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<taxonomicName authority="Kieffer, 1905" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1905" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Gonatopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gonatopus albosignatus" order="Alismatales" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="albosignatus">Gonatopus albosignatus Kieffer, 1905</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName genus="Chrysidoidea" lsidName="Chrysidoidea separatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050" rank="species" species="separatus">separatus</taxonomicName>
(Richards, 1939,
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) synonymy by
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8050">England, Wales</paragraph>
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Wesmael, 1848
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Removed from synonymy with
<taxonomicName id="6D4D06D6F70CE7474267AF60BDDE9AD5" genus="Ethelurgina" lsidName="Ethelurgina ischiomelinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042" rank="species" species="ischiomelinus">ischiomelinus</taxonomicName>
by Diller and Shaw (2014); only British specimen lacking locality data.
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<paragraph id="444136A2FFB7D93ADDB51778FE86F801" blockId="1.[151,642,1879,1939]" box="[151,305,1912,1939]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
(
<figureCitation id="DCC52A27FFB7D93ADDBD1778FE9FF801" box="[159,296,1912,1939]" captionStart-0="Figure 2" captionStart-1="Figure 3" captionStart-2="Figure 4" captionStartId-0="2.[151,226,1932,1956]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,226,1857,1881]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,226,1737,1761]" captionTargetBox-0="[238,1348,505,1913]" captionTargetBox-1="[171,1417,189,1838]" captionTargetBox-2="[289,1298,189,1719]" captionTargetId-0="figure-134@2.[238,1348,505,1913]" captionTargetId-1="figure-8@3.[171,1417,189,1838]" captionTargetId-2="figure-16@4.[289,1298,189,1719]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="Figure 2. Echinoderes dujardinii, adult male; introvert retracted, anterior end to the left. A, ventral view. Arrows mark the lateral terminal spines. Note the two first segments as cuticular closed rings and the remaining 9 segments with paired sternal plates. B, dorsal view. Cuticular thickenings, or pachycycli, reinforce the anterior edge of every segment (arrows)." captionText-1="Figure 3. Echinoderes dujardinii. Adult male. A, Ventral view, segments 1-5. tp, trichoscalid plate; np, neck placid. Arrows mark lateroventral tubes on segments 2 and 5. B, Ventral view, segments 8-11. lts, lateral terminal spine; ps, penile spine; te, tergal extension. Arrows mark lateroventral spines on segments 8 and 9. Arrowheads point to lateral accessory tubes on segment 8. C, Dorsal view, segments 5-9. Arrows mark middorsal spines on segments 4-8. D, Ventral view, segments 5-9. Arrows point to lateroventral spines on segments 6-9. Arrowheads mark lateroventral tube on segment 5 and lateral accessory tube on segment 8." captionText-2="Figure 4. Echinoderes dujardinii. Adult female. A, ventral view, segments 1-6. B, dorsal view. Note the dorsal pachycycli and the diatom shells inside the gut." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8033234" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8033236" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8033238" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8033234/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8033236/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/8033238/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figures 2-4</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="444136A2FFB7D93ADDB517BBFAEEF86A" blockId="1.[151,1436,1979,2040]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
The specimens of the phylum
<taxonomicName id="83FE4D21FFB7D93ADF2D17BBFD1EF844" authorityName="Dujardin" authorityYear="1851" box="[527,681,1979,2006]" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="phylum">Kinorhyncha</taxonomicName>
obtained at
<collectingRegion id="863AF840FFB7D93ADE6417BBFC3CF844" box="[838,907,1979,2006]" country="Turkey" name="Sinop" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Sinop</collectingRegion>
Bay have been identified beyond doubt as
<taxonomicName id="83FE4D21FFB7D93ADDB517DDFDC6F86A" authority="Claparede, 1863" authorityName="Claparede" authorityYear="1863" box="[151,625,2013,2040]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="dujardinii">
<emphasis id="768AEAB0FFB7D93ADDB517DDFE11F86A" box="[151,422,2013,2040]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Echinoderes dujardinii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="206F4B53FFB7D93ADC8C17DDFDC6F86A" author="Claparede, E." box="[430,625,2013,2040]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref2872" refString="Claparede, E. (1863) Beobachtungen uber die Anatomie und Entwicklungsgeschichte wirbelloser Thiere an der Kuste der Normandie angestellt. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leibzig, 120 p." type="book" year="1863">Claparède, 1863</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. The body of the adult is divided into introvert, neck and trunk.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="444136A2FFB4D939DDB510C4FC0BFE92" blockId="2.[151,1436,195,256]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="768AEAB0FFB4D939DDB510C4FEBCFF4C" bold="true" box="[151,267,196,222]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Introvert</emphasis>
