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<emphasis id="76DBEAE46209C75EFC76F763FB5BFDBC" bold="true" box="[972,1227,597,624]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Schistophoron variabile</emphasis>
Tibell
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14 (4): 242 (1982)
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. —
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, on coconut palms in rather open stand close to the shore, 1979,
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(holo-, UPS[UPS]), fide
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KNOWN DISTRIBUTION. — Reported from
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and the Galapagos Islands (
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,
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).
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<emphasis id="76DBEAE46209C75EFC97F6A3FB86FC63" box="[813,1046,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Schistophoron variabile</emphasis>
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has a white thallus with brown prothallus, sessile and subcircular to elliptical ascomata, ellipsoid, 2-3 transversely septate ascospores with smooth walls and absence of secondary substances (
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,
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).
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KEY TO THE SPECIES OF
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1. Ascospores muriform, ≥15.0 Μm long; psoromic acid present .................
<taxonomicName id="83AF4D756209C75EFC4AF365FAF2F9A7" ID-CoL="4V9G9" authority="Weerakoon &amp; Aptroot" authorityName="Weerakoon &amp; Aptroot (Weerakoon &amp; Aptroot" authorityYear="2016" box="[1008,1378,1619,1643]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Graphidaceae" genus="Schistophoron" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ostropales" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="muriforme">
<emphasis id="76DBEAE46209C75EFC4AF365FBE2F9A7" box="[1008,1138,1619,1643]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">S. muriforme</emphasis>
Weerakoon &amp; Aptroot
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<keyLead id="FF5E95C36209C75EFF6AF346FAF1F944" box="[208,1377,1647,1672]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">— Ascospores transversely septate or submuriform, ≤15.0 Μm long; psoromic acid absent ............................... 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
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<paragraph id="441036F66209C75EFF6AF395FAF1F977" blockId="7.[208,1377,1699,1752]" box="[208,1377,1699,1723]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">
<keyLead id="FF5E95C36209C75EFF6AF395FAF1F977" box="[208,1377,1699,1723]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">2. Ascospores transversely septate; lichexanthone present or secondary substances absent ................................ 3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="441036F66209C75EFF6AF3F6FAF1F914" blockId="7.[208,1377,1699,1752]" box="[208,1377,1728,1752]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">
<keyLead id="FF5E95C36209C75EFF6AF3F6FAF1F914" box="[208,1377,1728,1752]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">— Ascospores transversely septate to submuriform; stictic and norstictic acid present ...................................... 4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="FF5B2E536209C75EFF6AF3C5FAF1F8AD" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">
<paragraph id="441036F66209C75EFF6AF3C5FAF2F8E4" blockId="7.[208,1379,1778,1889]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">
<keyLead id="FF5E95C36209C75EFF6AF3C5FAF2F8E4" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">
3. Ascospores transversally 1-septate; lichexanthone present; ascomata orange pruinose; prothallus orange-brown ......................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="83AF4D756209C75EFC45F226FAF2F8E4" ID-CoL="4V9G7" authority="Aptroot &amp; Sipman" authorityName="Aptroot &amp; Sipman (Aptroot &amp; Sipman" authorityYear="2007" box="[1023,1378,1808,1832]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Graphidaceae" genus="Schistophoron" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ostropales" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="aurantiacum">
<emphasis id="76DBEAE46209C75EFC45F226FB08F8E4" box="[1023,1176,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">S. aurantiacum</emphasis>
Aptroot &amp; Sipman
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</keyLead>
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— Ascospores transversally 2-3 septate; secondary substances absent; ascomata epruinose; prothallus brown ........ ...........................................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="83AF4D756209C75EFB14F27CFAF1F8AD" ID-CoL="4V9GB" authority="Tibell" authorityName="Tibell" box="[1198,1377,1865,1889]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Graphidaceae" genus="Schistophoron" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ostropales" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="variabile">
<emphasis id="76DBEAE46209C75EFB14F27CFA8EF8AD" box="[1198,1310,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">S. variabile</emphasis>
Tibell
