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<document id="EEEBF8213BF04F91110A8D79B9F01F04" ID-CLB-Dataset="148077" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5188.6.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="78294bf8-d194-4401-9a4d-9d0b82f8c3fb" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7103758" ID-ZooBank="B8A2BB0B-2EA8-490A-BD20-F680808D6E3E" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1663829769996" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pyron, R. Alexander &amp; Beamer, David A." docDate="2022" docId="CC1C87F1FFDBFF84FF19D69EFD9AFE00" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5186.6.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5188 (6)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Desmognathus valtos Pyron &amp; Beamer 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="593" masterDocId="3025FF89FFD8FF82FF8ED609FFB8FF89" masterDocTitle="Allocation of Salamandra auriculata Holbrook, 1838, with a new species of swamp-dwelling dusky salamander (Plethodontidae: Desmognathus) from the Atlantic Coastal Plain" masterLastPageNumber="595" masterPageNumber="587" pageNumber="590" updateTime="1699383882034" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="F2DFF06937AB6D2AB746854CE8527A2F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="59787B36410A90BA7864BC7DDBF779F8">
<mods:title id="F912B774B45284E4218B85DAAF9BD80E">Allocation of Salamandra auriculata Holbrook, 1838, with a new species of swamp-dwelling dusky salamander (Plethodontidae: Desmognathus) from the Atlantic Coastal Plain</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="6558E8F01970C6E2E06BA2B4EC40AA55" type="personal">
<mods:role id="8B8B4BEC605AAC88501717BA71B566C2">
<mods:roleTerm id="EEB549918AF8ABBDF75E16C1BE655DD9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="077772D1632C738DF676E2D14C2DF48E">Pyron, R. Alexander</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="4183008C5BCAA23EBC3140DAFC217596" type="ORCID">0000-0003-2524-1794</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="8F01D92803972713BD0E1CD517718977">Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, 2023 G St. NW, Washington, DC 20052 rpyron @ colubroid. org; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2524 - 1794 &amp; Division of Amphibians and Reptiles, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="905544DD819AC9A450D088473FEB43D6" type="email">rpyron@colubroid.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="9281D7C03E9E40BAAD6FC37772CCD679">Beamer, David A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0B17BE9527F0DBCFDD869F37284607D0">Department of Natural Sciences, Nash Community College, Rocky Mount, NC 27804 &amp; Amphibian Foundation, 4055 Roswell Rd NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30342</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:title id="FC2424110F8BEDEBAE12C8245B2CEFE7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="D874D54D83933DD02A47C28CAA908A36">
<mods:date id="C51154FEDDA50143D6BC19397C5944BB">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F5C7678727D57904662EA20E74614461">2022-09-22</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="ECA83B15C27FF5BDA132C8B3DF0616B0">5188</mods:number>
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<treatment id="CC1C87F1FFDBFF84FF19D69EFD9AFE00" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7103760" ID-GBIF-Taxon="201105719" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7103760" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CC1C87F1FFDBFF84FF19D69EFD9AFE00" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC1C87F1FFDBFF84FF19D69EFD9AFE00" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="593" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">
<subSubSection id="0CAF656CFFDBFF81FF19D69EFE46FF38" box="[151,510,151,178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="440A36E7FFDBFF81FF19D69EFE46FF38" blockId="3.[151,510,151,178]" box="[151,510,151,178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">
<heading id="1F42818BFFDBFF81FF19D69EFE46FF38" bold="true" box="[151,510,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" reason="1">
<emphasis id="76C1EAF5FFDBFF81FF19D69EFE46FF38" bold="true" box="[151,510,151,178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">
<taxonomicName id="83B54D64FFDBFF81FF19D69EFE21FF3B" authority="Pyron &amp; Beamer, 2022" authorityName="Pyron &amp; Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,409,151,178]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valtos" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="76C1EAF5FFDBFF81FF19D69EFE21FF3B" bold="true" box="[151,409,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">Desmognathus valtos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6DF2578EFFDBFF81FE2FD69EFE46FF38" box="[417,510,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0CAF656CFFDBFF81FF19D6DEFEC3FE84" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="440A36E7FFDBFF81FF19D6DEFEC3FE84" blockId="3.[151,1436,214,269]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">
<taxonomicName id="83B54D64FFDBFF81FF19D6DEFE6EFF67" ID-CoL="353MB" authority="Holbrook, 1838" authorityName="Holbrook" authorityYear="1838" box="[151,470,214,238]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auriculatus">
<emphasis id="76C1EAF5FFDBFF81FF19D6DEFE93FF67" box="[151,299,214,238]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">D. auriculatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="20244B16FFDBFF81FEBAD6DFFE6EFF67" author="Holbrook, J. E." box="[308,470,214,238]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" refId="ref4961" refString="Holbrook, J. E. (1838) North American Herpetology: or, a description of the reptiles inhabiting the United States. 1 st Edition. Vol. III. J. Dobson, Philadelphia, viii + 122 pp., XXX pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51821" type="book" year="1838">Holbrook, 1838</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(part: see
