plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Releases Activity

added CC

Browse source
This commit is contained in:
maintenance 2024-06-21 12:51:58 +02:00
parent 012b9b552f
commit 2786d5a38a
1625 changed files with 317596 additions and 0 deletions
Download patch file Download diff file Expand all files Collapse all files

370
data/CC/44/87/CC448785FF83FFA0F6EF3B1AFB3CFE50.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
<document id="06FEDB4C5A07756FCE10E6963E751446" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.4618824" ID-ISSN="2345-7600" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4618824" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1616092738991" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Martin, Joel W. &amp; Boyce, Sarah L." docDate="2003" docId="CC448785FF83FFA0F6EF3B1AFB3CFE50" docLanguage="en" docName="RafflesBZool.51.2.215-218.pdf" docOrigin="Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:19380AF0FBA5B2F218DD253A34ABE57F.5:RafflesBZool.2003-2005.journal_article" docStyleId="19380AF0FBA5B2F218DD253A34ABE57F" docStyleName="RafflesBZool.2003-2005.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Cyclestheria hislopi" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="217" masterDocId="307DFFFDFF82FFA2F61D395DFFD3FFA8" masterDocTitle="New Records Of Cyclestheria Hislopi (Baird, 1859) (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Diplostraca: Cyclestherida) In Southeast Asia" masterLastPageNumber="218" masterPageNumber="215" pageNumber="216" updateTime="1698890529414" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="676219B528261C25C525CED9C135AA90" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="F08A962E1AB5981C368F8798E6FA9700">
<mods:title id="DADD45C1D2B9F32D6C7FD30B3E151DC8">New Records Of Cyclestheria Hislopi (Baird, 1859) (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Diplostraca: Cyclestherida) In Southeast Asia</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="1EB54B0534AF2743DE1E85C07266D71F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2CB4E89F7CF7B343D44BEBA09DA36F2D">
<mods:roleTerm id="B743D0CA8282DDF7A47907E10A7CDCD3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="3E0BF0ABD25C7F0715337CA67200947E">Martin, Joel W.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="E78A53AB7844F917EEEEF89A6F17C144" type="personal">
<mods:role id="EBF9415EF1A5A05AA708B32DE0FAE2B0">
<mods:roleTerm id="341EC6B1597F212D263C325A5AF0C9FF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="D5C7716F552A9A84E6D14F148CBCD5AB">Boyce, Sarah L.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="C706234DAB0808510A452FB9C4817692">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="78678812B57A4A16915ABA3948147E09" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="05B5E88A15B78A5594ACD1BF48F070AF">
<mods:title id="541ECA5A23600B9837368E12A34B1DD8">Raffles Bulletin of Zoology</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="C3A80AE396E868300F797D076E0C07CF">
<mods:date id="1164E9C5D62C21F7EF2CE8A19E8CBD62">2003</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="A6C2C5BD1BD3F7AD449B0ECEA86A215E" type="volume">
<mods:number id="D9F424E36B56D5B7CC2431D50EE9C0FC">51</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="9253FF87E4BD6061EB746AE1528BC668" type="issue">
<mods:number id="5B152B2D947A05E8DB7F324882EEC8D2">2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="2DE231784CF33EE4B947A36E021AB7C9" unit="page">
<mods:start id="2611D4F0709A23E5B0EA9C67B3C563BB">215</mods:start>
<mods:end id="DC9603F9D4A4C74EB9A2FBBEE83DB1E4">218</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="63E7006E0DC5D2CDC49A68F9CFF75E10">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="BA6710AE8985BFF4D3C046CC29FE48DE" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.4618824</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="11282514D006A3CB290CA80C2CB8B58A" type="ISSN">2345-7600</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="73F67B222B55ED71A1D662CC5DC18657" type="Zenodo-Dep">4618824</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="CC448785FF83FFA0F6EF3B1AFB3CFE50" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CC448785FF83FFA0F6EF3B1AFB3CFE50" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC448785FF83FFA0F6EF3B1AFB3CFE50" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="217" pageId="1" pageNumber="216">
<subSubSection id="0CF76518FF83FFA3F6EF3B1AFDA3FDF7" box="[242,624,583,607]" pageId="1" pageNumber="216" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="44523693FF83FFA3F6EF3B1AFDA3FDF7" blockId="1.[242,624,583,607]" box="[242,624,583,607]" pageId="1" pageNumber="216">
<heading id="1F1A81FFFF83FFA3F6EF3B1AFDA3FDF7" bold="true" box="[242,624,583,607]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="216" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="83ED4D10FF83FFA3F6EF3B1AFDA3FDF7" ID-CoL="92739581-1857-4700-ae09-5ae69c715d21" authority="(Baird, 1859)" baseAuthorityName="BAIRD" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[242,624,583,607]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Cyclestheriidae" genus="Cyclestheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="1" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hislopi">
<emphasis id="7699EA81FF83FFA3F6EF3B1AFDA3FDF7" bold="true" box="[242,624,583,607]" pageId="1" pageNumber="216">
<emphasis id="7699EA81FF83FFA3F6EF3B1AFE1CFDF7" bold="true" box="[242,463,583,607]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="216">Cyclestheria hislopi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="207C4B62FF83FFA3F7C23B1AFDBBFDF7" author="Baird, W" box="[479,616,583,607]" pageId="1" pageNumber="216" pagination="231 - 234" refId="ref2441" refString="Baird, W., 1859. Description of some new recent Entomostraca from Nagpur, collected by the Rev. S. Hislop. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences, 63: 231 - 234." type="journal article" year="1859">Baird, 1859</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0CF76518FF83FFA0F66C3BD9FE6FF79D" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="217" pageId="1" pageNumber="216" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="44523693FF83FFA3F66C3BD9FC07FE37" blockId="1.[113,753,644,1046]" lastBlockId="1.[813,1453,193,415]" pageId="1" pageNumber="216">
Material Examined. –
<materialsCitation id="F4853CCEFF83FFA3F7763BD9FDD4FC84" collectingDate="2001-08-17" collectionCode="LACM, PKNS" collectorName="Kelana Jaya &amp; Melissa Chin &amp; Monash University &amp; Gift" country="Malaysia" county="Kepong" location="Perbadanan Kemajuan Negeri" municipality="From" pageId="1" pageNumber="216" specimenCode="CR 2001, 011.1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kuala Lumpur">
<emphasis id="7699EA81FF83FFA3F7763BD9FE1DFD31" bold="true" box="[363,462,644,665]" pageId="1" pageNumber="216">
<collectingCountry id="3CFA7603FF83FFA3F7763BD9FE1DFD31" box="[363,462,644,665]" name="Malaysia" pageId="1" pageNumber="216">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
. –
<collectionCode id="22FCAE56FF83FFA3F7EB3BD9FDEDFD31" box="[502,574,644,665]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="1" pageNumber="216" type="Museum">LACM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="144B9EE8FF83FFA3F4553BD9FD7AFD31" box="[584,681,644,665]" collectionCode="LACM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="1" pageNumber="216" type="Museum">CR 2001</specimenCode>
-
<specimenCode id="144B9EE8FF83FFA3F4AD3BD9FD3EFD31" box="[688,749,644,665]" collectionCode="LACM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="1" pageNumber="216" type="Museum">011.1</specimenCode>
.
<collectingCounty id="AD334E1FFF83FFA3F66C3BFCFF15FD1E" box="[113,198,673,694]" pageId="1" pageNumber="216">Kepong</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingRegion id="8629F871FF83FFA3F6C83BFCFEA6FD1E" box="[213,373,673,694]" country="Malaysia" name="Kuala Lumpur" pageId="1" pageNumber="216">Kuala Lumpur</collectingRegion>
.
<collectingMunicipality id="A436ACE9FF83FFA3F7903BFCFE17FD1E" box="[397,452,673,694]" pageId="1" pageNumber="216">From</collectingMunicipality>
a tin mine lake (under the management of the
<location id="41326048FF83FFA3F7373BE2FD96FD7C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CC448785FF83FFA0F6EF3B1AFB3CFE50:41326048FF83FFA3F7373BE2FD96FD7C" box="[298,581,703,724]" country="Malaysia" county="Kepong" municipality="From" name="Perbadanan Kemajuan Negeri" pageId="1" pageNumber="216" stateProvince="Kuala Lumpur">Perbadanan Kemajuan Negeri</location>
<collectingRegion id="8629F871FF83FFA3F4573BE2FD4CFD7C" box="[586,671,703,724]" country="Malaysia" name="Selangor" pageId="1" pageNumber="216">Selangor</collectingRegion>
[
<collectionCode id="22FCAE56FF83FFA3F4B43BE2FD38FD7C" box="[681,747,703,724]" pageId="1" pageNumber="216">PKNS</collectionCode>
] local council in the suburb of
<collectorName id="E9185345FF83FFA3F7843B81FDC1FD59" box="[409,530,732,753]" pageId="1" pageNumber="216">Kelana Jaya</collectorName>
) near the center of the city and infested with water hyacinths. Collected
<date id="30531053FF83FFA3F4493BA4FD00FCA6" box="[596,723,761,782]" pageId="1" pageNumber="216" value="2001-08-17">
<collectingDate id="2017E9BBFF83FFA3F4493BA4FD00FCA6" box="[596,723,761,782]" pageId="1" pageNumber="216" value="2001-08-17">17 Aug.2001</collectingDate>
</date>
by
<collectorName id="E9185345FF83FFA3F66C3A4AFF3DFC84" box="[113,238,791,812]" pageId="1" pageNumber="216">Melissa Chin</collectorName>
(
<collectorName id="E9185345FF83FFA3F6E73A4AFE65FC84" box="[250,438,791,812]" pageId="1" pageNumber="216">Monash University</collectorName>
).
