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<document id="41FE1487807895EA94AF924CEFBA8D37" ID-DOI="10.1590/S1984-4689.v41.e23059" ID-ISSN="1984-4689" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13176730" ID-ZooBank="76D4BFC5-CABA-4972-A30E-0DD7C42C501A" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722591359788" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Pena, Meire Silva" docDate="2024" docId="03B96F07A9412558FC58D731FAEC2E20" docLanguage="en" docName="Zoologia.41.e23059.pdf" docOrigin="Zoologia (e 23059) 41" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v41.e23059" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C0DEAC3FDCE12EEF877F5538032D0DC0.6:Zoologia.2021-.journal_article" docStyleId="C0DEAC3FDCE12EEF877F5538032D0DC0" docStyleName="Zoologia.2021-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Kora arnaldoi Pena, 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="7B6783CA-E50C-4EB5-9C8D-31912E0805DE" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FF80177FA944255FFF81D51EFFC92D57" masterDocTitle="Notes on Kora and description of a new species from Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)" masterLastPageNumber="11" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1722629620926" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="9EAB91CE1CA1D3B2769BA40D6C18BE3C">Notes on Kora and description of a new species from Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="30EB7F729C2BE550D82A0000848FF3BE">Pena, Meire Silva</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2448FEB45C53E3523A529B7B14436E61">Laboratório de Malacologia, Museu de Ciências Naturais da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="AA22A81BD14973D0BFE38764F111AB09">Zoologia</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D165944068638E82746663733623B2D7">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EB6708E6237ADB95D0D31D8C5B287FE4">2024-05-10</mods:number>
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<taxonomicName id="4C10A592A941255AFC58D731FB4A2F1F" authorityName="Pena" authorityYear="2024" box="[985,1155,559,584]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bulimulidae" genus="Kora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="arnaldoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9640203A941255AFC58D731FB4A2F1F" bold="true" box="[985,1155,559,584]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Kora arnaldoi</emphasis>
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<figureCitation id="132BC294A941255AFBB2D77FFB422F20" box="[1075,1163,609,631]" captionStart-0="Figure 5" captionStart-1="Figure 6" captionStartId-0="6.[159,228,1728,1750]" captionStartId-1="8.[159,228,1632,1654]" captionTargetBox-0="[161,1436,644,1706]" captionTargetBox-1="[295,1297,200,1615]" captionTargetId-0="figure-49@6.[159,1436,642,1709]" captionTargetId-1="figure-86@8.[291,1303,197,1618]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionText-0="Figure 5. Kora arnaldoi sp. nov.: (A) shell frontal; (B) dorsal view; (C) protoconch; (D) jaw; (EG) radula, including in detail the canalicular groove. Scale bars: AB = 5mm, C = 1 mm, D = 200 µm, EF = 50 µm, G = 20 µm." captionText-1="Figure 6. Kora arnaldoi sp. nov.: (A) pallial roof; (B) mantle edge; (C) digestive system; (D) reproductive system; (E) detail showing the vas deferens; (F) detail showing the fertilization complex. (AG) Albumen gland, (BC) bursa copulatrix, (BD) bursa duct, (FC) fertilization complex, (HD) hermaphrodite duct, (IL) inner lobe, (Ki) Kidney, (OL) outer lobe, (OV) ovariotestis, (Ovd) oviduct, (Pe) pericardium, (Pn) pneumostome, (Pr) prostate, (PV) pulmonary vein, (RE) rectum, (RN) radular nucleus, (SG) salivary gland, (ST) stomach, (VD) vas deferens. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176740" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176742" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13176740/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13176742/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B9640203A941255AFBB2D77FFB422F20" bold="true" box="[1075,1163,609,631]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 56</emphasis>
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https://zoobank.org/
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<paragraph id="8BAFDE11A941255AFCA8D7A2FA5F2F85" blockId="5.[809,1430,700,808]" box="[809,1430,700,722]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<materialsCitation id="3B78D44CA941255AFCA8D7A2FA5F2F85" box="[809,1430,700,722]" collectionCode="MNRJ" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" specimenCode="MNRJ 23623" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54AB60B3A941255AFCA8D7A2FC472F85" box="[809,910,700,722]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCode id="DBB6766AA941255AFC16D7A2FBD72F85" box="[919,1054,700,722]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MNRJ 23623</specimenCode>
,
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, H =
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, W =
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.
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Type locality:
<materialsCitation id="3B78D44CA941255AFC3AD7C6FB1B2E5C" country="Brazil" location="Minas Gerais" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">
<collectingCountry id="F3079E81A941255AFC3AD7C6FBD92FB9" box="[955,1040,728,750]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D410F3A941255AFB9BD7C6FB632FB9" box="[1050,1194,728,750]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D410F3A941255AFB32D7C6FAE12FB9" box="[1203,1320,728,750]" country="Brazil" name="Itacarambi" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Itacarambi</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D410F3A941255AFAB2D7C6FBA02E5C" country="Brazil" name="Cavernas do Peruacu National Park" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cavernas do Peruaçu National Park</collectingRegion>
, Vale dos
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<collectingRegion id="49D410F3A941255AFB5CD7EBFAE52E5C" box="[1245,1324,757,779]" country="Brazil" name="Sonhos" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Sonhos</collectingRegion>
, between crevices of the calcareous stones.
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<paragraph id="8BAFDE11A941255AFCE4D621FB8D29D7" blockId="5.[807,1431,831,1785]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diagnosis: shell oval-elongate with mammillary apex; light brown; total height more than three times width. Pro - toconch core lightly recessed, smooth until ½ whorl when it becomes fine and broken; riblets axial; spire shorter than body whorl and body whorl not inflated. Peristome color brownish-rose. Radula teeth with narrow base and curved free end forming single blunt cusp with a short canalicular depression, central tooth not distinct from other teeth. Mandible with 16 narrow central plates flanked by approximately 7x wider plate at each end.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAFDE11A941255AFCE4D192FC442BC2" blockId="5.[807,1431,831,1785]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Description: shell (
<figureCitation id="132BC294A941255AFBB7D192FB6929F6" box="[1078,1184,1164,1185]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="6.[159,228,1728,1750]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,644,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-49@6.[159,1436,642,1709]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 5. Kora arnaldoi sp. nov.: (A) shell frontal; (B) dorsal view; (C) protoconch; (D) jaw; (EG) radula, including in detail the canalicular groove. Scale bars: AB = 5mm, C = 1 mm, D = 200 µm, EF = 50 µm, G = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176740/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 5AB</figureCitation>
) elongated-oval, solid, rigid; mammillary apex forming angle of 47° or less; umbilicate; light (Küppers N 40 A 50 M 40) to medium brown (Küppers N 60 A 30 M 40); striated axially; 6 ½ slightly convex whorls; total height more than three times width. Protoconch (
<figureCitation id="132BC294A941255AFAC0D00FFA452871" box="[1345,1420,1297,1318]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="6.[159,228,1728,1750]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,644,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-49@6.[159,1436,642,1709]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 5. Kora arnaldoi sp. nov.: (A) shell frontal; (B) dorsal view; (C) protoconch; (D) jaw; (EG) radula, including in detail the canalicular groove. Scale bars: AB = 5mm, C = 1 mm, D = 200 µm, EF = 50 µm, G = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176740/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
) with two whorls; smooth near core until ~½ whorl; with ensuite fine and broken axial riblets; spire shorter than height of elongated body whorl. Aperture vertical, ovate, broadly expanded; peristome color brownish-rose (Küppers N 50 A 40 M 30) with larger posterior projection on body whorl; outer lip rounded, elongated, upper region oblique; basal lip rounded, vertical columellar margin with strong callus, with pleat that varies in size, shape, and position. Columellar axis without lamellae. Dimensions (mm/39 shells): H = 26.3044.00; W = 9.1014.80; ah = 9.7015.50; aw = 4.106.90; wn = 7 ¼.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAFDE11A9412558FCE4D3BFFE692B03" blockId="5.[807,1431,831,1785]" lastBlockId="7.[149,773,199,1787]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Soft parts: cephalopedal mass dark gray (Küppers N 80 M 20 C 10) with light-brown lateral foot edge. Foot holopodal, light brown, without papillae or ridges. Genital pore split located below right ommatophore. Mantle edge (
<figureCitation id="132BC294A9432558FD5DD5D9FF7F2DA9" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="8.[159,228,1632,1654]" captionTargetBox="[295,1297,200,1615]" captionTargetId="figure-86@8.[291,1303,197,1618]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 6. Kora arnaldoi sp. nov.: (A) pallial roof; (B) mantle edge; (C) digestive system; (D) reproductive system; (E) detail showing the vas deferens; (F) detail showing the fertilization complex. (AG) Albumen gland, (BC) bursa copulatrix, (BD) bursa duct, (FC) fertilization complex, (HD) hermaphrodite duct, (IL) inner lobe, (Ki) Kidney, (OL) outer lobe, (OV) ovariotestis, (Ovd) oviduct, (Pe) pericardium, (Pn) pneumostome, (Pr) prostate, (PV) pulmonary vein, (RE) rectum, (RN) radular nucleus, (SG) salivary gland, (ST) stomach, (VD) vas deferens. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176742" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176742/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
) with wide outer lobe and narrow inner lobe with horizontal flap covering the pneumostome and narrower flap at opposite end. Pallial chamber roof (
<figureCitation id="132BC294A9432558FDB6D435FD4A2C17" box="[567,643,299,320]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="8.[159,228,1632,1654]" captionTargetBox="[295,1297,200,1615]" captionTargetId="figure-86@8.[291,1303,197,1618]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 6. Kora arnaldoi sp. nov.: (A) pallial roof; (B) mantle edge; (C) digestive system; (D) reproductive system; (E) detail showing the vas deferens; (F) detail showing the fertilization complex. (AG) Albumen gland, (BC) bursa copulatrix, (BD) bursa duct, (FC) fertilization complex, (HD) hermaphrodite duct, (IL) inner lobe, (Ki) Kidney, (OL) outer lobe, (OV) ovariotestis, (Ovd) oviduct, (Pe) pericardium, (Pn) pneumostome, (Pr) prostate, (PV) pulmonary vein, (RE) rectum, (RN) radular nucleus, (SG) salivary gland, (ST) stomach, (VD) vas deferens. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176742" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176742/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
) pigmented with well-dilated vessels near the pneumostome on both sides of pulmonary vein; splits into three or four branches. Kidney approximately triangular and more extensive than pericardium. Pericardium partially opaque, shorter than kidney lateral face and more bulging next to pulmonary vein. Digestive system: jaw (
<figureCitation id="132BC294A9432558FE42D4EDFDD92F5F" box="[451,528,499,520]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="6.[159,228,1728,1750]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,644,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-49@6.[159,1436,642,1709]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 5. Kora arnaldoi sp. nov.: (A) shell frontal; (B) dorsal view; (C) protoconch; (D) jaw; (EG) radula, including in detail the canalicular groove. Scale bars: AB = 5mm, C = 1 mm, D = 200 µm, EF = 50 µm, G = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176740/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
) with transverse pleating forming 16 narrow central plates flanked by approximately 7x wider plate at each end. Radula (
<figureCitation id="132BC294A9432558FDDFD728FD0F2F1C" box="[606,710,566,587]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="6.[159,228,1728,1750]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,644,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-49@6.[159,1436,642,1709]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 5. Kora arnaldoi sp. nov.: (A) shell frontal; (B) dorsal view; (C) protoconch; (D) jaw; (EG) radula, including in detail the canalicular groove. Scale bars: AB = 5mm, C = 1 mm, D = 200 µm, EF = 50 µm, G = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176740/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5EG</figureCitation>
) with numerous indistinct, tubular, and forwardly curved teeth; tooth base slightly wider than free end, forming blunt cusp with a canalicular depression. Digestive tube (
<figureCitation id="132BC294A9432558FDFDD784FD0F2FF8" box="[636,710,666,687]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="8.[159,228,1632,1654]" captionTargetBox="[295,1297,200,1615]" captionTargetId="figure-86@8.[291,1303,197,1618]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 6. Kora arnaldoi sp. nov.: (A) pallial roof; (B) mantle edge; (C) digestive system; (D) reproductive system; (E) detail showing the vas deferens; (F) detail showing the fertilization complex. (AG) Albumen gland, (BC) bursa copulatrix, (BD) bursa duct, (FC) fertilization complex, (HD) hermaphrodite duct, (IL) inner lobe, (Ki) Kidney, (OL) outer lobe, (OV) ovariotestis, (Ovd) oviduct, (Pe) pericardium, (Pn) pneumostome, (Pr) prostate, (PV) pulmonary vein, (RE) rectum, (RN) radular nucleus, (SG) salivary gland, (ST) stomach, (VD) vas deferens. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176742" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176742/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
) with buccal bulb possessing homogeneously distributed intrinsic muscles, muscle bundles not easily individualized; radular sac with round end, slightly prominent relative to buccal bulb retractor muscles; pharynx narrow, originating at top of buccal bulb. Salivary glands latero-basal with dark ducts that penetrate short pharynx dorso-laterally and located distally to esophageal crop. Anterior intestine narrow for initial third, extending to twice its initial thickness near the C-shaped stomach; C-shaped stomach with delicate, transparent walls and a typhlosole towards the hindgut. Reproductive System (
<figureCitation id="132BC294A9432558FE09D117FE332949" box="[392,506,1033,1054]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="8.[159,228,1632,1654]" captionTargetBox="[295,1297,200,1615]" captionTargetId="figure-86@8.[291,1303,197,1618]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 6. Kora arnaldoi sp. nov.: (A) pallial roof; (B) mantle edge; (C) digestive system; (D) reproductive system; (E) detail showing the vas deferens; (F) detail showing the fertilization complex. (AG) Albumen gland, (BC) bursa copulatrix, (BD) bursa duct, (FC) fertilization complex, (HD) hermaphrodite duct, (IL) inner lobe, (Ki) Kidney, (OL) outer lobe, (OV) ovariotestis, (Ovd) oviduct, (Pe) pericardium, (Pn) pneumostome, (Pr) prostate, (PV) pulmonary vein, (RE) rectum, (RN) radular nucleus, (SG) salivary gland, (ST) stomach, (VD) vas deferens. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176742" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176742/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6 DF</figureCitation>
): ovariotestis with single cluster of follicles and slender hermaphrodite duct; coiled in its middle portion; albumen gland developed, translucent near junction with ovispermoduct; fertilization complex (
<figureCitation id="132BC294A9432558FD5DD173FF7929F4" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="8.[159,228,1632,1654]" captionTargetBox="[295,1297,200,1615]" captionTargetId="figure-86@8.[291,1303,197,1618]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 6. Kora arnaldoi sp. nov.: (A) pallial roof; (B) mantle edge; (C) digestive system; (D) reproductive system; (E) detail showing the vas deferens; (F) detail showing the fertilization complex. (AG) Albumen gland, (BC) bursa copulatrix, (BD) bursa duct, (FC) fertilization complex, (HD) hermaphrodite duct, (IL) inner lobe, (Ki) Kidney, (OL) outer lobe, (OV) ovariotestis, (Ovd) oviduct, (Pe) pericardium, (Pn) pneumostome, (Pr) prostate, (PV) pulmonary vein, (RE) rectum, (RN) radular nucleus, (SG) salivary gland, (ST) stomach, (VD) vas deferens. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176742" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176742/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
) tubular, elongated at end proximal to the hermaphrodite duct and bent upon itself in the mid-region, which is thicker and lengthened again at its terminal end. Ovispermoduct well developed, translucent, with clear visualization of prostate; vas deferens (
<figureCitation id="132BC294A9432558FED2D00DFE50287F" box="[339,409,1299,1320]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="8.[159,228,1632,1654]" captionTargetBox="[295,1297,200,1615]" captionTargetId="figure-86@8.[291,1303,197,1618]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 6. Kora arnaldoi sp. nov.: (A) pallial roof; (B) mantle edge; (C) digestive system; (D) reproductive system; (E) detail showing the vas deferens; (F) detail showing the fertilization complex. (AG) Albumen gland, (BC) bursa copulatrix, (BD) bursa duct, (FC) fertilization complex, (HD) hermaphrodite duct, (IL) inner lobe, (Ki) Kidney, (OL) outer lobe, (OV) ovariotestis, (Ovd) oviduct, (Pe) pericardium, (Pn) pneumostome, (Pr) prostate, (PV) pulmonary vein, (RE) rectum, (RN) radular nucleus, (SG) salivary gland, (ST) stomach, (VD) vas deferens. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176742" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176742/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
) emerging from prostate above the point of bifurcation of the bursa copulatrix duct, extends superficially along the penial complex to the epiphallus region, later detaching from the surface penetrating the phallus wall. Bursa copulatrix duct tubular with decreasing thickness towards the bursa and starting down the exterior of the vas deferens; bursa copulatrix globular. Penial complex tubular, with short muscular sheath, without differentiation of external areas; flagellum short, terminally attached to phallus retractor muscle.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6F8E99A9422559FF1ED701FDCF2F02" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176738" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13176738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176738/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[159,228,543,565]" targetBox="[159,1436,198,530]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BAFDE11A9422559FF1ED701FDCF2F02" blockId="6.[159,1437,543,597]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B9640203A9422559FF1ED701FF352F62" bold="true" box="[159,252,543,565]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C10A592A9422559FE82D701FE5B2F62" box="[259,402,543,565]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bulimulidae" genus="Kora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rupestris">
<emphasis id="B9640203A9422559FE82D701FE5B2F62" box="[259,402,543,565]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Kora rupestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: digestive system: (A) jaw; (B) radula; (C) detail of radula showing canalicular groove. Scale bars: A = 500 µm, B = 50 µm, C = 10 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6F8E99A9422559FF1ED3DEFB402BA1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176740" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13176740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176740/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[159,228,1728,1750]" targetBox="[161,1436,644,1706]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BAFDE11A9422559FF1ED3DEFB402BA1" blockId="6.[158,1436,1728,1782]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B9640203A9422559FF1ED3DEFF322B81" bold="true" box="[159,251,1728,1750]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figure 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C10A592A9422559FE81D3DEFE452B81" authorityName="Pena" authorityYear="2024" box="[256,396,1728,1750]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bulimulidae" genus="Kora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="arnaldoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9640203A9422559FE81D3DEFE452B81" box="[256,396,1728,1750]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Kora arnaldoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A257BF78A9422559FE13D3DEFE2A2B81" box="[402,483,1728,1750]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
: (A) shell frontal; (B) dorsal view; (C) protoconch; (D) jaw; (EG) radula, including in detail the canalicular groove. Scale bars: AB = 5mm, C = 1 mm, D = 200 µm, EF = 50 µm, G = 20 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAFDE11A9432558FF55D37FFB592CF3" blockId="7.[149,773,199,1787]" lastBlockId="7.[807,1431,199,887]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Type material:
<materialsCitation id="3B78D44CA9432558FEF2D37FFE602BAC" collectingDate="2010-12" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="Vale dos Sonhos &amp; M. S. Pena &amp; D. C. Souza &amp; A. Suhett Cols" country="Brazil" location="Cavernas do Peruacu National Park" municipality="Itacarambi" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCode="MNRJ 23623" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54AB60B3A9432558FEF2D37FFE102B21" box="[371,473,1633,1654]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectingCountry id="F3079E81A9432558FE63D37FFDEB2B21" box="[482,546,1633,1654]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D410F3A9432558FDAAD37FFD7E2B21" box="[555,695,1633,1654]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCB446BA9432558FD40D37FFF072BC0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Itacarambi</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8ECF88CAA9432558FF56D39CFD852BC0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B96F07A9412558FC58D731FAEC2E20:8ECF88CAA9432558FF56D39CFD852BC0" box="[215,588,1666,1687]" country="Brazil" municipality="Itacarambi" name="Cavernas do Peruacu National Park" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Cavernas do Peruaçu National Park</location>
,
<collectorName id="26E5BBC7A9432558FDD4D39CFD362BC0" box="[597,767,1666,1687]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Vale dos Sonhos</collectorName>
, between crevices of the calcareous stones,
<specimenCode id="DBB6766AA9432558FDE0D3BDFD222BEF" box="[609,747,1699,1720]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MNRJ 23623</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCount id="9D161598A9432558FD77D3BDFF372B8D" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
, H =
<quantity id="4CE873F4A9432558FEACD3DBFEB82B8D" box="[301,369,1733,1754]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="43.0">43mm</quantity>
, W =
<quantity id="4CE873F4A9432558FE25D3DBFE212B8D" box="[420,488,1733,1754]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="18.0">18mm</quantity>
,
<date id="FFAEF8D1A9432558FE71D3DBFD5A2B8D" box="[496,659,1733,1754]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2010-12">
<collectingDate id="EFEA0139A9432558FE71D3DBFD5A2B8D" box="[496,659,1733,1754]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2010-12">December 2010</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26E5BBC7A9432558FD1BD3DBFCCB2B8D" box="[666,770,1733,1754]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M.S. Pena</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26E5BBC7A9432558FF14D3F8FEC02BAC" box="[149,265,1766,1787]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">D.C. Souza</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26E5BBC7A9432558FE92D3F8FE602BAC" box="[275,425,1766,1787]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. Suhett Cols</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B78D44CA9432558FE32D3F8FB452CF3" collectingDate="2010-11" collectingDateMax="2010-12" collectingDateMin="2010-11" collectionCode="PARNA" collectorName="M. S. Pena &amp; D. Souza &amp; A. Suhett Cols. &amp; C. Damasceno &amp; D. C. Souza Cols. &amp; February &amp; M. Carolina &amp; L. Caldeira Cols" country="Brazil" county="Rezar Cave" location="Cavernas do Peruacu" municipality="Cavernas do Peruacu" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCode="MNRJ 23624, MNRJ 23625, MCNRS 41956" specimenCount="68" specimenCount-adult="68" stateProvince="Minas Gerais" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54AB60B3A9432558FE32D3F8FDD72BAC" box="[435,542,1766,1787]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: Same locality,
<specimenCode id="DBB6766AA9432558FD3ED3F8FCAE2D8B" box="[703,871,199,1787]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MNRJ 23624</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCount id="9D161598A9432558FCEED5D9FC762D8B" box="[879,959,199,220]" count="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="adult">9 adults</specimenCount>
and 6 young preserved specimens,
<date id="FFAEF8D1A9432558FAA6D5D9FC902DA9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2010-12">
<collectingDate id="EFEA0139A9432558FAA6D5D9FC902DA9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2010-12">December 2010</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26E5BBC7A9432558FCE3D5F7FC022DA9" box="[866,971,233,254]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M.S. Pena</collectorName>
;
<collectorName id="26E5BBC7A9432558FC55D5F7FBFB2DA9" box="[980,1074,233,254]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">D. Souza</collectorName>
;
<collectorName id="26E5BBC7A9432558FBBBD5F7FB1C2DA9" box="[1082,1237,233,254]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. Suhett Cols.</collectorName>
;
<collectionCode id="ED0146D4A9432558FB5DD5F7FAE72DA9" box="[1244,1326,233,254]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">PARNA</collectionCode>
<location id="8ECF88CAA9432558FAB2D5F7FC682C48" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B96F07A9412558FC58D731FAEC2E20:8ECF88CAA9432558FAB2D5F7FC682C48" country="Brazil" county="Rezar Cave" municipality="Cavernas do Peruacu" name="Cavernas do Peruacu" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Cavernas do Peruaçu</location>
,
<location id="8ECF88CAA9432558FC2CD414FB9B2C48" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B96F07A9412558FC58D731FAEC2E20:8ECF88CAA9432558FC2CD414FB9B2C48" box="[941,1106,266,287]" country="Brazil" county="Rezar Cave" municipality="Cavernas do Peruacu" name="Desenho's Cave" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Desenhos Cave</location>
,
<specimenCode id="DBB6766AA9432558FBDCD414FB2F2C48" box="[1117,1254,266,287]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MNRJ 23625</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCount id="9D161598A9432558FB71D414FA982C48" box="[1264,1361,266,287]" count="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="adult">18 adults</specimenCount>
and 2 youngs,
<date id="FFAEF8D1A9432558FCFCD435FBEA2C17" box="[893,1059,299,320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2010-11">
<collectingDate id="EFEA0139A9432558FCFCD435FBEA2C17" box="[893,1059,299,320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2010-11">November 2010</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26E5BBC7A9432558FBAAD435FB5A2C17" box="[1067,1171,299,320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M.S. Pena</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26E5BBC7A9432558FB1AD435FAE62C17" box="[1179,1327,299,320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. Damasceno</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26E5BBC7A9432558FAB6D435FCB22C35" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">D.C. Souza Cols.</collectorName>
;
<collectionCode id="ED0146D4A9432558FC02D453FC1C2C35" box="[899,981,333,354]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">PARNA</collectionCode>
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCB446BA9432558FC5BD453FB7E2C35" box="[986,1207,333,354]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cavernas do Peruaçu</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="62CEA69DA9432558FB40D453FAFC2C35" box="[1217,1333,333,354]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Rezar Cave</collectingCounty>
,
<specimenCode id="DBB6766AA9432558FABED453FCAE2CD4" collectionCode="MCNRS" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MCNRS 41956</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCount id="9D161598A9432558FCF3D470FC032CD4" box="[882,970,366,387]" count="41" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="adult">41 adult</specimenCount>
shells, 2 young shells,
<collectorName id="26E5BBC7A9432558FB40D470FAE92CD4" box="[1217,1312,366,387]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">February</collectorName>
/2009,
<collectorName id="26E5BBC7A9432558FAE7D470FC962CF3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M.S. Pena</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26E5BBC7A9432558FCE8D491FC282CF3" box="[873,993,399,420]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
M.