<bibRefCitation id="20244B16FFDBFF81FDCBD6DEFD7FFF67" author="Means, D. B." box="[581,711,214,238]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref5184" refString="Means, D. B. (1999) Desmognathus auriculatus (Holbrook) Southern Dusky Salamander. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles, 681, 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.15781 / T 28 P 5 VF 4 F" type="journal article" year="1999">Means 1999</bibRefCitation>
; most historical concepts of
<taxonomicName id="83B54D64FFDBFF81FC7FD6DEFB3DFF67" ID-CoL="353MB" authorityName="Holbrook" authorityYear="1838" box="[1009,1157,214,238]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auriculatus">
<emphasis id="76C1EAF5FFDBFF81FC7FD6DEFB3DFF67" box="[1009,1157,214,238]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">D. auriculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
included populations from GA, SC, and NC)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0CAF656CFFDBFF81FF19D73FFB40FD8D" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="440A36E7FFDBFF81FF19D73FFE7EFEFD" blockId="3.[151,1437,310,1164]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">
<materialsCitation id="F4DD3CBAFFDBFF81FF19D73FFE7EFEFD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3912963302" collectingDate="2019-08-30" collectionCode="DAB, NC, ASL" elevation="4" latitude="34.968" location="Otter Creek" longLatPrecision="71" longitude="-76.958" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" specimenCode="MNHN 2021.0131, RAP0955" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="76C1EAF5FFDBFF81FF19D73FFEB5FED9" bold="true" box="[151,269,310,336]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">
<typeStatus id="9B0E8845FFDBFF81FF19D73FFEB0FED9" box="[151,264,310,336]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="14139E9CFFDBFF81FE9BD73FFE51FED9" box="[277,489,310,336]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">MNHN 2021.0131</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCode id="14139E9CFFDBFF81FE76D73FFDD4FED8" box="[504,620,310,337]" collectionCode="RAP" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">RAP0955</specimenCode>
;
<figureCitation id="DC8E2A62FFDBFF81FDF9D73FFD03FED9" box="[631,699,310,336]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[350,1242,1188,1847]" captionTargetId="figure-415@3.[346,1242,1188,1847]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype (MNHN 2021.0131/RAP0955) of Desmognathus valtos. Specimen is an adult (53.1mm SVL), possibly a female based on apparent lack of mental gland and lack of peramorphic or hypertrophied jaw musculature. The holotype exhibits the diagnostic greenish-grey ground color with a reddish-orange dorsal wash, orangish stripe with indistinct margins on the dorsal surface of the tail, yellowish or orangish portholes on the lateral surfaces in three rows, and granular ventral color-pattern with clusters of xanthophores and melanophores interspersed with white flecks and speckles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7103766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7103766/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
), collected
<date id="300B1027FFDBFF81FCB3D73FFC48FED9" box="[829,1008,310,336]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" value="2019-08-30">
<collectingDate id="204FE9CFFFDBFF81FCB3D73FFC48FED9" box="[829,1008,310,336]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" value="2019-08-30">30 August 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
by
<collectionCode id="22A4AE22FFDBFF81FB95D73FFBEEFED9" box="[1051,1110,310,336]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">DAB</collectionCode>
at
<location id="416A603CFFDBFF81FBF7D73FFB45FED9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CC1C87F1FFDBFF84FF19D69EFD9AFE00:416A603CFFDBFF81FBF7D73FFB45FED9" box="[1145,1277,310,336]" latitude="34.968" longLatPrecision="71" longitude="-76.958" name="Otter Creek" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">Otter Creek</location>
(
<collectionCode id="22A4AE22FFDBFF81FA82D73FFA80FED9" box="[1292,1336,310,336]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">NC</collectionCode>
: Craven;
<geoCoordinate id="21815020FFDBFF81FF19D753FF5FFEFD" box="[151,231,346,372]" degrees="34.968" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" precision="55" value="34.968">34.968</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="21815020FFDBFF81FF7CD753FEF4FEFC" box="[242,332,346,373]" degrees="76.958" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" precision="55" value="-76.958">-76.958</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity id="834D9B02FFDBFF81FED9D753FEC3FEFD" box="[343,379,346,372]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" unit="m" value="4.0">
<elevation id="CF98D1D4FFDBFF81FED9D753FEC3FEFD" box="[343,379,346,372]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" unit="m" value="4.0">4m</elevation>
</quantity>
<collectionCode id="22A4AE22FFDBFF81FE0FD753FE03FEFD" box="[385,443,346,372]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">ASL</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="440A36E7FFDBFF81FF49D777FB40FD8D" blockId="3.[151,1437,310,1164]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">
<materialsCitation id="F4DD3CBAFFDBFF81FF49D777FA24FE11" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3912963303" accessionNumber="GSU 26900" box="[199,1436,382,408]" collectingDate="2022-04-22" collectionCode="NCSM" collectorName="RAP" elevation="7" isTailEnumeration="true" latitude="31.914" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="-81.554" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" specimenCode="NCSM 108360-1, RAP 2289" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="76C1EAF5FFDBFF81FF49D777FEF0FE11" bold="true" box="[199,328,382,408]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">