<collectorName id="E9185345FF83FFA3F7D53A4AFE3DFC84" box="[456,494,791,812]" pageId="1" pageNumber="216">Gift</collectorName>
to
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="F4853CCEFF83FFA3F4163A4AFBB3FE2A" collectionCode="LACM, PKNS" country="Malaysia" county="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" location="Monash University Sunway Campus" municipality="Catherine Yule" pageId="1" pageNumber="216" specimenCount="564">
<collectionCode id="22FCAE56FF83FFA3F4163A4AFD83FC84" box="[523,592,791,812]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="1" pageNumber="216" type="Museum">LACM</collectionCode>
(
<collectingCounty id="AD334E1FFF83FFA3F4463A4AFE64FCE1" pageId="1" pageNumber="216">Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County</collectingCounty>
) from
<collectingMunicipality id="A436ACE9FF83FFA3F7E13A69FD41FCE1" box="[508,658,820,841]" pageId="1" pageNumber="216">Catherine Yule</collectingMunicipality>
(
<location id="41326048FF83FFA3F4BD3A69FE5FFCCE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CC448785FF83FFA0F6EF3B1AFB3CFE50:41326048FF83FFA3F4BD3A69FE5FFCCE" country="Malaysia" county="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" municipality="Catherine Yule" name="Monash University Sunway Campus" pageId="1" pageNumber="216">Monash University Sunway Campus</location>
).
<location id="41326048FF83FFA3F7BA3A0CFDE8FCCE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CC448785FF83FFA0F6EF3B1AFB3CFE50:41326048FF83FFA3F7BA3A0CFDE8FCCE" box="[423,571,849,870]" country="Malaysia" county="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" municipality="Catherine Yule" name="Approximately" pageId="1" pageNumber="216">Approximately</location>
<specimenCount id="52EBFD1AFF83FFA3F45E3A0CFD18FCCE" box="[579,715,849,870]" pageId="1" pageNumber="216" type="generic">64 specimens</specimenCount>
, all apparently female, of which 26 were either ovigerous or had developing eggs visible through the thin cuticle of the trunk somites. The size range was from
<quantity id="83159B76FF83FFA3F7D83AF4FDDCFC16" box="[453,527,937,958]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="216" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
(small individuals that could not be sexed) to
<quantity id="83159B76FF83FFA3F74A3A9AFE77FC74" box="[343,420,967,988]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="216" unit="mm" value="3.1">3.1 mm</quantity>
for a large female carrying welldeveloped embryos (
<figureCitation id="DCD62A16FF83FFA3F7243AB9FEA3FC51" box="[313,368,996,1017]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[114,150,2008,2029]" captionTargetBox="[329,1247,1072,1977]" captionTargetId="figure-521@1.[318,1248,1053,1989]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. One of the largest individuals (3.1 mm at widest point across the carapace) of Cyclestheria hislopi from the Malaysia specimens (LACM CR 2001-011.1) reported herein. Large arrows indicate areas enlarged to show detail while the smaller arrows highlight characters unique to the species, such as the serrated anterior rostral border, tubular first antenna, and heavily spinose posterior region. Note also the nearly circular carapace valves and developing embryos within the valves, both of which are also characteristic of Cyclestheria." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4618828" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4618828/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="216">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Ovigerous females ranged from those carrying spherical eggs dorsally to those carrying well-developed embryos beneath the dorsal confines of the valves; larger individuals carried embryos that were more fully developed. The smallest brooding individual measured
<quantity id="83159B76FF83FFA3F2B439A7FB21FEA7" box="[1193,1266,250,271]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="216" unit="mm" value="2.4">2.4 mm</quantity>
in carapace length. Additional collections, not seen by us, have since come from two other lakes, one in the suburb of Ampang (approximately
<quantity id="83159B76FF83FFA3F3703869FA7FFEE1" box="[1389,1452,308,329]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="216" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
from the
<collectionCode id="22FCAE56FF83FFA3F595380CFC15FECE" box="[904,966,337,358]" pageId="1" pageNumber="216">PKNS</collectionCode>
lake) that yielded more than
<specimenCount id="52EBFD1AFF83FFA3F2F7380CFAADFECE" box="[1258,1406,337,358]" pageId="1" pageNumber="216" type="generic">500 specimens</specimenCount>
, and one across the road from the
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="F4853CCEFF83FFA3F2763830FC03FE37" collectionCode="PKNS" collectorName="C. Yule" country="Malaysia" pageId="1" pageNumber="216" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="22FCAE56FF83FFA3F2763830FB78FE2A" box="[1131,1195,365,386]" pageId="1" pageNumber="216">PKNS</collectionCode>
lake (
<collectorName id="E9185345FF83FFA3F2EC3830FA94FE2A" box="[1265,1351,365,386]" pageId="1" pageNumber="216">C. Yule</collectorName>
, personal communication)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="44523693FF83FFA3F5303899FBDBFD2E" blockId="1.[813,1453,452,646]" pageId="1" pageNumber="216">
<emphasis id="7699EA81FF83FFA3F5303899FC48FE71" bold="true" box="[813,923,452,473]" pageId="1" pageNumber="216">
<collectingCountry id="3CFA7603FF83FFA3F5303899FC48FE71" box="[813,923,452,473]" name="Cambodia" pageId="1" pageNumber="216">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="7699EA81FF83FFA3F5B63899FC64FE71" bold="true" box="[939,951,452,473]" pageId="1" pageNumber="216">–</emphasis>
Approximately 75 individuals were collected in August and September, 2000, by Drs. Akifumi Ohtaka (Hirosaki University) and Haruo Katakura (Hokkaido University) near the northeastern part of Lake Tonle Sap, and near Phnom Penh. Qualitative collections were made with 0.1 mm- and 0.5 mm-mesh hand-nets. All specimens were fixed in formalin and later transferred to ethanol.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="44523693FF83FFA3F5303BF7FB29FCBE" blockId="1.[813,1452,682,790]" pageId="1" pageNumber="216">
<materialsCitation id="F4853CCEFF83FFA3F5303BF7FB25FCBE" collectingDate="2000-08-30" collectorName="A. Ohtaka &amp; H. Katakura" country="Cambodia" location="Lake Tonle Sap" pageId="1" pageNumber="216" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Siem Reap">
St. 2. Among aquatic vegetation (
<taxonomicName id="83ED4D10FF83FFA3F28F3BF7FAD6FD17" box="[1170,1285,682,703]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lentibulariaceae" genus="Utricularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="216" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7699EA81FF83FFA3F28F3BF7FAD6FD17" box="[1170,1285,682,703]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="216">Utricularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.) around tea vendor’s boat, Chongkneas,
<location id="41326048FF83FFA3F24C3B9AFB26FD74" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CC448785FF83FFA0F6EF3B1AFB3CFE50:41326048FF83FFA3F24C3B9AFB26FD74" box="[1105,1269,711,732]" country="Cambodia" name="Lake Tonle Sap" pageId="1" pageNumber="216" stateProvince="Siem Reap">Lake Tonle Sap</location>
, near
<collectingRegion id="8629F871FF83FFA3F32A3B9AFA7BFD74" box="[1335,1448,711,732]" country="Cambodia" name="Siem Reap" pageId="1" pageNumber="216">Siem Reap</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="3CFA7603FF83FFA3F5303BB9FC47FD51" box="[813,916,740,761]" name="Cambodia" pageId="1" pageNumber="216">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
, coll.
<collectorName id="E9185345FF83FFA3F5CD3BB9FBE7FD51" box="[976,1076,740,761]" pageId="1" pageNumber="216">A. Ohtaka</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="E9185345FF83FFA3F2783BB9FB33FD51" box="[1125,1248,740,761]" pageId="1" pageNumber="216">H. Katakura</collectorName>
,
<date id="30531053FF83FFA3F2F73BB9FABEFD51" box="[1258,1389,740,761]" pageId="1" pageNumber="216" value="2000-08-30">
<collectingDate id="2017E9BBFF83FFA3F2F73BB9FABEFD51" box="[1258,1389,740,761]" pageId="1" pageNumber="216" value="2000-08-30">30 Aug.2000</collectingDate>
</date>
. Four specimens of
<quantity id="83159B76FF83FFA3F5AB3A5CFBE4FCBE" box="[950,1079,769,790]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="216" unit="mm" value="1.95" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="1.2">1.2 - 2.7 mm</quantity>
in carapace length
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="44523693FF83FFA3F5303A67FBE8FBB1" blockId="1.[813,1452,826,1049]" pageId="1" pageNumber="216">
<materialsCitation id="F4853CCEFF83FFA3F5303A67FBE4FBB1" collectingDate="31 Aug. 2000 and 1 Sep. 2000" collectorName="A. Ohtaka &amp; H. Katakura" country="Cambodia" location="Lake Tonle Sap" pageId="1" pageNumber="216" specimenCount="35" stateProvince="Siem Reap">
St. 3. Several littoral sites with aquatic vegetation along shore of
<location id="41326048FF83FFA3F5303A0AFC11FCC4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CC448785FF83FFA0F6EF3B1AFB3CFE50:41326048FF83FFA3F5303A0AFC11FCC4" box="[813,962,855,876]" country="Cambodia" name="Lake Tonle Sap" pageId="1" pageNumber="216" stateProvince="Siem Reap">Lake Tonle Sap</location>
on both sides of causeway leading to Phnom Krom, near
<collectingRegion id="8629F871FF83FFA3F5433A29FC18FC21" box="[862,971,884,905]" country="Cambodia" name="Siem Reap" pageId="1" pageNumber="216">Siem Reap</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="3CFA7603FF83FFA3F5CB3A29FBEEFC21" box="[982,1085,884,905]" name="Cambodia" pageId="1" pageNumber="216">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
, coll.
