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<document id="2187F66E1246E3C4AE6D0127F10BD156" ID-CLB-Dataset="3608" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5067.2.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="59e0113f-90f0-4cc7-a332-7a8c7269435b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5677973" ID-ZooBank="FE8F2CB8-72EC-4A12-95AF-260F3C2941AB" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1636527369303" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Xu, Yifan, Zheng, Bingyu, Fang, Hui, Shih, Chungkun, Ren, Dong &amp; Wang, Yongjie" docDate="2021" docId="F70987CA151DFFB5A5B9321FFC88FE73" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5067.2.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5067 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Fuscopolystoechotes Xu, Zheng, Shih &amp; Wang 2021, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="504F861B-6DE0-4C99-B962-0E12E3C83164" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="260" masterDocId="0B30FFB2151CFFB7A52E3725FF88FFDE" masterDocTitle="New fossil giant lacewings from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of China (Neuroptera, Ithonidae)" masterLastPageNumber="266" masterPageNumber="259" pageNumber="260" updateTime="1699468132269" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="8E1F5DA16DA6B3AEF5A9492AC90B0B03">
<mods:title id="49B27D14298B725DFBADF7DF754ADE77">New fossil giant lacewings from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of China (Neuroptera, Ithonidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D9F0A7A7111C28698F86F4A4434D57D2" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="DBA1122ADE2522A39C9C3B4E6F73F6FD">Xu, Yifan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F09716568D3563A474D63CD0EB74D101">Zheng, Bingyu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="79F69BE0C0E46357F884E71B772302C0" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="C3D16E3E00CC8FCEE06DD351916D5294">Fang, Hui</mods:namePart>
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<mods:role id="DD2C69DD102D5F33875F006634D0EBDF">
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<mods:namePart id="58C97206E5A3CD0F32E4BA899189AA71">Shih, Chungkun</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4B832E523180EE47BCC3DAAA4CA614D5">Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013 - 7012, USA Corresponding author. wangyongjie @ cnu. edu. cn</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AFB46F4750B8CB921045D97DB505F33A">Ren, Dong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7542CA9979DDB2BDD737413F567BC556">Wang, Yongjie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A0593C049FDA2BF01320BDC2A203A6E9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="911AFDAD379CA2C40534F89733491A46">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1742EA58FA57B88AC460EA24AF7C3B44">2021-11-10</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="FDABD8DBB33DFEC2B900017F58833F51" type="volume">
<mods:number id="2997CB9984E2D31D16FD84C5D823DE2B">5067</mods:number>
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<treatment id="F70987CA151DFFB5A5B9321FFC88FE73" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5698937" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190302570" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5698937" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:504F861B-6DE0-4C99-B962-0E12E3C83164" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F70987CA151DFFB5A5B9321FFC88FE73" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="260" pageId="1" pageNumber="260">
<subSubSection id="37BA6557151DFFB6A5B9321FFC30FAA7" pageId="1" pageNumber="260" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="7F1F36DC151DFFB6A5B9321FFC2FFA8B" blockId="1.[151,952,1338,1401]" box="[151,935,1338,1365]" pageId="1" pageNumber="260">
<heading id="245781B0151DFFB6A5B9321FFC2FFA8B" bold="true" box="[151,935,1338,1365]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="260" reason="1">
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151DFFB6A5B9321FFC2FFA8B" bold="true" box="[151,935,1338,1365]" pageId="1" pageNumber="260">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="B8A04D5F151DFFB6A5C0321FFCA4FA8B" authority="Xu, Zheng, Shih &amp; Wang" authorityName="Xu, Zheng, Shih &amp; Wang" authorityYear="2021" box="[238,812,1338,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Ithonidae" genus="Fuscopolystoechotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151DFFB6A5C0321FFE6FFA8B" bold="true" box="[238,487,1338,1365]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="260">Fuscopolystoechotes</emphasis>
Xu, Zheng, Shih &amp; Wang
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="56E757B5151DFFB6A617321EFC2FFA8B" box="[825,935,1339,1365]" pageId="1" pageNumber="260" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F1F36DC151DFFB6A5B9327BFC30FAA7" blockId="1.[151,952,1338,1401]" box="[151,952,1374,1401]" pageId="1" pageNumber="260">
<uri id="0B313ADE151DFFB6A5B9327BFC30FAA7" box="[151,952,1374,1401]" pageId="1" pageNumber="260">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="0B060C09151DFFB6A485327BFC30FAA7" box="[427,952,1374,1401]" pageId="1" pageNumber="260">504F861B-6DE0-4C99-B962-0E12E3C83164</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37BA6557151DFFB6A5B93282FB15FA1F" box="[151,1181,1446,1473]" pageId="1" pageNumber="260" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="7F1F36DC151DFFB6A5B93282FB15FA1F" blockId="1.[151,1437,1446,2013]" box="[151,1181,1446,1473]" pageId="1" pageNumber="260">