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</keyStep>
<keyStep id="FF5B2E536209C75EFF6AF24BFAF1F827" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">
<paragraph id="441036F66209C75EFF6AF24BFAF2F87D" blockId="7.[208,1380,1916,2027]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">
<keyLead id="FF5E95C36209C75EFF6AF24BFAF2F87D" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">
4. Ascomata constricted at the base,
<quantity id="83579B136209C75EFDEAF24BFD5AF858" box="[592,714,1917,1941]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" unit="mm" value="0.65" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.4">0.4-0.9 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="83579B136209C75EFCB2F24BFC12F858" box="[776,898,1917,1941]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" unit="mm" value="0.44999999999999996" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.3">0.3-0.6 mm</quantity>
high; ascospores 11-15 × 6-8 Μm, submuriform (2-3 transverse and 1 longitudinal septa) ...................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="83AF4D756209C75EFB63F2ACFAF2F87D" ID-CoL="6Y7QS" authority="Stirt." authorityName="Stirt." box="[1241,1378,1945,1969]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Graphidaceae" genus="Schistophoron" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ostropales" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="tenue">
<emphasis id="76DBEAE46209C75EFB63F2ACFAB8F87D" box="[1241,1320,1946,1969]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">S. tenue</emphasis>
Stirt.
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<paragraph id="441036F66209C75EFF6AF281FAF1F827" blockId="7.[208,1380,1916,2027]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">
<keyLead id="FF5E95C36209C75EFF6AF281FAF1F827" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">
— Ascomata not constricted at the base, 0.5-2.0 mm long,
<quantity id="83579B136209C75EFCFAF280FC5AF802" box="[832,970,1974,1998]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" unit="mm" value="0.325" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.25">0.25-0.4 mm</quantity>
high; ascospores submuriform (1 transverse and 1 longitudinal septum), (6-)7-9(-10) × 6-8 Μm .....................
<taxonomicName id="83AF4D756209C75EFC5EF2E5FAF1F827" ID-CoL="4V9G8" authority="Kr. P. Singh &amp; Swarnalatha" authorityName="Kr. P. Singh &amp; Swarnalatha (Singh &amp; Swarnalatha" authorityYear="2011" box="[996,1377,2003,2027]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Graphidaceae" genus="Schistophoron" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ostropales" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="indicum">
<emphasis id="76DBEAE46209C75EFC5EF2E5FBC0F827" box="[996,1104,2003,2027]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">S. indicum</emphasis>
Kr.P.Singh &amp; Swarnalatha
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@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
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<mods:namePart>Torres, Jean Marc</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Spielmann, Adriano Afonso</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Aptroot, André</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Laboratório de Botânica / Liquenologia, Av. Costa e Silva, s / n, 79070 - 900, Campo Grande, MS (Brazil) adriano. spielmann @ ufms. br (corresponding author)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Cardoso, Karen Fernandes</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas, Av. Costa e Silva, s / n, 79070 - 900, Campo Grande, MS (Brazil)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Honda, Neli Kika</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Química, Laboratório de pesquisa 2 (LP 2), Av. Costa e Silva, s / n, 79070 - 900, Campo Grande, MS (Brazil)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>Cryptogamie, Mycologie</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="4V9G8" authority="Kr. P. Singh &amp; Swarnalatha" authorityName="Kr. P. Singh &amp; Swarnalatha (Singh &amp; Swarnalatha" authorityYear="2011" box="[185,722,1267,1294]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Graphidaceae" genus="Schistophoron" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ostropales" pageId="4" pageNumber="213" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="indicum">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,435,1267,1294]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="213">Schistophoron indicum</emphasis>
Kr.P.Singh &amp; Swarnalatha
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</paragraph>
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<bibCitation box="[132,433,1324,1349]" issue="3" journal="Lichenologist" page="209" pageId="4" pageNumber="213" score="4.864797368871433" volume="43" year="2011">
<emphasis box="[132,250,1324,1348]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="213">Lichenologist</emphasis>
43 (3): 209 (2011)
</bibCitation>
. —
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:
<collectingCountry box="[529,583,1324,1348]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="213">India</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion box="[590,771,1324,1348]" country="India" name="Arunachal Pradesh" pageId="4" pageNumber="213">Arunachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
: East Siang district, Gette Basti, alt.