<collectorName id="E9185345FF83FFA3F2643A29FB0EFC21" box="[1145,1245,884,905]" pageId="1" pageNumber="216">A. Ohtaka</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="E9185345FF83FFA3F3133A29FA5AFC21" box="[1294,1417,884,905]" pageId="1" pageNumber="216">H. Katakura</collectorName>
,
<collectingDate id="2017E9BBFF83FFA3F38E3A29FBFDFC0E" isEnumeration="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="216">
<date id="30531053FF83FFA3F38E3A29FC5DFC0E" pageId="1" pageNumber="216" value="2000-08-31">31 Aug.2000</date>
and
<date id="30531053FF83FFA3F5A03ACCFBFDFC0E" box="[957,1070,913,934]" pageId="1" pageNumber="216" value="2000-09-01">1 Sep.2000</date>
</collectingDate>
. About 70 individuals of
<quantity id="83159B76FF83FFA3F3333ACCFA7FFC0E" box="[1326,1452,913,934]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="216" unit="mm" value="2.2" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="0.9">0.9 - 3.5 mm</quantity>
in carapace length. Of the
<specimenCount id="52EBFD1AFF83FFA3F25D3AF0FB15FC6A" box="[1088,1222,941,962]" pageId="1" pageNumber="216" type="generic">35 specimens</specimenCount>
that were examined in detail, 15 with brood of spherical eggs, developed embryos, or bivalved young ready to be released; smallest brooding specimen
<quantity id="83159B76FF83FFA3F5303D59FCAAFBB1" box="[813,889,1028,1049]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="216" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
in carapace length
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="1092661BFF83FFA3F66F3E85FAB9F7EC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4618828" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4618828" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4618828/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="216" startId="1.[114,150,2008,2029]" targetBox="[329,1247,1072,1977]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="44523693FF83FFA3F66F3E85FAB9F7EC" blockId="1.[114,1452,2008,2116]" pageId="1" pageNumber="216">
Fig. 1. One of the largest individuals (3.1 mm at widest point across the carapace) of
<taxonomicName id="83ED4D10FF83FFA3F5DD3E84FB56F846" baseAuthorityName="BAIRD" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[960,1157,2009,2030]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Cyclestheriidae" genus="Cyclestheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="1" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hislopi">
<emphasis id="7699EA81FF83FFA3F5DD3E84FB56F846" box="[960,1157,2009,2030]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="216">Cyclestheria hislopi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Malaysia specimens (LACM CR 2001-011.1) reported herein. Large arrows indicate areas enlarged to show detail while the smaller arrows highlight characters unique to the species, such as the serrated anterior rostral border, tubular first antenna, and heavily spinose posterior region. Note also the nearly circular carapace valves and developing embryos within the valves, both of which are also characteristic of
<taxonomicName id="83ED4D10FF83FFA3F2F53172FAB4F7EC" authorityName="G.O.Sars" authorityYear="1887" box="[1256,1383,2095,2116]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Cyclestheriidae" genus="Cyclestheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="1" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyclestheria</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="44523693FF80FFA0F695399CFE61FEA7" blockId="2.[136,775,193,271]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">
St. 8. Paddy field at Pich Nil near Kompong Speu, near Phnom Penh, coll. A. Ohtaka and H. Katakura,
<date id="30531053FF80FFA0F41F3980FDA1FF5A" box="[514,626,221,242]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" value="2000-09-07">7 Sep.2000</date>
. One specimen of
<quantity id="83159B76FF80FFA0F6B939A7FF23FEA7" box="[164,240,250,271]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
in carapace length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="44523693FF80FFA0F6953869FE8CFE71" blockId="2.[136,775,308,473]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">
<materialsCitation id="F4853CCEFF80FFA0F6953869FE8FFE71" country="Japan" county="Graduate School of Science" location="Lake Biwa Museum" municipality="Division of Biological Sciences" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Shiga">
Most of the above-mentioned material has been deposited in the
<location id="41326048FF80FFA0F695380CFE8CFECE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CC448785FF83FFA0F6EF3B1AFB3CFE50:41326048FF80FFA0F695380CFE8CFECE" box="[136,351,337,358]" country="Japan" county="Graduate School of Science" municipality="Division of Biological Sciences" name="Lake Biwa Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" stateProvince="Shiga">Lake Biwa Museum</location>
(
<collectingRegion id="8629F871FF80FFA0F76D380CFDF6FECE" box="[368,549,337,358]" country="Japan" name="Shiga" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Shiga Prefecture</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="3CFA7603FF80FFA0F429380CFDA0FECE" box="[564,627,337,358]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Japan</collectingCountry>
), but voucher specimens comprising approximately one third of the most abundant lot (St. 3) have been deposited in the
<collectingMunicipality id="A436ACE9FF80FFA0F49238D7FE88FE14" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Division of Biological Sciences</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="AD334E1FFF80FFA0F77438FAFD47FE14" box="[361,660,423,444]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Graduate School of Science</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingRegion id="8629F871FF80FFA0F4BE38FAFCD4FE14" box="[675,775,423,444]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
University (Sapporo)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="44523693FF80FFA0F69538A0FDFCFD51" blockId="2.[136,775,509,761]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">
<materialsCitation id="F4853CCEFF80FFA0F69538A0FDFFFDE4" collectingDate="2001-03-03" collectorName="Bogor &amp; Java &amp; A. Ohtaka &amp; Y. Sudarso" country="Indonesia" county="Of" location="Lake Bojongsari" municipality="Forty-four" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" specimenCount="29" stateProvince="Jawa Timur">
<emphasis id="7699EA81FF80FFA0F69538A0FF6AFDBA" bold="true" box="[136,185,509,530]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">
<collectingRegion id="8629F871FF80FFA0F69538A0FF6AFDBA" box="[136,185,509,530]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Java</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
. –
<location id="41326048FF80FFA0F6CA38A0FEAFFDBA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CC448785FF83FFA0F6EF3B1AFB3CFE50:41326048FF80FFA0F6CA38A0FEAFFDBA" box="[215,380,509,530]" country="Indonesia" county="Of" municipality="Forty-four" name="Lake Bojongsari" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" stateProvince="Jawa Timur">Lake Bojongsari</location>
,
<collectorName id="E9185345FF80FFA0F79838A0FE17FDBA" box="[389,452,509,530]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Bogor</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="E9185345FF80FFA0F7D238A0FE2EFDBA" box="[463,509,509,530]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Java</collectorName>
,
<collectingCountry id="3CFA7603FF80FFA0F41B38A0FDB4FDBA" box="[518,615,509,530]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, coll.
<collectorName id="E9185345FF80FFA0F4BE38A0FCD5FDBA" box="[675,774,509,530]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">A. Ohtaka</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="E9185345FF80FFA0F6AF3B47FEF1FD87" box="[178,290,538,559]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Y. Sudarso</collectorName>
,
<date id="30531053FF80FFA0F7303B47FE70FD87" box="[301,419,538,559]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" value="2001-03-03">
<collectingDate id="2017E9BBFF80FFA0F7303B47FE70FD87" box="[301,419,538,559]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" value="2001-03-03">3 Mar.2001</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<collectingMunicipality id="A436ACE9FF80FFA0F7A93B47FDC9FD87" box="[436,538,538,559]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Forty-four</collectingMunicipality>
individuals of
<quantity id="83159B76FF80FFA0F4AD3B47FF7DFDE4" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="3.6" valueMin="0.9">0.9 – 3.6 mm</quantity>
in carapace length.