<taxonomicName id="4C10A592A9432558FC05D491FC282CF3" authority=", L. Caldeira Cols." authorityName="L. Caldeira Cols." box="[900,993,399,420]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seguenziidae" genus="Carolina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seguenziida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Carolina</taxonomicName>
</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26E5BBC7A9432558FC6AD491FB452CF3" box="[1003,1164,399,420]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L.Caldeira Cols</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAFDE11A9432558FCE4D4AFFBE72E44" blockId="7.[807,1431,199,887]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Additional material examined:
<materialsCitation id="3B78D44CA9432558FB37D4AFFC542CB0" collectorName="Itacarambi" country="Brazil" location="Minas Gerais" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">
<collectingCountry id="F3079E81A9432558FB37D4AFFB3F2C91" box="[1206,1270,433,454]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D410F3A9432558FA83D4AFFA582C91" box="[1282,1425,433,454]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName id="26E5BBC7A9432558FCA8D4CCFC542CB0" box="[809,925,466,487]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Itacarambi</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B78D44CA9432558FC27D4CCFC342F7D" collectingDate="2022-01" collectionCode="PARNA" collectorName="Col. Mol. &amp; M. S. Pena &amp; A. Vasconcelos Cols" country="Brazil" county="Cavernas do Peruacu" location="Sonhos" municipality="Vale" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">
<collectionCode id="ED0146D4A9432558FC27D4CCFC312CB0" box="[934,1016,466,487]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">PARNA</collectionCode>
<collectingCounty id="62CEA69DA9432558FC7FD4CCFB142CB0" box="[1022,1245,466,487]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cavernas do Peruaçu</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCB446BA9432558FB67D4CCFADD2CB0" box="[1254,1300,466,487]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Vale</collectingMunicipality>
dos
<location id="8ECF88CAA9432558FAC2D4CCFA582CB0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B96F07A9412558FC58D731FAEC2E20:8ECF88CAA9432558FAC2D4CCFA582CB0" box="[1347,1425,466,487]" country="Brazil" county="Cavernas do Peruacu" municipality="Vale" name="Sonhos" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Sonhos</location>
,
<collectorName id="26E5BBC7A9432558FCA9D4EDFCB72F5F" box="[808,894,499,520]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Col.Mol.</collectorName>
MCNPUC 340, 21 shells,
<date id="FFAEF8D1A9432558FB0DD4EDFAD02F5F" box="[1164,1305,499,520]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2022-01">
<collectingDate id="EFEA0139A9432558FB0DD4EDFAD02F5F" box="[1164,1305,499,520]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2022-01">January 2022</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26E5BBC7A9432558FAA5D4EDFA592F5F" box="[1316,1424,499,520]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M.S. Pena</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26E5BBC7A9432558FCAAD70BFC342F7D" box="[811,1021,533,554]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. Vasconcelos Cols</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
.;
<materialsCitation id="3B78D44CA9432558FB8AD70BFB0F2F3B" collectingDate="2010-11" collectionCode="PARNA" collectorName="Col. Mol. &amp; M. S. Pena &amp; C. Damasceno &amp; D. C. Souza Cols" country="Brazil" location="Bonita Cave" municipality="Cavernas do Peruacu" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">
<collectionCode id="ED0146D4A9432558FB8AD70BFB942F7D" box="[1035,1117,533,554]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">PARNA</collectionCode>
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCB446BA9432558FBE5D70BFA8C2F7D" box="[1124,1349,533,554]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cavernas do Peruaçu</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8ECF88CAA9432558FAD1D70BFC942F1C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B96F07A9412558FC58D731FAEC2E20:8ECF88CAA9432558FAD1D70BFC942F1C" country="Brazil" municipality="Cavernas do Peruacu" name="Bonita Cave" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Bonita Cave</location>
,
<collectorName id="26E5BBC7A9432558FCE4D728FC082F1C" box="[869,961,566,587]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Col. Mol.</collectorName>
MCNPUC 218, 25 shels,
<date id="FFAEF8D1A9432558FB38D728FA962F1C" box="[1209,1375,566,587]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2010-11">
<collectingDate id="EFEA0139A9432558FB38D728FA962F1C" box="[1209,1375,566,587]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2010-11">November 2010</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26E5BBC7A9432558FAE6D728FC972F3B" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M.S. Pena</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26E5BBC7A9432558FCEAD749FBCE2F3B" box="[875,1031,599,620]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. Damasceno</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26E5BBC7A9432558FB95D749FB0F2F3B" box="[1044,1222,599,620]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">D.C. Souza Cols</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
.;
<materialsCitation id="3B78D44CA9432558FB57D749FA442FF8" collectingDate="2022-01" collectionCode="PARNA" collectorName="Col. Mol. &amp; M. S. Pena &amp; Vasconcelos &amp; Silva Cols" country="Brazil" county="Cavernas do Peruacu" location="Sonhos" municipality="Vale" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">
<collectionCode id="ED0146D4A9432558FB57D749FAE12F3B" box="[1238,1320,599,620]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">PARNA</collectionCode>
<collectingCounty id="62CEA69DA9432558FAB3D749FC612FD9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cavernas do Peruaçu</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCB446BA9432558FC34D767FC2A2FD9" box="[949,995,633,654]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Vale</collectingMunicipality>
dos
<location id="8ECF88CAA9432558FB9AD767FBA22FD9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B96F07A9412558FC58D731FAEC2E20:8ECF88CAA9432558FB9AD767FBA22FD9" box="[1051,1131,633,654]" country="Brazil" county="Cavernas do Peruacu" municipality="Vale" name="Sonhos" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Sonhos</location>
,
<collectorName id="26E5BBC7A9432558FBF9D767FB062FD9" box="[1144,1231,633,654]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Col.Mol.</collectorName>
MCNPUC 540, 20 shells,
<date id="FFAEF8D1A9432558FCECD784FC3F2FF8" box="[877,1014,666,687]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2022-01">
<collectingDate id="EFEA0139A9432558FCECD784FC3F2FF8" box="[877,1014,666,687]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2022-01">January 2022</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26E5BBC7A9432558FC7ED784FBA02FF8" box="[1023,1129,666,687]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M.S. Pena</collectorName>
; A.
<collectorName id="26E5BBC7A9432558FB0DD784FAC22FF8" box="[1164,1291,666,687]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Vasconcelos</collectorName>
, J.
<collectorName id="26E5BBC7A9432558FAA4D784FA442FF8" box="[1317,1421,666,687]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Silva Cols</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
.;
<materialsCitation id="3B78D44CA9432558FCA6D7A5FBE32E44" collectingDate="2022-12" collectionCode="PARNA" collectorName="Silva &amp; M. S. Pena &amp; I. S. Silva Cols" country="Brazil" county="Cavernas do Peruacu" location="Col." municipality="Carlucio's Cave" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-adult="3" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">
<collectionCode id="ED0146D4A9432558FCA6D7A5FCB02F87" box="[807,889,699,720]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">PARNA</collectionCode>
<collectingCounty id="62CEA69DA9432558FCFFD7A5FB932F87" box="[894,1114,699,720]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cavernas do Peruaçu</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCB446BA9432558FBE2D7A5FAC92F87" box="[1123,1280,699,720]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Carlúcios Cave</collectingMunicipality>
trail,
<location id="8ECF88CAA9432558FABBD7A5FAAF2F87" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B96F07A9412558FC58D731FAEC2E20:8ECF88CAA9432558FABBD7A5FAAF2F87" box="[1338,1382,699,720]" country="Brazil" county="Cavernas do Peruacu" municipality="Carlucio's Cave" name="Col." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Col.</location>
mol. MCNPUC 579,
<specimenCount id="9D161598A9432558FC42D7C3FBDD2FA5" box="[963,1044,733,754]" count="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="adult">3 adults</specimenCount>
specimens,
<date id="FFAEF8D1A9432558FB0FD7C3FAFA2FA5" box="[1166,1331,733,754]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2022-12">
<collectingDate id="EFEA0139A9432558FB0FD7C3FAFA2FA5" box="[1166,1331,733,754]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2022-12">December 2022</collectingDate>
</date>
, J.S.
<collectorName id="26E5BBC7A9432558FADCD7C3FA582FA5" box="[1373,1425,733,754]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Silva</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26E5BBC7A9432558FCA6D7E0FC582E44" box="[807,913,766,787]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M.S. Pena</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26E5BBC7A9432558FC1AD7E0FBE32E44" box="[923,1066,766,787]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">I.S. Silva Cols</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAFDE11A9432558FCE4D601FAEC2E20" blockId="7.[807,1431,199,887]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Etymology: the new species is named in tribute (in memoriam) to Dr. Arnaldo C. dos Santos Coelho, an eminent malacologist of Museu Nacional,
<collectingRegion id="49D410F3A9432558FB09D67CFAE82E20" box="[1160,1313,866,887]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
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<mods:title id="C71D89832C9FBD5D230D0B39E3E79333">Notes on Kora and description of a new species from Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3498B4F7E527B7B98D504381EAFE44D5">Pena, Meire Silva</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D1322A5DBB44BEE4F9AE3DB4C63AFC55">Laboratório de Malacologia, Museu de Ciências Naturais da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais.</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03B96F07A945255AFCECD1B5FBF72F5F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B96F07A945255AFCECD1B5FBF72F5F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B96F07A945255AFCECD1B5FBF72F5F" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<subSubSection id="C30A8D9AA945255EFCECD1B5FA982993" box="[877,1361,1195,1220]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAFDE11A945255EFCECD1B5FA982993" blockId="1.[877,1361,1195,1220]" box="[877,1361,1195,1220]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<heading id="D0E7697DA945255EFCECD1B5FA982993" bold="true" box="[877,1361,1195,1220]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B9640203A945255EFCECD1B5FA982993" bold="true" box="[877,1361,1195,1220]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C10A592A945255EFCECD1B5FBB72993" ID-CoL="3RD4C" authority="Simone" authorityName="Simone" box="[877,1150,1195,1220]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bulimulidae" genus="Kora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rupestris">
<emphasis id="B9640203A945255EFCECD1B5FBD12993" bold="true" box="[877,1048,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Kora rupestris</emphasis>
Simone
</taxonomicName>
&amp;
<bibRefCitation id="EF81A3E0A945255EFB23D1B5FA982993" author="Salvador RB &amp; Simone LRI" box="[1186,1361,1195,1220]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref5464" refString="Salvador RB, Simone LRI (2016) A new species of Kora from Bahia, Brazil (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Orthalicoidea) with an emended diagnosis of de genus. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie 9: 1 - 7. https: // doi. org / 10.18476 / sbna. v 9. a 1" type="journal article" year="2016">
<collectingCountry id="F3079E81A945255EFB23D1B5FAC42993" box="[1186,1293,1195,1220]" name="El Salvador" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Salvador</collectingCountry>
, 2016
</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30A8D9AA945255AFCA8D1C8FBF72F5F" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAFDE11A945255EFCA8D1C8FA92285E" blockId="1.[809,1429,1238,1346]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="B9640203A945255EFCA8D1C8FA92285E" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<materialsCitation id="3B78D44CA945255EFCA8D1C8FB82285E" collectionCode="MZSP" location="Universidade" municipality="Museu de Zoologia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" specimenCode="HTMZSP 12412" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54AB60B3A945255EFCA8D1C8FC4729BB" box="[809,910,1238,1260]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCB446BA945255EFC18D1C8FBA029BB" box="[921,1129,1238,1260]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Museu de Zoologia</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8ECF88CAA945255EFBF5D1C8FACB29BB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B96F07A945255AFCECD1B5FBF72F5F:8ECF88CAA945255EFBF5D1C8FACB29BB" box="[1140,1282,1238,1260]" municipality="Museu de Zoologia" name="Universidade" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">Universidade</location>
de
<collectingRegion id="49D410F3A945255EFAABD1C8FA5C29BB" box="[1322,1429,1238,1260]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0146D4A945255EFCCED1EDFC5D285E" box="[847,916,1267,1289]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="Museum">MZSP</collectionCode>
)
<specimenCode id="DBB6766AA945255EFC20D1EDFB82285E" box="[929,1099,1267,1289]" collectionCode="MZSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="Museum">HTMZSP 12412</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B78D44CA945255EFBD4D1EDFAE4285E" box="[1109,1325,1267,1289]" collectionCode="MZSP" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" specimenCode="MZSP 12" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54AB60B3A945255EFBD4D1EDFB09285E" box="[1109,1216,1267,1289]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCode id="DBB6766AA945255EFB4BD1EDFAE4285E" box="[1226,1325,1267,1289]" collectionCode="MZSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="Museum">MZSP 12</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.441.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAFDE11A945255EFCA8D011FC6F2815" blockId="1.[809,1429,1238,1346]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="B9640203A945255EFCA8D011FC6F2815" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Type locality:
<collectingCountry id="F3079E81A945255EFC37D011FC3A2872" box="[950,1011,1295,1317]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D410F3A945255EFC7DD011FBF32872" box="[1020,1082,1295,1317]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Bahia</collectingRegion>
, Carinhanha (
<bibRefCitation id="EF81A3E0A945255EFB48D011FC522815" author="Salvador RB &amp; Simone LRI" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref5464" refString="Salvador RB, Simone LRI (2016) A new species of Kora from Bahia, Brazil (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Orthalicoidea) with an emended diagnosis of de genus. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie 9: 1 - 7. https: // doi. org / 10.18476 / sbna. v 9. a 1" type="journal article" year="2016">
<collectingCountry id="F3079E81A945255EFB48D011FAEF2872" box="[1225,1318,1295,1317]" name="El Salvador" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Salvador</collectingCountry>
and Simone 2016
</bibRefCitation>
).