<emphasis box="[524,533,1352,1375]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="213">c</emphasis>
.
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,
<date box="[680,770,1351,1375]" pageId="4" pageNumber="213" value="1983-01-08">8.I.1983</date>
,
<emphasis box="[157,171,1378,1401]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="213">K</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[178,192,1378,1401]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="213">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[206,320,1377,1402]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="213">Singh 2858</emphasis>
(holo-, BSA[BSA]; iso-,
<collectingRegion box="[574,655,1378,1402]" country="India" name="Assam" pageId="4" pageNumber="213">ASSAM</collectingRegion>
[
<collectingRegion box="[669,759,1378,1402]" country="India" name="Assam" pageId="4" pageNumber="213">ASSAM</collectingRegion>
]), fide
<bibRefCitation author="SINGH K. P. &amp; SWARNALATHA G." box="[199,482,1404,1428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="213" pagination="209 - 212" refId="ref4452" refString="SINGH K. P. &amp; SWARNALATHA G. 2011. - A new species of Schistophoron from India. The Lichenologist 43 (3): 209 - 212. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0024282910000800" type="journal article" year="2011">Singh &amp; Swarnalatha (2011)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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SPECIMEN EXAMINED. —
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<collectingCountry box="[361,416,1453,1477]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="213">Brazil</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
.
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:Porto Murtinho, Fazenda Paleati,
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,
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,
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elev., corticolous, on tree trunk, footpath edge, open forest, slightly shaded,
<date box="[132,248,1531,1555]" pageId="4" pageNumber="213" value="2011-09-21">21.IX.2011</date>
,
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.
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.
<emphasis box="[308,518,1531,1555]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="213">Spielmann et al. 9546</emphasis>
(CGMS).
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KNOWN DISTRIBUTION. — Previously reported from East
<collectingCountry box="[723,775,1578,1602]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="213">India</collectingCountry>
(
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). Is the first report from
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.
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<mods:namePart>Torres, Jean Marc</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Spielmann, Adriano Afonso</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Aptroot, André</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Laboratório de Botânica / Liquenologia, Av. Costa e Silva, s / n, 79070 - 900, Campo Grande, MS (Brazil) adriano. spielmann @ ufms. br (corresponding author)</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">spielmann@ufms.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cardoso, Karen Fernandes</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas, Av. Costa e Silva, s / n, 79070 - 900, Campo Grande, MS (Brazil)</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Honda, Neli Kika</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Química, Laboratório de pesquisa 2 (LP 2), Av. Costa e Silva, s / n, 79070 - 900, Campo Grande, MS (Brazil)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number>13</mods:number>
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="4V9G9" authority="Weerakoon &amp; Aptroot" authorityName="Weerakoon &amp; Aptroot (Weerakoon &amp; Aptroot" authorityYear="2016" box="[191,717,1713,1740]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Graphidaceae" genus="Schistophoron" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ostropales" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="muriforme">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[191,465,1713,1740]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Schistophoron muriforme</emphasis>
Weerakoon &amp; Aptroot
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</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[132,776,1771,1848]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">
<bibCitation box="[132,433,1771,1795]" issue="2" journal="Phytotaxa" page="158" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" score="9.729594737742866" volume="280" year="2016">
<emphasis box="[132,225,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Phytotaxa</emphasis>
280 (2): 158 (2016)
</bibCitation>
. —
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:
<collectingCountry box="[536,633,1771,1795]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
. Morningside: on bark of tree,
<date box="[299,408,1797,1821]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" value="2015-04-24">24.IV.2015</date>
,
<emphasis box="[416,615,1797,1822]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">G. Weerakoon Mo12A</emphasis>
(holo-, PD[PD]; iso-, F[F]), fide
<bibRefCitation author="WEERAKOON G. &amp; APTROOT A." box="[309,606,1824,1848]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" pagination="152 - 162" refId="ref4799" refString="WEERAKOON G. &amp; APTROOT A. 2016. - Nine new lichen species and 64 new records from Sri Lanka. Phytotaxa 280 (2): 152 - 162. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 280.2.5" type="journal article" year="2016">Weerakoon &amp; Aptroot (2016)</bibRefCitation>
.
