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<document id="C9D625CB39FD90254A295A0FB814CF25" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.650.3.4" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13216401" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1722603100661" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Jacques, Eliane De Lima, Pinto, Mahat Elliot Fernandes, Fernandes, Ana Luiza Borges Da Costa &amp; Tozin, Luiz Ricardo Dos Santos" docDate="2024" docId="4B33215BFFFBB36FFF31F807FF4D217A" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.650.3.4.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 650 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.650.3.4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Begonia isadorae E. L. Jacques, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="244" masterDocId="B70A5923FFFAB366FFB9FF88FFB9205E" masterDocTitle="Begonia isadorae (Begoniaceae), a new endemic species from Ilha Grande, an island in southeastern Brazil, with notes on leaf anatomy" masterLastPageNumber="248" masterPageNumber="236" pageNumber="237" updateTime="1724682338835" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="739F1D52CE3B513247B7E4F14772E75D">Begonia isadorae (Begoniaceae), a new endemic species from Ilha Grande, an island in southeastern Brazil, with notes on leaf anatomy</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="DE498923D2C1E7935A9868233B65A7F7" type="personal">
<mods:role id="4458C055E36D48AAFE8CC31A085BDF7A">
<mods:roleTerm id="8264E84FC947D29F737E02BE9016DDD7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C33F7248B31464EE7362F8294B67F386">Jacques, Eliane De Lima</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B898ACB56E1D14C2652C1F056AAF5385" type="ORCID">0000-0002-8226-4338</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="85A7ED5509B516ACDE600C4842AAE13E">Herbário RBR, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR- 465, km 7, 23890 - 000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2D16523BA7020E0EE58FBE441D068646" type="email">ejacques@ufrrj.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="8793D74E24C9E3DDA04F9A2C16C97131" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="63235D0FAA022D7C2E997A6853CC086C">Pinto, Mahat Elliot Fernandes</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="051319DACDB4A079272863D14C0639CD" type="ORCID">0009-0001-1142-3186</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="907EA92030776EEE7723289164C9B155">Herbário RBR, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR- 465, km 7, 23890 - 000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="0FAB35A9D4260F850A9275ABF253158C" type="email">mahat.pin@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="A9F4E00DC78887A07CB3FF5CD821EDCD" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="7E6A2CE66AA643ADFC3885B45DF88863">Fernandes, Ana Luiza Borges Da Costa</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A7394179704FB8EFE5DE9D12EC765AFA" type="ORCID">0009-0008-9454-6886</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A5182EE13F2BC8DD797918C22F280FDE" type="email">analuiza_bcfernandes@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="084D3B24E204FD6045F0126412AE70E2">Tozin, Luiz Ricardo Dos Santos</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5E13C7C42739561F6D2F2823750CC084" type="ORCID">0000-0002-0231-7592</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6E8BF455AB873E6B22FC54A2A2D175D7" type="email">tozin@ufrrj.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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<mods:title id="34A3E07E9AF9D2B933419C7A3756412A">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D71A027BAE78562B7629F7C16FDAF84D">
<mods:date id="48E89EBC2D3D0E45F6C9730407DCD2F3">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D72BF04084F7A0B5B9AB6D7129A0C580">650</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="15A3F82473F34915D6CC567D84D2A7DC">3</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="E283AD8CAA3CB8C35B5E67A2E16534CA">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="9DE4568B325E27BCFA5BD215517250D9" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.650.3.4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E010CFF5E463A69CCEC39339B850D349" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D3F64D585FF8EACCA1DDCB2F6CADF698" type="Zenodo-Dep">13216401</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="4B33215BFFFBB36FFF31F807FF4D217A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4B33215BFFFBB36FFF31F807FF4D217A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4B33215BFFFBB36FFF31F807FF4D217A" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="244" pageId="1" pageNumber="237">
<subSubSection id="8B80C3C6FFFBB367FF31F807FD5927F7" box="[136,736,1934,1961]" pageId="1" pageNumber="237" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C325904DFFFBB367FF31F807FD5927F7" blockId="1.[136,736,1934,1961]" box="[136,736,1934,1961]" pageId="1" pageNumber="237">
<heading id="986D2721FFFBB367FF31F807FD5927F7" box="[136,736,1934,1961]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="237" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="049AEBCEFFFBB367FF31F807FE5B27F7" ID-CoL="CGLCG" authority="E.L.Jacques" authorityName="E. L. Jacques" box="[136,482,1934,1961]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="1" pageNumber="237" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="isadorae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFFBB367FF31F807FEEB27F7" bold="true" box="[136,338,1934,1961]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="237">Begonia isadorae</emphasis>
E.L.Jacques
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFFBB367FE57F818FDFA27F7" box="[494,579,1936,1961]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="237">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EADDF124FFFBB367FE57F818FDFA27F7" box="[494,579,1936,1961]" pageId="1" pageNumber="237" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="5BA18CC8FFFBB367FDE8F807FD2627F7" box="[593,671,1935,1961]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[162,1423,189,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-26@3.[162,1425,187,1925]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. A–O. Begonia isadorae E.L.Jacques.A, Habit; B, Details of the internodes, showing the stipules; C, Petiole scales; D, Details of indumentum in abaxial leaf surface; E–G, Staminate flowers, different periods of anthesis; H, Stamen; I, Apex of the tepals of the pistillate flower, showing the indumentum; J–K, Pistillate flowers, different periods of anthesis; L, Stigmas; M, Bracteoles of pistillate flowers; N, Ovary, cross section; O, Capsule. Illustrations by Maria Alice Rezende from Wängler et al. 3235." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13216403" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13216403/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="237">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="5BA18CC8FFFBB367FD14F807FD0427F7" box="[685,701,1935,1961]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1564,1586]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,240,1485]" captionTargetId="figure-19@4.[151,1436,240,1488]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. A–J. Begonia isadorae E.L.Jacques. A, Habitat; B, Petioles; C, Details of indumentum in adaxial leaf surface; D, Staminate flowers; E, Staminate flowers, showing the indumentum; F–H, Pistillate flowers, different periods of anthesis; I, Capsule. (A, I from Gomes s.n (RBR 00059915); B–H Wängler et al. 3235). (Scale bars: A= 35 cm; B= 3 cm; C= 1.5 cm; D–E= 10 mm; F= 8 mm, G= 3 cm, H, 10 mm; I= 10 mm) Photos A, I.L.O. Gomes; B–I, E.L. Jacques." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13216405" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13216405/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="237">2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="5BA18CC8FFFBB367FD70F807FD6E27F7" box="[713,727,1935,1961]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[136,229,2028,2050]" captionTargetBox="[162,1415,225,1967]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[152,1435,190,2004]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Distribution map of Begonia isadorae E.L.Jacques (dark dots)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13216407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13216407/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="237">3</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8B80C3C6FFFBB367FF31F83FFE8E284A" pageId="1" pageNumber="237" type="description">
<paragraph id="C325904DFFFBB367FF31F83FFE8E284A" blockId="1.[136,1451,1974,2068]" pageId="1" pageNumber="237">
<taxonomicName id="049AEBCEFFFBB367FF31F83FFE8B2795" authority="E. L. Jacques" box="[136,306,1974,1996]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="1" pageNumber="237" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="isadorae">
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFFBB367FF31F83FFE8B2795" box="[136,306,1974,1996]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="237">Begonia isadorae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to
<taxonomicName id="049AEBCEFFFBB367FE5CF83FFC922792" authority="A. DC. (1859: 125)" authorityName="A. DC." authorityPageNumber="125" authorityYear="1859" box="[485,811,1974,1996]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="1" pageNumber="237" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubropilosa">
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFFBB367FE5CF83FFDC92795" box="[485,624,1974,1996]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="237">B. rubropilosa</emphasis>
A.DC. (1859: 125)
</taxonomicName>
but differs in having puberulous to glabrescent adaxial leaf blades (
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFFBB367FF7CF853FF6027AE" box="[197,217,2011,2032]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="237">vs</emphasis>
. scabrous), puberulous tepals in the staminate and pistillate flowers (
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFFBB367FC2BF853FC1F27AE" box="[914,934,2011,2032]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="237">vs</emphasis>
. squamulose) and ovaries with entire placentae (
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFFBB367FA28F853FA1C27AE" box="[1425,1445,2011,2032]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="237">vs</emphasis>
. bilamellate).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8B80C3C6FFF8B364FF31FF17FC212523" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C325904DFFF8B364FF31FF17FDB220A3" blockId="2.[136,1451,159,253]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">
Type:—
<materialsCitation id="73F29A10FFF8B364FF6FFF17FDB220A3" collectingDate="2021-12-01" collectionCode="M, S, I, C, V, RBR" country="Brazil" latitude="-23.0" location="Parque Estadual da Ilha Grande" longLatPrecision="1257" longitude="-43.0" municipality="Angra dos Reis Municipality" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" specimenCode="RBR 00056077" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro State" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="BB8DD0DDFFF8B364FF6FFF17FE8920EA" box="[214,304,159,180]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="015E5EAFFFF8B364FE83FF17FDBA20EA" box="[314,515,159,181]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Rio de Janeiro State</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="23410A37FFF8B364FDB5FF17FC9F20EB" box="[524,806,159,181]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Angra dos Reis Municipality</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="C645C696FFF8B364FC88FF28FBD020EB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4B33215BFFFBB36FFF31F807FF4D217A:C645C696FFF8B364FC88FF28FBD020EB" box="[817,1129,159,181]" country="Brazil" latitude="-23.0" longLatPrecision="1257" longitude="-43.0" municipality="Angra dos Reis Municipality" name="Parque Estadual da Ilha Grande" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro State">Parque Estadual da Ilha Grande</location>
,
