From 2d5446fc01f665bfdf96e423f51449c93b9891bb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver Date: Fri, 7 Feb 2025 20:41:43 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2025-02-07 20:35:04 --- .../F4/2D7DF473FFBFB409FF3AFD0F5929FC64.xml | 141 +++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 72 insertions(+), 69 deletions(-) diff --git a/data/2D/7D/F4/2D7DF473FFBFB409FF3AFD0F5929FC64.xml b/data/2D/7D/F4/2D7DF473FFBFB409FF3AFD0F5929FC64.xml index ff21f1d7e7a..90444a6530c 100644 --- a/data/2D/7D/F4/2D7DF473FFBFB409FF3AFD0F5929FC64.xml +++ b/data/2D/7D/F4/2D7DF473FFBFB409FF3AFD0F5929FC64.xml @@ -1,51 +1,54 @@ - - - -The appendicular osteology of the Early Jurassic theropod Piatnitzkysaurus floresi and its implications on the morphological disparity of non-coelurosaurian tetanurans + + + +The appendicular osteology of the Early Jurassic theropod Piatnitzkysaurus floresi and its implications on the morphological disparity of non-coelurosaurian tetanurans - - -Author + + +Author -Pradelli Diego Pol, Luciano A. +Pradelli Diego Pol, Luciano A. - - -Author + + +Author -Ezcurra, Martín D. -Sección Paleontología de Vertebrados, CONICET-Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘ Bernardino Rivadavia’, Avenida Ángel Gallardo 470, C 1405 DJR, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina & Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C 1425 FQB, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina & School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B 15 2 TT, UK +Ezcurra, Martín D. +Sección Paleontología de Vertebrados, CONICET-Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘ Bernardino Rivadavia’, Avenida Ángel Gallardo 470, C 1405 DJR, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina & Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C 1425 FQB, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina & School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B 15 2 TT, UK -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2025 - -2025-01-25 + +2025 + +2025-01-25 - -203 + +203 - -1 + +1 - -1 -40 + +1 +40 - -https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae176 + +https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae176 -journal article -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae176 -0024-4082 +journal article +308044 +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae176 +16abb3c4-8462-4336-b46b-b1ef9301f5c9 +0024-4082 +14834787 - + @@ -213,7 +216,7 @@ The ( PVL 4073 ) includes both almost complete scapulae ( -Fig. 1 +Fig. 1 ). The right element lacks part of the distal end, and most of the acromial region is missing in the left one. In contrast to ceratosaurian theropods (e.g. Carnotaurus sastrei @@ -278,7 +281,7 @@ Sereno ) and also during ontogeny ( Griffin 2018 ). The glenoid region is subspherical to reniform in proximal view and has a lateral slightly thickened edge. The surface that articulates with the coracoid is anteriorly flat and narrow and becomes concave and transversely broad posteriorly. The glenoid fossa is in the most posterior region and faces mainly ventrally ( -Fig. 1B, I +Fig. 1B, I ), but with a minor lateral component, as in non-averostran theropods (e.g. Dilophosaurus wetherilli @@ -444,7 +447,7 @@ Sadleir Benson 2010 ). In lateral view, the subacromial depression occurs between the acromial process and the articular surface for the coracoid. This depression is subtriangular, concave, and extends anteroposteriorly along most of the proximal end of the bone. The depth of this depression decreases towards the coracoid suture. - + Figure 1. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the right (A–E) and left (F–J) scapulae of @@ -639,7 +642,7 @@ Both coracoids are preserved in the ( PVL 4073 ). The right element is missing the anterodorsal and anteroventral corners, and the left one is represented only by its posteroproximal region ( -Fig. 2 +Fig. 2 ). The bone is anteroposteriorly longer than dorsoventrally tall, being suboval in lateral view, similar to that in allosauroids (e.g. Allosaurus fragilis @@ -767,7 +770,7 @@ Jasinoski Burch 2014 ). - + Figure 2. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the right (A–F) and left (G–I) coracoids of @@ -862,7 +865,7 @@ The right humeri of the ( PVL 4073 ; -Fig. 3 +Fig. 3 ) and the referred specimen (MACN-Pv-CH 895) are almost complete and well preserved; the edge of the deltopectoral crest is slightly damaged in the holotype , and the anterior surface of the radial condyle is not preserved in the referred specimen. The humerus of @@ -1152,7 +1155,7 @@ Jasinoski Burch 2014 ). On the medial side of the bone at mid-height of the shaft, there is an oval deep nutrient foramen. - + Figure 3. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the right humerus of @@ -1193,7 +1196,7 @@ The complete left ulna of the is preserved ( PVL 4073 : -Fig. 4 +Fig. 4 ). It is elongated, shorter than the humerus (0.5 ratio including the olecranon process). The ulna:humerus length ratio in Piatnitzkysaurus @@ -1315,13 +1318,13 @@ lacks any ridge on the anterior, lateral, or distal surfaces of the shaft. Ilium: Most of the left ilium is preserved in the referred specimen (MACN-Pv-CH 895: -Fig. 5 +Fig. 5 ). There is also a fragment of another referred left ilium that corresponds to the ischial peduncle and the dorsal rim of the acetabulum. The posterior fragment of the postacetabular process of the right ilium is preserved in the holotype ( PVL 4073 : -Fig. 5 +Fig. 5 ). The overall anteroposteriorly elongated morphology of the ilium resembles that in most non-avian theropods (e.g. Allosaurus fragilis @@ -1406,7 +1409,7 @@ Lacerda ). In the most complete ilium, the blade is broken at the anterior and posterior ends, but it can be determined that the base of the preacetabular process is dorsoventrally higher than the base of the postacetabular one. In dorsal view, the iliac blade slightly arches medially. The preserved anterior end of the iliac blade gradually narrows anteriorly, while the blade increases its thickness at its posteriormost preserved region. The medial surface has a slightly roughened surface with some irregular regions with prominences and depressions at mid-height and dorsal to the peduncles. These surfaces represent the attachment surfaces for the sacral ribs and transverse processes. - + Figure 4. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the left ulna of @@ -1677,7 +1680,7 @@ and MPEF-PV 3990 ). - + Figure 5. Photographs (left or above) and 3D model views (right or below) of the left ilium (A, B, D–G) and the fragmentary ischial peduncle (H–K) of MACN-Pv-CH 895 and postacetabular fragment of the right ilium of @@ -1692,9 +1695,9 @@ The complete right pubis and the proximal and distal ends of the left pubis are ( PVL 4073 : -Fig. 6 +Fig. 6 ), while both proximal ends are preserved in the referred specimen (MACN-Pv-CH 895: -Fig. 7 +Fig. 7 ). The pubis is elongated and expanded at its proximal and distal ends. The general morphology resembles that of most non-coelurosaurian neotheropods (e.g. Carnotaurus sastrei @@ -1953,7 +1956,7 @@ Rinehart Zahner and Brinkmann 2019 ). The anterior edge of the distal end is relatively straight in lateromedial view, whereas the posterior edge is more curved. A low ridge develops as a continuation of the pubic apron on the anterior surface of the distal expansion.There seems to be an oval opening above the pubic boot, between the pubic apron and the mentioned ridge. In ventral view, the distal end is subrectangular, anteroposteriorly longer than broad, and has a rough surface. The pubes probably contacted each other because of the presence of a flat and striated surface on the medial side of the distal end of the bones and the overall curvature of the shaft, which curves medially towards the distal end. - + Figure 6. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the right pubis (A–F) and the proximal and distal ends of the left pubis (G–P) of @@ -1961,7 +1964,7 @@ Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the right pubis (A–F) and the in lateral (A, O, P), medial (B, M, N), posterior (C, K, L), anterior (D, I, J), distal (E, H), and proximal (F, G) views. Abbreviations: fil, articular facet for the ilium; fis, articular facet for the ischium; of, obturator foramen; pa, pubic apron. Scale bar: 5 cm. - + Figure 7. Photographs (left or above) and 3D model views (right or below) of the proximal ends of the right (A–E) and left (F–J) pubes of MACN-Pv-CH 895 in medial (A, I), lateral (B, J), proximal (C, H), anterior (D, F), and posterior (E, G) views. Abbreviations: fil, articular facet for the ilium; fis, articular facet for the ischium; of, obturator foramen; pa, pubic apron. Scale bar: 5 cm. @@ -1974,9 +1977,9 @@ Most of both ischia are preserved in the ( PVL 4073 : -Fig. 8 +Fig. 8 ), while the proximal and distal ends of the right ischium, and the iliac peduncle and the distal end of the left one are preserved in the referred specimen (MACNPv-CH 895: -Fig. 9 +Fig. 9 ). The ischium has the typical Y-shaped outline present in most non-coelurosaurian theropods (e.g. Allosaurus fragilis @@ -2312,9 +2315,9 @@ Both femora are preserved in the ( PVL 4073 : -Fig. 10 +Fig. 10 ), and the left femur is preserved in the referred specimen (MACN-Pv-CH 895: -Fig. 11 +Fig. 11 ). The orientation and shape of the femur mentioned in this description are based principally on the right femur of the holotype , because it seems less affected by diagenetic processes. The bone is long and relatively robust, similar to @@ -2663,7 +2666,7 @@ Martinez NHMUK PV R4840 ). No trochanteric shelf is present. - + Figure 8. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the left (A–E) and right (F–J) ischia of @@ -2671,13 +2674,13 @@ Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the left (A–E) and right (F in lateral (A, J), medial (B, I), anterior (C, H), posterior (D, G), and distal (E, F) views. Abbreviations: obp, obturator process; pdt, proximodistal tubercle. Scale bars: 3 cm. - + Figure 9. Photographs (left or above) and 3D model views (right or below) of the proximal (A–E) and distal (G–K) ends of the right ischium (A–J), and the iliac peduncle (F) and the distal end of the left ischium (L–P) of MACN-Pv-CH 895 in lateral (A, H, N), medial (B, I, M), posterior (C, K, O), anterior (D, J, P), proximal (E, F), and distal (G, L) views. Abbreviations: ilp, iliac peduncle; it, ischial tubercle; obp, obturator process; pp, pubic peduncle. White arrows indicate the preserved original rim of the obturator process. Scale bar: 5 cm. - + Figure 10. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the right (A–F) and left (G–L) femora of @@ -2685,7 +2688,7 @@ Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the right (A–F) and left (G in anterior (A, L), posterior (B, K), lateral (C, I), medial (D, J), proximal (E, G), and distal (F, H) views. Abbreviations: atu, anterior tubercle; at, anterior trochanter; ef, extensor fossa; fc, fibular condyle; gt, greater tubercle; pf, popliteal fossa; pmt, posteromedial tubercle; ptu, posterior tubercle; tc, tibial condyle; tfc, tibiofibular crest. Scale bars: 5 cm in A–D, I–L; 3 cm in E–H. - + Figure 11. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the left femur (A–F) and left tibia (G–L) of MACN-Pv-CH 895 in lateral (A, L), medial (B, K), anterior (C, J), posterior (D, I), proximal (E, G), and distal (F, H) views. Abbreviations: alr, anterolateral ridge; cc, cnemial crest; ff, fibular flange; lf, lateral fossa; lr, lateral ridge; od, ovoid depression; pmt, posteromedial tubercle; t4, fourth trochanter; tc, tibial condyle. Scale bars: 5 cm in A–D, I–L; 3 cm in E–H. @@ -3015,9 +3018,9 @@ Both tibiae are preserved in the ( PVL 4073 : -Fig. 12 +Fig. 12 ), and the left tibia is preserved in the referred specimen (MACN-Pv-CH 895: -Fig. 11 +Fig. 11 ). The tibia is slightly shorter than the femur in both specimens (0.9 ratio). The main axis of the proximal end is twisted ~50° with respect to the main axis of the distal end. The shaft is slightly curved anteriorly, as in most theropods (e.g. Allosaurus fragilis @@ -3533,7 +3536,7 @@ Hunt Gauthier 1986 ). - + Figure 12. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the left (A–F) and right (G–L) tibiae of @@ -3548,9 +3551,9 @@ Both fibulae are preserved in the ( PVL 4073 : -Fig. 13 +Fig. 13 ), and the distal end of a right fibula is preserved in the referred specimen (MACN-Pv-CH 895: -Fig. 14 +Fig. 14 ). The fibula is long and slender, considerably less robust than the tibia. The proximal end is expanded anteroposteriorly, but more extended posteriorly, and has the typical subtriangular profile of neotheropods in lateral view (e.g. Allosaurus fragilis @@ -3788,7 +3791,7 @@ Allain Distal tarsals 3 and 4 Distal tarsals 3 and 4 are preserved in the referred specimen (MACN-Pv-CH 895: -Fig. 14 +Fig. 14 ). The presence of these two distal tarsals is usual in theropods ( Madsen 1976a , @@ -3916,7 +3919,7 @@ and . - + Figure 13. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the left (A–F) and right (G–L) fibulae of @@ -3924,7 +3927,7 @@ Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the left (A–F) and right (G in medial (A, I), lateral (B, J), posterior (C, K), anterior (D, L), proximal (E, G), and distal (F, H) views. Abbreviations: ap, anterolateral process; fs, fibular sulcus; mf, medial fossa. Scale bars: 5 cm in A–D, I–L; 3 cm in E–H. - + Figure 14. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the distal end of the left fibula (A–E), left distal tarsal III (F–K), and left distal tarsal IV (L–Q) of MACN-Pv-CH 895 in lateral (A, K, N), medial (B, H, O), posterior (C, J, P), anterior (D, I, Q), distal (E, G, M), and proximal (F, L) views. Abbreviations: lmg, lateromedial groove; n, notch; plp, posterolateral process. Scale bar: 3 cm. @@ -4073,7 +4076,7 @@ Langer Metatarsus: The left metatarsals II–IV are preserved in the referred specimen (MACN-Pv-CH 895: -Fig. 15 +Fig. 15 ), while metatarsals I and V are unknown in Piatnitzkysaurus floresi @@ -4552,7 +4555,7 @@ and . In anteroposterior view, the distal end widens from the shaft and is rounded. On both lateral and medial sides of the distal end, there is a distinct rounded fossa (i.e. ligament pit), which is larger on the lateral side. In distal view, the medial margin is straight, whereas the lateral margin is more developed, obliquely oriented. The lateral condyle is larger, rounded, and tapers posterolaterally, whereas the medial condyle is shorter. An oblique depression occurs at the distal margin, on the posterior region of the distal end, and proximally reaches the shaft. This depression slopes laterally towards proximal and becomes shallower. A low ridge arises on the medial edge of this depression on the shaft. - + Figure 15. Photographs (left) and 3D model views (right) of the left metatarsals II (A–F), III (G–L), and IV (M–R) of MACN-Pv-CH 895 in medial (A, J, O), lateral (B, I, P), anterior (C, G, M), posterior (D, H, N), distal (E, K, Q), and proximal (F, L, R) views. Abbreviations: lc, lateral condyle; lp, ligament pit; mc, medial condyle; od, oblique depression; pmp, posteromedial process; pr, proximal ridge; s, scar. Scale bar: 5 cm. @@ -5046,7 +5049,7 @@ Nesbitt Phalanx: The distal end of a phalanx is preserved in the referred specimen (MACN-Pv-CH 895: -Fig. 16 +Fig. 16 ). It is not possible to determine whether it is left or right, or whether it belongs to the manus or pes, although possibly it is the manual phalanx II-2. This phalanx resembles the general morphology of the phalanx II-2 of Allosaurus fragilis