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<paragraph blockId="5.[132,206,1906,1932]" box="[132,206,1906,1932]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">
<heading box="[132,206,1906,1932]" fontSize="9" level="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" reason="5">NOTES</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[130,775,1937,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Weerakoon &amp; Aptroot (Weerakoon &amp; Aptroot" authorityYear="2016" box="[132,391,1937,1963]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Graphidaceae" genus="Schistophoron" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ostropales" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="muriforme">
<emphasis box="[132,391,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Schistophoron muriforme</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a pale yellowish to white thallus with a diffuse brown prothallus, sessile, elliptical or lirelliform or branched ascomata, globose to ellipsoid, large (15.0-30.0 ×
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[811,1457,789,975]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">
15.0-18.0 Μm) muriform (3-7 × 2-4 septate) ascospores, and contains psoromic acid (
<bibRefCitation author="WEERAKOON G. &amp; APTROOT A." box="[1077,1385,821,847]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" pagination="152 - 162" refId="ref4799" refString="WEERAKOON G. &amp; APTROOT A. 2016. - Nine new lichen species and 64 new records from Sri Lanka. Phytotaxa 280 (2): 152 - 162. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 280.2.5" type="journal article" year="2016">Weerakoon &amp; Aptroot 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[811,1457,789,975]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Weerakoon &amp; Aptroot (Weerakoon &amp; Aptroot" authorityYear="2016" box="[835,1096,853,879]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Graphidaceae" genus="Schistophoron" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ostropales" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="muriforme">
<emphasis box="[835,1096,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Schistophoron muriforme</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only known species in the genus that produces psoromic acid and has muriform ascospores. Known distribution: Only known from
<collectingCountry box="[1255,1360,917,943]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="WEERAKOON G. &amp; APTROOT A." pageId="5" pageNumber="214" pagination="152 - 162" refId="ref4799" refString="WEERAKOON G. &amp; APTROOT A. 2016. - Nine new lichen species and 64 new records from Sri Lanka. Phytotaxa 280 (2): 152 - 162. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 280.2.5" type="journal article" year="2016">Weerakoon &amp; Aptroot 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[995,1273,1044,1071]" box="[995,1273,1044,1071]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">
<taxonomicName authority="Stirt." box="[995,1273,1044,1071]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Graphidaceae" genus="Schistophoron" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ostropales" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="tenue">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[995,1211,1044,1071]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Schistophoron tenue</emphasis>
Stirt.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[813,1455,1101,1178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">
<bibCitation journal="Report and Transactions of the Glasgow Society of Field Naturalists" page="165" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" score="23.37384916479967" volume="4" year="1876">
<emphasis box="[813,1430,1101,1125]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Report and Transactions of the Glasgow Society of Field Naturalists</emphasis>
4: 165 (1876)
</bibCitation>
. —
<typeStatus box="[990,1041,1128,1152]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Type</typeStatus>
: West Africa. Bonny
<collectingRegion box="[1247,1303,1128,1152]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">River</collectingRegion>
:
<emphasis box="[1312,1407,1128,1151]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Aristov" authorityYear="2018" box="[1312,1368,1128,1151]" class="Insecta" family="Alienopteridae" genus="Grant" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Grant</taxonomicName>
s.n.