<location id="C645C696FFF8B364FBCDFF17FB5020EB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4B33215BFFFBB36FFF31F807FF4D217A:C645C696FFF8B364FBCDFF17FB5020EB" box="[1140,1257,159,181]" country="Brazil" latitude="-23.0" longLatPrecision="1257" longitude="-43.0" municipality="Angra dos Reis Municipality" name="Ilha Grande" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro State">Ilha Grande</location>
, na beira da estrada
<location id="C645C696FFF8B364FF04FF4BFEC92087" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4B33215BFFFBB36FFF31F807FF4D217A:C645C696FFF8B364FF04FF4BFEC92087" box="[189,368,195,217]" country="Brazil" latitude="-23.0" longLatPrecision="1257" longitude="-43.0" municipality="Angra dos Reis Municipality" name="Abraao-Dois Rios" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro State">Abraão-Dois Rios</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="A6AEF68AFFF8B364FEC4FF4BFE722086" box="[381,459,195,216]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" precision="925" value="-23.0">23º00’S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="A6AEF68AFFF8B364FE61FF4BFD972086" box="[472,558,195,216]" degrees="43" direction="west" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" precision="925" value="-43.0">43º00’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="B724B68DFFF8B364FD83FF4BFD552086" box="[570,748,195,217]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" value="2021-12-01">
<collectingDate id="A7604F65FFF8B364FD83FF4BFD552086" box="[570,748,195,217]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" value="2021-12-01">1 December 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFF8B364FD40FF4BFA122086" box="[761,1451,195,217]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">
<location id="C645C696FFF8B364FD40FF4BFCF22086" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4B33215BFFFBB36FFF31F807FF4D217A:C645C696FFF8B364FD40FF4BFCF22086" box="[761,843,195,216]" country="Brazil" latitude="-23.0" longLatPrecision="1257" longitude="-43.0" municipality="Angra dos Reis Municipality" name="Wangler" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro State">Wängler</location>
,
<collectionCode id="A58B0888FFF8B364FCEEFF4BFCC82086" box="[855,881,195,216]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="A58B0888FFF8B364FCCDFF4BFC3B2086" box="[884,898,195,216]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
.,
<location id="C645C696FFF8B364FC2BFF4BFBA92086" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4B33215BFFFBB36FFF31F807FF4D217A:C645C696FFF8B364FC2BFF4BFBA92086" box="[914,1040,195,216]" country="Brazil" latitude="-23.0" longLatPrecision="1257" longitude="-43.0" municipality="Angra dos Reis Municipality" name="Silva-Batista" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro State">Silva-Batista</location>
,
<collectionCode id="A58B0888FFF8B364FBA5FF4BFB912086" box="[1052,1064,195,216]" country="Romania" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14415" name="&amp;quot;Alexandru Ioan Cuza&amp;quot; University" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" type="Herbarium">I</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="A58B0888FFF8B364FB95FF4BFB862086" box="[1068,1087,195,216]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
.,
<location id="C645C696FFF8B364FBF6FF4CFB1C2087" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4B33215BFFFBB36FFF31F807FF4D217A:C645C696FFF8B364FBF6FF4CFB1C2087" box="[1103,1189,196,217]" country="Brazil" latitude="-23.0" longLatPrecision="1257" longitude="-43.0" municipality="Angra dos Reis Municipality" name="Loureiro" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro State">Loureiro</location>
,
<collectionCode id="A58B0888FFF8B364FB08FF4CFB712087" box="[1201,1224,196,217]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
. &amp;
<location id="C645C696FFF8B364FB56FF4CFAFA2087" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4B33215BFFFBB36FFF31F807FF4D217A:C645C696FFF8B364FB56FF4CFAFA2087" box="[1263,1347,196,217]" country="Brazil" latitude="-23.0" longLatPrecision="1257" longitude="-43.0" municipality="Angra dos Reis Municipality" name="Ferreira" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro State">Ferreira</location>
,
<collectionCode id="A58B0888FFF8B364FAF6FF4BFAE62086" box="[1359,1375,195,216]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="A58B0888FFF8B364FADAFF4BFAC92086" box="[1379,1392,195,216]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
. 3235
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="1C212EEFFFF8B364FF7DFF6FFEA320A3" box="[196,282,231,253]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="A58B0888FFF8B364FEA6FF60FEF620A3" box="[287,335,232,253]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15738" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15738" name="Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" type="Herbarium">RBR</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="933C3836FFF8B364FEE2FF60FE4320A3" box="[347,506,231,253]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">RBR 00056077</specimenCode>
]).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C325904DFFF8B364FF31FEA3FC212523" blockId="2.[136,1452,299,1982]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">
Herbs, prostrate, to
<quantity id="04623DA8FFF8B364FED2FEA3FE0B2118" box="[363,434,299,326]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
tall (not including inflorescence). Cystoliths present. Stems prostrate; internodes 0.5–2.0 cm long, succulent, reddish, glabrous. Stipules persistent, subcarnose, greenish when fresh, brown, and scarious when dry, 6–10 ×
<quantity id="04623DA8FFF8B364FEE6FEFBFE5C21D0" box="[351,485,371,398]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.75" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" unit="mm" value="7.75" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.5">5.5–10 mm</quantity>
, widely ovate to oblong, apex acute, acuminate to carinate, margins entire, densely puberulous along the keel, trichomes simple. Leaves simple, petioles reddish,
<quantity id="04623DA8FFF8B364FC4CFE1FFBEF21EC" box="[1013,1110,407,434]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" unit="cm" value="9.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="6.0">6–12 cm</quantity>
long, squamulose throughout, scales flat, fimbriate, adpressed to reflexed, rosy vinaceous,
<quantity id="04623DA8FFF8B364FC93FE33FC252188" box="[810,924,443,470]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" unit="mm" value="3.25" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="2.0">2–4.5 mm</quantity>
long, leaf blades basifixed, entire, transversely ovate, asymmetrical, fleshy, 6.5–11 ×
<quantity id="04623DA8FFF8B364FD84FE57FD7921A4" box="[573,704,479,506]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" unit="cm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.5" valueMin="4.5">4.5–7.5 cm</quantity>
, apex acuminate, base cordate, lobes not overlapping the petiole, margins slightly undulate, serrulate, ciliate, adaxial surface shiny green, being light green on the veins, puberulous to glabrescent, trichomes simple, abaxial surface vinaceous, with simple trichomes, hairs with a wide base, vinaceous to reddish at the base, apex translucent, squamulose on principal veins, scales flat fimbriate, reddish, ca.
<quantity id="04623DA8FFF8B364FA9CFDC4FADE2238" box="[1317,1383,588,614]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
wide, fimbriae ca.
<quantity id="04623DA8FFF8B364FEA2FDF8FED822D4" box="[283,353,624,650]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
, venation actinodromous, with 6–7 primary veins. Inflorescences 3–5-branched cymes, bearing up to 7 flowers, 10–15(–17.5) cm long (including the rachis), rachis
<quantity id="04623DA8FFF8B364FC22FD1BFBAA22F0" box="[923,1043,659,686]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.075" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.75" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" unit="cm" value="10.75" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="7.5">7.5–14 cm</quantity>
long (the same size when fruiting), with microscopic glandular trichomes, reddish. Bracts persistent, 1.5–2.5 × 0.4–0.7(–1.5) mm, triangular, apex acute to carinate, margins ciliate, greenish, membranaceous, puberulous to glabrescent. Staminate flower: pedicels
<quantity id="04623DA8FFF8B364FACAFD54FF0D2344" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="7.0">7–10 mm</quantity>
long, greenish to white, puberulous, trichomes simple, hairs reddish, tepals 4, external pair white, puncticulate, 9–12 ×
<quantity id="04623DA8FFF8B364FF5DFCACFEED2360" box="[228,340,804,830]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="8.0">8–13 mm</quantity>
, orbiculate to widely ovate, apex rounded, margins entire at the base, ciliated in the upper half, membranaceous, pilose, simple trichomes, hairs ca.
<quantity id="04623DA8FFF8B364FD6BFCC0FCAD233C" box="[722,788,840,866]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long, hyaline, except by being reddish at the base, internal pair white, 8–12 × (2–)
<quantity id="04623DA8FFF8B364FE28FCE3FDB123D8" box="[401,520,875,902]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" unit="mm" value="4.75" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="3.5">3.5–6 mm</quantity>
, narrowly elliptic, apex acute, margins entire, membranaceous, glabrous, stamens 18–26, free, filaments
<quantity id="04623DA8FFF8B364FE33FC07FDAB23F4" box="[394,530,911,938]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1.5 mm</quantity>
long, connective not projecting, obtuse, anthers
<quantity id="04623DA8FFF8B364FB87FC07FB0823F4" box="[1086,1201,911,938]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2 mm</quantity>
long, oblong, rimose, extrorse, yellow. Pistillate flower: pedicels
<quantity id="04623DA8FFF8B364FDD5FC3BFD6E2390" box="[620,727,947,974]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="5.0">5–12 mm</quantity>
long, pinkish, glabrous, bracteoles 2, persistent, pinkish, located alternately on the pedicel, ovate, 1–2 ×
<quantity id="04623DA8FFF8B364FDEDFC5FFD7323AC" box="[596,714,983,1010]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1 mm</quantity>
, apex acuminate, margins fimbriate, with microscopic glandular trichomes on dorsal surface, greenish; tepals 5, white, unequal, puncticulate, broadly ovate to obovate, 4 largest, 9–11 ×
<quantity id="04623DA8FFF8B364FF67FB97FE872464" box="[222,318,1055,1082]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.0">5–8 mm</quantity>
, broadly elliptic, smallest, 6–9 ×
<quantity id="04623DA8FFF8B364FD0EFB97FCAE2464" box="[695,791,1055,1082]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2–5 mm</quantity>
, elliptic, apex acute, margins entire, membranaceous, with simple and microscopic glandular trichomes on dorsal surface, hairs
<quantity id="04623DA8FFF8B364FC30FBCBFC422400" box="[905,1019,1091,1118]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1 mm</quantity>
long, hyaline, except by being reddish at the base, ovary 3-locular, 7–9 ×
<quantity id="04623DA8FFF8B364FDACFBE0FD3724DC" box="[533,654,1128,1154]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="11.0">11–12 mm</quantity>
(including wings), locular region 6–7 ×
<quantity id="04623DA8FFF8B364FBE4FBEFFB6B24DC" box="[1117,1234,1127,1154]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" unit="mm" value="2.75" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3 mm</quantity>
, ovate, light green, puberulous, with sparse microscopic glandular and simple trichomes, 3-winged, wings unequal, flat, reddish, with sparse microscopic glandular trichomes, sparsely puberulous at the margins, the largest wing
<quantity id="04623DA8FFF8B364FB1FFB27FABA2494" box="[1190,1283,1199,1226]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 mm</quantity>
wide, smallest wings
<quantity id="04623DA8FFF8B364FF68FB5CFE9524B0" box="[209,300,1236,1262]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
wide, placentae entire, stigmas 3,
<quantity id="04623DA8FFF8B364FD1FFB5BFC9524B0" box="[678,812,1235,1262]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3.5 mm</quantity>
long, bifurcate, branches spiraled, yellow. Capsule 13–15 ×