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAFDE11A945255EFCE4D04BFB2D2B46" blockId="1.[807,1431,1365,1786]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Diagnosis:
<taxonomicName id="4C10A592A945255EFC57D04BFBA9283D" box="[982,1120,1365,1386]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bulimulidae" genus="Kora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rupestris">
<emphasis id="B9640203A945255EFC57D04BFBA9283D" box="[982,1120,1365,1386]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Kora rupestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C10A592A945255EFAD6D04BFCAA28DB" authorityName="Simone" authorityYear="2012" class="Gastropoda" family="Bulimulidae" genus="Kora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="corallina">
<emphasis id="B9640203A945255EFAD6D04BFCAA28DB" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">K. corallina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by protoconch sculpture and thinner profile (
<bibRefCitation id="EF81A3E0A945255EFAB9D069FC2928FA" author="Salvador RB &amp; Simone LRI" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref5464" refString="Salvador RB, Simone LRI (2016) A new species of Kora from Bahia, Brazil (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Orthalicoidea) with an emended diagnosis of de genus. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie 9: 1 - 7. https: // doi. org / 10.18476 / sbna. v 9. a 1" type="journal article" year="2016">
<collectingCountry id="F3079E81A945255EFAB9D069FA5C28DB" box="[1336,1429,1399,1420]" name="El Salvador" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Salvador</collectingCountry>
and Simone 2016
</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EF81A3E0A945255EFC70D086FAD328FA" author="Salvador RB &amp; Simone LRI" box="[1009,1306,1432,1453]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="395 - 399" refId="ref5526" refString="Salvador RB, Simone LRI (2021) New records of Orthalicoidea land snails species for the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora). Check List 17 (2): 395 - 399. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 17.2.395" type="journal article" year="2021">
<collectingCountry id="F3079E81A945255EFC70D086FB8728FA" box="[1009,1102,1432,1453]" name="El Salvador" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Salvador</collectingCountry>
and Simone (2021)
</bibRefCitation>
featured
<taxonomicName id="4C10A592A945255EFA00D086FCB62899" class="Gastropoda" family="Bulimulidae" genus="Kora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rupestris">
<emphasis id="B9640203A945255EFA00D086FCB62899" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">K. rupestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shells from
<collectionCode id="ED0146D4A945255EFC7BD0A7FB852899" box="[1018,1100,1465,1486]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">PARNA</collectionCode>
Cavernas do Peruaçu, which we describe herein as a new species based on evidence from the morphology of the shell and the soft part.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAFDE11A945255EFCE4D303FCA42BAD" blockId="1.[807,1431,1365,1786]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Redescription: shell (
<figureCitation id="132BC294A945255EFBBBD303FB5F2B65" box="[1082,1174,1565,1586]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[151,220,1697,1719]" captionTargetBox="[174,1405,197,1686]" captionTargetId="figure-49@3.[174,1405,197,1686]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Kora rupestris: (AB) frontal view; (CD) dorsal view; (AC) medium brown morphotype; (BD) dark brown morphotype; (EF) collumelar axis without extra lamellae; (GI) protoconch. Scale bars: AF = 5 mm, G = 500 µm, H = 1 mm, I = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176734" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176734/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 2AI</figureCitation>
) conical-fusiform, brown in color (Küppers N
<subScript id="1794DC54A945255EFC73D353FBC92B0E" attach="right" box="[1010,1024,1613,1625]" fontSize="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">30</subScript>
A
<subScript id="1794DC54A945255EFB90D353FBD62B0E" attach="both" box="[1041,1055,1613,1625]" fontSize="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">80</subScript>
M
<subScript id="1794DC54A945255EFBB4D353FB8A2B0E" attach="left" box="[1077,1091,1613,1625]" fontSize="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">50</subScript>
) with slightly darker body whorl (Küppers N 80 A 50 M 50) and lighter narrow subsutural band (Küppers N 10 A 50 M 20). The studied material contains a morphotype with a darker color pattern (Küppers N
<subScript id="1794DC54A945255EFAA1D3AFFAE72BEA" attach="both" box="[1312,1326,1713,1725]" fontSize="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">70</subScript>
A
<subScript id="1794DC54A945255EFABED3AFFA842BEA" attach="both" box="[1343,1357,1713,1725]" fontSize="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">40</subScript>
M
<subScript id="1794DC54A945255EFAE2D3AFFAB82BEA" attach="left" box="[1379,1393,1713,1725]" fontSize="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">40</subScript>
) in all whorls but maintaining the lighter subsutural band (Küppers N
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAFDE11A945255EFCECD3EAFCB22A57" box="[877,891,1780,1792]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">40</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAFDE11A945255EFCFAD3FBFC452BAD" blockId="1.[807,1431,1365,1786]" box="[891,908,1765,1786]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">A</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAFDE11A945255EFC0DD3EAFC532A57" box="[908,922,1780,1792]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">50</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAFDE11A945255EFC1BD3FBFC792BAD" blockId="1.[807,1431,1365,1786]" box="[922,944,1765,1786]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">M</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAFDE11A945255EFC30D3EAFC762A57" box="[945,959,1780,1792]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">30</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAFDE11A945255DFC3ED3FBFD842B5A" blockId="1.[807,1431,1365,1786]" lastBlockId="2.[157,780,1261,1782]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
) (
<figureCitation id="132BC294A945255EFC52D3FBFBF12BAD" box="[979,1080,1765,1786]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[151,220,1697,1719]" captionTargetBox="[174,1405,197,1686]" captionTargetId="figure-49@3.[174,1405,197,1686]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Kora rupestris: (AB) frontal view; (CD) dorsal view; (AC) medium brown morphotype; (BD) dark brown morphotype; (EF) collumelar axis without extra lamellae; (GI) protoconch. Scale bars: AF = 5 mm, G = 500 µm, H = 1 mm, I = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176734" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176734/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 2B, D</figureCitation>
). Protoconch (
<figureCitation id="132BC294A945255EFB4CD3FBFAE42BAD" box="[1229,1325,1765,1786]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[151,220,1697,1719]" captionTargetBox="[174,1405,197,1686]" captionTargetId="figure-49@3.[174,1405,197,1686]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Kora rupestris: (AB) frontal view; (CD) dorsal view; (AC) medium brown morphotype; (BD) dark brown morphotype; (EF) collumelar axis without extra lamellae; (GI) protoconch. Scale bars: AF = 5 mm, G = 500 µm, H = 1 mm, I = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176734" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176734/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 2GI</figureCitation>
) with two whorls, and a wide and flat core; first whorl smooth, second with delicate discontinuous axial grooves. Teleoconch with wider and straighter grooves than the protoconch. Suture non-crenulated. Aperture oval, slightly inclined relative to columellar axis; columellar axis (
<figureCitation id="132BC294A946255DFD8BD06DFDB828DF" box="[522,625,1395,1416]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[151,220,1697,1719]" captionTargetBox="[174,1405,197,1686]" captionTargetId="figure-49@3.[174,1405,197,1686]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Kora rupestris: (AB) frontal view; (CD) dorsal view; (AC) medium brown morphotype; (BD) dark brown morphotype; (EF) collumelar axis without extra lamellae; (GI) protoconch. Scale bars: AF = 5 mm, G = 500 µm, H = 1 mm, I = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176734" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176734/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2EF</figureCitation>
) not lamellar. Peristome deflected, wide and with clear columellar lip (Küppers N 20 A 30 M 10); parietal lip not thickened. Dimensions (in mm, n = 30 shells): H = 42.2048.00; W = 19.4524.80; ah = 22.9518.40; aw = 4.0012.85; wn = 7 ¼.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6F8E99A946255DFF1ED184FB5A29E7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176732" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13176732" box="[159,1171,1178,1200]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176732/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" startId="2.[159,228,1178,1200]" targetBox="[159,1436,198,1165]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BAFDE11A946255DFF1ED184FB5A29E7" blockId="2.[159,1171,1178,1200]" box="[159,1171,1178,1200]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B9640203A946255DFF1ED184FCB729E7" bold="true" box="[159,894,1178,1200]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figure 1. (A) PARNA Cavernas do Peruaçu map: (BC) landscape; (D)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C10A592A946255DFC05D184FC3C29E7" box="[900,1013,1178,1200]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bulimulidae" genus="Kora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rupestris">
<emphasis id="B9640203A946255DFC05D184FC3C29E7" box="[900,1013,1178,1200]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">K. rupestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
live specimen.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAFDE11A946255DFF5AD307FB612BA1" blockId="2.[157,780,1261,1782]" lastBlockId="2.[815,1437,1261,1782]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Softs parts (
<figureCitation id="132BC294A946255DFEDAD307FE0A2B79" box="[347,451,1561,1582]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[159,228,1633,1655]" captionTargetBox="[326,1295,203,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-89@4.[318,1299,197,1618]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Kora rupestris: (A) pallial roof; (B) mantle edge; (C) digestive system; (D) reproductive system; (E) detail showing the fertilization complex; (F) detail showing the vas deferens at the penial complex. (BB) buccal bulb, (BC) bursa copulatrix, (BD) bursa duct, (FC)fertilization complex, (HD) hermaphrodite duct, (IL) inner lobe, (Ki) Kidney, (OL) outer lobe, (OV) ovariotestis, (Ovd) oviduct, (Pe) pericardium, (Pn) pneumostome, (Pr) prostate, (PS) penial sheath, (PV) pulmonary vein, (RE) rectum, (RN) radular nucleus, (SG) salivary glands, (ST) stomach, (VD) vas deferens. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176736/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3AF</figureCitation>
): cephalopedal mass dark gray (Küppers N
<subScript id="1794DC54A946255DFE9ED357FEE42B02" attach="both" box="[287,301,1609,1621]" fontSize="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">70</subScript>
A
<subScript id="1794DC54A946255DFEBED357FE842B02" attach="both" box="[319,333,1609,1621]" fontSize="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">40</subScript>
M
<subScript id="1794DC54A946255DFEE5D357FEBB2B02" attach="left" box="[356,370,1609,1621]" fontSize="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">10</subScript>
) with grooves forming a reticulated surface on the dorsum and light gray (Küppers N 60 A 40 M 10); ventral region with smooth surface. Genital pore below right ommatophore. Mantle edge, in ventral view, (
<figureCitation id="132BC294A946255DFDF8D381FD082BE3" box="[633,705,1695,1716]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[159,228,1633,1655]" captionTargetBox="[326,1295,203,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-89@4.[318,1299,197,1618]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Kora rupestris: (A) pallial roof; (B) mantle edge; (C) digestive system; (D) reproductive system; (E) detail showing the fertilization complex; (F) detail showing the vas deferens at the penial complex. (BB) buccal bulb, (BC) bursa copulatrix, (BD) bursa duct, (FC)fertilization complex, (HD) hermaphrodite duct, (IL) inner lobe, (Ki) Kidney, (OL) outer lobe, (OV) ovariotestis, (Ovd) oviduct, (Pe) pericardium, (Pn) pneumostome, (Pr) prostate, (PS) penial sheath, (PV) pulmonary vein, (RE) rectum, (RN) radular nucleus, (SG) salivary glands, (ST) stomach, (VD) vas deferens. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176736/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
) thick, with wide and continuous external lobe, with acuminate angle at end that accommodates the pneumostome. Inner lobe with three thin flaps partially detached from outer lobe one flap adjacent to pneumostome, second extending from pneumostome to median region, third extending from median region to opposite end of pneumostome. Pneumostome circular, flanked by anal slit. Pallial roof, in ventral view (
<figureCitation id="132BC294A946255DFCEDD08AFC7D28FE" box="[876,948,1428,1449]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[159,228,1633,1655]" captionTargetBox="[326,1295,203,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-89@4.[318,1299,197,1618]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Kora rupestris: (A) pallial roof; (B) mantle edge; (C) digestive system; (D) reproductive system; (E) detail showing the fertilization complex; (F) detail showing the vas deferens at the penial complex. (BB) buccal bulb, (BC) bursa copulatrix, (BD) bursa duct, (FC)fertilization complex, (HD) hermaphrodite duct, (IL) inner lobe, (Ki) Kidney, (OL) outer lobe, (OV) ovariotestis, (Ovd) oviduct, (Pe) pericardium, (Pn) pneumostome, (Pr) prostate, (PS) penial sheath, (PV) pulmonary vein, (RE) rectum, (RN) radular nucleus, (SG) salivary glands, (ST) stomach, (VD) vas deferens. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176736/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
), with translucent surface with dense embossed venation between edge of secondary ureter and median region of mantle edge. Pulmonary vein anteriorly branched, connected by numerous perpendicular and branched vessels from mantle edge to pericardial cavity. Transverse venation extending to bottom of pallial cavity between kidney and rectum. Kidney elongated, triangular with the most acuminate apex passing through the pericardium. Primary ureter as a lighter band attached to side of kidney; secondary ureter fully closed, running lateral to rectum. Pericardial sac partially opaque, tapered at both ends.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6F8E99A947255CFF16D3BFFEC52BA0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176734" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13176734" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176734/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[151,220,1697,1719]" targetBox="[174,1405,197,1686]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BAFDE11A947255CFF16D3BFFEC52BA0" blockId="3.[151,1429,1697,1783]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B9640203A947255CFF16D3BFFF3A2BE0" bold="true" box="[151,243,1697,1719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C10A592A947255CFF79D3BFFE4D2BE0" box="[248,388,1697,1719]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bulimulidae" genus="Kora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rupestris">
<emphasis id="B9640203A947255CFF79D3BFFE4D2BE0" box="[248,388,1697,1719]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Kora rupestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: (AB) frontal view; (CD) dorsal view; (AC) medium brown morphotype; (BD) dark brown morphotype; (EF) collumelar axis without extra lamellae; (GI) protoconch. Scale bars: AF = 5 mm, G = 500 µm, H = 1 mm, I = 200 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAFDE11A940255BFEBDD5E8FE852C5B" blockId="4.[316,332,246,268]" box="[316,332,246,268]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B9640203A940255BFEBDD5E8FE852C5B" bold="true" box="[316,332,246,268]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAFDE11A940255BFF1ED37FFAC42BA0" blockId="4.[157,1438,1633,1783]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B9640203A940255BFF1ED37FFF322B20" bold="true" box="[159,251,1633,1655]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C10A592A940255BFE81D37FFE452B20" box="[256,396,1633,1655]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bulimulidae" genus="Kora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rupestris">
<emphasis id="B9640203A940255BFE81D37FFE452B20" box="[256,396,1633,1655]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Kora rupestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: (A) pallial roof; (B) mantle edge; (C) digestive system; (D) reproductive system; (E) detail showing the fertilization complex; (F) detail showing the vas deferens at the penial complex. (BB) buccal bulb, (BC) bursa copulatrix, (BD) bursa duct, (FC)fertilization complex, (HD) hermaphrodite duct, (IL) inner lobe, (Ki) Kidney, (OL) outer lobe, (OV) ovariotestis, (Ovd) oviduct, (Pe) pericardium, (Pn) pneumostome, (Pr) prostate, (PS) penial sheath, (PV) pulmonary vein, (RE) rectum, (RN) radular nucleus, (SG) salivary glands, (ST) stomach, (VD) vas deferens. Scale bars: 2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAFDE11A941255AFF55D5D9FE622F87" blockId="5.[149,773,199,1787]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Digestive system: jaw (
<figureCitation id="132BC294A941255AFE42D5D9FDC72D8B" box="[451,526,199,220]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[159,228,543,565]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,198,530]" captionTargetId="figure-89@6.[159,1436,197,530]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Kora rupestris: digestive system: (A) jaw; (B) radula; (C) detail of radula showing canalicular groove. Scale bars: A = 500 µm, B = 50 µm, C = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176738/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
) arched, comprising 17 folds of non-uniform widths, central four narrower than distal folds. Radula (
<figureCitation id="132BC294A941255AFEE8D414FE1B2C48" box="[361,466,266,287]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[159,228,543,565]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,198,530]" captionTargetId="figure-89@6.[159,1436,197,530]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Kora rupestris: digestive system: (A) jaw; (B) radula; (C) detail of radula showing canalicular groove. Scale bars: A = 500 µm, B = 50 µm, C = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176738/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4BC</figureCitation>
): with rows of approximately 102 monocuspid teeth of regular size and shape, without distinction between central, lateral, and marginal teeth. Teeth narrow with long base and free end curved like a hook and slightly pointed; free end of each tooth with an elongated concavity (visualized under higher magnification. Digestive tube (
<figureCitation id="132BC294A941255AFEBED4CCFE452CB0" box="[319,396,466,487]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[159,228,1633,1655]" captionTargetBox="[326,1295,203,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-89@4.[318,1299,197,1618]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Kora rupestris: (A) pallial roof; (B) mantle edge; (C) digestive system; (D) reproductive system; (E) detail showing the fertilization complex; (F) detail showing the vas deferens at the penial complex. (BB) buccal bulb, (BC) bursa copulatrix, (BD) bursa duct, (FC)fertilization complex, (HD) hermaphrodite duct, (IL) inner lobe, (Ki) Kidney, (OL) outer lobe, (OV) ovariotestis, (Ovd) oviduct, (Pe) pericardium, (Pn) pneumostome, (Pr) prostate, (PS) penial sheath, (PV) pulmonary vein, (RE) rectum, (RN) radular nucleus, (SG) salivary glands, (ST) stomach, (VD) vas deferens. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176736/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
): buccal bulb with very prominent radular nucleus that is slightly curved upwards. Esophagus diameter wider at crop. Salivary glands latero-basal; each gland with only one duct departing towards dorsal region of buccal bulb where it penetrates each side of the point of junction with the esophagus. Posterior esophagus equal in diameter to stomach. Stomach tubular, recurved, with delicate translucent walls.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAFDE11A941255AFF55D7C3FD5A2BAC" blockId="5.[149,773,199,1787]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Reproductive system (
<figureCitation id="132BC294A941255AFE49D7C3FDF12FA5" box="[456,568,733,754]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[159,228,1633,1655]" captionTargetBox="[326,1295,203,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-89@4.[318,1299,197,1618]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Kora rupestris: (A) pallial roof; (B) mantle edge; (C) digestive system; (D) reproductive system; (E) detail showing the fertilization complex; (F) detail showing the vas deferens at the penial complex. (BB) buccal bulb, (BC) bursa copulatrix, (BD) bursa duct, (FC)fertilization complex, (HD) hermaphrodite duct, (IL) inner lobe, (Ki) Kidney, (OL) outer lobe, (OV) ovariotestis, (Ovd) oviduct, (Pe) pericardium, (Pn) pneumostome, (Pr) prostate, (PS) penial sheath, (PV) pulmonary vein, (RE) rectum, (RN) radular nucleus, (SG) salivary glands, (ST) stomach, (VD) vas deferens. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176736/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3DF</figureCitation>
): ovariotestis with single grouping of finger-like follicles with darker distal ends that internally fill digestive gland between third and fourth turn of the visceral mass; delicate tubules depart from various points of the grouping, which, reuniting near distal end of the gonad, form the hermaphrodite duct. Hermaphrodite duct undergoes great thickening, greater pigmentation and becomes coiled reaching ventral face of albumen gland connecting to the fertilization complex. Fertilization complex (
<figureCitation id="132BC294A941255AFF1ED117FF2E2949" box="[159,231,1033,1054]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[159,228,1633,1655]" captionTargetBox="[326,1295,203,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-89@4.[318,1299,197,1618]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Kora rupestris: (A) pallial roof; (B) mantle edge; (C) digestive system; (D) reproductive system; (E) detail showing the fertilization complex; (F) detail showing the vas deferens at the penial complex. (BB) buccal bulb, (BC) bursa copulatrix, (BD) bursa duct, (FC)fertilization complex, (HD) hermaphrodite duct, (IL) inner lobe, (Ki) Kidney, (OL) outer lobe, (OV) ovariotestis, (Ovd) oviduct, (Pe) pericardium, (Pn) pneumostome, (Pr) prostate, (PS) penial sheath, (PV) pulmonary vein, (RE) rectum, (RN) radular nucleus, (SG) salivary glands, (ST) stomach, (VD) vas deferens. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176736/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
) elongated, tubular, with circular fold at mid-length that directs it upwards; second fold directs blind end forward. Albumen gland voluminous, translucent, short, and widely connected to ovispermoduct. Ovispermoduct long, twisted, uterus walls forming transverse folds throughout its extension. Prostate surface granular, adhered to uterine wall from albumen gland to just before oviduct bifurcation with bursa copulatrix duct. Bursa copulatrix duct originates in the oviduct just below vas deferens exteriorization; diameter constant for approximately 1/5 of its course, dilating slightly, narrowing again for last 1/5 of its course to encounter the bursa. Bursa copulatrix oval; vagina length equivalent to less than half of that of free oviduct. Vas deferens (
<figureCitation id="132BC294A941255AFD32D087FD3528F9" box="[691,764,1433,1454]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[159,228,1633,1655]" captionTargetBox="[326,1295,203,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-89@4.[318,1299,197,1618]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Kora rupestris: (A) pallial roof; (B) mantle edge; (C) digestive system; (D) reproductive system; (E) detail showing the fertilization complex; (F) detail showing the vas deferens at the penial complex. (BB) buccal bulb, (BC) bursa copulatrix, (BD) bursa duct, (FC)fertilization complex, (HD) hermaphrodite duct, (IL) inner lobe, (Ki) Kidney, (OL) outer lobe, (OV) ovariotestis, (Ovd) oviduct, (Pe) pericardium, (Pn) pneumostome, (Pr) prostate, (PS) penial sheath, (PV) pulmonary vein, (RE) rectum, (RN) radular nucleus, (SG) salivary glands, (ST) stomach, (VD) vas deferens. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176736/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
) emerging in oviduct just above bursa copulatrix duct bifurcation, descending towards penial complex, passing below muscular sheath of phallus, running externally through phallus and epiphallus, penetrating its limit with flagellum. Penial complex long, tubular, with three convoluted folds along its course; next to the vagina it has a muscular sheath corresponding in length to that of the oviduct. Phallus practically constant in diameter, slightly tapering distally; no external distinction from epiphallus; flagellum short, terminally attached to retractor phallus muscle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAFDE11A941255AFCE4D5D9FBF72F5F" blockId="5.[807,1430,199,520]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Material examined:
<collectingCountry id="F3079E81A941255AFBBAD5D9FBB22D8B" box="[1083,1147,199,220]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D410F3A941255AFB04D5D9FADB2D8B" box="[1157,1298,199,220]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
, Itacarambi,
<materialsCitation id="3B78D44CA941255AFCA8D5F7FB0B2DA9" box="[809,1218,233,254]" collectionCode="PARNA" collectorName="Fazenda" location="Cavernas do Peruacu" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="ED0146D4A941255AFCA8D5F7FCB22DA9" box="[809,891,233,254]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">PARNA</collectionCode>
<location id="8ECF88CAA941255AFC00D5F7FB962DA9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B96F07A945255AFCECD1B5FBF72F5F:8ECF88CAA941255AFC00D5F7FB962DA9" box="[897,1119,233,254]" name="Cavernas do Peruacu" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cavernas do Peruaçu</location>
,
<collectorName id="26E5BBC7A941255AFBE8D5F7FB0B2DA9" box="[1129,1218,233,254]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fazenda</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B78D44CA941255AFB49D5F7FA592C17" collectionCode="ICIL" collectorName="December &amp; M. S. Pena &amp; Suhett &amp; D. C. Souza" county="Col. Mol." location="Volta da Serra" municipality="Col. Mol." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" specimenCount="22">
<collectionCode id="ED0146D4A941255AFB49D5F7FB3F2DA9" box="[1224,1270,233,254]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ICIL</collectionCode>
<location id="8ECF88CAA941255AFB7AD5F7FA5B2DA9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B96F07A945255AFCECD1B5FBF72F5F:8ECF88CAA941255AFB7AD5F7FA5B2DA9" box="[1275,1426,233,254]" county="Col. Mol." municipality="Col. Mol." name="Volta da Serra" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Volta da Serra</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCB446BA941255AFCA9D414FC4D2C48" box="[808,900,266,287]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<collectingCounty id="62CEA69DA941255AFCA9D414FC4D2C48" box="[808,900,266,287]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Col. Mol.</collectingCounty>
</collectingMunicipality>
MCNPUC 301 (
<specimenCount id="9D161598A941255AFBA3D414FB642C48" box="[1058,1197,266,287]" count="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="generic">22 specimens</specimenCount>
preserved in ethanol), 13
<collectorName id="26E5BBC7A941255AFCC7D435FC7D2C17" box="[838,948,299,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">December</collectorName>
, 2010,
<collectorName id="26E5BBC7A941255AFC7BD435FBAD2C17" box="[1018,1124,299,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M.S. Pena</collectorName>
, A.
<collectorName id="26E5BBC7A941255AFB08D435FB192C17" box="[1161,1232,299,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Suhett</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26E5BBC7A941255AFB5BD435FA852C17" box="[1242,1356,299,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">D.C. Souza</collectorName>
cols. I
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B78D44CA941255AFCA8D453FC0B2CD4" collectionCode="PARNA" collectorName="Estrada Fazenda Sr Odilon &amp; Col. Mol." location="Cavernas do Peruacu" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="ED0146D4A941255AFCA8D453FCB22C35" box="[809,891,333,354]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">PARNA</collectionCode>
<location id="8ECF88CAA941255AFC02D453FBAC2C35" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B96F07A945255AFCECD1B5FBF72F5F:8ECF88CAA941255AFC02D453FBAC2C35" box="[899,1125,333,354]" name="Cavernas do Peruacu" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cavernas do Peruaçu</location>
,
<collectorName id="26E5BBC7A941255AFBF0D453FA582C35" box="[1137,1425,333,354]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Estrada Fazenda Sr Odilon</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26E5BBC7A941255AFCABD470FC4C2CD4" box="[810,901,366,387]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Col. Mol.</collectorName>
MCN
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B78D44CA941255AFC44D470FA422CF3" collectionCode="PUC" collectorName="December &amp; Silva &amp; M. S. Pena &amp; I. Santos Silva" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" specimenCode="PUC 575" specimenCount="10">
<specimenCode id="DBB6766AA941255AFC44D470FBD42CD4" box="[965,1053,366,387]" collectionCode="PUC" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fizx-12kd" name="Beijing University" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">PUC 575</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="9D161598A941255AFBA9D470FB782CD4" box="[1064,1201,366,387]" count="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="generic">10 specimens</specimenCount>
preserved in ethanol),
<collectorName id="26E5BBC7A941255AFCA6D491FC5F2CF3" box="[807,918,399,420]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">December</collectorName>
, 2022, J.S.