</emphasis>
, fide
<bibRefCitation author="TIBELL L." box="[835,968,1154,1178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" pagination="1 - 78" refId="ref4680" refString="TIBELL L. 1996. - Caliciales. Flora Neotropica 69: 1 - 78." type="journal article" year="1996">Tibell (1996)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[813,1457,1202,1305]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">
SPECIMEN EXAMINED. —
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1074,1135,1203,1227]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">
<collectingCountry box="[1074,1135,1203,1227]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Brazil</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
.
<collectingRegion box="[1150,1369,1202,1226]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso do Sul" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Mato Grosso Do Sul</collectingRegion>
: Jardim, Camping Seu Assis,
<geoCoordinate box="[1024,1160,1228,1252]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" precision="1" seconds="14.2" value="-21.42061">21°2514.2”S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[1173,1319,1228,1252]" degrees="56" direction="west" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" precision="1" seconds="16.7" value="-56.387974">56°2316.7”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity box="[1332,1399,1228,1252]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" unit="m" value="230.0">230 m</quantity>
elev., corticicolous, in riparian forest, Prata river, more or less shaded,
<date box="[814,932,1281,1305]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" value="2010-06-04">04.VI.2010</date>
.
<emphasis box="[941,1200,1281,1305]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">A.A. Spielmann et al. 5368</emphasis>
(CGMS).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[813,1455,1329,1512]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">
KNOWN DISTRIBUTION. — Previously reported in Africa from
<collectingCountry name="Cameroon" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
[wrongly reported as
<collectingCountry box="[1083,1155,1355,1379]" name="Nigeria" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
by
<bibRefCitation author="TIBELL L." box="[1190,1323,1355,1379]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" pagination="161 - 165" refId="ref4585" refString="TIBELL L. 1981. - Notes on Caliciales III. Some species from Africa. The Lichenologist 13 (2): 161 - 165. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0024282981000200" type="journal article" year="1981">Tibell (1981)</bibRefCitation>
],
<collectingCountry box="[1342,1455,1355,1380]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="TIBELL L." box="[821,935,1382,1406]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" pagination="161 - 165" refId="ref4585" refString="TIBELL L. 1981. - Notes on Caliciales III. Some species from Africa. The Lichenologist 13 (2): 161 - 165. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0024282981000200" type="journal article" year="1981">Tibell 1981</bibRefCitation>
) and
<collectingCountry box="[989,1061,1382,1406]" name="Nigeria" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="STIRTON J." box="[1074,1199,1382,1406]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" pagination="165 - 168" refId="ref4494" refString="STIRTON J. 1876. - Foreign lichens. Report and Transactions of the Glasgow Society of Field Naturalists 4: 165 - 168." type="journal article" year="1876">Stirton 1876</bibRefCitation>
), in America from the Galápagos Islands (
<bibRefCitation author="WEBER W." box="[967,1085,1408,1432]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" refId="ref4696" refString="WEBER W. 1976. - Lichenes exsiccati, distributed by the University of Colorado, schedae ad fasc. 12 - 13. Boulder, University of Colorado. No. 466 - 520." type="book" year="1976">Weber 1976</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="WEBER W." box="[1096,1148,1408,1432]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" pagination="85 - 104" refId="ref4732" refString="WEBER W. 1981. - Lichenes Exsiccati, distributed by the University of Colorado Museum, Boulder, fasc. 1 - 15, nos 1 - 600, 1961 - 1979. Mycotaxon 13 (1): 85 - 104." type="journal article" year="1981">1981</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="WEBER W." box="[1157,1210,1408,1432]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" pagination="451 - 497" refId="ref4776" refString="WEBER W. 1986. - The Lichen Flora of the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. Mycotaxon 27: 451 - 497." type="journal article" year="1986">1986</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="ELIX J. A. &amp; MCCARTHY P. M." box="[1218,1441,1408,1432]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" pagination="1 - 361" refId="ref4191" refString="ELIX J. A. &amp; MCCARTHY P. M. 1998. - Catalogue of the Lichens of the Smaller Pacific Islands. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 70: 1 - 361." type="journal article" year="1998">Elix &amp; McCarthy 1998</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry box="[813,964,1435,1459]" name="French Guiana" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry box="[976,1084,1435,1459]" name="Guatemala" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="TIBELL L." box="[1100,1218,1435,1459]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" pagination="1 - 78" refId="ref4680" refString="TIBELL L. 1996. - Caliciales. Flora Neotropica 69: 1 - 78." type="journal article" year="1996">Tibell 1996</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry box="[1241,1339,1435,1459]" name="Argentina" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="FERRARO L. I. &amp; MICHLIG A." pageId="5" pageNumber="214" pagination="739 - 746" refId="ref4223" refString="FERRARO L. I. &amp; MICHLIG A. 2011. - Nuevos registros de microliquenes para el norte de Argentina. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 82: 739 - 746." type="journal article" year="2011">Ferraro &amp; Michlig 2011</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry box="[964,1008,1462,1485]" name="Peru" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Peru</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry box="[1054,1151,1461,1485]" name="Venezuela" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="TIBELL L." box="[1164,1277,1461,1485]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" pagination="219 - 254" refId="ref4623" refString="TIBELL L. 1982. - Caliciales of Costa Rica. The Lichenologist 14 (4): 219 - 254. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0024282982000449" type="journal article" year="1982">Tibell 1982</bibRefCitation>
), and in Asia from
<collectingCountry box="[813,864,1488,1512]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">India</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="AWASTHI D. D." box="[878,1013,1488,1512]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" pagination="1 - 337" refId="ref4162" refString="AWASTHI D. D. 1991. - A key to the microlichens of India, Nepal and Sri Lanka. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 40: 1 - 337." type="journal article" year="1991">Awasthi 1991</bibRefCitation>
). It is the first report from
<collectingCountry box="[1278,1337,1488,1512]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
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Aptroot &amp; Sipman
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</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[813,1225,1420,1444]" pageId="3" pageNumber="212" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="3.[813,1457,1420,1630]" box="[813,1225,1420,1444]" pageId="3" pageNumber="212">
<bibCitation box="[813,1189,1420,1444]" journal="Bibliotheca Lichenologica" page="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="212" score="0.008756614515523065" volume="96" year="2007">
<emphasis box="[813,1045,1420,1444]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="212">Bibliotheca Lichenologica</emphasis>
96: 22 (2007)
</bibCitation>
. —
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="212" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="3.[813,1457,1420,1630]" pageId="3" pageNumber="212">
<typeStatus box="[1231,1281,1421,1445]" pageId="3" pageNumber="212">Type</typeStatus>
:
<collectingCountry box="[1291,1399,1420,1444]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="3" pageNumber="212">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="3" pageNumber="212">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
: Parque Nacional Carara (Area de Conservación Pacífico Central),
<quantity box="[924,983,1473,1497]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="212" unit="km" value="60.0">60 km</quantity>
WSW of
<collectingRegion box="[1073,1148,1473,1497]" country="Costa Rica" name="San Jose" pageId="3" pageNumber="212">San Jose</collectingRegion>
on road from Orotina to Quepos, trail from visitors center to Quebrada Bonita,
<geoCoordinate box="[1280,1352,1500,1524]" degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="212" precision="925" value="9.783334">9°47N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[1363,1449,1499,1523]" degrees="84" direction="west" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="212" precision="925" value="-84.583336">84°35W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity box="[835,900,1526,1550]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="212" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
elev., lowland moist forest zone: partly disturbed primary forest along stream with dense
<taxonomicName box="[1139,1383,1552,1576]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Erythrochiton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gymnanthus">