<quantity id="04623DA8FFF8B364FF1BFB70FEA7254C" box="[162,286,1272,1298]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" unit="mm" value="21.0" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="19.0">19–23 mm</quantity>
(including wings), depressed obovate, basally dehiscent, with microscopic glandular trichomes, light brown when mature, peduncles
<quantity id="04623DA8FFF8B364FE55FA94FDDD2568" box="[492,612,1308,1334]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" unit="mm" value="16.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="14.0">14–18 mm</quantity>
long, with glandular microscopic trichomes, brown, wings 3, unequal, flat, descendant at apex, the largest wing, 10–11 ×
<quantity id="04623DA8FFF8B364FD30FAC8FD632504" box="[649,730,1344,1370]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
, smallest wings 8–9 ×
<quantity id="04623DA8FFF8B364FC61FAC8FBA02504" box="[984,1049,1344,1370]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
wide, glabrous, locular region 8–10 ×
<quantity id="04623DA8FFF8B364FF26FAEBFEB52520" box="[159,268,1379,1406]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="6.0">6–10 mm</quantity>
, ovate to broadly ovate, brown, puberulous, seeds oblong.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8B80C3C6FFF8B364FF04FA00FEC725B7" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="C325904DFFF8B364FF04FA00FB3525FF" blockId="2.[136,1452,299,1982]" box="[189,1164,1415,1442]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFF8B364FF04FA00FEF125FC" bold="true" box="[189,328,1416,1442]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Etymology:</emphasis>
—The specific epithet honors Isadora Jacques, daughter of the first author.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C325904DFFF8B364FF04FA24FEC725B7" blockId="2.[136,1452,299,1982]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFF8B364FF04FA24FEFA2598" bold="true" box="[189,323,1452,1478]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Phenology:</emphasis>
—Flowering and fruiting November to March. Closing of the tepals of pistillate and staminate flowers was observed at dusk.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8B80C3C6FFF8B362FF04FA7BFF6A27BC" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="240" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="C325904DFFF8B364FF04FA7BFA1E27E0" blockId="2.[136,1452,299,1982]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFF8B364FF04FA7BFE482650" bold="true" box="[189,497,1523,1550]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Distribution and ecology:</emphasis>
—
<taxonomicName id="049AEBCEFFF8B364FDB4FA7CFD6C2653" box="[525,725,1523,1549]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="isadorae">
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFF8B364FDB4FA7CFD6C2653" box="[525,725,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Begonia isadorae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only known in
<collectingCountry id="BB8DD0DDFFF8B364FC10FA7BFC6C2653" box="[937,981,1523,1549]" name="Iceland" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Ilha</collectingCountry>
Grande, Angra dos Reis municipality, of the southern coast of the
<collectingRegion id="015E5EAFFFF8B364FE13F99FFD36266C" box="[426,655,1559,1586]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Rio de Janeiro state</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="BB8DD0DDFFF8B364FD25F99FFD5D266F" box="[668,740,1559,1585]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. The island´s ecosystem can be described as a combination of natural and secondary forests. Dense Atlantic Forest covers the center of the island (
<bibRefCitation id="A70BEDBCFFF8B364FBF1F9B3FAB12608" author="Alho, C. J. R. &amp; Schneider, M. &amp; Vasconcellos, L. A." box="[1096,1288,1595,1622]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" pagination="375 - 385" refId="ref5299" refString="Alho, C. J. R., Schneider, M. &amp; Vasconcellos, L. A. (2002) Degree of threat to the biological diversity in the Ilha Grande State Park (RJ) and guidelines for conservation. Brazilian Journal of Biology 62 (3): 375 - 385. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / s 1519 - 69842002000300001" type="journal article" year="2002">
Alho
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFF8B364FB33F9B4FB7D260B" box="[1162,1220,1595,1621]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">et al.</emphasis>
2002
</bibRefCitation>
), but there are also different vegetation formations, such as restingas, rocky slopes, mangroves, flooded and hillside forest (
<bibRefCitation id="A70BEDBCFFF8B364FA86F9D7FE9126C0" author="Araujo, D. S. D. &amp; Oliveira, R. R." pageId="2" pageNumber="238" pagination="83 - 94" refId="ref5441" refString="Araujo, D. S. D. &amp; Oliveira, R. R. (1988) Reserva Biologica da Praia do Sul (Ilha Grande, Estado do Rio de Janeiro): lista preliminar da Flora. Acta Botanica Brasilica 1 (2): 83 - 94. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0102 - 33061987000300009" type="journal article" year="1988">Araújo &amp; Oliveira 1988</bibRefCitation>
). The highest altitude places are Pico do Papagaio (
<quantity id="04623DA8FFF8B364FCC9F90BFC0526C0" box="[880,956,1667,1694]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.59" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" unit="m" value="959.0">959 m</quantity>
), Pico da Pedra d’Água (
<quantity id="04623DA8FFF8B364FB60F90CFA8926C0" box="[1241,1328,1668,1694]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.011" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" unit="m" value="1011.0">1011 m</quantity>
) and Serra do Retiro (
<quantity id="04623DA8FFF8B364FF46F920FEEC269C" box="[255,341,1704,1730]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.031" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" unit="m" value="1031.0">1031 m</quantity>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="A70BEDBCFFF8B364FED2F920FD81269C" author="Barros, A. A. M. &amp; Kurtz, B. C. &amp; Machado, D. N. S. &amp; Oliveira, R. R. &amp; Ribas, L. A. &amp; Pessoa, S. V. A." box="[363,568,1703,1730]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" refId="ref5506" refString="Barros, A. A. M., Kurtz, B. C., Machado, D. N. S., Oliveira, R. R., Ribas, L. A. &amp; Pessoa, S. V. A. (2022) Tree species composition in Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Biota Neotropica 22 (3): e 20221336. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 1676 - 0611 - bn- 2022 - 1336" type="journal volume" year="2022">
Barros
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFF8B364FE07F920FE56269F" box="[446,495,1703,1729]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">et al</emphasis>
. 2022
</bibRefCitation>
; Oliveira 2022).
<taxonomicName id="049AEBCEFFF8B364FD4AF920FC01269F" box="[755,952,1703,1729]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="isadorae">
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFF8B364FD4AF920FC01269F" box="[755,952,1703,1729]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Begonia isadorae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grows in submontane forests, on outcrops of bare rocks, in the middle of the forest (“matacão”), covered with a thick layer of moss, in shady and very humid places, at an altitude of 136 to 610 meters. Currently, after centuries of devastation, the most preserved part of
<collectingCountry id="BB8DD0DDFFF8B364FAB4F967FA802757" box="[1293,1337,1775,1801]" name="Iceland" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Ilha</collectingCountry>
Grande is in the central-south portion, due to the established conservation units, the same does not happen in the north-northeast part, where numerous constructions were built to meet the growing search for activities related to tourism (
<bibRefCitation id="A70BEDBCFFF8B364FAE6F8B0FF532728" author="Coe, H. H. G. &amp; Ramos, Y. B. M. &amp; Silva, A. L. C. &amp; Gomes, E. &amp; Sousa, L. O. F. &amp; Macario, K. D. &amp; Dias, R. R." pageId="2" pageNumber="238" pagination="456 - 476" refId="ref5785" refString="Coe, H. H. G., Ramos, Y. B. M., Silva, A. L. C., Gomes, E., Sousa, L. O. F., Macario, K. D. &amp; Dias, R. R. (2018) Paleovegetacao da Ilha Grande (Rio de Janeiro) no Holoceno atraves do estudo de fitolitos e isotopos do carbono. Revista Brasileira de Geografia Fisica 11 (2): 456 - 476. https: // doi. org / 10.26848 / rbgf. v 11.2. p 456 - 476" type="journal article" year="2018">
Coe
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFF8B364FA2EF8B0FF27272B" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">et al</emphasis>
. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="049AEBCEFFF8B364FF44F8D4FE7C272B" box="[253,453,1883,1909]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="isadorae">
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFF8B364FF44F8D4FE7C272B" box="[253,453,1883,1909]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Begonia isadorae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens available in herbaria coincide with the most preserved area of the island, the central-south portion, however, the lack of records in the others portions, especially on the west and south-southwest, is possibly the result of the low collection effort existing in this most remote and preserved part of the island (
<figureCitation id="5BA18CC8FFF8B364FAECF82BFA2027E0" box="[1365,1433,1955,1982]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[136,229,2028,2050]" captionTargetBox="[162,1415,225,1967]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[152,1435,190,2004]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Distribution map of Begonia isadorae E.L.Jacques (dark dots)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13216407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13216407/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="97E5C0C5FFF9B365FF31F829FB19287C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13216403" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13216403" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13216403/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" startId="3.[136,229,1953,1975]" targetBox="[162,1423,189,1925]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="C325904DFFF9B365FF31F829FB19287C" blockId="3.[136,1452,1953,2083]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFF9B365FF31F829FF4E27E8" bold="true" box="[136,247,1953,1975]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
. A–O.
<taxonomicName id="049AEBCEFFF9B365FE83F82AFD0227E9" authority="E. L. Jacques. A, Habit" authorityName="E. L. Jacques. A, Habit" box="[314,699,1953,1975]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="isadorae">
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFF9B365FE83F82AFE5D27E8" box="[314,484,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">Begonia isadorae</emphasis>
E.L.Jacques. A, Habit
</taxonomicName>
; B, Details of the internodes, showing the stipules; C, Petiole scales; D, Details of indumentum in abaxial leaf surface; E–G, Staminate flowers, different periods of anthesis; H, Stamen; I, Apex of the tepals of the pistillate flower, showing the indumentum; J–K, Pistillate flowers, different periods of anthesis; L, Stigmas; M, Bracteoles of pistillate flowers; N, Ovary, cross section; O, Capsule. Illustrations by Maria Alice Rezende from
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFF9B365FC62F785FB23287C" box="[987,1178,2061,2083]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">Wängler et al. 3235</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="97E5C0C5FFFEB362FF31F994FCBE26C3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13216405" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13216405" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13216405/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" startId="4.[136,229,1564,1586]" targetBox="[151,1434,240,1485]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="C325904DFFFEB362FF31F994FCBE26C3" blockId="4.[136,1452,1564,1694]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFFEB362FF31F994FF47266F" bold="true" box="[136,254,1564,1586]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
A–J.