<collectorName id="26E5BBC7A941255AFB8DD491FB882CF3" box="[1036,1089,399,420]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Silva</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26E5BBC7A941255AFBCFD491FB7D2CF3" box="[1102,1204,399,420]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M.S.Pena</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26E5BBC7A941255AFB43D491FA9C2CF3" box="[1218,1365,399,420]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">I.Santos Silva</collectorName>
cols
</materialsCitation>
.;
<materialsCitation id="3B78D44CA941255AFCA8D4AFFBB82C91" box="[809,1137,433,454]" collectionCode="PARNA" location="Cavernas do Peruacu" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="ED0146D4A941255AFCA8D4AFFCB52C91" box="[809,892,433,454]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">PARNA</collectionCode>
<location id="8ECF88CAA941255AFC07D4AFFBB82C91" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B96F07A945255AFCECD1B5FBF72F5F:8ECF88CAA941255AFC07D4AFFBB82C91" box="[902,1137,433,454]" name="Cavernas do Peruacu" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cavernas do Peruaçu</location>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B78D44CA941255AFBFED4AFFBF22F5F" collectingDate="2010-12" collectionCode="ICIL" collectorName="Col. Mol. &amp; M. S. Pena &amp; A. Suhett &amp; D. C. Souza" location="Volta da Serra" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="ED0146D4A941255AFBFED4AFFB662C91" box="[1151,1199,433,454]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ICIL</collectionCode>
,
<location id="8ECF88CAA941255AFB3CD4AFFA972C91" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B96F07A945255AFCECD1B5FBF72F5F:8ECF88CAA941255AFB3CD4AFFA972C91" box="[1213,1374,433,454]" name="Volta da Serra" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Volta da Serra</location>
,
<collectorName id="26E5BBC7A941255AFAEDD4AFFC902CB0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Col. Mol.</collectorName>
MCNPUC 249 (51 shells),
<date id="FFAEF8D1A941255AFBF6D4CCFAE92CB0" box="[1143,1312,466,487]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2010-12">
<collectingDate id="EFEA0139A941255AFBF6D4CCFAE92CB0" box="[1143,1312,466,487]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2010-12">December 2010</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26E5BBC7A941255AFAAAD4CCFA592CB0" box="[1323,1424,466,487]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M.S.Pena</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26E5BBC7A941255AFCAAD4EDFC442F5F" box="[811,909,499,520]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. Suhett</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26E5BBC7A941255AFC16D4EDFBCC2F5F" box="[919,1029,499,520]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">D.C.Souza</collectorName>
, cols
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
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<mods:title id="1EB8581B87E57291E3EDA4F315C6DBDA">AlveOderes gen. nov., the earliest fossil of Bothrideridae from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (Coleoptera: Coccinelloidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:role id="DFD044543BA5A1617AA1E2AE337F9C3E">
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<mods:namePart id="1FA1A4B44CE49A3ECB9974B99D1B0F1E">Li, Yan-Da</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CF7B43886B5BC732C0ED9371BA0E3A9D">State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Nanjing 210008, China. &amp; Bristol Palaeobiology Group, School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol. Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS 8 1 TQ, United Kingdom.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="AD3DC9910A7A3985B01D26D4A25B2DAE" type="email">cycai@nigpas.ac</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:role id="C68BE0EB6A35DE508F4315A0B43547FC">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F9BF5A50B29AFCB7A1141360C881876E">Cai, Chen-Yang</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="636070689D7691CF2E5BB4C15CEF4E2E">State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Nanjing 210008, China.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="E69AA961FC6E5544BCB095106A05F263">Zoologia</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F9A2ED7C70032B9327F325C56A47A544">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="5CCAC4E959C5716CCAD985BC9B72F130">e 23084</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="6A7739854933AE8676455B48BF1F8C53">2024-06-07</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03C287E5FFE1631E4594F9DDFD71F983" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C287E5FFE1631E4594F9DDFD71F983" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C287E5FFE1631E4594F9DDFD71F983" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<subSubSection id="C3716578FFE1631D4594F9DDFA5FF9DB" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD436F3FFE1631D4594F9DDFAC1F98C" blockId="1.[945,1293,1574,1599]" box="[945,1293,1574,1599]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<heading id="D09C819FFFE1631D4594F9DDFAC1F98C" box="[945,1293,1574,1599]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D70FFE1631D4594F9DDFB54F98C" authority="Li &amp; Cai" authorityName="Li &amp; Cai" authorityYear="2024" box="[945,1176,1574,1599]" class="Insecta" family="Bothrideridae" genus="Alveoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91FEAE1FFE1631D4594F9DDFBE1F98C" box="[945,1069,1574,1599]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Alveoderes</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B91FEAE1FFE1631D4211F9DDFB54F98C" bold="true" box="[1076,1176,1574,1599]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Li &amp; Cai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B91FEAE1FFE1631D4285F9DDFAC1F98C" bold="true" box="[1184,1293,1574,1599]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22C579AFFE1631D4285F9DDFAC1F98C" box="[1184,1293,1574,1599]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436F3FFE1631D450FF9A9FA5FF9DB" blockId="1.[810,1427,1618,1640]" box="[810,1427,1618,1640]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="B91FEAE1FFE1631D450FF9A9FA5FF9DB" bold="true" box="[810,1427,1618,1640]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
https://zoobank.org/
<uuid id="FFCD0C26FFE1631D45D1F9A9FA5FF9DB" box="[1012,1427,1618,1640]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">E3511CF6-7C14-49C4-B488-09FC928B12A6</uuid>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3716578FFE1631E4540F980FD71F983" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD436F3FFE1631D4540F980FB84F902" blockId="1.[807,1429,1659,1780]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<typeStatus id="54D08851FFE1631D4540F980FC54F923" box="[869,920,1659,1680]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Type</typeStatus>
species.
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D70FFE1631D45CBF980FB02F923" authorityName="Li &amp; Cai" authorityYear="2024" box="[1006,1230,1659,1680]" class="Insecta" family="Bothrideridae" genus="Alveoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yamamotoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91FEAE1FFE1631D45CBF980FB02F923" box="[1006,1230,1659,1680]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Alveoderes yamamotoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22C579AFFE1631D42F0F980FAEDF923" box="[1237,1313,1659,1680]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, by present designation and monotypy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436F3FFE1631E4540F945FDEEFA7F" blockId="1.[807,1429,1659,1780]" lastBlockId="2.[157,779,1196,1584]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Diagnosis. Body elongate. Antennae with 3-segmented club; antennomere 11 conical (
<figureCitation id="13502A76FFE1631D4241F924FB57F947" box="[1124,1179,1759,1780]" captionStart="Figures 513" captionStartId="4.[159,238,1501,1523]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,197,1488]" captionTargetId="figure-115@4.[159,1436,197,1488]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 513. Details of Alveoderes yamamotoi Li &amp; Cai gen. et sp. nov., holotype, NIGP203385, under confocal microscopy: (5) prothorax, dorsal view, with the cavity at anterior pronotal angle indicated (arrowhead); (6) elytral base, dorsal view; (7) elytral apex, dorsal view; (8) head and prothorax, ventral view; (9) mesothorax, ventral view; (10) abdominal base, ventral view; (11) fore leg, showing strongly unequal protibial spurs; (12) mid leg; (13) abdominal apex and hind legs, ventral view. (a111) antennomeres 111, (mstb) mesotibia, (mstc) mesotrochanter, (msts) mesotarsus, (mtc) metacoxa, (mttb) metatibia, (mttc) metatrochanter, (mtv) metaventrite, (pc) procoxa, (pf) profemur, (ps) prosternum, (ptb) protibia, (ptc) protrochanter, (pts) protarsus, (sc) scutellum, (v15) ventrites 15. Scale bars: 100 Μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176691/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). Pronotum (
<figureCitation id="13502A76FFE1631D4307F924FA95F947" box="[1314,1369,1759,1780]" captionStart="Figures 513" captionStartId="4.[159,238,1501,1523]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,197,1488]" captionTargetId="figure-115@4.[159,1436,197,1488]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 513. Details of Alveoderes yamamotoi Li &amp; Cai gen. et sp. nov., holotype, NIGP203385, under confocal microscopy: (5) prothorax, dorsal view, with the cavity at anterior pronotal angle indicated (arrowhead); (6) elytral base, dorsal view; (7) elytral apex, dorsal view; (8) head and prothorax, ventral view; (9) mesothorax, ventral view; (10) abdominal base, ventral view; (11) fore leg, showing strongly unequal protibial spurs; (12) mid leg; (13) abdominal apex and hind legs, ventral view. (a111) antennomeres 111, (mstb) mesotibia, (mstc) mesotrochanter, (msts) mesotarsus, (mtc) metacoxa, (mttb) metatibia, (mttc) metatrochanter, (mtv) metaventrite, (pc) procoxa, (pf) profemur, (ps) prosternum, (ptb) protibia, (ptc) protrochanter, (pts) protarsus, (sc) scutellum, (v15) ventrites 15. Scale bars: 100 Μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176691/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) with oval cavity at each anterior pronotal angle; disc with median longitudinal groove, posteriorly open and posterolaterally bordered by distinct posteriorly directed projections. Procoxae subcontiguous (
<figureCitation id="13502A76FFE2631E47B0FAEBFE18FA96" box="[405,468,1296,1317]" captionStart="Figures 513" captionStartId="4.[159,238,1501,1523]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,197,1488]" captionTargetId="figure-115@4.[159,1436,197,1488]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 513. Details of Alveoderes yamamotoi Li &amp; Cai gen. et sp. nov., holotype, NIGP203385, under confocal microscopy: (5) prothorax, dorsal view, with the cavity at anterior pronotal angle indicated (arrowhead); (6) elytral base, dorsal view; (7) elytral apex, dorsal view; (8) head and prothorax, ventral view; (9) mesothorax, ventral view; (10) abdominal base, ventral view; (11) fore leg, showing strongly unequal protibial spurs; (12) mid leg; (13) abdominal apex and hind legs, ventral view. (a111) antennomeres 111, (mstb) mesotibia, (mstc) mesotrochanter, (msts) mesotarsus, (mtc) metacoxa, (mttb) metatibia, (mttc) metatrochanter, (mtv) metaventrite, (pc) procoxa, (pf) profemur, (ps) prosternum, (ptb) protibia, (ptc) protrochanter, (pts) protarsus, (sc) scutellum, (v15) ventrites 15. Scale bars: 100 Μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176691/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). Scutellar shield anteriorly emarginate (
<figureCitation id="13502A76FFE2631E4701FAC9FE93FAF4" box="[292,351,1330,1351]" captionStart="Figures 513" captionStartId="4.[159,238,1501,1523]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,197,1488]" captionTargetId="figure-115@4.[159,1436,197,1488]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 513. Details of Alveoderes yamamotoi Li &amp; Cai gen. et sp. nov., holotype, NIGP203385, under confocal microscopy: (5) prothorax, dorsal view, with the cavity at anterior pronotal angle indicated (arrowhead); (6) elytral base, dorsal view; (7) elytral apex, dorsal view; (8) head and prothorax, ventral view; (9) mesothorax, ventral view; (10) abdominal base, ventral view; (11) fore leg, showing strongly unequal protibial spurs; (12) mid leg; (13) abdominal apex and hind legs, ventral view. (a111) antennomeres 111, (mstb) mesotibia, (mstc) mesotrochanter, (msts) mesotarsus, (mtc) metacoxa, (mttb) metatibia, (mttc) metatrochanter, (mtv) metaventrite, (pc) procoxa, (pf) profemur, (ps) prosternum, (ptb) protibia, (ptc) protrochanter, (pts) protarsus, (sc) scutellum, (v15) ventrites 15. Scale bars: 100 Μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176691/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). Elytra each with one short longitudinal ridge at base (
<figureCitation id="13502A76FFE2631E470EFAA8FEAEFADB" box="[299,354,1363,1384]" captionStart="Figures 513" captionStartId="4.[159,238,1501,1523]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,197,1488]" captionTargetId="figure-115@4.[159,1436,197,1488]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 513. Details of Alveoderes yamamotoi Li &amp; Cai gen. et sp. nov., holotype, NIGP203385, under confocal microscopy: (5) prothorax, dorsal view, with the cavity at anterior pronotal angle indicated (arrowhead); (6) elytral base, dorsal view; (7) elytral apex, dorsal view; (8) head and prothorax, ventral view; (9) mesothorax, ventral view; (10) abdominal base, ventral view; (11) fore leg, showing strongly unequal protibial spurs; (12) mid leg; (13) abdominal apex and hind legs, ventral view. (a111) antennomeres 111, (mstb) mesotibia, (mstc) mesotrochanter, (msts) mesotarsus, (mtc) metacoxa, (mttb) metatibia, (mttc) metatrochanter, (mtv) metaventrite, (pc) procoxa, (pf) profemur, (ps) prosternum, (ptb) protibia, (ptc) protrochanter, (pts) protarsus, (sc) scutellum, (v15) ventrites 15. Scale bars: 100 Μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176691/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). Mesoventrite with longitudinal carinae (
<figureCitation id="13502A76FFE2631E4681FA8FFF2EFA3A" box="[164,226,1396,1417]" captionStart="Figures 513" captionStartId="4.[159,238,1501,1523]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,197,1488]" captionTargetId="figure-115@4.[159,1436,197,1488]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 513. Details of Alveoderes yamamotoi Li &amp; Cai gen. et sp. nov., holotype, NIGP203385, under confocal microscopy: (5) prothorax, dorsal view, with the cavity at anterior pronotal angle indicated (arrowhead); (6) elytral base, dorsal view; (7) elytral apex, dorsal view; (8) head and prothorax, ventral view; (9) mesothorax, ventral view; (10) abdominal base, ventral view; (11) fore leg, showing strongly unequal protibial spurs; (12) mid leg; (13) abdominal apex and hind legs, ventral view. (a111) antennomeres 111, (mstb) mesotibia, (mstc) mesotrochanter, (msts) mesotarsus, (mtc) metacoxa, (mttb) metatibia, (mttc) metatrochanter, (mtv) metaventrite, (pc) procoxa, (pf) profemur, (ps) prosternum, (ptb) protibia, (ptc) protrochanter, (pts) protarsus, (sc) scutellum, (v15) ventrites 15. Scale bars: 100 Μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176691/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). Protibial spurs unequal; one being enlarged and strongly curved (
<figureCitation id="13502A76FFE2631E4769FA6DFE5CFA18" box="[332,400,1430,1451]" captionStart="Figures 513" captionStartId="4.[159,238,1501,1523]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,197,1488]" captionTargetId="figure-115@4.[159,1436,197,1488]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 513. Details of Alveoderes yamamotoi Li &amp; Cai gen. et sp. nov., holotype, NIGP203385, under confocal microscopy: (5) prothorax, dorsal view, with the cavity at anterior pronotal angle indicated (arrowhead); (6) elytral base, dorsal view; (7) elytral apex, dorsal view; (8) head and prothorax, ventral view; (9) mesothorax, ventral view; (10) abdominal base, ventral view; (11) fore leg, showing strongly unequal protibial spurs; (12) mid leg; (13) abdominal apex and hind legs, ventral view. (a111) antennomeres 111, (mstb) mesotibia, (mstc) mesotrochanter, (msts) mesotarsus, (mtc) metacoxa, (mttb) metatibia, (mttc) metatrochanter, (mtv) metaventrite, (pc) procoxa, (pf) profemur, (ps) prosternum, (ptb) protibia, (ptc) protrochanter, (pts) protarsus, (sc) scutellum, (v15) ventrites 15. Scale bars: 100 Μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176691/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). Abdominal ventrite 1 with broadly angulate intercoxal process (
<figureCitation id="13502A76FFE2631E47E8FA4CFDD9FA7F" box="[461,533,1463,1484]" captionStart="Figures 513" captionStartId="4.[159,238,1501,1523]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,197,1488]" captionTargetId="figure-115@4.[159,1436,197,1488]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 513. Details of Alveoderes yamamotoi Li &amp; Cai gen. et sp. nov., holotype, NIGP203385, under confocal microscopy: (5) prothorax, dorsal view, with the cavity at anterior pronotal angle indicated (arrowhead); (6) elytral base, dorsal view; (7) elytral apex, dorsal view; (8) head and prothorax, ventral view; (9) mesothorax, ventral view; (10) abdominal base, ventral view; (11) fore leg, showing strongly unequal protibial spurs; (12) mid leg; (13) abdominal apex and hind legs, ventral view. (a111) antennomeres 111, (mstb) mesotibia, (mstc) mesotrochanter, (msts) mesotarsus, (mtc) metacoxa, (mttb) metatibia, (mttc) metatrochanter, (mtv) metaventrite, (pc) procoxa, (pf) profemur, (ps) prosternum, (ptb) protibia, (ptc) protrochanter, (pts) protarsus, (sc) scutellum, (v15) ventrites 15. Scale bars: 100 Μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176691/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD436F3FFE2631E46BAFBC5FD0CFBC7" blockId="2.[158,1436,1086,1140]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B91FEAE1FFE2631E46BAFBC5FE29FBE7" bold="true" box="[159,485,1086,1108]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figures 12. General habitus of</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D70FFE2631E47CCFBC5FCE9FBE7" authority="Li &amp; Cai" authorityName="Li &amp; Cai" authorityYear="2024" box="[489,805,1086,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Bothrideridae" genus="Alveoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yamamotoi" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91FEAE1FFE2631E47CCFBC5FD00FBE7" box="[489,716,1086,1108]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Alveoderes yamamotoi</emphasis>
Li &amp; Cai
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22C579AFFE2631E450EFBC5FC09FBE7" box="[811,965,1086,1108]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, NIGP203385, under incident light: (1) dorsal view; (2) ventral view. Scale bars: 500 Μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD436F3FFE2631E46FEFA23FD71F983" blockId="2.[157,779,1196,1584]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Etymology. The generic name is formed based on the Latin “
<emphasis id="B91FEAE1FFE2631E46C6FA01FEEDF9BC" box="[227,289,1530,1551]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">alveus</emphasis>
”, cavity, and“
<emphasis id="B91FEAE1FFE2631E478EFA01FE13F9BC" box="[427,479,1530,1551]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">deres</emphasis>
”, a common suffix for genera in
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D70FFE2631E469DF9E0FE83F983" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1845" box="[184,335,1563,1584]" class="Insecta" family="Bothrideridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Bothrideridae</taxonomicName>
. The name is masculine in gender.
</paragraph>
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<mods:title id="E8CA277FBE57438757BC21D9097BCCFE">AlveOderes gen. nov., the earliest fossil of Bothrideridae from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (Coleoptera: Coccinelloidea)</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D70FFE2631E46CFF9ACFD93F9C3" authority="Li &amp; Cai" authorityName="Li &amp; Cai" authorityYear="2024" box="[234,607,1623,1648]" class="Insecta" family="Bothrideridae" genus="Alveoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yamamotoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91FEAE1FFE2631E46CFF9ACFE3FF9C3" box="[234,499,1623,1648]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Alveoderes yamamotoi</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B91FEAE1FFE2631E47DEF9ACFD93F9C3" bold="true" box="[507,607,1623,1648]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Li &amp; Cai</emphasis>
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<figureCitation id="13502A76FFE2631E4786F97EFDCAF928" box="[419,518,1669,1691]" captionStart-0="Figures 12" captionStart-1="Figures 34" captionStart-2="Figures 513" captionStartId-0="2.[159,238,1086,1108]" captionStartId-1="3.[149,228,1093,1115]" captionStartId-2="4.[159,238,1501,1523]" captionTargetBox-0="[177,1424,197,1073]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1428,197,1082]" captionTargetBox-2="[159,1436,197,1488]" captionTargetId-0="figure-291@2.[159,1436,194,1073]" captionTargetId-1="figure-275@3.[151,1428,197,1082]" captionTargetId-2="figure-115@4.[159,1436,197,1488]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="Figures 12. General habitus of Alveoderes yamamotoi Li &amp; Cai gen. et sp. nov., holotype, NIGP203385, under incident light: (1) dorsal view; (2) ventral view. Scale bars: 500 Μm." captionText-1="Figures 34. General habitus of Alveoderes yamamotoi Li &amp; Cai gen. et sp. nov., holotype, NIGP203385, under confocal microscopy: (3) dorsal view; (4) ventral view. Scale bars: 500 Μm." captionText-2="Figures 513. Details of Alveoderes yamamotoi Li &amp; Cai gen. et sp. nov., holotype, NIGP203385, under confocal microscopy: (5) prothorax, dorsal view, with the cavity at anterior pronotal angle indicated (arrowhead); (6) elytral base, dorsal view; (7) elytral apex, dorsal view; (8) head and prothorax, ventral view; (9) mesothorax, ventral view; (10) abdominal base, ventral view; (11) fore leg, showing strongly unequal protibial spurs; (12) mid leg; (13) abdominal apex and hind legs, ventral view. (a111) antennomeres 111, (mstb) mesotibia, (mstc) mesotrochanter, (msts) mesotarsus, (mtc) metacoxa, (mttb) metatibia, (mttc) metatrochanter, (mtv) metaventrite, (pc) procoxa, (pf) profemur, (ps) prosternum, (ptb) protibia, (ptc) protrochanter, (pts) protarsus, (sc) scutellum, (v15) ventrites 15. Scale bars: 100 Μm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176685" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176689" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176691" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13176685/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13176689/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13176691/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B91FEAE1FFE2631E4786F97EFDCAF928" bold="true" box="[419,518,1669,1691]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 113</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B91FEAE1FFE2631E4687F94FFCC4F979" bold="true" box="[162,776,1716,1738]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
https://zoobank.org/
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<materialsCitation id="3B033CAEFFE2631E46FEF91BFDF0F946" box="[219,572,1760,1781]" collectionCode="NIGP" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" specimenCode="NIGP203385" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
Material.
