</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7F4C0D617570B303FE6628B5FD8CA457" blockId="8.[443,1496,1754,1912]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
Our analyses indicate a poorly defined phylogenetic structure in the clade composed of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27570B303FE4E2893FDEFA43C" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[476,592,1788,1811]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="notaeus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737570B303FE4E2893FDEFA43C" box="[476,592,1788,1811]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">E. notaeus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27570B303FDF22893FCA8A43C" baseAuthorityName="Dunn and Conant" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[608,791,1787,1811]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deschauenseei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737570B303FDF22893FCA8A43C" box="[608,791,1787,1811]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">E. deschauenseei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27570B303FCCC2893FC5DA43C" baseAuthorityName="Dirksen" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[862,994,1787,1811]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beniensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737570B303FCCC2893FC5DA43C" box="[862,994,1787,1811]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">E. beniensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Although specimens identified as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27570B303FA052893FD87A41A" baseAuthorityName="Dunn and Conant" baseAuthorityYear="1936" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deschauenseei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737570B303FA052893FD87A41A" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">E. deschauenseei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
or
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27570B303FDCC2972FD63A41A" baseAuthorityName="Dirksen" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[606,732,1821,1845]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beniensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737570B303FDCC2972FD63A41A" box="[606,732,1821,1845]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">E. beniensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are found in well-supported clades, those identified as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27570B303FAF62972FA6CA41B" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[1380,1491,1821,1844]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="notaeus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737570B303FAF62972FA6CA41B" box="[1380,1491,1821,1844]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">E. notaeus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are not, and instead represent a paraphyletic clade with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27570B303FBCD2950FAAAA479" baseAuthorityName="Dunn and Conant" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[1119,1301,1854,1878]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deschauenseei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737570B303FBCD2950FAAAA479" box="[1119,1301,1854,1878]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">E. deschauenseei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27570B303FAC32950FA6BA479" baseAuthorityName="Dirksen" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[1361,1492,1854,1878]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beniensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737570B303FAC32950FA6BA479" box="[1361,1492,1854,1878]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">E. beniensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E7C811E47570B303FE512930FD9CA457" box="[451,547,1887,1912]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[444,516,1657,1679]" captionTargetBox="[185,1403,242,1619]" captionTargetId="figure-173@9.[164,1403,231,1622]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Bayesian consensus phylogram for Eunectes species (50% majority-rule consensus tree) using the mtDNA gene sequence dataset (ND2, ND4, Cytb). Bayesian posterior probability node support values> 0.95 are indicated with black circles and distal values are not shown. Refer to Table S1 for details on tip labels." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10684305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10684305/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="2B8C5DE97571B302FE2E2816FD6DA5DA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10684305" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10684305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10684305/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[444,516,1657,1679]" targetBox="[185,1403,242,1619]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7F4C0D617571B302FE2E2816FD6DA5DA" blockId="9.[444,1494,1657,1781]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737571B302FE2E2816FDA2A5A1" bold="true" box="[444,541,1657,1679]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
Bayesian consensus phylogram for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27571B302FC392815FBE8A5A0" box="[939,1111,1657,1679]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737571B302FC392815FBBBA5A0" box="[939,1028,1658,1679]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Eunectes</emphasis>
|
||||
species
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(50% majority-rule consensus tree) using the mtDNA gene sequence dataset (ND2, ND4, Cytb). Bayesian posterior probability node support values> 0.95 are indicated with black circles and distal values are not shown. Refer to Table S1 for details on tip labels.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7F4C0D617571B301FE662976FC94A2A1" blockId="9.[443,1492,1817,2042]" lastBlockId="10.[443,1496,240,398]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
Comparisons were made to relate morphology to genetic placement. One of the snakes captured in the Bolivian Beni (B54) has markings that best fit the description of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27571B302FE292932FDD4A45B" baseAuthorityName="Dunn and Conant" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[443,619,1884,1908]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deschauenseei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737571B302FE292932FDD4A45B" box="[443,619,1884,1908]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">E. deschauenseei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, as indicated by the height of the lateral flecks, which do not reach half the height of the snake, and the dorsal blotches separated by two or three scales (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E7C811E47571B302FABE2911FA35A4B9" box="[1324,1418,1918,1942]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[444,515,1453,1475]" captionTargetBox="[139,1491,431,1418]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. (a) E. deschauenseei caught in Beni, Bolivia (B54). (b,c) Anacondas caught in Beni that had markings of E. deschauenseei but were recovered as E. beniensis in the phylogenetic analysis (B52 and B58). (d) E. beniensis recovered as E. beniensis in the phylogenetic analysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10684309" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10684309/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
). This specimen is recovered with other
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27571B302FCD229CFFC51A498" baseAuthorityName="Dunn and Conant" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[832,1006,1951,1975]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deschauenseei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737571B302FCD229CFFC51A498" box="[832,1006,1951,1975]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">E. deschauenseei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="07E44DF17571B302FBA129F0FB62A498" box="[1075,1245,1951,1975]" name="French Guiana" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and Marajo Island in the phylogenetic analysis (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E7C811E47571B302FD6729AEFCDDA4F6" box="[757,866,1985,2009]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[444,516,1657,1679]" captionTargetBox="[185,1403,242,1619]" captionTargetId="figure-173@9.[164,1403,231,1622]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Bayesian consensus phylogram for Eunectes species (50% majority-rule consensus tree) using the mtDNA gene sequence dataset (ND2, ND4, Cytb). Bayesian posterior probability node support values> 0.95 are indicated with black circles and distal values are not shown. Refer to Table S1 for details on tip labels." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10684305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10684305/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figures 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
and S
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E7C811E47571B302FC3C29AEFC06A4F6" box="[942,953,1985,2009]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[444,513,1189,1211]" captionTargetBox="[451,1472,245,1158]" captionTargetId="figure-377@2.[450,1485,220,1171]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Sampling location of samples used in this study. The green area is the known distribution of the Green Anaconda (Eunectes murinus). The yellow area is the distribution of the Yellow Anaconda (E. notaeus). The orange area is the reported distribution of E. beniensis and the red area is the distribution of E. deschauenseei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10684303" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10684303/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1</figureCitation>
|
||||
). In addition, other anacondas caught in Beni (B52 and B58) also had markings that best fit the description of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27571B302FB35298CFAE4A4D5" baseAuthorityName="Dunn and Conant" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[1191,1371,2018,2042]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deschauenseei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737571B302FB35298CFAE4A4D5" box="[1191,1371,2018,2042]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">E. deschauenseei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but these specimens were recovered with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27572B301FCA42E9EFC09A227" baseAuthorityName="Dirksen" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[822,950,240,264]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beniensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737572B301FCA42E9EFC09A227" box="[822,950,240,264]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E. beniensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the phylogenetic analysis (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E7C811E47572B301FA862E9FFA3FA227" box="[1300,1408,240,264]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[444,516,1657,1679]" captionTargetBox="[185,1403,242,1619]" captionTargetId="figure-173@9.[164,1403,231,1622]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Bayesian consensus phylogram for Eunectes species (50% majority-rule consensus tree) using the mtDNA gene sequence dataset (ND2, ND4, Cytb). Bayesian posterior probability node support values> 0.95 are indicated with black circles and distal values are not shown. Refer to Table S1 for details on tip labels." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10684305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10684305/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figures 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E7C811E47572B301FA292E9FFA77A227" box="[1467,1480,240,264]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[444,515,1453,1475]" captionTargetBox="[139,1491,431,1418]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. (a) E. deschauenseei caught in Beni, Bolivia (B54). (b,c) Anacondas caught in Beni that had markings of E. deschauenseei but were recovered as E. beniensis in the phylogenetic analysis (B52 and B58). (d) E. beniensis recovered as E. beniensis in the phylogenetic analysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10684309" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10684309/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">3</figureCitation>
|
||||
). For comparison,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E7C811E47572B301FD192F7DFD4FA205" box="[651,752,274,298]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[444,515,1453,1475]" captionTargetBox="[139,1491,431,1418]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. (a) E. deschauenseei caught in Beni, Bolivia (B54). (b,c) Anacondas caught in Beni that had markings of E. deschauenseei but were recovered as E. beniensis in the phylogenetic analysis (B52 and B58). (d) E. beniensis recovered as E. beniensis in the phylogenetic analysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10684309" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10684309/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
also shows
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27572B301FC1A2F7DFBB3A205" baseAuthorityName="Dirksen" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[904,1036,274,298]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beniensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737572B301FC1A2F7DFBB3A205" box="[904,1036,274,298]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E. beniensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with a characteristic pattern of these lineages (larger lateral flecks), caught in Beni, that is recovered as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27572B301FB432F5BFAEBA264" baseAuthorityName="Dirksen" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[1233,1364,307,331]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beniensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737572B301FB432F5BFAEBA264" box="[1233,1364,307,331]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E. beniensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the tree (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E7C811E47572B301FE502F3BFD9EA242" box="[450,545,340,365]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[444,516,1657,1679]" captionTargetBox="[185,1403,242,1619]" captionTargetId="figure-173@9.[164,1403,231,1622]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Bayesian consensus phylogram for Eunectes species (50% majority-rule consensus tree) using the mtDNA gene sequence dataset (ND2, ND4, Cytb). Bayesian posterior probability node support values> 0.95 are indicated with black circles and distal values are not shown. Refer to Table S1 for details on tip labels." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10684305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10684305/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Therefore, our results challenge the validity of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27572B301FBC32F3AFB71A243" baseAuthorityName="Dirksen" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[1105,1230,340,364]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beniensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737572B301FBC32F3AFB71A243" box="[1105,1230,340,364]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E. beniensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27572B301FA952F3AFA0AA243" baseAuthorityName="Dunn and Conant" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[1287,1461,340,364]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deschauenseei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737572B301FA952F3AFA0AA243" box="[1287,1461,340,364]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E. deschauenseei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as distinct species from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27572B301FD212F18FC9BA2A1" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[691,804,375,398]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="notaeus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737572B301FD212F18FC9BA2A1" box="[691,804,375,398]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E. notaeus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="2B8C5DE97572B301FE2E2BC2FB7AA528" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10684309" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10684309" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10684309/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[444,515,1453,1475]" targetBox="[139,1491,431,1418]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7F4C0D617572B301FE2E2BC2FB7AA528" blockId="10.[444,1491,1453,1543]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737572B301FE2E2BC2FDA4A6ED" bold="true" box="[444,539,1453,1475]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737572B301FDB92BC2FD88A6ED" bold="true" box="[555,567,1453,1474]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">a</emphasis>
|
||||
)
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27572B301FDD72BC1FD58A6ED" baseAuthorityName="Dunn and Conant" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[581,743,1453,1475]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deschauenseei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737572B301FDD72BC1FD58A6ED" box="[581,743,1453,1475]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E. deschauenseei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
caught in Beni, Bolivia (B54). (
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737572B301FBBD2BC2FB81A6ED" bold="true" box="[1071,1086,1453,1474]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">b</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737572B301FBD62BC2FBF0A6ED" bold="true" box="[1092,1103,1453,1474]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">c</emphasis>
|
||||
) Anacondas caught in Beni that had markings of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27572B301FDD22BBFFD5FA6CB" baseAuthorityName="Dunn and Conant" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[576,736,1487,1509]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deschauenseei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737572B301FDD22BBFFD5FA6CB" box="[576,736,1487,1509]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E. deschauenseei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
but were recovered as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27572B301FC412BBFFBFAA6CB" baseAuthorityName="Dirksen" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[979,1093,1487,1509]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beniensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737572B301FC412BBFFBFAA6CB" box="[979,1093,1487,1509]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E. beniensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the phylogenetic analysis (B52 and B58). (
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737572B301FD922B9DFDB0A528" bold="true" box="[512,527,1522,1543]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">d</emphasis>
|
||||
)
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27572B301FD8E2B9DFD30A529" baseAuthorityName="Dirksen" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[540,655,1521,1543]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beniensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737572B301FD8E2B9DFD30A529" box="[540,655,1521,1543]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E. beniensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
recovered as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27572B301FC8D2B9DFC2DA529" baseAuthorityName="Dirksen" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[799,914,1521,1543]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beniensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737572B301FC8D2B9DFC2DA529" box="[799,914,1521,1543]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E. beniensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the phylogenetic analysis.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7F4C0D617572B301FE662844FBF1A401" blockId="10.[443,1496,1579,1838]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
Consistent with a previous study [
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1B6270907572B301FC022844FC14A56C" author="Tarkhnishvili, D. & Hille, A. & Waller, T. & Todua, M. & Murtskhvaladze, M. & Bohme, W." box="[912,939,1579,1603]" journalOrPublisher="Amphibia-Reptilia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="379 - 393" part="43" refId="ref16164" refString="23. Tarkhnishvili, D.; Hille, A.; Waller, T.; Todua, M.; Murtskhvaladze, M.; Bohme, W. Morphological Trends and Genetic Divergence in Anacondas, Genus Eunectes Wagler, 1830 (Serpentes: Boidae). Amphibia-Reptilia 2022, 43, 379 - 393. [CrossRef]" title="Morphological Trends and Genetic Divergence in Anacondas, Genus Eunectes Wagler, 1830 (Serpentes: Boidae)" type="journal article" year="2022">23</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
], we recovered the Yellow Anacondas as paraphyletic, with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27572B301FDF12821FD5CA54A" baseAuthorityName="Dirksen" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[611,739,1613,1637]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beniensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737572B301FDF12821FD5CA54A" box="[611,739,1613,1637]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E. beniensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27572B301FC8F2821FC71A54A" baseAuthorityName="Dunn and Conant" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[797,974,1613,1637]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deschauenseei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737572B301FC8F2821FC92A54A" box="[797,813,1614,1637]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737572B301FCA82822FC71A54A" box="[826,974,1613,1637]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">deschauenseei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
nested within
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27572B301FBEE2821FB54A54A" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[1148,1259,1614,1637]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="notaeus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737572B301FBEE2821FB54A54A" box="[1148,1259,1614,1637]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E. notaeus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E7C811E47572B301FB682822FAE5A54A" box="[1274,1370,1613,1637]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[444,516,1657,1679]" captionTargetBox="[185,1403,242,1619]" captionTargetId="figure-173@9.[164,1403,231,1622]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Bayesian consensus phylogram for Eunectes species (50% majority-rule consensus tree) using the mtDNA gene sequence dataset (ND2, ND4, Cytb). Bayesian posterior probability node support values> 0.95 are indicated with black circles and distal values are not shown. Refer to Table S1 for details on tip labels." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10684305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10684305/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and with shallow levels of divergence between the clades (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="327138DA7572B301FB802801FBD5A5A9" box="[1042,1130,1646,1670]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="11.[443,504,239,260]" captionTargetId="graphics-72@11.[444,1492,423,545]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Table 3. Mean pairwise genetic distances between and within known and candidate species of the Eunectes species complex. E. notaeus 1 refers to samples Eno6, Eno8, RGRnot1, and AM236347. E. notaeus 2 refers to samples Eno4, Eno7, and ENU69810. Individual gene pairwise distant matrix is presented in Table S2." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2B8C5DE97573B300FE292E80FD1EA244" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" tableUuid="2B8C5DE97573B300FE292E80FD1EA244">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||||
). Our sampled taxa included one from the Bolivian
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="BD37C3837572B301FD2D28FFFD4CA587" box="[703,755,1680,1704]" country="Bolivia" name="Beni" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Beni</collectingRegion>
|
||||
that was both genetically and morphologically
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27572B301FA8D28FFFA6FA587" baseAuthorityName="Dunn and Conant" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[1311,1488,1680,1704]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deschauenseei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737572B301FA8D28FFFA6FA587" box="[1311,1488,1680,1704]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E. deschauenseei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, despite being outside the known range of this species. In addition, two other anacondas from the Bolivian
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="BD37C3837572B301FD1928BCFD01A5C4" box="[651,702,1747,1771]" country="Bolivia" name="Beni" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Beni</collectingRegion>
