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<document id="8928CE83FB4DF4DBD42B635606367F75" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.253.145350" ID-publisher-id="145350" URI-arpha="C2B2806C-BE26-5A59-B257-CCD9247AC12E" XM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" XM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" XM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" XM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="admin" XM.treatments_approvedBy="admin" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1740766344512" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Coutinho, Thales Silva, Barbosa-Silva, Rafael G. &amp; Dorr, Laurence J." docDate="2025" docId="0BCED60D73C05474A425B958422DE2D2" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 253: 33-56" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 253" docSource="https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/145350/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.phytokeys" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.phytokeys" docTitle="Christiana mennegae Kubitzki" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="C2B2806CBE265A59B257CCD9247AC12E" masterDocTitle="A synopsis of Christiana DC. (Malvaceae, Brownlowioideae), with a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="33" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1740773739297" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="7CB5BC6A3FB3C6DDFC7C37F85B745865" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="A0262C23B3F1EC6FD9FF8F4EBD8E5518">
<mods:title id="2ABB14A4ED89D43BCB2CF7E79A005FB9">A synopsis of Christiana DC. (Malvaceae, Brownlowioideae), with a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="E0780528F7C04A01E6F3ACAD6D66AD23" type="personal">
<mods:role id="1E425CE54B905E47583412BFCE4BAE8F">
<mods:roleTerm id="5B176F62763FC3639456785606F45B40">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A95FF8242CEEBB81570CB80A40C5AF90">Coutinho, Thales Silva</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="53BB2B8B35D2B0C0A1EBC2F451E3CFF8" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2173-4340</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="08D2C61441F2F5789A4D1B8ED435B7E7">Instituto de Biociências, Laboratório de Estudos Integrados de Plantas (LEIP), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, 78060 - 900, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="29FEB6668C88F84D04A3FA364AE4BD8D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B8E361D5D7726CA5484B2BC8C1FD7CE8">
<mods:roleTerm id="10400E45264C858F5B5EB9BC81DCEDB0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0C91AF976C116656B23B12962678810A">Barbosa-Silva, Rafael G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8953320B397A592C52ABB8C1A8BE2500" type="ORCID">0000-0002-0668-4840</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="1FFA5E395C5F31B576D87510AE8AF538">Coordenacão Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Pará, 66077 - 830, Brazil &amp; Institute of Systematic Botany, New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY, 10458 - 5126, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="E5EB9E9E4AD97E60C092A971C4013166" type="personal">
<mods:role id="7F0F41CF26EDD0D8D987A7A2F743CB71">
<mods:roleTerm id="3ACE4FCF21F872F48162DEF1ADC28042">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1985AC28093252EF770C4B4C70B9F7C0">Dorr, Laurence J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="88CB09B6CEEDCED95E7ACF28DC86D96B" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7157-363X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="5D102845F66A4C81C0B7091FD4F21C8A">Department of Botany, MRC- 166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, Washington, D. C. 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="0F76EF7FE27C384C8824C52B9E9B1C02">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="BD60211AD177DEDB1D46C024565161D2">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="22B7B5DDFD7A8D49ECE58488A9D5F049">
<mods:date id="E33B76349E5A5EA45D8355F2B5DBA003">2025</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="14A3896B272C36F0189559810FDAA9F1">2025-02-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="CFE3A4E672680D4F7882B77CEF587C91">253</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="D19E3D26E213417A8E868C4C080B8D32">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="C6D98BD2DAF1C6E0DF9F02D8280B4EFC" type="DOI">10.3897/phytokeys.253.145350</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="0BCED60D73C05474A425B958422DE2D2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14947789" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14947789" ID-arpha="0BCED60D-73C0-5474-A425-B958422DE2D2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0BCED60D73C05474A425B958422DE2D2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0BCED60D73C05474A425B958422DE2D2" scope_family="Malvaceae" scope_subFamily="Brownlowioideae">
<subSubSection id="8BFDE780F112C385CC10C715248B0F44" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="379F604A82EDB14510F31C49DACE978A">
<heading id="D147F87234E51F19636336A242F94C21" reason="label">4.</heading>
<taxonomicName id="CBA682F8EB4BF8E6ECC6A1DDD29B0435" ID-CoL="5YH57" authority="(Jans.-Jac. &amp; Westra) Kubitzki" authorityName="Kubitzki" baseAuthorityName="Jans. - Jac. &amp; Westra" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mennegae">
<emphasis id="25E01F3B60C499EF7CE5819E8EF8FD84" italics="true">Christiana mennegae</emphasis>
(Jans.-Jac. &amp; Westra)
<bibCitation id="E222EBF69E1C80BE5B6675984E4038DB" author="Kubitzki" issue="4" journal="Bot. Jahrb. Syst." page="541" score="144.29617767960897" volume="116" year="1995">
Kubitzki,
<bibCitation id="2DD5B78557555E6EDE45BFEEB3F712FE" issue="4" journal="Bot. Jahrb. Syst." page="541" score="144.29617767960897" volume="116" year="1995">Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 116 (4): 541. 1995</bibCitation>
</bibCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A1BEC02D55C19555011A36F8F460FBB9" type="description">
<paragraph id="B98D51B0A307F3FEA6FDF702A2C97482">
<figureCitation id="29122075CF279E7AD244877B21C7FD0D" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Several Christiana species found in Brazil A C. africana leaves B C. africana fruits C C. mennegae leaves D C. mennegae fruit E C. restingae leaves F C. restingae fruits. Photos: Rafael Gomes Barbosa-Silva (A – D), André Assis (E – F)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.253.145350.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1265768">Figs 1 C, D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="01BD120549767692FB5E9B8490E320C3" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Geographic distribution of Christiana found in South America with leaf blade outlines for each species. Four phytogeographic domains (Amazonian Forest, Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, and Cerrado) are indicated for Brazil, the center of diversity for the genus." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.253.145350.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1265769">2</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5E638B57F0AF43C93A220292497CAC21" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="108FE9795DD695A9908CDDB53168A812">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="36D2588C8651110D36C2B699D86CE29A">
<treatmentCitation id="79B6FACAA4B10B992A30A719425B70C4">
<taxonomicName id="081499DBAFDAD2E0DF9A11938990370B" ID-CoL="67TZJ" authority="Jans.-Jac. &amp; Westra" authorityName="Jans. - Jac. &amp; Westra" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Asterophorum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mennegae">
<emphasis id="68494DF252B44F1CB018E167696ECB57" italics="true">Asterophorum mennegae</emphasis>
Jans.-Jac. &amp; Westra
</taxonomicName>
, Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch., C, 86 (3): 377, figs.
<date id="0875C453BD005E95C45B0F3DD6D38FE2" value="1983-04-01">1–4. 1983</date>
</treatmentCitation>
. Type.
<collectingCountry id="D48113683CD9DB9746577276E1EC5BF6" name="Suriname">Suriname</collectingCountry>
: [
<collectingRegion id="F601BB6101E4FA11C322C1F5E52A5F85" country="Suriname" name="Sipaliwini">Sipaliwini</collectingRegion>
], ‘‘ Morro Grande’ ’ camp-forest island,
<quantity id="D95285CB23521FABE1FF847E4F4F8C6E" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
W of ‘‘ Morro Grande’ ’ dome,
<collectingRegion id="3574C7EB8DE0D52DBB4F73154C4DA8D1" country="Suriname" name="Sipaliwini">Sipaliwini</collectingRegion>
savanna area on the Brazilian frontier,
<date id="6CCBAB55499BBC483EAFD6E4FEE9D136" value="1968-11-04">04 Nov 1968</date>
(lf, fl, fr),
<emphasis id="174C4218ED3AE00018C373D04515AF53" italics="true">F. H. F. Oldenburger, R. Norde, &amp; J. P. Schulz ON 415</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="23A411FCA0294720AAD0DA32480BAB02" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, designated by
<bibRefCitation id="F61659CC1C42D086357C6ECBC1EB668B" DOI="10.7717/peerj.12244" author="Barbosa-Silva" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Barbosa-Silva" refId="B9" refString="Barbosa-Silva RG, Coutinho TS, Vasconcelos S, da Silva DF, Oliveira G, Zappi DC (2021) Preliminary placement and new records of an overlooked Amazonian tree, Christiana mennegae (Malvaceae). PeerJ 9 (e 12244): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12244" year="2021">Barbosa-Silva et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 4, 18): U [U 0006902; digital image!],
<typeStatus id="87D1612B0306296BC66F41C3C046CCCA" type="isolectotype">isolectotypes</typeStatus>
: K [K 000381142]!,
<collectionCode id="42072EC9F6434E169559618A433DBC86" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
[
<collectionCode id="F07F52351116C8BD623620D791C7C6C8" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" type="Herbarium">MO-</collectionCode>
036999]!,
<collectionCode id="D9024491B65BF799F3C15B9BF0101EBF" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
[00415374; digital image!], P [P 02143012]!, U [U 0006903; digital image!],
<collectionCode id="21424389A6F0C21156B853BC0E6C5EA6" country="Venezuela" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15643" name="Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela" type="Herbarium">VEN</collectionCode>
[
<collectionCode id="CEC9E3471977AD3D89E7DF5334F62F16" country="Venezuela" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15643" name="Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela" type="Herbarium">VEN</collectionCode>
409940; digital image!]).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ER1AG" type="material">
<paragraph id="563758953B0C29674638782E6FFD4240">
<heading id="A547C63682DCAEC4158F5867C579B897" reason="title">Type.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9AE5AB011810DB031DFB4705E9A663CE">
Based on
<taxonomicName id="E9E6487B78DB01A952238625D5E5072D" authority="Jans.-Jac. &amp; Westra" authorityName="Jans. - Jac. &amp; Westra" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Asterophorum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mennegae">
<emphasis id="C500B2513E75937D44AC13472605CD18" italics="true">Asterophorum mennegae</emphasis>
Jans.-Jac. &amp; Westra
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EC2AG" type="description">
<paragraph id="F76FF75ECA3BA725729C5F91202C0FEC">
<heading id="0E03C3F51FE11A25DA8710B57E4082C5" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="71F27EDB805455370CACD26BDEE5A1D6">
Trees,
<quantity id="198E1B98A4B62D4ACDE6BF171169940F" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="0.5" unit="m" value="11.0" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="5.0">5–17 m</quantity>
tall. Leaves: petioles
<quantity id="330E11E469391F53700DFBC2A02FD50C" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="1.8" unit="cm" value="3.65" valueMax="5.5" valueMin="1.8">1.8–5.5 cm</quantity>
long, leaf blades 12.3–29.5 ×
<quantity id="7B6BC7A6734A265BF00E2F1F3AEB79D5" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="5.0" unit="cm" value="7.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="5.0">5–9 cm</quantity>
, narrowly elliptic, lanceolate or oblanceolate, concolorous, bases rounded to obtuse, rarely subcordate, margins entire, apices acuminate to cuspidate, stellate-multiangulate and glandular trichomes above and below. Inflorescences short peduncled; flowers attached to peduncle. Capsules syncarpous,
<quantity id="4B97B3035491E954BB95356DA7FE27EA" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.2" unit="cm" value="1.5" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.8 cm</quantity>
long, depressed-globose, wings conspicuous.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EH2AG" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="E59AB34CADD0141C8EF3F71E24EB2793">
<heading id="EAC924BB77D80B1B34DB5A11DBC22407" reason="title">Distribution and habitat</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="85995D4B36A50AC5C613861F5A807C17">
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="AC60F6879B1890A8B87AC06824FDB290" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Geographic distribution of Christiana found in South America with leaf blade outlines for each species. Four phytogeographic domains (Amazonian Forest, Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, and Cerrado) are indicated for Brazil, the center of diversity for the genus." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.253.145350.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1265769">2</figureCitation>
). Found in
<collectingCountry id="D722F48226279E4FB70513BAFAD02A20" name="Suriname">Suriname</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="61317C069D3AA3C308581889143317C0" name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="0CE2D4A9EA1CDA9775C0B56B16326C56" name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(Amazonas,
<collectingRegion id="48D5FDDD5D9E5341BBD028E55F9476CC" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
, and Pará states) at
<quantity id="EBA36D2531228906F8C7A457927509B9" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" unit="m" value="550.0" valueMax="600.0" valueMin="500.0">500–600 m</quantity>
elevation. This species grows in Amazonian Rainforest and areas of evergreen seasonal forest in Savanna (
<bibRefCitation id="B33FE8083B61301C4CC4C145AEFC8FE0" DOI="10.7717/peerj.12244" author="Barbosa-Silva" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Barbosa-Silva" refId="B9" refString="Barbosa-Silva RG, Coutinho TS, Vasconcelos S, da Silva DF, Oliveira G, Zappi DC (2021) Preliminary placement and new records of an overlooked Amazonian tree, Christiana mennegae (Malvaceae). PeerJ 9 (e 12244): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12244" year="2021">Barbosa-Silva et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EV2AG" type="phenology">
<paragraph id="18BFF48F6A75338D21861234E8B8ABB3">
<heading id="23822C8DB3EB80F35E39A5F95E2EF0E5" reason="title">Phenology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="13C8BC3381A8C711A410CDB7AF8F43DE">Flowering specimens collected in January, September, and November and fruiting in January, April, July, September, and November.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E12AG" type="conservation status">
<paragraph id="CC526709A0DC744C2DE9F59EF8F1C02E">
<heading id="E702ED3A2A25C53F8FBC5C72E557C917" reason="title">Conservation status.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8611A9B355B5E71C9D8C7B7853769CC3">
Least Concern (LC) (
<bibRefCitation id="3F8A720A1B1FB94C0A83D5709D30EB77" DOI="10.7717/peerj.12244" author="Barbosa-Silva" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Barbosa-Silva" refId="B9" refString="Barbosa-Silva RG, Coutinho TS, Vasconcelos S, da Silva DF, Oliveira G, Zappi DC (2021) Preliminary placement and new records of an overlooked Amazonian tree, Christiana mennegae (Malvaceae). PeerJ 9 (e 12244): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12244" year="2021">Barbosa-Silva et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EE3AG" type="Vernacular name">
<paragraph id="778E55F0B79BA1CA83E24B0ACDE3FDBE">
<heading id="EBC1558B434F3C6F78149CDF011AC041" reason="title">Vernacular name.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EB28FB003C12256A737D290C928B3E57">
<collectingCountry id="A6E5EAABF4075B70BCF7CC9A880E057E" name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
: Tartaruguinha.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EJ3AG" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="3D1980F50239D083626B3C84C93D78E9">
<heading id="38E7324FB6E145EBD9ED7E99313EB400" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7A1C77DA40DE067E18BABE8ED1F49F78">
The specific epithet honors Dr. Alberta M. W. Mennega, plant taxonomist and wood anatomist (
<bibRefCitation id="5392130E45D0B9F4ACAB9103E288E952" author="Jansen-Jacobs and Westra" firstAuthor="Jansen-Jacobs" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht" pagination="377-383" refId="B38" refString="Jansen-Jacobs MJ, Westra LYT (1983) Studies on the flora of the Guianas. II. A new species of Asterophorum (Tiliaceae) from Suriname. Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht 524 (1): 377–383." title="Studies on the flora of the Guianas. II. A new species of Asterophorum (Tiliaceae) from Suriname." volume="524" year="1983">Jansen-Jacobs and Westra 1983</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ET3AG" type="material">
<paragraph id="ED699B0C5C7CC3D24B2506E1A9CCEF42">
<heading id="859BD7B1BA455A8C2BBB8061B2143277" reason="title">Additional specimens examined.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE3E388C62E2781B9B08F6158D60534F">
<emphasis id="A485A6E5BD5B1D3B9E421C50E59DFF13" bold="true">
<collectingCountry id="3FAF8C6BB4218576592451C357952567" name="Suriname">Suriname</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
Area of Kabalebo Dam project, distr.
<collectingRegion id="C21A40F82B5C28743824376E46511822" country="Suriname" name="Nickerie">Nickerie</collectingRegion>
, 4 o- 5 o NB, 57 ° 30 ’ - 58 ° WL,
<quantity id="FE5E6219A560C2BD20EC4C36F80DB023" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="3.0" unit="m" value="80.0" valueMax="130.0" valueMin="30.0">30–130 m</quantity>
, forest along trail to Wonotobo about ½ km W of road km 109,
<date id="4F894B8713707B1CC20999B9AAF5E70D" value="1980-09-24">24 Sep 1980</date>
(st),
<emphasis id="2D2B41A1413DE0AFCB4E930AEFD8B936" italics="true">J. C. Lindeman et al. 589</emphasis>
[= Woodsample Uw 26517] (
<collectionCode id="377AB06AA5ADBC6CF84440C20A6E1E17" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="606FFE1A5C91EB7A152F50520C0DB367" bold="true">
<collectingCountry id="EA0CA6259B8A0F9D294E5319A1B29465" name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="B6EBFD23C934A72B436BC5856A098A93" country="Peru" name="San Martin">San Martín</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Prov. Mariscal Cáceres; Tocache Nuevo, nor oeste del Caserío de Bambamarca,
<quantity id="FA61476D40ACDA1F9FB35161AC5FD4DE" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" unit="m" value="550.0" valueMax="600.0" valueMin="500.0">500–600 m</quantity>
,
<date id="6E079BE8A7AA0D8ED434CFFB96C6EA12" value="1972-11-15">15 Nov 1972</date>
(fr),
<emphasis id="6F637DE7808FE5A32F1774D276B91039" italics="true">J. Schunke V. 5516</emphasis>
(F [F 1780039; digital image],
<collectionCode id="59253FFA2AC72A09757B14204E3ADB90" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="6B58F31A0DD381C49CCF934B4B1FFC50" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
, W).