<typeStatus id="9B0E8845FFDBFF81FF49D777FEFBFE11" box="[199,323,382,408]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="14139E9CFFDBFF81FEC0D777FDACFE11" box="[334,532,382,408]" collectionCode="NCSM" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/aasf-rm4s" name="North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" type="Museum">NCSM 108360–1</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCode id="14139E9CFFDBFF81FDAFD777FD2FFE11" box="[545,663,382,408]" collectionCode="RAP" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">RAP 2289</specimenCode>
&amp; 2293), collected
<date id="300B1027FFDBFF81FCFCD777FBB4FE11" box="[882,1036,382,408]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" value="2022-04-22">
<collectingDate id="204FE9CFFFDBFF81FCFCD777FBB4FE11" box="[882,1036,382,408]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" value="2022-04-22">22 April 2022</collectingDate>
</date>
by
<collectionCode id="22A4AE22FFDBFF81FBBAD777FBD1FE11" box="[1076,1129,382,408]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">RAP</collectionCode>
at the type locality (
<figureCitation id="DC8E2A62FFDBFF81FAC4D777FA36FE11" box="[1354,1422,382,408]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,956,980]" captionTargetBox="[211,1376,181,932]" captionTargetId="figure-21@4.[211,1376,181,932]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Paratype (NCSM 108360/RAP2289) of Desmognathus valtos. Specimen is a juvenile or small adult (32.1 mm SVL) showing the same diagnostic features as the holotype, with more prominent dorsal color-pattern and lateral white flecking that is characteristic of younger individuals." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7103772" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7103772/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="F4DD3CBAFFDBFF81FF19D7ABFBF9FE69" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3912963304" accessionNumber="GSU 26900" collectingDate="2022-04-22" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="RAP&amp; DAB &amp; Dirk J. Stevenson" elevation="7" isTailEnumeration="true" latitude="31.914" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="-81.554" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" specimenCode="NCSM 108360-1, RAP 2289" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="14139E9CFFDBFF81FF19D7ABFED4FE34" box="[151,364,418,445]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">BMNH 2021.7566</specimenCode>
, GSU 26900, &amp;
<specimenCode id="14139E9CFFDBFF81FDA9D7ABFD72FE34" box="[551,714,418,445]" collectionCode="GMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34942" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34942" name="Georgia Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">GMNH 52996</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCode id="14139E9CFFDBFF81FD56D7ABFCF0FE35" box="[728,840,418,444]" collectionCode="RAP" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">RAP1646</specimenCode>
&amp; 1648–9), collected
<date id="300B1027FFDBFF81FBCAD7ABFB57FE35" box="[1092,1263,418,444]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" value="2021-01-09">
<collectingDate id="204FE9CFFFDBFF81FBCAD7ABFB57FE35" box="[1092,1263,418,444]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" value="2021-01-09">9 January 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
by
<collectionCode id="22A4AE22FFDBFF81FA97D7ABFAF7FE35" box="[1305,1359,418,444]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">RAP</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="22A4AE22FFDBFF81FAD4D7ABFA20FE35" box="[1370,1432,418,444]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">DAB</collectionCode>
, and
<collectorName id="E9405331FFDBFF81FF46D7CFFE28FE69" box="[200,400,454,480]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">Dirk J. Stevenson</collectorName>
at
<collectorName id="E9405331FFDBFF81FE3BD7CFFDDAFE69" box="[437,610,454,480]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">Holbrook Pond</collectorName>
(GA:
<collectorName id="E9405331FFDBFF81FD22D7CFFCBAFE69" box="[684,770,454,480]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">Liberty</collectorName>
;
<geoCoordinate id="21815020FFDBFF81FC80D7CFFCE6FE69" box="[782,862,454,480]" degrees="31.914" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" precision="55" value="31.914">31.914</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="21815020FFDBFF81FCE4D7CFFC7CFE68" box="[874,964,454,481]" degrees="81.554" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" precision="55" value="-81.554">-81.554</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity id="834D9B02FFDBFF81FC5FD7CFFC4CFE69" box="[977,1012,454,480]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" unit="m" value="7.0">
<elevation id="CF98D1D4FFDBFF81FC5FD7CFFC4CFE69" box="[977,1012,454,480]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" unit="m" value="7.0">7m</elevation>
</quantity>
<collectionCode id="22A4AE22FFDBFF81FC75D7CFFB8DFE69" box="[1019,1077,454,480]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">ASL</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="F4DD3CBAFFDBFF81FBC9D7CFFB4CFD8D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3912963301" accessionNumber="GSU 26900" collectingDate="2022-04-22" collectionCode="NCSM, RAP" collectorName="RAP" elevation="7" isTailEnumeration="true" latitude="31.914" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="-81.554" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" specimenCode="NCSM 108360-1, RAP 2289" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="22A4AE22FFDBFF81FBC9D7CFFB25FE69" box="[1095,1181,454,480]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">AMNH</collectionCode>
A-193889 (
<specimenCode id="14139E9CFFDBFF81FAAAD7CFFA20FE69" box="[1316,1432,454,480]" collectionCode="RAP" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">RAP2294</specimenCode>