<collectingCounty id="AD334E1FFF80FFA0F79E3B6AFE4EFDE4" box="[387,413,567,588]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Of</collectingCounty>
<specimenCount id="52EBFD1AFF80FFA0F7B83B6AFDFFFDE4" box="[421,556,567,588]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" type="generic">29 specimens</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="F4853CCEFF80FFA0F4293B6AFDF8FD51" collectorName="Dr. Ohtaka's" country="Indonesia" location="Lake Biwa Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" specimenCount="44" stateProvince="Java">
examined in detail, 5 brooding spherical eggs, 2 brooding developed embryos; smallest brooding specimen
<quantity id="83159B76FF80FFA0F7573B2CFE45FD2E" box="[330,406,625,646]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" unit="mm" value="2.4">2.4 mm</quantity>
in carapace length. The sample is to be divided between the
<location id="41326048FF80FFA0F76B3BD0FDEDFD0A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CC448785FF83FFA0F6EF3B1AFB3CFE50:41326048FF80FFA0F76B3BD0FDEDFD0A" box="[374,574,653,674]" country="Indonesia" name="Lake Biwa Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" stateProvince="Java">Lake Biwa Museum</location>
(
<specimenCount id="52EBFD1AFF80FFA0F4513BD0FD0BFD0A" box="[588,728,653,674]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" type="generic">29 specimens</specimenCount>
), the Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (Bogor,
<collectingCountry id="3CFA7603FF80FFA0F4703BF7FD0FFD17" box="[621,732,682,703]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
;
<specimenCount id="52EBFD1AFF80FFA0F4F03BF7FF26FD74" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" type="generic">10 specimens</specimenCount>
), and
<collectorName id="E9185345FF80FFA0F7253B9AFE6EFD74" box="[312,445,711,732]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Dr. Ohtaka’s</collectorName>
personal collection at Hirosaki University (Hirosaki,
<collectingCountry id="3CFA7603FF80FFA0F77C3BB9FE4FFD51" box="[353,412,740,761]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Japan</collectingCountry>
;
<specimenCount id="52EBFD1AFF80FFA0F7BB3BB9FDF7FD51" box="[422,548,740,761]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" type="generic">5 specimens</specimenCount>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="44523693FF80FFA0F6953A40FDD1F91D" blockId="2.[136,775,797,1717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">
<emphasis id="7699EA81FF80FFA0F6953A40FDE8FC9D" bold="true" box="[136,571,797,821]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Morphology and Identification. –</emphasis>
The distinctive morphology of
<taxonomicName id="83ED4D10FF80FFA0F7563A63FD90FCFD" baseAuthorityName="BAIRD" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[331,579,830,853]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Cyclestheriidae" genus="Cyclestheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hislopi">
<emphasis id="7699EA81FF80FFA0F7563A63FD90FCFD" box="[331,579,830,853]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Cyclestheria hislopi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="DCD62A16FF80FFA0F4443A63FD77FCFD" box="[601,676,830,853]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[114,150,2008,2029]" captionTargetBox="[329,1247,1072,1977]" captionTargetId="figure-521@1.[318,1248,1053,1989]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. One of the largest individuals (3.1 mm at widest point across the carapace) of Cyclestheria hislopi from the Malaysia specimens (LACM CR 2001-011.1) reported herein. Large arrows indicate areas enlarged to show detail while the smaller arrows highlight characters unique to the species, such as the serrated anterior rostral border, tubular first antenna, and heavily spinose posterior region. Note also the nearly circular carapace valves and developing embryos within the valves, both of which are also characteristic of Cyclestheria." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4618828" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4618828/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) makes identification of this species relatively easy throughout its range. The nearly circular carapace (carapace height 85 – 88% of length in Cambodian and Javan specimens of brooding size), serrated anterodorsal border of the rostrum, lack of a fornix on the rostrum, simple tubular antennule, and spinose telson, when considered together, are characters unique among the bivalved branchiopods. Additionally, it is the only clam shrimp that completes its embryonic development within the confines of the carapace valves (
<figureCitation id="DCD62A16FF80FFA0F4C13D03FF46FB3D" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[114,150,2008,2029]" captionTargetBox="[329,1247,1072,1977]" captionTargetId="figure-521@1.[318,1248,1053,1989]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. One of the largest individuals (3.1 mm at widest point across the carapace) of Cyclestheria hislopi from the Malaysia specimens (LACM CR 2001-011.1) reported herein. Large arrows indicate areas enlarged to show detail while the smaller arrows highlight characters unique to the species, such as the serrated anterior rostral border, tubular first antenna, and heavily spinose posterior region. Note also the nearly circular carapace valves and developing embryos within the valves, both of which are also characteristic of Cyclestheria." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4618828" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4618828/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). In contrast, the young of other members of the group hatch from eggs at a nauplius stage.
<taxonomicName id="83ED4D10FF80FFA0F4313DC3FCD5FB1D" baseAuthorityName="BAIRD" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[556,774,1182,1205]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Cyclestheriidae" genus="Cyclestheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hislopi">
<emphasis id="7699EA81FF80FFA0F4313DC3FCD5FB1D" box="[556,774,1182,1205]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Cyclestheria hislopi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also passes through a series of larval stages, some of which are perhaps the equivalent of a naupliar stage, but these stages occur within the confines of the egg membrane prior to eclosion at “larval stage
<collectionCode id="22FCAE56FF80FFA0F78A3C43FE7FFA9D" box="[407,428,1310,1333]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
” (see
<bibRefCitation id="207C4B62FF80FFA0F7EF3C43FD56FA9D" author="Olesen, J" box="[498,645,1310,1333]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" pagination="163 - 184" refId="ref3018" refString="Olesen, J., 1999. Larval and post-larval development of the branchiopod clam shrimp Cyclestheria hislopi (Baird, 1859) (Crustacea, Branchiopoda, Conchostraca, Spinicaudata. Acta Zoologica (Stockholm), 80: 163 - 184." type="journal article" year="1999">Olesen, 1999</bibRefCitation>
). Although only about 40% (26 of 64) of the Malaysian specimens were in some stage of ovigery (i.e., with eggs or embryos carried beneath the carapace or with developing eggs visible through the trunk cuticle), nearly all of the specimens that appeared mature enough to bear eggs were doing so. Most specimens without any sign of eggs were very small. Larger specimens, such as the one depicted in
<figureCitation id="DCD62A16FF80FFA0F7B03CA3FE39F9BD" box="[429,490,1534,1557]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[114,150,2008,2029]" captionTargetBox="[329,1247,1072,1977]" captionTargetId="figure-521@1.[318,1248,1053,1989]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. One of the largest individuals (3.1 mm at widest point across the carapace) of Cyclestheria hislopi from the Malaysia specimens (LACM CR 2001-011.1) reported herein. Large arrows indicate areas enlarged to show detail while the smaller arrows highlight characters unique to the species, such as the serrated anterior rostral border, tubular first antenna, and heavily spinose posterior region. Note also the nearly circular carapace valves and developing embryos within the valves, both of which are also characteristic of Cyclestheria." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4618828" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4618828/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
, had larger and more fully developed embryos, and indeed some of the individuals counted by us as “nonovigerous” were probably just recently hatched. As has been the case with nearly all previous collections of this species, no males were found (for an exception see
<bibRefCitation id="207C4B62FF80FFA0F7393FC3FE26F91D" author="Olesen, J" box="[292,501,1694,1717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" pagination="291 - 316" refId="ref3062" refString="Olesen, J., J. W. Martin &amp; E. W. Roessler, 1996. External morphology of the male of Cyclestheria hislop i (Baird, 1859) (Crustacea, Branchiopoda, Spinicaudata), with a comparison of male claspers among the Conchostraca and Cladocera and its bearing on phylogeny of the ' bivalved' Branchiopoda. Zoologica Scripta, 25 (4): 291 - 316." type="journal article" year="1996">Olesen et al., 1996</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="44523693FF80FFA0F6953F83FE6FF79D" blockId="2.[136,775,1758,2101]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">
<taxonomicName id="83ED4D10FF80FFA0F6953F83FE8CF95D" baseAuthorityName="BAIRD" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[136,351,1758,1781]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Cyclestheriidae" genus="Cyclestheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hislopi">
<emphasis id="7699EA81FF80FFA0F6953F83FE8CF95D" box="[136,351,1758,1781]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Cyclestheria hislopi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has no close relatives. It is probably the only representative of its family, the
<taxonomicName id="83ED4D10FF80FFA0F42B3FA3FD35F8BD" box="[566,742,1790,1813]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Cyclestheriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cyclestheriidae</taxonomicName>
. A second species described in that family,
<taxonomicName id="83ED4D10FF80FFA0F4523E43FE74F8FD" authority="Shen &amp; Dai, 1987" authorityName="Shen &amp; Dai" authorityYear="1987" class="Branchiopoda" family="Cyclestheriidae" genus="Paracyclestheria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis id="7699EA81FF80FFA0F4523E43FF0EF8FD" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Paracyclestheria sinensis</emphasis>
Shen &amp; Dai, 1987
</taxonomicName>
, from
<collectingCountry id="3CFA7603FF80FFA0F7F13E63FDFCF8FD" box="[492,559,1854,1877]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">China</collectingCountry>
, was possibly based on juvenile stages of
<taxonomicName id="83ED4D10FF80FFA0F7693E03FE0DF8DD" baseAuthorityName="BAIRD" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[372,478,1886,1909]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Cyclestheriidae" genus="Cyclestheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hislopi">
<emphasis id="7699EA81FF80FFA0F7693E03FE0DF8DD" box="[372,478,1886,1909]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">C. hislopi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, according to
<bibRefCitation id="207C4B62FF80FFA0F4633E03FF00F83D" author="Olesen, J" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" pagination="291 - 316" refId="ref3062" refString="Olesen, J., J. W. Martin &amp; E. W. Roessler, 1996. External morphology of the male of Cyclestheria hislop i (Baird, 1859) (Crustacea, Branchiopoda, Spinicaudata), with a comparison of male claspers among the Conchostraca and Cladocera and its bearing on phylogeny of the ' bivalved' Branchiopoda. Zoologica Scripta, 25 (4): 291 - 316." type="journal article" year="1996">Olesen et al. (1996)</bibRefCitation>
. The relationship of the family
<taxonomicName id="83ED4D10FF80FFA0F45C3E23FD3AF83D" box="[577,745,1918,1941]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Cyclestheriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cyclestheriidae</taxonomicName>
to other groups of branchiopods remains unclear; the family has been placed in the
<taxonomicName id="83ED4D10FF80FFA0F78B3EE3FDF6F87D" authorityName="Linder" authorityYear="1945" box="[406,549,1982,2005]" order="Spinicaudata" pageId="2" pageNumber="218" rank="order">Spinicaudata</taxonomicName>
(among the former
<taxonomicName id="83ED4D10FF80FFA0F6953E83FECEF85D" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1867" box="[136,285,2014,2037]" order="Conchostraca" pageId="2" pageNumber="215" rank="order">Conchostraca</taxonomicName>
) or placed in its own suborder
<taxonomicName id="83ED4D10FF80FFA0F46E3E83FCD4F85D" box="[627,775,2014,2037]" class="Branchiopoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Cyclestherida">Cyclestherida</taxonomicName>
(see discussions in Martin &amp; Davis, 2001; Spears &amp; Abele, 2000;
<bibRefCitation id="207C4B62FF80FFA0F6D33143FE63F79D" author="Braband, A &amp; Richter, R" box="[206,432,2078,2101]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" pagination="229 - 244" refId="ref2504" refString="Braband, A., S. Richter, R. Hiesel &amp; G. Scholtz, 2002. Phylogenetic relationships within the Phyllopoda (Crustacea, Branchiopoda) based on mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 25: 229 - 244." type="journal article" year="2002">Braband et al., 2002</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0CF76518FF80FFA0F55E399CFB3CFE50" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="44523693FF80FFA0F55E399CFB3CFE50" blockId="2.[835,1474,193,504]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">
<emphasis id="7699EA81FF80FFA0F55E399CFC2CFF71" bold="true" box="[835,1023,193,217]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Distribution. –</emphasis>
In their description of the male of
<taxonomicName id="83ED4D10FF80FFA0F55E39BCFADAFF50" authority=", Olesen et al. (1996)" authorityName="Olesen" authorityYear="1996" box="[835,1289,225,248]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Cyclestheriidae" genus="Cyclestheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hislopi">
<emphasis id="7699EA81FF80FFA0F55E39BCFBCEFF50" box="[835,1053,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Cyclestheria hislopi</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="207C4B62FF80FFA0F23339BCFADAFF50" author="Olesen, J" box="[1070,1289,225,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" pagination="291 - 316" refId="ref3062" refString="Olesen, J., J. W. Martin &amp; E. W. Roessler, 1996. External morphology of the male of Cyclestheria hislop i (Baird, 1859) (Crustacea, Branchiopoda, Spinicaudata), with a comparison of male claspers among the Conchostraca and Cladocera and its bearing on phylogeny of the ' bivalved' Branchiopoda. Zoologica Scripta, 25 (4): 291 - 316." type="journal article" year="1996">Olesen et al. (1996)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
listed all known occurrences of the species worldwide.