<emphasis id="A403DF1E19B8805335822EA92EA284F6" bold="true">
<collectingCountry id="7B0E556F1905A398271C5F7FB4F88510" name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. Amazonas
</emphasis>
: margem de um igarapé que nasce na Serra de Aracá,
<date id="460A51100E4F347BF1DAAD2482E9F515" value="1977-07-28">28 Jul 1977</date>
(fr),
<emphasis id="C144B6DF8DB8DA553A414E6AA94CD6B8" italics="true">N. A. Rosa &amp; M. R. Cordeiro 1699</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="A38EAC0E6EAE15FE9BA1D0BBC8288CC0" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15591" name="Embrapa Amazônia Oriental" type="Herbarium">IAN</collectionCode>
, 2 sheets [digital images],
<collectionCode id="519402703EA17806676D286E65EACE29" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15528" name="Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro" type="Herbarium">RB</collectionCode>
[digital image]).
<emphasis id="DDB8C645740C97DF0C0969DC499DD870" bold="true">
<collectingRegion id="5915A818FDF18EA030279963F0CB771A" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Itaúba, Resgate de Flora da UHE Colíder, lote G de supressão,
<date id="A62E6FB8279789593A2774937CB04D87" value="2015-05-28">28 May 2015</date>
(fr),
<emphasis id="B67B0EC9E44E58F3ABE089C0625E5375" italics="true">J. P. Battisti s. n.</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="335819E8634C821D856EDD627D817D45">CNMT</collectionCode>
[7492; digital image], MBM [403702; digital image]).
<emphasis id="181A32F6604CED665AB0130EB0575663" bold="true">Pará</emphasis>
: Parque Zoobotânico,
<date id="77D191B3AD50A8B0363C71268CAAEE41" value="2019-11-05">05 Nov 2019</date>
(fl),
<emphasis id="5DE4A32AF56870885A9B16BA41557746" italics="true">R. G. Barbosa-Silva et al. 1424</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="899BE5936EE71161ABD908A175512DCC" country="China" name="Museum of Zoology">MG</collectionCode>
); Paragominas, ramal principal após entrada para sede,
<date id="40615956AAD854798CFC95C88C0B0DB0" value="2023-06-29">29 Jun 2023</date>
(fr),
<emphasis id="427FD6E257F8EB24C907CF3477A631ED" italics="true">E. D. Cruz et al. 1629</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="5A6157713E391F8FA90792F7322FBDC6" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15591" name="Embrapa Amazônia Oriental" type="Herbarium">IAN</collectionCode>
[digital image]); Nova-Canaã dos Carajás [Canaã dos Carajás],
<date id="71F67FA82F3C972A89E0C78D5B835F04" value="2001-01-06">06 Jan 2001</date>
(fl, fr),
<emphasis id="23F2FDEB95CDCF43BEDF1C488E26984D" italics="true">L. C. B. Lobato 2624</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="FB2D138A0339C7D8C33647DCB56CFF52" country="China" name="Museum of Zoology">MG</collectionCode>
); Km 141 da rodovia Belém-Brasília,
<date id="98026F1C762414AD6B05296455E21F00" value="1960-02-19">19 Fev 1960</date>
(st),
<emphasis id="38597E98812189C6922CD08010933E27" italics="true">E. Oliveira 538</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="5EA61D55C50D92302E5BB49AA26BFB98" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15591" name="Embrapa Amazônia Oriental" type="Herbarium">IAN</collectionCode>
[digital image]); Km 167–173 da estrada Belém-Brasília,
<date id="9226046E2277E0F34B643EDBF15CCDAA" value="1960-04-25">25 Apr 1960</date>
(fr),
<emphasis id="8A74967995D46676A2F1C8C452F9CE35" italics="true">E. Oliveira 565</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="AC58F743438B4EB43C93F4E6F81677DA" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15591" name="Embrapa Amazônia Oriental" type="Herbarium">IAN</collectionCode>
[digital image]); Sine loc., mata da Cia. Pirelli, Fazenda Uriboca,
<date id="7DEA7DE4B0FA02520A6BB37DA16EC610" value="1958-07">Jul 1958</date>
(fr),
<emphasis id="F7556C9E7D47CAEFBCFB6281813549B7" italics="true">J. M. Pires 7041</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="F81E288687CF18802D0F5F19A1E1D61C" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15591" name="Embrapa Amazônia Oriental" type="Herbarium">IAN</collectionCode>
, 2 sheets [digital images]); Marabá, [Mun. Parauapebas], Serra dos Carajás,
<date id="7581AD55F9DE75C3561028EBC4F3124E" value="1988-11-29">29 Nov 1988</date>
(fr),
<emphasis id="DD80131879FF035BB00B3DEE14E6A31E" italics="true">N. A. Rosa &amp; F. C. Nascimento 5084</emphasis>
(K,
<collectionCode id="1A3841559AA585B98EE58535F6180F72" country="China" name="Museum of Zoology">MG</collectionCode>
[n. v.]); Parauapebas, Floresta Nacional de Carajás, imediações do Parque Zoobotânico,
<date id="F564825E6D4518BF295D7D407B5AB870" value="2018-09-06">06 Sep 2018</date>
(fl, fr),
<emphasis id="5749032C72E797AEF48657FBC02C4DE2" italics="true">D. C. Zappi et al. 4562</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="4B406788CBD851B028105EF7A73F8C63" country="China" name="Museum of Zoology">MG</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EC5AG" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="B34A2A33A21990D1FD372D4A5EC97110">
<heading id="AC20E98A6FD19115343A3FAA71A3244F" reason="title">Discussion.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C889D1405003C43DAEE2C6BAE4C42E7">
<taxonomicName id="A4CEAB0561B61E5F40D0EA3C49F97C8B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mennegae">
<emphasis id="EC015E72E2821444B6096F44E2B49C41" italics="true">Christiana mennegae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is recognized by its short-peduncled inflorescences.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F4B7E0CCF203329C7ED8BE159B5A5867">
For additional details see the extensive and detailed discussion in
<bibRefCitation id="94106C74BD535C89B227BC739710CD70" DOI="10.7717/peerj.12244" author="Barbosa-Silva RG &amp; Coutinho TS &amp; Vasconcelos S &amp; da Silva DF &amp; Oliveira G &amp; Zappi DC" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Barbosa-Silva" refId="B9" refString="Barbosa-Silva RG, Coutinho TS, Vasconcelos S, da Silva DF, Oliveira G, Zappi DC (2021) Preliminary placement and new records of an overlooked Amazonian tree, Christiana mennegae (Malvaceae). PeerJ 9 (e 12244): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12244" year="2021">Barbosa-Silva et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

341
data/52/58/E6/5258E624DE995E4DB25DD3A608C8E6F4.xml Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
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<mods:mods id="9C34CD65077BB76C69A948C0246810A9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="DEC90BBC68EB651A1C85FAF1038CB736">A synopsis of Christiana DC. (Malvaceae, Brownlowioideae), with a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:namePart id="BF1D22E28FC89F6C51784A9B9CD887B0">Coutinho, Thales Silva</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="15D05B6E8DB1064B0B13AD185071AE8E">Barbosa-Silva, Rafael G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="339B41E46DB6ABA9F521445E963EA5C0">Coordenacão Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Pará, 66077 - 830, Brazil &amp; Institute of Systematic Botany, New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY, 10458 - 5126, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="C6843B8B1052F602981AF7BDC0648378">Department of Botany, MRC- 166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, Washington, D. C. 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="B2113C59B2EBCF2BCBF2D070AFE9C0BA">2025</mods:date>
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<treatment id="5258E624DE995E4DB25DD3A608C8E6F4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14947793" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14947793" ID-arpha="5258E624-DE99-5E4D-B25D-D3A608C8E6F4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5258E624DE995E4DB25DD3A608C8E6F4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5258E624DE995E4DB25DD3A608C8E6F4" scope_family="Malvaceae" scope_subFamily="Brownlowioideae">
<subSubSection id="27C8C805931C8B4A4EC211515C6D377D" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="68845CA0F3F621CAE582BD6ED8781CC6">
<heading id="67FA3E28DB6E500B4878861655AB16E6" reason="label">6.</heading>
<treatmentCitation id="60EA54A6A61435ECC31700CAA6550159" author="Kubitzki" issue="4" journal="Bot. Jahrb. Syst." page="541" score="144.29617767960897" volume="116" year="1995">
<taxonomicName id="EA60542F0D88EEE0056E428372201287" ID-CoL="5YGSW" authority="(Baill.) Kubitzki" authorityName="Kubitzki" baseAuthorityName="Baill." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vescoana">
<emphasis id="BEAE6DFFEBC654C7D9D170FCC2741664" italics="true">Christiana vescoana</emphasis>
(Baill.) Kubitzki
</taxonomicName>
, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 116 (4): 541. 1995
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00FC6B67EDF03C8AD5B4C5DD9302B5C5" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="1F52A156F1CAE4C956BD6709848BA79C">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B3B9DC5FA549561B8C4F7E0303268740">
<treatmentCitation id="D6120656FE94C47461C2E1C7E1258FB6" author="Baill." journal="Adansonia" page="240" score="9.729594737742866" volume="10" year="1872">
<taxonomicName id="1F7DCB5356D3242035BA62E838EE5DF7" authority="Baill." authorityName="Baill." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Berrya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vescoana">
<emphasis id="4FB20F36C766793BD3D64D40F70365CC" italics="true">Berrya vescoana</emphasis>
Baill.
</taxonomicName>
, Adansonia 10: 240. 1872
</treatmentCitation>
. Type. Tahiti. Sine loc., 1847 (fr),
<emphasis id="A5796D9FE3287121D7A6C5825A098AA9" italics="true">J. N. E. Vesco s. n.</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="AE71105F864E5886259E088C27D8027D" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, here designated: P [P 00637093; digital image!];
<typeStatus id="522CF9DEEF6E558E2B51F422B843845B" type="isolectotype">isolectotypes</typeStatus>
: BISH [
<collectionCode id="C28EF4B48688D6115878C2696D5331BF" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15708" name="Bishop Museum, Botany Division" type="Herbarium">BISH</collectionCode>
1003216; digital image!], P [P 00637094; digital image!], P [P 00637095; digital image!], P [P 04756685; digital image!], P [P 04756686; digital image!]).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="997F097BBF22C8F6007FD980C02BB5B9">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="9BDC5A900D073EE546DC0480A6B96491">
<treatmentCitation id="9C229C3B73F6786712A7235C7015C1FD">
<taxonomicName id="0307B064BE13CF00FE8C1093AE621B71" ID-CoL="9XXDG" authority="Nadeaud" authorityName="Nadeaud" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Entelea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tahitensis">
<emphasis id="42C19FBE784331B23EB7DF2BE5063DBE" italics="true">Entelea tahitensis</emphasis>
Nadeaud
</taxonomicName>
, Énum. Pl. Tahiti 69. 1873
</treatmentCitation>
. Type. Tahiti, [Ravins de Papaihonu,
<specimenCount id="ACD951798A3D81543A0DB29253D10F69" count="600" type="generic">
<quantity id="D902B9A86D9C5531F81CCBBA4F6C23D0" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
], s. d. (fr),
<emphasis id="EFA8A34D9976275A257E367600EF5FB9" italics="true">J. Nadeaud 439</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="D10FCC05C58D041A0354BC2AC3C0E4F6" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, here designated: P [P 04756684; digital image!];
<typeStatus id="5D112E6DCBCE836E398C681C73A11C00" type="isolectotype">isolectotypes</typeStatus>
: BISH [
<collectionCode id="AABDF34DDBF3BC940309C8AAAFAAB6E6" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15708" name="Bishop Museum, Botany Division" type="Herbarium">BISH</collectionCode>
1003217; digital image!], G, 3 sheets [G 00393886; digital images!], P [P 04756683; digital image!], P [P 00637089; digital image!], P [P 00637090; digital image!], P [P 00637091; digital image!], P [P 00637092; digital image!]).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F1188A5E85336BFA3120BC750DA5195">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BA9E17ADEF69C51B9B9BFFF22B6C85B9">
<treatmentCitation id="920B3882430F00B83F43476E20E9414A" author="Nadeaud" page="125" score="0.0035084980048426732" volumeTitle="Ins. Pacif." year="1890">
<taxonomicName id="24251B97484386632F1E0A8A261869A2" ID-CoL="LMH9" authority="(Nadeaud) Drake" authorityName="Drake" baseAuthorityName="Nadeaud" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Berrya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tahitensis">
<emphasis id="9563E8DEE435D2A75B93B8DD7D4B752F" italics="true">Berrya tahitensis</emphasis>
(Nadeaud) Drake
</taxonomicName>
, Ill. Fl. Ins. Pacif.: 125. 1890
</treatmentCitation>
[“ 1886 ”] (“
<emphasis id="F2310206B09547DC50D441BB2517E851" italics="true">B.</emphasis>
(?)
<taxonomicName id="78FEFD724E7F0ACE580650A0C5C11EB7" ID-CoL="LMH9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Tahitensis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B323165F8C45F615A2E0EAD923D5D421" italics="true">Tahitensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”). Type. Based on
<taxonomicName id="C7B0B426B911ED363A55FFB4C3633DF2" ID-CoL="9XXDG" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Entelea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tahitensis">
<emphasis id="41650A7C41B61FD2BC55BEB1EF6808E4" italics="true">Entelea tahitensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="335897C4C7CC38B6570A16E9B51CE8EC">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="0EE6508DF1E0B85D4D219A9803D073FE">
<treatmentCitation id="D0D1F25753AD6F195782E106E68AC1A5">
<taxonomicName id="406505F4ADE4B611CD84D0A811297DDA" ID-CoL="54JZK" authority="(Baill.) Burret" authorityName="Burret" baseAuthorityName="Baill." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Tahitia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vescoana">
<emphasis id="BABCB64CA07972F4A898EE5A8996AE3F" italics="true">Tahitia vescoana</emphasis>
(Baill.) Burret
</taxonomicName>
, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9: 607, 610. 1926
</treatmentCitation>
. Type. Based on
<taxonomicName id="6EBD7F7EAE70959E4EB9A92CABF3FD6E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Berrya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vescoana">
<emphasis id="B1FF48ACD1626F649B2ECE786CCAEB58" italics="true">Berrya vescoana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A4D9FCBCBAB2D7A51A643BFF67F1F46A">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="5EED1A165327E1BF77611D6AF65A772D">
<treatmentCitation id="F5536FC85605744B077E0F0B4751F49A" author="Nadeaud" page="282" score="1.97023359760351E-6" volumeTitle="Societensis" year="1998">
<taxonomicName id="87852302C0DA5E7F144AF5CCE5456DCD" ID-CoL="54JZJ" authority="(Nadeaud) S. L. Welsh" authorityName="S. L. Welsh" baseAuthorityName="Nadeaud" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Tahitia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tahitensis">
<emphasis id="650FCE5F7955943D9F315A59CB90EDB2" italics="true">Tahitia tahitensis</emphasis>
(Nadeaud) S. L. Welsh
</taxonomicName>
, Fl. Societensis: 282. 1998
</treatmentCitation>
. Type. Based on
<taxonomicName id="649997A1154157BAF1AAE6DE2E07C8E3" ID-CoL="9XXDG" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Entelea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tahitensis">
<emphasis id="DC8679D0E37B52A2F098E7762D2E06E3" italics="true">Entelea tahitensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E62BG" type="material">
<paragraph id="922FE49CE58B6AAEF8C3006D2A3B5BD3">
<heading id="B66223365F1D204903D9B098B17ED323" reason="title">Type.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="06FC133590629AFC9F9AFC997B79430E">
Based on
<taxonomicName id="56A5DCD9CECAC34269D61EE73D2B7386" authority="Baill." authorityName="Baill." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Berrya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vescoana">
<emphasis id="43298DA8F15CE954BF5DC308EE410383" italics="true">Berrya vescoana</emphasis>
Baill.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EQ3BG" type="description">
<paragraph id="758EB8E8BD92B0FAEEF66AAD5580EDFA">
<heading id="1AE50AE967CFB574D87A5FCB609DDB5E" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5244B1DC5B42E108FBCCF9C551314729">
Trees,
<quantity id="8319709F3E480D48149DBB2DC5AEC5DE" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" unit="m" value="6.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.0">5–8 m</quantity>
tall. Leaves: petioles
<quantity id="D32B7D3211939D5E6E5EB359ED85D6CE" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="2.5" unit="cm" value="4.5" valueMax="6.5" valueMin="2.5">2.5–6.5 cm</quantity>
long, leaf blades 11–21 ×
<quantity id="F0228E178BBB6AE724673CE2088ED339" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.15" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="7.3" unit="cm" value="9.15" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="7.3">7.3–11 cm</quantity>
, widely ovate, concolorous to slightly discolorous, bases cordate, margins slightly dentate apically, apices acuminate, stellate trichomes above and below. Inflorescences short peduncled; flowers attached to peduncle. Capsules syncarpous, c.