<typeStatus id="54D08851FFE2631E4764F91BFE69F946" box="[321,421,1760,1781]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
,
<specimenCode id="DBCD9E88FFE2631E478AF91BFDF4F946" box="[431,568,1760,1781]" collectionCode="NIGP" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/j51y-avsb" name="Naking Institute of Geology and Palaeontology" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">NIGP203385</specimenCode>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436F3FFE2631E4548FB57FAA7FA96" blockId="2.[814,1438,1196,1784]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Locality and horizon. Amber mine located near Noije Bum Village, Tanai Township, Myitkyina District,
<collectingRegion id="49AFF811FFE2631E433FFB35FA56FB50" box="[1306,1434,1230,1251]" country="Myanmar" name="Kachin" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Kachin State</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37C7663FFE2631E450BFB14FC5AFAB7" box="[814,918,1263,1284]" name="Myanmar" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
; unnamed horizon, mid-Cretaceous, Upper Albian to Lower Cenomanian (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B02FFE2631E4201FAEBFB79FA96" author="Shi G &amp; Grimaldi DA &amp; Harlow GE &amp; Wang J &amp; Wang J &amp; Yang M" box="[1060,1205,1296,1317]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="155 - 163" refId="ref6462" refString="Shi G, Grimaldi DA, Harlow GE, Wang J, Wang J, Yang M, et al. (2012) Age constraint on Burmese amber based on U - Pb dating of zircons. Cretaceous Research 37: 155 - 163. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2012.03.014" type="journal article" year="2012">Shi et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B02FFE2631E429AFAEBFA93FA96" author="Mao Y &amp; Liang K &amp; Su Y &amp; Li J &amp; Rao X &amp; Zhang H &amp; Xia F &amp; Fu Y &amp; Cai C &amp; Huang D" box="[1215,1375,1296,1317]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="91 - 103" refId="ref5632" refString="Mao Y, Liang K, Su Y, Li J, Rao X, Zhang H, Xia F, Fu Y, Cai C, Huang D (2018) Various amberground marine animals on Burmese amber with discussions on its age. Palaeoentomology 1: 91 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / palaeoentomology. 1.1.11" type="journal article" year="2018">Mao et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436F3FFE2631E4548FAC9FB5DFAF4" blockId="2.[814,1438,1196,1784]" box="[877,1169,1330,1351]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis. As for the genus.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436F3FFE2631E4548FAA8FB06FA3A" blockId="2.[814,1438,1196,1784]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Description. Body elongate, about
<quantity id="4C939B16FFE2631E42C2FAA8FAF5FADB" box="[1255,1337,1363,1384]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4C939B16FFE2631E435BFAA8FC97FA3A" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
wide; surface with scattered setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436F3FFE2631E4548FA6DFB61F983" blockId="2.[814,1438,1196,1784]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Head declined at base. Compound eyes with short interfacetal setae. Antennae likely 11-segmented; antennomere 1 robust; antennomere 2 wider than 3; antennomeres 38 submoniliform to subfiliform; antennomeres 911 forming loose club; antennomere 11 conical.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436F3FFE2631F4548F9C7FE51FB57" blockId="2.[814,1438,1196,1784]" lastBlockId="3.[149,772,1198,1786]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Pronotal disc about 1.1 times as long as wide, widest anteriorly; surface with median longitudinal groove, about 0.8 times as long as pronotal length, anteriorly acute, gradually widened backwards, posteriorly open, posterolaterally bordered by distinct posteriorly directed projections; anteri- or pronotal angles each with a distinct oval cavity (possibly a glandular opening). Procoxae subcontiguous (status of coxal cavities unknown).</paragraph>
<caption id="DF14667BFFE3631F46B0FBBEFCF3FBC8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176689" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13176689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176689/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[149,228,1093,1115]" targetBox="[151,1428,197,1082]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD436F3FFE3631F46B0FBBEFCF3FBC8" blockId="3.[149,1428,1093,1147]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B91FEAE1FFE3631F46B0FBBEFE25FBE8" bold="true" box="[149,489,1093,1115]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figures 34. General habitus of</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D70FFE3631F47D6FBBEFCF1FBE8" authority="Li &amp; Cai" authorityName="Li &amp; Cai" authorityYear="2024" box="[499,829,1093,1115]" class="Insecta" family="Bothrideridae" genus="Alveoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yamamotoi" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91FEAE1FFE3631F47D6FBBEFD16FBE8" box="[499,730,1093,1115]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Alveoderes yamamotoi</emphasis>
Li &amp; Cai
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22C579AFFE3631F4560FBBEFC26FBE8" box="[837,1002,1093,1115]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, NIGP203385, under confocal microscopy: (3) dorsal view; (4) ventral view. Scale bars: 500 Μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD436F3FFE3631F46F1FB0AFE3CF9C7" blockId="3.[149,772,1198,1786]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Scutellar shield elongated oval, anteriorly emarginate. Elytra elongate; surface with indistinct rows of fine punctures; one distinct longitudinal ridge present at base of elytron, anteriorly opposite to respective projection on pronotum, shorter than 1/4 elytral length, gradually weakened posteriorly; elytral humeri distinctly ridged; epipleura narrow. Mesoventrite with median carina and paired parallel carinae continuous with edges of mesoventral process. Mesocoxal cavities narrowly separated. Metaventrite anteromedially slightly tumid, without clear median discrimen; katepisternal suture absent. Metacoxae suboval, moderately separated, laterally separated from elytra by metanepisternum.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436F3FFE3631F46F1F97AFA5BFB57" blockId="3.[149,772,1198,1786]" lastBlockId="3.[807,1431,1198,1552]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Legs well-developed, slender. Trochanters relatively reduced and somewhat concealed. Tibiae with two or three weak spines along outer margin; protibiae with strongly unequal spurs; one being enlarged and strongly curved; meso- and metatibiae with paired equal spurs. Tarsi all 4-segmented; tarsomeres simple, unlobed. Pretarsal claws simple.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436F3FFE3631F4540FB0AFA4FFAFB" blockId="3.[807,1431,1198,1552]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Abdomen with five ventrites. Ratio of ventrite lengths along middle: 5.2:2.0:1.0:1.1:2.0. Ventrite 1 with intercoxal process apically broadly angulate; postcoxal lines absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436F3FFE3631F4540FAAEFBD4FA38" blockId="3.[807,1431,1198,1552]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Etymology. The species is named after the coleopterist Dr. Shûhei Yamamoto.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436F3FFE3631F4540FA6CFB87F9A3" blockId="3.[807,1431,1198,1552]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Remarks. The antennomere 11 of the left antenna is not preserved in the specimen. The prosternal process cannot be observed, and the state of procoxal cavities cannot be confidently determined.</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7A0EAC0343DD14FCEA0F422AA7FB88" authority="Tsuneki, 1989" authorityName="Tsuneki" authorityYear="1989" box="[821,1431,892,917]" class="Insecta" family="Pompilidae" genus="Atopopompilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="daedalus" subSpecies="taiwanianus">
<emphasis id="B90EA93D0343DD14FCEA0F422BDFFB88" box="[821,1263,892,917]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Atopopompilus daedalus taiwanianus</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B90EA93D0343DD14FB2A0F422AA7FB88" bold="true" box="[1269,1431,892,917]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tsuneki, 1989</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B90EA93D0343DD14FAA70F882CC2FBF4" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">, female and male.</emphasis>
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Distribution. Oriental region:
<collectingCountry id="F36D35BF0343DD14FB760FC22BD8FC0C" box="[1193,1256,1020,1041]" name="China" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">China</collectingCountry>
(
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.
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<figureCitation id="318B2692FFF2FFC01997064CDAFCF068" box="[411,511,1545,1567]" captionStart-0="Figures 19" captionStart-1="Figures 1016" captionStartId-0="2.[159,238,1670,1692]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,230,1663,1685]" captionTargetBox-0="[239,1357,197,1655]" captionTargetBox-1="[323,1263,203,1646]" captionTargetId-0="figure-72@2.[238,1357,197,1656]" captionTargetId-1="figure-73@3.[317,1263,197,1648]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="Figures 19. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., male: (1) habitus, lateral view; (2) habitus, dorsal view (antennae and legs not depicted); (3) pygofer, lateral view; (4) valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; (5) connective, style, and paraphyses, dorsal view; (6) style, variation, dorsal view; (7) aedeagus and anal tube, lateral view; (8) aedeagus and anal tube, ventral view; (9) paraphyses, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 = 1 mm, 3 = 0.5 mm." captionText-1="Figures 1016. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., female: (10) apical portion of abdomen, lateral view; (11) terminalia, ventral view; (12) valvula I, lateral view (base of ramus incomplete); (13) apex of valvula I at higher magnification, lateral view, showing dorsal and ventral sculptured areas; (14) valvulae II, lateral view (bases not depicted); (15) teeth of valvula II at higher magnification, lateral view, showing denticles; (16) gonoplac, lateral view. Scale bar: 10 = 1 mm." pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<figureCitation id="318B2692FFF2FFC01997064CDAFCF068" box="[411,511,1545,1567]" captionStart-0="Figures 19" captionStart-1="Figures 1016" captionStartId-0="2.[159,238,1670,1692]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,230,1663,1685]" captionTargetBox-0="[239,1357,197,1655]" captionTargetBox-1="[323,1263,203,1646]" captionTargetId-0="figure-72@2.[238,1357,197,1656]" captionTargetId-1="figure-73@3.[317,1263,197,1648]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="Figures 19. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., male: (1) habitus, lateral view; (2) habitus, dorsal view (antennae and legs not depicted); (3) pygofer, lateral view; (4) valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; (5) connective, style, and paraphyses, dorsal view; (6) style, variation, dorsal view; (7) aedeagus and anal tube, lateral view; (8) aedeagus and anal tube, ventral view; (9) paraphyses, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 = 1 mm, 3 = 0.5 mm." captionText-1="Figures 1016. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., female: (10) apical portion of abdomen, lateral view; (11) terminalia, ventral view; (12) valvula I, lateral view (base of ramus incomplete); (13) apex of valvula I at higher magnification, lateral view, showing dorsal and ventral sculptured areas; (14) valvulae II, lateral view (bases not depicted); (15) teeth of valvula II at higher magnification, lateral view, showing denticles; (16) gonoplac, lateral view. Scale bar: 10 = 1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176268" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176270" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13176268/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13176270/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="9BC4E605FFF2FFC01997064CDAFCF068" bold="true" box="[411,511,1545,1567]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs 116</emphasis>
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@ -116,34 +117,34 @@ Description. Total length: male
Male
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. Body (
<figureCitation id="318B2692FFF2FFC019B90680D905F0AD" box="[437,518,1733,1754]" captionStart="Figures 19" captionStartId="2.[159,238,1670,1692]" captionTargetBox="[239,1357,197,1655]" captionTargetId="figure-72@2.[238,1357,197,1656]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 19. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., male: (1) habitus, lateral view; (2) habitus, dorsal view (antennae and legs not depicted); (3) pygofer, lateral view; (4) valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; (5) connective, style, and paraphyses, dorsal view; (6) style, variation, dorsal view; (7) aedeagus and anal tube, lateral view; (8) aedeagus and anal tube, ventral view; (9) paraphyses, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 = 1 mm, 3 = 0.5 mm." pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs 1, 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="318B2692FFF2FFC019B90680D905F0AD" box="[437,518,1733,1754]" captionStart="Figures 19" captionStartId="2.[159,238,1670,1692]" captionTargetBox="[239,1357,197,1655]" captionTargetId="figure-72@2.[238,1357,197,1656]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 19. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., male: (1) habitus, lateral view; (2) habitus, dorsal view (antennae and legs not depicted); (3) pygofer, lateral view; (4) valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; (5) connective, style, and paraphyses, dorsal view; (6) style, variation, dorsal view; (7) aedeagus and anal tube, lateral view; (8) aedeagus and anal tube, ventral view; (9) paraphyses, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 = 1 mm, 3 = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176268/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs 1, 2</figureCitation>
), in lateral view, distinctly flattened dorsoventrally in comparison with most sharpshooters. Head (
<figureCitation id="318B2692FFF2FFC01BD50082DF15F6AB" box="[985,1046,199,220]" captionStart="Figures 19" captionStartId="2.[159,238,1670,1692]" captionTargetBox="[239,1357,197,1655]" captionTargetId="figure-72@2.[238,1357,197,1656]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 19. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., male: (1) habitus, lateral view; (2) habitus, dorsal view (antennae and legs not depicted); (3) pygofer, lateral view; (4) valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; (5) connective, style, and paraphyses, dorsal view; (6) style, variation, dorsal view; (7) aedeagus and anal tube, lateral view; (8) aedeagus and anal tube, ventral view; (9) paraphyses, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 = 1 mm, 3 = 0.5 mm." pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="318B2692FFF2FFC01BD50082DF15F6AB" box="[985,1046,199,220]" captionStart="Figures 19" captionStartId="2.[159,238,1670,1692]" captionTargetBox="[239,1357,197,1655]" captionTargetId="figure-72@2.[238,1357,197,1656]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 19. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., male: (1) habitus, lateral view; (2) habitus, dorsal view (antennae and legs not depicted); (3) pygofer, lateral view; (4) valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; (5) connective, style, and paraphyses, dorsal view; (6) style, variation, dorsal view; (7) aedeagus and anal tube, lateral view; (8) aedeagus and anal tube, ventral view; (9) paraphyses, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 = 1 mm, 3 = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176268/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
), in dorsal view, strongly produced anteriorly; median length of crown approximately equal to interocular width and 6/10 of transocular width; anterior margin narrowly rounded; with distinct and elevated carina at transition from crown to face; ocelli located distinctly before line between anterior eye angles, each closer to median line of crown than to adjacent eye angle; surface of crown distinctly depressed; eyes, in dorsal view, oblong; frontogenal suture extending onto crown and attaining ocellus. Antennal ledge, in dorsal view, not protuberant, its outer margin slightly rounded and carinate; in lateral view, with anterior margin approximately rectilinear and oblique. Face without pubescence; frons flattened medially, muscle impressions distinct; epistomal suture obsolete medially; clypeus flattened, its contour continuing profile of frons, apex convex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A90F3A17FFF2FFC01B690298D8F3F2D4" blockId="1.[807,1431,199,1787]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Thorax (
<figureCitation id="318B2692FFF2FFC01BC90298DF07F485" box="[965,1028,733,754]" captionStart="Figures 19" captionStartId="2.[159,238,1670,1692]" captionTargetBox="[239,1357,197,1655]" captionTargetId="figure-72@2.[238,1357,197,1656]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 19. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., male: (1) habitus, lateral view; (2) habitus, dorsal view (antennae and legs not depicted); (3) pygofer, lateral view; (4) valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; (5) connective, style, and paraphyses, dorsal view; (6) style, variation, dorsal view; (7) aedeagus and anal tube, lateral view; (8) aedeagus and anal tube, ventral view; (9) paraphyses, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 = 1 mm, 3 = 0.5 mm." pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="318B2692FFF2FFC01BC90298DF07F485" box="[965,1028,733,754]" captionStart="Figures 19" captionStartId="2.[159,238,1670,1692]" captionTargetBox="[239,1357,197,1655]" captionTargetId="figure-72@2.[238,1357,197,1656]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 19. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., male: (1) habitus, lateral view; (2) habitus, dorsal view (antennae and legs not depicted); (3) pygofer, lateral view; (4) valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; (5) connective, style, and paraphyses, dorsal view; (6) style, variation, dorsal view; (7) aedeagus and anal tube, lateral view; (8) aedeagus and anal tube, ventral view; (9) paraphyses, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 = 1 mm, 3 = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176268/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) with pronotal width approximately equal to transocular width of head; lateral pronotal margins slightly convergent anteriorly; posterior margin concave, sinuous; central portion of disk of pronotum with transverse rugae, except anteriorly; dorsolateral carina complete, rectilinear, declivous anterad. Mesonotum with scutellum not distinctly striate. Forewing without distinct apical membrane; veins indistinct, not elevated; with four apical cells, base of fourth more proximal than base of third; three anteapical cells, their bases obscure. Hind wing with vein R2+3 incomplete. Hind leg with femoral setal formula 2.1.1; length of first tarsomere greater than combined length of second and third, with two parallel rows of distinct setae on plantar surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A90F3A17FFF2FFC51B6904EADA87F7F4" blockId="1.[807,1431,199,1787]" lastBlockId="4.[157,781,199,1787]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Male terminalia with pygofer (
<figureCitation id="318B2692FFF2FFC01CA004EADFE5F2B3" box="[1196,1254,1199,1220]" captionStart="Figures 19" captionStartId="2.[159,238,1670,1692]" captionTargetBox="[239,1357,197,1655]" captionTargetId="figure-72@2.[238,1357,197,1656]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 19. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., male: (1) habitus, lateral view; (2) habitus, dorsal view (antennae and legs not depicted); (3) pygofer, lateral view; (4) valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; (5) connective, style, and paraphyses, dorsal view; (6) style, variation, dorsal view; (7) aedeagus and anal tube, lateral view; (8) aedeagus and anal tube, ventral view; (9) paraphyses, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 = 1 mm, 3 = 0.5 mm." pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="318B2692FFF2FFC01CA004EADFE5F2B3" box="[1196,1254,1199,1220]" captionStart="Figures 19" captionStartId="2.[159,238,1670,1692]" captionTargetBox="[239,1357,197,1655]" captionTargetId="figure-72@2.[238,1357,197,1656]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 19. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., male: (1) habitus, lateral view; (2) habitus, dorsal view (antennae and legs not depicted); (3) pygofer, lateral view; (4) valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; (5) connective, style, and paraphyses, dorsal view; (6) style, variation, dorsal view; (7) aedeagus and anal tube, lateral view; (8) aedeagus and anal tube, ventral view; (9) paraphyses, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 = 1 mm, 3 = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176268/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
), in lateral view, well produced posteriorly; lacking processes; posterior margin broadly rounded; ventral margin with basal emargination; macrosetae distributed mostly on posterior half of disk. Valve (
<figureCitation id="318B2692FFF2FFC01BAE0570D8DFF33D" box="[930,988,1333,1354]" captionStart="Figures 19" captionStartId="2.[159,238,1670,1692]" captionTargetBox="[239,1357,197,1655]" captionTargetId="figure-72@2.[238,1357,197,1656]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 19. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., male: (1) habitus, lateral view; (2) habitus, dorsal view (antennae and legs not depicted); (3) pygofer, lateral view; (4) valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; (5) connective, style, and paraphyses, dorsal view; (6) style, variation, dorsal view; (7) aedeagus and anal tube, lateral view; (8) aedeagus and anal tube, ventral view; (9) paraphyses, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 = 1 mm, 3 = 0.5 mm." pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="318B2692FFF2FFC01BAE0570D8DFF33D" box="[930,988,1333,1354]" captionStart="Figures 19" captionStartId="2.[159,238,1670,1692]" captionTargetBox="[239,1357,197,1655]" captionTargetId="figure-72@2.[238,1357,197,1656]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 19. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., male: (1) habitus, lateral view; (2) habitus, dorsal view (antennae and legs not depicted); (3) pygofer, lateral view; (4) valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; (5) connective, style, and paraphyses, dorsal view; (6) style, variation, dorsal view; (7) aedeagus and anal tube, lateral view; (8) aedeagus and anal tube, ventral view; (9) paraphyses, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 = 1 mm, 3 = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176268/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
), in ventral view, subrectangular; anterior margin distinctly emarginate. Subgenital plate (
<figureCitation id="318B2692FFF2FFC01D210513DE69F31C" box="[1325,1386,1366,1387]" captionStart="Figures 19" captionStartId="2.[159,238,1670,1692]" captionTargetBox="[239,1357,197,1655]" captionTargetId="figure-72@2.[238,1357,197,1656]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 19. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., male: (1) habitus, lateral view; (2) habitus, dorsal view (antennae and legs not depicted); (3) pygofer, lateral view; (4) valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; (5) connective, style, and paraphyses, dorsal view; (6) style, variation, dorsal view; (7) aedeagus and anal tube, lateral view; (8) aedeagus and anal tube, ventral view; (9) paraphyses, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 = 1 mm, 3 = 0.5 mm." pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="318B2692FFF2FFC01D210513DE69F31C" box="[1325,1386,1366,1387]" captionStart="Figures 19" captionStartId="2.[159,238,1670,1692]" captionTargetBox="[239,1357,197,1655]" captionTargetId="figure-72@2.[238,1357,197,1656]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 19. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., male: (1) habitus, lateral view; (2) habitus, dorsal view (antennae and legs not depicted); (3) pygofer, lateral view; (4) valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; (5) connective, style, and paraphyses, dorsal view; (6) style, variation, dorsal view; (7) aedeagus and anal tube, lateral view; (8) aedeagus and anal tube, ventral view; (9) paraphyses, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 = 1 mm, 3 = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176268/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
), in ventral view, subtriangular, distinctly narrowed on basal half, outer margin rounded at base; few uniseriate macrosetae distributed mostly on basal half; plates separated medially from each other throughout their length; in lateral view, not extending as far posteriorly as pygofer. Connective (
<figureCitation id="318B2692FFF2FFC01B3C065BD86EF044" box="[816,877,1566,1587]" captionStart="Figures 19" captionStartId="2.[159,238,1670,1692]" captionTargetBox="[239,1357,197,1655]" captionTargetId="figure-72@2.[238,1357,197,1656]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 19. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., male: (1) habitus, lateral view; (2) habitus, dorsal view (antennae and legs not depicted); (3) pygofer, lateral view; (4) valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; (5) connective, style, and paraphyses, dorsal view; (6) style, variation, dorsal view; (7) aedeagus and anal tube, lateral view; (8) aedeagus and anal tube, ventral view; (9) paraphyses, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 = 1 mm, 3 = 0.5 mm." pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="318B2692FFF2FFC01B3C065BD86EF044" box="[816,877,1566,1587]" captionStart="Figures 19" captionStartId="2.[159,238,1670,1692]" captionTargetBox="[239,1357,197,1655]" captionTargetId="figure-72@2.[238,1357,197,1656]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 19. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., male: (1) habitus, lateral view; (2) habitus, dorsal view (antennae and legs not depicted); (3) pygofer, lateral view; (4) valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; (5) connective, style, and paraphyses, dorsal view; (6) style, variation, dorsal view; (7) aedeagus and anal tube, lateral view; (8) aedeagus and anal tube, ventral view; (9) paraphyses, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 = 1 mm, 3 = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176268/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) poorly sclerotized; in dorsal view, Y-shaped; stalk slender. Style (
<figureCitation id="318B2692FFF2FFC01BC3067ADF33F023" box="[975,1072,1599,1620]" captionStart="Figures 19" captionStartId="2.[159,238,1670,1692]" captionTargetBox="[239,1357,197,1655]" captionTargetId="figure-72@2.[238,1357,197,1656]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 19. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., male: (1) habitus, lateral view; (2) habitus, dorsal view (antennae and legs not depicted); (3) pygofer, lateral view; (4) valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; (5) connective, style, and paraphyses, dorsal view; (6) style, variation, dorsal view; (7) aedeagus and anal tube, lateral view; (8) aedeagus and anal tube, ventral view; (9) paraphyses, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 = 1 mm, 3 = 0.5 mm." pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs 5, 6</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="318B2692FFF2FFC01BC3067ADF33F023" box="[975,1072,1599,1620]" captionStart="Figures 19" captionStartId="2.[159,238,1670,1692]" captionTargetBox="[239,1357,197,1655]" captionTargetId="figure-72@2.[238,1357,197,1656]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 19. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., male: (1) habitus, lateral view; (2) habitus, dorsal view (antennae and legs not depicted); (3) pygofer, lateral view; (4) valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; (5) connective, style, and paraphyses, dorsal view; (6) style, variation, dorsal view; (7) aedeagus and anal tube, lateral view; (8) aedeagus and anal tube, ventral view; (9) paraphyses, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 = 1 mm, 3 = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176268/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs 5, 6</figureCitation>
), in dorsal view, elongate, with distinct outer preapical projection; outer preapical area with few setae; apical portion digitiform, oblique, directed outwards. Aedeagus (
<figureCitation id="318B2692FFF2FFC01C0406E6DF5FF0CF" box="[1032,1116,1699,1720]" captionStart="Figures 19" captionStartId="2.[159,238,1670,1692]" captionTargetBox="[239,1357,197,1655]" captionTargetId="figure-72@2.[238,1357,197,1656]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 19. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., male: (1) habitus, lateral view; (2) habitus, dorsal view (antennae and legs not depicted); (3) pygofer, lateral view; (4) valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; (5) connective, style, and paraphyses, dorsal view; (6) style, variation, dorsal view; (7) aedeagus and anal tube, lateral view; (8) aedeagus and anal tube, ventral view; (9) paraphyses, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 = 1 mm, 3 = 0.5 mm." pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs 7, 8</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="318B2692FFF2FFC01C0406E6DF5FF0CF" box="[1032,1116,1699,1720]" captionStart="Figures 19" captionStartId="2.[159,238,1670,1692]" captionTargetBox="[239,1357,197,1655]" captionTargetId="figure-72@2.[238,1357,197,1656]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 19. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., male: (1) habitus, lateral view; (2) habitus, dorsal view (antennae and legs not depicted); (3) pygofer, lateral view; (4) valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; (5) connective, style, and paraphyses, dorsal view; (6) style, variation, dorsal view; (7) aedeagus and anal tube, lateral view; (8) aedeagus and anal tube, ventral view; (9) paraphyses, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 = 1 mm, 3 = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176268/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs 7, 8</figureCitation>
) symmetrical; shaft, in lateral view, expanded apically, with dorsoapical digitiform lobe directed posterad, without apical crown of spines; gonoduct distinct, curved ventrally at apical portion; gonopore located preapically. Paraphyses (
<figureCitation id="318B2692FFF7FFC519E200ACD942F689" box="[494,577,233,254]" captionStart="Figures 19" captionStartId="2.[159,238,1670,1692]" captionTargetBox="[239,1357,197,1655]" captionTargetId="figure-72@2.[238,1357,197,1656]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 19. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., male: (1) habitus, lateral view; (2) habitus, dorsal view (antennae and legs not depicted); (3) pygofer, lateral view; (4) valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; (5) connective, style, and paraphyses, dorsal view; (6) style, variation, dorsal view; (7) aedeagus and anal tube, lateral view; (8) aedeagus and anal tube, ventral view; (9) paraphyses, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 = 1 mm, 3 = 0.5 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 5, 9</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="318B2692FFF7FFC519E200ACD942F689" box="[494,577,233,254]" captionStart="Figures 19" captionStartId="2.[159,238,1670,1692]" captionTargetBox="[239,1357,197,1655]" captionTargetId="figure-72@2.[238,1357,197,1656]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 19. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., male: (1) habitus, lateral view; (2) habitus, dorsal view (antennae and legs not depicted); (3) pygofer, lateral view; (4) valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; (5) connective, style, and paraphyses, dorsal view; (6) style, variation, dorsal view; (7) aedeagus and anal tube, lateral view; (8) aedeagus and anal tube, ventral view; (9) paraphyses, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 = 1 mm, 3 = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176268/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 5, 9</figureCitation>
) symmetrical; stalk elongate, connected to stalk of connective; each ramus, in lateral view, strongly expanded dorsally at base and forming poorly sclerotized, slender elongate posterior process with curved distal portion.