. None of the specimens obtained had the introvert extended, so no information can be given on the mouth cone, oral styles and the structure and arrangement of scalids.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="444136A2FFB4D939DDB51129FEC7FE7E" blockId="2.[151,1436,296,492]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="768AEAB0FFB4D939DDB51129FF69FED1" bold="true" box="[151,222,297,323]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Neck.</emphasis>
The neck is formed by 16 cuticular plates named placids, radially arranged and articulated directly with the first segment of the trunk. All placids have a trapezoid shape and are approximately equal in size, except for the midventral one, wider and slightly extended distally (
<figureCitation id="DCC52A27FFB4D939DEE1116CFB9AFE15" box="[963,1069,364,391]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[151,226,1932,1956]" captionTargetBox="[238,1348,505,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-134@2.[238,1348,505,1913]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Echinoderes dujardinii, adult male; introvert retracted, anterior end to the left. A, ventral view. Arrows mark the lateral terminal spines. Note the two first segments as cuticular closed rings and the remaining 9 segments with paired sternal plates. B, dorsal view. Cuticular thickenings, or pachycycli, reinforce the anterior edge of every segment (arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8033234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8033234/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 2A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="DCC52A27FFB4D939D919116CFBD6FE15" box="[1083,1121,364,391]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="3.[151,226,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox="[171,1417,189,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-8@3.[171,1417,189,1838]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 3. Echinoderes dujardinii. Adult male. A, Ventral view, segments 1-5. tp, trichoscalid plate; np, neck placid. Arrows mark lateroventral tubes on segments 2 and 5. B, Ventral view, segments 8-11. lts, lateral terminal spine; ps, penile spine; te, tergal extension. Arrows mark lateroventral spines on segments 8 and 9. Arrowheads point to lateral accessory tubes on segment 8. C, Dorsal view, segments 5-9. Arrows mark middorsal spines on segments 4-8. D, Ventral view, segments 5-9. Arrows point to lateroventral spines on segments 6-9. Arrowheads mark lateroventral tube on segment 5 and lateral accessory tube on segment 8." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8033236" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8033236/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">3A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="DCC52A27FFB4D939D952116CFB2FFE15" box="[1136,1176,364,391]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="4.[151,226,1737,1761]" captionTargetBox="[289,1298,189,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-16@4.[289,1298,189,1719]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 4. Echinoderes dujardinii. Adult female. A, ventral view, segments 1-6. B, dorsal view. Note the dorsal pachycycli and the diatom shells inside the gut." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8033238" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8033238/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">4A</figureCitation>
). Some of the placids bear additional plates, the trichoscalid plates, on which the trichoscalids of the last scalid ring articulate (
<figureCitation id="DCC52A27FFB4D939D84E118EFF09FE58" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="3.[151,226,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox="[171,1417,189,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-8@3.[171,1417,189,1838]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 3. Echinoderes dujardinii. Adult male. A, Ventral view, segments 1-5. tp, trichoscalid plate; np, neck placid. Arrows mark lateroventral tubes on segments 2 and 5. B, Ventral view, segments 8-11. lts, lateral terminal spine; ps, penile spine; te, tergal extension. Arrows mark lateroventral spines on segments 8 and 9. Arrowheads point to lateral accessory tubes on segment 8. C, Dorsal view, segments 5-9. Arrows mark middorsal spines on segments 4-8. D, Ventral view, segments 5-9. Arrows point to lateroventral spines on segments 6-9. Arrowheads mark lateroventral tube on segment 5 and lateral accessory tube on segment 8." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8033236" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8033236/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). The cuticle between adjacent placids is soft and appears folded, sometimes mistakenly named as interstitial placids.