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<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFFEB362FE8FF995FE59266F" box="[310,480,1564,1586]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Begonia isadorae</emphasis>
E.L.Jacques. A, Habitat
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; B, Petioles; C, Details of indumentum in adaxial leaf surface; D, Staminate flowers; E, Staminate flowers, showing the indumentum; F–H, Pistillate flowers, different periods of anthesis; I, Capsule. (A, I from
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFFEB362FF31F9ECFF552624" box="[136,236,1636,1658]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Gomes s.n</emphasis>
(RBR 00059915); B–H
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFFEB362FE61F9ECFD2E2627" box="[472,663,1636,1658]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Wängler et al. 3235</emphasis>
). (Scale bars: A= 35 cm; B= 3 cm; C= 1.5 cm; D–E= 10 mm; F= 8 mm, G= 3 cm, H, 10 mm; I= 10 mm) Photos A, I.L.O. Gomes; B–I, E.L. Jacques.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C325904DFFFEB362FF04F944FF6A27BC" blockId="4.[136,1452,1740,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFFEB362FF04F944FD2126B9" bold="true" box="[189,664,1740,1767]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Provisional conservation assessment:—</emphasis>
According to IUCN Red List criteria (
<bibRefCitation id="A70BEDBCFFFEB362FBE9F945FEF12755" author="IUCN Standards &amp; Petitions Committee" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" refId="ref6220" refString="IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2022) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 15. 1. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Available from: https: // www. iucnredlist. org / documents / RedListGuidelines. pdf (accessed 28 May 2024)" type="book" year="2022">IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2022</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="049AEBCEFFFEB362FEE4F979FD9D2754" box="[349,548,1776,1802]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="isadorae">
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFFEB362FEE4F979FD9D2754" box="[349,548,1776,1802]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Begonia isadorae</emphasis>
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is provisionally assessed as VU, due to its area of occupancy (AOO) being less than
<quantity id="04623DA8FFFEB362FF78F89DFEB0276F" box="[193,265,1813,1841]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
² and location number ≤ 5 (D2). Therefore, it is possible to with a plausible future threat that could take the taxon to CR or EX in a very short time, since it is found in an insular environment, with very small populations (less than 50 mature individuals) and is subject to various threats such as forest fires, invasive species, and a decline in habitat quality. The impacts of major threat factors on the
<taxonomicName id="049AEBCEFFFEB362FCA8F809FC2B27C4" box="[785,914,1920,1946]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="isadorae">
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFFEB362FCA8F809FC2B27C4" box="[785,914,1920,1946]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">B. isadorae</emphasis>
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seem to be related to the expansion of activities linked to tourism and nuclear power plants near the region, emphasizing the need for conservation actions on the island.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFFFB363FF04FF16FD8420E6" bold="true" box="[189,573,158,184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Additional specimens examined:</emphasis>
—
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:
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. Vieira &amp;
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3655 (
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C325904DFFFFB363FF04FE1CFBFC2201" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,2086]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFFFB363FF04FE1CFE3721F1" bold="true" box="[189,398,404,431]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Taxonomic notes:</emphasis>
—After field research carried out in
<collectingCountry id="BB8DD0DDFFFFB363FC99FE1DFCF521F1" box="[800,844,405,431]" name="Iceland" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Ilha</collectingCountry>
Grande by the first author, it was possible to recognize an undescribed species of
<taxonomicName id="049AEBCEFFFFB363FE0FFE31FDAA218C" authorityName="Linnaeus (1753:" authorityYear="1056" box="[438,531,441,466]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFFFB363FE0FFE31FDAA218C" box="[438,531,441,466]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Begonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphologically similar to
<taxonomicName id="049AEBCEFFFFB363FCEDFE31FAA1218D" authority="de Candolle (1859: 125)" authorityName="de Candolle" authorityPageNumber="125" authorityYear="1859" box="[852,1304,440,467]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubropilosa">
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFFFB363FCEDFE31FC41218C" box="[852,1016,440,466]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">B. rubropilosa</emphasis>
de
<bibRefCitation id="A70BEDBCFFFFB363FB9CFE30FAA1218D" author="Candolle, A." box="[1061,1304,440,467]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" pagination="93 - 149" refId="ref5646" refString="Candolle, A., de (1859) Memoire sur la famille du Begoniacees. Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique Ser. 4, 11: 93 - 149." type="journal article" year="1859">Candolle (1859: 125)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in the shape of its leaf blades and habit (See Supplementary
<figureCitation id="5BA18CC8FFFFB363FD0CFE53FCAC21AB" box="[693,789,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[162,1423,189,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-26@3.[162,1425,187,1925]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. A–O. Begonia isadorae E.L.Jacques.A, Habit; B, Details of the internodes, showing the stipules; C, Petiole scales; D, Details of indumentum in abaxial leaf surface; E–G, Staminate flowers, different periods of anthesis; H, Stamen; I, Apex of the tepals of the pistillate flower, showing the indumentum; J–K, Pistillate flowers, different periods of anthesis; L, Stigmas; M, Bracteoles of pistillate flowers; N, Ovary, cross section; O, Capsule. Illustrations by Maria Alice Rezende from Wängler et al. 3235." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13216403" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13216403/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Figure 1</figureCitation>
). Subsequently, we analyzed all herbarium collections of
<taxonomicName id="049AEBCEFFFFB363FF31FE77FF5C2246" authorityName="Linnaeus (1753:" authorityYear="1056" box="[136,229,511,536]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFFFB363FF31FE77FF5C2246" box="[136,229,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Begonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
available from
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Grande, it was observed that some samples had been mislabelled as
<taxonomicName id="049AEBCEFFFFB363FB68FE77FACD2246" authorityName="de Candolle" authorityYear="1859" box="[1233,1396,510,536]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubropilosa">
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFFFB363FB68FE77FACD2246" box="[1233,1396,510,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">B. rubropilosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and determined they belonged to the undescribed species.
<taxonomicName id="049AEBCEFFFFB363FD5FFDAAFC152265" box="[742,940,545,571]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="isadorae">
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFFFB363FD5FFDAAFC152265" box="[742,940,545,571]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Begonia isadorae</emphasis>
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is provisionally included the
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFFFB363FB40FDAAFAA82265" box="[1273,1297,546,571]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">B.</emphasis>
sect
<taxonomicName id="049AEBCEFFFFB363FAF2FDA9FE182201" authority="(Klotzsch) A. DC. (1859)" authorityName="A. DC." authorityYear="1859" baseAuthorityName="Klotzsch" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Pritzelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFFFB363FAF2FDA9FA122265" box="[1355,1451,545,571]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Pritzelia</emphasis>
(Klotzsch) A.DC. (1859)
</taxonomicName>
, which includes all rhizomatous species in Southeast
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8B80C3C6FFFFB36FFF31FDE1FF4D217A" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="245" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" type="description">
<paragraph id="C325904DFFFFB363FF31FDE1FEBF2326" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,2086]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
<taxonomicName id="049AEBCEFFFFB363FF31FDE1FEE922DC" box="[136,336,616,642]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="isadorae">
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFFFB363FF31FDE1FEE922DC" box="[136,336,616,642]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Begonia isadorae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be easily recognized by its transversely ovate leaf blades, squamulose petioles, staminate and pistillate tepals with red pigmented dots (i.e. puncticulate).
<taxonomicName id="049AEBCEFFFFB363FC91FD04FC5622FB" box="[808,1007,651,677]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="isadorae">
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFFFB363FC91FD04FC5622FB" box="[808,1007,651,677]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Begonia isadorae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles
<taxonomicName id="049AEBCEFFFFB363FBD7FD04FAA822FB" authorityName="de Candolle" authorityYear="1859" box="[1134,1297,651,677]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubropilosa">
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFFFB363FBD7FD04FAA822FB" box="[1134,1297,651,677]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">B. rubropilosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but differs in its puberulous to glabrescent adaxial leaf blades with simple trichomes (
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFFFB363FC0EFD27FC6F2296" box="[951,982,687,712]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">vs.</emphasis>
scabrous, with simple trichomes sparsely distributed and scales on the principal veins); puberulous staminate and pistillate tepals, with simple hyaline, reddish at the base and microscopic glandular trichomes on dorsal surface (
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFFFB363FC3AFD7DFC232350" box="[899,922,757,782]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">vs</emphasis>
. squamulose, vinaceous scales); its ovary with entire placentae (
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFFFB363FEF2FC91FEDB236C" box="[331,354,793,818]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">vs</emphasis>
. bilamellated); its capsule with glandular microscopic trichomes and a puberulous locular region (
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFFFB363FF28FCB4FF11230B" box="[145,168,828,853]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">vs</emphasis>
. squamulose, scales vinaceous, mainly in locular regions), its fruits elliptic wings with a descendant apex (
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFFFB363FA34FCB4FA1D230B" box="[1421,1444,828,853]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">vs</emphasis>
. triangular).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C325904DFFFFB363FF04FC09FEAF2666" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,2086]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFFFB363FF04FC09FE3023C2" bold="true" box="[189,393,897,924]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Leaf anatomy:—</emphasis>
The leaf blade of
<taxonomicName id="049AEBCEFFFFB363FDE8FC0AFCA123C5" box="[593,792,897,923]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="isadorae">