</paragraph>
<caption id="FDCF6A9FFFF1FFC3189306C3D825F08B" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" startId="2.[159,238,1670,1692]" targetBox="[239,1357,197,1655]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<caption id="FDCF6A9FFFF1FFC3189306C3D825F08B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176268" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13176268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176268/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" startId="2.[159,238,1670,1692]" targetBox="[239,1357,197,1655]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A90F3A17FFF1FFC3189306C3D825F08B" blockId="2.[157,1436,1670,1788]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="9BC4E605FFF1FFC3189306C3DA1EF0EB" bold="true" box="[159,285,1670,1692]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figures 19.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6EB04194FFF1FFC3192F06C3D90EF0EB" authorityName="Mejdalani &amp; Quintas &amp; Pecly &amp; Froza &amp; Carvalho &amp; Silva" authorityYear="2023" box="[291,525,1670,1692]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Cavichiana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caelivittata" status="sp. nov.">
@ -153,7 +154,7 @@ Male terminalia with pygofer (
, male: (1) habitus, lateral view; (2) habitus, dorsal view (antennae and legs not depicted); (3) pygofer, lateral view; (4) valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; (5) connective, style, and paraphyses, dorsal view; (6) style, variation, dorsal view; (7) aedeagus and anal tube, lateral view; (8) aedeagus and anal tube, ventral view; (9) paraphyses, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 = 1 mm, 3 = 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="FDCF6A9FFFF0FFC2189B063ADFD2F082" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[151,230,1663,1685]" targetBox="[323,1263,203,1646]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<caption id="FDCF6A9FFFF0FFC2189B063ADFD2F082" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176270" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13176270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176270/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[151,230,1663,1685]" targetBox="[323,1263,203,1646]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A90F3A17FFF0FFC2189B063ADFD2F082" blockId="3.[150,1430,1663,1781]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="9BC4E605FFF0FFC2189B063ADA2DF0E2" bold="true" box="[151,302,1663,1685]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figures 1016.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6EB04194FFF0FFC2193E063AD91FF0E2" authorityName="Mejdalani &amp; Quintas &amp; Pecly &amp; Froza &amp; Carvalho &amp; Silva" authorityYear="2023" box="[306,540,1663,1685]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Cavichiana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caelivittata" status="sp. nov.">
@ -165,7 +166,7 @@ Male terminalia with pygofer (
</caption>
<paragraph id="A90F3A17FFF7FFC518D701CAD900F2F5" blockId="4.[157,781,199,1787]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Color (
<figureCitation id="318B2692FFF7FFC5192901CADA82F7D3" box="[293,385,399,420]" captionStart="Figures 19" captionStartId="2.[159,238,1670,1692]" captionTargetBox="[239,1357,197,1655]" captionTargetId="figure-72@2.[238,1357,197,1656]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 19. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., male: (1) habitus, lateral view; (2) habitus, dorsal view (antennae and legs not depicted); (3) pygofer, lateral view; (4) valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; (5) connective, style, and paraphyses, dorsal view; (6) style, variation, dorsal view; (7) aedeagus and anal tube, lateral view; (8) aedeagus and anal tube, ventral view; (9) paraphyses, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 = 1 mm, 3 = 0.5 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 1, 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="318B2692FFF7FFC5192901CADA82F7D3" box="[293,385,399,420]" captionStart="Figures 19" captionStartId="2.[159,238,1670,1692]" captionTargetBox="[239,1357,197,1655]" captionTargetId="figure-72@2.[238,1357,197,1656]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 19. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., male: (1) habitus, lateral view; (2) habitus, dorsal view (antennae and legs not depicted); (3) pygofer, lateral view; (4) valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; (5) connective, style, and paraphyses, dorsal view; (6) style, variation, dorsal view; (7) aedeagus and anal tube, lateral view; (8) aedeagus and anal tube, ventral view; (9) paraphyses, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 = 1 mm, 3 = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176268/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 1, 2</figureCitation>
). Dorsum dark brown to black with pair of broad conspicuous stripes, each one extending from antennal ledge over lateroposterior area of crown, lateral portion of pronotum, basal portion of clavus, and forming elongate arc on corium up to outer margin of first apical cell; this pair of stripes mostly whitish-blue except on crown and anterior portion of pronotum where dirty white hue predominates; inner margin of stripe with small emargination adjacent to ocellus. Crown with two pairs of small dirty white spots, one at apex and another at inner ocellar margins; eyes distinctly red. Forewing with transcommissural, elongate whitish-blue marking on clavus extending from median portion to apex; corium with subtriangular whitish-blue spot at apical portion, extending from costal margin to base of third apical cell. Face, lateral lobe of pronotum, and lateral and ventral areas of mesothorax mostly black; superior portion of frons with median dirty white spot; gena with bluish-white spot adjacent to lorum. Labium, labrum, and legs mostly brownish-yellow. Abdomen dark brown ventrally, posterior margin of sternites and laterotergites tinged with brownish-yellow; pygofer and subgenital plates dark brown, macrosetae yellowish-brown; posterior and ventral margins of pygofer lobes brownish-yellow.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A90F3A17FFF7FFC518D704CBDE39F4D8" blockId="4.[157,781,199,1787]" lastBlockId="4.[815,1439,199,1787]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
@ -174,19 +175,19 @@ Female
. External morphology and color similar to the male
<typeStatus id="760B84B5FFF7FFC5197804EADAD7F2B3" box="[372,468,1199,1220]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. Terminalia with sternite VII (
<figureCitation id="318B2692FFF7FFC518AB0494DA18F291" box="[167,283,1233,1254]" captionStart="Figures 1016" captionStartId="3.[151,230,1663,1685]" captionTargetBox="[323,1263,203,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-73@3.[317,1263,197,1648]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 1016. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., female: (10) apical portion of abdomen, lateral view; (11) terminalia, ventral view; (12) valvula I, lateral view (base of ramus incomplete); (13) apex of valvula I at higher magnification, lateral view, showing dorsal and ventral sculptured areas; (14) valvulae II, lateral view (bases not depicted); (15) teeth of valvula II at higher magnification, lateral view, showing denticles; (16) gonoplac, lateral view. Scale bar: 10 = 1 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 10, 11</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="318B2692FFF7FFC518AB0494DA18F291" box="[167,283,1233,1254]" captionStart="Figures 1016" captionStartId="3.[151,230,1663,1685]" captionTargetBox="[323,1263,203,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-73@3.[317,1263,197,1648]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 1016. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., female: (10) apical portion of abdomen, lateral view; (11) terminalia, ventral view; (12) valvula I, lateral view (base of ramus incomplete); (13) apex of valvula I at higher magnification, lateral view, showing dorsal and ventral sculptured areas; (14) valvulae II, lateral view (bases not depicted); (15) teeth of valvula II at higher magnification, lateral view, showing denticles; (16) gonoplac, lateral view. Scale bar: 10 = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176270/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 10, 11</figureCitation>
), in ventral view, broadly and deeply emarginate posteriorly. “Internal” sternite VIII, in dorsal view, without distinct sclerites. Pygofer (
<figureCitation id="318B2692FFF7FFC51A170556D992F35F" box="[539,657,1299,1320]" captionStart="Figures 1016" captionStartId="3.[151,230,1663,1685]" captionTargetBox="[323,1263,203,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-73@3.[317,1263,197,1648]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 1016. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., female: (10) apical portion of abdomen, lateral view; (11) terminalia, ventral view; (12) valvula I, lateral view (base of ramus incomplete); (13) apex of valvula I at higher magnification, lateral view, showing dorsal and ventral sculptured areas; (14) valvulae II, lateral view (bases not depicted); (15) teeth of valvula II at higher magnification, lateral view, showing denticles; (16) gonoplac, lateral view. Scale bar: 10 = 1 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 10, 11</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="318B2692FFF7FFC51A170556D992F35F" box="[539,657,1299,1320]" captionStart="Figures 1016" captionStartId="3.[151,230,1663,1685]" captionTargetBox="[323,1263,203,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-73@3.[317,1263,197,1648]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 1016. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., female: (10) apical portion of abdomen, lateral view; (11) terminalia, ventral view; (12) valvula I, lateral view (base of ramus incomplete); (13) apex of valvula I at higher magnification, lateral view, showing dorsal and ventral sculptured areas; (14) valvulae II, lateral view (bases not depicted); (15) teeth of valvula II at higher magnification, lateral view, showing denticles; (16) gonoplac, lateral view. Scale bar: 10 = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176270/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 10, 11</figureCitation>
), in lateral view, moderately produced posteriorly; posterior margin narrowly rounded; macrosetae distributed mostly on posterior half and extending anteriorly along ventral margin (those located along ventral margin larger than other ones). Valvifer I, in lateral view, subrectangular. Valvula I (
<figureCitation id="318B2692FFF7FFC51ABB05FFD9FEF3B8" box="[695,765,1466,1487]" captionStart="Figures 1016" captionStartId="3.[151,230,1663,1685]" captionTargetBox="[323,1263,203,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-73@3.[317,1263,197,1648]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 1016. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., female: (10) apical portion of abdomen, lateral view; (11) terminalia, ventral view; (12) valvula I, lateral view (base of ramus incomplete); (13) apex of valvula I at higher magnification, lateral view, showing dorsal and ventral sculptured areas; (14) valvulae II, lateral view (bases not depicted); (15) teeth of valvula II at higher magnification, lateral view, showing denticles; (16) gonoplac, lateral view. Scale bar: 10 = 1 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="318B2692FFF7FFC51ABB05FFD9FEF3B8" box="[695,765,1466,1487]" captionStart="Figures 1016" captionStartId="3.[151,230,1663,1685]" captionTargetBox="[323,1263,203,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-73@3.[317,1263,197,1648]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 1016. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., female: (10) apical portion of abdomen, lateral view; (11) terminalia, ventral view; (12) valvula I, lateral view (base of ramus incomplete); (13) apex of valvula I at higher magnification, lateral view, showing dorsal and ventral sculptured areas; (14) valvulae II, lateral view (bases not depicted); (15) teeth of valvula II at higher magnification, lateral view, showing denticles; (16) gonoplac, lateral view. Scale bar: 10 = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176270/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
), in ventral view, with basal portion slightly expanded and directed outward; in lateral view, blade with apex (
<figureCitation id="318B2692FFF7FFC51AB005B8D800F065" box="[700,771,1533,1554]" captionStart="Figures 1016" captionStartId="3.[151,230,1663,1685]" captionTargetBox="[323,1263,203,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-73@3.[317,1263,197,1648]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 1016. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., female: (10) apical portion of abdomen, lateral view; (11) terminalia, ventral view; (12) valvula I, lateral view (base of ramus incomplete); (13) apex of valvula I at higher magnification, lateral view, showing dorsal and ventral sculptured areas; (14) valvulae II, lateral view (bases not depicted); (15) teeth of valvula II at higher magnification, lateral view, showing denticles; (16) gonoplac, lateral view. Scale bar: 10 = 1 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="318B2692FFF7FFC51AB005B8D800F065" box="[700,771,1533,1554]" captionStart="Figures 1016" captionStartId="3.[151,230,1663,1685]" captionTargetBox="[323,1263,203,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-73@3.[317,1263,197,1648]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 1016. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., female: (10) apical portion of abdomen, lateral view; (11) terminalia, ventral view; (12) valvula I, lateral view (base of ramus incomplete); (13) apex of valvula I at higher magnification, lateral view, showing dorsal and ventral sculptured areas; (14) valvulae II, lateral view (bases not depicted); (15) teeth of valvula II at higher magnification, lateral view, showing denticles; (16) gonoplac, lateral view. Scale bar: 10 = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176270/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
) acute, spiniform; dorsal sculptured area extending from basal portion to apex, formed apically mostly by scale-like processes arranged in oblique lines and basally by more linear processes; ventral sculptured area restricted to apical portion, formed mostly by scale-like processes; ventral interlocking device elongate, restricted to basiventral area of blade. Valvula II (
<figureCitation id="318B2692FFF7FFC5195A06A3DA9EF08C" box="[342,413,1766,1787]" captionStart="Figures 1016" captionStartId="3.[151,230,1663,1685]" captionTargetBox="[323,1263,203,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-73@3.[317,1263,197,1648]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 1016. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., female: (10) apical portion of abdomen, lateral view; (11) terminalia, ventral view; (12) valvula I, lateral view (base of ramus incomplete); (13) apex of valvula I at higher magnification, lateral view, showing dorsal and ventral sculptured areas; (14) valvulae II, lateral view (bases not depicted); (15) teeth of valvula II at higher magnification, lateral view, showing denticles; (16) gonoplac, lateral view. Scale bar: 10 = 1 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="318B2692FFF7FFC5195A06A3DA9EF08C" box="[342,413,1766,1787]" captionStart="Figures 1016" captionStartId="3.[151,230,1663,1685]" captionTargetBox="[323,1263,203,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-73@3.[317,1263,197,1648]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 1016. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., female: (10) apical portion of abdomen, lateral view; (11) terminalia, ventral view; (12) valvula I, lateral view (base of ramus incomplete); (13) apex of valvula I at higher magnification, lateral view, showing dorsal and ventral sculptured areas; (14) valvulae II, lateral view (bases not depicted); (15) teeth of valvula II at higher magnification, lateral view, showing denticles; (16) gonoplac, lateral view. Scale bar: 10 = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176270/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
), in lateral view, expanded beyond basal curvature, dorsal margin convex; apex obtuse; ventral preapical prominence distinct; dorsal margin with about 18 continuous teeth, most of them subtriangular, elongate and flat (
<figureCitation id="318B2692FFF7FFC51B51016ED8A0F737" box="[861,931,299,320]" captionStart="Figures 1016" captionStartId="3.[151,230,1663,1685]" captionTargetBox="[323,1263,203,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-73@3.[317,1263,197,1648]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 1016. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., female: (10) apical portion of abdomen, lateral view; (11) terminalia, ventral view; (12) valvula I, lateral view (base of ramus incomplete); (13) apex of valvula I at higher magnification, lateral view, showing dorsal and ventral sculptured areas; (14) valvulae II, lateral view (bases not depicted); (15) teeth of valvula II at higher magnification, lateral view, showing denticles; (16) gonoplac, lateral view. Scale bar: 10 = 1 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="318B2692FFF7FFC51B51016ED8A0F737" box="[861,931,299,320]" captionStart="Figures 1016" captionStartId="3.[151,230,1663,1685]" captionTargetBox="[323,1263,203,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-73@3.[317,1263,197,1648]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 1016. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., female: (10) apical portion of abdomen, lateral view; (11) terminalia, ventral view; (12) valvula I, lateral view (base of ramus incomplete); (13) apex of valvula I at higher magnification, lateral view, showing dorsal and ventral sculptured areas; (14) valvulae II, lateral view (bases not depicted); (15) teeth of valvula II at higher magnification, lateral view, showing denticles; (16) gonoplac, lateral view. Scale bar: 10 = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176270/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
), basal teeth smaller and irregular; denticles distributed on teeth and on dorsal and ventral apical portions of blade, except on apex (dorsal dentate apical area longer than ventral area); valvula with ducts extending towards teeth and apex. Gonoplac (
<figureCitation id="318B2692FFF7FFC51C4A01F4DF89F7B1" box="[1094,1162,433,454]" captionStart="Figures 1016" captionStartId="3.[151,230,1663,1685]" captionTargetBox="[323,1263,203,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-73@3.[317,1263,197,1648]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 1016. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., female: (10) apical portion of abdomen, lateral view; (11) terminalia, ventral view; (12) valvula I, lateral view (base of ramus incomplete); (13) apex of valvula I at higher magnification, lateral view, showing dorsal and ventral sculptured areas; (14) valvulae II, lateral view (bases not depicted); (15) teeth of valvula II at higher magnification, lateral view, showing denticles; (16) gonoplac, lateral view. Scale bar: 10 = 1 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="318B2692FFF7FFC51C4A01F4DF89F7B1" box="[1094,1162,433,454]" captionStart="Figures 1016" captionStartId="3.[151,230,1663,1685]" captionTargetBox="[323,1263,203,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-73@3.[317,1263,197,1648]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 1016. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., female: (10) apical portion of abdomen, lateral view; (11) terminalia, ventral view; (12) valvula I, lateral view (base of ramus incomplete); (13) apex of valvula I at higher magnification, lateral view, showing dorsal and ventral sculptured areas; (14) valvulae II, lateral view (bases not depicted); (15) teeth of valvula II at higher magnification, lateral view, showing denticles; (16) gonoplac, lateral view. Scale bar: 10 = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176270/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
) extending approximately as far posteriorly as pygofer; in lateral view, with basal half narrow and apical half distinctly expanded; apex obtuse; surface with tiny tegumentary processes (denticuli) on apex and extending anteriorly along ventral margin; few setae also present. Pygofer lobes dark brown with posterior and ventral margins usually brownish-yellow, macrosetae yellowish-brown; gonoplacs dark brown to black.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A90F3A17FFF7FFC51B6102FED8B0F2F5" blockId="4.[815,1439,199,1787]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
@ -301,11 +302,11 @@ and
<emphasis id="9BC4E605FFF7FFC51D280556DE7EF35F" box="[1316,1405,1299,1320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. alpina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the coloration (
<figureCitation id="318B2692FFF7FFC51BC20570DF22F33D" box="[974,1057,1333,1354]" captionStart="Figures 19" captionStartId="2.[159,238,1670,1692]" captionTargetBox="[239,1357,197,1655]" captionTargetId="figure-72@2.[238,1357,197,1656]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 19. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., male: (1) habitus, lateral view; (2) habitus, dorsal view (antennae and legs not depicted); (3) pygofer, lateral view; (4) valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; (5) connective, style, and paraphyses, dorsal view; (6) style, variation, dorsal view; (7) aedeagus and anal tube, lateral view; (8) aedeagus and anal tube, ventral view; (9) paraphyses, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 = 1 mm, 3 = 0.5 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 1, 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="318B2692FFF7FFC51BC20570DF22F33D" box="[974,1057,1333,1354]" captionStart="Figures 19" captionStartId="2.[159,238,1670,1692]" captionTargetBox="[239,1357,197,1655]" captionTargetId="figure-72@2.[238,1357,197,1656]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 19. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., male: (1) habitus, lateral view; (2) habitus, dorsal view (antennae and legs not depicted); (3) pygofer, lateral view; (4) valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; (5) connective, style, and paraphyses, dorsal view; (6) style, variation, dorsal view; (7) aedeagus and anal tube, lateral view; (8) aedeagus and anal tube, ventral view; (9) paraphyses, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 = 1 mm, 3 = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176268/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 1, 2</figureCitation>
) and aedeagal morphology (specific diagnostic character states are provided in the key below). The depressed crown surface and the distinct carina located at the transition crown-face (
<figureCitation id="318B2692FFF7FFC51C8205DCDFCBF3D9" box="[1166,1224,1433,1454]" captionStart="Figures 19" captionStartId="2.[159,238,1670,1692]" captionTargetBox="[239,1357,197,1655]" captionTargetId="figure-72@2.[238,1357,197,1656]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 19. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., male: (1) habitus, lateral view; (2) habitus, dorsal view (antennae and legs not depicted); (3) pygofer, lateral view; (4) valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; (5) connective, style, and paraphyses, dorsal view; (6) style, variation, dorsal view; (7) aedeagus and anal tube, lateral view; (8) aedeagus and anal tube, ventral view; (9) paraphyses, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 = 1 mm, 3 = 0.5 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="318B2692FFF7FFC51C8205DCDFCBF3D9" box="[1166,1224,1433,1454]" captionStart="Figures 19" captionStartId="2.[159,238,1670,1692]" captionTargetBox="[239,1357,197,1655]" captionTargetId="figure-72@2.[238,1357,197,1656]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 19. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., male: (1) habitus, lateral view; (2) habitus, dorsal view (antennae and legs not depicted); (3) pygofer, lateral view; (4) valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; (5) connective, style, and paraphyses, dorsal view; (6) style, variation, dorsal view; (7) aedeagus and anal tube, lateral view; (8) aedeagus and anal tube, ventral view; (9) paraphyses, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 = 1 mm, 3 = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176268/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) are also diagnostic features of the new species. The large dorsal expansion at the bases of the paraphyses rami (
<figureCitation id="318B2692FFF7FFC51C9A059EDFD3F387" box="[1174,1232,1499,1520]" captionStart="Figures 19" captionStartId="2.[159,238,1670,1692]" captionTargetBox="[239,1357,197,1655]" captionTargetId="figure-72@2.[238,1357,197,1656]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 19. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., male: (1) habitus, lateral view; (2) habitus, dorsal view (antennae and legs not depicted); (3) pygofer, lateral view; (4) valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; (5) connective, style, and paraphyses, dorsal view; (6) style, variation, dorsal view; (7) aedeagus and anal tube, lateral view; (8) aedeagus and anal tube, ventral view; (9) paraphyses, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 = 1 mm, 3 = 0.5 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="318B2692FFF7FFC51C9A059EDFD3F387" box="[1174,1232,1499,1520]" captionStart="Figures 19" captionStartId="2.[159,238,1670,1692]" captionTargetBox="[239,1357,197,1655]" captionTargetId="figure-72@2.[238,1357,197,1656]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 19. Cavichiana caelivittata sp. nov., male: (1) habitus, lateral view; (2) habitus, dorsal view (antennae and legs not depicted); (3) pygofer, lateral view; (4) valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; (5) connective, style, and paraphyses, dorsal view; (6) style, variation, dorsal view; (7) aedeagus and anal tube, lateral view; (8) aedeagus and anal tube, ventral view; (9) paraphyses, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 = 1 mm, 3 = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176268/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
) of the new species is located in the same area of the dentiform projection of the two previously known species (see