</paragraph>
<caption id="1081662AFFB4D939DDB5178CFF4FF86D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8033234" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8033234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8033234/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" startId="2.[151,226,1932,1956]" targetBox="[238,1348,505,1913]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="444136A2FFB4D939DDB5178CFF4FF86D" blockId="2.[151,1436,1931,2047]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="768AEAB0FFB4D939DDB5178CFF49F836" bold="true" box="[151,254,1932,1956]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="768AEAB0FFB4D939DC24178BFDB3F831" box="[262,516,1931,1955]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="83FE4D21FFB4D939DC24178BFDB7F831" authorityName="Claparede" authorityYear="1863" box="[262,512,1931,1955]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="dujardinii">Echinoderes dujardinii</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
adult male; introvert retracted, anterior end to the left.
<emphasis id="768AEAB0FFB4D939D97B178CFBDBF836" bold="true" box="[1113,1132,1932,1956]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">A</emphasis>
, ventral view. Arrows mark the lateral terminal spines. Note the two first segments as cuticular closed rings and the remaining 9 segments with paired sternal plates.
<emphasis id="768AEAB0FFB4D939DC5F17C9FE38F873" bold="true" box="[381,399,1993,2017]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">B</emphasis>
, dorsal view. Cuticular thickenings, or pachycycli, reinforce the anterior edge of every segment (arrows).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="1081662AFFB5D938DDB51741FD6EF863" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8033236" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8033236" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8033236/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[151,226,1857,1881]" targetBox="[171,1417,189,1838]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="444136A2FFB5D938DDB51741FD6EF863" blockId="3.[151,1437,1856,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="768AEAB0FFB5D938DDB51741FEB7F8CB" bold="true" box="[151,256,1857,1881]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="83FE4D21FFB5D938DC281740FDB5F8CA" authorityName="Claparede" authorityYear="1863" box="[266,514,1856,1880]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="dujardinii">
<emphasis id="768AEAB0FFB5D938DC281740FDB5F8CA" box="[266,514,1856,1880]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Echinoderes dujardinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Adult male.
<emphasis id="768AEAB0FFB5D938DFBF1741FD07F8CB" bold="true" box="[669,688,1857,1881]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A</emphasis>
, Ventral view, segments 1-5. tp, trichoscalid plate; np, neck placid. Arrows mark lateroventral tubes on segments 2 and 5.
<emphasis id="768AEAB0FFB5D938DFD6175FFCBAF8E5" bold="true" box="[756,781,1887,1911]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">B,</emphasis>
Ventral view, segments 8-11. lts, lateral terminal spine; ps, penile spine; te, tergal extension. Arrows mark lateroventral spines on segments 8 and 9. Arrowheads point to lateral accessory tubes on segment 8.
<emphasis id="768AEAB0FFB5D938DCD5179CFDA6F826" bold="true" box="[503,529,1948,1972]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">C,</emphasis>
Dorsal view, segments 5-9. Arrows mark middorsal spines on segments 4-8.
<emphasis id="768AEAB0FFB5D938D8A0179CFA2AF826" bold="true" box="[1410,1437,1948,1972]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">D,</emphasis>
Ventral view, segments 5-9. Arrows point to lateroventral spines on segments 6-9. Arrowheads mark lateroventral tube on segment 5 and lateral accessory tube on segment 8.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="1081662AFFB2D93FDDB516C9FD26F893" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8033238" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8033238" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8033238/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[151,226,1737,1761]" targetBox="[289,1298,189,1719]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="444136A2FFB2D93FDDB516C9FD26F893" blockId="4.[151,1436,1737,1793]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="768AEAB0FFB2D93FDDB516C9FEB4F973" bold="true" box="[151,259,1737,1761]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="768AEAB0FFB2D93FDC3216C9FDA3F973" box="[272,532,1737,1761]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="83FE4D21FFB2D93FDC3216C9FDA7F973" authorityName="Claparede" authorityYear="1863" box="[272,528,1737,1761]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="dujardinii">Echinoderes dujardinii</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Adult female.