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFFFB363FDE8FC0AFCA123C5" box="[593,792,897,923]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Begonia isadorae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="5BA18CC8FFFFB363FC9EFC09FC1B23C2" box="[807,930,897,924]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[288,1299,190,1650]" captionTargetId="figure-26@7.[288,1299,190,1650]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Leaf blade anatomy of Begonia isadorae (Begoniaceae). A. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the adaxial surface showing common cells and glandular trichomes (Gt). Inset shows cross section of glandular trichome occurring sunken on the epidermis. B. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the abaxial surface showing glandular trichomes (Gt) and stomata (St) in groups of two or three. C. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the midrib region showing lines of druses (Dr), emergences forming simple trichomes (Tr) and glandular trichomes (Gt). Inset shows detail of simple trichome. D. Cross section showing unistratified epidermis (Ep) on both sides with emergences forming simple trichomes (Tr), wide layer of hypodermis on both sides, and thin chlorophyll parenchyma (Cp). E. Midrib showing unistratified epidermis (Ep), wide hypodermis (Hp), collenchyma (Co), a continuous layer of chlorophyll parenchyma, formed by spongy (Sp) and palisade (Pp) parenchyma, and two collateral vascular bundles facing each other immerse in a fundamental parenchyma (Fp) with druses (Dr). Fi: fibers, Ph: phloem, Xy: xylem. F. Detail showing the leaf blade with wide hypodermis (Hp), tiny palisade parenchyma (Pp) and spongy parenchyma (Sp) with idioblast (Id). G. Detail of idioblast (Id) submitted to Sudan III test, showing suberized cell walls. H. Emergence forming a simple trichome with tapered apex. Scale bars: A, B, C, H = 50 µm; D = 200 µm; E, F, G = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13216409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13216409/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Fig. 4A–H</figureCitation>
) in frontal view presents an adaxial epidermis composed of fundamental cells with a hexagonal shape of different sizes, with simple and glandular trichomes (
<figureCitation id="5BA18CC8FFFFB363FAC7FC2DFF7423BC" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[288,1299,190,1650]" captionTargetId="figure-26@7.[288,1299,190,1650]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Leaf blade anatomy of Begonia isadorae (Begoniaceae). A. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the adaxial surface showing common cells and glandular trichomes (Gt). Inset shows cross section of glandular trichome occurring sunken on the epidermis. B. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the abaxial surface showing glandular trichomes (Gt) and stomata (St) in groups of two or three. C. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the midrib region showing lines of druses (Dr), emergences forming simple trichomes (Tr) and glandular trichomes (Gt). Inset shows detail of simple trichome. D. Cross section showing unistratified epidermis (Ep) on both sides with emergences forming simple trichomes (Tr), wide layer of hypodermis on both sides, and thin chlorophyll parenchyma (Cp). E. Midrib showing unistratified epidermis (Ep), wide hypodermis (Hp), collenchyma (Co), a continuous layer of chlorophyll parenchyma, formed by spongy (Sp) and palisade (Pp) parenchyma, and two collateral vascular bundles facing each other immerse in a fundamental parenchyma (Fp) with druses (Dr). Fi: fibers, Ph: phloem, Xy: xylem. F. Detail showing the leaf blade with wide hypodermis (Hp), tiny palisade parenchyma (Pp) and spongy parenchyma (Sp) with idioblast (Id). G. Detail of idioblast (Id) submitted to Sudan III test, showing suberized cell walls. H. Emergence forming a simple trichome with tapered apex. Scale bars: A, B, C, H = 50 µm; D = 200 µm; E, F, G = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13216409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13216409/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Fig. 4A, C</figureCitation>
), which can be isolated or grouped in two (
<figureCitation id="5BA18CC8FFFFB363FD16FC40FCBD23BC" box="[687,772,968,994]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[288,1299,190,1650]" captionTargetId="figure-26@7.[288,1299,190,1650]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Leaf blade anatomy of Begonia isadorae (Begoniaceae). A. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the adaxial surface showing common cells and glandular trichomes (Gt). Inset shows cross section of glandular trichome occurring sunken on the epidermis. B. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the abaxial surface showing glandular trichomes (Gt) and stomata (St) in groups of two or three. C. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the midrib region showing lines of druses (Dr), emergences forming simple trichomes (Tr) and glandular trichomes (Gt). Inset shows detail of simple trichome. D. Cross section showing unistratified epidermis (Ep) on both sides with emergences forming simple trichomes (Tr), wide layer of hypodermis on both sides, and thin chlorophyll parenchyma (Cp). E. Midrib showing unistratified epidermis (Ep), wide hypodermis (Hp), collenchyma (Co), a continuous layer of chlorophyll parenchyma, formed by spongy (Sp) and palisade (Pp) parenchyma, and two collateral vascular bundles facing each other immerse in a fundamental parenchyma (Fp) with druses (Dr). Fi: fibers, Ph: phloem, Xy: xylem. F. Detail showing the leaf blade with wide hypodermis (Hp), tiny palisade parenchyma (Pp) and spongy parenchyma (Sp) with idioblast (Id). G. Detail of idioblast (Id) submitted to Sudan III test, showing suberized cell walls. H. Emergence forming a simple trichome with tapered apex. Scale bars: A, B, C, H = 50 µm; D = 200 µm; E, F, G = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13216409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13216409/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
and inset); on the abaxial side, the epidermis is composed of fundamental cells with a hexagonal shape of varying sizes, anisocytic-type stomata, secretory simples and glandular trichomes (
<figureCitation id="5BA18CC8FFFFB363FEBFFB86FEE62476" box="[262,351,1038,1064]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[288,1299,190,1650]" captionTargetId="figure-26@7.[288,1299,190,1650]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Leaf blade anatomy of Begonia isadorae (Begoniaceae). A. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the adaxial surface showing common cells and glandular trichomes (Gt). Inset shows cross section of glandular trichome occurring sunken on the epidermis. B. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the abaxial surface showing glandular trichomes (Gt) and stomata (St) in groups of two or three. C. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the midrib region showing lines of druses (Dr), emergences forming simple trichomes (Tr) and glandular trichomes (Gt). Inset shows detail of simple trichome. D. Cross section showing unistratified epidermis (Ep) on both sides with emergences forming simple trichomes (Tr), wide layer of hypodermis on both sides, and thin chlorophyll parenchyma (Cp). E. Midrib showing unistratified epidermis (Ep), wide hypodermis (Hp), collenchyma (Co), a continuous layer of chlorophyll parenchyma, formed by spongy (Sp) and palisade (Pp) parenchyma, and two collateral vascular bundles facing each other immerse in a fundamental parenchyma (Fp) with druses (Dr). Fi: fibers, Ph: phloem, Xy: xylem. F. Detail showing the leaf blade with wide hypodermis (Hp), tiny palisade parenchyma (Pp) and spongy parenchyma (Sp) with idioblast (Id). G. Detail of idioblast (Id) submitted to Sudan III test, showing suberized cell walls. H. Emergence forming a simple trichome with tapered apex. Scale bars: A, B, C, H = 50 µm; D = 200 µm; E, F, G = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13216409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13216409/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
), which can be located at the same level as the other epidermal cells or sunken. Simple trichomes present in
<taxonomicName id="049AEBCEFFFFB363FF45FBBAFE7B2415" box="[252,450,1073,1099]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="isadorae">
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFFFB363FF45FBBAFE7B2415" box="[252,450,1073,1099]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Begonia isadorae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be emergences, as they form a multicellular structure with a tapered apex, and with cells apparently originating from the fundamental meristem composing its basal region (
<figureCitation id="5BA18CC8FFFFB363FBFCFBDDFB212431" box="[1093,1176,1109,1135]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[288,1299,190,1650]" captionTargetId="figure-26@7.[288,1299,190,1650]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Leaf blade anatomy of Begonia isadorae (Begoniaceae). A. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the adaxial surface showing common cells and glandular trichomes (Gt). Inset shows cross section of glandular trichome occurring sunken on the epidermis. B. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the abaxial surface showing glandular trichomes (Gt) and stomata (St) in groups of two or three. C. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the midrib region showing lines of druses (Dr), emergences forming simple trichomes (Tr) and glandular trichomes (Gt). Inset shows detail of simple trichome. D. Cross section showing unistratified epidermis (Ep) on both sides with emergences forming simple trichomes (Tr), wide layer of hypodermis on both sides, and thin chlorophyll parenchyma (Cp). E. Midrib showing unistratified epidermis (Ep), wide hypodermis (Hp), collenchyma (Co), a continuous layer of chlorophyll parenchyma, formed by spongy (Sp) and palisade (Pp) parenchyma, and two collateral vascular bundles facing each other immerse in a fundamental parenchyma (Fp) with druses (Dr). Fi: fibers, Ph: phloem, Xy: xylem. F. Detail showing the leaf blade with wide hypodermis (Hp), tiny palisade parenchyma (Pp) and spongy parenchyma (Sp) with idioblast (Id). G. Detail of idioblast (Id) submitted to Sudan III test, showing suberized cell walls. H. Emergence forming a simple trichome with tapered apex. Scale bars: A, B, C, H = 50 µm; D = 200 µm; E, F, G = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13216409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13216409/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
Inset, H).The distinction between trichomes and emergences is unclear, however, trichomes are formed only by epidermal protuberances, while emergences are formed from both epidermal and subepidermal cells (Evert 2006). In taxonomic studies, it is possible, that in many morphological descriptions of
<taxonomicName id="049AEBCEFFFFB363FDDEFB37FCA42486" box="[615,797,1214,1240]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFFFB363FDDEFB37FD7D2486" box="[615,708,1215,1240]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Begonia</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, the emergences have been erroneously described as simple trichomes (
<bibRefCitation id="A70BEDBCFFFFB363FEBDFB69FE0324A2" author="McLellan, T." box="[260,442,1249,1276]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" pagination="1616 - 1623" refId="ref6616" refString="McLellan, T. (2005) Correlated Evolution of Leaf Shape and Trichomes in Begonia dregei (Begoniaceae). American Journal of Botany 92 (10): 1616 - 1623. https: // doi. org / 10.3732 / ajb. 92.10.1616" type="journal article" year="2005">McLellan, 2005</bibRefCitation>
; Peng
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFFFB363FDBBFB6AFD8B24A5" box="[514,562,1249,1275]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">et al</emphasis>
., 2008;
<bibRefCitation id="A70BEDBCFFFFB363FD32FB69FCE524A2" author="Hughes, M. &amp; Rubite, R. R. &amp; Kono, Y. &amp; Peng, C." box="[651,860,1249,1276]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" pagination="203 - 209" refId="ref6101" refString="Hughes, M., Rubite, R. R., Kono, Y. &amp; Peng, C. - I (2011) Begonia blancii (sect. Diploclinium, Begoniaceae), a new species endemic to the Philippine Island of Palawan. Botanical Studies 52: 203 - 209." type="journal article" year="2011">
Hughes
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFFFB363FD5FFB6AFCAC24A5" box="[742,789,1249,1275]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">et al</emphasis>
. 2011
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="A70BEDBCFFFFB363FCDFFB6AFBA924A2" author="Karpova, E. A. &amp; Krasnikov, A. A. &amp; Fershalova, T. D. &amp; Baikova, E. V. &amp; Petruk, A. A. &amp; Yakimova, Y. L. &amp; Vector, B." box="[870,1040,1250,1276]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" pagination="51 - 61" refId="ref6488" refString="Karpova, E. A., Krasnikov, A. A., Fershalova, T. D., Baikova, E. V., Petruk, A. A., Yakimova, Y. L. &amp; Vector, B. (2019) Phenolic compounds and antimicrobial properties of Begonia grandis Dryand. subsp. grandis leaves. Botanica Pacifica 1: 51 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.17581 / bp. 2019.08202" type="journal article" year="2019">Karpova, 2019</bibRefCitation>
). Ontogeny studies may be necessary to understand the origin of the cell outgrowth (Evert 2006), especially in
<taxonomicName id="049AEBCEFFFFB363FC0CFA8DFBFD2541" box="[949,1092,1285,1311]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Begoniaceae</taxonomicName>
trichomes. Improving ontogeny studies in
<taxonomicName id="049AEBCEFFFFB363FF46FAA0FE37251C" box="[255,398,1320,1346]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Begoniaceae</taxonomicName>
will possibly elucidate this question of morphology as to whether the simple trichomes on
<taxonomicName id="049AEBCEFFFFB363FF31FAC4FEF6253B" box="[136,335,1355,1381]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="isadorae">