<quantity id="40ED2571530768DBACC4BE4811C14624" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
long, depressed-globose, wings conspicuous.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EV3BG" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="0E1566B9A78B35915D9CD018BECBB4DA">
<heading id="98549D991BA9874FBBB04EF320D22E69" reason="title">Distribution and habitat.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="93583581336ACC53EAFA38BDF3785365">
Found only on the islands of Moorea and Tahiti in
<collectingCountry id="568332AE595932D23C43988B3CC5D5E9" name="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</collectingCountry>
at 100–280 (– 600) m elevation. The species is poorly known with relatively few recent collections.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E13BG" type="phenology">
<paragraph id="241F0FDE42B01A4B6D6D85A987E8437D">
<heading id="48A0D44516EAD2DA9CFD20231AB67609" reason="title">Phenology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A39B41862CF7BAED7C73BE285005AEA">Fruiting specimens collected in April, May, and June.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E63BG" type="conservation status">
<paragraph id="74C865AE4EF47173825C51E5D250A509">
<heading id="4FBA492F50CD81D1F1DFF8F67F6F1EE5" reason="title">Conservation status.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="292EE683601518DF19736829229EEAF7">
<taxonomicName id="E07792235CC182F2BC7629891B089E41" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vescoana">
<emphasis id="55CAD918CC8B9B05D6E47F5EF068728B" italics="true">Christiana vescoana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a restricted and endemic population and presents an AOO of
<quantity id="0F76A65760E34E209D6FA20B37C3AA6B" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
<superScript id="53650FE5269882E1699DE4CED9F5FBE7">2</superScript>
and EOO of
<quantity id="10C0594B4622B143F2EDA6D640BB71F5" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4814" unit="km" value="248.14">248.140 km</quantity>
<superScript id="53F591AD14AAED82A6BD532028CEE2CA">2</superScript>
. It is assessed here as Critically Endangered (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EU4BG" xlink_title="Critically Endangered">EN</abbrev>
), under D 1 criterion as it has a reduced number of mature individuals, according to
<bibRefCitation id="4BFDE6805A343EC4486CCA8197C9C9F2" journalOrPublisher="IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK" refId="B37" refString="IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. 2 nd edn. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, 32 pp." title="IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. 2 nd edn." year="2012">IUCN (2012</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E34BG" type="Vernacular names">
<paragraph id="894DE9123C6A6E542C494C678FADDAE1">
<heading id="3BA6F056CFD431911FFD5E63ABE6788E" reason="title">Vernacular names.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2B6064155BEFDEF56015AA50F367B51B">Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EB5BG" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="1E0A9C7545F33175347BD61F91C5DE47">
<heading id="F2A2262A8C8E0F5C69D3B8D237725DED" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F1DD1D882E7D0B4A6CCDE81535AE967A">The specific epithet honors Jean Nicolas Eugène Vesco, Naval surgeon and botanist, who collected the type.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EG5BG" type="material">
<paragraph id="C4C73A9E4DD81876DDF5CEEA7B78FDE1">
<heading id="64E3D2EDE3C8E575936DD7171F12264B" reason="title">Additional specimens examined.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="448DF368D1276EBF166F50647154A845">
<emphasis id="8A392315F6613607D62498B62AE744B0" bold="true">
<collectingCountry id="E9B8188B91E276AD904B8BC86427F029" name="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</collectingCountry>
. Moorea
</emphasis>
: Vallée de Maharepa,
<date id="E7E0EE585389C1D89D65497C338AFF7D" value="2004-04-23">23 Apr 2004</date>
(fr),
<emphasis id="F6D422D1536196EBE080E6EAA08CAA45" italics="true">J. F. Butaud 439</emphasis>
(P, 2 sheets [P 05253217, P 05253221; digital images]); Mt Raaiu [sic],
<date id="FA8237C4860961F8E1C180F49901129F" value="1898-04-16">16 Apr 1898</date>
(fr),
<emphasis id="200EA5109005D3C64B8E2AF48FC84CF7" italics="true">J. Nadeaud s. n.</emphasis>
(P [P 05253216; digital image]).
<emphasis id="E7BB3AD8E7EB99917450FC80735FBF0D" bold="true">Tahiti</emphasis>
: Vallée du Panaruu,
<date id="FF3AD07EB4447352A1182034DE28197C" value="1896-05-21">21 May 1896</date>
(fr),
<emphasis id="2A1F42A0BB6E097B5AE0DA8BA94B2503" italics="true">J. Nadeaud s. n.</emphasis>
(P, 3 sheets [P 05253218, P 05253219, P 05253220; digital images]); Sine loc., 1870 (fr),
<emphasis id="32CDD6FFC82D0FDE9A667582A48C37E1" italics="true">M. Pancher s. n.</emphasis>
(P [P 05253224; digital image]); Vallée de Faataua,
<date id="39F31321E169FB6B1CB6D49EF19E075C" value="2005-05-09">09 May 2005</date>
(st),
<emphasis id="417B3EA11E5503020A078A2DACB8F915" italics="true">W. Teamotuaitau 26</emphasis>
(P [P 05253226; digital image]); Punaruu,
<date id="60A2B8B2D74C37F5FB47FC565B042BD5" value="2005-06-02">02 Jun 2005</date>
(fr),
<emphasis id="5FF4D14B2590775EF42264DA27A63CF2" italics="true">W. Teamotuaitau 35</emphasis>
(P [P 05253222; digital image]). Sine loc., sine coll. (P [P 05253225; digital image]); Sine loc., 1855 (fr),
<emphasis id="D0FAE3838D52247EB030777AB1DFFCF7" italics="true">M. Vieillard &amp; M. Pancher s. n.</emphasis>
(P [P 05253227; digital image]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E55BG" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="4769F674CC71235E5681B6F11879A0CB">
<heading id="3898D4F44BB12E08EFF0DB891CFA37FC" reason="title">Discussion.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F19B620709FAABDAC60FE6020BAE00EE">
<taxonomicName id="8FD21838730C100585BCEAB715ABF1AA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vescoana">
<emphasis id="2996BAEB07D44A4E24DB0D18591460F8" italics="true">Christiana vescoana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares dentate leaf margins with
<taxonomicName id="F5A73FF35D02677A0BB9EB5DF1951F55" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrodon">
<emphasis id="6E6450D3920183B776A947EC9B958158" italics="true">C. macrodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but it is distinguished by characters previously mentioned (and also given in the key).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="25DB01884BD31D52A09D870B794B0272">
For additional details see
<bibRefCitation id="BDD501B6BE025F425DB4492B0FB8264A" author="Florence J" firstAuthor="Florence" journalOrPublisher="Editions, Publications scientifiques Muse’um national d’Histoire naturelle" refId="B31" refString="Florence J (2004) Flore de la Polynésie française, vol. 2. Editions, Publications scientifiques Muse’um national d’Histoire naturelle, 307 pp." title="Flore de la Polynésie française, vol. 2." year="2004">Florence (2004)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F07BEB539993E3710C02A3881B4B7846">
The description of
<taxonomicName id="100A46F6868BB97BAA2925F082AF8361" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Berrya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vescoana">
<emphasis id="4E2B0F9031892D88A52D176758541602" italics="true">Berrya vescoana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was based on an unnumbered collection made by M. Vesco in Tahiti: this collection, including duplicates, is now housed in the herbarium in Paris (P).
<bibRefCitation id="8D58D912FDE4E11286BA125323C3A991" author="Kubitzki K" firstAuthor="Kubitzki" issue="4" journalOrPublisher="Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik" pagination="537-542" refId="B40" refString="Kubitzki K (1995) Asterophorum and Tahitia congeneric with Christiana (Tiliaceae). Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik 116 (4): 537–542." title="Asterophorum and Tahitia congeneric with Christiana (Tiliaceae)." volume="116" year="1995">Kubitzki (1995)</bibRefCitation>
noted the type was in P, but only wrote “
<emphasis id="FAE71B2A5063AD3E7DA72975E20A41B1" italics="true">Vesco a. 1847</emphasis>
(P) ” where “ 1847 ” refers to the year of collection, not a collection number. Five duplicates of this unnumbered collection are found now in P, none of them have the “ a ” noted by Kubitzki, and consequently, we designate the most complete specimen with fruits and seeds (P barcode P 00637093) here as the
<typeStatus id="D06FEC7FBEBF06DAA3DA5AB9A7D5ACBA" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
. It is also the same specimen that
<bibRefCitation id="C6C567DA00FBBD3F7616CE17A020C0EB" author="Florence J" firstAuthor="Florence" journalOrPublisher="Editions, Publications scientifiques Muse’um national d’Histoire naturelle" refId="B31" refString="Florence J (2004) Flore de la Polynésie française, vol. 2. Editions, Publications scientifiques Muse’um national d’Histoire naturelle, 307 pp." title="Flore de la Polynésie française, vol. 2." year="2004">Florence (2004)</bibRefCitation>
considered to be the “
<typeStatus id="56B2C4334412423CEFFEE986627D0A6A" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. ”
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1ADF00584A6C1A478AE9A56356E8C3E0">
When
<bibRefCitation id="B8004F8ABA7537595769231D3A6C2454" DOI="10.5962/bhl.title.53493" author="Nadeaud J" firstAuthor="Nadeaud" refId="B42" refString="Nadeaud J (1873) Énumération des plantes indigènes de l’île de Tahiti. P. Savy, Libraire de la Société Botanique de France, Paris. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.53493" year="1873">Nadeaud (1873)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="6D18A4F8C666DDD4727C95AEF521C530" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Entelea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tahitensis">
<emphasis id="E778EF97DAAEAF68BDB175542B600CD2" italics="true">Entelea tahitensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
he associated it with a single collection (
<emphasis id="333EB34A0E5B195F5F6666F284CD6445" italics="true">Nadeaud 479</emphasis>
) for which he also indicated there were duplicates (“ un nouvel examination de mes échantillons … ”). There therefore is no
<typeStatus id="F06D12D532563F9D1112C45A29E55116" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
as indicated by
<bibRefCitation id="B51706D1002EAF07E5C981497525154D" author="Florence J" firstAuthor="Florence" journalOrPublisher="Editions, Publications scientifiques Muse’um national d’Histoire naturelle" refId="B31" refString="Florence J (2004) Flore de la Polynésie française, vol. 2. Editions, Publications scientifiques Muse’um national d’Histoire naturelle, 307 pp." title="Flore de la Polynésie française, vol. 2." year="2004">Florence (2004)</bibRefCitation>
who stated that one was deposited in G. Additionally, Florence’s statement cannot be interpreted as designating a
<typeStatus id="FD681D02763752B58B13A189CD943364" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
since it contravenes the rules of the ICN (
<bibRefCitation id="5C12FBAFC2726307748774121AEB63AA" DOI="10.12705/Code.2018" author="Turland" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Turland" refId="B55" refString="Turland NJ, Wiersema JH, Barrie FR, Greuter W, Hawksworth DL, Herendeen PS, Knapp S, Kusber W-H, Li D-Z, Marhold K, May TW, McNeill J, Monro AM, Prado J, Price MJ, Smith GF (Eds) (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" year="2018">Turland et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
; Arts. 7.3, 9.23). Here, we designate as
<typeStatus id="7C22BC543DEEFAC2C76621356841D6EE" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
the only specimen in P (P barcode P 04756684) with fruits.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<treatment id="87549214CD5C583DBA3207D2D53F1227" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14947791" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14947791" ID-arpha="87549214-CD5C-583D-BA32-07D2D53F1227" ID-ipni="urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77357319-1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:87549214CD5C583DBA3207D2D53F1227" LSID-IPNI="urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77357319-1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/87549214CD5C583DBA3207D2D53F1227" scope_family="Malvaceae" scope_subFamily="Brownlowioideae">
<subSubSection id="C64736DB8D5578CA08EEE56AEBCFC546" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="CBF8420BA984D90F50BBBFDDE8A716A9">
<heading id="470228F56E7E9457FFA74E4D8969C144" reason="label">5.</heading>
<taxonomicName id="15810C77384DD2D28584CCF387A1C5A1" authority="T. S. Cout., Barb. Silva &amp; Dorr" authorityName="T. S. Cout., Barb. Silva &amp; Dorr" authorityYear="2025" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="restingae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="25BDC5DC765F074569771801182C6D15" italics="true">Christiana restingae</emphasis>
T. S. Cout., Barb. Silva &amp; Dorr
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="24AD566C957F1E6CC30538E45AC4826E" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1F5CC43FE8B909DC88D45775C427F521" type="description">
<paragraph id="D4022D7E0B4FAE54B60A70E48E519CFE">
<figureCitation id="C035C820A8C3C762ED5FA68AE58AF2B4" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Several Christiana species found in Brazil A C. africana leaves B C. africana fruits C C. mennegae leaves D C. mennegae fruit E C. restingae leaves F C. restingae fruits. Photos: Rafael Gomes Barbosa-Silva (A – D), André Assis (E – F)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.253.145350.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1265768">Figs 1 E, F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="F216F33805D150A1DCB5558C52FD3160" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Geographic distribution of Christiana found in South America with leaf blade outlines for each species. Four phytogeographic domains (Amazonian Forest, Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, and Cerrado) are indicated for Brazil, the center of diversity for the genus." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.253.145350.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1265769">2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="99F3884F2D15867095BB5F836FD3F2C2" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Christiana restingae T. S. Cout., Barb. Silva &amp; Dorr A habit B leaf C detail of the base of the adaxial surface of the leaf blade showing concentration of stellate-multiangulate trichomes D detail of the base of the abaxial surface of the leaf blade showing concentration of stellate-multiangulate trichomes E detail of abaxial surface of the leaf blade showing glandular sessile trichomes F petiole G inflorescence with flower buds H gynoecium and part of androecium I petal J capsule K capsule opened showing shiny endocarp L seed." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.253.145350.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1265771">4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="5447AAD5EE8E19C04EC5848FABB10E40" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. SEM images of Christiana restingae T. S. Cout., Barb. Silva &amp; Dorr A abaxial leaf surface showing glandular trichomes (orange) and stellate-multiangulate trichomes (blue) B detail of the abaxial leaf surface C epicarp D seed E seed surface displaying the openings and fissures characteristic of this species F detail of scattered micropapillae on the seed surface." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.253.145350.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1265772">5</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ETABG" type="material">
<paragraph id="D6DD052D5F6595A8B45088A23619F699">
<heading id="56EAC16F2833A2C0362C63E0EDF37051" reason="title">Type.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C6CF20ADC5E93D57D3D4A78BDA266E1">
<materialsCitation id="B49C019C126EA0912D4CD238CDD9C0A0" collectingDate="1996-06-20" collectionCode="VIES" collectorName="O. Zambom &amp; M. Fernandes" country="Brazil" location="Interlagos" municipality="Vila Velha" specimenCode="VIES 010759" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Espirito Santo" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="AD79536AAFABBA4A9AE2E13CD0DC6F65" name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="AB10AE969B17CE68F74AF03AE2E25D00" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="687991D48D99BD1FDB97D8D426347B94">Vila Velha</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="55F9C6587825F4E6642E5CD1658AAF46" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:87549214CD5C583DBA3207D2D53F1227:55F9C6587825F4E6642E5CD1658AAF46" country="Brazil" municipality="Vila Velha" name="Interlagos" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">Interlagos</location>
,
<date id="E200DF82FD79003CC23EA4AB2997421C" value="1996-06-20">
<collectingDate id="27FCB13C53F467D0283A3DD6EC06F8A9" value="1996-06-20">20 Jun 1996</collectingDate>
</date>
(fr),
<emphasis id="5B81A17483197CD2B136919C20F053E5" italics="true">
<collectorName id="DD56672871FEF7AC0F1158558F0F1333">O. Zambom</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="9F3DBEE4E1294550DE201FBC9A40635E">M. Fernandes</collectorName>
286
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="074486F76A33266B354B917B65E11628" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="2EB4C9C2C24BD5D9C94C2D49AD752A9E">VIES</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="2A862129DC6A2FBDDABF295AB86FC5E4">VIES 010759</specimenCode>
]!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E2ABG" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="158652A166F256ACDD3E9E0A32FF7BDA">
<heading id="ABFE7F7296155BCBA45C5B2AE525F289" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0713134967BF5E26E48EDA1BDE2EDA60">
<taxonomicName id="9E4D720551B516F2FD1F14A2F9436D11" authorityName="T. S. Cout., Barb. Silva &amp; Dorr A" authorityYear="2025" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="restingae">
<emphasis id="B72044DE3B41D7B210DE2AFB0CA5D509" italics="true">Christiana restingae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles
<taxonomicName id="74E621CEC658E5AFD968B4E4AECE5692" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mennegae">
<emphasis id="67A4D3FA0A929B78C3B793A279C43638" italics="true">C. mennegae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but can be distinguished by its elliptic (vs. narrowly elliptic, lanceolate, or oblanceolate) leaf blades, calyces with stellate only (vs. stellate and glandular) trichomes, and capsules with inconspicuous (vs. conspicuous) wings.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EXBBG" type="description">
<paragraph id="79EB1C0A8EFB62F73197E14C4930E703">
<heading id="F9606572F7CC5CD3D705F824D8C5214A" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8DE05B8A6C179817ABAABDBBD505A8AC">
Trees,
<quantity id="E1AA6656A5A18C45FD2EC78DE27BFD99" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="4.0" unit="m" value="7.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="4.0">4–11 m</quantity>
tall, functionally dioecious. Branches whitish, cylindrical, rugose, lenticels circular to oblong,
<quantity id="5823E8796162FC045D346BEA35470DEA" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1 mm</quantity>
long, old branches glabrescent, trichomes stellate-multiradiate, sessile, ferrugineous, sparsely distributed, stipules caducous. Leaves alternate, spirally arranged; petioles
<quantity id="3F37B835CE5DDC82F98E8AF8B9420775" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.3" unit="cm" value="2.15" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.3">1.3–3 cm</quantity>
long, discolorous when compared to the branches, vinaceous, inconspicuously striate, not canaliculate, terete, not decurrent, sparsely pilose, trichomes stellate-multiradiate, ferrugineous, more concentrated near the branches; leaf blades entire, coriaceous, nitid when dry, concolorous to quickly discolorous, 5.5–13.5 ×
<quantity id="367315B2349AFB361E2920014169A52D" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="3.0" unit="cm" value="5.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="3.0">3–7 cm</quantity>
, elliptic, bases round to subcordate, margins plane, entire, apices acuminate to cuspidate, glabrous or glabrescent above and below, but with stellate-multiradiate trichomes sparsely distributed along the veins, and glandular-sessile trichomes on the blade below; venation actinodromous, 6–8 pairs of secondary veins, 2 pairs basal, impressed above, prominent below. Inflorescences axillary, umbellate with flowers attached to peduncles; bracts caducous; peduncles whitish, striate,
<quantity id="EB20EEC9813C5C6EAD464D0E37E11FAF" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="5.0" unit="cm" value="5.25" valueMax="5.5" valueMin="5.0">5–5.5 cm</quantity>
long, glabrous to glabrescent, trichomes sparse. Floral buds globose, ca. 2.5 ×
<quantity id="8BB09AAF4B9BDFAC766A99C58014DDED" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
. Flowers functionally unisexual; bracteoles c. 3.5 ×
<quantity id="B638A1C259050E485642B5FAE26F5A5D" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
, elliptic, abaxial surface pubescent; pedicels
<quantity id="09C370C0B4630BA80E7C6B8C0576843C" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.8" unit="mm" value="1.9" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.8">1.8–2 mm</quantity>
long, densely pubescent, trichomes stellate-multiradiate, ferrugineous, sessile.