<emphasis id="768AEAB0FFB2D93FDFE416C9FD56F973" bold="true" box="[710,737,1737,1761]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A,</emphasis>
ventral view, segments 1-6.
<emphasis id="768AEAB0FFB2D93FD91016C9FBFCF973" bold="true" box="[1074,1099,1737,1761]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">B,</emphasis>
dorsal view. Note the dorsal pachycycli and the diatom shells inside the gut.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="444136A2FFB2D93EDDB5174BFBB8FE15" blockId="4.[151,1436,1867,2028]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,195,695]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="768AEAB0FFB2D93FDDB5174BFF47F8F7" bold="true" box="[151,240,1867,1893]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Trunk.</emphasis>
The trunk is divided into 11 segments. As a diagnostic character of the genus, the two first segments are closed rings of cuticle (
<figureCitation id="DCC52A27FFB2D93FDCC3176CFDF4F815" box="[481,579,1900,1927]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="4.[151,226,1737,1761]" captionTargetBox="[289,1298,189,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-16@4.[289,1298,189,1719]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 4. Echinoderes dujardinii. Adult female. A, ventral view, segments 1-6. B, dorsal view. Note the dorsal pachycycli and the diatom shells inside the gut." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8033238" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8033238/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). Segments 3 to 11 are formed by a dorsal tergal plate articulated with two ventral sternal plates (
<figureCitation id="DCC52A27FFB2D93FDCC3178EFDF3F83B" box="[481,580,1934,1961]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="4.[151,226,1737,1761]" captionTargetBox="[289,1298,189,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-16@4.[289,1298,189,1719]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 4. Echinoderes dujardinii. Adult female. A, ventral view, segments 1-6. B, dorsal view. Note the dorsal pachycycli and the diatom shells inside the gut." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8033238" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8033238/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). Hence a ventral view of the animal shows the sternal plates plus a narrow lateral strip of the tergal plate, the so-called lateroventral area. Every segment has an anterior cuticular thickening, the pachycyclus (
<figureCitation id="DCC52A27FFB2D93FDF4317D1FD7EF87E" box="[609,713,2001,2028]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[151,226,1932,1956]" captionTargetBox="[238,1348,505,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-134@2.[238,1348,505,1913]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Echinoderes dujardinii, adult male; introvert retracted, anterior end to the left. A, ventral view. Arrows mark the lateral terminal spines. Note the two first segments as cuticular closed rings and the remaining 9 segments with paired sternal plates. B, dorsal view. Cuticular thickenings, or pachycycli, reinforce the anterior edge of every segment (arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8033234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8033234/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 2B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="DCC52A27FFB2D93FDFF417D1FD4DF87E" box="[726,762,2001,2028]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="4.[151,226,1737,1761]" captionTargetBox="[289,1298,189,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-16@4.[289,1298,189,1719]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 4. Echinoderes dujardinii. Adult female. A, ventral view, segments 1-6. B, dorsal view. Note the dorsal pachycycli and the diatom shells inside the gut." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8033238" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8033238/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">4B</figureCitation>
) and a posterior edge specialized as a fringe of cuticular tips, the pectinate fringe that overlaps the anterior edge of the next segment. The sizes of the whole trunk and the individual segments agree with the ones reported in the descriptions of the species. The cuticular surface is covered by minute hairs, arising from perforations arranged following characteristic patterns. Other cuticular specializations include sensory spots, glandular cell outlets and cuticular scars marking attachment sites for the underlying musculature. The most important taxonomic feature is the presence, nature and distribution of cuticular appendages, namely spines and tubes (
<figureCitation id="DCC52A27FFB3D93EDE5B116CFC7FFE15" box="[889,968,364,391]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="3.[151,226,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox="[171,1417,189,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-8@3.[171,1417,189,1838]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 3. Echinoderes dujardinii. Adult male. A, Ventral view, segments 1-5. tp, trichoscalid plate; np, neck placid. Arrows mark lateroventral tubes on segments 2 and 5. B, Ventral view, segments 8-11. lts, lateral terminal spine; ps, penile spine; te, tergal extension. Arrows mark lateroventral spines on segments 8 and 9. Arrowheads point to lateral accessory tubes on segment 8. C, Dorsal view, segments 5-9. Arrows mark middorsal spines on segments 4-8. D, Ventral view, segments 5-9. Arrows point to lateroventral spines on segments 6-9. Arrowheads mark lateroventral tube on segment 5 and lateral accessory tube on segment 8." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8033236" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8033236/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