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFFFB363FF31FAC4FEF6253B" box="[136,335,1355,1381]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Begonia isadorae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are in fact emergences or not. Until more in-depth studies bringing together a larger set of species can be carried out, we chose here to maintain the term simple trichomes, in order to keep anatomical comparability, even though this structure may, in fact, be emergences. Glandular trichomes have a unicellular base with a short stalk and a multicellular biseriate secretory head (
<figureCitation id="5BA18CC8FFFFB363FD30FA3DFD582591" box="[649,737,1461,1487]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[288,1299,190,1650]" captionTargetId="figure-26@7.[288,1299,190,1650]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Leaf blade anatomy of Begonia isadorae (Begoniaceae). A. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the adaxial surface showing common cells and glandular trichomes (Gt). Inset shows cross section of glandular trichome occurring sunken on the epidermis. B. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the abaxial surface showing glandular trichomes (Gt) and stomata (St) in groups of two or three. C. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the midrib region showing lines of druses (Dr), emergences forming simple trichomes (Tr) and glandular trichomes (Gt). Inset shows detail of simple trichome. D. Cross section showing unistratified epidermis (Ep) on both sides with emergences forming simple trichomes (Tr), wide layer of hypodermis on both sides, and thin chlorophyll parenchyma (Cp). E. Midrib showing unistratified epidermis (Ep), wide hypodermis (Hp), collenchyma (Co), a continuous layer of chlorophyll parenchyma, formed by spongy (Sp) and palisade (Pp) parenchyma, and two collateral vascular bundles facing each other immerse in a fundamental parenchyma (Fp) with druses (Dr). Fi: fibers, Ph: phloem, Xy: xylem. F. Detail showing the leaf blade with wide hypodermis (Hp), tiny palisade parenchyma (Pp) and spongy parenchyma (Sp) with idioblast (Id). G. Detail of idioblast (Id) submitted to Sudan III test, showing suberized cell walls. H. Emergence forming a simple trichome with tapered apex. Scale bars: A, B, C, H = 50 µm; D = 200 µm; E, F, G = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13216409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13216409/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
and Inset). Anisocytic-type stomata occurs grouped in two or three, most commonly in three (
<figureCitation id="5BA18CC8FFFFB363FE4AFA50FDF525AC" box="[499,588,1496,1522]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[288,1299,190,1650]" captionTargetId="figure-26@7.[288,1299,190,1650]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Leaf blade anatomy of Begonia isadorae (Begoniaceae). A. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the adaxial surface showing common cells and glandular trichomes (Gt). Inset shows cross section of glandular trichome occurring sunken on the epidermis. B. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the abaxial surface showing glandular trichomes (Gt) and stomata (St) in groups of two or three. C. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the midrib region showing lines of druses (Dr), emergences forming simple trichomes (Tr) and glandular trichomes (Gt). Inset shows detail of simple trichome. D. Cross section showing unistratified epidermis (Ep) on both sides with emergences forming simple trichomes (Tr), wide layer of hypodermis on both sides, and thin chlorophyll parenchyma (Cp). E. Midrib showing unistratified epidermis (Ep), wide hypodermis (Hp), collenchyma (Co), a continuous layer of chlorophyll parenchyma, formed by spongy (Sp) and palisade (Pp) parenchyma, and two collateral vascular bundles facing each other immerse in a fundamental parenchyma (Fp) with druses (Dr). Fi: fibers, Ph: phloem, Xy: xylem. F. Detail showing the leaf blade with wide hypodermis (Hp), tiny palisade parenchyma (Pp) and spongy parenchyma (Sp) with idioblast (Id). G. Detail of idioblast (Id) submitted to Sudan III test, showing suberized cell walls. H. Emergence forming a simple trichome with tapered apex. Scale bars: A, B, C, H = 50 µm; D = 200 µm; E, F, G = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13216409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13216409/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
). Calcium oxalate drusen are lined up along the veins, and simple trichomes are found in greater quantities (
<figureCitation id="5BA18CC8FFFFB363FE58FA73FD80264B" box="[481,569,1531,1557]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[288,1299,190,1650]" captionTargetId="figure-26@7.[288,1299,190,1650]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Leaf blade anatomy of Begonia isadorae (Begoniaceae). A. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the adaxial surface showing common cells and glandular trichomes (Gt). Inset shows cross section of glandular trichome occurring sunken on the epidermis. B. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the abaxial surface showing glandular trichomes (Gt) and stomata (St) in groups of two or three. C. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the midrib region showing lines of druses (Dr), emergences forming simple trichomes (Tr) and glandular trichomes (Gt). Inset shows detail of simple trichome. D. Cross section showing unistratified epidermis (Ep) on both sides with emergences forming simple trichomes (Tr), wide layer of hypodermis on both sides, and thin chlorophyll parenchyma (Cp). E. Midrib showing unistratified epidermis (Ep), wide hypodermis (Hp), collenchyma (Co), a continuous layer of chlorophyll parenchyma, formed by spongy (Sp) and palisade (Pp) parenchyma, and two collateral vascular bundles facing each other immerse in a fundamental parenchyma (Fp) with druses (Dr). Fi: fibers, Ph: phloem, Xy: xylem. F. Detail showing the leaf blade with wide hypodermis (Hp), tiny palisade parenchyma (Pp) and spongy parenchyma (Sp) with idioblast (Id). G. Detail of idioblast (Id) submitted to Sudan III test, showing suberized cell walls. H. Emergence forming a simple trichome with tapered apex. Scale bars: A, B, C, H = 50 µm; D = 200 µm; E, F, G = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13216409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13216409/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
). In the cross section, the epidermal fundamental cells are small and rectangular (
<figureCitation id="5BA18CC8FFFFB363FF29F996FEB32666" box="[144,266,1566,1592]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[288,1299,190,1650]" captionTargetId="figure-26@7.[288,1299,190,1650]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Leaf blade anatomy of Begonia isadorae (Begoniaceae). A. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the adaxial surface showing common cells and glandular trichomes (Gt). Inset shows cross section of glandular trichome occurring sunken on the epidermis. B. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the abaxial surface showing glandular trichomes (Gt) and stomata (St) in groups of two or three. C. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the midrib region showing lines of druses (Dr), emergences forming simple trichomes (Tr) and glandular trichomes (Gt). Inset shows detail of simple trichome. D. Cross section showing unistratified epidermis (Ep) on both sides with emergences forming simple trichomes (Tr), wide layer of hypodermis on both sides, and thin chlorophyll parenchyma (Cp). E. Midrib showing unistratified epidermis (Ep), wide hypodermis (Hp), collenchyma (Co), a continuous layer of chlorophyll parenchyma, formed by spongy (Sp) and palisade (Pp) parenchyma, and two collateral vascular bundles facing each other immerse in a fundamental parenchyma (Fp) with druses (Dr). Fi: fibers, Ph: phloem, Xy: xylem. F. Detail showing the leaf blade with wide hypodermis (Hp), tiny palisade parenchyma (Pp) and spongy parenchyma (Sp) with idioblast (Id). G. Detail of idioblast (Id) submitted to Sudan III test, showing suberized cell walls. H. Emergence forming a simple trichome with tapered apex. Scale bars: A, B, C, H = 50 µm; D = 200 µm; E, F, G = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13216409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13216409/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Fig. 4D, E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C325904DFFFFB363FF04F9C9FE0C2771" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,2086]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
The mesophyll is dorsiventral (
<figureCitation id="5BA18CC8FFFFB363FD90F9C9FD1C2602" box="[553,677,1601,1628]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[288,1299,190,1650]" captionTargetId="figure-26@7.[288,1299,190,1650]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Leaf blade anatomy of Begonia isadorae (Begoniaceae). A. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the adaxial surface showing common cells and glandular trichomes (Gt). Inset shows cross section of glandular trichome occurring sunken on the epidermis. B. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the abaxial surface showing glandular trichomes (Gt) and stomata (St) in groups of two or three. C. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the midrib region showing lines of druses (Dr), emergences forming simple trichomes (Tr) and glandular trichomes (Gt). Inset shows detail of simple trichome. D. Cross section showing unistratified epidermis (Ep) on both sides with emergences forming simple trichomes (Tr), wide layer of hypodermis on both sides, and thin chlorophyll parenchyma (Cp). E. Midrib showing unistratified epidermis (Ep), wide hypodermis (Hp), collenchyma (Co), a continuous layer of chlorophyll parenchyma, formed by spongy (Sp) and palisade (Pp) parenchyma, and two collateral vascular bundles facing each other immerse in a fundamental parenchyma (Fp) with druses (Dr). Fi: fibers, Ph: phloem, Xy: xylem. F. Detail showing the leaf blade with wide hypodermis (Hp), tiny palisade parenchyma (Pp) and spongy parenchyma (Sp) with idioblast (Id). G. Detail of idioblast (Id) submitted to Sudan III test, showing suberized cell walls. H. Emergence forming a simple trichome with tapered apex. Scale bars: A, B, C, H = 50 µm; D = 200 µm; E, F, G = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13216409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13216409/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Fig. 4D–F</figureCitation>
). Two to three layers of hypertrophied subepidermal cells form an aquiferous hypodermis on both sides (
<figureCitation id="5BA18CC8FFFFB363FDF9F9EDFD042621" box="[576,701,1637,1663]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[288,1299,190,1650]" captionTargetId="figure-26@7.[288,1299,190,1650]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Leaf blade anatomy of Begonia isadorae (Begoniaceae). A. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the adaxial surface showing common cells and glandular trichomes (Gt). Inset shows cross section of glandular trichome occurring sunken on the epidermis. B. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the abaxial surface showing glandular trichomes (Gt) and stomata (St) in groups of two or three. C. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the midrib region showing lines of druses (Dr), emergences forming simple trichomes (Tr) and glandular trichomes (Gt). Inset shows detail of simple trichome. D. Cross section showing unistratified epidermis (Ep) on both sides with emergences forming simple trichomes (Tr), wide layer of hypodermis on both sides, and thin chlorophyll parenchyma (Cp). E. Midrib showing unistratified epidermis (Ep), wide hypodermis (Hp), collenchyma (Co), a continuous layer of chlorophyll parenchyma, formed by spongy (Sp) and palisade (Pp) parenchyma, and two collateral vascular bundles facing each other immerse in a fundamental parenchyma (Fp) with druses (Dr). Fi: fibers, Ph: phloem, Xy: xylem. F. Detail showing the leaf blade with wide hypodermis (Hp), tiny palisade parenchyma (Pp) and spongy parenchyma (Sp) with idioblast (Id). G. Detail of idioblast (Id) submitted to Sudan III test, showing suberized cell walls. H. Emergence forming a simple trichome with tapered apex. Scale bars: A, B, C, H = 50 µm; D = 200 µm; E, F, G = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13216409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13216409/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Fig. 4D, F</figureCitation>
). Subsequently, the presence of reduced-sized chlorophyll tissues is observed. Facing the adaxial surface there is a layer of palisade parenchyma with slightly elongated and narrow cells; and facing the abaxial face there are three layers of spongy parenchyma with lobed cells and containing a large amount of starch grains (