<emphasis id="442F0C489F2982D84F3A231678ED29B3" bold="true">Pistillate flowers</emphasis>
: calyx gamosepalous, 5 - merous, cupuliform, c.
<quantity id="E53529C5238E8A70757E245689C3E709" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
long, with apical lobes free, pubescent abaxially, trichomes stellate-multiradiate, lobes c. 2.5 ×
<quantity id="E8D8A9ADEA771907F38BB34B50AAE445" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
, ovate, apex acute. Corolla dialypetalous, 5 - merous, white, petals c. 2.8 ×
<quantity id="7747F69A981C551AD2291C7360FB711A" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
, obovate, glabrous, apices rounded. Androecium polystemonous, staminodes
<quantity id="54B6F3C3B77536EF425EEC7C1AF6CC3E" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.4" unit="mm" value="1.7" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.4">1.4–2 mm</quantity>
long, filaments
<quantity id="979C28ECE8AC816A0BC5DA2BD69E5CFB" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.2" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.8 mm</quantity>
long, glabrous, anthers c.
<quantity id="12C6022405B56D098601C0B870D1F936" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
long, divergent. Gynoecium 5 - carpellate, ovary ca. 1.2 ×
<quantity id="E33E1EEA1BA3FA7B956A65FBD488772F" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
, depressed globose, densely pubescent, trichomes stellate-multiradiate, style hirsute, trichomes stellate-multiradiate, stigma not observed.
<emphasis id="F2680FB8FE400B343C263C1F90A8DBDF" bold="true">Staminate flowers</emphasis>
: not observed. Fruit a capsule, woody, syncarpous, c.
<quantity id="F23F029E858CE88951D28E5E58DAA2E2" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="A3A5D24EE192314FB9007C5556D4FDDA" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.3" unit="cm" value="1.5" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.3">1.3–1.7 cm</quantity>
diam., depressed-globose, 4–5 - locular, inconspicuously winged, c. 0.6 ×
<quantity id="2AC126526F5832BBD0AEFD2526731A28" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
, densely pubescent abaxially, glabrous, lustrous internally; seeds 1 per locule, 5 ×
<quantity id="30FFE0C428AED0A7B1B7708FF9A1551C" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
, ellipsoid, variegated, gray with brownish marks, glabrous.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EBCBG" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7EFE19EE50642065A4349CA961EB8EEC">
<heading id="E12A4A21CA737DF78C4A434033DB9AC9" reason="title">Distribution and habitat</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E2AC19FB0FF7EA6B3C891635FC6EB724">
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="08B65C480DEF73E28F011301F4EF1948" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Geographic distribution of Christiana found in South America with leaf blade outlines for each species. Four phytogeographic domains (Amazonian Forest, Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, and Cerrado) are indicated for Brazil, the center of diversity for the genus." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.253.145350.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1265769">2</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="60BD553BF799ADD7389D6C4C57083D87" authorityName="T. S. Cout., Barb. Silva &amp; Dorr A" authorityYear="2025" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="restingae">
<emphasis id="01870C0278C39D555179E760CBDF9B6A" italics="true">Christiana restingae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from
<collectingRegion id="E1F729DFF83510FA62D39F48A2FB7F22" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo">Espírito Santo state</collectingRegion>
, in Vila Velha and Presidente Kennedy municipalities, and in the northeast of
<collectingRegion id="3418E64DFCA23EA38E8A5D1C47A7BCB2" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro state</collectingRegion>
. This is the only species of the genus occurring in the state of
<collectingRegion id="18512472206241A8A3E8A20D72F16577" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
. The new species is found in the Atlantic Forest phytogeographic domain, where it grows in Dense Ombrophylous Forest, as well as in Restinga, at
<quantity id="4D56B0CEDB7B9B4E2DD44311770CB0CC" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.525" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.05" unit="m" value="152.5" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="5.0">5–300 m</quantity>
elevation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C69E6118C1432E1F61E9260C404C0426">
The Brazilian coast has an intense history of plant collecting, especially in the coastal region of the states of
<collectingRegion id="AE094722638654C1109095C87CA560AF" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="15A029F6F823207C685968CA04903C7B" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
. Recently,
<bibRefCitation id="2FB5EDBECED796BC9E9630EFAEE39137" DOI="10.1590/2175-7860202273000" author="Dutra VF &amp; Carrijo TT &amp; Alves-Araújo A" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Dutra" refId="B26" refString="Dutra VF, Carrijo TT, Alves-Araújo A (2022) Projeto Flora do Espírito Santo: Revelando a flora capixaba. Rodriguésia 73 (e 730002022): 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202273000" year="2022">Dutra et al. (2022)</bibRefCitation>
with the
<collectingRegion id="BCE754B538FB4A59925806EE8903D281" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
Flora Project strengthened floristic and taxonomic studies in the state, including new collections in Restinga areas (
<bibRefCitation id="A9B60BCDEF5AE7F1C1C3031F4454A7DA" DOI="10.1590/2175-7860202273027" author="Guarnier" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Guarnier" refId="B33" refString="Guarnier JC, Dutra VF, Valadares RT, Silva HLD, Freitas VDC, Mota RH (2022) Angiosperm checklist and conservation of one the richest restingas in southeastern Brazil. Rodriguésia 73 (e 02432020): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202273027" year="2022">Guarnier et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EADBG" type="phenology">
<paragraph id="623F4C0D04AEBB716B77300EC11F9105">
<heading id="66513FC9B0933D44EDB302E3CEA91B30" reason="title">Phenology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="195549901E721DBE245A7A36D0C88ECA">Flowering specimens collected in January and fruiting in January, May, June, and August.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EFDBG" type="conservation status">
<paragraph id="C5F97F8E36D107F957476277523B3802">
<heading id="E985F3E035887AF1F38960294210BD4E" reason="title">Conservation status.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D8621F906262D23B424BA867054A068">
<taxonomicName id="5A1C31323A142964B0268C480BF92E99" authorityName="T. S. Cout., Barb. Silva &amp; Dorr A" authorityYear="2025" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="restingae">
<emphasis id="8B53680184E5EB91658CD5725A911F6D" italics="true">Christiana restingae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be assessed as Endangered (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EWDBG" xlink_title="Critically Endangered">EN</abbrev>
) because its EOO is
<quantity id="47819AC0CFF284777A388C33D2C90EFE" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.23" unit="km" value="1230.0">1,230 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7E3B8242704262646343ACC3BF9FE1FF">2</superScript>
(&lt;
<quantity id="1EB6EC92DD0B1A6734CD377C57BE5199" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="km" value="5000.0">5,000 km</quantity>
<superScript id="480DA915E3F79B22A52D9175E0E8060A">2</superScript>
) or Critically Endangered (CR) because its AOO is
<quantity id="86A4E6726E84FE5F3AD26EC248868799" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
<superScript id="F475FDBBCA26323EA3AE8B6C8DE3644D">2</superScript>
(&lt;
<quantity id="851D355393A8A81C3069D986DE049760" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
<superScript id="6791347024839CC88ECC34FC5B91AF5E">2</superScript>
). The
<bibRefCitation id="52BDAD8C41F1F94A09348F836F1882B3" journalOrPublisher="IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK" refId="B37" refString="IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. 2 nd edn. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, 32 pp." title="IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. 2 nd edn." year="2012">IUCN (2012</bibRefCitation>
) recommendation is that the taxon be classified under the highest threat category. We therefore consider the species Critically Endangered (CR) under B 2 ab (i, ii, iii) criteria. In addition,
<taxonomicName id="86161B7AFEFC00D2316EA7BBC38BBDEC" authorityName="T. S. Cout., Barb. Silva &amp; Dorr A" authorityYear="2025" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="restingae">
<emphasis id="EA9DC56206EC15324C7213A798644111" italics="true">C. restingae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grows in Atlantic Forest and Restinga, vegetation types with an intense history of deforestation and human occupation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EREBG" type="Vernacular name">
<paragraph id="A0992A6EEB5736DF0E2B4A8B29248B68">
<heading id="AB299BF3146EBEADA68B20719CC14911" reason="title">Vernacular name.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C4D75A276D53D69BF7F9E9987C115BC0">Guaxumbão.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EWEBG" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="B9623F540AD97DBD24E9F9DE6AA9F79C">
<heading id="6872E3680DE151D493F72EDD2EDEBD1E" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D100CA770C1C80355199F65EB87071C">The specific epithet refers to Restinga, vegetation typical of the Brazilian coast, characterized by sandy soil, where the new species is usually found.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E2EBG" type="Paratypes">
<paragraph id="23BC102F4A04395C32BFE5A2311C3854">
<heading id="B6BBD68DACAE8C53C2C2EFEF1D771247" reason="title">
<typeStatus id="C61D80302CABE30BBB3B6B8F57153035" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B9C2E6718110B9A79011EB2F4A9131BF">
<materialsCitation id="3DA4E35A782CCE158AB2275534539FC4" collectingDate="2020-08-12" collectionCode="VIES" collectorName="A. M. Assis &amp; R. S. Cribari" country="Brazil" elevation="5" latitude="-21.26861" location="Presidente Kennedy" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-40.96611" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Espirito Santo" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="9832E5198820FFAF3D1B682A09FD942D" bold="true">
<collectingCountry id="878B0F923BD8960B78FA274DA470C0B8" name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="CD9DBF4E8572055BCAAD26AFF079D9B0" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<location id="47DAA633988109DAF17632D5E510F9C9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:87549214CD5C583DBA3207D2D53F1227:47DAA633988109DAF17632D5E510F9C9" country="Brazil" latitude="-21.26861" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-40.96611" name="Presidente Kennedy" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">Presidente Kennedy</location>
,
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EGFBG" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[-40.966111,-21.268611]}">
<geoCoordinate id="F590B0A4B8292413A801A168536B90C0" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="07" value="-21.26861">21 ° 16 ' 07 &quot; S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="D2D4DBE3E201E52717BC1D5FCCCA1CF2" degrees="040" direction="west" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="58" value="-40.96611">040 ° 57 ' 58 &quot; W</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
,
<quantity id="3577224F6DCD4F7BA915411CF3C57947" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="m" value="5.0">
<elevation id="46D44ED791ECD99D60C3663C0B20AC1B" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elev.,
<date id="4A6AE79C3D486D52900FF4DAD2EE1418" value="2020-08-12">
<collectingDate id="30B68EAD71B431D4CBA2B4F114870095" value="2020-08-12">12 Aug 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
(fr),
<emphasis id="EBEA1C55F516F69CD90A2BCCB455997A" italics="true">
<collectorName id="E039A0F455D916FBE3F6A9FF217193D8">A. M. Assis</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="ACC8B03BD7E338CCD4F1EC881F49C353">R. S. Cribari</collectorName>
4899
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="0A521A8B0760585EE8D4498709B3748D" country="Brazil" name="Federal University of Espírito Santo" type="Herbarium">VIES</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="C831B4C7860638F6E34D770468584AB5" collectingDate="2007-05-11" collectionCode="CVDR, US" collectorName="D. A. Folli" elevation="300" location="Convento da Penha" municipality="Vila Velha" specimenCode="01317134" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingMunicipality id="5C00C47A63F0F61C63B4A1E333D444FC">Vila Velha</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="04BA361BC01E5BA4D0A1F0EFB0650451" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:87549214CD5C583DBA3207D2D53F1227:04BA361BC01E5BA4D0A1F0EFB0650451" municipality="Vila Velha" name="Convento da Penha">Convento da Penha</location>
,
<quantity id="4E53BD997527B02C30E482C31DA18DC6" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="300.0">
<elevation id="2130E40BDA30DFE054D63A1F63CD6224" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="44C3358772717975D4EF9B024BD47A58" value="2007-05-11">
<collectingDate id="C6795FFE7F1AB74E6056753DEF3B987C" value="2007-05-11">11 May 2007</collectingDate>
</date>
(fr),
<emphasis id="42CD5A85DB1C3AEB539AC6F14506856E" italics="true">
<collectorName id="F18550193D3E2F22F558C9FAB1911A71">D. A. Folli</collectorName>
5755
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="0D77691C519DD49B0C993E60B497DA4F">CVDR</collectionCode>
[digital image],
<collectionCode id="90E5792F0DA30AECF93CBEB40CE4259D" country="South Africa" name="University of Stellenbosch">US</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="F33DCC145DFDEC4050B11727EBB64286">01317134</specimenCode>
])
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="969E69B4F3AA120D307F84D4961F185E" collectingDate="2009-09-11" collectionCode="CDRV, US" collectorName="D. A. Folli" elevation="300" location="Convento da Penha" municipality="Vila Velha" specimenCode="01317133" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
ibid.,
<quantity id="7C49246610F94B1CCE897E9FFBD5EEF3" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="300.0">
<elevation id="88D33DA584CCD3B204F950DD769324DC" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="6B13D563B6A51FC1AB159E2564F3CDCA" value="2009-09-11">
<collectingDate id="AECBB3D9F8AB9FAC5AFC8D2F08FA36FE" value="2009-09-11">11 Sep 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
(fr),
<emphasis id="80D05173229A5F0012F0862A3374B015" italics="true">
<collectorName id="83F4CC21BFD0B228AAF538568A782EA3">D. A. Folli</collectorName>
6409
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="4F703910BBBAC8A18EDE427D60EF2F43">CDRV</collectionCode>
[digital image],
<collectionCode id="BE9DB192D424ACE06907052F22FF10D5" country="South Africa" name="University of Stellenbosch">US</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="8A6074F0CB2151E4EF13F64768ED89AB">01317133</specimenCode>
])
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="1CFC08BF2E4B60CEAFFC3CBD2A70291D" collectingDate="1996-05-22" collectionCode="VIES" collectorName="O. Zambom &amp; M. Fernandes" location="Interlagos" municipality="Vila Velha" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingMunicipality id="C589946BC479AC19BDD59B0E7A25E942">Vila Velha</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="EC363BCE49D09D2195CF99708DE8E3F5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:87549214CD5C583DBA3207D2D53F1227:EC363BCE49D09D2195CF99708DE8E3F5" municipality="Vila Velha" name="Interlagos">Interlagos</location>
,
<date id="D3FA6E90083AFB824FF1CC6021CD828F" value="1996-05-22">
<collectingDate id="EF38A2738F208AF409B1CD28BB19D4ED" value="1996-05-22">22 May 1996</collectingDate>
</date>
(fr),
<emphasis id="531F712AA38AF580BAC0F30631472489" italics="true">
<collectorName id="952DA9DC9A8899235B5C24F7B99FA2FF">O. Zambom</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="91CF152DDF028ECC7229B2D2AC54804E">M. Fernandes</collectorName>
283