<taxonomicName id="83ED4D10FF80FFA0F2F7385CFA11FEB0" box="[1258,1474,257,280]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Cyclestheriidae" genus="Cyclestheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hislopi">
<emphasis id="7699EA81FF80FFA0F2F7385CFA11FEB0" box="[1258,1474,257,280]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Cyclestheria hislopi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a circumtropical distribution, occurring from approximately 30
<superScript id="B3989BDBFF80FFA0F21E3862FBD8FEE5" attach="left" box="[1027,1035,319,333]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">o</superScript>
N to 35
<superScript id="B3989BDBFF80FFA0F2753862FBA3FEE5" attach="left" box="[1128,1136,319,333]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">o</superScript>
S latitude. In Southeast Asia,
<bibRefCitation id="207C4B62FF80FFA0F55E383CFBF1FED0" author="Olesen, J" box="[835,1058,353,376]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" pagination="291 - 316" refId="ref3062" refString="Olesen, J., J. W. Martin &amp; E. W. Roessler, 1996. External morphology of the male of Cyclestheria hislop i (Baird, 1859) (Crustacea, Branchiopoda, Spinicaudata), with a comparison of male claspers among the Conchostraca and Cladocera and its bearing on phylogeny of the ' bivalved' Branchiopoda. Zoologica Scripta, 25 (4): 291 - 316." type="journal article" year="1996">Olesen et al. (1996)</bibRefCitation>
mapped it in
<collectingCountry id="3CFA7603FF80FFA0F2DF383CFAF1FED0" box="[1218,1314,353,376]" name="Thailand" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Thailand</collectingCountry>
(based on the record of
<bibRefCitation id="207C4B62FF80FFA0F5AD38DCFBF9FE30" author="Junk, W" box="[944,1066,385,408]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" pagination="229 - 238" refId="ref2740" refString="Junk, W. J., 1977. The invertebrate fauna of the floating vegetation of Bung Borafet, a reservoir in Central Thailand. Hydrobiologia, 53: 229 - 238." type="journal article" year="1977">Junk, 1977</bibRefCitation>
) and in Sumatra, Java, and Sulawesi (based on
<bibRefCitation id="207C4B62FF80FFA0F5A938FCFB96FE10" author="Brehm, V" box="[948,1093,417,440]" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" pagination="111 - 119" refId="ref2551" refString="Brehm, V., 1939. Einige Phyllopoden und Ostracoden aus Belgisch Congo. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 32 (1): 111 - 119." type="journal article" year="1939">Brehm, 1939</bibRefCitation>
). Based on the known distribution of
<taxonomicName id="83ED4D10FF80FFA0F57E389CFC1DFE70" box="[867,974,449,472]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Cyclestheriidae" genus="Cyclestheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="2" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hislopi">
<emphasis id="7699EA81FF80FFA0F57E389CFC1DFE70" box="[867,974,449,472]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">C. hislopi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, our new records of the species in
<collectingCountry id="3CFA7603FF80FFA0F344389CFA6CFE70" box="[1369,1471,449,472]" name="Malaysia" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
, Java, and
<collectingCountry id="3CFA7603FF80FFA0F5AC38BCFBF3FE50" box="[945,1056,481,504]" name="Cambodia" pageId="2" pageNumber="217">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
are not surprising.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

108
data/CC/44/9C/CC449C83028B189F305AA18B6C2358B5.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297124" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316519" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3f0f641c-cd4b-4694-8e47-c47be23ac2a9" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905116760" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. &amp; Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="CC449C83028B189F305AA18B6C2358B5" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Carnivora.532-628.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="Meles anakuma Temminck 1844" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="E69BF2968277AF6992A8FF32E9D4E7ED" lastPageNumber="611" masterDocId="E69BF2968277AF6992A8FF32E9D4E7ED" masterDocTitle="Order Carnivora" masterLastPageNumber="628" masterPageNumber="532" pageNumber="611" updateTime="1716792096583" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="1774666821C6DD99F397C73398948457" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="9197D40FE0BE0E5F5F6D90ED846DBC58">
<mods:title id="C9EE729323B8CD52A46A7BE97E47E2EA">Order Carnivora</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="F5B07596312B032D9B1DA6102EDD61B2" type="personal">
<mods:role id="45F6ABC3B9159E2B32877AA9BC7F8108">
<mods:roleTerm id="1E406531327439F7E9D7CBA606211101">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A972F7B0A5FE6D9CC64C998739B227C7">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="1668C3D48C63A211370278BA557F1101" type="personal">
<mods:role id="00A557EE337A386707BEA1DE85C1726F">
<mods:roleTerm id="ECAB104A5329F2C3DAFB604E98B759FD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="4AF85E5D17FA0791A2BDC0C0F4E161E8">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="27D1B2BAEE8C02AE37071804963557BF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="8938E000C8729C6D77E5380D9868DB61" type="host">
<mods:originInfo id="7FC6AF0E6825FAB3606CEFE3BDA93B36">
<mods:dateIssued id="1A4B47367F07649D0F28C12A32626B45">2005</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:publisher id="BF61FF3C0DBC4D570FC78C4587E154F0">The Johns Hopkins University Press</mods:publisher>
<mods:place id="EB5726558447BF222118526380FCE56D">
<mods:placeTerm id="F428567894AC9BB5498E12E4D507314C">Baltimore</mods:placeTerm>
</mods:place>
</mods:originInfo>
<mods:titleInfo id="405CEBAF8807DB694BEB37EB7EC9BB9A">
<mods:title id="51074E442B65F0ED74CEFC1186296F78">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="1A47D7F216C3BB60492EB18374D52331">
<mods:extent id="68F63E6B25FCFD1CD518D90ACF168C2C" unit="page">
<mods:start id="7F7097F4789C218C392B85C2FB8D633B">532</mods:start>
<mods:end id="A69940D632D038D49CA4A079FD94192F">628</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="2B9522E186EB7428D9073C07477CE3AB">book chapter</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="25D0225244461A1A0BA55211B2E41A9E" type="ISBN">0-8018-8221-4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6C46BDCA4560DE3FB893EE065EDDD6E5" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.7316519</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="CC449C83028B189F305AA18B6C2358B5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11345502" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231547880" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11345502" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CC449C83028B189F305AA18B6C2358B5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC449C83028B189F305AA18B6C2358B5" lastPageNumber="611" pageNumber="611" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14001276">
<subSubSection id="D99202EBE4C75ED199A9B99EF9BFE53C" pageNumber="611" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F6BB8C8AA10E4952092944E4BACB0DEE" pageNumber="611">
<taxonomicName id="2011E91FFF2ED8C3ECFCB388F377280B" ID-CoL="3ZDRJ" authority="Temminck 1844" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1844" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Meles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="611" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anakuma">
<emphasis id="328494FED2DAFBCD8848386C4C08222F" italics="true" pageNumber="611">Meles anakuma</emphasis>
Temminck 1844
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1DD44F0201AEDCDCCC408817C1E66ED8" pageNumber="611" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="D23418A200BC473F8815EDE47BCD195C" pageNumber="611">
<treatmentCitation id="92B077311699EE169EEC860CB64CB2AF" author="Temminck" authority="Temminck 1844" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1844" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Meles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" page="pl. 6" pageNumber="611" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anakuma" title="Meles anakuma" volumeTitle="Fauna Japonica, Mamm., Vol. 30" year="1844">
<taxonomicName id="98C2BD4A9E8FC678D78A36898488A2AE" ID-CoL="3ZDRJ" authority="Temminck 1844" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1844" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Meles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="611" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anakuma">
<emphasis id="6A6AE24BAF53C307B60FC554C16648F3" italics="true" pageNumber="611">Meles anakuma</emphasis>
Temminck 1844
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibCitation id="5B832EF20DFF946ACFF8081DF0F27E80" author="Temminck" pageNumber="611" pagination="pl. 6" title="Meles anakuma" volumeTitle="Fauna Japonica, Mamm., Vol. 30" year="1844">
Fauna
<taxonomicName id="A6C697C6610D4CD032CCD9CF0AC0DA28" authority=", Mamm., Vol." authorityName="Mamm., Vol." class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Felis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="japonica">Japonica, Mamm., Vol.</taxonomicName>
30: pl. 6
</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="49F27473FC0126E70173B4BD7D4988FB" pageNumber="611" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0A75BC42EF4E049214A213EADDF815B2" pageNumber="611">
<emphasis id="0C20D7286155BD9E59C83971A129ABAF" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="611">Type Locality:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="A4EEC2DC4DFAC333928F6F196B047D81" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867350586" country="Japan" pageNumber="611" stateProvince="Nagasaki">
&quot;Environs of
<collectingRegion id="9FDC9E5B4F2BF0AE436B04FC18491BA7" country="Japan" name="Nagasaki">Nagasaki</collectingRegion>
et d’Awa,&quot; [
<collectingCountry id="8F6043B6E9BCF6DACAEE9D2627661DC4" name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
].