|
||||
had markings that would classify them as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27572B301FB3F28BCFAE4A5C4" baseAuthorityName="Dunn and Conant" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[1197,1371,1747,1771]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deschauenseei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737572B301FB3F28BCFAE4A5C4" box="[1197,1371,1747,1771]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E. deschauenseei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, while the phylogenetic analysis placed them within
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27572B301FC3B289AFB97A423" baseAuthorityName="Dirksen" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[937,1064,1780,1804]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beniensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737572B301FC3B289AFB97A423" box="[937,1064,1780,1804]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E. beniensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Therefore, our results challenge the validity of the Yellow Anaconda being split into species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="2B8C5DE97573B300FE292E80FD1EA244" ID-Table-UUID="2B8C5DE97573B300FE292E80FD1EA244" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2B8C5DE97573B300FE292E80FD1EA244" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[443,504,239,260]" targetBox="[460,1476,398,571]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="11" targetType="table">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7F4C0D617573B300FE292E80FD1EA244" blockId="11.[443,1497,239,364]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737573B300FE292E80FDACA22B" bold="true" box="[443,531,239,260]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Table 3.</emphasis>
|
||||
Mean pairwise genetic distances between and within known and candidate species of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27573B300FE762F7DFD30A208" box="[484,655,273,295]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737573B300FE762F7DFD82A208" box="[484,573,274,295]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Eunectes</emphasis>
|
||||
species
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
complex.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27573B300FD6D2F7DFCD9A208" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[767,870,274,295]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="notaeus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737573B300FD6D2F7DFCD9A208" box="[767,870,274,295]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">E. notaeus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
1 refers to samples Eno6, Eno8, RGRnot1, and AM236347.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27573B300FE292F5BFDA0A266" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[443,543,308,329]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="notaeus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737573B300FE292F5BFDA0A266" box="[443,543,308,329]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">E. notaeus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
2 refers to samples Eno4, Eno7, and ENU69810. Individual gene pairwise distant matrix is presented in Table S2.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7F4C0D617573B300FD032FE1FA32A114" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<table id="0DF3FFC175734CF4FE5E2FE1FA7BA114" box="[460,1476,398,571]" gridcols="6" gridrows="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<tr id="C1C30F2375734CF4FE5E2FE1FA7BA28B" box="[460,1476,398,420]" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rowspan-0="1">
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75734CF4FD032FE1FCBCA28B" box="[657,771,398,420]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27573B300FD032FE1FCBCA28C" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[657,771,398,419]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737573B300FD032FE1FCBCA28C" bold="true" box="[657,771,398,419]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">E. murinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75734CF4FCA32FE1FC15A28B" box="[817,938,398,420]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27573B300FCA32FE1FC15A28B" authorityName="Rivas & Quintana & Mancuso & Pacheco & Rivas & Mariotto & Salazar-Valenzuela & Baihua & Baihua & Burghardt & Vonk & Hernandez & García-Pérez & Fry & Corey-Rivas" authorityYear="2024" box="[817,938,398,420]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="akayima">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737573B300FCA32FE1FC15A28B" bold="true" box="[817,938,398,420]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">E. akayima</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75734CF4FC402FE1FBEDA28B" box="[978,1106,398,420]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737573B300FC402FE1FBEDA28C" bold="true" box="[978,1106,398,419]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27573B300FC402FE1FBFFA28C" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[978,1088,398,419]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="notaeus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737573B300FC402FE1FBFFA28C" bold="true" box="[978,1088,398,419]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">E. notaeus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
1
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75734CF4FBEA2FE1FB4BA28B" box="[1144,1268,398,420]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27573B300FBEA2FE1FB4BA28B" baseAuthorityName="Dirksen" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[1144,1268,398,420]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beniensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737573B300FBEA2FE1FB4BA28B" bold="true" box="[1144,1268,398,420]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">E. beniensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75734CF4FA8A2FE1FA7BA28B" box="[1304,1476,398,420]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27573B300FA8A2FE1FA7BA28B" baseAuthorityName="Dunn and Conant" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[1304,1476,398,420]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deschauenseei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737573B300FA8A2FE1FA7BA28B" bold="true" box="[1304,1476,398,420]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">E. deschauenseei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="C1C30F2375734CF4FE5E2FC3FA7BA2CF" box="[460,1476,428,480]" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75734CF4FE5E2FC3FDD7A2CF" box="[460,616,428,480]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737573B300FE772FC2FDFCA2CF" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27573B300FE772FC2FDF0A2EE" authorityName="Rivas & Quintana & Mancuso & Pacheco & Rivas & Mariotto & Salazar-Valenzuela & Baihua & Baihua & Burghardt & Vonk & Hernandez & García-Pérez & Fry & Corey-Rivas" authorityYear="2024" box="[485,591,428,450]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="akayima">E. akayima</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27573B300FE4C2FA4FDFCA2CF" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[478,579,459,480]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="notaeus">E. notaeus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
1
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FD032FC3FCBCA2CF" box="[657,771,428,480]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">5.50% 11.27%</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FCA32FC3FC15A2CF" box="[817,938,428,480]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">10.37%</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="C1C30F2375734CF4FE5E2F86FA7BA2D0" box="[460,1476,489,511]" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75734CF4FE5E2F86FDD7A2D0" box="[460,616,489,511]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27573B300FE722F85FDECA2D1" baseAuthorityName="Dirksen" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[480,595,489,511]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beniensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737573B300FE722F85FDECA2D1" box="[480,595,489,511]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">E. beniensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FD032F86FCBCA2D0" box="[657,771,489,511]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">10.98%</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FCA32F86FC15A2D0" box="[817,938,489,511]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">10.95%</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FC402F86FBEDA2D0" box="[978,1106,489,511]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">2.25%</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="C1C30F2375734CF4FE5E2C68FA7BA132" box="[460,1476,519,541]" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rowspan-5="1">
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75734CF4FE5E2C68FDD7A132" box="[460,616,519,541]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27573B300FE5E2C67FDD7A133" baseAuthorityName="Dunn and Conant" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[460,616,519,541]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deschauenseei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737573B300FE5E2C67FDD7A133" box="[460,616,519,541]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">E. deschauenseei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FD032C68FCBCA132" box="[657,771,519,541]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">10.58%</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FCA32C68FC15A132" box="[817,938,519,541]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">10.18%</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FC402C68FBEDA132" box="[978,1106,519,541]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">0.67%</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FBEA2C68FB4BA132" box="[1144,1268,519,541]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">2.14%</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="C1C30F2375734CF4FE5E2C49FA7BA114" box="[460,1476,550,571]" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75734CF4FE5E2C49FDD7A114" box="[460,616,550,571]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27573B300FE4C2C49FDFCA114" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[478,579,550,571]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="notaeus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737573B300FE4C2C49FDFCA114" box="[478,579,550,571]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">E. notaeus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
2
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FD032C49FCBCA114" box="[657,771,550,571]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">10.94%</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FCA32C49FC15A114" box="[817,938,550,571]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">9.91%</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FC402C49FBEDA114" box="[978,1106,550,571]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">0.74%</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FBEA2C49FB4BA114" box="[1144,1268,550,571]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">2.38%</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FA8A2C49FA7BA114" box="[1304,1476,550,571]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">0.81%</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7F4C0D617573B300FE2E2C04FB98A1AB" blockId="11.[444,1063,619,644]" box="[444,1063,619,644]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">3.1.3. Green Anaconda Phylogenetics and Taxonomy</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7F4C0D617573B300FE662CFAFAD4A7C9" blockId="11.[443,1495,661,1254]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
Our analyses further identify two deeply divergent, highly supported sister clades of the Green Anaconda. One clade is composed of specimens sampled in the northern part of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27573B300FE742CB7FDE1A1C0" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[486,606,728,751]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737573B300FE742CB7FDE1A1C0" box="[486,606,728,751]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">E. murinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
range; we find this clade in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="07E44DF17573B300FC0D2CB7FC40A1DF" box="[927,1023,728,752]" name="Ecuador" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="07E44DF17573B300FB982CB7FB3EA1DF" box="[1034,1153,728,752]" name="Venezuela" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="07E44DF17573B300FB1E2CB7FB4EA1DF" box="[1164,1265,728,752]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="07E44DF17573B300FB692CB7FAE7A1DF" box="[1275,1368,728,752]" name="Guyana" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="07E44DF17573B300FAF02CB7FA6DA1DF" box="[1378,1490,728,752]" name="Suriname" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Suriname</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, and French Guiana. It can be assumed that it is also present in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="07E44DF17573B300FB092C96FAAEA03E" box="[1179,1297,761,785]" name="Colombia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. The other clade includes specimens from the southern part of South America, including
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="07E44DF17573B300FB7B2D74FAA2A01C" box="[1257,1309,795,819]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Perú</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="07E44DF17573B300FAB92D75FAC3A01D" box="[1323,1404,794,818]" name="Bolivia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, French Guiana, and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="07E44DF17573B300FDD92D53FD2FA07B" box="[587,656,828,852]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. Specimens of both clades are found in French Guiana, suggesting that this country may be a contact zone for these two groups (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E7C811E47573B300FBB02D32FB3DA059" box="[1058,1154,861,886]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[444,516,1657,1679]" captionTargetBox="[185,1403,242,1619]" captionTargetId="figure-173@9.[164,1403,231,1622]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Bayesian consensus phylogram for Eunectes species (50% majority-rule consensus tree) using the mtDNA gene sequence dataset (ND2, ND4, Cytb). Bayesian posterior probability node support values> 0.95 are indicated with black circles and distal values are not shown. Refer to Table S1 for details on tip labels." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10684305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10684305/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The northern and southern clades have levels of divergences much higher than those for the Yellow Anaconda variants (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E7C811E47573B300FE512DCFFD9AA096" box="[451,549,928,953]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[444,516,1657,1679]" captionTargetBox="[185,1403,242,1619]" captionTargetId="figure-173@9.[164,1403,231,1622]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Bayesian consensus phylogram for Eunectes species (50% majority-rule consensus tree) using the mtDNA gene sequence dataset (ND2, ND4, Cytb). Bayesian posterior probability node support values> 0.95 are indicated with black circles and distal values are not shown. Refer to Table S1 for details on tip labels." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10684305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10684305/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<tableCitation id="327138DA7573B300FDA62DCFFD38A096" box="[564,647,928,953]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="11.[443,504,239,260]" captionTargetId="graphics-72@11.[444,1492,423,545]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Table 3. Mean pairwise genetic distances between and within known and candidate species of the Eunectes species complex. E. notaeus 1 refers to samples Eno6, Eno8, RGRnot1, and AM236347. E. notaeus 2 refers to samples Eno4, Eno7, and ENU69810. Individual gene pairwise distant matrix is presented in Table S2." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2B8C5DE97573B300FE292E80FD1EA244" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" tableUuid="2B8C5DE97573B300FE292E80FD1EA244">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||||
). Our morphological data show that specimens from the northern and southern clades are indistinguishable morphologically (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="327138DA7573B300FBA82DADFB33A0F5" box="[1082,1164,962,986]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="11.[443,504,1294,1315]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Table 4. Morphological and meristic comparison of different species of Green Anaconda. The specimen listed as Linnaeus’s is the combination of type series 319 described in Systema Naturae [91] and Gronovious [92]. The other morphological info reported is from NRM-9 from Stockholm Museum. In addition, Roze [88] reports 242–262 ventral, 63–73 subcaudal, and 57–64 dorsal scales at mid-body for Venezuela. Gorzula and Pilgrim [89] scale count is within these ranges for Guyana. Data from E. akayima from this study come from Venezuela (n = 3). Other data from the literature come from Dirksen [24], reported by Tarkhnishvili et al. [23]. Suborbitalia are also called lorilabials in other references. Here, we followed Dirksen (2002) for consistency." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2B8C5DE97573B300FE292B61FB80A53C" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" tableUuid="2B8C5DE97573B300FE292B61FB80A53C">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||||
). Irrespective of crypsis, our genetic data show that these two distinct lineages within
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27573B300FBF32D8BFB69A0D4" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1121,1238,996,1019]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737573B300FBF32D8BFB69A0D4" box="[1121,1238,996,1019]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Emurinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
form well-supported deep clades, allowing the separation into two species based on their genetic divergence (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="327138DA7573B300FE502A49FD9DA711" box="[450,546,1062,1086]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="11.[443,504,239,260]" captionTargetId="graphics-72@11.[444,1492,423,545]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Table 3. Mean pairwise genetic distances between and within known and candidate species of the Eunectes species complex. E. notaeus 1 refers to samples Eno6, Eno8, RGRnot1, and AM236347. E. notaeus 2 refers to samples Eno4, Eno7, and ENU69810. Individual gene pairwise distant matrix is presented in Table S2." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2B8C5DE97573B300FE292E80FD1EA244" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" tableUuid="2B8C5DE97573B300FE292E80FD1EA244">Tables 3</tableCitation>
|
||||
and S
|
||||
<tableCitation id="327138DA7573B300FDF82A49FDC6A711" box="[618,633,1062,1086]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="6.[443,502,239,260]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Table 2. Calibration points used in this study. Maximum ages were not applied for the fossil evidence; n.a stands for “not applied”." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2B8C5DE9757EB30DFE292E80FD56A208" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" tableUuid="2B8C5DE9757EB30DFE292E80FD56A208">2</tableCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E7C811E47573B300FD162A49FD5CA711" box="[644,739,1062,1086]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[444,516,1657,1679]" captionTargetBox="[185,1403,242,1619]" captionTargetId="figure-173@9.[164,1403,231,1622]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Bayesian consensus phylogram for Eunectes species (50% majority-rule consensus tree) using the mtDNA gene sequence dataset (ND2, ND4, Cytb). Bayesian posterior probability node support values> 0.95 are indicated with black circles and distal values are not shown. Refer to Table S1 for details on tip labels." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10684305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10684305/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
), temporal divergence (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E7C811E47573B300FC682A49FBE3A711" box="[1018,1116,1062,1086]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[444,514,1151,1173]" captionTargetBox="[248,1340,240,1112]" captionTargetId="figure-342@12.[248,1452,232,1123]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Calibrated species tree depicting inferred lineage splits, assuming the scenario of one land bridge. Node bars on the tree represent the 95% highest posterior density (HPD95%) divergence interval of each node. Legend at the top shows the split of the E. akayima and E. murinus under the three other scenarios that we tested for." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10684311" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10684311/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<tableCitation id="327138DA7573B300FB072A49FB58A711" box="[1173,1255,1062,1086]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="12.[443,504,1315,1336]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Table 5. Calculated median ages for the split of the different lineages under different evolutionary scenarios. HPD95% confidence intervals are listed in parentheses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2B8C5DE97574B307FE292B4CFBCEA674" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" tableUuid="2B8C5DE97574B307FE292B4CFBCEA674">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||||
), and branch length in both the Bayesian analysis and Maximum Likelihood trees (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E7C811E47573B300FB012A27FB41A74F" box="[1171,1278,1096,1120]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[444,516,1657,1679]" captionTargetBox="[185,1403,242,1619]" captionTargetId="figure-173@9.[164,1403,231,1622]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Bayesian consensus phylogram for Eunectes species (50% majority-rule consensus tree) using the mtDNA gene sequence dataset (ND2, ND4, Cytb). Bayesian posterior probability node support values> 0.95 are indicated with black circles and distal values are not shown. Refer to Table S1 for details on tip labels." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10684305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10684305/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figures 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
and S
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E7C811E47573B300FAD82A27FAEAA74F" box="[1354,1365,1096,1120]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[444,513,1189,1211]" captionTargetBox="[451,1472,245,1158]" captionTargetId="figure-377@2.[450,1485,220,1171]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Sampling location of samples used in this study. The green area is the known distribution of the Green Anaconda (Eunectes murinus). The yellow area is the distribution of the Yellow Anaconda (E. notaeus). The orange area is the reported distribution of E. beniensis and the red area is the distribution of E. deschauenseei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10684303" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10684303/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">1</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The high level of genetic divergence and geographic separation justifies the recognition of the northern population as a distinct species. Therefore, we propose the scientific name
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27573B300FA852AE4FA6CA78C" authority="Rivas & Quintana & Mancuso & Pacheco & Rivas & Mariotto & Salazar-Valenzuela & Baihua & Baihua & Burghardt & Vonk & Hernandez & García-Pérez & Fry & Corey-Rivas, 2024" authorityName="Rivas & Quintana & Mancuso & Pacheco & Rivas & Mariotto & Salazar-Valenzuela & Baihua & Baihua & Burghardt & Vonk & Hernandez & García-Pérez & Fry & Corey-Rivas" authorityYear="2024" box="[1303,1491,1163,1187]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="akayima" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737573B300FA852AE4FA6CA78C" box="[1303,1491,1163,1187]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Eunectes akayima</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="56B46C087573B300FE2E2AC2FDA3A7EB" box="[444,540,1197,1220]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. Nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
(see
|
||||
<tableCitation id="327138DA7573B300FDC52AC3FD18A7EB" box="[599,679,1196,1220]" captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="13.[443,503,342,363]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Table 6. Morphological comparison of the holotype and paratype of E. akayima, and the lectotype of E. murinus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2B8C5DE97575B306FE292F39FD90A2A2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" tableUuid="2B8C5DE97575B306FE292F39FD90A2A2">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||||