;
<figureCitation id="DC8E2A62FFDBFF81FF19D7E3FF63FD8D" box="[151,219,490,516]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1930,1954]" captionTargetBox="[205,1382,1076,1906]" captionTargetId="figure-65@4.[205,1382,1076,1906]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paratype (AMNH A-193889/RAP2294) of Desmognathus valtos. Specimen is a small adult (41.2 mm SVL) showing the same diagnostic features as the holotype, with more prominent dorsal color-pattern and lateral white flecking or speckling that is characteristic of younger individuals, with the latter extending noticeably onto the dorsal surfaces." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7103774" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7103774/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
), collected
<date id="300B1027FFDBFF81FED2D7E3FE4FFD8D" box="[348,503,490,516]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" value="2022-04-22">
<collectingDate id="204FE9CFFFDBFF81FED2D7E3FE4FFD8D" box="[348,503,490,516]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" value="2022-04-22">22 April 2022</collectingDate>
</date>
by
<collectionCode id="22A4AE22FFDBFF81FDAFD7E3FDEEFD8D" box="[545,598,490,516]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">RAP</collectionCode>
at
<collectorName id="E9405331FFDBFF81FDF7D7E3FCA2FD8D" box="[633,794,490,516]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">Jasons Branch</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="22A4AE22FFDBFF81FCA7D7E3FCEDFD8D" box="[809,853,490,516]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">NC</collectionCode>
:
<collectorName id="E9405331FFDBFF81FCEED7E3FC06FD8D" box="[864,958,490,516]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">Carteret</collectorName>
;
<geoCoordinate id="21815020FFDBFF81FC47D7E3FBA1FD8D" box="[969,1049,490,516]" degrees="34.768" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" precision="55" value="34.768">34.768</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="21815020FFDBFF81FBAAD7E3FBC6FD8D" box="[1060,1150,490,516]" degrees="76.943" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" precision="55" value="-76.943">-76.943</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity id="834D9B02FFDBFF81FB07D7E3FB15FD8D" box="[1161,1197,490,516]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" unit="m" value="6.0">
<elevation id="CF98D1D4FFDBFF81FB07D7E3FB15FD8D" box="[1161,1197,490,516]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" unit="m" value="6.0">6m</elevation>
</quantity>
<collectionCode id="22A4AE22FFDBFF81FB3CD7E3FB54FD8D" box="[1202,1260,490,516]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">ASL</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0CAF656CFFDBFF81FF49D407FE95FDF9" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="440A36E7FFDBFF81FF49D407FE95FDF9" blockId="3.[151,1437,310,1164]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">
<emphasis id="76C1EAF5FFDBFF81FF49D407FEEAFDA1" bold="true" box="[199,338,526,552]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">Etymology:</emphasis>
The specific epithet is a non-Latin noun used in apposition, from the Greek váltos (βάλτος) for “swamp,” in reference to the primary habitat of the species. We suggest the common name “
<taxonomicName id="83B54D64FFDBFF81FB1ED43BFE9CFDF9" authority="Swamp Dusky Salamander." authorityName="Swamp Dusky Salamander." class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Carolina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Carolina Swamp Dusky Salamander.</taxonomicName>
”
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0CAF656CFFDBFF84FF49D470FD9AFE00" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="593" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="440A36E7FFDBFF81FF49D470FCC5FB05" blockId="3.[151,1437,310,1164]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">
<emphasis id="76C1EAF5FFDBFF81FF49D470FEFCFD1A" bold="true" box="[199,324,633,659]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
In comparison with the re-description of
<taxonomicName id="83B54D64FFDBFF81FCABD473FA9BFD1D" authority="(Holbrook, 1838)" baseAuthorityName="Holbrook" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[805,1315,634,660]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auriculatus">
<emphasis id="76C1EAF5FFDBFF81FCABD473FBECFD1D" box="[805,1108,634,660]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">Desmognathus auriculatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="20244B16FFDBFF81FBEBD473FAA3FD1D" author="Holbrook, J. E." box="[1125,1307,634,660]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" refId="ref4961" refString="Holbrook, J. E. (1838) North American Herpetology: or, a description of the reptiles inhabiting the United States. 1 st Edition. Vol. III. J. Dobson, Philadelphia, viii + 122 pp., XXX pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51821" type="book" year="1838">Holbrook, 1838</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="20244B16FFDBFF81FADCD473FE9CFD31" author="Means, D. B. &amp; Lamb, J. Y. &amp; Bernardo, J." pageId="3" pageNumber="590" pagination="467 - 506" refId="ref5278" refString="Means, D. B., Lamb, J. Y. &amp; Bernardo, J. (2017) A new species of dusky salamander (Amphibia: Plethodontidae: Desmognathus) from the eastern Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States and a redescription of D. auriculatus. Zootaxa, 4263 (3), 467 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4263.3.3" type="journal article" year="2017">Means et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="83B54D64FFDBFF81FEBFD496FE2FFD31" authorityName="Pyron &amp; Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[305,407,670,696]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valtos">
<emphasis id="76C1EAF5FFDBFF81FEBFD496FE2FFD31" box="[305,407,670,696]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">D. valtos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a moderately-sized Dusky Salamander (