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151DFFB6A5B93282FE2BFA1E" bold="true" box="[151,419,1446,1473]" pageId="1" pageNumber="260">
<typeStatus id="A01B887E151DFFB6A5B93282FF5AFA1F" box="[151,210,1447,1473]" pageId="1" pageNumber="260">Type</typeStatus>
and only species:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B8A04D5F151DFFB6A4843282FBB0FA1F" authority="Xu, Zheng, Shih &amp; Wang" authorityName="Xu, Zheng, Shih &amp; Wang" authorityYear="2021" box="[426,1080,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Ithonidae" genus="Fuscopolystoechotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reticulatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151DFFB6A4843282FC99FA1F" box="[426,785,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="260">Fuscopolystoechotes reticulatus</emphasis>
Xu, Zheng, Shih &amp; Wang
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151DFFB6A16D3282FB15FA1F" bold="true" box="[1091,1181,1447,1473]" pageId="1" pageNumber="260">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="56E757B5151DFFB6A16D3282FB15FA1F" box="[1091,1181,1447,1473]" pageId="1" pageNumber="260" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37BA6557151DFFB6A5E932EFFD9FF8F7" pageId="1" pageNumber="260" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="7F1F36DC151DFFB6A5E932EFFD9FF8F7" blockId="1.[151,1437,1446,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="260">
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151DFFB6A5E932EFFECAFA3A" bold="true" box="[199,322,1482,1508]" pageId="1" pageNumber="260">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Forewing elongated, slightly broad with length-width ratio about 3; membrane fuscous, with the distinct transparent patches along the anterior and posterior margins; costal space narrow at base and then expanded to the max in proximal 1/5 of forewing, and subsequently narrowed gradually, with a distinctly shrinking region in distal half; humeral veinlet recurrent; presence of ScA; costal crossveins mostly biforked distally; absence of scp-ra crossvein; RP with more than 10 branches, RP1 deeply branched at the proximal half; crossveins in radial sector irregularly arranged except for the outer gradate series; M forked near the separated point of RP1 from RP; MA and MP bearing the similarly distal pectinate branches; Cu forked before the separated point of RP; CuA distinctly longer than CuP, forming the pectinate branches in distal; CuP with 3–4 pectinate branches, and each forming the secondary sub-branches; A1 dichotomously branched distally, A2 forked close to the base, A3 single branch, with several distal minor sub-branches.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37BA6557151DFFB6A5E93017FE98F84B" pageId="1" pageNumber="260" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="7F1F36DC151DFFB6A5E93017FE98F84B" blockId="1.[151,1437,1446,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="260">
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151DFFB6A5E93017FEC1F893" bold="true" box="[199,329,1842,1869]" pageId="1" pageNumber="260">
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151DFFB6A5E93017FECAF893" bold="true" box="[199,322,1842,1869]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="260">Etymology</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
The new generic name is a combination of the Latin prefix
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151DFFB6A12B3016FBB3F893" box="[1029,1083,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="260">fusc-</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151DFFB6A1583016FA93F893" box="[1142,1307,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="260">polystoechotes</emphasis>
(the representative genus of the
<taxonomicName id="B8A04D5F151DFFB6A4B93072FDB7F8AF" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1839" box="[407,575,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Ithonidae" genus="Polystoechotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151DFFB6A4B93072FDB7F8AF" box="[407,575,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="260">Polystoechotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus-group), referring to dark brown markings of forewing. The gender is masculine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37BA6557151DFFB5A5E930BAFC88FE73" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="261" pageId="1" pageNumber="260" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="7F1F36DC151DFFB5A5E930BAFC88FE73" blockId="1.[151,1437,1446,2013]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,429]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="261" pageId="1" pageNumber="260">
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151DFFB6A5E930BAFEB3F867" bold="true" box="[199,315,1951,1977]" pageId="1" pageNumber="260">Remarks.</emphasis>
The new genus is clearly assigned to the
<taxonomicName id="B8A04D5F151DFFB6A63130BAFC4FF867" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1839" box="[799,967,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Ithonidae" genus="Polystoechotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151DFFB6A63130BAFC4FF867" box="[799,967,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="260">Polystoechotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus-group of
<taxonomicName id="B8A04D5F151DFFB6A1AB30BAFB67F867" authorityName="Newman, 1853 sensu Winterton &amp; Makarkin" authorityYear="2010" box="[1157,1263,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Ithonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ithonidae</taxonomicName>
for the combination of following characters: 1) forewing distinctly elongated (