for
|
||||
<typeStatus id="A048B3C37573B300FD442AC3FC82A7EB" box="[726,829,1196,1220]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
details, and Discussion Section 4.2 for the etymology and more in-depth considerations) and the common name Northern Green Anaconda.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="2B8C5DE97573B300FE292B61FB80A53C" ID-Table-UUID="2B8C5DE97573B300FE292B61FB80A53C" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2B8C5DE97573B300FE292B61FB80A53C" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[443,504,1294,1315]" targetBox="[474,1465,1588,2051]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="11" targetType="table">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7F4C0D617573B300FE292B61FB80A53C" blockId="11.[443,1496,1294,1555]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737573B300FE292B61FDABA60C" bold="true" box="[443,532,1294,1315]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Table 4.</emphasis>
|
||||
Morphological and meristic comparison of different species of Green Anaconda. The specimen listed as Linnaeus’s is the combination of type series 319 described in
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737573B300FA922B5FFA19A669" box="[1280,1446,1328,1350]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Systema Naturae</emphasis>
|
||||
[
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1B6270907573B300FA262B5FFA73A66A" author="von Linnaeus, C." box="[1460,1484,1328,1349]" journalOrPublisher="Impensis Direct: Holmiae, Sweden" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref19824" refString="91. von Linnaeus, C. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis; Salvii, L., Ed.; Impensis Direct: Holmiae, Sweden, 1758; Volume 1." title="Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis; Salvii, L., Ed" type="book" year="1758">91</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
] and Gronovious [
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1B6270907573B300FDE22B3DFD37A648" author="The Netherlands" box="[624,648,1362,1383]" journalOrPublisher="Lugduni-Batavorum: Leiden" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" part="3" refId="ref19876" refString="92. Gronovius, L. T. Museum Ichthyologicum, Sistens Piscium Indigenorum & Quorumdam Exoticorum; Haak, T., Ed.; Lugduni-Batavorum: Leiden, The Netherlands, 1756; Volume 3. [CrossRef]" title="Gronovius, L. T. Museum Ichthyologicum, Sistens Piscium Indigenorum & Quorumdam Exoticorum; Haak, T., Ed" type="journal volume" year="1756">92</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]. The othermorphological info reported is from NRM-9 from Stockholm Museum. In addition, Roze [
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1B6270907573B300FDEC2B1BFD29A6A6" author="Roze, J. A. La" box="[638,662,1396,1417]" journalOrPublisher="Ediciones de la Biblioteca: Caracas, Venezuela" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref19684" refString="88. Roze, J. A. La Taxonomia y Zoogeografia de Los Ofidios de Venezuela; Universidad Central de Venezuela, Ediciones de la Biblioteca: Caracas, Venezuela, 1966." title="Taxonomia y Zoogeografia de Los Ofidios de Venezuela; Universidad Central de Venezuela" type="book" year="1966">88</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
] reports 242–262 ventral, 63–73 subcaudal, and 57–64 dorsal scales at mid-body for Venezuela. Gorzula and Pilgrim [
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1B6270907573B300FCD82BF8FCDDA683" author="Gorzula, S. & Pilgrim, K." box="[842,866,1431,1452]" journalOrPublisher="Switzerland" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref19718" refString="89. Gorzula, S.; Pilgrim, K. Snakes of the Family Boidae in the Cooperative Republic of Guayana: An Assessment of the Trade and Status of Sixe Species; Report to the Secretariat of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES): Lausanne, Switzerland, 1992." title="Snakes of the Family Boidae in the Cooperative Republic of Guayana: An Assessment of the Trade and Status of Sixe Species; Report to the Secretariat of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES): Lausanne" type="book" year="1992">89</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
] scale count is within these ranges for Guyana. Data from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27573B300FE292BD6FD98A6E1" authorityName="Rivas & Quintana & Mancuso & Pacheco & Rivas & Mariotto & Salazar-Valenzuela & Baihua & Baihua & Burghardt & Vonk & Hernandez & García-Pérez & Fry & Corey-Rivas" authorityYear="2024" box="[443,551,1465,1486]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="akayima">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737573B300FE292BD6FD98A6E1" box="[443,551,1465,1486]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">E. akayima</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from this study come from Venezuela (
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737573B300FC5D2BD6FC62A6E1" box="[975,989,1465,1486]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">n</emphasis>
|
||||
= 3). Other data from the literature come from Dirksen [
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1B6270907573B300FDB22BB4FD87A6DF" author="Dirksen, L." box="[544,568,1499,1520]" journalOrPublisher="Natur und Tier - Verlag: Munster, Germany" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref16226" refString="24. Dirksen, L. Anakondas: Monographische Revision der Gattung Eunectes Wagler, 1830 (Serpentes, Boidae); Natur und Tier - Verlag: Munster, Germany, 2002." title="Anakondas: Monographische Revision der Gattung Eunectes Wagler, 1830 (Serpentes, Boidae)" type="book" year="2022">24</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
], reported by Tarkhnishvili et al. [
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1B6270907573B300FC232BB4FC76A6DF" author="Tarkhnishvili, D. & Hille, A. & Waller, T. & Todua, M. & Murtskhvaladze, M. & Bohme, W." box="[945,969,1499,1520]" journalOrPublisher="Amphibia-Reptilia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="379 - 393" part="43" refId="ref16164" refString="23. Tarkhnishvili, D.; Hille, A.; Waller, T.; Todua, M.; Murtskhvaladze, M.; Bohme, W. Morphological Trends and Genetic Divergence in Anacondas, Genus Eunectes Wagler, 1830 (Serpentes: Boidae). Amphibia-Reptilia 2022, 43, 379 - 393. [CrossRef]" title="Morphological Trends and Genetic Divergence in Anacondas, Genus Eunectes Wagler, 1830 (Serpentes: Boidae)" type="journal article" year="2022">23</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]. Suborbitalia are also called lorilabials in other references. Here, we followed Dirksen (2002) for consistency.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7F4C0D617573B300FD6D285AFAC5AB2C" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<table id="0DF3FFC175734CF4FE48285BFA06AB2C" box="[474,1465,1588,2051]" gridcols="5" gridrows="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<tr id="C1C30F2375734CF4FE48285BFA06A54F" box="[474,1465,1588,1632]" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rowspan-0="1">
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75734CF4FD6D285BFCD5A54F" box="[767,874,1588,1632]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737573B300FD6D285AFCD5A54F" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27573B300FD6D285AFCD5A568" authorityName="Rivas & Quintana & Mancuso & Pacheco & Rivas & Mariotto & Salazar-Valenzuela & Baihua & Baihua & Burghardt & Vonk & Hernandez & García-Pérez & Fry & Corey-Rivas" authorityYear="2024" box="[767,874,1588,1608]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="akayima">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737573B300FD6D285AFCD5A568" bold="true" box="[767,874,1588,1608]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">E. akayima</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
This Study
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75734CF4FC38285BFB88A54F" box="[938,1079,1588,1632]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27573B300FC29285AFB88A54F" authority="Dirksen (2002)" authorityName="Dirksen" authorityYear="2002" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="akayima">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737573B300FC29285AFB88A54F" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737573B300FC29285AFB99A568" bold="true" box="[955,1062,1588,1608]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">E. akayima</emphasis>
|
||||
Dirksen (2002)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75734CF4FBFF285BFB45A54F" box="[1133,1274,1588,1632]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27573B300FB13285AFB45A54F" authority="Dirksen (2002) Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Dirksen (2002) Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737573B300FB13285AFB45A54F" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737573B300FB13285AFB59A568" bold="true" box="[1153,1254,1588,1608]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">E. murinus</emphasis>
|
||||
Dirksen (2002)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75734CF4FABD285BFA06A54F" box="[1327,1465,1588,1632]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737573B300FABD285BFA20A54F" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Linnaeus 1758 (NRM-9)</emphasis>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="C1C30F2375734CF4FE48281CFA06A5A8" box="[474,1465,1651,1671]" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rowspan-2="1">
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75734CF4FE48281CFD03A5A8" box="[474,700,1651,1671]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ventral</th>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FD6D281CFCD5A5A8" box="[767,874,1651,1671]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">247–249</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FBFF281CFB45A5A8" box="[1133,1274,1651,1671]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">243–259</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FABD281CFA06A5A8" box="[1327,1465,1651,1671]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">254</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="C1C30F2375734CF4FE4828F5FA06A582" box="[474,1465,1690,1709]" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75734CF4FE4828F5FD03A582" box="[474,700,1690,1709]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Subcaudal</th>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FD6D28F5FCD5A582" box="[767,874,1690,1709]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">67–68</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FC3828F5FB88A582" box="[938,1079,1690,1709]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">61–69</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FBFF28F5FB45A582" box="[1133,1274,1690,1709]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">61–78</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FABD28F5FA06A582" box="[1327,1465,1690,1709]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">65–69</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="C1C30F2375734CF4FE4828AFFA06A5FC" box="[474,1465,1728,1747]" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75734CF4FE4828AFFD03A5FC" box="[474,700,1728,1747]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Dorsal scales, mid-body</th>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FD6D28AFFCD5A5FC" box="[767,874,1728,1747]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">65–65</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FC3828AFFB88A5FC" box="[938,1079,1728,1747]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">59–66</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FBFF28AFFB45A5FC" box="[1133,1274,1728,1747]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">58–74</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="C1C30F2375734CF4FE482889FA06A5D6" box="[474,1465,1766,1785]" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75734CF4FE482889FD03A5D6" box="[474,700,1766,1785]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Dorsal blotches</th>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FD6D2889FCD5A5D6" box="[767,874,1766,1785]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">80–90</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FC382889FB88A5D6" box="[938,1079,1766,1785]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">104–116</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FBFF2889FB45A5D6" box="[1133,1274,1766,1785]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">81–148</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FABD2889FA06A5D6" box="[1327,1465,1766,1785]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">113</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="C1C30F2375734CF4FE482963FA06A430" box="[474,1465,1804,1823]" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75734CF4FE482963FD03A430" box="[474,700,1804,1823]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Spots in contact</th>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FD6D2963FCD5A430" box="[767,874,1804,1823]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">10–20</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="C1C30F2375734CF4FE48295DFA06A46A" box="[474,1465,1842,1861]" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75734CF4FE48295DFD03A46A" box="[474,700,1842,1861]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Supralabials</th>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FD6D295DFCD5A46A" box="[767,874,1842,1861]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">14–15</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FC38295DFB88A46A" box="[938,1079,1842,1861]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">16–17</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FBFF295DFB45A46A" box="[1133,1274,1842,1861]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">14–18</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FABD295DFA06A46A" box="[1327,1465,1842,1861]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">damaged</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="C1C30F2375734CF4FE482937FA06A444" box="[474,1465,1880,1899]" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75734CF4FE482937FD03A444" box="[474,700,1880,1899]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Infralabials</th>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FD6D2937FCD5A444" box="[767,874,1880,1899]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">16–20</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FC382937FB88A444" box="[938,1079,1880,1899]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">20–21</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FBFF2937FB45A444" box="[1133,1274,1880,1899]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">18–25</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FABD2937FA06A444" box="[1327,1465,1880,1899]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">16</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="C1C30F2375734CF4FE482911FA06A4BE" box="[474,1465,1918,1937]" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75734CF4FE482911FD03A4BE" box="[474,700,1918,1937]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Infraoculars</th>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FD6D2911FCD5A4BE" box="[767,874,1918,1937]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">2–3</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FABD2911FA06A4BE" box="[1327,1465,1918,1937]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">3</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="C1C30F2375734CF4FE4829CBFA06A498" box="[474,1465,1956,1975]" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75734CF4FE4829CBFD03A498" box="[474,700,1956,1975]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">In contact with eye</th>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FD6D29CBFCD5A498" box="[767,874,1956,1975]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">8–9</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FC3829CBFB88A498" box="[938,1079,1956,1975]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">6–8</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FBFF29CBFB45A498" box="[1133,1274,1956,1975]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">5–10</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FABD29CBFA06A498" box="[1327,1465,1956,1975]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">damaged</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="C1C30F2375734CF4FE4829A5FA06A4F2" box="[474,1465,1994,2013]" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75734CF4FE4829A5FD03A4F2" box="[474,700,1994,2013]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Loreal</th>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FD6D29A5FCD5A4F2" box="[767,874,1994,2013]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">4–5</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FC3829A5FB88A4F2" box="[938,1079,1994,2013]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">3–9</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FBFF29A5FB45A4F2" box="[1133,1274,1994,2013]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">3–9</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FABD29A5FA06A4F2" box="[1327,1465,1994,2013]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">damaged</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="C1C30F2375734CF4FE48299FFA06AB2C" box="[474,1465,2032,2051]" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75734CF4FE48299FFD03AB2C" box="[474,700,2032,2051]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Supraocular</th>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FD6D299FFCD5AB2C" box="[767,874,2032,2051]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">1–1</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75734CF4FABD299FFA06AB2C" box="[1327,1465,2032,2051]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">1</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="2B8C5DE97574B307FE2E2A10FCE5A7D3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10684311" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10684311" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10684311/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[444,514,1151,1173]" targetBox="[248,1340,240,1112]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7F4C0D617574B307FE2E2A10FCE5A7D3" blockId="12.[444,1492,1151,1276]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737574B307FE2E2A10FDA5A7BB" bold="true" box="[444,538,1151,1173]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||||
Calibrated species tree depicting inferred lineage splits, assuming the scenario of one land bridge.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27574B307FD812ACDFDF0A797" box="[531,591,1186,1208]" genus="Node" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="genus">Node</taxonomicName>
|
||||
bars on the tree represent the 95% highest posterior density (HPD95%) divergence interval of each node. Legend at the top shows the split of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27574B307FBC72AABFB7EA7F6" authorityName="Dirksen" authorityYear="2002" box="[1109,1217,1220,1241]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="akayima">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737574B307FBC72AABFB7EA7F6" box="[1109,1217,1220,1241]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">E. akayima</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27574B307FB672AABFADAA7F6" authorityName="Dirksen (2002) Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1269,1381,1220,1241]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737574B307FB672AABFADAA7F6" box="[1269,1381,1220,1241]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">E. murinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
under the three other scenarios that we tested for.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="2B8C5DE97574B307FE292B4CFBCEA674" ID-Table-UUID="2B8C5DE97574B307FE292B4CFBCEA674" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2B8C5DE97574B307FE292B4CFBCEA674" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[443,504,1315,1336]" targetBox="[114,1444,1410,1863]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="12" targetType="table">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7F4C0D617574B307FE292B4CFBCEA674" blockId="12.[443,1492,1315,1371]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737574B307FE292B4CFDAFA617" bold="true" box="[443,528,1315,1336]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Table 5.</emphasis>
|
||||
Calculated median ages for the split of the different lineages under different evolutionary scenarios. HPD95% confidence intervals are listed in parentheses.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7F4C0D617574B307FF5D2BFEFADBA468" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<table id="0DF3FFC175744CF4FFE02BEDFA1BA468" box="[114,1444,1410,1863]" gridcols="5" gridrows="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<tr id="C1C30F2375744CF4FFE02BEDFA1BA69A" box="[114,1444,1410,1461]" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75744CF4FFE02BEDFE36A69A" box="[114,393,1410,1461]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737574B307FF5D2BFEFE92A688" bold="true" box="[207,301,1425,1447]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Scenario</emphasis>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75744CF4FE2B2BEDFD31A69A" box="[441,654,1410,1461]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737574B307FE2B2BEDFDFDA69A" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737574B307FE2B2BEDFD31A6B7" bold="true" box="[441,654,1410,1432]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27574B307FE2B2BEDFDA2A6B8" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1830" box="[441,541,1410,1431]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Epicrates" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Epicrates</taxonomicName>
|
||||
-
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27574B307FDA32BECFDFDA69A" authority="Node" authorityName="Node" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Eunectes Node</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75744CF4FD292BEDFC18A69A" box="[699,935,1410,1461]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737574B307FD292BECFCF0A69A" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
Basal
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27574B307FD6E2BECFCE6A6B7" box="[764,857,1411,1432]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737574B307FD6E2BECFCE6A6B7" bold="true" box="[764,857,1411,1432]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Eunectes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27574B307FC812BCFFCF0A69A" authority="LCA" authorityName="LCA" box="[787,847,1440,1461]" genus="Node" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="genus">Node</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75744CF4FC452BEDFB1AA69A" box="[983,1189,1410,1461]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737574B307FC452BEDFB30A69A" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
LCA of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27574B307FBBE2BECFB1AA6B7" authorityName="Dirksen" authorityYear="2002" box="[1068,1189,1410,1432]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="akayima">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737574B307FBBE2BECFB1AA6B7" bold="true" box="[1068,1189,1410,1432]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">E. akayima</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27574B307FB8F2BCFFB30A69A" authority="LCA" authorityName="LCA" box="[1053,1167,1440,1461]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737574B307FB8F2BCFFB30A69A" bold="true" box="[1053,1167,1440,1461]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">E. murinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75744CF4FB612BEDFA1BA69A" box="[1267,1444,1410,1461]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737574B307FB6E2BEDFA1BA69A" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
LCA of Yellow Anaconda