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="233CC7865FAA732C4B2064D32D29088A" country="Brazil" name="Federal University of Espírito Santo" type="Herbarium">VIES</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="5C6F23B8D75D0F5D832BE77F55A805C7" collectingDate="1996-01-31" collectionCode="VIES" collectorName="O. Zambom" location="Interlagos" municipality="Vila Velha" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
ibid.,
<date id="608A0F4192AC637FD0CE0E814D567A29" value="1996-01-31">
<collectingDate id="8F74B98BC2FACF9218230C527844E3A1" value="1996-01-31">31 Jan 1996</collectingDate>
</date>
(fl, im fr),
<emphasis id="14238F9B340A2D4177923921E5D86319" italics="true">
<collectorName id="20F0A9B05BFAECF5D1AE150596BA4C30">O. Zambom</collectorName>
et al. 222
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="17C56D9EB2C12DAA144CAFD45C993518" country="Brazil" name="Federal University of Espírito Santo" type="Herbarium">VIES</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="7B47108245490C9C75C291659945F2E0" collectingDate="2003-08-31" collectionCode="MBM, NY, RB" collectorName="H. C. Lima" location="Armacao de Buzios" specimenCode="03987289" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="4277842B81A3582C48D1FA3A61854261" bold="true">
<collectingRegion id="930092B23F32D8892CFBEFB47E0B09C3" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<location id="A7EB10F97C3D6A3A190A7E1E411C34C7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:87549214CD5C583DBA3207D2D53F1227:A7EB10F97C3D6A3A190A7E1E411C34C7" name="Armacao de Buzios" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro">Armação de Búzios</location>
,
<date id="8F8CC14A8BDDB412F90AC0AE178F8153" value="2003-08-31">
<collectingDate id="E3B2312FC53F9A41BAF92C5A65AEDA98" value="2003-08-31">31 Aug 2003</collectingDate>
</date>
(fr),
<emphasis id="99C8CAFC5925F1A893602937DD613D5B" italics="true">
<collectorName id="165EF501B6C9D2374B1BD74392914100">H. C. Lima</collectorName>
et al. 6114
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="E3242D916E1A9D72E486797A162F0781" country="0" name="San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammals">MBM</collectionCode>
[digital image],
<collectionCode id="99789343F50B87C02343F368493646B1" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="69E67471AF922FA873DC555800E7BABE">03987289</specimenCode>
],
<collectionCode id="5E66B926A2D046F8EA7FAD19882FEB1A" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15528" name="Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro" type="Herbarium">RB</collectionCode>
[digital image])
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="FEFF47CE22AFEAE7EDA8C469B9BCC9B7" collectingDate="2018-07-17" collectionCode="RB" collectorName="H. C. Lima" location="Estacao Ecologica de Guaxindiba" municipality="Sao Francisco de Itabapoana" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingMunicipality id="D248FB164ADFB79B45C304EA13618579">São Francisco de Itabapoana</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="038A17521300A677B7D6CA7F877DE322" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:87549214CD5C583DBA3207D2D53F1227:038A17521300A677B7D6CA7F877DE322" municipality="Sao Francisco de Itabapoana" name="Estacao Ecologica de Guaxindiba">Estação Ecológica de Guaxindiba</location>
,
<date id="BF83722AD937CA0AF8F95E680CF5CBFC" value="2018-07-17">
<collectingDate id="A8EFF92991A56A388D6DF6AA1156BC9D" value="2018-07-17">17 Jul 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
(fr),
<emphasis id="1E527325A60A672D45FC837727EEF4BA" italics="true">
<collectorName id="DAB624C0C46700AE1E2306B257071887">H. C. Lima</collectorName>
et al. 8683
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="63A5BA9C14BDC38631AF56720CA760F9" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15528" name="Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro" type="Herbarium">RB</collectionCode>
, 2 sheets [digital images])
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="594EEE57AD8D0BF655414637AE1A554F" collectingDate="2004-07" collectionCode="RB" collectorName="A. Oliveira &amp; D. Oliveira" location="Rio das Ostras" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<location id="D83CFEDAB21FE4C8F50BF97B0597B0EE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:87549214CD5C583DBA3207D2D53F1227:D83CFEDAB21FE4C8F50BF97B0597B0EE" name="Rio das Ostras">Rio das Ostras</location>
,
<date id="B084963E08EDD4F3837ECC1C6F136E20" value="2004-07">
<collectingDate id="8B3D63244762712619EF55CE030EC8AA" value="2004-07">Jul 2004</collectingDate>
</date>
(fr),
<emphasis id="896189B3F72CBCFA344F040409984E0E" italics="true">
<collectorName id="867C0C434AF9974766FC5C05D6385C27">A. Oliveira</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="E776772191F3DC0CC583C7969752BCDA">D. Oliveira</collectorName>
1016
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="CE60175EABCB1D260BF1FEC10058C869" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15528" name="Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro" type="Herbarium">RB</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E4FBG" type="SEM">
<paragraph id="1BB88CA427E538E0DB6BD8FD29F433DF">
<heading id="4BB7E9FD51472528F7B7562EFFFB7235" reason="title">
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ECGBG" xlink_title="Scanning Electron Microscope">SEM</abbrev>
.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="096C324633AB025F3D64F6604D4291B5">
The abaxial surface of the leaves has many sparse glandular trichomes and adjacent to the veins near the base it has stellate-multiangulate trichomes (Fig.
<figureCitation id="AD2F9691D32FEB272600EA0E7B8D36BB" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. SEM images of Christiana restingae T. S. Cout., Barb. Silva &amp; Dorr A abaxial leaf surface showing glandular trichomes (orange) and stellate-multiangulate trichomes (blue) B detail of the abaxial leaf surface C epicarp D seed E seed surface displaying the openings and fissures characteristic of this species F detail of scattered micropapillae on the seed surface." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.253.145350.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1265772">5 A, B</figureCitation>
). The abaxial surface of the epidermis has cells shaped like irregular polygons (Fig.
<figureCitation id="0889E371CFDA1EA4642EDD5AB74CAAB6" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. SEM images of Christiana restingae T. S. Cout., Barb. Silva &amp; Dorr A abaxial leaf surface showing glandular trichomes (orange) and stellate-multiangulate trichomes (blue) B detail of the abaxial leaf surface C epicarp D seed E seed surface displaying the openings and fissures characteristic of this species F detail of scattered micropapillae on the seed surface." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.253.145350.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1265772">5 B</figureCitation>
). The epicarp has stellate multiangulate trichomes (Fig.
<figureCitation id="A80D31DDE24F931F190137744AB5A2C9" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. SEM images of Christiana restingae T. S. Cout., Barb. Silva &amp; Dorr A abaxial leaf surface showing glandular trichomes (orange) and stellate-multiangulate trichomes (blue) B detail of the abaxial leaf surface C epicarp D seed E seed surface displaying the openings and fissures characteristic of this species F detail of scattered micropapillae on the seed surface." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.253.145350.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1265772">5 C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="95FAF335C1614C7438F1CC7F9D6FF244">
The seed has several openings and crevices (Fig.
<figureCitation id="5C46F0626EB5F1ABFCCA54C3D8277B9A" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. SEM images of Christiana restingae T. S. Cout., Barb. Silva &amp; Dorr A abaxial leaf surface showing glandular trichomes (orange) and stellate-multiangulate trichomes (blue) B detail of the abaxial leaf surface C epicarp D seed E seed surface displaying the openings and fissures characteristic of this species F detail of scattered micropapillae on the seed surface." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.253.145350.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1265772">5 D, E</figureCitation>
) and its surface has small sparse papillae (Fig.
<figureCitation id="38B413B2A0A500E909FE5769EC5E9D33" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. SEM images of Christiana restingae T. S. Cout., Barb. Silva &amp; Dorr A abaxial leaf surface showing glandular trichomes (orange) and stellate-multiangulate trichomes (blue) B detail of the abaxial leaf surface C epicarp D seed E seed surface displaying the openings and fissures characteristic of this species F detail of scattered micropapillae on the seed surface." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.253.145350.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1265772">5 F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="D05B1BC9C1D7791D66D6CDD8EE5BCD24" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.253.145350.figure4" ID-arpha="19E508EC-F57E-5BE2-A391-80D15F4112A2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1265771" startId="F4">
<paragraph id="FC9502AAEBA5A8D55377E9D62E802BB7">
<label id="044883776C683159BB11155A752D3960">Figure 4.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D4817CB15A0B2242342B04F5C0D6E9F0">
<taxonomicName id="F998D9C79FD08E45C780170F0D786064" authority="T. S. Cout., Barb. Silva &amp; Dorr A" authorityName="T. S. Cout., Barb. Silva &amp; Dorr A" authorityYear="2025" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="restingae">
<emphasis id="2BF4655C771A08CFB37343FA4C75DBF6" italics="true">Christiana restingae</emphasis>
T. S. Cout., Barb. Silva &amp; Dorr
<emphasis id="672DCD7361603A16B358B1B739FE75EC" bold="true">A</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
habit
<emphasis id="076E0663FBE71B0D2FE90F95DA251766" bold="true">B</emphasis>
leaf
<emphasis id="793C672FD24AACC9357679DAEB0BEAA2" bold="true">C</emphasis>
detail of the base of the adaxial surface of the leaf blade showing concentration of stellate-multiangulate trichomes
<emphasis id="21C71EFDE457E1FD68D62B153873D9A6" bold="true">D</emphasis>
detail of the base of the abaxial surface of the leaf blade showing concentration of stellate-multiangulate trichomes
<emphasis id="7B49ECFE031F32CD1E8B28ADB56343F5" bold="true">E</emphasis>
detail of abaxial surface of the leaf blade showing glandular sessile trichomes
<emphasis id="A338580937A98F0ABFFB9E90773C52D2" bold="true">F</emphasis>
petiole
<emphasis id="FDADED082A09C9E02E543F4604DC57A3" bold="true">G</emphasis>
inflorescence with flower buds
<emphasis id="8891B7C34D2192CDB5BF7B6A49EF2367" bold="true">H</emphasis>
gynoecium and part of androecium
<emphasis id="92EABACD4C1CF11183ECB3B81F2B7D2B" bold="true">I</emphasis>
petal
<emphasis id="44AA629BF7D8D77551606B65D78C52B7" bold="true">J</emphasis>
capsule
<emphasis id="8AC1A8B5B08B225BDB2C2A8C01738D8C" bold="true">K</emphasis>
capsule opened showing shiny endocarp
<emphasis id="6141B470BA55DA22B49DF2173E1A9673" bold="true">L</emphasis>
seed.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D923102DE0E0A08B5C45BA71368E482E" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.253.145350.figure5" ID-arpha="A58F71E9-8B9C-5147-AE28-EE2E3CD77A77" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1265772" startId="F5">
<paragraph id="26EF99B65E3C61F1ACA878525B6BDE0A">
<label id="C6D5A67EAA881CA2444530369270F502">Figure 5.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C13E1DA49B43296B6FE30D4D8B26939A">
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EWIBG" xlink_title="Scanning Electron Microscope">SEM</abbrev>
images of
<taxonomicName id="3FE831F469E06525B22D9C3D902971CF" authority="T. S. Cout., Barb. Silva &amp; Dorr A" authorityName="T. S. Cout., Barb. Silva &amp; Dorr A" authorityYear="2025" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="restingae">
<emphasis id="62991E748762316276C9129055CBF068" italics="true">Christiana restingae</emphasis>
T. S. Cout., Barb. Silva &amp; Dorr
<emphasis id="42790748BBB72A559A5E114E1477F7C0" bold="true">A</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
abaxial leaf surface showing glandular trichomes (orange) and stellate-multiangulate trichomes (blue)
<emphasis id="3671D20889E73C7D3F77A2056EB51BCF" bold="true">B</emphasis>
detail of the abaxial leaf surface
<emphasis id="B3BFB972AFB46440A4D58FD8282718D3" bold="true">C</emphasis>
epicarp
<emphasis id="95B973315F7992B6DC545418D999A0C6" bold="true">D</emphasis>
seed
<emphasis id="F425ABDDBFDF88F2CAE8DDB3C19C20B9" bold="true">E</emphasis>
seed surface displaying the openings and fissures characteristic of this species
<emphasis id="BB5C8DE6E3AB5F51E9DF53E472FA3EBF" bold="true">F</emphasis>
detail of scattered micropapillae on the seed surface.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EWJBG" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="E0ED7736502225AC93A6915EA0D739AE">
<heading id="4B9990E212C79065C0A27F95CD184CF8" reason="title">Discussion.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E2428499C417AD1183F27F6E5C174620">
<taxonomicName id="4D6FB6C06A7B9A5D2E981C123C95720B" authorityName="T. S. Cout., Barb. Silva &amp; Dorr A" authorityYear="2025" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="restingae">
<emphasis id="4893890796482B92B34E1CA5E549B954" italics="true">Christiana restingae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is described here three decades after it was first collected by O. Zambom and M. Fernandes. Ironically, it is worth mentioning that most of the large botanical research centers in
<collectingCountry id="E133D6D15FD3E1E51B270CB5585AF3D5" name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
are concentrated in the central region of the Atlantic Forest, and this is where most Brazilian plant taxonomists are based. This underscores the lack of attention
<taxonomicName id="155FBA5CA11BFD6628C269BC0B35DAF0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3588F7917CD9E209CDB012FA76DBBF84" italics="true">Christiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has received in recent years (
<bibRefCitation id="2A7FF44402C95565D412D566F168A7C7" DOI="10.7717/peerj.12244" author="Barbosa-Silva" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Barbosa-Silva" refId="B9" refString="Barbosa-Silva RG, Coutinho TS, Vasconcelos S, da Silva DF, Oliveira G, Zappi DC (2021) Preliminary placement and new records of an overlooked Amazonian tree, Christiana mennegae (Malvaceae). PeerJ 9 (e 12244): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12244" year="2021">Barbosa-Silva et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
) and the paucity of specialists knowledgeable about certain groups of plants.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D0F2ADECFBF88996C007D55C2607FF56">
<taxonomicName id="7AC665807E75BD81243E94B8E9BFBE94" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8C7CD38F9F5E85AFA280262B4DD70DBD" italics="true">Christiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a genus with homogeneous morphology, sharing stellate trichomes on the vegetative and reproductive parts including inflorescences and flowers. Using a Scanning Electron Microscope (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E2KBG" xlink_title="Scanning Electron Microscope">
<collectionCode id="980D4C8CD39417A8760B71AC8A334EC7">SEM</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
),
<bibRefCitation id="C0C7A701BB09152597DA2D2B448C9EBF" DOI="10.7717/peerj.12244" author="Barbosa-Silva RG &amp; Coutinho TS &amp; Vasconcelos S &amp; da Silva DF &amp; Oliveira G &amp; Zappi DC" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Barbosa-Silva" refId="B9" refString="Barbosa-Silva RG, Coutinho TS, Vasconcelos S, da Silva DF, Oliveira G, Zappi DC (2021) Preliminary placement and new records of an overlooked Amazonian tree, Christiana mennegae (Malvaceae). PeerJ 9 (e 12244): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12244" year="2021">Barbosa-Silva et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
discovered the occurrence of simple, two-armed, and glandular trichomes on the petioles and leaf blades of
<taxonomicName id="0DDE77F74EECD35C862F29AB2C38BD92" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mennegae">
<emphasis id="8A09D49D58DCA6A3872FC4493E327361" italics="true">C. mennegae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, characters known only from this species. Leaf shape and capsule morphology can be useful to distinguish the different species.