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151DFFB6A6A630E6FC14F803" box="[904,924,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="260">cf</emphasis>
. relatively broad in
<taxonomicName id="B8A04D5F151DFFB6A1A230E6FB5CF803" box="[1164,1236,1987,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Ithonidae" genus="Ithone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151DFFB6A1A230E6FB5CF803" box="[1164,1236,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="260">Ithone</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus-group); 2) absence of interlinked veinlets in between costal crossveins (
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151EFFB5A67A37B2FCE0FF6F" box="[852,872,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="261">cf</emphasis>
. commonly present in
<taxonomicName id="B8A04D5F151EFFB5A15D37B2FB5DFF6E" authorityName="McLachlan" authorityYear="1866" box="[1139,1237,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Ithonidae" genus="Rapisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151EFFB5A15D37B2FB5DFF6E" box="[1139,1237,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="261">Rapisma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus-group and
<taxonomicName id="B8A04D5F151EFFB5A5B9379EFE9FFF0B" authorityName="Makarkin &amp; Menon" authorityYear="2007" box="[151,279,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Ithonidae" genus="Principiala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151EFFB5A5B9379EFE9FFF0B" box="[151,279,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="261">Principiala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus-group); 3) Sc and RA fused distally (
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151EFFB5A62C379EFC9EFF0B" box="[770,790,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="261">cf</emphasis>
. generally separated in
<taxonomicName id="B8A04D5F151EFFB5A10E379EFBE0FF0B" box="[1056,1128,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Ithonidae" genus="Ithone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151EFFB5A10E379EFBE0FF0B" box="[1056,1128,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="261">Ithone</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus-groups and
<taxonomicName id="B8A04D5F151EFFB5A014379EFA14FF0A" authorityName="McLachlan" authorityYear="1866" box="[1338,1436,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Ithonidae" genus="Rapisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151EFFB5A014379EFA14FF0A" box="[1338,1436,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="261">Rapisma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus-groups); 4) crossveins in radial sector regularly arranged or relatively sparse (
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151EFFB5A17137FAFBFBFF27" box="[1119,1139,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="261">cf</emphasis>
. abundant and commonly irregularly arranged in other groups). The new genus is characterized by its special markings of forewing that is distinctly different from other genera of
<taxonomicName id="B8A04D5F151EFFB5A76E3602FD60FE9F" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1839" box="[576,744,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Ithonidae" genus="Polystoechotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151EFFB5A76E3602FD60FE9F" box="[576,744,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="261">Polystoechotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus-group except for
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151EFFB5A6D03602FB76FE9F" box="[1022,1278,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="261">
<taxonomicName id="B8A04D5F151EFFB5A6D03602FB73FE9F" authorityName="Fang et al" authorityYear="2020" box="[1022,1275,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Ithonidae" genus="Lichenipolystoechotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lichenipolystoechotes</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
However, the forewing markings in the new genus are distinctly broader and more regular comparing to
<taxonomicName id="B8A04D5F151EFFB5A1B2366EFA1DFEBB" authorityName="Fang et al" authorityYear="2020" box="[1180,1429,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Ithonidae" genus="Lichenipolystoechotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151EFFB5A1B2366EFA1DFEBB" box="[1180,1429,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="261">Lichenipolystoechotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In addition, their venation are also quite different, e.g., the branched costal crossveins, and the more complicated configuration of CuP, to justify setting up a new genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="DBA2AB173E8EA3AF24EF0D64EFB1C591">New fossil giant lacewings from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of China (Neuroptera, Ithonidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="13ECCE059CB32F271E14095B2FA9D07C">Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013 - 7012, USA Corresponding author. wangyongjie @ cnu. edu. cn</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="B8A04D5F151EFFB5A5B936DBFCD5FDC7" authority="Xu, Zheng, Shih &amp; Wang" authorityName="Xu, Zheng, Shih &amp; Wang" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,861,510,537]" class="Insecta" family="Ithonidae" genus="Fuscopolystoechotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reticulatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151EFFB5A5B936DBFD91FDC7" bold="true" box="[151,537,510,537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="261">Fuscopolystoechotes reticulatus</emphasis>