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27574B307FAFA2BCFFA1BA69A" box="[1384,1444,1440,1461]" genus="Node" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="genus">Node</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="C1C30F2375744CF4FFE02BA5FA1BA6CF" box="[114,1444,1482,1504]" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75744CF4FFE02BA5FE36A6CF" box="[114,393,1482,1504]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Two land bridges</th>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75744CF4FE2B2BA5FD31A6CF" box="[441,654,1482,1504]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">37.68</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75744CF4FD292BA5FC18A6CF" box="[699,935,1482,1504]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">20.81</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75744CF4FC452BA5FB1AA6CF" box="[983,1189,1482,1504]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">8.70</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75744CF4FB612BA5FA1BA6CF" box="[1267,1444,1482,1504]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">2.85</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="C1C30F2375744CF4FFE02B88FA1BA6D2" box="[114,1444,1511,1533]" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75744CF4FFE02B88FE36A6D2" box="[114,393,1511,1533]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">(Gunnerus</th>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75744CF4FE2B2B88FD31A6D2" box="[441,654,1511,1533]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">(51.28–24.01)</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75744CF4FD292B88FC18A6D2" box="[699,935,1511,1533]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">(31.93–11.18)</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75744CF4FC452B88FB1AA6D2" box="[983,1189,1511,1533]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">(15.06–3.95)</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75744CF4FB612B88FA1BA6D2" box="[1267,1444,1511,1533]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">(5.21–1.31)</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="C1C30F2375744CF4FFE0286BFA1BA535" box="[114,1444,1540,1562]" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75744CF4FFE0286BFE36A535" box="[114,393,1540,1562]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ridge/Kerguelen Plateau)</th>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75744CF4FE2B286BFD31A535" box="[441,654,1540,1562]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mya</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75744CF4FD29286BFC18A535" box="[699,935,1540,1562]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mya</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75744CF4FC45286BFB1AA535" box="[983,1189,1540,1562]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mya</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75744CF4FB61286BFA1BA535" box="[1267,1444,1540,1562]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mya</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="C1C30F2375744CF4FFE02841FA1BA551" box="[114,1444,1582,1662]" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75744CF4FFE02841FE36A551" box="[114,393,1582,1662]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">One land bridge (Kerguelen Plateau only)</th>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75744CF4FE2B2841FD31A551" box="[441,654,1582,1662]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">38.62 (52.47–25.10) Mya</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75744CF4FD292841FC18A551" box="[699,935,1582,1662]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">21.54 (33.15–11.68) Mya</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75744CF4FC452841FB1AA551" box="[983,1189,1582,1662]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">9.08 (15.57–4.44) Mya</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75744CF4FB612841FA1BA551" box="[1267,1444,1582,1662]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">2.96 (5.45–1.38) Mya</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="C1C30F2375744CF4FFE028FCFA1BA586" box="[114,1444,1683,1705]" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75744CF4FE2B28FCFD31A586" box="[441,654,1683,1705]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">46.30</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75744CF4FD2928FCFC18A586" box="[699,935,1683,1705]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">26.30</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75744CF4FC4528FCFB1AA586" box="[983,1189,1683,1705]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">11.30</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75744CF4FB6128FCFA1BA586" box="[1267,1444,1683,1705]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">3.87</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="C1C30F2375744CF4FFE028DFFA1BA5E9" box="[114,1444,1712,1734]" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75744CF4FFE028DFFE36A5E9" box="[114,393,1712,1734]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">No land bridges</th>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75744CF4FE2B28DFFD31A5E9" box="[441,654,1712,1734]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">(66.58–28.40)</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75744CF4FD2928DFFC18A5E9" box="[699,935,1712,1734]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">(40.97–14.67)</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75744CF4FC4528DFFB1AA5E9" box="[983,1189,1712,1734]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">(19.46–5.48)</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75744CF4FB6128DFFA1BA5E9" box="[1267,1444,1712,1734]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">(7.14–1.75)</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="C1C30F2375744CF4FFE028A1FA1BA5CC" box="[114,1444,1742,1763]" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75744CF4FE2B28A1FD31A5CC" box="[441,654,1742,1763]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mya</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75744CF4FD2928A1FC18A5CC" box="[699,935,1742,1763]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mya</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75744CF4FC4528A1FB1AA5CC" box="[983,1189,1742,1763]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mya</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75744CF4FB6128A1FA1BA5CC" box="[1267,1444,1742,1763]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mya</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="C1C30F2375744CF4FFE02898FA1BA422" box="[114,1444,1783,1805]" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75744CF4FE2B2898FD31A422" box="[441,654,1783,1805]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">35.34</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75744CF4FD292898FC18A422" box="[699,935,1783,1805]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">19.88</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75744CF4FC452898FB1AA422" box="[983,1189,1783,1805]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">8.59</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75744CF4FB612898FA1BA422" box="[1267,1444,1783,1805]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">2.87</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="C1C30F2375744CF4FFE0297BFA1BA404" box="[114,1444,1812,1835]" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75744CF4FFE0297BFE36A404" box="[114,393,1812,1835]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
Fossil calibration only [
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1B6270907574B307FEFB297AFE3EA405" author="Head, J. J." box="[361,385,1813,1834]" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontol. Electron." pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 17" part="18" refId="ref19412" refString="82. Head, J. J. Fossil Calibration Dates for Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of Snakes 1: Serpentes, Alethinophidia, Boidae, Pythonidae. Palaeontol. Electron. 2015, 18, 1 - 17. [CrossRef]" title="Fossil Calibration Dates for Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of Snakes 1: Serpentes, Alethinophidia, Boidae, Pythonidae" type="journal article" year="2015">82</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75744CF4FE2B297BFD31A404" box="[441,654,1812,1835]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">(45.41–23.98)</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75744CF4FD29297BFC18A404" box="[699,935,1812,1835]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">(29.61–11.24)</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75744CF4FC45297BFB1AA404" box="[983,1189,1812,1835]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">(14.43–4.08)</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75744CF4FB61297BFA1BA404" box="[1267,1444,1812,1835]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">(5.28–1.32)</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="C1C30F2375744CF4FFE0295DFA1BA468" box="[114,1444,1842,1863]" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75744CF4FE2B295DFD31A468" box="[441,654,1842,1863]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mya</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75744CF4FD29295DFC18A468" box="[699,935,1842,1863]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mya</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75744CF4FC45295DFB1AA468" box="[983,1189,1842,1863]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mya</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75744CF4FB61295DFA1BA468" box="[1267,1444,1842,1863]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mya</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7F4C0D617574B306FE6629E9FA6CA205" blockId="12.[443,1497,1926,2050]" lastBlockId="13.[444,1492,240,298]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
Intriguingly, within both
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27574B307FC8729E8FC37A4B1" authorityName="Dirksen" authorityYear="2002" box="[789,904,1926,1950]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="akayima">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737574B307FC8729E8FC37A4B1" box="[789,904,1926,1950]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">E. akayima</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27574B307FC2D29E8FB89A4B1" box="[959,1078,1927,1950]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737574B307FC2D29E8FB89A4B1" box="[959,1078,1927,1950]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">E. murinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, there are well-supported subclades with divergences at or above the level of the structures within the Yellow Anaconda clade. For the Southern Green Anaconda clade, further geographic structure is evident: one subclade is restricted to the east, around the Xingu river basin (eastern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="07E44DF17574B307FB652985FA81AB2D" box="[1271,1342,2026,2050]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, in the states of Para,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="BD37C3837575B306FD892E9EFD0DA227" box="[539,690,240,264]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="BD37C3837575B306FD632E9EFC65A227" box="[753,986,240,264]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso do Sul" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Mato Grosso do Sul</collectingRegion>
|
||||
), and the other subclade extends from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="07E44DF17575B306FA0F2E9EFA6BA227" box="[1437,1492,241,264]" name="Peru" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="07E44DF17575B306FE7D2F7DFDFEA205" box="[495,577,274,298]" name="Bolivia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
to
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="07E44DF17575B306FDF42F7DFCAAA205" box="[614,789,274,298]" name="French Guiana" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, probably including the main channel of the Amazon River.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="2B8C5DE97575B306FE292F39FD90A2A2" ID-Table-UUID="2B8C5DE97575B306FE292F39FD90A2A2" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2B8C5DE97575B306FE292F39FD90A2A2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[443,503,342,363]" targetBox="[460,1468,431,1088]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="13" targetType="table">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7F4C0D617575B306FE292F39FD90A2A2" blockId="13.[443,1491,341,397]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737575B306FE292F39FDB1A245" bold="true" box="[443,526,341,363]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Table 6.</emphasis>
|
||||
Morphological comparison of the holotype and paratype of
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737575B306FB1F2F39FB42A245" box="[1165,1277,341,363]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27575B306FB1F2F39FB46A245" authorityName="Dirksen" authorityYear="2002" box="[1165,1273,341,363]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="akayima">E. akayima</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
and the lectotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27575B306FE292F17FD95A2A2" box="[443,554,376,397]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737575B306FE292F17FD95A2A2" box="[443,554,376,397]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">E. murinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7F4C0D617575B306FC9D2FDFFACDA710" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<table id="0DF3FFC175754CF4FE5E2FC0FA03A76F" box="[460,1468,431,1088]" gridcols="4" gridrows="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<tr id="C1C30F2375754CF4FE5E2FC0FA03A2D0" box="[460,1468,431,511]" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rowspan-0="1">
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75754CF4FC9D2FC0FC6FA2D0" box="[783,976,431,511]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737575B306FC9D2FDFFC25A2D0" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27575B306FC9D2FDFFC03A2CC" authority="(MCNG 1042)" baseAuthorityName="MCNG" baseAuthorityYear="1042" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="akayima">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737575B306FC9D2FDFFC6FA2EA" bold="true" box="[783,976,431,453]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Eunectes akayima</emphasis>
|
||||
(MCNG 1042)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Holotype
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737575B306FC332F8AFC15A2D9" bold="true" box="[929,938,485,502]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1</emphasis>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75754CF4FC662FC0FB61A2D0" box="[1012,1246,431,511]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737575B306FB952FDFFB30A2D0" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27575B306FB952FDFFB77A2EA" baseAuthorityName="MCNG" baseAuthorityYear="1042" box="[1031,1224,431,453]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="akayima">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737575B306FB952FDFFB77A2EA" bold="true" box="[1031,1224,431,453]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Eunectes akayima</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(RMNH.RENA.20768) Paratype
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737575B306FB072F8AFB21A2D9" bold="true" box="[1173,1182,485,502]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">2</emphasis>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75754CF4FA902FC0FA03A2D0" box="[1282,1468,431,511]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737575B306FA902FDFFA34A2D0" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27575B306FA902FDFFA03A2EA" box="[1282,1468,432,453]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737575B306FA902FDFFA03A2EA" bold="true" box="[1282,1468,432,453]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Eunectes murinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(MPEG 27428) Lectotype
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737575B306FA002F8AFA24A2D9" bold="true" box="[1426,1435,485,502]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3</emphasis>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="C1C30F2375754CF4FE5E2C7BFA03A105" box="[460,1468,532,554]" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75754CF4FE5E2C7BFD54A105" box="[460,747,532,554]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ventral</th>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75754CF4FC9D2C7BFC6FA105" box="[783,976,532,554]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">241</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75754CF4FC662C7BFB61A105" box="[1012,1246,532,554]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">252</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75754CF4FA902C7BFA03A105" box="[1282,1468,532,554]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">254</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="C1C30F2375754CF4FE5E2C51FA03A17B" box="[460,1468,574,596]" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75754CF4FE5E2C51FD54A17B" box="[460,747,574,596]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Subcaudal</th>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75754CF4FC9D2C51FC6FA17B" box="[783,976,574,596]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">53</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75754CF4FC662C51FB61A17B" box="[1012,1246,574,596]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">45</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75754CF4FA902C51FA03A17B" box="[1282,1468,574,596]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">66</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="C1C30F2375754CF4FE5E2C07FA03A151" box="[460,1468,616,638]" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75754CF4FE5E2C07FD54A151" box="[460,747,616,638]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Dorsal scales, anterior body</th>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75754CF4FC9D2C07FC6FA151" box="[783,976,616,638]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">50</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75754CF4FC662C07FB61A151" box="[1012,1246,616,638]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">45</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75754CF4FA902C07FA03A151" box="[1282,1468,616,638]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">50</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="C1C30F2375754CF4FE5E2CFDFA03A187" box="[460,1468,658,680]" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75754CF4FE5E2CFDFD54A187" box="[460,747,658,680]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Dorsal scales, mid-body</th>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75754CF4FC9D2CFDFC6FA187" box="[783,976,658,680]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">60</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75754CF4FC662CFDFB61A187" box="[1012,1246,658,680]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">61</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75754CF4FA902CFDFA03A187" box="[1282,1468,658,680]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">58</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="C1C30F2375754CF4FE5E2CD3FA03A1FD" box="[460,1468,700,722]" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75754CF4FE5E2CD3FD54A1FD" box="[460,747,700,722]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Dorsal, posterior</th>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75754CF4FC9D2CD3FC6FA1FD" box="[783,976,700,722]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">41</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75754CF4FC662CD3FB61A1FD" box="[1012,1246,700,722]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">38</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75754CF4FA902CD3FA03A1FD" box="[1282,1468,700,722]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">42</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="C1C30F2375754CF4FE5E2C89FA03A1D3" box="[460,1468,742,764]" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75754CF4FE5E2C89FD54A1D3" box="[460,747,742,764]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Dorsal spots</th>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75754CF4FC9D2C89FC6FA1D3" box="[783,976,742,764]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">94</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75754CF4FC662C89FB61A1D3" box="[1012,1246,742,764]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">96</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75754CF4FA902C89FA03A1D3" box="[1282,1468,742,764]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">94</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="C1C30F2375754CF4FE5E2D7FFA03A009" box="[460,1468,784,806]" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75754CF4FE5E2D7FFD54A009" box="[460,747,784,806]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Spots in contact</th>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75754CF4FC9D2D7FFC6FA009" box="[783,976,784,806]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">19</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75754CF4FC662D7FFB61A009" box="[1012,1246,784,806]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">17</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75754CF4FA902D7FFA03A009" box="[1282,1468,784,806]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">18</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="C1C30F2375754CF4FE5E2D55FA03A07F" box="[460,1468,826,848]" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75754CF4FE5E2D55FD54A07F" box="[460,747,826,848]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Supralabials</th>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75754CF4FC9D2D55FC6FA07F" box="[783,976,826,848]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">14/15</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75754CF4FC662D55FB61A07F" box="[1012,1246,826,848]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">16/16</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75754CF4FA902D55FA03A07F" box="[1282,1468,826,848]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">16/16</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="C1C30F2375754CF4FE5E2D0BFA03A0B7" box="[460,1468,868,920]" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75754CF4FE5E2D0BFD54A0B7" box="[460,747,868,920]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Infralabials</th>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75754CF4FC9D2D0BFC6FA0B7" box="[783,976,868,920]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">damaged</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75754CF4FC662D0BFB61A0B7" box="[1012,1246,868,920]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">22 left side, right side is damaged</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75754CF4FA902D0BFA03A0B7" box="[1282,1468,868,920]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">22/22</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="C1C30F2375754CF4FE5E2DC3FA03A0ED" box="[460,1468,940,962]" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75754CF4FE5E2DC3FD54A0ED" box="[460,747,940,962]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Infraoculars</th>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75754CF4FC9D2DC3FC6FA0ED" box="[783,976,940,962]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">damaged</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75754CF4FC662DC3FB61A0ED" box="[1012,1246,940,962]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">2</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75754CF4FA902DC3FA03A0ED" box="[1282,1468,940,962]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">2/2</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="C1C30F2375754CF4FE5E2DB9FA03A0C3" box="[460,1468,982,1004]" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75754CF4FE5E2DB9FD54A0C3" box="[460,747,982,1004]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">In contact with eye</th>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75754CF4FC9D2DB9FC6FA0C3" box="[783,976,982,1004]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">7/8</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75754CF4FC662DB9FB61A0C3" box="[1012,1246,982,1004]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">7</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75754CF4FA902DB9FA03A0C3" box="[1282,1468,982,1004]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">7/7</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="C1C30F2375754CF4FE5E2A6FFA03A739" box="[460,1468,1024,1046]" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75754CF4FE5E2A6FFD54A739" box="[460,747,1024,1046]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Suborbitalia</th>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75754CF4FC9D2A6FFC6FA739" box="[783,976,1024,1046]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">damaged</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75754CF4FC662A6FFB61A739" box="[1012,1246,1024,1046]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75754CF4FA902A6FFA03A739" box="[1282,1468,1024,1046]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">5/5</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="C1C30F2375754CF4FE5E2A45FA03A76F" box="[460,1468,1066,1088]" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<th id="8212665F75754CF4FE5E2A45FD54A76F" box="[460,747,1066,1088]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Supraocular</th>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75754CF4FC9D2A45FC6FA76F" box="[783,976,1066,1088]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1/1</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75754CF4FC662A45FB61A76F" box="[1012,1246,1066,1088]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1</td>
|
||||
<td id="8212665F75754CF4FA902A45FA03A76F" box="[1282,1468,1066,1088]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1/1</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7F4C0D617575B306FE292A23FBE9A752" blockId="13.[443,1492,1100,1149]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<tableNote id="82150CEF7575B306FE292A23FBE9A752" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" targetBox="[460,1468,431,1088]" targetPageId="13">
|
||||
<superScript id="8886A0297575B306FE292A23FE7CA775" attach="left" box="[443,451,1100,1114]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1</superScript>
|
||||
Holotype is in UNELLEZ Museo de Ciencias Naturales, Venezuela.