<emphasis box="[1139,1383,1552,1576]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="212">Erythrochiton gymnanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
understory, on bark (stem) in clearing,
<date box="[1144,1266,1579,1603]" pageId="3" pageNumber="212" value="2002-07-18">18.VII.2002</date>
,
<emphasis box="[1275,1294,1580,1603]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="212">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[1305,1455,1579,1603]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="212">Sipman 48386d</emphasis>
(holo-, B[B]; iso-, INBio[INBio]), fide
<bibRefCitation author="APTROOT A. &amp; SIPMAN H. J. M." box="[1201,1451,1605,1630]" pageId="3" pageNumber="212" pagination="21 - 24" refId="ref4099" refString="APTROOT A. &amp; SIPMAN H. J. M. 2007. - A new Schistophoron (Graphidaceae) from Costa Rica, in FRISCH A., LANGE U. &amp; STAIGER B. (eds), Lichenologische Nebenstunden - Contributions to lichen taxonomy and ecology in honour of Klaus Kalb. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 96: 21 - 24." type="journal article" year="2007">Aptroot &amp; Sipman (2007)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="212" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="3.[813,1456,1653,1704]" pageId="3" pageNumber="212">
KNOWN DISTRIBUTION. — Only known from
<collectingCountry box="[1242,1343,1653,1677]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="3" pageNumber="212">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="APTROOT A. &amp; SIPMAN H. J. M." pageId="3" pageNumber="212" pagination="21 - 24" refId="ref4099" refString="APTROOT A. &amp; SIPMAN H. J. M. 2007. - A new Schistophoron (Graphidaceae) from Costa Rica, in FRISCH A., LANGE U. &amp; STAIGER B. (eds), Lichenologische Nebenstunden - Contributions to lichen taxonomy and ecology in honour of Klaus Kalb. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 96: 21 - 24." type="journal article" year="2007">Aptroot &amp; Sipman 2007</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="213" pageId="3" pageNumber="212" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="3.[813,887,1746,1772]" box="[813,887,1746,1772]" pageId="3" pageNumber="212">
<heading box="[813,887,1746,1772]" fontSize="9" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="212" reason="5">NOTES</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[811,1456,1778,2028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="212">
This species is characterized by the white thallus with an orange hue, orange-brown prothallus, sessile and elliptical to shortly lirelliform, partially orange pruinose ascomata with carbonized wall, and grey to blackish-brown, uniseptate and ellipsoid (10-12 × 5-7 Μm) ascospores (
<bibRefCitation author="APTROOT A. &amp; SIPMAN H. J. M." box="[1136,1404,1905,1932]" pageId="3" pageNumber="212" pagination="21 - 24" refId="ref4099" refString="APTROOT A. &amp; SIPMAN H. J. M. 2007. - A new Schistophoron (Graphidaceae) from Costa Rica, in FRISCH A., LANGE U. &amp; STAIGER B. (eds), Lichenologische Nebenstunden - Contributions to lichen taxonomy and ecology in honour of Klaus Kalb. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 96: 21 - 24." type="journal article" year="2007">Aptroot &amp; Sipman 2007</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[811,1456,1778,2028]" lastBlockId="4.[131,775,1140,1198]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="213" pageId="3" pageNumber="212">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Aptroot &amp; Sipman (Aptroot &amp; Sipman" authorityYear="2007" box="[835,1108,1937,1963]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Graphidaceae" genus="Schistophoron" kingdom="Fungi" order="Ostropales" pageId="3" pageNumber="212" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="aurantiacum">
<emphasis box="[835,1108,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="212">Schistophoron aurantiacum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has lichexanthone in the thallus, being UV+ deep yellow and an orange, K+ deep violet red anthraquinone in the ascoma wall, thallus and especially the prothallus (
<bibRefCitation author="APTROOT A. &amp; SIPMAN H. J. M." box="[141,390,1140,1166]" pageId="4" pageNumber="213" pagination="21 - 24" refId="ref4099" refString="APTROOT A. &amp; SIPMAN H. J. M. 2007. - A new Schistophoron (Graphidaceae) from Costa Rica, in FRISCH A., LANGE U. &amp; STAIGER B. (eds), Lichenologische Nebenstunden - Contributions to lichen taxonomy and ecology in honour of Klaus Kalb. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 96: 21 - 24." type="journal article" year="2007">Aptroot &amp; Sipman 2007</bibRefCitation>
). This is the only known species in the genus with lichexanthone,and the only one with an anthraquinone.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>