Xu, Zheng, Shih &amp; Wang
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,
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(
<figureCitation id="E79B2A59151EFFB5A58E3562FF68FDBF" box="[160,224,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1926,1950]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,630,1900]" captionTargetId="figure-161@2.[151,1436,630,1900]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Fuscopolystoechotes reticulatus Xu, Zheng, Shih &amp; Wang, gen. et sp. nov. (A–D). (A) Holotype of F. reticulatus, CNU−NEU−NN2016005. (B) Overlay drawing of holotype of F. reticulatus, with forewing pattern. (C) Photos of paratype of F. reticulatus, CNU−NEU−NN2016008P (D), Photos of paratype of F. reticulatus. Scale bars: 5 mm in A–D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5677977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5677977/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="261">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
)
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<caption id="2BDF6654151EFFB5A5B930A3FB45F839" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5677977" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5677977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5677977/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="261" startId="2.[151,250,1926,1950]" targetBox="[151,1436,630,1900]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="7F1F36DC151EFFB5A5B930A3FB45F839" blockId="2.[151,1437,1926,2023]" pageId="2" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151EFFB5A5B930A3FE9BF840" bold="true" box="[151,275,1926,1950]" pageId="2" pageNumber="261">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B8A04D5F151EFFB5A43430A3FCE3F841" authority="Xu, Zheng, Shih &amp; Wang" authorityName="Xu, Zheng, Shih &amp; Wang" authorityYear="2021" box="[282,875,1926,1951]" class="Insecta" family="Ithonidae" genus="Fuscopolystoechotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reticulatus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151EFFB5A43430A3FDD6F840" box="[282,606,1926,1950]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="261">Fuscopolystoechotes reticulatus</emphasis>
Xu, Zheng, Shih &amp; Wang
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,
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151EFFB5A65B30A2FB99F841" bold="true" box="[885,1041,1927,1951]" pageId="2" pageNumber="261">
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gen.
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151EFFB5A68630A2FC32F840" bold="true" box="[936,954,1927,1950]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="261">et</emphasis>
sp. nov.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(A–D). (A) Holotype of
<taxonomicName id="B8A04D5F151EFFB5A03F30A2FA1DF840" authorityName="Xu, Zheng, Shih &amp; Wang" authorityYear="2021" box="[1297,1429,1926,1950]" class="Insecta" family="Ithonidae" genus="Fuscopolystoechotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151EFFB5A03F30A2FA1DF840" box="[1297,1429,1926,1950]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="261">F. reticulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, CNU−NEU−NN2016005. (B) Overlay drawing of holotype of
<taxonomicName id="B8A04D5F151EFFB5A63F308EFC1CF81C" authorityName="Xu, Zheng, Shih &amp; Wang" authorityYear="2021" box="[785,916,1962,1986]" class="Insecta" family="Ithonidae" genus="Fuscopolystoechotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151EFFB5A63F308EFC1CF81C" box="[785,916,1962,1986]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="261">F. reticulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with forewing pattern. (C) Photos of paratype of
<taxonomicName id="B8A04D5F151EFFB5A0A4308EFE8AF838" authorityName="Xu, Zheng, Shih &amp; Wang" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Ithonidae" genus="Fuscopolystoechotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151EFFB5A0A4308EFE8AF838" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="261">F. reticulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, CNU−NEU−NN2016008P (D), Photos of paratype of
<taxonomicName id="B8A04D5F151EFFB5A61830EAFC32F838" authorityName="Xu, Zheng, Shih &amp; Wang" authorityYear="2021" box="[822,954,1998,2022]" class="Insecta" family="Ithonidae" genus="Fuscopolystoechotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151EFFB5A61830EAFC32F838" box="[822,954,1998,2022]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="261">F. reticulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Scale bars: 5 mm in A–D.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="37BA6557151FFFB4A5B937B2FDACFF0B" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" type="etymology">
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<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151FFFB4A5B937B2FE96FF6F" bold="true" box="[151,286,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific name
<taxonomicName id="B8A04D5F151FFFB4A4D837B2FDE5FF6F" authorityName="Xu, Zheng, Shih &amp; Wang" authorityYear="2021" box="[502,621,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Ithonidae" genus="Fuscopolystoechotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151FFFB4A4D837B2FDE5FF6F" box="[502,621,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">reticulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a Latin word meaning “reticulated”, referring to the reticulated pattern present on forewing of this species.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151FFFB4A5E937FBFEBEFF26" bold="true" box="[199,310,222,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Material.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="A01B887E151FFFB4A41337FAFE21FF27" box="[317,425,223,249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