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2550E6089B0B027E73BDE83AB670DED6" pageNumber="611" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="4697BF193D6D8B797C38770C1C57A6FF" pageNumber="611">
<emphasis id="704C057CB345C4270CA053F68D0312C1" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="611">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="00C0C84634D0463D1EE30674154CE907" language="eng" pageNumber="611">Japanese Badger</vernacularName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3D71C85ECFCE8A6DB97E26437FA2BF48" pageNumber="611" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="D00B279F7B98F1DB3E67FAFE5F293BC9" pageNumber="611">
<emphasis id="BD1E89951646935F01C5F75CD9731D10" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="611">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="66D015B92EABC709995DD5CFE0429891" name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
(Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="91DAEDC4258A6FA428F4ACA6D1989F1A" pageNumber="611" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="1E62DE9F28255458AE771A2DEDAB9037" pageNumber="611">
<emphasis id="72830B9F3F0DC3D98BDF2BC54DCB08A7" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="611">Discussion:</emphasis>
Heptner et al. (1967) and
<bibRefCitation id="823828B48F7537BCD07360B7B4A85E2A" author="Baryshnikov, G. F. &amp; O. R. Potapova" refId="ref22340" refString="Baryshnikov, G. F., and O. R. Potapova. 1990. [Variability of the dental system in badgers (Meles, Carnivora) in the USSR fauna.] Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 69: 84 - 97 (in Russian)." year="1990">Baryshnikov and Potapova (1990)</bibRefCitation>
considered
<taxonomicName id="211B500D1558960869E3360ED3C29EAF" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1844" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Meles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anakuma">
<emphasis id="FAF10817F7B1AC2F76CCD199B2614146" italics="true" pageNumber="611">anakuma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a subspecies of Asian badger. However,
<bibRefCitation id="8D2E02024E5B3902C038816BF8BAD587" author="Abramov, A. V." refId="ref787" refString="Abramov, A. V. 2001. [Notes on the taxonomy of the Siberian badgers (Mustelidae: Meles)]. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, 288: 221 - 233 (In Russian)." year="2001">Abramov (2001</bibRefCitation>
, 2002) supported the recognition of these forms as distinct.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

295
data/CC/44/D4/CC44D42B102FF81C27E2CCC34F018B35.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-231-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="0D762CF99C605B04AF072C867EEB1488" ModsDocID="1314-2003-231-1" checkinTime="1693383686345" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Knapp, Sandra, Saerkinen, Tiina &amp; Barboza, Gloria E." docDate="2023" docId="CC44D42B102FF81C27E2CCC34F018B35" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 231: 1-342" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 231" docPubDate="2023-08-29" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894" docTitle="Solanum caesium Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 24: 252. 1879." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="0D762CF99C605B04AF072C867EEB1488" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="0D762CF99C605B04AF072C867EEB1488" masterDocTitle="A revision of the South American species of the Morelloid clade (Solanum L., Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="342" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1693383686345" updateUser="pensoft">
<mods:mods id="ACCEF503B370B403BB48E406FB9A8108" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="35D72F3B2531D3A3104EC3305C92316A">
<mods:title id="4D3B3BADCBBD33412C80F485F10D35D8">A revision of the South American species of the Morelloid clade (Solanum L., Solanaceae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="6F218A9793BFF74FFB52C66F3980E472" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C2F8A21DAD3020E29C940B5C3F9FFD9F">
<mods:roleTerm id="CDF406A9A323D7FFC633614C5366334F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="04F5744A5F1F309C64AEF283A2A36D99">Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="07F7059753FD5C5D8485596974119556" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-3945</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="B38039CAD87AB264D520BB011F5E589F">Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9E958910CDEE15B1E3F77C81F39F3061" type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="0E2F5B470BD909E184F231F21E16E96D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E13DC2A7AD433555BB5184F04B5016AB">
<mods:roleTerm id="7AAD510949072711DC90DBDB2CED1D60">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="3902BBCD52A3F5CF95147B1A46A7FFA9">Saerkinen, Tiina</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9D72C7955D13B524EC9DB3536574A4A3" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6956-3093</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="DE9F2252BDC8CCAA66C17099EBBE20D2">Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20 A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH 3 5 LR, UK</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="4554675B19E5F48EE1EE2807AE146CD3" type="personal">
<mods:role id="5BE38686BC2DF9FBE5C2B24B73EA0B5D">
<mods:roleTerm id="AB082C822E5B7540A7A51B0950265B19">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="797A97E774D34A9F2AFBCE2CEDA1B3EF">Barboza, Gloria E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C57D7BBB77E3262A886DD5789BE0FAAF" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1085-036X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="7A232D6399FB222995FA0A0860A10947">Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="B41F6135369F6EDBDFE7367C930024E8">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="C43F2633C9ED218C20CA28028D5CBED0" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="8001A699CD0848662D299591D336E799">
<mods:title id="5AD07045E7BBFF6C957595E6A0AB3035">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="B4E6AD25F41C8A73176F162D39592F0B">
<mods:date id="C6D3C13B7513672F561B645E74BE82DB">2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="933038D48D05E18335E969B8F660F84E" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="5200CF033606F3BCA8B5A2ED385A6A5E">2023-08-29</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="DBB599987950236AABB23CD30F18110B" type="volume">
<mods:number id="B3F314F9A7E69AF0B77FFDC6955234F4">231</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="7673DFB222A1F704E8E4CCFA7FA5A9CB" unit="page">
<mods:start id="92B072A514131EC4B6FEBA75AF4904CE">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="752E08159AEC040D21D763747BC63FA8">342</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="7794310F47E0592EE2B0705D93B55B69">
<mods:url id="32EB4DDF7E3420414D7FB29D84D9A27D">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="19A63B9B3A6B77AC415E1A05F42A5BD0">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="915A0DE8FEC82E9FBBF4527F4EA51C83" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1E48998929867B8B62125C4043E568DC" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-231-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9515E963C510A5EB9613D9C0ABEC0065" type="Pensoft-UUID">0D762CF99C605B04AF072C867EEB1488</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="CC44D42B102FF81C27E2CCC34F018B35" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CC44D42B102FF81C27E2CCC34F018B35" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC44D42B102FF81C27E2CCC34F018B35" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="F506B090C55156197B17C2FE7D694620" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A0ED285738F146E6C3C6F5EF94EA6798" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
10.
<taxonomicName id="6BF0928F82B893A02FB29434C61B1A92" ID-CoL="4XZSZ" ID-ENA="205533" authority="Griseb., Abh. Koenigl. Ges. Wiss. Goettingen 24: 252. 1879." authorityName="Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 24: 252. 1879." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum caesium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caesium">
Solanum caesium Griseb., Abh.
<normalizedToken id="4EF2B53B1F383A9A2D41C6F5923E879F" originalValue="Königl">Koenigl</normalizedToken>
. Ges. Wiss.