A-D).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="444136A2FFB3D93EDDD4118EFF7BFDA2" blockId="5.[151,1437,195,695]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Tubes occur in lateroventral positions on segment 2; in lateroventral position on segment 5 (
<figureCitation id="DCC52A27FFB3D93ED814118EFA25FE3B" box="[1334,1426,398,425]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="3.[151,226,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox="[171,1417,189,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-8@3.[171,1417,189,1838]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 3. Echinoderes dujardinii. Adult male. A, Ventral view, segments 1-5. tp, trichoscalid plate; np, neck placid. Arrows mark lateroventral tubes on segments 2 and 5. B, Ventral view, segments 8-11. lts, lateral terminal spine; ps, penile spine; te, tergal extension. Arrows mark lateroventral spines on segments 8 and 9. Arrowheads point to lateral accessory tubes on segment 8. C, Dorsal view, segments 5-9. Arrows mark middorsal spines on segments 4-8. D, Ventral view, segments 5-9. Arrows point to lateroventral spines on segments 6-9. Arrowheads mark lateroventral tube on segment 5 and lateral accessory tube on segment 8." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8033236" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8033236/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
) and in lateral accessory position on segment 8, very close to the lateroventral spine on that segment (
<figureCitation id="DCC52A27FFB3D93ED84211AFFF56FE7E" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="3.[151,226,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox="[171,1417,189,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-8@3.[171,1417,189,1838]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 3. Echinoderes dujardinii. Adult male. A, Ventral view, segments 1-5. tp, trichoscalid plate; np, neck placid. Arrows mark lateroventral tubes on segments 2 and 5. B, Ventral view, segments 8-11. lts, lateral terminal spine; ps, penile spine; te, tergal extension. Arrows mark lateroventral spines on segments 8 and 9. Arrowheads point to lateral accessory tubes on segment 8. C, Dorsal view, segments 5-9. Arrows mark middorsal spines on segments 4-8. D, Ventral view, segments 5-9. Arrows point to lateroventral spines on segments 6-9. Arrowheads mark lateroventral tube on segment 5 and lateral accessory tube on segment 8." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8033236" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8033236/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 3B, D</figureCitation>
). Additionally a laterodorsal tube occur on segment 10. Short middorsal spines occur on segments 4 to 8, slightly increasing in length posteriorly. Spines are located in lateroventral positions on segments 6-9 (
<figureCitation id="DCC52A27FFB3D93ED84F11F3FF08FDA2" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="3.[151,226,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox="[171,1417,189,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-8@3.[171,1417,189,1838]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 3. Echinoderes dujardinii. Adult male. A, Ventral view, segments 1-5. tp, trichoscalid plate; np, neck placid. Arrows mark lateroventral tubes on segments 2 and 5. B, Ventral view, segments 8-11. lts, lateral terminal spine; ps, penile spine; te, tergal extension. Arrows mark lateroventral spines on segments 8 and 9. Arrowheads point to lateral accessory tubes on segment 8. C, Dorsal view, segments 5-9. Arrows mark middorsal spines on segments 4-8. D, Ventral view, segments 5-9. Arrows point to lateroventral spines on segments 6-9. Arrowheads mark lateroventral tube on segment 5 and lateral accessory tube on segment 8." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8033236" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8033236/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="444136A2FFB3D93EDDD41236FD8FFD25" blockId="5.[151,1437,195,695]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Segment 11 (
<figureCitation id="DCC52A27FFB3D93EDCB91236FE4DFDC3" box="[411,506,566,593]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="3.[151,226,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox="[171,1417,189,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-8@3.[171,1417,189,1838]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 3. Echinoderes dujardinii. Adult male. A, Ventral view, segments 1-5. tp, trichoscalid plate; np, neck placid. Arrows mark lateroventral tubes on segments 2 and 5. B, Ventral view, segments 8-11. lts, lateral terminal spine; ps, penile spine; te, tergal extension. Arrows mark lateroventral spines on segments 8 and 9. Arrowheads point to lateral accessory tubes on segment 8. C, Dorsal view, segments 5-9. Arrows mark middorsal spines on segments 4-8. D, Ventral view, segments 5-9. Arrows point to lateroventral spines on segments 6-9. Arrowheads mark lateroventral tube on segment 5 and lateral accessory tube on segment 8." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8033236" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8033236/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