<quantity id="834D9B02FFDBFF81FCF3D497FBA2FD31" box="[893,1050,670,696]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9799999999999995" metricValueMax="6.24" metricValueMin="1.72" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" unit="mm" value="39.8" valueMax="62.4" valueMin="17.2">17.2–62.4mm</quantity>
SVL for transformed specimens), typically with a dark greenish-grey ground color and orangish wash on the dorsal surfaces (
<figureCitation id="DC8E2A62FFDBFF81FB6FD4CBFA93FD55" box="[1249,1323,706,732]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[350,1242,1188,1847]" captionTargetId="figure-415@3.[346,1242,1188,1847]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype (MNHN 2021.0131/RAP0955) of Desmognathus valtos. Specimen is an adult (53.1mm SVL), possibly a female based on apparent lack of mental gland and lack of peramorphic or hypertrophied jaw musculature. The holotype exhibits the diagnostic greenish-grey ground color with a reddish-orange dorsal wash, orangish stripe with indistinct margins on the dorsal surface of the tail, yellowish or orangish portholes on the lateral surfaces in three rows, and granular ventral color-pattern with clusters of xanthophores and melanophores interspersed with white flecks and speckles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7103766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7103766/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Smaller individuals often have visible remnants of orangish or reddish paired larval spots on the dorsum; differentiation between dorsal and lateral color pattern is typically absent in
<emphasis id="76C1EAF5FFDBFF81FCBAD502FC63FCAD" box="[820,987,778,804]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">
<taxonomicName id="83B54D64FFDBFF81FCBAD502FC6EFCAD" baseAuthorityName="Holbrook" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[820,982,778,804]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auriculatus">D. auriculatus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and larval patterning is usually obscured by darkening in even the smallest specimens. Differs significantly in overall size and shape from
<emphasis id="76C1EAF5FFDBFF81FB7CD526FA24FCC1" box="[1266,1436,814,840]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">
<taxonomicName id="83B54D64FFDBFF81FB7CD526FA20FCC1" baseAuthorityName="Holbrook" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[1266,1432,814,840]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auriculatus">D. auriculatus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
the greatest difference being proportionally longer torsos (longer AG). Tail is thick, girthy, and long, up to 106% SVL, typically less keeled than
<emphasis id="76C1EAF5FFDBFF81FD88D57EFD08FC19" box="[518,688,886,912]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">
<taxonomicName id="83B54D64FFDBFF81FD88D57EFD14FC19" baseAuthorityName="Holbrook" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[518,684,886,912]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auriculatus">D. auriculatus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
but still flattened at the terminus. Dorsal surface of tail typically exhibits a yellowish or orangish stripe with indistinct margins even in larger individuals (
<figureCitation id="DC8E2A62FFDBFF81FBF4D593FB64FC3C" box="[1146,1244,922,949]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStart-3="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1870,1894]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,956,980]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,1930,1954]" captionStartId-3="5.[152,255,910,934]" captionTargetBox-0="[350,1242,1188,1847]" captionTargetBox-1="[211,1376,181,932]" captionTargetBox-2="[205,1382,1076,1906]" captionTargetBox-3="[219,1368,151,887]" captionTargetId-0="figure-415@3.[346,1242,1188,1847]" captionTargetId-1="figure-21@4.[211,1376,181,932]" captionTargetId-2="figure-65@4.[205,1382,1076,1906]" captionTargetId-3="figure-19@5.[219,1368,151,887]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Holotype (MNHN 2021.0131/RAP0955) of Desmognathus valtos. Specimen is an adult (53.1mm SVL), possibly a female based on apparent lack of mental gland and lack of peramorphic or hypertrophied jaw musculature. The holotype exhibits the diagnostic greenish-grey ground color with a reddish-orange dorsal wash, orangish stripe with indistinct margins on the dorsal surface of the tail, yellowish or orangish portholes on the lateral surfaces in three rows, and granular ventral color-pattern with clusters of xanthophores and melanophores interspersed with white flecks and speckles." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Paratype (NCSM 108360/RAP2289) of Desmognathus valtos. Specimen is a juvenile or small adult (32.1 mm SVL) showing the same diagnostic features as the holotype, with more prominent dorsal color-pattern and lateral white flecking that is characteristic of younger individuals." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Paratype (AMNH A-193889/RAP2294) of Desmognathus valtos. Specimen is a small adult (41.2 mm SVL) showing the same diagnostic features as the holotype, with more prominent dorsal color-pattern and lateral white flecking or speckling that is characteristic of younger individuals, with the latter extending noticeably onto the dorsal surfaces." captionText-3="FIGURE 5. Comparative specimen (AMNHA-193891/RAP2303) of Desmognathus valtos. Specimen is a large adult (62.4 mm SVL) showing the same diagnostic features as the holotype, with very prominent reddish or orangish wash or stripe on the dorsal surface and very indistinct margins on the tail." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7103766" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7103772" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7103774" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7103778" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7103766/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7103772/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7103774/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7103778/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">Fig. 2–5</figureCitation>