<normalizedToken id="ABDE1BB490719DB7556408B8E9590E7B" originalValue="Göttingen">Goettingen</normalizedToken>
24: 252. 1879.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9531207E707987290D9203450A39AE6D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="EA20E0FE6A8DA44C4023C7BAA647A121" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation id="F734361E1B59B8115DDDBD873268173C" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="F32" captionText="Figure 32. Solanum caesium A branch with flowers and fruits B calyx C flower D dissected flower E stamen, dorsal view F stamen, ventral view G gynoecium H fruit I seed (A-I Barboza et al. 2249). Illustration by L. Ribulgo. Previously published in Barboza et al. (2013: 240)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897493" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 32</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="CEA7426A6E6F51E35FD69B27B55F2239" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figure 33. Solanum caesium A habit B inflorescence with buds and flowers C infructescence with developing fruits D mature fruits (A, C, D Barboza et al. 3530 B Barboza et al. 3541). Photos by S. Knapp." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897494" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 33</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1E2D4C3C0DCAC18E485C94DC5BA54CC3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="542386226B20BD26EB22DCC481587170" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="00538573BC173C2AC7CEC773774DC53B" authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="1914" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum oranense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oranense">Solanum oranense</taxonomicName>
Bitter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 170. 1914. Type. Argentina: Salta:
<normalizedToken id="377F03C18783EC5036032DE32DBB02B3" originalValue="Orán">Oran</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken id="F2CA05DF5F2F557A0572DD9BFB559FA0" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
de las Piedras, 3 Nov 1911,
<emphasis id="312508F08A05F235727F4D21DC3AFA7F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. Lillo 10884</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated by
<bibRefCitation id="8AA5F5AAED5598B8772994A54BD6C02D" author="Barboza, GE" editor="Anton, AM" journalOrPublisher=") Flora Argentina (Vol. 13), Solanaceae. IOBDA- IMBIV, CONICET: Buenos Aires &amp; Cordoba, Argentina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="231 - 264" refId="B10" refString="Barboza, GE, Knapp, S, Saerkinen, T, 2013. Grupo VII. Moreloide. In: Anton, AM, Zuloaga, FO, Eds., Barboza GE (Coord.) Flora Argentina (Vol. 13), Solanaceae. IOBDA- IMBIV, CONICET: Buenos Aires &amp; Cordoba, Argentina: 231 - 264" title="Grupo VII. Moreloide." volumeTitle="Barboza GE (Coord." year="2013">Barboza et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 240: LIL [LIL001450]; isolectotypes: G, LIL [LIL001451], SI [051837, 075020]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C96E5244F5F217F55E3E22C1425C913A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="1B43D0803C21555CE7037D94E065FFB2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<typeStatus id="3F9D3C68EDA18578C8796E14C96F4997">Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE37B480B56BD57F3AD0476E702867BF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation id="A46C10502DB312316EFC2AC7BD6299C4" collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" country="Argentina" location="Salta" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Salta" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="4FD58DC48AF26A0A9B93A0E1D837AE3D" name="Argentina">Argentina</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="1D559E57686D02A43E2FD03851542E99" country="Argentina" name="Salta">Salta</collectingRegion>
: Dpto
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="1F6D8AF72CE4FA2776DBBA2DB37BCB4B" collectingDate="1873-10-17" collectorName="P. G. Lorentz, G. Hieronymus" country="Oran" location="Rio Blanco" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<normalizedToken id="8ED97C656EADF20A4F4AC416F69F582B" originalValue="Orán">
<collectingCountry id="831FD1A9DAB09E43ABD8FC5202E993B5" name="Algeria">Oran</collectingCountry>
</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken id="1CCCD122AB3B7D6E8EAAC22615408922" originalValue="“Río">
&quot;
<location id="51D00303EA862D9696B9E1C0691BE842" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CC44D42B102FF81C27E2CCC34F018B35:51D00303EA862D9696B9E1C0691BE842" country="Oran" name="Rio Blanco">Rio Blanco</location>
</normalizedToken>
, bei
<collectingCountry id="141D4ADA461265405C24A0C98FC0684B" name="Algeria">Oran</collectingCountry>
&quot;,
<collectingDate id="B17E87F3B7F202A9F0686EDF99DDBA80" value="1873-10-17">17 Oct 1873</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis id="0774FFBD348A807849F5A948C31515BA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectorName id="316D464C37065CCE01D0C5DAADB63413">P.G. Lorentz</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="B6F905AE26E611E3D3B478302FA90CF2">G. Hieronymus</collectorName>
351
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="6A4128F483CB8644ED29AE494625D7B4">lectotype</typeStatus>
, designated by
<bibRefCitation id="F29906412876027CF159254F3FD2A6A7" author="Barboza, GE" editor="Anton, AM" journalOrPublisher=") Flora Argentina (Vol. 13), Solanaceae. IOBDA- IMBIV, CONICET: Buenos Aires &amp; Cordoba, Argentina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="231 - 264" refId="B10" refString="Barboza, GE, Knapp, S, Saerkinen, T, 2013. Grupo VII. Moreloide. In: Anton, AM, Zuloaga, FO, Eds., Barboza GE (Coord.) Flora Argentina (Vol. 13), Solanaceae. IOBDA- IMBIV, CONICET: Buenos Aires &amp; Cordoba, Argentina: 231 - 264" title="Grupo VII. Moreloide." volumeTitle="Barboza GE (Coord." year="2013">Barboza et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 240: GOET [GOET003491]; isolectotypes: B, destroyed [F neg. 2766], CORD [CORD00006114], F [fragment of B duplicate, V0073222F, acc. # 621208], GOET [GOET003490, GOET003489])
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="9BAECE99C94463A31151AC02F7376298" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897493" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 32" startId="F32">
<paragraph id="6744E4CB42DA1E98860CDF2D61543513" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="BC6C71FF97C8D5DB9CC6C843AE855496" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 32.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="338353D57A5A5F0FE3F261D274607CE5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum caesium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caesium">
<emphasis id="EAA9C30A46F849BE6BBEE5F0498548CC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum caesium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="8AB5C4C447FCCE577A51CF52A7F87E7D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
branch with flowers and fruits
<emphasis id="B6DBB388E1CEF9C7A67704E5247058B0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
calyx
<emphasis id="9E657BEF896F059AF77F15E7BFC99726" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
flower
<emphasis id="B094E82C1E536EBC0842C22CBC19FBE4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
dissected flower
<emphasis id="BBC79951CABDE92C9AB71CC56514BCFA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
stamen, dorsal view
<emphasis id="F14B8B5CE628D1F4D1BB1882318A0DCB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
stamen, ventral view
<emphasis id="79E37655D8FEA4734286DF05EC0E1F9B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
gynoecium
<emphasis id="92399E7A5F211068EC88538D310F6AD8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
fruit
<emphasis id="2F7B15E4D253D853839356EE4FF000F0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
seed (
<emphasis id="1DD0AA26989032173DADDE6D03E01CA4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-I</emphasis>
<emphasis id="6375B8BD6DD0FDF682E5B36A888D252D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barboza et al. 2249</emphasis>
). Illustration by L. Ribulgo. Previously published in
<bibRefCitation id="74A5ED6103D1CA5972FABE0F45EADEA3" author="Barboza, GE" editor="Anton, AM" journalOrPublisher=") Flora Argentina (Vol. 13), Solanaceae. IOBDA- IMBIV, CONICET: Buenos Aires &amp; Cordoba, Argentina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="231 - 264" refId="B10" refString="Barboza, GE, Knapp, S, Saerkinen, T, 2013. Grupo VII. Moreloide. In: Anton, AM, Zuloaga, FO, Eds., Barboza GE (Coord.) Flora Argentina (Vol. 13), Solanaceae. IOBDA- IMBIV, CONICET: Buenos Aires &amp; Cordoba, Argentina: 231 - 264" title="Grupo VII. Moreloide." volumeTitle="Barboza GE (Coord." year="2013">Barboza et al. (2013</bibRefCitation>
: 240).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6D977D935DE344F131C1117AAD9C9079" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="1940CCE861C86C21508F8C07EBD68100" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="049F85F4522C8DD47817C2B7BCB1433F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Large sprawling perennial herbs forming patches 1-2 m in diameter, the branches sometimes to several metres long. Stems strongly angled with wings ca. 1 mm wide, slightly fleshy and watery or rubbery, glabrous or with a mix of eglandular and glandular (only in Bolivia, see below) simple uniseriate trichomes, the eglandular trichomes 4-6-celled, ca. 0.5 mm long, the glandular trichomes denser, 4-6-celled, to 1.5 mm long, the terminal gland a single cell; new growth densely papillate and glabrous to moderately pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes like those of the stems; older stems green or yellowish green. Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves not geminate. Leaves simple, often toothed, the blades (2.4)7-13 cm long, (1.7)2.5-8 cm wide, elliptic-ovate to narrowly elliptic-ovate, widest in the lower half, membranous to fleshy (watery), concolorous but with very distinct calcium oxalate inclusions in the mesophyll (crystal sand); adaxial surfaces glabrous or with a few glandular or eglandular trichomes to 1 mm long on the lamina; abaxial surfaces with the lamina glabrous or densely glandular-pubescent along the veins, the lamina densely papillate; principal veins 6-8 pairs, often forking distinctly before the margin, drying yellowish green, glabrous or densely pubescent with eglandular or glandular simple uniseriate trichomes; base attenuate onto the petiole and then onto the stem; margins entire or with a few large teeth (both can occur on the same stems), the teeth 1.1-2 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, broadly deltate with acute apices, the sinuses rounded, reaching ca. 1.3 of the way to the midrib; apex acute; petioles winged from the leaf base, 0.5-6 cm long. Inflorescences internodal, usually forked, but occasionally unbranched, (4)8-20 cm long, with 10-40 flowers borne along the branches, glabrous or sparsely pubescent with eglandular and glandular simple uniseriate trichomes like the stems; peduncle 2.5-10 cm long; pedicels 0.9-1.1 cm long, 0.5-0.75 mm in diameter at the base, 1.2-1.5 mm in diameter at the apex, fleshy and tapering, spreading at anthesis, glabrous or sparsely pubescent to densely pubescent with glandular simple uniseriate trichomes like those of the stems and leaves, articulated at the base leaving a distinct cup ca. 0.5 mm deep; pedicel scars ca. 2.5 mm apart. Buds ellipsoid, the corolla included within the calyx lobes until just before anthesis. Flowers 5-merous, cosexual (hermaphroditic). Calyx tube 1.5-2 mm long, conical; the lobes 2.5-4.5 mm long, 0.75-1 mm wide, long triangular and slightly narrower near the lobe base, often somewhat unequal in size, glabrous or sparsely glandular-pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes to 1 mm long like the rest of the plant. Corolla 1.6-1.8(2) cm in diameter, white, rotate to shallowly stellate, lobed ca. 1/4 of the way to the base, the lobes 2.5-3 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, broadly deltate, reflexed to spreading at anthesis, adaxially glabrous, abaxially densely papillate and with a few longer simple uniseriate trichomes to 0.4 mm long. Stamens equal; filament tube to 0.5 mm long; free portion of the filaments 0.75-1.1 mm long, densely pubescent adaxially with tangled transparent simple uniseriate trichomes; anthers 3-4 mm long, 1-1.2 mm wide, ellipsoid, yellow, poricidal at the tips, the pores lengthening to slits with age. Ovary conical, glabrous; style 6-7 mm long, straight, exserted beyond the anther cone, densely papillate-pubescent in the lower half to 2/3; stigma capitate or bi-lobed and slightly heart-shaped, bright green in live plants, the surface minutely papillate. Fruit a globose berry, 0.5-0.8 cm in diameter, green when immature, becoming greenish orange when ripe, the pericarp thin, shiny, translucent when ripe, glabrous; fruiting pedicels 1.2-1.5 cm long, 0.5-0.6 mm in diameter at the base, 1-1.1 mm in diameter at the apex, fleshy, strongly deflexed and secund with a kink at the base, not persistent; fruiting calyx somewhat accrescent, the tube to 3 mm long, the lobes to ca. 6 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, appressed to and enclosing the berry like a cage. Seeds more than 100 per berry, ca. 0.75 mm long, ca. 0.5 mm wide, not markedly flattened, teardrop shaped, pale yellow or creamy tan, the surfaces minutely pitted, the testal cells more or less rectangular in outline. Stone cells 2 at the apex of the berry, ca. 1 mm in diameter, cream-coloured, larger than the seeds but barely distinguishable in herbarium specimens. Chromosome number: not known.</paragraph>