<taxonomicName id="C041074B38785542DB65BA04E5E5017E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="9B1FA06AD4DA3F8455DE3114ED9DB7DE" italics="true">Christiana africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the most widespread species of the genus, has an apocarpic gynoecium and fruit, which is an apomorphy. On the other hand,
<taxonomicName id="FB1949BA8BBD9668E079D0F6815CFADD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrodon">
<emphasis id="6336CDBC0627C4A82F1E55E58522ABDD" italics="true">C. macrodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only species with leaf blades that are serrate along the entire length of their margins. Analyzing the type of
<taxonomicName id="F8656E8404E715E60D7BBB7948534E29" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vescoana">
<emphasis id="FBE690A2C6BC0E548F94F68A6AD7B6E7" italics="true">C. vescoana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it was observed that in a few specimens the leaf blades near the apex also have this leaf margin characteristic, albeit less pronounced.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C8DF3EC92FAA4702A30280AAC32036F7">
<taxonomicName id="721B41BF87B324DC0DDD70B5626CE80A" authorityName="T. S. Cout., Barb. Silva &amp; Dorr A" authorityYear="2025" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="restingae">
<emphasis id="315C7DAA86210913E1A74FF45B9E6ECF" italics="true">Christiana restingae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is characterized especially by its elliptic leaf blades and fruits with inconspicuous wings. It has the shortest leaf length among the species of the genus, with mature leaf blades as small as
<quantity id="D80BD244945E9969977652496B4C4D89" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" unit="cm" value="5.5">5.5 cm</quantity>
long. The new species differs from
<taxonomicName id="6F41246E255508420CF8AAA297704763" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="7C1C31EC229F87AEC589FC82AD51F8C0" italics="true">C. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="75AA9FAC0B110CD11071B92380B49D90" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrodon">
<emphasis id="3EEC7FD413F9F78C4A88A4A4AC343277" italics="true">C. macrodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its elliptic leaf blade with rounded to subcordate (vs. widely cordate and cordate) bases. It also is distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="AFEA083EE77C934B1B3706EBACB0C838" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="31659B1B7DD480EB7857B1C79E9646AC" italics="true">C. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its syncarpous (vs. apocarpous) capsules and from
<taxonomicName id="C372E228922C27481B1FD5CD018B0476" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrodon">
<emphasis id="8296267F9124B9E09AD8D15A319DA827" italics="true">C. macrodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by leaf blades with entire (vs. dentate) margins. Although, morphologically, the new species is more similar to
<taxonomicName id="D7326333285E5346A7D70EBDA8E08EFF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mennegae">
<emphasis id="2F055F89975FB420B8AA250086E0A4A3" italics="true">C. mennegae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having nitid leaves when dried, glabrescent, and with trichomes especially on the veins,
<taxonomicName id="6CAC3AB9F7134E03B73F14D8EAF50507" authorityName="T. S. Cout., Barb. Silva &amp; Dorr A" authorityYear="2025" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="restingae">
<emphasis id="20F29D1339E40664728D663D8EA54D3D" italics="true">C. restingae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished by having smaller leaf blades (5.5–13.5 × 3–7.5 vs. 12.3–29 ×
<quantity id="47500A28544439A4CCC96828E0432A2B" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="5.0" unit="cm" value="7.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="5.0">5–9 cm</quantity>
) that are elliptic (vs. narrowly elliptic, lanceolate or oblanceolate), and capsules
<quantity id="97319C9D39237A5C2040DA85DE7E7269" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.3" unit="cm" value="1.5" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.3">1.3–1.7 cm</quantity>
in diam. and with inconspicuous wings (vs.
<quantity id="BBC983DE9BF464B6DFDF4D704641746F" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" unit="cm" value="3.8">3.8 cm</quantity>
in and conspicuous wings).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D96E3C8564FADD32F7EC820B41B18343">
The analysis of structures in
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EAPBG" xlink_title="Scanning Electron Microscope">SEM</abbrev>
brings new insights into understanding the genus, which exhibits various characteristics that can aid in species differentiation. For instance, the leaves of
<taxonomicName id="F75DA07DE3B76A64B3987EDBB16D7E31" authorityName="T. S. Cout., Barb. Silva &amp; Dorr A" authorityYear="2025" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="restingae">
<emphasis id="E88F6520372DD8A22934CB51BFC6D0B6" italics="true">Christiana restingae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possess more glandular trichomes than
<taxonomicName id="5A299FC85BDE4E0663695A8D219AFA54" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mennegae">
<emphasis id="B6CCEAAD8E95BA3E0FD70F7B4193D829" italics="true">C. mennegae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and have stellate-multiangulate trichomes, whereas
<taxonomicName id="3167242A30A1633CBCD3FE2855FB2C4F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mennegae">
<emphasis id="CA9C88AF53CD0D1C776E6E78B843065B" italics="true">C. mennegae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
only has stellate rotate trichomes on its leaves (
<bibRefCitation id="3AD1D35CCBBDE741986CED18FC432587" DOI="10.7717/peerj.12244" author="Barbosa-Silva" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Barbosa-Silva" refId="B9" refString="Barbosa-Silva RG, Coutinho TS, Vasconcelos S, da Silva DF, Oliveira G, Zappi DC (2021) Preliminary placement and new records of an overlooked Amazonian tree, Christiana mennegae (Malvaceae). PeerJ 9 (e 12244): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12244" year="2021">Barbosa-Silva et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
). Additionally, with
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EJQBG" xlink_title="Scanning Electron Microscope">SEM</abbrev>
, the cell walls of the epidermis of
<taxonomicName id="2D32C1F7EA257D38A9A31D449EB3D70F" authorityName="T. S. Cout., Barb. Silva &amp; Dorr A" authorityYear="2025" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="restingae">
<emphasis id="462A67A10A61C5275DBB079A01D0838B" italics="true">C. restingae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are visible, a character not seen in
<taxonomicName id="4E04495ACD3FDAC8B1694A0942D07932" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mennegae">
<emphasis id="FFADAF0A561D668A6598EA172D626C8C" italics="true">C. mennegae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The epicarp of
<taxonomicName id="9ABB085D6AE87DFAFFCD3D00F047EE9F" authorityName="T. S. Cout., Barb. Silva &amp; Dorr A" authorityYear="2025" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="restingae">
<emphasis id="883BD1D2DA6578EEF43FAB33DEB7AC47" italics="true">C. restingae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also exhibits a high concentration of stellate-multiangulate trichomes similar to
<taxonomicName id="D457D3BA3ED0EA92247050F0964E8898" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mennegae">
<emphasis id="55FB7E9D48BD6CC2F1148E8B50364FB2" italics="true">C. mennegae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The seed of
<taxonomicName id="D6AFF07221D2ED12909797CEEE665BBA" authorityName="T. S. Cout., Barb. Silva &amp; Dorr A" authorityYear="2025" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="restingae">
<emphasis id="F8AF3E2BAE82BEC503CD7072F53958E1" italics="true">C. restingae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also has maculae that are medium brown with darker irregular marks like other species in the genus; however, only
<taxonomicName id="E459C94758A067648E6057A6214D3C3C" authorityName="T. S. Cout., Barb. Silva &amp; Dorr A" authorityYear="2025" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="restingae">
<emphasis id="DB460CF4329A7530A42374CD909A17B9" italics="true">C. restingae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has these openings and crevices (Fig.
<figureCitation id="DF9069E7C7D95C84D1FF4F507DC00BF1" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. SEM images of Christiana restingae T. S. Cout., Barb. Silva &amp; Dorr A abaxial leaf surface showing glandular trichomes (orange) and stellate-multiangulate trichomes (blue) B detail of the abaxial leaf surface C epicarp D seed E seed surface displaying the openings and fissures characteristic of this species F detail of scattered micropapillae on the seed surface." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.253.145350.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1265772">5 E</figureCitation>
), which even can be observed in herbarium material without the aid of magnification. Although these openings and fissures have been found in all fruit-bearing material, we are not sure if they are found in fresh material or if this character occurs only during the drying process of specimens. The seed of
<taxonomicName id="20B2512A1A4B0906372B334CB2706486" authorityName="T. S. Cout., Barb. Silva &amp; Dorr A" authorityYear="2025" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="restingae">
<emphasis id="0E5F6789974127F31343B81AC1C78F39" italics="true">C. restingae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not have stomata, a character that was found to be very interesting in
<taxonomicName id="ADF4E10AFCE0959CA4B7A488F09C89A5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mennegae">
<emphasis id="CC9886E46F9630A2D61D547700B1900A" italics="true">C. mennegae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and is also present in other
<taxonomicName id="43FBD1D1C2AF702C45E83A3F98A4138E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
species, although it is rare in Angiosperms (
<bibRefCitation id="BF99E49D6E779910877973B009E71AAD" DOI="10.1093/aob/mcl090" author="Paiva" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Paiva" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pagination="213-217" refId="B43" refString="Paiva ÉAS, Lemos-Filho JP, Oliveira DMT (2006) Imbibition of Swietenia macrophylla (Meliaceae) seeds: The role of stomata. Annals of Botany 98 (1): 213–217. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcl090" title="Imbibition of Swietenia macrophylla (Meliaceae) seeds: The role of stomata." volume="98" year="2006">Paiva et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="E033D8794E99B1071BBB10AEA0F45C6E" DOI="10.7717/peerj.12244" author="Barbosa-Silva" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Barbosa-Silva" refId="B9" refString="Barbosa-Silva RG, Coutinho TS, Vasconcelos S, da Silva DF, Oliveira G, Zappi DC (2021) Preliminary placement and new records of an overlooked Amazonian tree, Christiana mennegae (Malvaceae). PeerJ 9 (e 12244): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12244" year="2021">Barbosa-Silva et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EDD2D20D2CD02139F8D88B209DD9166A">
Regarding geographic distribution,
<taxonomicName id="03190DA37AAE3595F7C5AFF45D4C41BF" authorityName="T. S. Cout., Barb. Silva &amp; Dorr A" authorityYear="2025" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="restingae">
<emphasis id="F06161490AF75FEA7A89328C1BDC4840" italics="true">Christiana restingae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to
<collectingRegion id="9809C4BF5E41453675F55BA97546213D" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="8843BD2A3D2D67B5A6BBFE1611D8C7DB" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
states, occurring in Atlantic Forest and Restinga, sharing the vegetation type with
<taxonomicName id="F265C416EC5826A5AFC335641B4F4764" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="2DBECF88424260A72E93AF7EECDECA3A" italics="true">C. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Amazonia and Atlantic Forest) and
<taxonomicName id="679594C62E449EDFF3C9719A67DFD7A0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrodon">
<emphasis id="60559063F7C3C276ED0B3089E48DB7BB" italics="true">C. macrodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Atlantic Forest and Cerrado) (
<bibRefCitation id="AF0ADBB05D6E0B2624E51F6AF3E8D9F7" author="Coutinho" firstAuthor="Coutinho" refId="B21" refString="Coutinho TS (2025) Christiana. In: Flora e Funga do Brasil. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. https://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/FB85063 [Accessed 07 Feb 2025]" url="https://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/FB85063" year="2025">Coutinho 2025</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="48741EE2128AD058D2A4EB3D86138DEF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mennegae">
<emphasis id="D3E38893E96FFA49061BA3B806230D6F" italics="true">Christiana mennegae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="341A52964874338D1E17980DB9908CE7" authorityName="T. S. Cout., Barb. Silva &amp; Dorr A" authorityYear="2025" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="restingae">
<emphasis id="97E7AD2B6DAC6B971E8436405591ABF3" italics="true">C. restingae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
do not occur sympatrically since the first species occurs in
<collectingCountry id="9EB459B405E6AEA12A0CBAD0FD11E74A" name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
only in the Amazonian Domain (
<bibRefCitation id="DF895C72C9D579C4AF3E21DA20DB7341" author="Secco" firstAuthor="Secco" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Série Botânica" pagination="211-221" refId="B47" refString="Secco RS (2000) Asterophorum Sprague (Tiliaceae): Uma nova ocorrência para a Amazônia Brasileira. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Série Botânica 16 (2): 211–221." title="Asterophorum Sprague (Tiliaceae): Uma nova ocorrência para a Amazônia Brasileira." volume="16" year="2000">Secco 2000</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="5D10773599592E416E2701E404BC95AE" DOI="10.7717/peerj.12244" author="Barbosa-Silva" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Barbosa-Silva" refId="B9" refString="Barbosa-Silva RG, Coutinho TS, Vasconcelos S, da Silva DF, Oliveira G, Zappi DC (2021) Preliminary placement and new records of an overlooked Amazonian tree, Christiana mennegae (Malvaceae). PeerJ 9 (e 12244): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12244" year="2021">Barbosa-Silva et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
). With the discovery of
<taxonomicName id="C3A0010967869815386DF06644823485" authorityName="T. S. Cout., Barb. Silva &amp; Dorr A" authorityYear="2025" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="restingae">
<emphasis id="6BCFCAF2A8BEC59D751287F4FD23133B" italics="true">Christiana restingae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the number of species of the genus in
<collectingCountry id="2F05E5F0C3DB06BF5D751E53E6B351E4" name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
reaches four, making the country the center of diversity. Of the six known species of the genus, two are endemic to
<collectingCountry id="AFC3AF5981921B0569035B5707A13267" name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
and its Atlantic Forest.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="34877F485099EB7106C34CFCE398FCFD">
It is worth noting that with the Flora do
<collectingCountry id="E18DF6E79FFFD03374FF79B02B1C10D2" name="Brazil">Brasil</collectingCountry>
2020 project (
<bibRefCitation id="AA3F16B88F56D40D4A0DBC7B0B297A09" DOI="10.1002/tax.12640" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pagination="178-198" refId="B12" refString="BFG (2021) Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network. Taxon 71 (1): 178–198. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12640" title="Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network." volume="71" year="2021">BFG 2021</bibRefCitation>
), various taxonomists were encouraged to monograph different groups. Consequently, plant groups that had long gone without taxonomic revisions, that were neglected, or that were known to be of little interest, were revised. Thus, numerous results have been published in recent years as a result of this careful process of revision in these groups (
<bibRefCitation id="A801E93FB6B44D5712AF9C8C385299AF" DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.477.2.1" author="Giulietti" firstAuthor="Giulietti" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pagination="102-150" refId="B32" refString="Giulietti AM (2020) An annotated synopsis of Leiothrix (Eriocaulaceae) with additional nomenclatural notes. Phytotaxa 477 (2): 102–150. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.477.2.1" title="An annotated synopsis of Leiothrix (Eriocaulaceae) with additional nomenclatural notes." volume="477" year="2020">Giulietti 2020</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="94FAC87D941EBFCD327E9FC3B7F01349" DOI="10.1600/036364422X16573019348193" author="Andrino" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Andrino" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pagination="635-641" refId="B1" refString="Andrino CO, Costa FN, Hensold N, Ramos R, Sano PT (2022) Paepalanthus (Eriocaulaceae) of the Brazilian flora: Nomenclatural survey reveals twenty-five new synonyms and widely applied illegitimate names. Systematic Botany 47 (3): 635–641. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364422X16573019348193" title="Paepalanthus (Eriocaulaceae) of the Brazilian flora: Nomenclatural survey reveals twenty-five new synonyms and widely applied illegitimate names." volume="47" year="2022">Andrino et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3738B2BEBFDD251E43E0F4093DA66C09" DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.544.2.3" author="Antar" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Antar" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pagination="171-184" refId="B2" refString="Antar GM, Lírio EJ, Almeida RBP, Sano PT (2022) Bixa atlantica sp. nov. (Bixaceae), a new species of wild annatto from the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil. Phytotaxa 544 (2): 171–184. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.544.2.3" title="Bixa atlantica sp. nov. (Bixaceae), a new species of wild annatto from the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil." volume="544" year="2022">Antar et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3C5B2D01786978C8B8EDA3D26A857C45" DOI="10.1007/s12228-024-09807-w" author="Asprino" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Asprino" issue="4" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pagination="348-354" refId="B3" refString="Asprino RC, Barbosa-Silva RG, Marinho LC, Amorim AM (2024) A fourth species of Chrysobalanus (Chrysobalanaceae): An endemic tree in the Atlantic Forest. Brittonia 76 (4): 348–354. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12228-024-09807-w" title="A fourth species of Chrysobalanus (Chrysobalanaceae): An endemic tree in the Atlantic Forest." volume="76" year="2024">Asprino et al. 2024</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C56293E2B6FC6F147AD75EDFF7E8F709" DOI="10.1600/036364424X17110456120749" author="Barbosa-Silva" firstAuthor="Barbosa-Silva" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pagination="381-395" refId="B8" refString="Barbosa-Silva RG (2024) A Taxonomic treatment of Parinari (Chrysobalanaceae) in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Systematic Botany 49 (2): 381–395. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364424X17110456120749" title="A Taxonomic treatment of Parinari (Chrysobalanaceae) in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil." volume="49" year="2024">Barbosa-Silva 2024</bibRefCitation>
). The same factor also has driven recent studies on the genus
<taxonomicName id="6AF884E7A1E694896A6BAB4EDA5ACD48" authority="(Barbosa-Silva et al. 2021)" baseAuthorityName="Barbosa-Silva" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4136A5DB2DE26AFA1EC4540BBF73529D" italics="true">Christiana</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B7018C82303F891843B2DA22157FA0CA" DOI="10.7717/peerj.12244" author="Barbosa-Silva" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Barbosa-Silva" refId="B9" refString="Barbosa-Silva RG, Coutinho TS, Vasconcelos S, da Silva DF, Oliveira G, Zappi DC (2021) Preliminary placement and new records of an overlooked Amazonian tree, Christiana mennegae (Malvaceae). PeerJ 9 (e 12244): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12244" year="2021">Barbosa-Silva et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, as well as the data presented here.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<taxonomicName id="F116AE7856999097A4A30D1D7261FBE9" ID-CoL="62LKK" authority="DC." authorityName="DC." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="503B571C654BC1441EB8F4AE02C8E7CB" italics="true">Christiana</emphasis>
DC.