<bibRefCitation id="CD2147E6FFF7FFC51CE1065BD860F023" author="Mejdalani G &amp; Quintas V &amp; Carvalho RA &amp; Takiya DM" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="561 - 572" refId="ref4359" refString="Mejdalani G, Quintas V, Carvalho RA, Takiya DM (2014) A new genus and new bromelicolous species of Cicadellini (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from Southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 3755: 561 - 572. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3755.6.3" type="journal article" year="2014">Mejdalani et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
,

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@ -0,0 +1,736 @@
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<mods:title id="EDF66CDCE63E6EEA6AB1F171C939637D">Mygalomorphae spiders (Araneae) recorded by the Sistema de Notificação de Animais Peçonhentos (SINAP) in the state of Paraná</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="FEA7EACA210C3A3F2D04FDC4F8CD6E12" box="[816,981,593,612]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Vitalius sorocabae</emphasis>
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: ParanavaÍ (
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;
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F210C3A3F2D04FC8BF8AB6F45" box="[816,947,798,819]" degrees="52" direction="west" minutes="27" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="54" value="-52.465">52°2754”W</geoCoordinate>
),
<collectorName id="6126530E210C3A3F2DFCFC8BFF656F45" box="[968,1149,798,819]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Jardim Renascer</collectorName>
,
<date id="B86D1018210C3A3F2ABFFC8BFFEB6F45" box="[1163,1267,798,819]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2006-02-02">
<collectingDate id="A829E9F0210C3A3F2ABFFC8BFFEB6F45" box="[1163,1267,798,819]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2006-02-02">02.ii.2006</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="6126530E210C3A3F2B35FC8BFE846F45" box="[1281,1436,798,819]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">M.M. da Silva</collectorName>
leg.,
<specimenCount id="DAD5FD51210C3A3F2D6BFCD5F8BE6F23" box="[863,934,832,853]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="9C759EA3210C3A3F2D85FCD5FF216F23" box="[945,1081,832,853]" collectionCode="IBSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">IBSP 303095</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7CBB3C85210C3A3F2A7DFCD5FF496F00" collectingDate="2011-02-15" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="M. S. Navarro" location="Sumare" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="IBSP 303087" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Parana">
<location id="C90C6003210C3A3F2A7DFCD5FF846F23" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:447A87CE210C3A3E2D48FE70FA996E84:C90C6003210C3A3F2A7DFCD5FF846F23" box="[1097,1180,832,853]" name="Sumare" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Parana">Sumaré</location>
,
<date id="B86D1018210C3A3F2A91FCD5FE126F23" box="[1189,1290,832,853]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2011-02-15">
<collectingDate id="A829E9F0210C3A3F2A91FCD5FE126F23" box="[1189,1290,832,853]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2011-02-15">15.ii.2011</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="6126530E210C3A3F2B27FCD5FE846F23" box="[1299,1436,832,853]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">M.S. Navarro</collectorName>
leg.,
<specimenCount id="DAD5FD51210C3A3F2D57FCF4F8B56F00" box="[867,941,865,886]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="9C759EA3210C3A3F2D8AFCF4FF536F00" box="[958,1099,865,886]" collectionCode="IBSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">IBSP 303087</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7CBB3C85210C3A3F2A6AFCF4FF166FCF" collectingDate="2007-02-07" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="Bairro Macopa &amp; L. L. de Oliveira" latitude="-24.32389" location="Telemaco Borba" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-50.615833" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="IBSP 303103" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Parana">
<location id="C90C6003210C3A3F2A6AFCF4FE176F00" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:447A87CE210C3A3E2D48FE70FA996E84:C90C6003210C3A3F2A6AFCF4FE176F00" box="[1118,1295,865,886]" latitude="-24.32389" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-50.615833" name="Telemaco Borba" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Parana">Telêmaco Borba</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F210C3A3F2B14FCF4FE8F6F00" box="[1312,1431,865,886]" degrees="24" direction="south" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="26" value="-24.32389">24°1926”S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F210C3A3F2D04FC17F8B76FE1" box="[816,943,898,919]" degrees="50" direction="west" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="57" value="-50.615833">50°3657”W</geoCoordinate>
),
<collectorName id="6126530E210C3A3F2D8BFC17FF456FE1" box="[959,1117,898,919]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Bairro Macopa</collectorName>
,
<date id="B86D1018210C3A3F2A50FC17FFD16FE1" box="[1124,1225,898,919]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2007-02-07">
<collectingDate id="A829E9F0210C3A3F2A50FC17FFD16FE1" box="[1124,1225,898,919]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2007-02-07">07.ii.2007</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="6126530E210C3A3F2AE5FC17FE766FE1" box="[1233,1390,898,919]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">L.L. de Oliveira</collectorName>
leg.,
<specimenCount id="DAD5FD51210C3A3F2D1BFC31F86D6FCF" box="[815,885,932,953]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="9C759EA3210C3A3F2DB4FC31FF1F6FCF" box="[896,1031,932,953]" collectionCode="IBSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">IBSP 303103</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7CBB3C85210C3A3F2A22FC31F89B6FAC" collectingDate="2011-01-17" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="E. C. Alves" isTailEnumeration="true" latitude="-24.32389" location="Telemaco Borba" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-50.615833" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="IBSP 303111" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Parana">
<date id="B86D1018210C3A3F2A22FC31FF6B6FCF" box="[1046,1139,932,953]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2011-01-17">
<collectingDate id="A829E9F0210C3A3F2A22FC31FF6B6FCF" box="[1046,1139,932,953]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2011-01-17">17.i.2011</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="6126530E210C3A3F2A48FC31FFFA6FCF" box="[1148,1250,932,953]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">E.C. Alves</collectorName>
leg.,
<specimenCount id="DAD5FD51210C3A3F2B21FC31FE426FCF" box="[1301,1370,932,953]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="9C759EA3210C3A3F2B51FC31F8646FAC" collectionCode="IBSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">IBSP 303111</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7CBB3C85210C3A3F2DBBFC50F89D6F8D" collectingDate="2018-04-16" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="F. de Oliveira" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="IBSP 303104" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Parana">
<date id="B86D1018210C3A3F2DBBFC50F8E06FAC" box="[911,1016,965,986]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2018-04-16">
<collectingDate id="A829E9F0210C3A3F2DBBFC50F8E06FAC" box="[911,1016,965,986]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2018-04-16">16.iv.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
, M.de
<collectorName id="6126530E210C3A3F2A76FC50FFCA6FAC" box="[1090,1234,965,986]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">F. de Oliveira</collectorName>
leg.,
<specimenCount id="DAD5FD51210C3A3F2B38FC50FE4E6FAC" box="[1292,1366,965,986]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="9C759EA3210C3A3F2B51FC50F8666F8D" collectionCode="IBSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">IBSP 303104</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7CBB3C85210C3A3F2DBBFC73FE816F8D" box="[911,1433,998,1019]" collectingDate="2018-02-27" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="A. C. Ribeiro" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="IBSP 303090" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Parana">
<date id="B86D1018210C3A3F2DBBFC73F8EB6F8D" box="[911,1011,998,1019]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2018-02-27">
<collectingDate id="A829E9F0210C3A3F2DBBFC73F8EB6F8D" box="[911,1011,998,1019]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2018-02-27">27.ii.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="6126530E210C3A3F2DCAFC73FF666F8D" box="[1022,1150,998,1019]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A.C. Ribeiro</collectorName>
leg.,
<specimenCount id="DAD5FD51210C3A3F2A80FC73FFE46F8D" box="[1204,1276,998,1019]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="9C759EA3210C3A3F2B3DFC73FE8A6F8D" box="[1289,1426,998,1019]" collectionCode="IBSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">IBSP 303090</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7CBB3C85210C3A3F2D05FB9DFF6F6848" collectingDate="2007-10-03" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="A. M. Zapotogny" latitude="-25.466946" location="Irati" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-50.650833" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="IBSP 303116" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Parana">
<location id="C90C6003210C3A3F2D05FB9DF847686B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:447A87CE210C3A3E2D48FE70FA996E84:C90C6003210C3A3F2D05FB9DF847686B" box="[817,863,1032,1053]" latitude="-25.466946" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-50.650833" name="Irati" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Parana">Irati</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F210C3A3F2D44FB9DF8F1686B" box="[880,1001,1032,1053]" degrees="25" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="01" value="-25.466946">25°2801”S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F210C3A3F2DC3FB9DFF60686B" box="[1015,1144,1032,1053]" degrees="50" direction="west" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="03" value="-50.650833">50°3903”W</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="B86D1018210C3A3F2AB9FB9DFFEA686B" box="[1165,1266,1032,1053]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2007-10-03">
<collectingDate id="A829E9F0210C3A3F2AB9FB9DFFEA686B" box="[1165,1266,1032,1053]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2007-10-03">03.x.2007</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="6126530E210C3A3F2ACBFB9DF8536848" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A.M. Zapotogny</collectorName>
leg.,
<specimenCount id="DAD5FD51210C3A3F2DBCFBBCF8CA6848" box="[904,978,1065,1086]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="9C759EA3210C3A3F2DD7FBBCFF686848" box="[995,1136,1065,1086]" collectionCode="IBSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">IBSP 303116</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7CBB3C85210C3A3F2AB0FBBCF8D068F7" collectingDate="2010-11-10" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="Guanabara &amp; Adolar" latitude="-25.75" location="Dois Vizinhos" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-53.056942" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="IBSP 303097" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Parana">
<location id="C90C6003210C3A3F2AB0FBBCFE036848" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:447A87CE210C3A3E2D48FE70FA996E84:C90C6003210C3A3F2AB0FBBCFE036848" box="[1156,1307,1065,1086]" latitude="-25.75" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-53.056942" name="Dois Vizinhos" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Parana">Dois Vizinhos</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F210C3A3F2B19FBBCFE806848" box="[1325,1432,1065,1086]" degrees="25" direction="south" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="0" value="-25.75">25°450”S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F210C3A3F2D04FBDFF8AA6829" box="[816,946,1098,1119]" degrees="53" direction="west" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="25" value="-53.056942">53°0325”W</geoCoordinate>
),
<collectorName id="6126530E210C3A3F2DF3FBDFFF596829" box="[967,1089,1098,1119]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Guanabara</collectorName>
,
<date id="B86D1018210C3A3F2A7BFBDFFFA36829" box="[1103,1211,1098,1119]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2010-11-10">
<collectingDate id="A829E9F0210C3A3F2A7BFBDFFFA36829" box="[1103,1211,1098,1119]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2010-11-10">10.xi.2010</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="6126530E210C3A3F2AFDFBDFFE0A6829" box="[1225,1298,1098,1119]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Adolar</collectorName>
leg.,
<specimenCount id="DAD5FD51210C3A3F2B65FBDFFE846829" box="[1361,1436,1098,1119]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="9C759EA3210C3A3F2D03FBF9F8D968F7" box="[823,961,1132,1153]" collectionCode="IBSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">IBSP 303097</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7CBB3C85210C3A3F2DE7FBF9F89E68B5" collectingDate="2011-03-25" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="J. Ribas" latitude="-25.190832" location="Cachoeira do Guamirim" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-50.805" municipality="Guamiranga" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="IBSP 303107" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Parana">
<collectingMunicipality id="2C08ACA2210C3A3F2DE7FBF9FF4168F7" box="[979,1113,1132,1153]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Guamiranga</collectingMunicipality>
(
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F210C3A3F2A5CFBF9FFC668F7" box="[1128,1246,1132,1153]" degrees="25" direction="south" minutes="11" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="27" value="-25.190832">25°1127”S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F210C3A3F2ADDFBF9FE7068F7" box="[1257,1384,1132,1153]" degrees="50" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="18" value="-50.805">50°4818”W</geoCoordinate>
),
<location id="C90C6003210C3A3F2B4FFBF9FF0E68D4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:447A87CE210C3A3E2D48FE70FA996E84:C90C6003210C3A3F2B4FFBF9FF0E68D4" latitude="-25.190832" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-50.805" municipality="Guamiranga" name="Cachoeira do Guamirim" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Parana">Cachoeira do Guamirim</location>
,
<date id="B86D1018210C3A3F2A2BFB18FF9268D4" box="[1055,1162,1165,1186]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2011-03-25">
<collectingDate id="A829E9F0210C3A3F2A2BFB18FF9268D4" box="[1055,1162,1165,1186]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2011-03-25">25.iii.2011</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="6126530E210C3A3F2AA0FB18FFF868D4" box="[1172,1248,1165,1186]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">J. Ribas</collectorName>
leg.,
<specimenCount id="DAD5FD51210C3A3F2B20FB18FE4368D4" box="[1300,1371,1165,1186]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="9C759EA3210C3A3F2B53FB18F86768B5" collectionCode="IBSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">IBSP 303107</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7CBB3C85210C3A3F2DA7FB3BFE1B6893" collectingDate="2011-12-12" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="D. Danilavicius" latitude="-25.380833" location="Virmond" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-52.19889" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="IBSP 303093" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Parana">
<location id="C90C6003210C3A3F2DA7FB3BF8EC68B5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:447A87CE210C3A3E2D48FE70FA996E84:C90C6003210C3A3F2DA7FB3BF8EC68B5" box="[915,1012,1198,1219]" latitude="-25.380833" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-52.19889" name="Virmond" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Parana">Virmond</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F210C3A3F2A32FB3BFF6768B5" box="[1030,1151,1198,1219]" degrees="25" direction="south" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="51" value="-25.380833">25°2251”S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F210C3A3F2AB9FB3BFE1768B5" box="[1165,1295,1198,1219]" degrees="52" direction="west" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="56" value="-52.19889">52°1156”W</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="B86D1018210C3A3F2B10FB3BFE8E68B5" box="[1316,1430,1198,1219]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2011-12-12">
<collectingDate id="A829E9F0210C3A3F2B10FB3BFE8E68B5" box="[1316,1430,1198,1219]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2011-12-12">12.xii.2011</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="6126530E210C3A3F2D04FB45F8CE6893" box="[816,982,1232,1253]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D. Danilavicius</collectorName>
leg.,
<specimenCount id="DAD5FD51210C3A3F2A27FB45FF466893" box="[1043,1118,1232,1253]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="9C759EA3210C3A3F2A5AFB45FFE46893" box="[1134,1276,1232,1253]" collectionCode="IBSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">IBSP 303093</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7CBB3C85210C3A3F2B24FB45FF556951" collectingDate="2012-05-06" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="da Aparecida &amp; J. Signorini" latitude="-25.435833" location="Boa Vista" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-53.40778" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="IBSP 303092" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Boa Vista">
<collectingRegion id="0E17F83A210C3A3F2B24FB45FE616893" box="[1296,1401,1232,1253]" country="Cape Verde" name="Boa Vista" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Boa Vista</collectingRegion>
<collectorName id="6126530E210C3A3F2BB7FB45F8846970" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">da Aparecida</collectorName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F210C3A3F2D9FFB64FF396970" box="[939,1057,1265,1286]" degrees="25" direction="south" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="09" value="-25.435833">25°2609”S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F210C3A3F2A18FB64FFB46970" box="[1068,1196,1265,1286]" degrees="53" direction="west" minutes="24" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="28" value="-53.40778">53°2428”W</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="B86D1018210C3A3F2A8AFB64FE056970" box="[1214,1309,1265,1286]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2012-05-06">
<collectingDate id="A829E9F0210C3A3F2A8AFB64FE056970" box="[1214,1309,1265,1286]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2012-05-06">06.v.2012</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="6126530E210C3A3F2B13FB64FE856970" box="[1319,1437,1265,1286]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">J. Signorini</collectorName>
leg.,
<specimenCount id="DAD5FD51210C3A3F2D57FA87F8B56951" box="[867,941,1298,1319]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="9C759EA3210C3A3F2D88FA87FF5E6951" box="[956,1094,1298,1319]" collectionCode="IBSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">IBSP 303092</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="7CBB3C85210C3A3F2A6DFA87FF16693F" collectingDate="2012-05-02" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="E. de Oliveira" isTailEnumeration="true" latitude="-25.435833" location="Boa Vista" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-53.40778" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="IBSP 303094" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Boa Vista">
<date id="B86D1018210C3A3F2A6DFA87FFA06951" box="[1113,1208,1298,1319]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2012-05-02">
<collectingDate id="A829E9F0210C3A3F2A6DFA87FFA06951" box="[1113,1208,1298,1319]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2012-05-02">02.v.2012</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="6126530E210C3A3F2AF0FA87FE4F6951" box="[1220,1367,1298,1319]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">E. de Oliveira</collectorName>
leg.,
<specimenCount id="DAD5FD51210C3A3F2BA5FA87F87E693F" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="9C759EA3210C3A3F2D43FAA1FF1E693F" box="[887,1030,1332,1353]" collectionCode="IBSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">IBSP 303094</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7CBB3C85210C3A3F2A2FFAA1F89B69FD" collectingDate="2012-05-09" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="G. Postigler" latitude="-25.490833" location="Rio Bonito do Iguacu" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-52.525833" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="IBSP 303117" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Boa Vista">
<location id="C90C6003210C3A3F2A2FFAA1FE15693F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:447A87CE210C3A3E2D48FE70FA996E84:C90C6003210C3A3F2A2FFAA1FE15693F" box="[1051,1293,1332,1353]" latitude="-25.490833" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-52.525833" name="Rio Bonito do Iguacu" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Boa Vista">Rio Bonito do Iguaçu</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F210C3A3F2B2AFAA1FE80693F" box="[1310,1432,1332,1353]" degrees="25" direction="south" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="27" value="-25.490833">25°2927”S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F210C3A3F2D04FAC0F8AB691C" box="[816,947,1365,1386]" degrees="52" direction="west" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="33" value="-52.525833">52°3133”W</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="B86D1018210C3A3F2DFCFAC0FF31691C" box="[968,1065,1365,1386]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2012-05-09">
<collectingDate id="A829E9F0210C3A3F2DFCFAC0FF31691C" box="[968,1065,1365,1386]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2012-05-09">09.v.2012</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="6126530E210C3A3F2A03FAC0FFAF691C" box="[1079,1207,1365,1386]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">G. Postigler</collectorName>
leg.,
<specimenCount id="DAD5FD51210C3A3F2AC1FAC0FE4D691C" box="[1269,1365,1365,1386]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="9C759EA3210C3A3F2B52FAC0F86469FD" collectionCode="IBSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">IBSP 303117</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7CBB3C85210C3A3F2DBEFAE3FE4869DB" collectingDate="2012-04-23" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="A. R. de Almeida" latitude="-25.446943" location="Santa Terezinha de Itaipu" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-54.400833" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="IBSP 303121" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Boa Vista">
<location id="C90C6003210C3A3F2DBEFAE3FF9669FD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:447A87CE210C3A3E2D48FE70FA996E84:C90C6003210C3A3F2DBEFAE3FF9669FD" box="[906,1166,1398,1419]" latitude="-25.446943" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-54.400833" name="Santa Terezinha de Itaipu" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Boa Vista">Santa Terezinha de Itaipu</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F210C3A3F2AAEFAE3FE1569FD" box="[1178,1293,1398,1419]" degrees="25" direction="south" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="49" value="-25.446943">25°2649”S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F210C3A3F2B21FAE3FE8A69FD" box="[1301,1426,1398,1419]" degrees="54" direction="west" minutes="24" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="03" value="-54.400833">54°2403”W</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="B86D1018210C3A3F2D1BFA0DF88C69DB" box="[815,916,1432,1453]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2012-04-23">
<collectingDate id="A829E9F0210C3A3F2D1BFA0DF88C69DB" box="[815,916,1432,1453]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2012-04-23">23.iv.2012</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="6126530E210C3A3F2DA9FA0DFF5B69DB" box="[925,1091,1432,1453]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A.R. de Almeida</collectorName>
leg.,
<specimenCount id="DAD5FD51210C3A3F2A40FA0DFFA169DB" box="[1140,1209,1432,1453]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="9C759EA3210C3A3F2AF0FA0DFE5169DB" box="[1220,1353,1432,1453]" collectionCode="IBSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">IBSP 303121</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7CBB3C85210C3A3F2B6CFA0DF8DE6999" collectingDate="2012-05-03" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="A. Guiu" latitude="-25.091946" location="Missal" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-54.24778" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="IBSP 303123" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Boa Vista">
<location id="C90C6003210C3A3F2B6CFA0DFE8369DB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:447A87CE210C3A3E2D48FE70FA996E84:C90C6003210C3A3F2B6CFA0DFE8369DB" box="[1368,1435,1432,1453]" latitude="-25.091946" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-54.24778" name="Missal" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Boa Vista">Missal</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F210C3A3F2D03FA2CF8B669B8" box="[823,942,1465,1486]" degrees="25" direction="south" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="31" value="-25.091946">25°0531”S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F210C3A3F2D88FA2CFF2469B8" box="[956,1084,1465,1486]" degrees="54" direction="west" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="52" value="-54.24778">54°1452”W</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="B86D1018210C3A3F2A65FA2CFFA969B8" box="[1105,1201,1465,1486]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2012-05-03">
<collectingDate id="A829E9F0210C3A3F2A65FA2CFFA969B8" box="[1105,1201,1465,1486]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2012-05-03">03.v.2012</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="6126530E210C3A3F2A8AFA2CFE0B69B8" box="[1214,1299,1465,1486]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. Guiu</collectorName>