|
||||
<superScript id="8886A0297575B306FBD82A23FBEDA775" attach="right" box="[1098,1106,1100,1114]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">2</superScript>
|
||||
Paratype is in the Naturalis Biodiversity Center, the Netherlands.
|
||||
<superScript id="8886A0297575B306FD352A09FD10A75B" attach="right" box="[679,687,1126,1140]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3</superScript>
|
||||
Lectotype is in Museu Emilio Goeldi, Brazil.
|
||||
</tableNote>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7F4C0D617575B306FE2E2ACCFCA2A795" blockId="13.[444,797,1187,1211]" box="[444,797,1187,1211]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<heading id="2404BA0D7575B306FE2E2ACCFCA2A795" box="[444,797,1187,1211]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="2">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737575B306FE2E2ACCFCA2A795" box="[444,797,1187,1211]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3.2. Divergence Time Estimation</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7F4C0D617575B306FE662AA3FCB8A6E1" blockId="13.[443,1495,1228,1486]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
The results of our multiple molecular clock analyses showed that the analysis based on paleontological information alone yielded slightly more recent splits than the other setups. On the other hand, the approach excluding the possibility of dispersal across Cretaceous land bridges gave older divergence times. Despite these minor differences, the ranges obtained from the different analyses were found to overlap to a large extent (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E7C811E47575B306FE502B1CFD9FA6A3" box="[450,544,1395,1420]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[444,514,1151,1173]" captionTargetBox="[248,1340,240,1112]" captionTargetId="figure-342@12.[248,1452,232,1123]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Calibrated species tree depicting inferred lineage splits, assuming the scenario of one land bridge. Node bars on the tree represent the 95% highest posterior density (HPD95%) divergence interval of each node. Legend at the top shows the split of the E. akayima and E. murinus under the three other scenarios that we tested for." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10684311" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10684311/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<tableCitation id="327138DA7575B306FDBE2B1CFDC4A6A4" box="[556,635,1395,1419]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="12.[443,504,1315,1336]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Table 5. Calculated median ages for the split of the different lineages under different evolutionary scenarios. HPD95% confidence intervals are listed in parentheses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2B8C5DE97574B307FE292B4CFBCEA674" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" tableUuid="2B8C5DE97574B307FE292B4CFBCEA674">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||||
). Our estimate for the divergence of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27575B306FB8A2B1BFBC8A6A4" box="[1048,1143,1396,1419]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737575B306FB8A2B1BFBC8A6A4" box="[1048,1143,1396,1419]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Eunectes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from its sister lineage
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27575B306FAE02B1BFA6CA6A4" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1830" box="[1394,1491,1396,1419]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Epicrates" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737575B306FAE02B1BFA6CA6A4" box="[1394,1491,1396,1419]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Epicrates</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is approximately 46–35 Mya (95% HPD: 66.58–28.40 to 45.41–23.98; Paleocene/Eocene), depending on the approach.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
575
data/F7/5A/BC/F75ABC777577B31AFE2E2B61FBECA6F0.xml
Normal file
575
data/F7/5A/BC/F75ABC777577B31AFE2E2B61FBECA6F0.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,575 @@
|
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<mods:namePart id="A2DC3532DEAB4CD444C3267E90175040">Quintana, Paola De La</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="16F286527F39E1F5970BD2F8755360DD">Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, Ilhéus 45662 - 900, BA, Brazil; paola. d. c. 1186 @ gmail. com & Red de Investigadores en Herpetología-Bolivia, La Paz 10077, Bolivia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4005AB36A3820B18C93EF59DABC9B358">Rivas, Gilson A.</mods:namePart>
|
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<mods:affiliation id="0D939C865CC5AC43129197AA115745EC">Departamento de Biología, Facultad Experimental de Ciencias, la Universidad del Zulia,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="04ECFAE62EFE810180B4F7A0C7095B1E">Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático (BioCamb) e Ingeniería en Biodiversidad y Recursos Genéticos, Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Universidad Indoamérica,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0CE18A79A1A808ED4231B453010FC5F4">Baihua, Marcelo Tepeña</mods:namePart>
|
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<mods:affiliation id="66216F9593DB5CD3E9CC7132EAAB0612">Baihuaeri Waorani People of Bameno, Ome Yasuni, Bameno 220301, Ecuador;</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
|
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</mods:role>
|
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<mods:namePart id="36E5B4ACC3EFDF7062CFA694AE4599BD">Baihua, Penti</mods:namePart>
|
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<mods:affiliation id="8EF1FF4059D5F6AA12B0A4B1E93E5E68">Baihuaeri Waorani People of Bameno, Ome Yasuni, Bameno 220301, Ecuador;</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
|
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<mods:roleTerm id="2C715AA56FAB6D7BC715298BB0805467">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
|
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<mods:namePart id="EA3C34C9F5CA352A392FA2FF76707FC7">Burghardt, Gordon M.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="544A94C22DCF360E4F605893B73CCC86">Departments of Psychology and Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee,</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
|
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</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="2ACF7CCFAA22327F63364ADE0E14A97C">Vonk, Freek J.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="35CCE6EB2AE12587A4A1A56F0B4AEB8E">Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands; freek @ studiofreek. nl & Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
|
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</mods:name>
|
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<mods:name id="E9D3B3F69A222916843FC55B3D0E6E14" type="personal">
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|
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</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="BC30452E9689BB948D8D8AFF2F8C41D8">Hernandez, Emil</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="BBDCDBF0EF6627C3575A2FCD07FBC4BE">Laboratório de Zoologia Adriano Giorgi, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, Campus Universitário de Altamira, Universidade Federal do Pará, Altamira 68371 - 155, PA, Brazil; emilhjh @ yahoo. com</mods:affiliation>
|
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</mods:name>
|
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<mods:name id="AE2C3C3D25B1D2BB74825CF5049FB0D5" type="personal">
|
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<mods:role id="18BFDBC465768F2F6F52896E21411EF1">
|
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<mods:roleTerm id="401F71F83D884A58C7E0D062E9EE17D6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="7997E841CD8B1B70E0E7147751251A49">García-Pérez, Juán Elías</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="8428BAC1FC51D89FBEF950DB22BA79D7">Museo de Zoología, Programa CAM, Universidad Nacional Experimental de Los Llanos Occidentales Ezequiel Zamora, UNELLEZ, Guanare 3350, Portuguesa, Venezuela; ecologia 2 unellez @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="5999B37424669FC7D92085A14C6B4169" type="personal">
|
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<mods:role id="46EF8ACDCCD364D03C652219A14BDBEB">
|
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<mods:roleTerm id="01BF8232F46F626C4DC5AD2F717C0491">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
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</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="DE2C7DE12E523D6E8890B0F54BE9677B">Fry, Bryan G.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="3F837D244E32C624B1409BE283F5EAD7">Adaptive Biotoxicology Laboratory, School of the Environment, University of Queensland,</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="DBC990E9ABCC866617325F7DA14ACFB1" type="email">rivas@nmhu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
|
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<mods:name id="70AE9A20149CB63AA9EA116AB441B910" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="16AE2A625B7BC432D8ADB917A5912F1C">
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<mods:roleTerm id="755DDAE115FE5A016DB7C17DFC376365">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
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</mods:role>
|
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<mods:namePart id="BA2E4E947F96A8E1D8473BBB40CBD285">Corey-Rivas, Sarah</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="591CDE0FAAD6D4B7A3463C7619B5DEAE">Biology Department, New Mexico Highlands University, 1005 Diamond Av., Las Vegas, NM 87701, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="4D1B9CA4215E88242851234377EEA5F9" type="email">rivas@nmhu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C42BFF94D35416EAE9588890B047266C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="85E5854E0CB1064765A7B8B35ACC0C88">
|
||||
<mods:title id="DDDACD7B68275E181839402736028F42">Diversity</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part id="C9509514573780E6FC240DCEB624A7BD">
|
||||
<mods:date id="115EDA10D9D4FDD0639D296D3FBA31C1">2024</mods:date>
|
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<mods:detail id="C4C8F10A262200FF0F976FD1ADDE75BA" type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number id="03512C0C807032E3E001D49466883721">2024-02-16</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="F5D6B74A3232E621ECA84B3193EC85F2" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="AF721FDF6B2E36CB051FB323AD1B367F">16</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="3A29A1E96810A8CE40422006CC5B4229" type="issue">
|
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<mods:number id="1FE1ECA19210E6C5F6443BF9EDE75AC2">127</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="95A84AEA04CCD486ABABB12889CA0B0A">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="30EFCC89DBF225D871C24FDE3924DD62">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="A5F2C15028B922BC412CDC232674D1F4" type="CLB-Dataset">288822</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="49D2C203055DE83DFF4F976CA884C898" type="DOI">10.3390/d16020127</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C0C487AFB02600A837DECD8DC9EE3C02" type="GBIF-Dataset">7677c6a4-17f1-42ab-bdfd-13cbb886545b</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EADECAEF44E1BD75A37E945AC9D0CA53" type="ISSN">1424-2818</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="25241518C7AD2E293587E4A724C60D62" type="Zenodo-Dep">10684301</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1E296E24024006024CCE5C8F02F0765B" type="ZooBank">A58A262E-2E07-48D3-B712-209CCDFFD038</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="F75ABC777577B31AFE2E2B61FBECA6F0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10684218" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10684218" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F75ABC777577B31AFE2E2B61FBECA6F0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F75ABC777577B31AFE2E2B61FBECA6F0" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<subSubSection id="37E95EEA7577B304FE2E2B61FCE0A609" box="[444,863,1294,1318]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="7F4C0D617577B304FE2E2B61FCE0A609" blockId="15.[444,863,1294,1318]" box="[444,863,1294,1318]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<heading id="2404BA0D7577B304FE2E2B61FCE0A609" box="[444,863,1294,1318]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="2">
|
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<emphasis id="4D87D1737577B304FE2E2B61FCE0A609" box="[444,863,1294,1318]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
4.2. A New Species of Green
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27577B304FD612B61FCE0A609" authority="Rivas & Quintana & Mancuso & Pacheco & Rivas & Mariotto & Salazar-Valenzuela & Baihua & Baihua & Burghardt & Vonk & Hernandez & García-Pérez & Fry & Corey-Rivas, 2024" authorityName="Rivas & Quintana & Mancuso & Pacheco & Rivas & Mariotto & Salazar-Valenzuela & Baihua & Baihua & Burghardt & Vonk & Hernandez & García-Pérez & Fry & Corey-Rivas" authorityYear="2024" box="[755,863,1294,1318]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Anaconda" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">Anaconda</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="37E95EEA7577B31BFE662B57FD95A6F0" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7F4C0D617577B304FE662B57FB37A4A7" blockId="15.[443,1496,1336,2063]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
Our data show that two distinct lineages within the former
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27577B304FB422B56FAF0A67F" box="[1232,1359,1337,1360]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737577B304FB422B56FAF0A67F" box="[1232,1359,1337,1360]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E. murinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
form well-supported deep clades, allowing the separation of two species based on their genetic divergence, time divergence, and branchlength in both the Bayesian analysis and Maximum Likelihood trees:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27577B304FD1A2BF2FD42A69B" authority="Rivas & Quintana & Mancuso & Pacheco & Rivas & Mariotto & Salazar-Valenzuela & Baihua & Baihua & Burghardt & Vonk & Hernandez & García-Pérez & Fry & Corey-Rivas, 2024" authorityName="Rivas & Quintana & Mancuso & Pacheco & Rivas & Mariotto & Salazar-Valenzuela & Baihua & Baihua & Burghardt & Vonk & Hernandez & García-Pérez & Fry & Corey-Rivas" authorityYear="2024" box="[648,765,1436,1460]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="akayima" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737577B304FD1A2BF2FD42A69B" box="[648,765,1436,1460]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E. akayima</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="56B46C087577B304FC962BF2FCE0A69B" box="[772,863,1437,1460]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27577B304FC082BF2FBABA69B" box="[922,1044,1437,1460]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737577B304FC082BF2FBABA69B" box="[922,1044,1437,1460]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E. murinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Although we are aware that our data come only from mitochondrial DNA, the divergence of these clades is substantial. Male and female anacondas have comparable dispersal patterns, showing strong philopatry in both sexes [
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1B6270907577B304FDD9286EFDD9A536" author="Rivas, J. A." box="[587,614,1537,1561]" journalOrPublisher="Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref16135" refString="22. Rivas, J. A. Anaconda: The Secret Life of the Wolrd's Largest Snake; Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK, 2020." title="Anaconda: The Secret Life of the Wolrd's Largest Snake" type="book" year="2020">22</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]; therefore, it is unlikely that the structure found in mDNA is the result of differential dispersal of males and females within the same species. We believe that the lack of support from nuclear genes for the separation of these clades is due to the low rate of variation at these loci, rather than a lack of separation between taxa. We also examined TATA-binding protein (
|
||||
<collectionCode id="19E295A47577B304FCD328E8FCCCA5B0" box="[833,883,1671,1695]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">TBP</collectionCode>
|
||||
) and intron data, which also failed to distinguish the northern and southern clades. It separates
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27577B304FC2F28C6FB85A5EF" box="[957,1082,1705,1728]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737577B304FC2F28C6FB85A5EF" box="[957,1082,1705,1728]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E. murinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27577B304FB1028C6FB4BA5EF" box="[1154,1268,1705,1728]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="notaeus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737577B304FB1028C6FB4BA5EF" box="[1154,1268,1705,1728]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E. notaeus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with an extremely short branch length and a difference of one pair of bases. If two clades that separated at 24 Mya (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="327138DA7577B304FDB72884FDC3A42C" box="[549,636,1771,1795]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="12.[443,504,1315,1336]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Table 5. Calculated median ages for the split of the different lineages under different evolutionary scenarios. HPD95% confidence intervals are listed in parentheses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2B8C5DE97574B307FE292B4CFBCEA674" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" tableUuid="2B8C5DE97574B307FE292B4CFBCEA674">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E7C811E47577B304FD182884FD51A42C" box="[650,750,1771,1795]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[444,514,1151,1173]" captionTargetBox="[248,1340,240,1112]" captionTargetId="figure-342@12.[248,1452,232,1123]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Calibrated species tree depicting inferred lineage splits, assuming the scenario of one land bridge. Node bars on the tree represent the 95% highest posterior density (HPD95%) divergence interval of each node. Legend at the top shows the split of the E. akayima and E. murinus under the three other scenarios that we tested for." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10684311" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10684311/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
) show such a small difference (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E7C811E47577B304FBFE2884FB5EA42C" box="[1132,1249,1771,1795]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[444,516,1657,1679]" captionTargetBox="[185,1403,242,1619]" captionTargetId="figure-173@9.[164,1403,231,1622]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Bayesian consensus phylogram for Eunectes species (50% majority-rule consensus tree) using the mtDNA gene sequence dataset (ND2, ND4, Cytb). Bayesian posterior probability node support values> 0.95 are indicated with black circles and distal values are not shown. Refer to Table S1 for details on tip labels." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10684305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10684305/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figure S2</figureCitation>
|
||||
), it stands to reason that this marker would not be able to detect a split that occurred at 10 Mya. Thus, the lack of nuclear support is more likely to be related to inappropriate markers than to a lack of difference. The mitochondrial support for the separation of these two clades is superior to that found in other vertebrates in the recent literature [
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1B6270907577B304FBAF291EFBE7A4A6" author="Shankar, P. G. & Swamy, P. & Williams, R. C. & Ganesh, S. R. & Moss, M. & Hoglund, J. & Das, I. & Sahoo, G. & Vijayakumar, S. P. & Shanker, K." box="[1085,1112,1905,1929]" journalOrPublisher="Mol. Phylogenet. Evol." pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="107300" part="165" refId="ref20029" refString="95. Shankar, P. G.; Swamy, P.; Williams, R. C.; Ganesh, S. R.; Moss, M.; Hoglund, J.; Das, I.; Sahoo, G.; Vijayakumar, S. P.; Shanker, K.; et al. King or Royal Family? Testing for Species Boundaries in the King Cobra, Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836), Using Morphology and Multilocus DNA Analyses. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2021, 165, 107300. [CrossRef]" title="King or Royal Family? Testing for Species Boundaries in the King Cobra, Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836), Using Morphology and Multilocus DNA Analyses" type="journal article" year="2021">95</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1B6270907577B304FBCC291EFBC6A4A6" author="Brandt, A. L. & Ishida, Y. & Georgiadis, N. J. & Roca, A. L." box="[1118,1145,1905,1929]" journalOrPublisher="Mol. Ecol." pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1175 - 1189" part="21" refId="ref20136" refString="96. Brandt, A. L.; Ishida, Y.; Georgiadis, N. J.; Roca, A. L. Forest Elephant Mitochondrial Genomes Reveal That Elephantid Diversification in Africa Tracked Climate Transitions. Mol. Ecol. 2012, 21, 1175 - 1189. [CrossRef]" title="Forest Elephant Mitochondrial Genomes Reveal That Elephantid Diversification in Africa Tracked Climate Transitions" type="journal article" year="2012">96</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
].