. CNU−NEU−NN2016005 (
<figureCitation id="E79B2A59151FFFB4A7CF37FAFCD4FF27" box="[737,860,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1926,1950]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,630,1900]" captionTargetId="figure-161@2.[151,1436,630,1900]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Fuscopolystoechotes reticulatus Xu, Zheng, Shih &amp; Wang, gen. et sp. nov. (A–D). (A) Holotype of F. reticulatus, CNU−NEU−NN2016005. (B) Overlay drawing of holotype of F. reticulatus, with forewing pattern. (C) Photos of paratype of F. reticulatus, CNU−NEU−NN2016008P (D), Photos of paratype of F. reticulatus. Scale bars: 5 mm in A–D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5677977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5677977/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Fig. 1A–B</figureCitation>
);
<typeStatus id="A01B887E151FFFB4A65E37FAFC5EFF27" box="[880,982,223,249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
. CNU−NEU−NN2016008P/C (
<figureCitation id="E79B2A59151FFFB4A01937FAFA05FF27" box="[1335,1421,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1926,1950]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,630,1900]" captionTargetId="figure-161@2.[151,1436,630,1900]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Fuscopolystoechotes reticulatus Xu, Zheng, Shih &amp; Wang, gen. et sp. nov. (A–D). (A) Holotype of F. reticulatus, CNU−NEU−NN2016005. (B) Overlay drawing of holotype of F. reticulatus, with forewing pattern. (C) Photos of paratype of F. reticulatus, CNU−NEU−NN2016008P (D), Photos of paratype of F. reticulatus. Scale bars: 5 mm in A–D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5677977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5677977/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
), CNU−NEU−NN2016009 (
<figureCitation id="E79B2A59151FFFB4A4EB3626FD96FEC3" box="[453,542,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1926,1950]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,630,1900]" captionTargetId="figure-161@2.[151,1436,630,1900]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Fuscopolystoechotes reticulatus Xu, Zheng, Shih &amp; Wang, gen. et sp. nov. (A–D). (A) Holotype of F. reticulatus, CNU−NEU−NN2016005. (B) Overlay drawing of holotype of F. reticulatus, with forewing pattern. (C) Photos of paratype of F. reticulatus, CNU−NEU−NN2016008P (D), Photos of paratype of F. reticulatus. Scale bars: 5 mm in A–D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5677977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5677977/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F1F36DC151FFFB4A5E93602FC7CFEBB" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">
<materialsCitation id="CFC83C81151FFFB4A5E93602FC78FEBB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3400676302" country="China" county="Ningcheng County" location="Daohugou Village" municipality="Middle Jurassic" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nei Mongol" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151FFFB4A5E93602FE74FE9E" bold="true" box="[199,508,294,321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">
<typeStatus id="A01B887E151FFFB4A5E93602FE8AFE9F" box="[199,258,295,321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Type</typeStatus>
locality and horizon.
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,
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<location id="7A7F6007151FFFB4A5B9366EFE14FEBB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F70987CA151EFFB4A5B936DBFD68FD13:7A7F6007151FFFB4A5B9366EFE14FEBB" box="[151,412,331,357]" country="China" county="Ningcheng County" municipality="Middle Jurassic" name="Jiulongshan Formation" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" stateProvince="Nei Mongol">Jiulongshan Formation</location>
,
<location id="7A7F6007151FFFB4A489366EFD18FEBB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F70987CA151EFFB4A5B936DBFD68FD13:7A7F6007151FFFB4A489366EFD18FEBB" box="[423,656,331,357]" country="China" county="Ningcheng County" municipality="Middle Jurassic" name="Callovian-Oxfordian" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" stateProvince="Nei Mongol">Callovian-Oxfordian</location>
boundary, late
<collectingMunicipality id="9F7BACA6151FFFB4A612366EFC78FEBB" box="[828,1008,331,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Middle Jurassic</collectingMunicipality>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37BA6557151FFFB4A5E9364BFD42FE57" box="[199,714,366,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="7F1F36DC151FFFB4A5E9364BFD42FE57" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,717]" box="[199,714,366,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151FFFB4A5E9364BFECAFE56" bold="true" box="[199,322,366,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
As for the genus due to monotypy.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37BA6557151FFFB4A5E936B7FD68FD13" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" type="description">
<paragraph id="7F1F36DC151FFFB4A5E936B7FC42FD77" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151FFFB4A5E936B7FED1FE72" bold="true" box="[199,345,402,428]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Description.</emphasis>
Forewing elongated,
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151FFFB4A76436B6FDECFE72" box="[586,612,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">ca</emphasis>
.