) bears a pair of big lateral terminal spines, about 150 µm long (
<figureCitation id="DCC52A27FFB3D93ED8081236FA38FDC3" box="[1322,1423,566,593]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[151,226,1932,1956]" captionTargetBox="[238,1348,505,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-134@2.[238,1348,505,1913]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Echinoderes dujardinii, adult male; introvert retracted, anterior end to the left. A, ventral view. Arrows mark the lateral terminal spines. Note the two first segments as cuticular closed rings and the remaining 9 segments with paired sternal plates. B, dorsal view. Cuticular thickenings, or pachycycli, reinforce the anterior edge of every segment (arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8033234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8033234/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). Additionally, females present one pair of lateral terminal accessory spines nearly 50 µm long. Males have three pairs of flexible penile spines instead. Tergal plate of segment 11 projected posteriorly as one pair of short and pointed tergal extensions.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>An annotated checklist of the scale insects of Iran (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea) with new records and distribution data</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Moghaddam, Masumeh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>334</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.334.5818</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.334.5818</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-334-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152048130" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CC57E86F4E4D76BE40571BE4A406671C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC57E86F4E4D76BE40571BE4A406671C" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName authority="Balachowsky" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Cryptoparlatoreopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptoparlatoreopsis tlaiae" order="Hemiptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tlaiae">Cryptoparlatoreopsis tlaiae (Balachowsky)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Aonidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aonidia tlaiae" order="Hemiptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tlaiae">Aonidia tlaiae</taxonomicName>
Balachowsky, 1927: 200.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="iran localities">
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Iran localities.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Hormozgan, Sistan &amp; Balouchestan.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="host plants">
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Host plants.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName genus="Tamaricaceae" lsidName="Tamaricaceae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="genus">Tamaricaceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Tamaricaceae" genus="Tamarix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tamarix" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Tamarix</taxonomicName>
sp.
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="references">
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">References.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<bibRefCitation author="Ben-Dov, Y" journalOrPublisher="Israel Journal of Entomology" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" title="ScaleNet." url="http://www.sel.barc.usda.gov/scalenet/scalenet.htm" year="2013">Ben-Dov et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Farahbakhsh, Gh" journalOrPublisher="Department of Plant Protection Ministry of Agriculture Tehran, Iran" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" title="A Checklist of Economically Important Insects and other Enemies of Plants and Agricultural Products in Iran." year="1961">Farahbakhsh (1961)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Kaussari, M" journalOrPublisher="Ministere de l'Agriculture, Entomologie et Phytopathologie Appliquees, Tehran" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="14 - 20" title="La premiere liste des cochenilles de l'Iran." year="1955">Kaussari (1955</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation pageId="18" pageNumber="19">1970</bibRefCitation>
),
<bibRefCitation author="Kozar, F" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="61 - 74" title="Check-list of Coccoidea and Aleyrodoidea (Homoptera) of Afghanistan and Iran, with additional data to the scale insects of fruit trees in Iran." volume="31" year="1996">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kozár">Kozar</normalizedToken>
et al. (1996)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Moghaddam, M" journalOrPublisher="Plant Pests &amp; Diseases Research Institute, Insect Taxonomy Research Dept." pageId="77" pageNumber="78" title="The list of Coccoidea in the Insect Museum of Hayk Mirzayans in Plant Pests and Diseases Research Institute (1)." volume="11" year="2004">Moghaddam (2004)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation author="Seghatoleslami, H" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Entomological Society of Iran" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="5 - 19" title="List of scale insects (Fam. Diaspididae) of Iran." volume="4" year="1977">Seghatoleslami (1977)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>