); such stripes are usually less colorful and prominent in
<emphasis id="76C1EAF5FFDBFF81FDCCD5B6FD52FC51" box="[578,746,958,984]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">
<taxonomicName id="83B54D64FFDBFF81FDCCD5B6FD5EFC51" baseAuthorityName="Holbrook" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[578,742,958,984]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auriculatus">D. auriculatus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
particularly older specimens. Ventrolateral porthole markings with whitish, yellowish, orangish, or reddish pigment may occur in up to three rows (see
<bibRefCitation id="20244B16FFDBFF81FB19D5EBFAD3FC75" author="Pyron, R. A. &amp; O'Connell, K. A. &amp; Lamb, J. Y. &amp; Beamer, D. A." box="[1175,1387,994,1020]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" pagination="53 - 82" refId="ref5632" refString="Pyron, R. A., O'Connell, K. A., Lamb, J. Y. &amp; Beamer, D. A. (2022 b) A new, narrowly endemic species of swamp-dwelling dusky salamander (Plethodontidae: Desmognathus) from the Gulf Coastal Plain of Mississippi and Alabama. Zootaxa, 5133 (1), 53 - 82. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5133.1.3" type="journal article" year="2022">
Pyron
<emphasis id="76C1EAF5FFDBFF81FB6DD5EAFAA5FC75" box="[1251,1309,994,1020]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">et al.</emphasis>
2022b
</bibRefCitation>
and references therein), but these are generally less prominent than in
<emphasis id="76C1EAF5FFDBFF81FC0ED20EFB92FBA9" box="[896,1066,1030,1056]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">
<taxonomicName id="83B54D64FFDBFF81FC0ED20EFB9EFBA9" baseAuthorityName="Holbrook" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[896,1062,1030,1056]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auriculatus">D. auriculatus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Ventral color pattern is typically relatively bright and granular, consisting of interspersed flecking of darkened melanophores, lighter xanthophores, and whitish speckling, while in
<emphasis id="76C1EAF5FFDBFF81FE72D246FD1DFBE1" box="[508,677,1102,1128]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">
<taxonomicName id="83B54D64FFDBFF81FE72D246FD18FBE1" baseAuthorityName="Holbrook" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[508,672,1102,1128]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auriculatus">D. auriculatus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
“the belly is unmistakably black but may be densely peppered with small whitish or silvery speckling (Fig. 14c)” (
<bibRefCitation id="20244B16FFDBFF81FD2CD27BFCC9FB05" author="Means, D. B. &amp; Lamb, J. Y. &amp; Bernardo, J." box="[674,881,1138,1164]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" pagination="467 - 506" refId="ref5278" refString="Means, D. B., Lamb, J. Y. &amp; Bernardo, J. (2017) A new species of dusky salamander (Amphibia: Plethodontidae: Desmognathus) from the eastern Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States and a redescription of D. auriculatus. Zootaxa, 4263 (3), 467 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4263.3.3" type="journal article" year="2017">
Means
<emphasis id="76C1EAF5FFDBFF81FD7BD27AFC95FB05" box="[757,813,1138,1164]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="10CA666FFFDBFF81FF19D147FBFEF87E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7103766" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7103766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7103766/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" startId="3.[151,250,1870,1894]" targetBox="[350,1242,1188,1847]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="440A36E7FFDBFF81FF19D147FBFEF87E" blockId="3.[151,1436,1870,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">
<emphasis id="76C1EAF5FFDBFF81FF19D147FEAAF8EE" bold="true" box="[151,274,1870,1895]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Holotype (MNHN 2021.0131/RAP0955) of
<emphasis id="76C1EAF5FFDBFF81FD59D146FC0EF8EE" box="[727,950,1871,1895]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">
<taxonomicName id="83B54D64FFDBFF81FD59D146FC0BF8EE" authorityName="Pyron &amp; Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[727,947,1871,1895]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valtos">Desmognathus valtos</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Specimen is an adult (53.1mm SVL), possibly a female based on apparent lack of mental gland and lack of peramorphic or hypertrophied jaw musculature. The holotype exhibits the diagnostic greenish-grey ground color with a reddish-orange dorsal wash, orangish stripe with indistinct margins on the dorsal surface of the tail, yellowish or orangish portholes on the lateral surfaces in three rows, and granular ventral color-pattern with clusters of xanthophores and melanophores interspersed with white flecks and speckles.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="10CA666FFFDCFF86FF19D5B5FDEDFB95" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7103772" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7103772" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7103772/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="591" startId="4.[151,250,956,980]" targetBox="[211,1376,181,932]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="440A36E7FFDCFF86FF19D5B5FDEDFB95" blockId="4.[151,1436,956,1053]" pageId="4" pageNumber="591">
<emphasis id="76C1EAF5FFDCFF86FF19D5B5FEADFC5D" bold="true" box="[151,277,956,980]" pageId="4" pageNumber="591">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Paratype (NCSM 108360/RAP2289) of