<figureCitation id="5BA18CC8FFFFB363FE15F946FDBC26B6" box="[428,517,1742,1768]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[288,1299,190,1650]" captionTargetId="figure-26@7.[288,1299,190,1650]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Leaf blade anatomy of Begonia isadorae (Begoniaceae). A. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the adaxial surface showing common cells and glandular trichomes (Gt). Inset shows cross section of glandular trichome occurring sunken on the epidermis. B. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the abaxial surface showing glandular trichomes (Gt) and stomata (St) in groups of two or three. C. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the midrib region showing lines of druses (Dr), emergences forming simple trichomes (Tr) and glandular trichomes (Gt). Inset shows detail of simple trichome. D. Cross section showing unistratified epidermis (Ep) on both sides with emergences forming simple trichomes (Tr), wide layer of hypodermis on both sides, and thin chlorophyll parenchyma (Cp). E. Midrib showing unistratified epidermis (Ep), wide hypodermis (Hp), collenchyma (Co), a continuous layer of chlorophyll parenchyma, formed by spongy (Sp) and palisade (Pp) parenchyma, and two collateral vascular bundles facing each other immerse in a fundamental parenchyma (Fp) with druses (Dr). Fi: fibers, Ph: phloem, Xy: xylem. F. Detail showing the leaf blade with wide hypodermis (Hp), tiny palisade parenchyma (Pp) and spongy parenchyma (Sp) with idioblast (Id). G. Detail of idioblast (Id) submitted to Sudan III test, showing suberized cell walls. H. Emergence forming a simple trichome with tapered apex. Scale bars: A, B, C, H = 50 µm; D = 200 µm; E, F, G = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13216409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13216409/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
). Large-rounded idioblasts are found among the chlorophyll tissues (
<figureCitation id="5BA18CC8FFFFB363FA9DF946FA1926B6" box="[1316,1440,1742,1768]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[288,1299,190,1650]" captionTargetId="figure-26@7.[288,1299,190,1650]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Leaf blade anatomy of Begonia isadorae (Begoniaceae). A. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the adaxial surface showing common cells and glandular trichomes (Gt). Inset shows cross section of glandular trichome occurring sunken on the epidermis. B. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the abaxial surface showing glandular trichomes (Gt) and stomata (St) in groups of two or three. C. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the midrib region showing lines of druses (Dr), emergences forming simple trichomes (Tr) and glandular trichomes (Gt). Inset shows detail of simple trichome. D. Cross section showing unistratified epidermis (Ep) on both sides with emergences forming simple trichomes (Tr), wide layer of hypodermis on both sides, and thin chlorophyll parenchyma (Cp). E. Midrib showing unistratified epidermis (Ep), wide hypodermis (Hp), collenchyma (Co), a continuous layer of chlorophyll parenchyma, formed by spongy (Sp) and palisade (Pp) parenchyma, and two collateral vascular bundles facing each other immerse in a fundamental parenchyma (Fp) with druses (Dr). Fi: fibers, Ph: phloem, Xy: xylem. F. Detail showing the leaf blade with wide hypodermis (Hp), tiny palisade parenchyma (Pp) and spongy parenchyma (Sp) with idioblast (Id). G. Detail of idioblast (Id) submitted to Sudan III test, showing suberized cell walls. H. Emergence forming a simple trichome with tapered apex. Scale bars: A, B, C, H = 50 µm; D = 200 µm; E, F, G = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13216409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13216409/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Fig. 4D–F</figureCitation>
). Histochemical tests indicated that the cell wall of the idioblasts is suberized (
<figureCitation id="5BA18CC8FFFFB363FBACF979FBCB2752" box="[1045,1138,1777,1804]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[288,1299,190,1650]" captionTargetId="figure-26@7.[288,1299,190,1650]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Leaf blade anatomy of Begonia isadorae (Begoniaceae). A. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the adaxial surface showing common cells and glandular trichomes (Gt). Inset shows cross section of glandular trichome occurring sunken on the epidermis. B. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the abaxial surface showing glandular trichomes (Gt) and stomata (St) in groups of two or three. C. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the midrib region showing lines of druses (Dr), emergences forming simple trichomes (Tr) and glandular trichomes (Gt). Inset shows detail of simple trichome. D. Cross section showing unistratified epidermis (Ep) on both sides with emergences forming simple trichomes (Tr), wide layer of hypodermis on both sides, and thin chlorophyll parenchyma (Cp). E. Midrib showing unistratified epidermis (Ep), wide hypodermis (Hp), collenchyma (Co), a continuous layer of chlorophyll parenchyma, formed by spongy (Sp) and palisade (Pp) parenchyma, and two collateral vascular bundles facing each other immerse in a fundamental parenchyma (Fp) with druses (Dr). Fi: fibers, Ph: phloem, Xy: xylem. F. Detail showing the leaf blade with wide hypodermis (Hp), tiny palisade parenchyma (Pp) and spongy parenchyma (Sp) with idioblast (Id). G. Detail of idioblast (Id) submitted to Sudan III test, showing suberized cell walls. H. Emergence forming a simple trichome with tapered apex. Scale bars: A, B, C, H = 50 µm; D = 200 µm; E, F, G = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13216409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13216409/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
), and its contents are noncellulosic polysaccharides.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C325904DFFFFB363FF04F8B0FACB2878" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,2086]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
In the region of the first order vein, the epidermis of the adaxial face is uniseriate, formed by flattened cells with rounded edges. Below that there is a layer of large, rounded subepidermal cells, forming the aquiferous hypodermis. Subsequently, there are three to four layers of angular collenchyma, followed by a narrow layer of palisade parenchyma. More internally, there are two collateral closed vascular bundles immersed in the fundamental parenchyma. Fibers with thick cell walls are observed above the phloem of the bundle facing the adaxial face. Next, five to six layers of fundamental parenchyma are visualized with rounded cells containing many drusen. Finally, three to four layers of angular collenchyma and uniseriate epidermis with rounded cells are visualized on the abaxial surface (
<figureCitation id="5BA18CC8FFFFB363FAB7F784FADF2878" box="[1294,1382,2060,2086]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[288,1299,190,1650]" captionTargetId="figure-26@7.[288,1299,190,1650]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Leaf blade anatomy of Begonia isadorae (Begoniaceae). A. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the adaxial surface showing common cells and glandular trichomes (Gt). Inset shows cross section of glandular trichome occurring sunken on the epidermis. B. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the abaxial surface showing glandular trichomes (Gt) and stomata (St) in groups of two or three. C. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the midrib region showing lines of druses (Dr), emergences forming simple trichomes (Tr) and glandular trichomes (Gt). Inset shows detail of simple trichome. D. Cross section showing unistratified epidermis (Ep) on both sides with emergences forming simple trichomes (Tr), wide layer of hypodermis on both sides, and thin chlorophyll parenchyma (Cp). E. Midrib showing unistratified epidermis (Ep), wide hypodermis (Hp), collenchyma (Co), a continuous layer of chlorophyll parenchyma, formed by spongy (Sp) and palisade (Pp) parenchyma, and two collateral vascular bundles facing each other immerse in a fundamental parenchyma (Fp) with druses (Dr). Fi: fibers, Ph: phloem, Xy: xylem. F. Detail showing the leaf blade with wide hypodermis (Hp), tiny palisade parenchyma (Pp) and spongy parenchyma (Sp) with idioblast (Id). G. Detail of idioblast (Id) submitted to Sudan III test, showing suberized cell walls. H. Emergence forming a simple trichome with tapered apex. Scale bars: A, B, C, H = 50 µm; D = 200 µm; E, F, G = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13216409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13216409/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="97E5C0C5FFFCB360FF31F864FCD9285C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13216407" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13216407" box="[136,864,2028,2050]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13216407/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="242" startId="6.[136,229,2028,2050]" targetBox="[162,1415,225,1967]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="C325904DFFFCB360FF31F864FCD9285C" blockId="6.[136,864,2028,2050]" box="[136,864,2028,2050]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFFCB360FF31F864FF47285F" bold="true" box="[136,254,2028,2050]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Distribution map of
<taxonomicName id="049AEBCEFFFCB360FE7EF865FD53285C" authority="E. L. Jacques" authorityName="E. L. Jacques" box="[455,746,2028,2050]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="6" pageNumber="242" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="isadorae">
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFFCB360FE7EF865FDC8285F" box="[455,625,2028,2050]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">Begonia isadorae</emphasis>
E.L.Jacques
</taxonomicName>
(dark dots).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="97E5C0C5FFFDB361FF31F902FAA72856" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13216409" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13216409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13216409/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" startId="7.[136,229,1674,1696]" targetBox="[288,1299,190,1650]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="C325904DFFFDB361FF31F902FAA72856" blockId="7.[136,1452,1674,2057]" pageId="7" pageNumber="243">
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFFDB361FF31F902FF4726C1" bold="true" box="[136,254,1674,1696]" pageId="7" pageNumber="243">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Leaf blade anatomy of
<taxonomicName id="049AEBCEFFFDB361FE5FF903FD2826FE" box="[486,657,1675,1696]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="isadorae">
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFFDB361FE5FF903FD2826FE" box="[486,657,1675,1696]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="243">Begonia isadorae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="049AEBCEFFFDB361FD26F903FC9926FF" box="[671,800,1675,1697]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="7" pageNumber="243" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Begoniaceae</taxonomicName>
). A. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the adaxial surface showing common cells and glandular trichomes (Gt). Inset shows cross section of glandular trichome occurring sunken on the epidermis. B. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the abaxial surface showing glandular trichomes (Gt) and stomata (St) in groups of two or three. C. Frontal view of epidermis (Ep) on the midrib region showing lines of druses (Dr), emergences forming simple trichomes (Tr) and glandular trichomes (Gt). Inset shows detail of simple trichome. D. Cross section showing unistratified epidermis (Ep) on both sides with emergences forming simple trichomes (Tr), wide layer of hypodermis on both sides, and thin chlorophyll parenchyma (Cp). E. Midrib showing unistratified epidermis (Ep), wide hypodermis (Hp), collenchyma (Co), a continuous layer of chlorophyll parenchyma, formed by spongy (Sp) and palisade (Pp) parenchyma, and two collateral vascular bundles facing each other immerse in a fundamental parenchyma (Fp) with druses (Dr). Fi: fibers, Ph: phloem, Xy: xylem. F. Detail showing the leaf blade with wide hypodermis (Hp), tiny palisade parenchyma (Pp) and spongy parenchyma (Sp) with idioblast (Id). G. Detail of idioblast (Id) submitted to Sudan III test, showing suberized cell walls. H. Emergence forming a simple trichome with tapered apex. Scale bars: A, B, C, H = 50 µm; D = 200 µm; E, F, G = 100 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C325904DFFF2B36EFF04FF16FDD121EB" blockId="8.[136,1452,158,437]" pageId="8" pageNumber="244">
The petiole of
<taxonomicName id="049AEBCEFFF2B36EFEDDFF17FD9220E6" box="[356,555,158,184]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="8" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="isadorae">
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFF2B36EFEDDFF17FD9220E6" box="[356,555,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="244">Begonia isadorae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in cross section has a uniseriate epidermis composed of flat cells with rounded edges (