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7F4C0D617577B31BFE6629FCFB23A13C" blockId="15.[443,1496,1336,2063]" lastBlockId="16.[442,1496,240,2038]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
In addition to the strong mitochondrial DNA support, there is a well-established pattern of the presence of sister species with northern and southern distributions on the continent. These include lizards of the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27577B304FC5A29BAFBFBA4C2" authorityName="Daudin" authorityYear="1802" box="[968,1092,2005,2029]" class="Squamata" family="Teiidae" genus="Tupinambis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737577B304FC5A29BAFBFBA4C2" box="[968,1092,2005,2029]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tupinambis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27577B304FB1E29B9FB47A4C2" authorityName="Murphy, Jowers, Lehtinen, Charles, Colli, Peres Jr, Hendry & Pyron" authorityYear="2016" box="[1164,1272,2006,2029]" class="Squamata" family="Teiidae" genus="Tupinambis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737577B304FB1E29B9FB47A4C2" box="[1164,1272,2006,2029]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">T. cryptus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
occupying a distribution similar to the northern species and other species in the south [
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1B6270907577B304FB672998FAAFAB20" author="Murphy, J. C. & Jowers, M. J. & Lehtinen, R. M. & Charles, S. P. & Colli, G. R. & Peres, A. K. & Hendry, C. R. & Pyron, R. A." box="[1269,1296,2039,2063]" journalOrPublisher="PLoS ONE" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="0158542" part="11" refId="ref20192" refString="97. Murphy, J. C.; Jowers, M. J.; Lehtinen, R. M.; Charles, S. P.; Colli, G. R.; Peres, A. K.; Hendry, C. R.; Pyron, R. A. Cryptic, Sympatric Diversity in Tegu Lizards of the Tupinambis teguixin Group (Squamata, Sauria, Teiidae) and the Description of Three New Species. PLoS ONE 2016, 11, e 0158542. [CrossRef]" title="Cryptic, Sympatric Diversity in Tegu Lizards of the Tupinambis teguixin Group (Squamata, Sauria, Teiidae) and the Description of Three New Species" type="journal article" year="2016">97</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
];
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27577B304FAB42997FA31AB20" box="[1318,1422,2040,2063]" class="Squamata" family="Teiidae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737577B304FAB42997FA31AB20" box="[1318,1422,2040,2063]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Dracaena</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27568B31BFE292E9EFDEEA227" authorityName="Daudin" authorityYear="1801" box="[443,593,241,264]" class="Squamata" family="Teiidae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737568B31BFE292E9EFDEEA227" box="[443,593,241,264]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D. guianensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the north and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27568B31BFC8F2E9EFC65A227" authorityName="Amaral" authorityYear="1950" box="[797,986,241,264]" class="Squamata" family="Teiidae" genus="Dracaena" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraguayensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737568B31BFC8F2E9EFC65A227" box="[797,986,241,264]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D. paraguayensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the south [
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1B6270907568B31BFBE92E9FFB29A227" author="Avila, I. & Bauer, F. & Boungermini, E. & Martinez, N." box="[1147,1174,240,264]" journalOrPublisher="Kempffiana" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="122 - 130" part="12" refId="ref20288" refString="98. Avila, I.; Bauer, F.; Boungermini, E.; Martinez, N. Dracaena paraguayensis: Aportes Sobre El Conocimiento De Su Biologia, Ecologia y distribucion. Kempffiana 2016, 12, 122 - 130." title="Dracaena paraguayensis: Aportes Sobre El Conocimiento De Su Biologia, Ecologia y distribucion" type="journal article" year="2016">98</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1B6270907568B31BFB0F2E9FFB07A227" author="Verh" box="[1181,1208,240,264]" journalOrPublisher="Zool." pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 706" part="599" refId="ref20333" refString="99. Avila-pires, T. C. S. Lizards of Brazilian Amazonia (Reptilia: Squamata). Zool. Verh. 1995, 599, 1 - 706." title="Avila-pires, T. C. S. Lizards of Brazilian Amazonia (Reptilia: Squamata)" type="journal article" year="1995">99</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]; matamata turtles with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27568B31BFE292F7DFDC0A206" authorityName="Vargas-Ramirez, Caballero, Morales-Betancourt, Lasso, Amaya, Martinez, Silva-Viana, Vogt, Pires-Farias, Hrbek, Campbell & Fritz" authorityYear="2020" box="[443,639,274,298]" class="Testudines" family="Chelidae" genus="Chelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurodira" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orinocensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737568B31BFE292F7DFDC0A206" box="[443,639,274,298]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Chelus orinocensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the north and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27568B31BFCD62F7DFC7EA205" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1783" box="[836,961,274,298]" class="Testudines" family="Chelidae" genus="Chelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurodira" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fimbriata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737568B31BFCD62F7DFC7EA205" box="[836,961,274,298]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C. fimbriata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the south [
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1B6270907568B31BFBCC2F7DFB39A205" author="Vargas-Ramirez, M. & Caballero, S. & Morales-Betancourt, M. A. & Lasso, C. A. & Amaya, L. & Martinez, J. G. & das Neves Silva Viana, M. & Vogt, R. C. & Farias, I. P. & Hrbek, T." box="[1118,1158,274,298]" journalOrPublisher="Mol. Phylogenet. Evol." pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="106823" part="148" refId="ref20365" refString="100. Vargas-Ramirez, M.; Caballero, S.; Morales-Betancourt, M. A.; Lasso, C. A.; Amaya, L.; Martinez, J. G.; das Neves Silva Viana, M.; Vogt, R. C.; Farias, I. P.; Hrbek, T.; et al. Genomic Analyses Reveal Two Species of the Matamata (Testudines: Chelidae: Chelus spp.) and Clarify Their Phylogeography. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2020, 148, 106823. [CrossRef] [PubMed]" title="Genomic Analyses Reveal Two Species of the Matamata (Testudines: Chelidae: Chelus spp.) and Clarify Their Phylogeography" type="journal article" year="2020">100</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]; Red-headed Amazon River turtles (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27568B31BFD842F5CFC8BA264" authorityName="Spix" authorityYear="1824" box="[534,820,307,331]" class="Testudines" family="Podocnemididae" genus="Podocnemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurodira" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erythrocephala">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737568B31BFD842F5CFC8BA264" box="[534,820,307,331]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Podocnemis erythrocephala</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) [
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1B6270907568B31BFCDE2F5CFCCBA264" author="Michels, J. & Vargas-Ramirez, M." box="[844,884,307,331]" journalOrPublisher="Zoology" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="67 - 78" part="130" refId="ref20473" refString="101. Michels, J.; Vargas-Ramirez, M. Red-Headed Amazon River Turtles in Venezuela and Colombia: Population Separation and Connection along the Famous Route of Alexander von Humboldt. Zoology 2018, 130, 67 - 78. [CrossRef] [PubMed]" title="Red-Headed Amazon River Turtles in Venezuela and Colombia: Population Separation and Connection along the Famous Route of Alexander von Humboldt" type="journal article" year="2018">101</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]; the arboreal boas
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27568B31BFBC52F5CFB0EA264" authorityName="Daudin" authorityYear="1803" box="[1111,1201,307,331]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Corallus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737568B31BFBC52F5CFB0EA264" box="[1111,1201,307,331]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Corallus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27568B31BFB662F5CFA09A264" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[1268,1462,307,331]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Corallus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruschenbergerii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737568B31BFB662F5CFA09A264" box="[1268,1462,307,331]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C. ruschenbergerii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the north and others to the south [
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1B6270907568B31BFCC62F3AFCC3A242" author="Vidal, N. & Henderson, R. W. & Delmas, A. - S. S. & Hedges, S. B." box="[852,892,341,365]" journalOrPublisher="J. Herpetol." pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="500 - 503" part="39" refId="ref20521" refString="102. Vidal, N.; Henderson, R. W.; Delmas, A. - S. S.; Hedges, S. B. A Phylogenetic Study of the Emerald Treeboa (Corallus caninus). J. Herpetol. 2005, 39, 500 - 503. [CrossRef]" title="A Phylogenetic Study of the Emerald Treeboa (Corallus caninus)" type="journal article" year="2005">102</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1B6270907568B31BFC112F3AFC14A242" author="Colston, T. J. & Grazziotin, F. G. & Shepard, D. B. & Vitt, L. J. & Colli, G. R. & Henderson, R. W. & Hedges, B. & Zaher, H. & Burbrink, F. T." box="[899,939,341,365]" journalOrPublisher="Mol. Phylogenet. Evol." pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="953 - 959" part="66" refId="ref20578" refString="103. Colston, T. J.; Grazziotin, F. G.; Shepard, D. B.; Vitt, L. J.; Colli, G. R.; Henderson, R. W.; Hedges, B.; Zaher, H.; Burbrink, F. T. Molecular Systematics and Historical Biogeography of Tree Boas (Corallus spp.). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2013, 66, 953 - 959. [CrossRef] [PubMed]" title="Molecular Systematics and Historical Biogeography of Tree Boas (Corallus spp.)" type="journal article" year="2013">103</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]; boas of the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27568B31BFB0B2F3AFB41A243" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1830" box="[1177,1278,341,364]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Epicrates" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737568B31BFB0B2F3AFB41A243" box="[1177,1278,341,364]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Epicrates</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27568B31BFAD12F3AFA0AA243" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1849" box="[1347,1461,341,364]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Epicrates" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maurus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737568B31BFAD12F3AFA0AA243" box="[1347,1461,341,364]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">E. maurus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the north and the other lineages in the south [
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1B6270907568B31BFC442F19FC41A2A1" author="Passos, P. & Fernandes, R." box="[982,1022,374,398]" journalOrPublisher="Herpetol. Monogr." pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 30" part="22" refId="ref20672" refString="104. Passos, P.; Fernandes, R. Revision of the Epicrates cenchria Complex (Serpentes: Boidae). Herpetol. Monogr. 2008, 22, 1 - 30. [CrossRef]" title="Revision of the Epicrates cenchria Complex (Serpentes: Boidae)" type="journal article" year="2008">104</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]. While there may not be a clear barrier separating the northern clades from the southern species today, these patterns likely speak to paleogeographic events that produced this split at the continental scale in a variety of taxa (see below). Thus, the separation of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27568B31BFC082FB4FBAFA2DD" authority="Rivas & Quintana & Mancuso & Pacheco & Rivas & Mariotto & Salazar-Valenzuela & Baihua & Baihua & Burghardt & Vonk & Hernandez & García-Pérez & Fry & Corey-Rivas, 2024" authorityName="Rivas & Quintana & Mancuso & Pacheco & Rivas & Mariotto & Salazar-Valenzuela & Baihua & Baihua & Burghardt & Vonk & Hernandez & García-Pérez & Fry & Corey-Rivas" authorityYear="2024" box="[922,1040,474,498]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="akayima" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737568B31BFC082FB4FBAFA2DD" box="[922,1040,474,498]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">E. akayima</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="56B46C087568B31BFB852FB4FBCDA2DD" box="[1047,1138,475,498]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27568B31BFB2B2FB4FA8CA2DD" box="[1209,1331,475,498]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737568B31BFB2B2FB4FA8CA2DD" box="[1209,1331,475,498]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">E. murinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is not unique and is likely part of this continent-wide biogeographic pattern.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7F4C0D617568B31BFE662C72FD95A6F0" blockId="16.[442,1496,240,2038]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
The first challenge in describing this new species of Green Anaconda is to determine which is the new species. In his 1758
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737568B31BFCE52C50FB8CA178" box="[887,1075,575,599]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Systema Naturae</emphasis>
|
||||
, Linnaeus gave only “America” as the place of origin [
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1B6270907568B31BFD352C0FFD7DA157" author="von Linnaeus, C." box="[679,706,608,632]" journalOrPublisher="Impensis Direct: Holmiae, Sweden" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref19824" refString="91. von Linnaeus, C. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis; Salvii, L., Ed.; Impensis Direct: Holmiae, Sweden, 1758; Volume 1." title="Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis; Salvii, L., Ed" type="book" year="1758">91</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]. The Adolphi Friderici Museum has a specimen labelled
|
||||
<collectionCode id="19E295A47568B31BFA122C0FFA7AA157" box="[1408,1477,608,632]" collectionName="NRM" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4m0z-xq14" name="Swedish Museum of Natural History - Zoological Collections" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">NRM</collectionCode>
|
||||
9, identified as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27568B31BFDC62CECFD6DA1B5" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[596,722,643,666]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Boa" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murina">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737568B31BFDC62CECFD6DA1B5" box="[596,722,643,666]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Boa murina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which could be the specimen described by Linnaeus. The record of this specimen is unclear and there is no provenance for it, but it appears to be a specimen in Linnaeus’ collection and its scale number matches that of #
|
||||
<quantity id="B80BA0847568B31BFB3B2CAAFB4EA1F2" box="[1193,1265,709,733]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.102599999999999" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="in" value="319.0">319 in</quantity>
|
||||
Linnaeus’
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737568B31BFAEA2CAAFDAAA1D1" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Systema Naturae</emphasis>
|
||||
. Attempts to obtain tissue samples from this specimen were unsuccessful, which is to be expected given the low probability of obtaining usable DNA from such an old, formalin-fixed specimen. It is likely that the specimen described by Linnaeus was from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="07E44DF17568B31BFE2E2D24FD8FA04C" box="[444,560,843,867]" name="Suriname" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Suriname</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, as much of the trade to Europe came from this area (E. Åhlander pers. comm.). However, our data show that
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="07E44DF17568B31BFC862D03FC00A0AB" box="[788,959,876,900]" name="French Guiana" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||||
is probably a contact zone where both species can be found, and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="07E44DF17568B31BFD082DE1FCB2A089" box="[666,781,910,934]" name="Suriname" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Suriname</collectingCountry>
|
||||
may also be a contact zone. Therefore, even if we knew for sure that specimen #
|
||||
<quantity id="B80BA0847568B31BFD262DC0FD43A0E8" box="[692,764,943,967]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.102599999999999" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="in" value="319.0">319 in</quantity>
|
||||
Linnaeus’ collection was from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="07E44DF17568B31BFBE72DC0FB54A0E8" box="[1141,1259,943,967]" name="Suriname" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Suriname</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, we would still not know which species it was, because both species are truly cryptic, and there is no way to tell from morphological data which species the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="A048B3C37568B31BFC602D9CFB98A724" box="[1010,1063,1011,1035]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
belongs to, as far as anyone can tell. When Linnaeus described the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27568B31BFCB22A7BFC20A704" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[800,927,1044,1067]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Boa" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murina">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737568B31BFCB22A7BFC20A704" box="[800,927,1044,1067]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Boa murina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, he provided reference to other specimens from Seba [