<emphasis id="76C1EAF5FFDCFF86FD31D5B5FC1AFC5D" box="[703,930,956,980]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="591">
<taxonomicName id="83B54D64FFDCFF86FD31D5B5FC26FC5D" authorityName="Pyron &amp; Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[703,926,956,980]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="4" pageNumber="591" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valtos">Desmognathus valtos</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Specimen is a juvenile or small adult (32.1 mm SVL) showing the same diagnostic features as the holotype, with more prominent dorsal color-pattern and lateral white flecking that is characteristic of younger individuals.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="10CA666FFFDCFF86FF19D183FA9EF863" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7103774" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7103774" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7103774/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="591" startId="4.[151,250,1930,1954]" targetBox="[205,1382,1076,1906]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="440A36E7FFDCFF86FF19D183FA9EF863" blockId="4.[151,1436,1930,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="591">
<emphasis id="76C1EAF5FFDCFF86FF19D183FEAFF82B" bold="true" box="[151,279,1930,1954]" pageId="4" pageNumber="591">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Paratype (AMNH A-193889/RAP2294) of
<emphasis id="76C1EAF5FFDCFF86FD69D183FC74F82B" box="[743,972,1930,1954]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="591">
<taxonomicName id="83B54D64FFDCFF86FD69D183FC70F82B" authorityName="Pyron &amp; Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[743,968,1930,1954]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="4" pageNumber="591" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valtos">Desmognathus valtos</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Specimen is a small adult (41.2 mm SVL) showing the same diagnostic features as the holotype, with more prominent dorsal color-pattern and lateral white flecking or speckling that is characteristic of younger individuals, with the latter extending noticeably onto the dorsal surfaces.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="10CA666FFFDDFF87FF16D587FDD5FC66" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7103778" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7103778" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7103778/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="592" startId="5.[152,255,910,934]" targetBox="[219,1368,151,887]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="440A36E7FFDDFF87FF16D587FDD5FC66" blockId="5.[151,1436,910,1007]" pageId="5" pageNumber="592">
<emphasis id="76C1EAF5FFDDFF87FF16D587FEAFFC2E" bold="true" box="[152,279,910,935]" pageId="5" pageNumber="592">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Comparative specimen (AMNH A-193891/RAP2303) of
<emphasis id="76C1EAF5FFDDFF87FCD5D586FB82FC2E" box="[859,1082,911,935]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="592">
<taxonomicName id="83B54D64FFDDFF87FCD5D586FB8EFC2E" authorityName="Pyron &amp; Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[859,1078,911,935]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="5" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valtos">Desmognathus valtos</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Specimen is a large adult (62.4 mm SVL) showing the same diagnostic features as the holotype, with very prominent reddish or orangish wash or stripe on the dorsal surface and very indistinct margins on the tail.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="10CA666FFFDDFF87FF19D166FBBAF87A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7103780" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7103780" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7103780/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="592" startId="5.[151,250,1903,1927]" targetBox="[219,1368,1031,1880]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="440A36E7FFDDFF87FF19D166FBBAF87A" blockId="5.[151,1437,1903,2035]" pageId="5" pageNumber="592">
<emphasis id="76C1EAF5FFDDFF87FF19D166FEABF80E" bold="true" box="[151,275,1903,1927]" pageId="5" pageNumber="592">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Comparative specimen (AMNH A-193890/RAP2297) of
<emphasis id="76C1EAF5FFDDFF87FCEFD166FBFAF80E" box="[865,1090,1903,1927]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="592">
<taxonomicName id="83B54D64FFDDFF87FCEFD166FB86F80E" authorityName="Pyron &amp; Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[865,1086,1903,1927]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="5" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valtos">Desmognathus valtos</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Specimen is transformed juvenile (17.2 mm SVL) with remnants of gill nubs, showing general approximation of the adult color pattern. This specimen exhibited substantial metachrosis after capture and rapid fading in preservative; in life, it exhibited more prominent differentiation of lateral, dorsal, and ventral surfaces and a bolder stripe on the dorsal surface of the tail.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="440A36E7FFDEFF84FF49D69EFD9AFE00" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,393]" pageId="6" pageNumber="593">
<emphasis id="76C1EAF5FFDEFF84FF49D69EFEABFF38" bold="true" box="[199,275,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="593">Notes:</emphasis>
Little is known about reproduction, larval morphology, or ecological interactions; a few notes were given by