<quantity id="B8589B39151FFFB4A75C36B6FD48FE73" box="[626,704,403,429]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" unit="mm" value="39.0">39 mm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="B8589B39151FFFB4A60336B6FCF3FE73" box="[813,891,403,429]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
wide; membrane dark, with the distinct transparent patches along anterior and posterior margins; trichosors well-defined in most margin except for the proximal half of anterior margin; humeral vein recurrent, producing 4–5 short crossveins; costal crossveins with the distal forks, and absence of interlinked crossveins in between; space between Sc and RA relatively broad, sc-sa crossvein absent; ra-rp crossveins numerous; RP with 18 close-set branches, crossveins in RP area numerous and irregularly arranged, only one outer gradate series present; M forked close to the divergence of RP1 from RP; MA with 4 distal branches, MP with 6 distal branches; Cu proximally branched; CuA with about 9 oblique pectinate branches; CuP dichotomously branched; A1–A3 multi-dichotomously branched distally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F1F36DC151FFFB4A5E93596FD68FD13" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,717]" box="[199,736,691,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Only forewing present, body features unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

197
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<mods:title id="2D5DAAFB04FCC59310443C153F53FA55">New fossil giant lacewings from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of China (Neuroptera, Ithonidae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="F70987CA151FFFB3A5B934D3FC1EFF27" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5698943" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190302569" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5698943" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:65E67F61-A863-41F4-92EC-2BC07B1EFF91" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F70987CA151FFFB3A5B934D3FC1EFF27" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="262" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">
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<paragraph id="7F1F36DC151FFFB4A5B934D3FC46FBCF" blockId="3.[151,974,1014,1113]" box="[151,974,1014,1041]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">
<heading id="245781B0151FFFB4A5B934D3FC46FBCF" bold="true" box="[151,974,1014,1041]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" reason="1">
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151FFFB4A5B934D3FC46FBCF" bold="true" box="[151,974,1014,1041]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">
<taxonomicName id="B8A04D5F151FFFB4A5B934D3FCECFBCF" authority="Xu, Fang, Shih &amp; Wang" authorityName="Xu, Fang, Shih &amp; Wang" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,868,1014,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Ithonidae" genus="Lichenipolystoechotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenestratus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151FFFB4A5B934D3FDB8FBCE" bold="true" box="[151,560,1014,1041]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Lichenipolystoechotes fenestratus</emphasis>
Xu, Fang, Shih &amp; Wang
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,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="56E757B5151FFFB4A65F34D2FC46FBCF" box="[881,974,1015,1041]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<subSubSection id="37BA6557151FFFB4A5B9331AFE9AFB87" box="[151,274,1087,1113]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" type="description">
<paragraph id="7F1F36DC151FFFB4A5B9331AFE9AFB87" blockId="3.[151,974,1014,1113]" box="[151,274,1087,1113]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">
(
<figureCitation id="E79B2A59151FFFB4A5B1331AFF67FB87" box="[159,239,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1310,1334]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1274]" captionTargetId="figure-72@4.[151,1436,273,1287]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Lichenipolystoechotes fenestratus Xu, Fang, Shih &amp; Wang, sp. nov. (A–B). (A) Holotype of L. fenestratus, CNU−NEU−NN2020003. (B) Overlay drawing of holotype of L. fenestratus, with forewing pattern. Scale bars: 5 mm in A–B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5677979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5677979/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="E79B2A59151FFFB4A5D5331AFE81FB87" box="[251,265,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1546,1570]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,181,1504]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1436,181,1523]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lichenipolystoechotes fenestratus Xu, Fang, Shih &amp; Wang, sp. nov. (A–B). (A) Paratype of L. fenestratus, CNU−NEU−NN2020004. (B) Overlay drawing of paratype of L. fenestratus, with forewing pattern. Scale bars: 5 mm in A–B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5677983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5677983/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">3</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37BA6557151FFFB4A5B933A2FC82FB1B" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="7F1F36DC151FFFB4A5B933A2FC82FB1B" blockId="3.[151,1437,1159,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151FFFB4A5B933A2FE96FB7F" bold="true" box="[151,286,1159,1185]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific name
<taxonomicName id="B8A04D5F151FFFB4A72A33A2FDF7FB7F" authorityName="Xu, Fang, Shih &amp; Wang" authorityYear="2021" box="[516,639,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Ithonidae" genus="Lichenipolystoechotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenestratus">