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1B6270907568B31BFD912A5AFD94A762" author="Seba, A." box="[515,555,1077,1101]" editor="Amsterdam, The Netherlands" journalOrPublisher="Amstelaedami" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="9788527729833" refId="ref20710" refString="105. Seba, A. Locupletissimi Rerum Naturalium Thesauri Accurata Descriptio, et Iconibus Artificiosissimis Expressio, per Universam Physices Historiam: Opus, Cui, in Hoc Rerum Genere, Nullum Par Exstitit. Tomus II; Wetstenium, J., Smith, G., Waesberg, J., Eds.; Amstelaedami: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1735; ISBN 9788527729833." type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Locupletissimi Rerum Naturalium Thesauri Accurata Descriptio, et Iconibus Artificiosissimis Expressio, per Universam Physices Historiam: Opus, Cui, in Hoc Rerum Genere, Nullum Par Exstitit. Tomus II; Wetstenium, J., Smith, G., Waesberg, J" year="1735">105</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
] and Gronovious [
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1B6270907568B31BFC992A5AFC99A762" author="The Netherlands" box="[779,806,1077,1101]" journalOrPublisher="Lugduni-Batavorum: Leiden" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" part="3" refId="ref19876" refString="92. Gronovius, L. T. Museum Ichthyologicum, Sistens Piscium Indigenorum & Quorumdam Exoticorum; Haak, T., Ed.; Lugduni-Batavorum: Leiden, The Netherlands, 1756; Volume 3. [CrossRef]" title="Gronovius, L. T. Museum Ichthyologicum, Sistens Piscium Indigenorum & Quorumdam Exoticorum; Haak, T., Ed" type="journal volume" year="1756">92</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
], who in turn cited
|
||||
<specimenCount id="69F5C6E87568B31BFB822A5AFB7EA762" box="[1040,1217,1077,1101]" count="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||||
by Seba and added his description of a third specimen. The plate
|
||||
<specimenCount id="69F5C6E87568B31BFC382A38FB85A741" box="[938,1082,1110,1135]" count="29" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="generic">29 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||||
cited by Linnaeus has no source in Seba’s catalogue. Gronovius refers to this specimen in one of his entries, entry 44, and also to specimen 1 from plate 23 of Seba’s catalogue. This snake, whose drawing resembles that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27568B31BFE482AD3FD32A7FC" baseAuthorityName="Dunn and Conant" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[474,653,1211,1235]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deschauenseei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737568B31BFE482AD3FD32A7FC" box="[474,653,1211,1235]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">E. deschauenseei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, has a source, Guianensis, which probably refers to present-day
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="07E44DF17568B31BFA112AD4FDAAA7DB" name="French Guiana" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. As there is no scale number on either of Seba’s specimens, it is uncertain whether Linnaeus ever examined the specimens himself, or whether he simply based his inclusion of these specimens on the drawings in Seba’s catalogue. Seba’s second collection was sold at auction after his death [
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1B6270907568B31BFD752B2EFCB0A676" author="Bauer, A. M. & Wahlgren, R. On the" box="[743,783,1345,1369]" journalOrPublisher="Bonn Zool. Bull." pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="220 - 252" part="62" refId="ref20779" refString="106. Bauer, A. M.; Wahlgren, R. On the Linck Collection and Specimens of Snakes Figured by Johann Jakob Scheuchzer (1735) - The Oldest Fluid-Preserved Herpetological Collection in the World? Bonn Zool. Bull. 2013, 62, 220 - 252." title="Linck Collection and Specimens of Snakes Figured by Johann Jakob Scheuchzer (1735) - The Oldest Fluid-Preserved Herpetological Collection in the World?" type="journal article" year="2013">106</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
] and is probably lost. Gronovious also provides a description of a specimen of his own and alludes to specimen Ain plate 606 of
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737568B31BFB532B0DFAECA655" box="[1217,1363,1378,1402]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Physica Sacra</emphasis>
|
||||
[
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1B6270907568B31BFAF02B0DFA35A655" author="Germany" box="[1378,1418,1378,1402]" journalOrPublisher="Christian Ulrich Wagner: Augsburg and Ulm" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="2013206534" part="4" refId="ref20831" refString="107. Scheuchzer, J. J. Physica Sacra; Wagner, C. U., Ed.; Christian Ulrich Wagner: Augsburg and Ulm, Germany, 1735; Volume 4, ISBN 2013206534." title="Scheuchzer, J. J. Physica Sacra; Wagner, C. U., Ed" type="journal article" year="1735">107</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]. This specimen is doubtlessly an anaconda that was in the collection of Johann Heinrich Linck, Leipzig. However, there is no
|
||||
<typeStatus id="A048B3C37568B31BFC8C2BC9FCEDA691" box="[798,850,1446,1470]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
specimen of anacondas in this collection today (Bauer, per com).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="37E95EEA7568B31AFE662B87FB23A2A1" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7F4C0D617568B31AFE662B87FB23A2A1" blockId="16.[442,1496,240,2038]" lastBlockId="17.[444,1497,234,399]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
Since the provenance of specimen
|
||||
<collectionCode id="19E295A47568B31BFC0B2B87FC63A52F" box="[921,988,1512,1536]" collectionName="NRM" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4m0z-xq14" name="Swedish Museum of Natural History - Zoological Collections" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">NRM</collectionCode>
|
||||
9 is unknown, and given that both Green Anaconda species are truly cryptic, there is no way to determine which clade the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="A048B3C37568B31BFAF92865FA6CA50D" box="[1387,1491,1546,1570]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
belong to other than genotyping, which is not possible with such an old specimen. We propose to name
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27568B31BFD1A2822FCBBA54B" box="[648,772,1613,1636]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737568B31BFD1A2822FCBBA54B" box="[648,772,1613,1636]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">E. murinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as the southern species because of its larger distribution and for historical reasons. We believe that naming the new species as the one with the smallest distribution will contribute to the stability of the nomenclature code, as it will result in less geographical change. In addition, although
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27568B31BFC5228DDFB89A5E6" authority="Rivas & Quintana & Mancuso & Pacheco & Rivas & Mariotto & Salazar-Valenzuela & Baihua & Baihua & Burghardt & Vonk & Hernandez & García-Pérez & Fry & Corey-Rivas, 2024" authorityName="Rivas & Quintana & Mancuso & Pacheco & Rivas & Mariotto & Salazar-Valenzuela & Baihua & Baihua & Burghardt & Vonk & Hernandez & García-Pérez & Fry & Corey-Rivas" authorityYear="2024" box="[960,1078,1713,1737]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="akayima" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737568B31BFC5228DDFB89A5E6" box="[960,1078,1713,1737]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">E. akayima</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="56B46C087568B31BFBAF28DEFB26A5E7" box="[1085,1177,1713,1736]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
is found in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="07E44DF17568B31BFAB428DEFA6CA5E6" box="[1318,1491,1713,1737]" name="French Guiana" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="07E44DF17568B31BFE6228BDFDD9A5C5" box="[496,614,1746,1770]" name="Suriname" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Suriname</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, it is a species of the Orinoco Basin, which was not explored by European naturalists until later. The
|
||||
<typeStatus id="A048B3C37568B31BFD67289BFCDDA423" box="[757,866,1780,1804]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27568B31BFC03289AFBB2A423" box="[913,1037,1781,1804]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737568B31BFC03289AFBB2A423" box="[913,1037,1781,1804]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">E. murinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a specimen from the Xingu River in
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="BD37C3837568B31BFE2E2979FE4BA402" box="[444,500,1814,1837]" country="Suriname" name="Para" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Para</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="07E44DF17568B31BFE6C297AFDF9A402" box="[510,582,1813,1837]" name="Brazil" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, labelled
|
||||
<collectionCode id="19E295A47568B31BFD272979FCBCA401" box="[693,771,1814,1838]" collectionName="Brazil, Para, Belem, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">MPEG</collectionCode>
|
||||
<quantity id="B80BA0847568B31BFC982979FCCEA402" box="[778,881,1813,1838]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.966711999999999" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="in" value="27.428">27,428 in</quantity>
|
||||
the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. It was found in Altamira, State of Para,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="07E44DF17568B31BFD5E2958FCB0A460" box="[716,783,1847,1871]" name="Brazil" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="1AC76BA67568B31BFC8D2958FC35A460" box="[799,906,1841,1871]" degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="9" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="16" value="-3.1544445">
|
||||
3
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737568B31BFCBE295EFC88A46B" bold="true" box="[812,823,1841,1860]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<superScript id="8886A0297568B31BFCBE295EFC88A46B" attach="none" box="[812,823,1841,1860]" fontSize="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">◦</superScript>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
9
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737568B31BFCD4295EFCF3A46B" bold="true" box="[838,844,1841,1860]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<superScript id="8886A0297568B31BFCD4295EFCF3A46B" attach="none" box="[838,844,1841,1860]" fontSize="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">′</superScript>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
16
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737568B31BFCF5295EFCCCA46B" bold="true" box="[871,883,1841,1860]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<superScript id="8886A0297568B31BFCF5295EFCCCA46B" attach="left" box="[871,883,1841,1860]" fontSize="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">′′</superScript>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
S
|
||||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="1AC76BA67568B31BFC042958FB97A460" box="[918,1064,1841,1871]" degrees="52" direction="west" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="11" value="-52.23639">
|
||||
52
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737568B31BFC22295EFC04A46B" bold="true" box="[944,955,1841,1860]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<superScript id="8886A0297568B31BFC22295EFC04A46B" attach="none" box="[944,955,1841,1860]" fontSize="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">◦</superScript>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
14
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737568B31BFC45295EFC62A46B" bold="true" box="[983,989,1841,1860]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<superScript id="8886A0297568B31BFC45295EFC62A46B" attach="none" box="[983,989,1841,1860]" fontSize="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">′</superScript>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
11
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737568B31BFC6A295EFBBBA46B" bold="true" box="[1016,1028,1841,1860]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<superScript id="8886A0297568B31BFC6A295EFBBBA46B" attach="left" box="[1016,1028,1841,1860]" fontSize="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">′′</superScript>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
W
|
||||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
) in
|
||||
<date id="0B4D2BA17568B31BFBC12958FB55A460" box="[1107,1258,1847,1871]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2011-10">October 2011</date>
|
||||
by Emil Hernández. Since most of the distribution of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27568B31BFCA52936FC0EA45F" box="[823,945,1881,1904]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737568B31BFCA52936FC0EA45F" box="[823,945,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">E. murinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="07E44DF17568B31BFC7D2937FB89A45F" box="[1007,1078,1880,1904]" name="Brazil" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, we consider it appropriate that the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="A048B3C37568B31BFE2E2915FD98A4BD" box="[444,551,1914,1938]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
is in that country, even though the original specimen may have been collected in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="07E44DF17568B31BFE2E29F4FD8DA49C" box="[444,562,1947,1971]" name="Suriname" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Suriname</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. We also designate specimen
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="CF9B073C7568B31AFC0329F4FDE3A227" collectingDate="1993-03" collectionCode="MCNG" collectorName="Jesus Rivas" country="Venezuela" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" latitude="7.4167776" location="Hato El Cedral" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="-69.33083" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="MCNG 1042" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Apure Estate" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||||
<specimenCode id="2F55A51A7568B31BFC0329F4FB99A49C" box="[913,1062,1947,1971]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">MCNG 1042</specimenCode>
|
||||
from UNELLEZ Museo de Ciencias Naturales, Venezuela, as the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="A048B3C37568B31BFC9C29D2FCC8A4FA" box="[782,887,1981,2005]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27568B31BFC3429D1FBA3A4FA" authority="Rivas & Quintana & Mancuso & Pacheco & Rivas & Mariotto & Salazar-Valenzuela & Baihua & Baihua & Burghardt & Vonk & Hernandez & García-Pérez & Fry & Corey-Rivas, 2024" authorityName="Rivas & Quintana & Mancuso & Pacheco & Rivas & Mariotto & Salazar-Valenzuela & Baihua & Baihua & Burghardt & Vonk & Hernandez & García-Pérez & Fry & Corey-Rivas" authorityYear="2024" box="[934,1052,1981,2005]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="akayima" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737568B31BFC3429D1FBA3A4FA" box="[934,1052,1981,2005]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">E. akayima</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="56B46C087568B31BFBB129D2FBC1A4FB" box="[1059,1150,1981,2004]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
This
|
||||
<specimenCount id="69F5C6E87568B31BFB5229D2FA90A4FA" box="[1216,1327,1981,2005]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="generic">specimen</specimenCount>
|
||||
was collected by
|
||||
<collectorName id="D20668B77568B31BFE7029B0FDD5A4D9" box="[482,618,2014,2038]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Jesús Rivas</collectorName>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<date id="0B4D2BA17568B31BFD0129B1FCA1A4D9" box="[659,798,2014,2038]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1993-03">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="1B09D2497568B31BFD0129B1FCA1A4D9" box="[659,798,2014,2038]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1993-03">March 1993</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
at
|
||||
<location id="7A2C5BBA7568B31BFCD429B0FC41A4D9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F75ABC777577B31AFE2E2B61FBECA6F0:7A2C5BBA7568B31BFCD429B0FC41A4D9" box="[838,1022,2014,2038]" country="Venezuela" latitude="7.4167776" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="-69.33083" name="Hato El Cedral" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Apure Estate">Hato El Cedral</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="BD37C3837568B31BFB9929B1FB13A4D9" box="[1035,1196,2014,2038]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Apure Estate</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="07E44DF17568B31BFB2A29B1FA8CA4D9" box="[1208,1331,2014,2038]" name="Venezuela" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="1AC76BA67568B31BFAD629B1FA6EA4D9" box="[1348,1489,2008,2038]" degrees="7" direction="north" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="1" seconds="0.4" value="7.4167776">
|
||||
7
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737568B31BFAC029B7FAE2A4C4" bold="true" box="[1362,1373,2008,2027]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<superScript id="8886A0297568B31BFAC029B7FAE2A4C4" attach="none" box="[1362,1373,2008,2027]" fontSize="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">◦</superScript>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
25
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737568B31BFAE829B7FA3FA4C4" bold="true" box="[1402,1408,2008,2027]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<superScript id="8886A0297568B31BFAE829B7FA3FA4C4" attach="none" box="[1402,1408,2008,2027]" fontSize="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">′</superScript>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
0.4
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737568B31BFA3129B7FA10A4C4" bold="true" box="[1443,1455,2008,2027]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<superScript id="8886A0297568B31BFA3129B7FA10A4C4" attach="left" box="[1443,1455,2008,2027]" fontSize="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">′′</superScript>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
N
|
||||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="1AC76BA67569B31AFE2E2E9FFDEBA227" box="[444,596,234,264]" degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="15" seconds="51" value="-69.33083">
|
||||
69
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737569B31AFE452E85FE5DA3D2" bold="true" box="[471,482,234,253]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
<superScript id="8886A0297569B31AFE452E85FE5DA3D2" attach="none" box="[471,482,234,253]" fontSize="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">◦</superScript>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
19
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737569B31AFE6C2E85FDBBA3D2" bold="true" box="[510,516,234,253]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
<superScript id="8886A0297569B31AFE6C2E85FDBBA3D2" attach="none" box="[510,516,234,253]" fontSize="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">′</superScript>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