<figureCitation id="5BA18CC8FFF2B36EFF6FFF4AFEF72082" box="[214,334,194,221]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[136,229,1781,1803]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,461,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-154@8.[151,1436,461,1756]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Petiole cross section of Begonia isadorae (Begoniaceae).A. Overview of the petiole, showing epidermis (Ep), cortex formed by collenchyma (Co) and parenchyma (Pa), and vascular bundles (Vb) forming a ring around the parenchymal pith. Dashed circle is highlighting medullary vascular bundles. Id: idioblast. B. Detail showing epidermis (Ep) and collenchyma (Co) with druses (Dr). C. Detail of emergence forming scales (Sc) on the epidermis (Ep). D. Detail of collateral open vascular bundles with phloem (Ph), cambium (Ca) and xylem (Xy). Scale bars:A = 200 µm; B, D = 50 µm; C = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13216411" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13216411/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="244">Fig. 5A, B</figureCitation>
), emergences that
<taxonomicName id="049AEBCEFFF2B36EFDA2FF4AFD222082" box="[539,667,194,220]" form="scales" pageId="8" pageNumber="244" rank="form">form scales</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="5BA18CC8FFF2B36EFD10FF4AFD472083" box="[681,766,194,221]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[136,229,1781,1803]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,461,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-154@8.[151,1436,461,1756]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Petiole cross section of Begonia isadorae (Begoniaceae).A. Overview of the petiole, showing epidermis (Ep), cortex formed by collenchyma (Co) and parenchyma (Pa), and vascular bundles (Vb) forming a ring around the parenchymal pith. Dashed circle is highlighting medullary vascular bundles. Id: idioblast. B. Detail showing epidermis (Ep) and collenchyma (Co) with druses (Dr). C. Detail of emergence forming scales (Sc) on the epidermis (Ep). D. Detail of collateral open vascular bundles with phloem (Ph), cambium (Ca) and xylem (Xy). Scale bars:A = 200 µm; B, D = 50 µm; C = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13216411" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13216411/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="244">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
) and glandular trichomes with a unicellular base, a short stalk and a multicellular biseriate secretory head, as described for the leaf blade. Internally, the cortex is composed of four to five layers of angular collenchyma (
<figureCitation id="5BA18CC8FFF2B36EFDA1FE82FD37217A" box="[536,654,266,293]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[136,229,1781,1803]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,461,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-154@8.[151,1436,461,1756]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Petiole cross section of Begonia isadorae (Begoniaceae).A. Overview of the petiole, showing epidermis (Ep), cortex formed by collenchyma (Co) and parenchyma (Pa), and vascular bundles (Vb) forming a ring around the parenchymal pith. Dashed circle is highlighting medullary vascular bundles. Id: idioblast. B. Detail showing epidermis (Ep) and collenchyma (Co) with druses (Dr). C. Detail of emergence forming scales (Sc) on the epidermis (Ep). D. Detail of collateral open vascular bundles with phloem (Ph), cambium (Ca) and xylem (Xy). Scale bars:A = 200 µm; B, D = 50 µm; C = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13216411" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13216411/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="244">Fig. 5A, B</figureCitation>
) and four to five layers of fundamental parenchyma with large-rounded cells and idioblasts (
<figureCitation id="5BA18CC8FFF2B36EFECEFEA6FE6C2117" box="[375,469,302,329]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[136,229,1781,1803]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,461,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-154@8.[151,1436,461,1756]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Petiole cross section of Begonia isadorae (Begoniaceae).A. Overview of the petiole, showing epidermis (Ep), cortex formed by collenchyma (Co) and parenchyma (Pa), and vascular bundles (Vb) forming a ring around the parenchymal pith. Dashed circle is highlighting medullary vascular bundles. Id: idioblast. B. Detail showing epidermis (Ep) and collenchyma (Co) with druses (Dr). C. Detail of emergence forming scales (Sc) on the epidermis (Ep). D. Detail of collateral open vascular bundles with phloem (Ph), cambium (Ca) and xylem (Xy). Scale bars:A = 200 µm; B, D = 50 µm; C = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13216411" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13216411/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="244">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
). No differentiation was observed in the cells forming the endodermis. The vascular cylinder is formed by approximately 19 collateral open bundles arranged in a ring surrounding the parenchymatic medulla; in the center two to three medullary vascular bundles are visualized (
<figureCitation id="5BA18CC8FFF2B36EFC5DFEFEFB8421CF" box="[996,1085,374,401]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[136,229,1781,1803]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,461,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-154@8.[151,1436,461,1756]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Petiole cross section of Begonia isadorae (Begoniaceae).A. Overview of the petiole, showing epidermis (Ep), cortex formed by collenchyma (Co) and parenchyma (Pa), and vascular bundles (Vb) forming a ring around the parenchymal pith. Dashed circle is highlighting medullary vascular bundles. Id: idioblast. B. Detail showing epidermis (Ep) and collenchyma (Co) with druses (Dr). C. Detail of emergence forming scales (Sc) on the epidermis (Ep). D. Detail of collateral open vascular bundles with phloem (Ph), cambium (Ca) and xylem (Xy). Scale bars:A = 200 µm; B, D = 50 µm; C = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13216411" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13216411/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="244">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
). Each vascular bundle is formed by phloem, cambium and xylem (
<figureCitation id="5BA18CC8FFF2B36EFDB8FE12FDE221EB" box="[513,603,410,437]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[136,229,1781,1803]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,461,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-154@8.[151,1436,461,1756]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Petiole cross section of Begonia isadorae (Begoniaceae).A. Overview of the petiole, showing epidermis (Ep), cortex formed by collenchyma (Co) and parenchyma (Pa), and vascular bundles (Vb) forming a ring around the parenchymal pith. Dashed circle is highlighting medullary vascular bundles. Id: idioblast. B. Detail showing epidermis (Ep) and collenchyma (Co) with druses (Dr). C. Detail of emergence forming scales (Sc) on the epidermis (Ep). D. Detail of collateral open vascular bundles with phloem (Ph), cambium (Ca) and xylem (Xy). Scale bars:A = 200 µm; B, D = 50 µm; C = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13216411" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13216411/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="244">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="97E5C0C5FFF2B36EFF31F97DFC9E27C5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13216411" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13216411" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13216411/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="244" startId="8.[136,229,1781,1803]" targetBox="[152,1436,461,1756]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="C325904DFFF2B36EFF31F97DFC9E27C5" blockId="8.[136,1452,1781,1947]" pageId="8" pageNumber="244">
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFF2B36EFF31F97DFF442754" bold="true" box="[136,253,1781,1803]" pageId="8" pageNumber="244">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Petiole cross section of
<taxonomicName id="049AEBCEFFF2B36EFE5CF97EFD372754" box="[485,654,1781,1803]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="8" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="isadorae">
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFF2B36EFE5CF97EFD372754" box="[485,654,1781,1803]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="244">Begonia isadorae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="049AEBCEFFF2B36EFD22F97DFCA52755" box="[667,796,1781,1803]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="8" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Begoniaceae</taxonomicName>
). A. Overview of the petiole, showing epidermis (Ep), cortex formed by collenchyma (Co) and parenchyma (Pa), and vascular bundles (Vb) forming a ring around the parenchymal pith. Dashed circle is highlighting medullary vascular bundles. Id: idioblast. B. Detail showing epidermis (Ep) and collenchyma (Co) with druses (Dr). C. Detail of emergence forming scales (Sc) on the epidermis (Ep). D. Detail of collateral open vascular bundles with phloem (Ph), cambium (Ca) and xylem (Xy). Scale bars: A = 200 µm; B, D = 50 µm; C = 100 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C325904DFFF2B36FFF04F842FF4D217A" blockId="8.[136,1452,1993,2092]" lastBlockId="9.[136,1452,158,292]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="245" pageId="8" pageNumber="244">
In the
<taxonomicName id="049AEBCEFFF2B36EFEB5F841FE2227BD" box="[268,411,1993,2019]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="8" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Begoniaceae</taxonomicName>
it is common to find anatomical characteristics in the leaf, as observed here for
<taxonomicName id="049AEBCEFFF2B36EFAF7F842FF532859" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="8" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="isadorae">
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFF2B36EFAF7F842FF532859" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="244">Begonia isadorae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, such as: uniseriate epidermis, glandular trichomes, anisocytic stomata, glandular trichomes, aquiferous hypodermis, dorsiventral mesophyll, collateral bundle and calcium oxalate crystals along the veins (
<bibRefCitation id="A70BEDBCFFF2B36FFAB4F79AFF7D20E6" author="Deguen, R. &amp; Mercado, M. I. &amp; Araoz, M. V. C. &amp; Ruiz, A. I. &amp; Ponessa, G. I." lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="245" pageId="8" pageNumber="244" pagination="87 - 97" refId="ref5895" refString="Deguen, R., Mercado, M. I., Araoz, M. V. C. Ruiz, A. I. &amp; Ponessa, G. I. (2012) Morfologia y anatomia de dos variedades de Begonia cucullata (Begoniaceae) comercializadas como &quot; agrial &quot; en Paraguay. Lilloa 49 (2): 87 - 97. [https: // lillo. org. ar / revis / lilloa / 2012 - 49 - 2 / v 49 n 2 a 01. pdf]" type="journal article" year="2012">
Deguen
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFF2B36EFAC9F79AFA152875" box="[1392,1452,2065,2091]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="244">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="A70BEDBCFFF3B36FFF68FF16FE1D20E6" author="Suffan, W. &amp; Metusala, D. &amp; Nisyawati, D." box="[209,420,158,185]" pageId="9" pageNumber="245" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref7531" refString="Suffan, W., Metusala, D. &amp; Nisyawati, D. (2021) Micromorphometric analysis of five Begonia spp. leaves (Begoniaceae). IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 846: 1 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.1088 / 1755 - 1315 / 846 / 1 / 012005" type="journal article" year="2021">
Suffan
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFF3B36FFE9CFF17FEE020E6" box="[293,345,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="245">et al</emphasis>
. 2021
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="A70BEDBCFFF3B36FFE0BFF17FD2A20E6" author="Jacques, E. L. &amp; Ribeiro, M. A. M. &amp; Tozin, L. R. S." box="[434,659,158,185]" pageId="9" pageNumber="245" pagination="103 - 114" refId="ref6372" refString="Jacques, E. L., Ribeiro, M. A. M. &amp; Tozin, L. R. S. (2023) Re-establishment of Begonia corallina Carriere (Begoniaceae) based on morphoanatomical evidence. Phytotaxa 609 (2): 103 - 114. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 609.2.2" type="journal article" year="2023">
Jacques
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFF3B36FFDABFF17FDFF20E6" box="[530,582,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="245">et al</emphasis>
. 2023
</bibRefCitation>
). However, it is possible to highlight anatomical characteristics in
<taxonomicName id="049AEBCEFFF3B36FFA2AFF17FF532082" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="9" pageNumber="245" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="isadorae">
<emphasis id="F1EE4C5FFFF3B36FFA2AFF17FF532082" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="245">B. isadorae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that are different from those commonly found in the leaves of
<taxonomicName id="049AEBCEFFF3B36FFC65FF4AFBD22082" box="[988,1131,194,220]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="9" pageNumber="245" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Begoniaceae</taxonomicName>
species, such as: glandular trichomes grouped in two, large and rounded idioblasts found among the chlorophyll tissues and drusen lined up on the veins.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>