<bibRefCitation id="20244B16FFDEFF84FF34D6B2FE5DFF5C" author="Robertson, W. B. &amp; Tyson, E. L." box="[186,485,186,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="593" pagination="130 - 147" refId="ref5866" refString="Robertson, W. B. &amp; Tyson, E. L. (1950) Herpetological notes from eastern North Carolina. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, 66, 130 - 147." type="journal article" year="1950">Robertson &amp; Tyson (1950)</bibRefCitation>
in comparison to
<emphasis id="76C1EAF5FFDEFF84FD21D6B2FC8EFF5C" box="[687,822,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="593">
D. “
<taxonomicName id="83B54D64FFDEFF84FD55D6B2FC94FF5C" baseAuthorityName="Rafinesque" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[731,812,187,213]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="6" pageNumber="593" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">fuscus</taxonomicName>
”
</emphasis>
(potentially representing multiple distinct species) and
<taxonomicName id="83B54D64FFDEFF84FF19D6D6FEF5FF70" authorityName="Stejneger" authorityYear="1895" box="[151,333,223,249]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="6" pageNumber="593" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brimleyorum">
<emphasis id="76C1EAF5FFDEFF84FF19D6D6FEF5FF70" box="[151,333,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="593">D. brimleyorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Sexual dimorphism has not been characterized, but adult males appear to exhibit peramorphic hypertrophied jaw musculature as in most other
<emphasis id="76C1EAF5FFDEFF84FD36D70AFCDEFE94" box="[696,870,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="593">
<taxonomicName id="83B54D64FFDEFF84FD36D70AFCDAFE94" authorityName="Baird" authorityYear="1850" box="[696,866,259,285]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="6" pageNumber="593" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Desmognathus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Ontogenetic change in color pattern is minimal; a
<quantity id="834D9B02FFDEFF84FF19D72EFF66FEC8" box="[151,222,295,321]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="593" unit="mm" value="17.0">17mm</quantity>
juvenile (
<figureCitation id="DC8E2A62FFDEFF84FEC1D72EFE2AFEC8" box="[335,402,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1903,1927]" captionTargetBox="[219,1368,1031,1880]" captionTargetId="figure-68@5.[219,1368,1031,1880]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 6. Comparative specimen (AMNH A-193890/RAP2297) of Desmognathus valtos. Specimen is transformed juvenile (17.2 mm SVL) with remnants of gill nubs, showing general approximation of the adult color pattern. This specimen exhibited substantial metachrosis after capture and rapid fading in preservative; in life, it exhibited more prominent differentiation of lateral, dorsal, and ventral surfaces and a bolder stripe on the dorsal surface of the tail." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7103780" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7103780/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="593">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
) was mostly transformed with barely any gill nubs visible, and a less colorful but essentially adult pattern. That specimen exhibited substantial metachrosis (primarily dorsal lightening) ~24 hours after capture, but this was not observed in adults.
</paragraph>
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57
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<taxonomicName id="42F1B80984051C0A2742D41A2EB2583E" ID-CoL="5XQPB" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Chenopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsutum" status="spec. nov.">Chenopodium hirsutum</taxonomicName>
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20. Chenopodium foliis teretibus obtusis tomentosis alternis, caule herbaceo.
<emphasis id="AC102F058635F0309B233F8349961306" italics="true">Sauv. monsp.7.</emphasis>
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Kali minus villosum.
<emphasis id="08F6565C5D90496BF6FA0F8D7166D03B" italics="true">Bauh. pin. 289. prodr. 133.</emphasis>
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Kali parvum hirsutum.
<emphasis id="99D6BF505F04668B980487631579F08F" italics="true">Bauh. hist. 702.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="D6438EFC955BF26BDF62DA8DA0ED1FB1" italics="true">Habitat</emphasis>
Monspelii
<emphasis id="4D8BC29021F6684589FBD98F76E315FB" italics="true">in maritimis.</emphasis>
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61
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<taxonomicName id="E76EBFC88F2B1FEE0028463AAA25B72A" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Liliopsida" family="Xanthorrhoeaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hyacinthoides" status="spec. nov.">Aloe hyacinthoides</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="2CC5C83E522C49D08617D33F38FD011C" pageNumber="321">4. Aloe floribus sessilibus horizontalibus infundibuliformibus aequalibus limbo revolutis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B979A047F0B8DB15D3BC42B9323386C" pageNumber="321">
Aloe foliis lanceolatis planis rectis radicatis.
<emphasis id="BEAEB832D88F8D3AB83266AB37B33BCB" italics="true">Hort. cliff. 132.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="4C2CD17C4F04EC560B8C13000C6310E3" italics="true">Hort. ups. 85.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="DD0C631BCAF5538B3BCF1EA4A6FFBBD3" italics="true">Fl. zeyl. 130.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="FF22908DE00BAC3871ADE9EAEE6B8C92" italics="true">Roy. lugdb. 24.</emphasis>
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α in
</emphasis>
Zeylona
<emphasis id="883C47E8FE99DE6A5B19D7D64548AD07" italics="true">, β. in</emphasis>
Guinea
<emphasis id="AFD69B7190DE185D7E41022787F04C55" italics="true">. ♃</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="E2843D38E52F972D7F625EB6DDCDD623" pageNumber="322">Plantae β flores non vidi, dubiam emendent vel confirment autoptae.</paragraph>
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