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151FFFB4A72A33A2FDF7FB7F" box="[516,639,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">fenestratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a Latin word meaning “window-like”, referring to the diaphanous interior fenestrae in the forewing pattern of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37BA6557151FFFB4A5E933EBFC7CFAEF" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="7F1F36DC151FFFB4A5E933EBFAA4FB37" blockId="3.[151,1437,1159,2013]" box="[199,1324,1230,1257]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151FFFB4A5E933EBFEBEFB36" bold="true" box="[199,310,1230,1256]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Material.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="A01B887E151FFFB4A41333EAFE21FB37" box="[317,425,1231,1257]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
. CNU−NEU−NN2020003 (
<figureCitation id="E79B2A59151FFFB4A7CC33EAFCAEFB37" box="[738,806,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1310,1334]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1274]" captionTargetId="figure-72@4.[151,1436,273,1287]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Lichenipolystoechotes fenestratus Xu, Fang, Shih &amp; Wang, sp. nov. (A–B). (A) Holotype of L. fenestratus, CNU−NEU−NN2020003. (B) Overlay drawing of holotype of L. fenestratus, with forewing pattern. Scale bars: 5 mm in A–B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5677979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5677979/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
);
<typeStatus id="A01B887E151FFFB4A61233EAFC2AFB37" box="[828,930,1231,1257]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
. CNU−NEU−NN2020004 (
<figureCitation id="E79B2A59151FFFB4A1F433EAFA96FB37" box="[1242,1310,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1546,1570]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,181,1504]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1436,181,1523]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lichenipolystoechotes fenestratus Xu, Fang, Shih &amp; Wang, sp. nov. (A–B). (A) Paratype of L. fenestratus, CNU−NEU−NN2020004. (B) Overlay drawing of paratype of L. fenestratus, with forewing pattern. Scale bars: 5 mm in A–B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5677983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5677983/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F1F36DC151FFFB4A5E933D6FC7CFAEF" blockId="3.[151,1437,1159,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151FFFB4A5E933D6FE74FAD2" bold="true" box="[199,508,1266,1293]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Type locality and horizon.</emphasis>
Daohugou Village, Shantou Township, Ningcheng County,
<collectingRegion id="BD64F83E151FFFB4A1B833D6FACFFAD3" box="[1174,1351,1267,1293]" country="China" name="Nei Mongol" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Inner Mongolia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="07B7764C151FFFB4A07C33D6FA10FAD3" box="[1362,1432,1267,1293]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">China</collectingCountry>
; Jiulongshan Formation, Callovian-Oxfordian boundary, late Middle Jurassic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37BA6557151FFFB4A5E9321FFB96FAA7" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="7F1F36DC151FFFB4A5E9321FFB96FAA7" blockId="3.[151,1437,1159,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151FFFB4A5E9321FFECAFA8A" bold="true" box="[199,322,1338,1364]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Forewing broad, length-width ratio about 2.7; RP with about 36 branches; crossveins in radial sector rare except for two rows of outer and inner gradate series; RP1 deeply branched.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37BA6557151FFFB4A5E932A7FDC2F893" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" type="description">
<paragraph id="7F1F36DC151FFFB4A5E932A7FA0DF963" blockId="3.[151,1437,1159,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151FFFB4A5E932A7FED1FA42" bold="true" box="[199,345,1410,1436]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Description.</emphasis>
Forewing oval shaped, about
<quantity id="B8589B39151FFFB4A78532A6FD73FA43" box="[683,763,1411,1437]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" unit="mm" value="26.0">26 mm</quantity>
long, and
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wide; trichosors well-defined; membrane with the distinctive disruptive markings, forming 14–15 transparent fenestrae along the margin and five large fenestrae in the middle; humeral veinlet recurrent; costal crossveins mostly simple except for the distal part; ScA present; ScP and RA fused distally; the region between ScP and RA relatively narrow, no crossveins present in between; eleven crossveins preserved between RA–RP area; RP with 36 close-set branches; crossveins in RP area relatively scarce, only one outer gradate series completely present, and the inner gradate series also partly present; the first branch of RP forked deeply with several bifurcated branches; M bifurcated basally, forming relatively abundant pectinate branches distally; CuA branched in middle, forming ca. 10 oblique pectinate branches; CuP simply biforked once, with distal bifurcated branches; A1 and A2 well-developed, forked three times each; A3 residually present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F1F36DC151FFFB4A5E931E2FDC2F893" blockId="3.[151,1437,1159,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">
<materialsCitation id="CFC83C81151FFFB4A5E931E2FDCDF893" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3400676301" collectionCode="RP" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" specimenCount="4" typeStatus="paratype">
The
<typeStatus id="A01B887E151FFFB4A5D731E2FED1F93F" box="[249,345,1735,1761]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