51
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737569B31AFDB32E85FD92A3D2" bold="true" box="[545,557,234,253]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
<superScript id="8886A0297569B31AFDB32E85FD92A3D2" attach="left" box="[545,557,234,253]" fontSize="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">′′</superScript>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
W
|
||||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
. The diagnostic features of this species, which are morphologically cryptic, required DNA sequencing. We also designate a
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="CF9B073C7569B31AFC7E2F7DFA1EA264" collectionCode="RMNH" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCode="RMNH.RENA.20768" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="A048B3C37569B31AFC7E2F7DFBEAA205" box="[1004,1109,274,298]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27569B31AFB172F7DFB44A205" authority="Rivas & Quintana & Mancuso & Pacheco & Rivas & Mariotto & Salazar-Valenzuela & Baihua & Baihua & Burghardt & Vonk & Hernandez & García-Pérez & Fry & Corey-Rivas, 2024" authorityName="Rivas & Quintana & Mancuso & Pacheco & Rivas & Mariotto & Salazar-Valenzuela & Baihua & Baihua & Burghardt & Vonk & Hernandez & García-Pérez & Fry & Corey-Rivas" authorityYear="2024" box="[1157,1275,274,298]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="akayima" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737569B31AFB172F7DFB44A205" box="[1157,1275,274,298]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">E. akayima</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="56B46C087569B31AFA932F7DFAE2A206" box="[1281,1373,274,297]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
specimen
|
||||
<specimenCode id="2F55A51A7569B31AFE2E2F5CFD14A264" box="[444,683,307,331]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">RMNH.RENA.20768</specimenCode>
|
||||
deposited in the Naturalis Biodiversity Center in the Netherlands
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="CF9B073C7569B31AFE2E2F3AFA6AA243" box="[444,1493,340,365]" collectionCode="MBUCV" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCode="MBUCV 7189" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<specimenCode id="2F55A51A7569B31AFE2E2F3AFDE1A242" box="[444,606,341,365]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MBUCV 7189</specimenCode>
|
||||
located at the Museo the Biología de la Universidad Central de Venezuela
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
. Information for other type specimens can be found in
|
||||
<tableCitation id="327138DA7569B31AFBA72F19FB27A2A1" box="[1077,1176,374,398]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="11.[443,504,239,260]" captionTargetId="graphics-72@11.[444,1492,423,545]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Table 3. Mean pairwise genetic distances between and within known and candidate species of the Eunectes species complex. E. notaeus 1 refers to samples Eno6, Eno8, RGRnot1, and AM236347. E. notaeus 2 refers to samples Eno4, Eno7, and ENU69810. Individual gene pairwise distant matrix is presented in Table S2." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2B8C5DE97573B300FE292E80FD1EA244" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" tableUuid="2B8C5DE97573B300FE292E80FD1EA244">Table S3</tableCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="37E95EEA7569B31AFE2E2FDDFA3CA761" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7F4C0D617569B31AFE2E2FDDFD82A2E5" blockId="17.[444,573,434,458]" box="[444,573,434,458]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Etymology</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7F4C0D617569B31AFE662FB3FA3CA761" blockId="17.[440,1496,475,1504]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
We propose the common name, Northern Green Anaconda, for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27569B31AFB7E2FB3FA10A2DC" authority="Rivas & Quintana & Mancuso & Pacheco & Rivas & Mariotto & Salazar-Valenzuela & Baihua & Baihua & Burghardt & Vonk & Hernandez & García-Pérez & Fry & Corey-Rivas, 2024" authorityName="Rivas & Quintana & Mancuso & Pacheco & Rivas & Mariotto & Salazar-Valenzuela & Baihua & Baihua & Burghardt & Vonk & Hernandez & García-Pérez & Fry & Corey-Rivas" authorityYear="2024" box="[1260,1455,475,499]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="akayima" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737569B31AFB7E2FB3FA10A2DC" box="[1260,1455,475,499]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Eunectes akayima</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="56B46C087569B31AFA242FB3FE51A13B" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
Before the arrival of the Spaniards, northern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="07E44DF17569B31AFBB32F92FB23A13A" box="[1057,1180,509,533]" name="Venezuela" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||||
was occupied by various Indigenous nations, among which the Caribs were an important group. Several Carib nations remain including the Kariña, Panare, Yekuana, Pemones, and Akawaio. The word for anaconda in various Cariban languages is a variant of a
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737569B31AFB222C0EFA10A156" box="[1200,1455,609,633]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">kayima/okoyimo/okoimo</emphasis>
|
||||
, in which a
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737569B31AFD8A2CECFDFAA1B4" box="[536,581,643,667]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">kayi</emphasis>
|
||||
/
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737569B31AFDC72CECFD31A1B4" box="[597,654,643,667]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">okoyi</emphasis>
|
||||
/
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737569B31AFD0D2CECFD75A1B4" box="[671,714,643,667]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">okoi</emphasis>
|
||||
means “snake” and the suffix
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737569B31AFBA62CECFB21A1B5" box="[1076,1182,643,666]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">-ima/-imo</emphasis>
|
||||
means “large”. The suffix -ima/-imo does not necessarily mean ‘large’ in a physical sense. Rather, it is used to denote the kind of largeness that indicates a different category of being. The literal translation of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27569B31AFE2E2C88FDACA1D0" authorityName="Rivas & Quintana & Mancuso & Pacheco & Rivas & Mariotto & Salazar-Valenzuela & Baihua & Baihua & Burghardt & Vonk & Hernandez & García-Pérez & Fry & Corey-Rivas" authorityYear="2024" box="[444,531,743,767]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="akayima">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737569B31AFE2E2C88FDACA1D0" box="[444,531,743,767]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">akayima</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is “The Great Snake” (S. Gildea pers. Communication [52]). The species name
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27569B31AFA0D2C88FE5CA00F" authorityName="Rivas & Quintana & Mancuso & Pacheco & Rivas & Mariotto & Salazar-Valenzuela & Baihua & Baihua & Burghardt & Vonk & Hernandez & García-Pérez & Fry & Corey-Rivas" authorityYear="2024" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="akayima">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737569B31AFA0D2C88FE5CA00F" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">akayima</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is pronounced as follows: ekeyime in standard dictionary pronunciation font; ŭkŭyēmŭ using the phonics; and uh-kuh-yee-muh using the Plotkin method for English-like writing to capture Cariban language pronunciations [
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1B6270907569B31AFC542D23FC51A04B" author="Plotkin, M. J." box="[966,1006,844,868]" journalOrPublisher="Penguin: New York, NY, USA" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref20870" refString="108. Plotkin, M. J. Tales of a Shaman's Apprentice: An Ethnobotanist Searches for New Medicines in the Rain Forest; Penguin: New York, NY, USA, 1994." title="Tales of a Shaman's Apprentice: An Ethnobotanist Searches for New Medicines in the Rain Forest" type="book" year="1994">108</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]. The word
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27569B31AFBE92D24FB6DA04C" authorityName="Rivas & Quintana & Mancuso & Pacheco & Rivas & Mariotto & Salazar-Valenzuela & Baihua & Baihua & Burghardt & Vonk & Hernandez & García-Pérez & Fry & Corey-Rivas" authorityYear="2024" box="[1147,1234,843,867]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="akayima">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737569B31AFBE92D24FB6DA04C" box="[1147,1234,843,867]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">akayima</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is also used to refer to the rainbow, probably associated with a feathered serpent in their belief system that came out after rains to dry its feathers [
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1B6270907569B31AFCC12DE0FCC4A088" author="Gumilla, J. El" box="[851,891,911,935]" journalOrPublisher="Editorial Arte: Madrid / Caracas, Spain" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref20906" refString="109. Gumilla, J. El Orinoco Ilustrado y Defendido; Editorial Arte: Madrid / Caracas, Spain, 1740." title="Orinoco Ilustrado y Defendido" type="book" year="1740">109</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]. We, therefore, acknowledge the culture of these Indigenous people who share their territories with this species by adopting their word for anaconda as the specific epithet for this new species. We propose the common name for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27569B31AFE772D9BFDDFA724" box="[485,608,1012,1035]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737569B31AFE772D9BFDDFA724" box="[485,608,1012,1035]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">E. murinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as Southern Green Anaconda, to promote taxonomic stability for the most widely distributed species and avoid confusion.
|
||||
<tableCitation id="327138DA7569B31AFC6C2A7BFBEFA703" box="[1022,1104,1044,1068]" captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="13.[443,503,342,363]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Table 6. Morphological comparison of the holotype and paratype of E. akayima, and the lectotype of E. murinus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2B8C5DE97575B306FE292F39FD90A2A2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" tableUuid="2B8C5DE97575B306FE292F39FD90A2A2">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||||
provides a comparison between the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27569B31AFE752A58FDE1A761" authority="Rivas & Quintana & Mancuso & Pacheco & Rivas & Mariotto & Salazar-Valenzuela & Baihua & Baihua & Burghardt & Vonk & Hernandez & García-Pérez & Fry & Corey-Rivas, 2024" authorityName="Rivas & Quintana & Mancuso & Pacheco & Rivas & Mariotto & Salazar-Valenzuela & Baihua & Baihua & Burghardt & Vonk & Hernandez & García-Pérez & Fry & Corey-Rivas" authorityYear="2024" box="[487,606,1078,1102]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="akayima" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737569B31AFE752A58FDE1A761" box="[487,606,1078,1102]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">E. akayima</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="56B46C087569B31AFDF62A59FD00A762" box="[612,703,1078,1101]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
<typeStatus id="A048B3C37569B31AFD552A59FC8DA761" box="[711,818,1078,1102]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
, one of its
|
||||
<typeStatus id="A048B3C37569B31AFC3C2A59FB9AA761" box="[942,1061,1078,1102]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
, and the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27569B31AFB1D2A58FAB6A762" box="[1167,1289,1078,1102]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737569B31AFB1D2A58FAB6A762" box="[1167,1289,1078,1102]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">E. murinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<typeStatus id="A048B3C37569B31AFA822A59FAC0A761" box="[1296,1407,1078,1102]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="37E95EEA7569B31AFE662A38FBECA6F0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7F4C0D617569B31AFE662A38FBECA6F0" blockId="17.[440,1496,475,1504]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
Previous work had identified other candidate species and subspecies of the anaconda in the Orinoco basin with somewhat similar distribution to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27569B31AFBF12A16FB69A7BE" authorityName="Rivas & Quintana & Mancuso & Pacheco & Rivas & Mariotto & Salazar-Valenzuela & Baihua & Baihua & Burghardt & Vonk & Hernandez & García-Pérez & Fry & Corey-Rivas" authorityYear="2024" box="[1123,1238,1145,1169]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="akayima">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737569B31AFBF12A16FB69A7BE" box="[1123,1238,1145,1169]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">E. akayima</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1B6270907569B31AFB772A16FAB2A7BE" author="Dunn, E. R. & Conant, R." box="[1253,1293,1145,1169]" journalOrPublisher="Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila." pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="503 - 506" part="88" refId="ref20929" refString="110. Dunn, E. R.; Conant, R. Notes on Anacondas, with Descriptions of Two New Species. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1936, 88, 503 - 506." title="Notes on Anacondas, with Descriptions of Two New Species" type="journal article" year="1936">110</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]. However, all of these differences have been found to be inconsistent [
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1B6270907569B31AFBB62AF5FB80A79D" author="Dirksen, L." box="[1060,1087,1178,1202]" journalOrPublisher="Natur und Tier - Verlag: Munster, Germany" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref16226" refString="24. Dirksen, L. Anakondas: Monographische Revision der Gattung Eunectes Wagler, 1830 (Serpentes, Boidae); Natur und Tier - Verlag: Munster, Germany, 2002." title="Anakondas: Monographische Revision der Gattung Eunectes Wagler, 1830 (Serpentes, Boidae)" type="book" year="2022">24</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1B6270907569B31AFBD42AF5FBDEA79D" author="Dirksen, L. & Henderson, R. W." box="[1094,1121,1178,1202]" journalOrPublisher="Cat. Am. Amphib. Reptiles" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 3" part="755" refId="ref16411" refString="27. Dirksen, L.; Henderson, R. W. Eunectes deschauenseei Dunn and Conant de Schauensee's Anacondaz. Cat. Am. Amphib. Reptiles 2002, 755, 1 - 3." title="Eunectes deschauenseei Dunn and Conant de Schauensee's Anacondaz" type="journal article" year="2002">27</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1B6270907569B31AFBF52AF5FB30A79D" author="Dirksen, L. & Bohme, W." box="[1127,1167,1178,1202]" journalOrPublisher="Salamandra" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="359 - 374" part="34" refId="ref20971" refString="111. Dirksen, L.; Bohme, W. Studien an Anakondas. II: Zurn Taxonomischen Status von Eunectes murinus gigas (Latreille, 1801) (Serpentes: Boidae), Mit Neuen Ergebnis-Sen Zur Gattung Eunectes Wagler, 1830. Salamandra 1998, 34, 359 - 374." title="Studien an Anakondas. II: Zurn Taxonomischen Status von Eunectes murinus gigas (Latreille, 1801) (Serpentes: Boidae), Mit Neuen Ergebnis-Sen Zur Gattung Eunectes Wagler" type="journal article" year="1998">111</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]; therefore, these synonyms are all invalid. In addition, the word
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27569B31AFCCD2AD3FC7CA7FB" authorityName="Rivas & Quintana & Mancuso & Pacheco & Rivas & Mariotto & Salazar-Valenzuela & Baihua & Baihua & Burghardt & Vonk & Hernandez & García-Pérez & Fry & Corey-Rivas" authorityYear="2024" box="[863,963,1212,1236]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="akayima">
|
||||
“
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737569B31AFCFE2AD3FC7CA7FB" box="[876,963,1212,1236]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">akayima</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
” has been indigenously used to designate this species for at least hundreds (and perhaps even thousands) of years before the use of any of the other synonyms. It was certainly in use in 1758 when the Code started counting names asvalid; so,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27569B31AFDC62B4FFD11A617" authorityName="Rivas & Quintana & Mancuso & Pacheco & Rivas & Mariotto & Salazar-Valenzuela & Baihua & Baihua & Burghardt & Vonk & Hernandez & García-Pérez & Fry & Corey-Rivas" authorityYear="2024" box="[596,686,1312,1336]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="akayima">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737569B31AFDC62B4FFD11A617" box="[596,686,1312,1336]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">akayima</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
isclearlytheseniorsynonym. Thisis, admittedly, anunorthodox position regarding the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature [
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1B6270907569B31AFB652B2DFAA0A675" author="London, UK" box="[1271,1311,1346,1370]" journalOrPublisher="International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref21025" refString="112. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 4 th ed.; International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature: London, UK, 1999." title="International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 4 th ed" type="book" year="1999">112</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
], which prefers the names that have been published in Western science as “valid”. However, it is well due time that Western science starts recognizing the ancestral knowledge and cultural legacy of non-Westernized society. If we respect and honor the culture of these original nations, accepting
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B8F376E27569B31AFDA12BA8FD33A6F0" authorityName="Rivas & Quintana & Mancuso & Pacheco & Rivas & Mariotto & Salazar-Valenzuela & Baihua & Baihua & Burghardt & Vonk & Hernandez & García-Pérez & Fry & Corey-Rivas" authorityYear="2024" box="[563,652,1479,1503]" class="Squamata" family="Boidae" genus="Eunectes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="akayima">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D87D1737569B31AFDA12BA8FD33A6F0" box="[563,652,1479,1503]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">akayima</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as the senior synonym is unavoidable.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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