</taxonomicName>
, Prodr. 1: 516. 1824.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="DE4C5D8AFB9E245C6EFBD2E533933442">
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<taxonomicName id="3638E8A46482CA598B9A0BB1A817C778" ID-CoL="5T7SB" authority="Walp." authorityName="Walp." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christannia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A81CA88A47B14CC45B1D159E8C4654ED" italics="true">Christannia</emphasis>
Walp.
</taxonomicName>
, Repert. Bot. Syst. 1 (2): 360. 1842
</treatmentCitation>
, sphalm. pro
<taxonomicName id="F36B9F40FF2EB4FA27A8CE59CD7122D6" ID-CoL="62LKK" authority="DC." authorityName="DC." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2007FA9884543C7EBE130BD72215C556" italics="true">Christiana</emphasis>
DC.
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D449764B4424EB3CD942CCE7D1E685C">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="8A25C7A120F699A5A2B6A0F3175DD216">
<treatmentCitation id="D4523737939C486C4FE54F1E18BF5C54" author="Speirostyla Baker" issue="171" journal="J. Linn. Soc., Bot." page="298" score="21.385408720746693" volume="25" year="1889">
<taxonomicName id="00073FE5C13709FEC4FB940197D3E921" ID-CoL="9XP58" authority="Baker" authorityName="Baker" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Speirostyla" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6E847AD4436A5F2EDE41403FC3C6650E" italics="true">Speirostyla</emphasis>
Baker
</taxonomicName>
, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 25 (171): 298. 1889
</treatmentCitation>
. Type.
<taxonomicName id="D2C0CBADC355D6D58D4272A05D8F02F3" ID-CoL="5YGT6" authority="DC." authorityName="DC." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="22435CD5346BC9DA77B34883D7987BAD" italics="true">Christiana africana</emphasis>
DC.
</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName id="0147F3B036C97BE8DB430E1B548EC81B" ID-CoL="4YH8Y" authority="Baker" authorityName="Baker" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Speirostyla" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tiliifolia">
<emphasis id="6E50DCE4DC4C25040A86DC8B0B68B350" italics="true">Speirostyla tiliifolia</emphasis>
Baker
</taxonomicName>
)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E750A7C44110B0CB1343F9C2F2227D2F">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="19159932A9773D669B38D1D82873B851">
<treatmentCitation id="E04CC966CA94070969AA1E545D9FEC9B" author="Asterophorum Sprague" issue="6" journal="Bull. Misc. Inform." page="249" score="0.08555667349387629" volume="1908" year="1908">
<taxonomicName id="8ECC10C49748C72E1358D3408DE1B12B" ID-CoL="5T68C" authority="Sprague" authorityName="Sprague" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Asterophorum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BE5E9268163A612EFAD92146B66567EA" italics="true">Asterophorum</emphasis>
Sprague
</taxonomicName>
, Bull. Misc. Inform. 1908 (6): 249. 1908
</treatmentCitation>
. Type.
<taxonomicName id="82951861D25CF54DBECB27FCDF0B361B" ID-CoL="5YGSV" authority="(Sprague) Kubitzki" authorityName="Kubitzki" baseAuthorityName="Sprague" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eburnea">
<emphasis id="019D7436859710E936536B1792A4BD89" italics="true">Christiana eburnea</emphasis>
(Sprague) Kubitzki
</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName id="1C9DF653416450C93EA84C6FA35AC181" ID-CoL="5W5ZJ" authority="Sprague" authorityName="Sprague" authorityYear="1908" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Asterophorum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eburneum">
<emphasis id="C687D2C601C35BACC018614569E5576C" italics="true">Asterophorum eburneum</emphasis>
Sprague
</taxonomicName>
)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="123C8790CAAA5533C4F5E8C410CDA650">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D7373B905C535BE50CAD7CBE385E301D">
<treatmentCitation id="6514990CEE1AC1C6F4260E0B333093F4">
<taxonomicName id="EC46FFD4446CA1C876D9347BB013FFAD" ID-CoL="5TH5L" authority="Burret" authorityName="Burret" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Tahitia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DEF36F7BF138460AD1E455243754BBD8" italics="true">Tahitia</emphasis>
Burret
</taxonomicName>
, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9 (88): 609. 1926
</treatmentCitation>
. Type.
<taxonomicName id="28BE357B9EF7D397BBB295CAC7E14C00" ID-CoL="5YGSW" authority="(Baill.) Kubitzki" authorityName="Kubitzki" baseAuthorityName="Baill." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vescoana">
<emphasis id="AAB5A757938C32ADE6112CFE726E1134" italics="true">Christiana vescoana</emphasis>
(Baill.) Kubitzki
</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName id="289020AB3ED96D32C6AAE81E4F55E990" ID-CoL="54JZK" authority="Baill." authorityName="Baill." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Tahitia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vescoana">
<emphasis id="39587884E2B7371A7C11415AB127AD03" italics="true">Tahitia vescoana</emphasis>
Baill.
</taxonomicName>
)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EQOAC" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="4E4C36C2806372E21298DAB40402EE58">
<heading id="74F2944D9BEB6C6CB0EAEE642D916A4E" reason="title">Type.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C42C213F0497CC7E3A248CB9C736EF60">
<taxonomicName id="F2F1BF0CC5573049C701357C4465D073" authority="DC." authorityName="DC." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="25ACE6EA402FEC76A9BA97E6025550DF" italics="true">Christiana africana</emphasis>
DC.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EBPAC" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="D8E588C9996BC387F176E2D938868329">
<heading id="567D699D6D90CE059DDC5739BA205DE7" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A6CD3BB1BB2521BA0E3C6B21D4579C1">
A genus of six species found in
<collectingCountry id="CB8671912A8BD5DC69A5054239744CEA" name="Mexico">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, Central and South America, Africa,
<collectingCountry id="7C03CE2714EA34E3E325CD58CA195A69" name="Madagascar">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="9558267FA7A991A30E5599A9ACA706AF" name="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</collectingCountry>
, with
<collectingCountry id="C3BED1329161654A3297B35B116D6811" name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
where there are four species, two of which are endemic as its main center of diversity. The genus is primarily found in rainforest ecosystems.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EGPAC" type="Eponymy">
<paragraph id="60BA201D277047A3D6B8DBA1D4145220">
<heading id="9867DEF73F39186801C7DB70C772AD52" reason="title">Eponymy.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E28B040DF7CA2B6DF35890CBC2ABC3DA">
Candolle named this genus in honor of Christen (Christian) Smith (1785–1816), who collected in the Canary and
<collectingCountry id="B606083955B987CFEA012C8BE00B0231" name="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
islands and in the
<collectingCountry id="D54D92CAE902A687A0E5896D3D81A9A9" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congo</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<mods:namePart id="23612E25C9A7F519F45933E250E09EA0">Barbosa-Silva, Rafael G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8202E70006142E782B48F9F04DA5BA3C" type="ORCID">0000-0002-0668-4840</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="DE529BABB7BD8F361A9091FD5EE1486D">Coordenacão Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Pará, 66077 - 830, Brazil &amp; Institute of Systematic Botany, New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY, 10458 - 5126, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="6B5983E4FDD9AE9ABFAC11DF1A74626A" type="personal">
<mods:role id="3D2343AB2E798C0568C101B80E6C0A19">
<mods:roleTerm id="A7AE289CB06C139158AD9C228B433B52">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="CD6022B4D8A7E1B8AC6EBEFB43BD8D8F">Dorr, Laurence J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3BA468B3C9056B25778315987C7664E5" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7157-363X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="F46DD382688A5B3E514194670352F266">Department of Botany, MRC- 166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, Washington, D. C. 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="8BCB3F44AF821116194D954A2D596D44">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="10C4AC02AC2A9FBE8DA9C33EA7BEFF47" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="51236B17D6B99C40690B8B07FF1AD87B">
<mods:title id="A7F761C785F950A4246FF5FF5E11BF2B">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="EEDF4CB097BCA0D62316AB3D2AEE3A83">
<mods:date id="5A76FAF6AAEC0B4A045C52B6D9EF2770">2025</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="026CAB599AFBB4B21328BD04805020A0" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="961D10A646ED5B2C4ED802017243A3B5">2025-02-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="46C10618104B62B055E13F5B7C6C470A" type="volume">
<mods:number id="407DA7B3E8B2E9B38E95BFC81798A49C">253</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="23EC559D36D0FA2D46C91A984BABD7F9" unit="page">
<mods:start id="D1F3250655FD789927384AAAD51A8E50">33</mods:start>
<mods:end id="83EB6424F5CD678943E9D3168661B0F3">56</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="9A7E224E293C73DB4708C71ACD39A3EB">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="C5C02048875882C8AFD3F205B9A3EB7B" type="DOI">10.3897/phytokeys.253.145350</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="BE060D663F615ED4A269A0160DB0B6FB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14947787" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14947787" ID-arpha="BE060D66-3F61-5ED4-A269-A0160DB0B6FB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BE060D663F615ED4A269A0160DB0B6FB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BE060D663F615ED4A269A0160DB0B6FB" scope_family="Malvaceae" scope_subFamily="Brownlowioideae">
<subSubSection id="C47E62AA67294326F15EB1C61FB512A0" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B278C60C80C2529C50A0062EC26ACD03">
<heading id="E4C70FC56911094F29A01BD11B4A19DB" reason="label">3.</heading>
<taxonomicName id="DAA60DAECA0E9035262A7CFAC77D673D" ID-CoL="5YGT7" authority="Toledo" authorityName="Toledo" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrodon">
<emphasis id="61A7498FBD9B68CF43954F0842F2CD4C" italics="true">Christiana macrodon</emphasis>
Toledo
</taxonomicName>
, Arq. Bot. Estad. São Paulo, n. s., f. m., 3: 29, pl. 8. 1952 [“ 1945 ”].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F27D5D6314C23A65CD5057D8E625D65B" type="description">
<paragraph id="20CF0026F8DD534CC3413BBB5DF7342F">
<figureCitation id="8843D0FB96856E225BF25C899BC1520B" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Geographic distribution of Christiana found in South America with leaf blade outlines for each species. Four phytogeographic domains (Amazonian Forest, Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, and Cerrado) are indicated for Brazil, the center of diversity for the genus." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.253.145350.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1265769">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EHUAG" type="material">
<paragraph id="7AC9D056C3C220402C3F2A10700116CB">
<heading id="1379FC2466936A5F237CA9A5B6F0784B" reason="title">Type.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6A215B12742E687D936840DC382B65A5">
<materialsCitation id="DD58498F60CC916C67CA729823E7CD7E" collectingDate="1947-11-19" collectionCode="HBG, MAC, NY, RB" collectorName="M. Kuhlmann" country="Brazil" location="mata a beira do Rio Pardo" municipality="Jardinopolis" specimenCode="SP 001662, HBG-512735, HBG-512736, MAC 0055147, 01795748, RB 553263, SP 001663" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Sao Paulo" typeStatus="lectotype">
<collectingCountry id="3DDAA7D7340297D4E331008234E871CC" name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="55D6AA7E832BD7A5C1CF860DE5C42ECC" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="CD0D34B088E96288DB52474C1F985A72">Jardinópolis</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="C841E2F828FEA7FF4C1E0FFD780C1F67" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BE060D663F615ED4A269A0160DB0B6FB:C841E2F828FEA7FF4C1E0FFD780C1F67" country="Brazil" municipality="Jardinopolis" name="mata a beira do Rio Pardo" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">mata à beira do Rio Pardo</location>
,
<date id="E697A33C28A7E03D434631CB8645B12F" value="1947-11-19">
<collectingDate id="8CBF8C6D912D72FC651A5586C76930F7" value="1947-11-19">19 Nov 1947</collectingDate>
</date>
(fl bud, fr),
<emphasis id="D7D4687C98AAE62851C9F3388095D928" italics="true">
<collectorName id="91118A2A168F9FA9BA6466D9BF60B75A">M. Kuhlmann</collectorName>
2009
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="56A0A5B8031D01B31D391FE795FFC2E0" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, here designated:
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EPUAG" xlink_title="São Paulo">
<specimenCount id="3A153392DC719DD0062A75DBE7FEF231" type="generic">SP</specimenCount>
</abbrev>
[
<specimenCode id="CAA5C32E2B56B77DAAA5247A3E267566">SP 001662</specimenCode>
; digital image!];
<typeStatus id="97722FA23E494F4DD0F4740FAA9887E6" type="isolectotype">isolectotypes</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="9C8CEC82721A48CB58B4DCBCE0348BBE">HBG</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="F37304BDC3F64B31B1093A4D98A52A21">HBG-512735</specimenCode>
; digital image!],
<collectionCode id="302A20D7C7188FE3218501CABF8C7FA1">HBG</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="CD08B27B329EA1A2AC64DBB3FD199D56">HBG-512736</specimenCode>
; digital image!],
<collectionCode id="C822923CC760828B14390405F750C333">MAC</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="7681B42DB3E9D77E50B657B76B9E1A08">MAC 0055147</specimenCode>
]!,
<collectionCode id="0839A422B00D65EE4FDBD0D290C6E4EB" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="89DA3BA4CF9C1A723309BB303E1089F0">01795748</specimenCode>
; digital image!],
<collectionCode id="FF1A2881EBAF8636A9EEDB0866A38FD4" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15528" name="Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro" type="Herbarium">RB</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="C818DE392B5076B39DB44A01B7C9CC89">RB 553263</specimenCode>
; digital image!],
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ETUAG" xlink_title="São Paulo">
<specimenCount id="6359544C9CAB4FDD249D03750967E2CD" type="generic">SP</specimenCount>
</abbrev>
[
<specimenCode id="20D70758CB981DD978AE8B834F94754D">SP 001663</specimenCode>
; digital image!])