shows a lighter membrane with similar markings. The venations of
<typeStatus id="A01B887E151FFFB4A17F31E2FB3BF93F" box="[1105,1203,1735,1761]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and
<typeStatus id="A01B887E151FFFB4A1C731E2FAC1F93F" box="[1257,1353,1735,1761]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
are basically the same with an exception of a plausible difference, i.e. the absence of gradate series of crossveins in
<typeStatus id="A01B887E151FFFB4A04D31CEFF43F8F7" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
. However, this character is possibly not genuine because the crossveins in
<collectionCode id="19B1AE19151FFFB4A10F302AFBCAF8F7" box="[1057,1090,1807,1833]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">RP</collectionCode>
area are commonly difficultly visible owing to the overlapped wings
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.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7F1F36DC151FFFB3A5E93072FC1EFF27" blockId="3.[151,1437,1159,2013]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,249]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="263" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151FFFB4A5E93072FEB3F8AF" bold="true" box="[199,315,1879,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Remarks.</emphasis>
The new species can be easily attributed to
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<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151FFFB4A6633072FBCEF8AF" box="[845,1094,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Lichenipolystoechotes</emphasis>
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for the typical markings and highly similar venation, i.e. the length of the wing, the presence of complicated disruptive markings and diverse fenestrae in forewing, the similar configurations of M branches, the multi-branched CuA with 7−11 branches and the bifurcated CuP (
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Fang
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151FFFB4A49B30E6FE65F803" box="[437,493,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">et al.</emphasis>
, 2020
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). Nevertheless, the new species can be differentiated from the known
<taxonomicName id="B8A04D5F151FFFB3A01130E6FE1BFF6F" class="Insecta" family="Ithonidae" genus="Lichenipolystoechotes" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="263" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151FFFB3A01130E6FEB4FF6F" italics="true" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="263" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Lichenipolystoechotes</emphasis>
species
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for the number of RP branches (36 branches in the new species vs.
<quantity id="B8589B391518FFB3A15237B2FB3CFF6F" box="[1148,1204,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.572" pageId="4" pageNumber="263" unit="in" value="18.0">18 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="B8A04D5F1518FFB3A19437B2FA15FF6F" authorityName="Fang, Zheng &amp; Wang" authorityYear="2020" box="[1210,1437,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Ithonidae" genus="Lichenipolystoechotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustimaculatus">
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE1518FFB3A19437B2FA15FF6F" box="[1210,1437,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="263">L. angustimaculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 22 branches in
<taxonomicName id="B8A04D5F1518FFB3A441379EFDBDFF0B" authorityName="Fang, Ma &amp; Wang" authorityYear="2020" box="[367,565,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Ithonidae" genus="Lichenipolystoechotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramimaculatus">
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE1518FFB3A441379EFDBDFF0B" box="[367,565,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="263">L. ramimaculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). In addition, the branched pattern of the first branch of RP in the new species is also different from other species with more complicated branches.
</paragraph>
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107
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Genus
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<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151FFFB4A5C0343BFE71FCE7" bold="true" box="[238,505,798,825]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Lichenipolystoechotes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1B314B2D151FFFB4A72F343AFCD1FCE6" author="Fang, H. &amp; Labandeira, C. C. &amp; Ma, Y. M. &amp; Zheng, B. Y. &amp; Ren, D. &amp; Wei, X. L. &amp; Liu, J. X. &amp; Wang, Y. J." box="[513,857,798,825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" pagination="59007" refId="ref3585" refString="Fang, H., Labandeira, C. C., Ma, Y. M., Zheng, B. Y., Ren, D., Wei, X. L., Liu, J. X. &amp; Wang, Y. J. (2020) Lichen mimesis in mid- Mesozoic lacewings. eLife, 9, e 59007. https: // doi. org / 10.7554 / eLife. 59007" type="journal article" year="2020">Fang, Zheng &amp; Wang, 2020</bibRefCitation>
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species.
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<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151FFFB4A4173442FD77FC5F" box="[313,767,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Lichenipolystoechotes angustimaculatus</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151FFFB4A5E934AFFE54FC7A" bold="true" box="[199,476,906,932]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Other included species.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151FFFB4A4CD34AEFC03FC7B" box="[483,907,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Lichenipolystoechotes ramimaculatus</emphasis>
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