<caption id="B6A458E95DC5621B1A8B69CE16EEE620" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897494" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 33" startId="F33">
<paragraph id="3FBA1BDC4A4DE316AB7B1AEB0E3DFA9E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="3E2616A8B29A32987E662D3B2F113B3B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 33.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3ADD292E179A9BA9C555E7BFEE3D0EBB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum caesium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caesium">
<emphasis id="88D77C67C7050A83690676020B6A9686" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum caesium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="EF9DE730F4A0599B3DC48002247E5588" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
habit
<emphasis id="C84B6E3753C28E44E62F2B028B4D7E49" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
inflorescence with buds and flowers
<emphasis id="2A2ACC667BE1147CFBB6592880607531" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
infructescence with developing fruits
<emphasis id="3D092F1FE3D0378A9FD72397914D004F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
mature fruits (
<emphasis id="7398002B38405D3FFE47EE4422CDD222" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, C, D</emphasis>
<emphasis id="D5754FC482BF05DF060AB974C986AFB4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barboza et al. 3530</emphasis>
<emphasis id="0EF51309E54B358C02F0DDD597152AF5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
<emphasis id="613FE647D7A4FE1D01B009DCB124F431" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barboza et al. 3541</emphasis>
). Photos by S. Knapp.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="86ABA3088ECE1A793620BB5DB79E6408" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="805A81E31A66CEDB50391C9256430548" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B88B071CEB98BA3C9EA1FFEDD2C948E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="2E0F3BF0C5C42293BCF1F2DDE2FE2189" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="E315F15D9C85B89EBD36621EC2E9BC47" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Figure 34. Distribution map of Solanum caesium." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897495" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">34</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="62485CFEF300B5D0208EBD10B41F92D8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum caesium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caesium">
<emphasis id="71E05C33154E00A6895C9A093FAA5EF4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum caesium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from the eastern slopes of the Andes in Bolivia (Depts. Chuquisaca, Santa Cruz, Tarija) and Argentina (Provs. Jujuy, Salta).
</paragraph>
<caption id="D6F9A8EE5E2223628591A960B4EC1A29" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897495" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 34" startId="F34">
<paragraph id="6D2FBF3842BD405BFA5BDC231933A50A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="BE78020B94F28F05F3A499BEFAEED69E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 34.</emphasis>
Distribution map of
<taxonomicName id="94090AACD390FC65605CBB3E2D3ADC00" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum caesium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caesium">
<emphasis id="C43DE3AB2BECCBC10DC3231D32FC16D3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum caesium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E71E1AED15A113549942EEDC91BFE78B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="E028A4D0A426212061C3A83D3B804137" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C6BD5FC52CF4036C43EB56A86F345BB9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="44CF035BE0E0CEBF4C8424A88687A178" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum caesium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caesium">
<emphasis id="206B6D342E00261CC41CF2815F843194" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum caesium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grows in wet forests and semi-deciduous forests, often in disturbed areas such as landslides, along roads and streams; from 400 to 2,100 m elevation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7611E24ECAFE64028B8DFEC87803DD3E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names and uses">
<paragraph id="E0D2AC14606E728D0F06835FAE15F405" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5200A1C3B619569FBF4E4FB0E31B93FB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Bolivia. Tarija: flor de oro (
<emphasis id="D65067280E4A6B97264BC5BE3CCDFEFC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Coro-Rojas 1440</emphasis>
). No uses recorded.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="36397A3F4B01333FB002013D180AB6FE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
<paragraph id="269E078A1D5F5EE111F6D24556957A01" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD20A1A0F8F7AD865928727FAFDB99A1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="49743B5F0CFCEBF9CBBEB7173B34E31D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(
<bibRefCitation id="064C9C3C18719568B08D9E42F17862C7" author="Ibarrola, DA" journalOrPublisher="Nueva Serie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" refId="B116" refString="2022. . https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" url="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" year="2022">IUCN 2022</bibRefCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Least Concern [LC]. EOO = 117,146 km2 [LC]; AOO = 184 km2 [EN].
<taxonomicName id="7E082FEB3D6CB1A996C6AFCD35C5763D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum caesium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caesium">
<emphasis id="8DB6268FA9C0CDD55BF27B3512EAEC23" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum caesium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is widespread and common across its range and is a plant of disturbed areas. It occurs in protected areas in both Bolivia (Parque Nacional Serrania Aguarague) and Argentina (Parque Nacional Calilegua).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="52CA646E903C9ADFB9BA25D4BAF7BC8B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="F182945EE516E599B657B2BFF0BE6E16" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD4C0FD8B88B85B6A7CD5289F9B1007C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="C5CB03F760CB633593F2D3C358EA9B47" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum caesium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caesium">
<emphasis id="F24729323D98F3CE862130F734A6F6F7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum caesium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinctive and not easily confused with any other morelloid in South America. The fleshy, almost succulent leaves that are usually glabrous, lax forked inflorescences with spaced flowers and reflexed pedicels that develop a distinct kink at the base in fruit, long-triangular calyx lobes that enclose the yellowish orange berry like a cage and the rotate corolla are all found in combination only in
<taxonomicName id="AD08BD965A5A7F2829D6FDD2838663CE" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. caesium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="caesium">
<emphasis id="3AFE00187BBF419463B4B7AECDDCE1C1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. caesium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The fleshy leaves are similar to those of some populations of
<taxonomicName id="3D47BE5F3175548DB0F7322DA56BF38B" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pentlandii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pentlandii">
<emphasis id="65F255855E09EC9DFE64BDE9D27B7ADD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. pentlandii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but that is a species of high elevations in Peru and Bolivia and has much smaller stellate flowers that are usually violet. It has been suggested (
<bibRefCitation id="64A5841EFDF9BAA64F8578FB3955A747" author="Del Vitto, LA" journalOrPublisher="Kurtziana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="319 - 326" refId="B65" refString="Del Vitto, LA, Petenatti, FM, 1999. Notas en Solanum (Solanaceae) de Argentina II. Aportes al conocimiento de la Sect. Episarcophyllum. Kurtziana 27: 319 - 326" title="Notas en Solanum (Solanaceae) de Argentina II. Aportes al conocimiento de la Sect. Episarcophyllum." volume="27" year="1999">Del Vitto and Petenatti 1999</bibRefCitation>
) that
<taxonomicName id="ECC7269BFDF8AE10B16555D6BDF82EFA" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. caesium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="caesium">
<emphasis id="26DE982873F2821AD9F6B397B1626956" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. caesium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is related to the members of the
<taxonomicName id="D3B5CCA6028E2FAF42C0FE600112AD6A" authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="1912" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Episarcophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Episarcophyllum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="37CEA292099963CB3A389993C3A74DFE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Episarcophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade; molecular sequence data (
<bibRefCitation id="CE0A54F51BA082049D507FF23793C81C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1827" author="Gagnon, E" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="580 - 601" refId="B92" refString="Gagnon, E, Hilgenhof, R, Orejuela, A, McDonnell, A, Sablok, G, Aubriot, X, Giacomin, LL, Gouvea, Y, Bohs, L, Dodsworth, S, Martine, C, Poczai, P, Knapp, S, Saerkinen, T, 2022. Phylogenomic discordance suggests polytomies along the backbone of the large genus Solanum. American Journal of Botany 109 (4): 580 - 601, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1827" title="Phylogenomic discordance suggests polytomies along the backbone of the large genus Solanum." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1827" volume="109" year="2022">Gagnon et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
) show this is not the case, but that
<taxonomicName id="97B67BDF0ED72841F335D4FA73FE7ABE" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. caesium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="caesium">
<emphasis id="12DF4D2351CF70451AAAF19B303225C5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. caesium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a species of somewhat uncertain affinities.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7BB7E2525E42EF332B7061507E01EAE5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="5516A059CF62C96ABC6D84BD60E372F0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum caesium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caesium">
<emphasis id="2770CFE6CA9200D098144B7761778E4F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum caesium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can form large plants and populations along open areas on roadsides and landslips. Plants throughout most of the species range are glabrous, except for populations from Santa Cruz (Bolivia) between Bermejo and Angostura where all plants seen have glandular pubescence (e.g.,
<emphasis id="CA14550AF8E24F95A79A8EF6D5A14139" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wood 8652</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="82D8EE5F391024D140E4F8185C2E24EA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nee 35614</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="83022187E76464A2CEC9E56E3B61385B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cardenas 4636</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="854BE69BB0F22D991C1F6B3B3743B1FC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nee 35134</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="FEB27D9F9837AA9673EB40579296691E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wood 22538</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>