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EXUAG" type="description">
<paragraph id="D9ED3D96E45B0C90475E7489D0F911FC">
<heading id="9871061E77138FE906ACD4AC78E19141" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B2368BADC162F0083F166ABAC04BC1F3">
Shrubs to trees,
<quantity id="366A357721D90E6295EDC98567EB8259" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.5" unit="m" value="2.25" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–3 m</quantity>
tall. Leaves: petioles
<quantity id="10FBC910E3AE9E3ADE17FED4BF014EAB" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" unit="cm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5–7 cm</quantity>
long, leaf blades 10–15 ×
<quantity id="76D5E79B7AA211565F14907BF18BDCAD" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.8" unit="cm" value="10.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="8.0">8–12 cm</quantity>
, widely ovate to circular, concolorous, bases cordate, margins coarsely dentate, apices acuminate, stellate trichomes above and below. Inflorescences short peduncled; flowers attached to peduncle. Capsules syncarpous,
<quantity id="D499860E7377BA59C329444816961468" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="cm" value="1.1" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="1.0">1–1.2 cm</quantity>
long, transversely ellipsoid, wings absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E3UAG" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9A40B35D58474DC451BD3AD6184AA68C">
<heading id="D95D26D84EA2F1C96DD72844909502DC" reason="title">Distribution and habitat</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4982CD38F2B01FA9F068D2BBDFC9101B">
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="5A785A86E1B491CA3D9D9391AB5BCB97" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Geographic distribution of Christiana found in South America with leaf blade outlines for each species. Four phytogeographic domains (Amazonian Forest, Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, and Cerrado) are indicated for Brazil, the center of diversity for the genus." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.253.145350.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1265769">2</figureCitation>
). Endemic to
<collectingCountry id="CAF0FF2A38F1548267F981BCA3E5635E" name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, where it is found only in
<collectingRegion id="EF5A65E6EC3544562F2999AAEFC53969" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo">São Paulo state</collectingRegion>
. This species occurs in Savanna and semi-deciduous seasonal forest (Atlantic Rainforest) at
<quantity id="5354D4AA4AEE30CC8BBB0F2E1724C76B" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.65" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.3" unit="m" value="565.0" valueMax="600.0" valueMin="530.0">530–600 m</quantity>
elevation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EGVAG" type="phenology">
<paragraph id="094443F361BE1A5B44961A41D4A9F95A">
<heading id="2A04016DC7E186E90DEDAE2C90262204" reason="title">Phenology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="395628F2DECBA3042782AA8E50C3B62A">Flowering specimens collected in November, and fruiting in April and September.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ELVAG" type="conservation status">
<paragraph id="F835003B25828C0891DAA274E8DCA4E9">
<heading id="091E0FC2D73D9A62F9FFF33EA964BABD" reason="title">Conservation status.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F008756F8CDB24677D018DE9AD468DFA">
Endangered (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ERVAG" xlink_title="Critically Endangered">EN</abbrev>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="01E7F7D0ABF13D7E774C5CE54C61F14B" author="Fernandes and Amorim" firstAuthor="Fernandes" refId="B27" refString="Fernandes E, Amorim E (2018) Christiana macrodon (Malvaceae). In: Lista Vermelha da Flora Brasileira. Centro Nacional de Conservação da Flora / Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. https://proflora.jbrj.gov.br/html/Christiana%20macrodon_2018.html [Accessed 02 Sep 2024]" url="https://proflora.jbrj.gov.br/html/Christiana%20macrodon_2018.html" year="2018">Fernandes and Amorim 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EZVAG" type="Vernacular name">
<paragraph id="D8B9D8171C09E7613BBF0C9DDBE8FF10">
<heading id="8E75BAABBDB76100C6F6EBDAD33DE5E6" reason="title">Vernacular name.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3D8C18364D6E720007F4C84903A13F78">Algodoeiro.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E5VAG" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="F002A14644F443C2FA93705A2D02977F">
<heading id="E52AA893D19D17A00754985BEAC5F852" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D1ECB8620030559515E6045FB6BF1BF6">
From the Greek ‘
<emphasis id="725910766798030C8BEEA2F316700685" italics="true">macr</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="E0473BC2FCDA9CF8B19C088856362676" italics="true">macro</emphasis>
’ meaning ‘ long, large, great’, and ‘
<emphasis id="421D480A9B057EA0444ABF678CF9B66A" italics="true">odus</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="C4C85D862126623B5E8ABE97F98011AA" italics="true">odon</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="CBD37DBE97763385AB053BD9EF1EF3E3" italics="true">odontos</emphasis>
’ meaning ‘ teeth’, the specific ephitet probably referring to the conspicuously dentate leaf blade margins.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EOWAG" type="material">
<paragraph id="0071B1E42BA588EF3338F9AFCE8A8B9C">
<heading id="AB3915ACBAD51635DD00740B99318766" reason="title">Additional specimens examined.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="282E099AB01EBAB9D50918A946879A77">
<emphasis id="EBDB531335B571A703FB3149EB45BE68" bold="true">
<collectingCountry id="ADC3A238AA76952828EC632BF1B3ACAD" name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="3640DA93C074BEA7F36E5B5009E7E55E" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Adamantina, Estação Experimental do IAC,
<date id="C55FF06274F8915177B54FEC00AD20CC" value="1995-09-05">05 Sep 1995</date>
(fr),
<emphasis id="94DD7DD935E8FB37D4B2599CC5C093B0" italics="true">L. C. Bernacci et al. 1968</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="8EEC2F5EA02ED73053FD1BE148EFA39F" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15730" name="Universidade de São Paulo" type="Herbarium">SPF</collectionCode>
[digital image]); Porto-Ferreira Reserv. Estad. Porto Ferreira,
<date id="DDFCCF608602FCD3733C9CC5D1C505DE" value="1980-12-17">17 Dec 1980</date>
(fl bud),
<emphasis id="8E90EBB724512A2D3EA609468324AFD4" italics="true">J. E. A. Bertoni 16889</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="00A78E84EBB62B3422FDDC0B1B96655F" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15528" name="Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro" type="Herbarium">RB</collectionCode>
[
<collectionCode id="591150BF8FCD5A29336EC5B240146CD4" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15528" name="Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro" type="Herbarium">RB</collectionCode>
312587; digital image]); Gália,
<date id="735CD79A460FADD665D24B41440A05A9" value="2005-06-15">15 Jun 2005</date>
(st),
<emphasis id="62052A7BB34E21405846E8BF1708B23A" italics="true">M. R. Gorenstein 22202</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="C5DDADFB9064E7B5A86F003490363132" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14319" name="Universidade de São Paulo" type="Herbarium">ESA</collectionCode>
[digital image]); Ribeirão Preto, margem do Córrego Labareda,
<date id="73897A6414A6A7AE8EE6E6A60565AFDF" value="2001-11-11">11 Nov 2001</date>
(fl bud),
<emphasis id="AAF80B5F2E49DA9A8076B53DDA0C834A" italics="true">O. Kotchetkoff-Henriques &amp; A. Furlan 623</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="A817C29147443AF599E1B8D5E383A7F9" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14319" name="Universidade de São Paulo" type="Herbarium">ESA</collectionCode>
[digital image], IAC [digital image], SPFR [digital image]); Jardinópolis, margem do Rio Pardo, s. d. (st),
<emphasis id="5AC032ED0F974D6445E16F47401E2D3C" italics="true">M. Kuhlmann 2965</emphasis>
[= Herb. No. 50524] (
<collectionCode id="67A3FC9C5F91A4545A27029AF6310A1F" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13038" name="Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul" type="Herbarium">HAS</collectionCode>
[digital image], IAN [n. v.],
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EAXAG" xlink_title="São Paulo">SP</abbrev>
[n. v.],
<collectionCode id="B416C27BC5E10B64BD7F3A08C98FF0D9" country="South Africa" name="University of Stellenbosch">US</collectionCode>
[00627713]); Matão, Fazenda Cambuhy,
<date id="131EDF7609E4812C3468E455B3206276" value="1994-04-14">14 Apr 1994</date>
(fr),
<emphasis id="D496F28D2F970EFB89BE5C93FAE718F0" italics="true">V. C. Souza et al. 5650</emphasis>
(
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EGXAG" xlink_title="São Paulo">
<collectionCode id="426542E392B8D6A30996518B1E46C2BA" country="Brazil" name="Instituto de Botânica" type="Herbarium">SP</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
[n. v.], SPF [digital image], UNIP [digital image]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EKXAG" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="EF21243939A3A126A8417D045B91F01C">
<heading id="2F0F584925E23C70AEA4EEC69052C82C" reason="title">Discussion.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8F9E6290238067D3698EDADFA2D8BABB">
Both
<taxonomicName id="BFCEE2F559CAA8C5BEF667E14F46AE99" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrodon">
<emphasis id="5EFA4EB716E6ACC0F0F55024D96E60B9" italics="true">Christiana macrodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C45B092F1A20E9F6830674ED6FA02543" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vescoana">
<emphasis id="942C8360399FA4285271FB510012C535" italics="true">C. vescoana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have dentate leaf blades, but the former species is distinguished by its coarsely dentate margins and fruits not winged (vs. finely dentate margins and fruits winged in the latter).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0C3EB52E281603B001550CD177E58578">
The protologue states that the “ Typus ” is a collection (N. ° 43.987) in the herbarium at
<collectingRegion id="D85B273E2BC172294EB73620E482D603" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
(
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EIYAG" xlink_title="São Paulo">
<collectionCode id="9280C08692A6805461684EC029849BD8" country="Brazil" name="Instituto de Botânica" type="Herbarium">SP</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
) but inasmuch as there now are two sheets with this number in that herbarium, one is designated here as the
<typeStatus id="F34703791B0942B123207DD4DC686E72" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
(
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EMYAG" xlink_title="São Paulo">
<collectionCode id="D7913713B3AA7D56A4775E644F70602F" country="Brazil" name="Instituto de Botânica" type="Herbarium">SP</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
barcode SP 001662), as it has fruit.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -1,64 +1,64 @@
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<treatment id="D05F4FB221865EA2A157CE6DB5ACFBBF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14947371" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14947371" ID-arpha="D05F4FB2-2186-5EA2-A157-CE6DB5ACFBBF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D05F4FB221865EA2A157CE6DB5ACFBBF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D05F4FB221865EA2A157CE6DB5ACFBBF">
<treatment id="D05F4FB221865EA2A157CE6DB5ACFBBF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14947371" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14947371" ID-arpha="D05F4FB2-2186-5EA2-A157-CE6DB5ACFBBF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D05F4FB221865EA2A157CE6DB5ACFBBF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D05F4FB221865EA2A157CE6DB5ACFBBF" scope_family="Malvaceae" scope_subFamily="Brownlowioideae">
<subSubSection id="77137506139AF2017A83E7EB40EE769A" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="2FE55A921848794F309FFC9598B018ED">
<heading id="CAB66CDE9F4D03FA2C70AA0455AA13EA" reason="label">2.</heading>
<treatmentCitation id="3D9E9AE216700742923CCD585E054A2A" author="Kubitzki" issue="4" journal="Bot. Jahrb. Syst." page="541" score="144.29617767960897" volume="116" year="1995">
<taxonomicName id="26B010ECBB5C0D901A1079119740520B" ID-CoL="5YGSV" authority="(Sprague) Kubitzki, Bot. Jahrb. Syst." baseAuthorityName="Sprague" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eburnea">
<taxonomicName id="59BB08F9E95011B2D9EA2874E3EFD1A5" ID-CoL="5YGSV" authority="(Sprague) Kubitzki" authorityName="Kubitzki" baseAuthorityName="Sprague" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eburnea">
<emphasis id="2FED66B348B20A822158B43B23F2BE95" italics="true">Christiana eburnea</emphasis>
(Sprague) Kubitzki, Bot. Jahrb. Syst.
(Sprague) Kubitzki
</taxonomicName>
116 (4): 541. 1995
, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 116 (4): 541. 1995
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
@ -71,13 +71,12 @@
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<paragraph id="C7FE4E3F17273018102F49AB949AB18E">
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<treatmentCitation id="0251409B7914D3B403AA8F6F58791ECA" author="Sprague" issue="6" journal="Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew" page="249" score="3.024853961039458" volume="1908" year="1908">
<taxonomicName id="DEDCFD552BC33D65C1B6CAB4C9F96CB6" ID-CoL="5W5ZJ" authority="Sprague, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1908" authorityName="Sprague, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew" authorityYear="1908" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Asterophorum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eburneum">
<taxonomicName id="28B396C9D2B4FA6552BEA70F04E98CD7" ID-CoL="5W5ZJ" authority="Sprague" authorityName="Sprague" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Asterophorum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eburneum">
<emphasis id="B43C7F585DD9462B93FE28AB8C57AA0D" italics="true">Asterophorum eburneum</emphasis>
Sprague, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1908
Sprague
</taxonomicName>
(6): 249. 1908
, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1908 (6): 249. 1908
</treatmentCitation>
. Type.
<collectingCountry id="173BD854CAEAE494D7E58FD44C21FC6A" name="Ecuador">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
@ -92,20 +91,16 @@ Sprague, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1908
, here designated: K [K 000381141]!;
<typeStatus id="748C45EAF8E5AF80D349858FAFB63F17" type="isolectotype">isolectotype</typeStatus>
: K [K 000381140]!).
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E6MAG" type="material">
<paragraph id="AE43CEDD4C38D0879DCAED231F1B99AB">
<heading id="7B31CC012DBE05F4B4319E67728C1BB4" reason="title">
<typeStatus id="F428893C3D4F68A840AE90988E032E33">Type</typeStatus>
.
</heading>
<heading id="7B31CC012DBE05F4B4319E67728C1BB4" reason="title">Type.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E8836E16C464C8E53CCD682B23C1A41">
Based on
<taxonomicName id="1887EF23127D62BB30801C384FFE3C3D" authority="Sprague." authorityName="Sprague, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew" authorityYear="1908" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Asterophorum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eburneum">
<taxonomicName id="1887EF23127D62BB30801C384FFE3C3D" authority="Sprague." authorityName="Sprague." authorityYear="1908" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Asterophorum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eburneum">
<emphasis id="2BC64D506353EE1E3DCD3B3294068AC9" italics="true">Asterophorum eburneum</emphasis>
Sprague.
</taxonomicName>
@ -156,7 +151,7 @@ was based on the misidentification of a specimen (
<taxonomicName id="094B70E5A1AD8E1B6AAEAC8313E244D3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Christiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mennegae">
<emphasis id="81A6692839E4B832B3C035A46B6E4139" italics="true">C. mennegae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Jans. - Jac. &amp; Westra) Kubitzki as reported by
(Jans.-Jac. &amp; Westra) Kubitzki as reported by
<bibRefCitation id="30D2F269BE03035E04A54080BEAF7335" DOI="10.7717/peerj.12244" author="Barbosa-Silva RG &amp; Coutinho TS &amp; Vasconcelos S &amp; da Silva DF &amp; Oliveira G &amp; Zappi DC" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Barbosa-Silva" refId="B9" refString="Barbosa-Silva RG, Coutinho TS, Vasconcelos S, da Silva DF, Oliveira G, Zappi DC (2021) Preliminary placement and new records of an overlooked Amazonian tree, Christiana mennegae (Malvaceae). PeerJ 9 (e 12244): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12244" year="2021">Barbosa-Silva et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
@ -181,9 +176,7 @@ found within a protected area (Reserva Ecológica Manglares Churute). With an AO
<quantity id="069CC6DA43C5EBAAAAB41E378F3CA66A" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
<superScript id="8F82DE79F2E59A895531D38585B5AA63">2</superScript>
, this species is assessed here as Critically Endangered (
<abbrev id="9BCC293A482408A8970EFFF5F4C070C3">
<collectionCode id="E6B6A1051A07F42790E3D72CC36B27DB" country="Costa Rica" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15652" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" type="Herbarium">CR</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
<abbrev id="9BCC293A482408A8970EFFF5F4C070C3">CR</abbrev>
), under B 2 ab (ii, iv, v) criteria, according to
<bibRefCitation id="31E66BF2BAAC8A3160970BFF04229C30" journalOrPublisher="IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK" refId="B37" refString="IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. 2 nd edn. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, 32 pp." title="IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. 2 nd edn." year="2012">IUCN (2012</bibRefCitation>
).
@ -260,7 +253,7 @@ This species was described as a novelty discovered in the Kew Herbarium (K) and
. Chonana [sic] near Guayaquil,
<emphasis id="AE5E27A4F935A6D4E5D9B349957313D7" italics="true">Spruce 6260</emphasis>
. ” A specimen in Herbarium Hookerianum (K) labeled by Sprague “
<taxonomicName id="1B44208BF9675AACDE119A156E839D8F" authority=", Sprague" authorityName="Sprague" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Asterophorum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eburneum">
<taxonomicName id="1B44208BF9675AACDE119A156E839D8F" authority="Sprague" authorityName="Sprague" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Asterophorum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eburneum">
<emphasis id="3578C35598BBE2CE54B0B6A7A63CABAC" italics="true">Asterophorum eburneum</emphasis>
, Sprague
</taxonomicName>
@ -275,9 +268,7 @@ Additional Spruce material (
<collectionCode id="D417E7C552491A9AE10DE8AEFAA0BFD5" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15519" name="Université Montpellier 2" type="Herbarium">MPU</collectionCode>
, and P) labeled “ Ad fluvium Daule prope Guayaquil ” has the number “ 6260 ” as cited in the protologue but this material lacks the precise locality that was given even though Chonona, an indigenous locality, eventually was subsumed by the municipality of Daule (
<bibRefCitation id="F70589CF673217F9C9AA0DFE3EE858AB" author="Jijon y Camano" firstAuthor="Jijon" refId="B39" refString="Jijón y Camaño J (1919) Contribución al conocimiento de las lenguas indígenas que se hablaron en el Ecuador interandino y occidental: con anterioridad a la conquista española: ensayo provisional. Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Estudios Históricos Americanos, 1–76." year="1919">Jijón y Camaño 1919</bibRefCitation>
). Given the locality conflict, these specimens are considered original but not
<typeStatus id="BA5D448E8F7FC668D22858BA87F56CFB">type</typeStatus>
material. Finally, two herbarium sheets of
). Given the locality conflict, these specimens are considered original but not type material. Finally, two herbarium sheets of
<emphasis id="A2B9646F633CF801DDD63C88E27FF014" italics="true">
Spruce
<quantity id="0434469FB84B3131346EA9A2AE67D32E" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.59004" unit="in" value="6260.0">6260 in</quantity>

1633
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