leg.,
<specimenCount id="DAD5FD51210C3A3F2B64FA2CFE8369B8" box="[1360,1435,1465,1486]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="9C759EA3210C3A3F2D03FA4FF8A66999" box="[823,958,1498,1519]" collectionCode="IBSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">IBSP 303123</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7CBB3C85210C3A3F2DFAFA4FFE456A67" collectingDate="2012-05-12" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="S. M. de Carvalho" latitude="-24.427776" location="Iracema do Oeste" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-53.355" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="IBSP 303124" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Boa Vista">
<location id="C90C6003210C3A3F2DFAFA4FFF9E6999" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:447A87CE210C3A3E2D48FE70FA996E84:C90C6003210C3A3F2DFAFA4FFF9E6999" box="[974,1158,1498,1519]" latitude="-24.427776" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-53.355" name="Iracema do Oeste" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Boa Vista">Iracema do Oeste</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F210C3A3F2AA6FA4FFE106999" box="[1170,1288,1498,1519]" degrees="24" direction="south" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="40" value="-24.427776">24°2540”S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F210C3A3F2B26FA4FFE886999" box="[1298,1424,1498,1519]" degrees="53" direction="west" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="18" value="-53.355">53°2118”W</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="B86D1018210C3A3F2D1BFA69F8966A67" box="[815,910,1532,1553]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2012-05-12">
<collectingDate id="A829E9F0210C3A3F2D1BFA69F8966A67" box="[815,910,1532,1553]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2012-05-12">12.v.2012</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="6126530E210C3A3F2DA3FA69FF516A67" box="[919,1097,1532,1553]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S.M. de Carvalho</collectorName>
leg.,
<specimenCount id="DAD5FD51210C3A3F2A48FA69FFDA6A67" box="[1148,1218,1532,1553]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="9C759EA3210C3A3F2AFAFA69FE4E6A67" box="[1230,1366,1532,1553]" collectionCode="IBSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">IBSP 303124</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7CBB3C85210C3A3F2B51FA69FFE26A25" collectingDate="2013-07-01" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="Vila Nova &amp; S. Borges" latitude="-23.600834" location="Salto do Itarare" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-49.62583" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="IBSP 303099" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Boa Vista">
<location id="C90C6003210C3A3F2B51FA69F8806A44" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:447A87CE210C3A3E2D48FE70FA996E84:C90C6003210C3A3F2B51FA69F8806A44" latitude="-23.600834" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-49.62583" name="Salto do Itarare" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Boa Vista">Salto do Itararé</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F210C3A3F2D91F988FF046A44" box="[933,1052,1565,1586]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="03" value="-23.600834">23°3603”S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F210C3A3F2A11F988FFBD6A44" box="[1061,1189,1565,1586]" degrees="49" direction="west" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="33" value="-49.62583">49°3733”W</geoCoordinate>
),
<collectorName id="6126530E210C3A3F2A82F988FE076A44" box="[1206,1311,1565,1586]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Vila Nova</collectorName>
,
<date id="B86D1018210C3A3F2B1CF988FE8F6A44" box="[1320,1431,1565,1586]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2013-07-01">
<collectingDate id="A829E9F0210C3A3F2B1CF988FE8F6A44" box="[1320,1431,1565,1586]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2013-07-01">01.vii.2013</collectingDate>
</date>
, G. de
<collectorName id="6126530E210C3A3F2D58F9ABF8D46A25" box="[876,972,1598,1619]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. Borges</collectorName>
leg.,
<specimenCount id="DAD5FD51210C3A3F2A36F9ABFF456A25" box="[1026,1117,1598,1619]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="9C759EA3210C3A3F2A5EF9ABFFEA6A25" box="[1130,1266,1598,1619]" collectionCode="IBSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">IBSP 303099</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7CBB3C85210C3A3F2B37F9ABFFB76AE0" collectingDate="2013-09-01" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="Alto Campo &amp; N. Fachini" latitude="-25.418888" location="Tres Barras" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-53.180836" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="IBSP 303102" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Parana">
<location id="C90C6003210C3A3F2B37F9ABFE636A25" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:447A87CE210C3A3E2D48FE70FA996E84:C90C6003210C3A3F2B37F9ABFE636A25" box="[1283,1403,1598,1619]" latitude="-25.418888" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-53.180836" name="Tres Barras" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Parana">Três Barras</location>
do
<collectingRegion id="0E17F83A210C3A3F2D04F9F5F8636A03" box="[816,891,1632,1653]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Paraná</collectingRegion>
(
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F210C3A3F2DBFF9F5FF1A6A03" box="[907,1026,1632,1653]" degrees="25" direction="south" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="08" value="-25.418888">25°2508”S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F210C3A3F2A3AF9F5FF946A03" box="[1038,1164,1632,1653]" degrees="53" direction="west" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="51" value="-53.180836">53°1051”W</geoCoordinate>
),
<collectorName id="6126530E210C3A3F2A94F9F5FE3B6A03" box="[1184,1315,1632,1653]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Alto Campo</collectorName>
,
<date id="B86D1018210C3A3F2B1BF9F5FE806A03" box="[1327,1432,1632,1653]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2013-09-01">
<collectingDate id="A829E9F0210C3A3F2B1BF9F5FE806A03" box="[1327,1432,1632,1653]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2013-09-01">01.ix.2013</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="6126530E210C3A3F2D06F914F8856AE0" box="[818,925,1665,1686]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">N. Fachini</collectorName>
leg.,
<specimenCount id="DAD5FD51210C3A3F2DE4F914FF0E6AE0" box="[976,1046,1665,1686]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="9C759EA3210C3A3F2A15F914FFB16AE0" box="[1057,1193,1665,1686]" collectionCode="IBSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">IBSP 303102</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7CBB3C85210C3A3F2A83F914FE496AAF" collectingDate="2013-11-12" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="Tres Irmaos &amp; M. N. Netzkal" latitude="-22.735834" location="Assentamento Santo Angelo" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-53.04" municipality="Marilena" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="IBSP 303119" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Parana">
<collectingMunicipality id="2C08ACA2210C3A3F2A83F914FE006AE0" box="[1207,1304,1665,1686]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Marilena</collectingMunicipality>
(
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F210C3A3F2B10F914FE826AE0" box="[1316,1434,1665,1686]" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="09" value="-22.735834">22°4409”S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F210C3A3F2D1BF937F8B46AC1" box="[815,940,1698,1719]" degrees="53" direction="west" minutes="02" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="24" value="-53.04">53°0224”W</geoCoordinate>
), SÍtio
<collectorName id="6126530E210C3A3F2DC4F937FF726AC1" box="[1008,1130,1698,1719]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Três Irmãos</collectorName>
,
<location id="C90C6003210C3A3F2A45F937FE806AC1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:447A87CE210C3A3E2D48FE70FA996E84:C90C6003210C3A3F2A45F937FE806AC1" box="[1137,1432,1698,1719]" latitude="-22.735834" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-53.04" municipality="Marilena" name="Assentamento Santo Angelo" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Parana">Assentamento Santo Angelo</location>
,
<date id="B86D1018210C3A3F2D1BF951F8806AAF" box="[815,920,1732,1753]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2013-11-12">
<collectingDate id="A829E9F0210C3A3F2D1BF951F8806AAF" box="[815,920,1732,1753]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2013-11-12">12.xi.2013</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="6126530E210C3A3F2D95F951FF336AAF" box="[929,1067,1732,1753]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">M.N. Netzkal</collectorName>
leg.,
<specimenCount id="DAD5FD51210C3A3F2A6AF951FFA06AAF" box="[1118,1208,1732,1753]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="9C759EA3210C3A3F2AF7F951FE526AAF" box="[1219,1354,1732,1753]" collectionCode="IBSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">IBSP 303119</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7CBB3C85210C3A3E2B6DF951FA666CAA" collectingDate="2014-01-15" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="C. Sperandio" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" latitude="-22.792778" location="Cafeara" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-51.715836" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="IBSP 303112" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Parana">
<location id="C90C6003210C3A3F2B6DF951F85E6A8C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:447A87CE210C3A3E2D48FE70FA996E84:C90C6003210C3A3F2B6DF951F85E6A8C" latitude="-22.792778" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-51.715836" name="Cafeara" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Parana">Cafeara</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F210C3A3F2D61F970F8D36A8C" box="[853,971,1765,1786]" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="34" value="-22.792778">22°4734”S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F210C3A3F2DE2F970FF4E6A8C" box="[982,1110,1765,1786]" degrees="51" direction="west" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="57" value="-51.715836">51°4257”W</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="B86D1018210C3A3F2A5CF970FFDD6A8C" box="[1128,1221,1765,1786]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2014-01-15">
<collectingDate id="A829E9F0210C3A3F2A5CF970FFDD6A8C" box="[1128,1221,1765,1786]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2014-01-15">15.i.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="6126530E210C3A3F2AE4F970FE406A8C" box="[1232,1368,1765,1786]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C. Sperandio</collectorName>
leg.,
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(
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)
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<location id="C90C6003210D3A3E2FBCFF52FAF16CAA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:447A87CE210C3A3E2D48FE70FA996E84:C90C6003210D3A3E2FBCFF52FAF16CAA" box="[392,489,199,220]" latitude="-22.735834" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-53.04" name="Marilena" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="Parana">Marilena</location>
(
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),
<date id="B86D1018210D3A3E2EACFF7CFA196C88" box="[152,257,233,254]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2014-09-15">
<collectingDate id="A829E9F0210D3A3E2EACFF7CFA196C88" box="[152,257,233,254]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2014-09-15">15.ix.2014</collectingDate>
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leg.,
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(
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)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7CBB3C85210D3A3E2C8AFF7CFA296D36" collectingDate="2015-04-23" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="D. Luiza" latitude="-24.643888" location="Anahy" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-53.135002" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCode="IBSP 303122" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Parana">
<location id="C90C6003210D3A3E2C8AFF7CF81C6C88" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:447A87CE210C3A3E2D48FE70FA996E84:C90C6003210D3A3E2C8AFF7CF81C6C88" box="[702,772,233,254]" latitude="-24.643888" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-53.135002" name="Anahy" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="Parana">Anahy</location>
(
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;
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),
<date id="B86D1018210D3A3E2F99FE9FF90D6D69" box="[429,533,266,287]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2015-04-23">
<collectingDate id="A829E9F0210D3A3E2F99FE9FF90D6D69" box="[429,533,266,287]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2015-04-23">23.iv.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="6126530E210D3A3E2C29FE9FF96C6D69" box="[541,628,266,287]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D. Luiza</collectorName>
leg.,
<specimenCount id="DAD5FD51210D3A3E2C93FE9FF81A6D69" box="[679,770,266,287]" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="9C759EA3210D3A3E2EA9FEBEFA326D36" box="[157,298,299,320]" collectionCode="IBSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">IBSP 303122</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7CBB3C85210D3A3E2F0AFEBEF9B66D14" collectingDate="2017-05-16" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="M. I. Bueno" latitude="-23.900833" location="Maua da Serra" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-51.22889" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCode="IBSP 303096" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Parana">
<location id="C90C6003210D3A3E2F0AFEBEFAF96D36" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:447A87CE210C3A3E2D48FE70FA996E84:C90C6003210D3A3E2F0AFEBEFAF96D36" box="[318,481,299,320]" latitude="-23.900833" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-51.22889" name="Maua da Serra" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="Parana">Mauá da Serra</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F210D3A3E2FC6FEBEF9726D36" box="[498,618,299,320]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="15" seconds="03" value="-23.900833">23°5403”S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F210D3A3E2C43FEBEF9EE6D36" box="[631,758,299,320]" degrees="51" direction="west" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="15" seconds="44" value="-51.22889">51°1344”W</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="B86D1018210D3A3E2EA3FED8FBE06D14" box="[151,248,333,354]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2017-05-16">
<collectingDate id="A829E9F0210D3A3E2EA3FED8FBE06D14" box="[151,248,333,354]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2017-05-16">16.v.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="6126530E210D3A3E2F31FED8FA676D14" box="[261,383,333,354]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M.I. Bueno</collectorName>
leg.,
<specimenCount id="DAD5FD51210D3A3E2F89FED8F9106D14" box="[445,520,333,354]" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="9C759EA3210D3A3E2C2DFED8F9BF6D14" box="[537,679,333,354]" collectionCode="IBSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">IBSP 303096</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7CBB3C85210D3A3E2C8FFED8F8186DF5" collectingDate="2018-05-24" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="M. Rocha" location="Jardim Sao Luiz" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCode="IBSP 303110" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Parana">
<location id="C90C6003210D3A3E2C8FFED8FBEE6DF5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:447A87CE210C3A3E2D48FE70FA996E84:C90C6003210D3A3E2C8FFED8FBEE6DF5" name="Jardim Sao Luiz" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="Parana">Jardim São Luiz</location>
,
<date id="B86D1018210D3A3E2F37FEFBFA7A6DF5" box="[259,354,366,387]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2018-05-24">
<collectingDate id="A829E9F0210D3A3E2F37FEFBFA7A6DF5" box="[259,354,366,387]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2018-05-24">24.v.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
,
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leg.,
<specimenCount id="DAD5FD51210D3A3E2C26FEFBF9456DF5" box="[530,605,366,387]" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="9C759EA3210D3A3E2C59FEFBF9E16DF5" box="[621,761,366,387]" collectionCode="IBSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">IBSP 303110</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7CBB3C85210D3A3E2EA3FE1AF9086DB0" collectingDate="2018-04-02" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="A. M. dos Santos" latitude="-24.07889" location="Lunardelli" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-51.737778" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCode="IBSP 303106" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Parana">
<location id="C90C6003210D3A3E2EA3FE1AFA1D6DD2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:447A87CE210C3A3E2D48FE70FA996E84:C90C6003210D3A3E2EA3FE1AFA1D6DD2" box="[151,261,399,420]" latitude="-24.07889" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-51.737778" name="Lunardelli" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="Parana">Lunardelli</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F210D3A3E2F22FE1AFA956DD2" box="[278,397,399,420]" degrees="24" direction="south" minutes="04" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="15" seconds="44" value="-24.07889">24°0444”S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F210D3A3E2FAEFE1AF9016DD2" box="[410,537,399,420]" degrees="51" direction="west" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="15" seconds="16" value="-51.737778">51°4416”W</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="B86D1018210D3A3E2C1AFE1AF98E6DD2" box="[558,662,399,420]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2018-04-02">
<collectingDate id="A829E9F0210D3A3E2C1AFE1AF98E6DD2" box="[558,662,399,420]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2018-04-02">02.iv.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="6126530E210D3A3E2C97FE1AFBC76DB0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A.M. dos Santos</collectorName>
leg.,
<specimenCount id="DAD5FD51210D3A3E2F29FE24FA716DB0" box="[285,361,433,454]" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="9C759EA3210D3A3E2F4DFE24F9116DB0" box="[377,521,433,454]" collectionCode="IBSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">IBSP 303106</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7CBB3C85210D3A3E2C29FE24FBF46E7E" collectingDate="2017-07-20" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="M. W. Dalazen" latitude="-25.914999" location="Ampere" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-53.47278" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCode="IBSP 303109" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Parana">
<location id="C90C6003210D3A3E2C29FE24F96C6DB0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:447A87CE210C3A3E2D48FE70FA996E84:C90C6003210D3A3E2C29FE24F96C6DB0" box="[541,628,433,454]" latitude="-25.914999" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-53.47278" name="Ampere" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="Parana">Ampére</location>
(
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;
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F210D3A3E2EA3FE47FA0E6D91" box="[151,278,466,487]" degrees="53" direction="west" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="15" seconds="22" value="-53.47278">53°2822”W</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="B86D1018210D3A3E2F1EFE47FA816D91" box="[298,409,466,487]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2017-07-20">
<collectingDate id="A829E9F0210D3A3E2F1EFE47FA816D91" box="[298,409,466,487]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2017-07-20">20.vii.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="6126530E210D3A3E2F91FE47F9226D91" box="[421,570,466,487]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M.W. Dalazen</collectorName>
leg.,
<specimenCount id="DAD5FD51210D3A3E2C41FE47F9A76D91" box="[629,703,466,487]" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="9C759EA3210D3A3E2CFAFE47FBFD6E7E" collectionCode="IBSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">IBSP 303109</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7CBB3C85210D3A3E2ECCFE66FBF26E3D" collectingDate="2018-04-13" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="Jardim Novo Horizonte &amp; E. Zimm" latitude="-25.546944" location="Foz do Iguacu" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-54.586388" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCode="IBSP 303086" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Parana">
<location id="C90C6003210D3A3E2ECCFE66FA8B6E7E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:447A87CE210C3A3E2D48FE70FA996E84:C90C6003210D3A3E2ECCFE66FA8B6E7E" box="[248,403,499,520]" latitude="-25.546944" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-54.586388" name="Foz do Iguacu" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="Parana">Foz do Iguaçu</location>
(
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;
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F210D3A3E2C1CFE66F9BF6E7E" box="[552,679,499,520]" degrees="54" direction="west" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="15" seconds="11" value="-54.586388">54°3511”W</geoCoordinate>
),
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,
<date id="B86D1018210D3A3E2F6CFD80FADC6E5C" box="[344,452,533,554]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2018-04-13">
<collectingDate id="A829E9F0210D3A3E2F6CFD80FADC6E5C" box="[344,452,533,554]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2018-04-13">13.iv.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="6126530E210D3A3E2FE6FD80F9296E5C" box="[466,561,533,554]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">E. Zimm</collectorName>
leg.,
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(
<specimenCode id="9C759EA3210D3A3E2CF8FD80FBFB6E3D" collectionCode="IBSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">IBSP 303086</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7CBB3C85210D3A3E2EC5FDA3F8186E3D" box="[241,768,566,587]" collectingDate="2018-04-20" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="M. A. da Silva" isTailEnumeration="true" latitude="-25.546944" location="Foz do Iguacu" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-54.586388" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCode="IBSP 303098" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Parana">
<date id="B86D1018210D3A3E2EC5FDA3FA4E6E3D" box="[241,342,566,587]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2018-04-20">
<collectingDate id="A829E9F0210D3A3E2EC5FDA3FA4E6E3D" box="[241,342,566,587]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2018-04-20">20.iv.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="6126530E210D3A3E2F6AFDA3FAFB6E3D" box="[350,483,566,587]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M.A. da Silva</collectorName>
leg.,
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(
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)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7CBB3C85210D3A3E2EA1FDC2F9E66E1A" box="[149,766,599,620]" collectingDate="2019-02-01" collectionCode="IBSP" location="Bairro Carima" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCode="IBSP 303108" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Parana">
<location id="C90C6003210D3A3E2EA1FDC2FA286E1A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:447A87CE210C3A3E2D48FE70FA996E84:C90C6003210D3A3E2EA1FDC2FA286E1A" box="[149,304,599,620]" name="Bairro Carima" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="Parana">Bairro Carimã</location>
,
<date id="B86D1018210D3A3E2F0FFDC2FAB86E1A" box="[315,416,599,620]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2019-02-01">
<collectingDate id="A829E9F0210D3A3E2F0FFDC2FAB86E1A" box="[315,416,599,620]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2019-02-01">01.ii.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, CCZ leg.,
<specimenCount id="DAD5FD51210D3A3E2C20FDC2F9456E1A" box="[532,605,599,620]" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="9C759EA3210D3A3E2C58FDC2F9EE6E1A" box="[620,758,599,620]" collectionCode="IBSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">IBSP 303108</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7CBB3C85210D3A3E2EA3FDECF94C6ED9" collectingDate="2018-04-10" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="Vila Velha &amp; M. Barbeiro" latitude="-24.080002" location="GuaIra" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-54.255833" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCode="IBSP 303100" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Guaira">
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(
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),
<collectorName id="6126530E210D3A3E2C39FDECF99C6EF8" box="[525,644,633,654]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Vila Velha</collectorName>
,
<date id="B86D1018210D3A3E2CA6FDECF9E76EF8" box="[658,767,633,654]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2018-04-10">
<collectingDate id="A829E9F0210D3A3E2CA6FDECF9E76EF8" box="[658,767,633,654]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2018-04-10">10.iv.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="6126530E210D3A3E2EA3FD0FFA066ED9" box="[151,286,666,687]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M. Barbeiro</collectorName>
leg.,
<specimenCount id="DAD5FD51210D3A3E2F6BFD0FFAB46ED9" box="[351,428,666,687]" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="9C759EA3210D3A3E2F89FD0FF9556ED9" box="[445,589,666,687]" collectionCode="IBSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">IBSP 303100</specimenCode>
)
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View file

@ -0,0 +1,276 @@
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),
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leg.,
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<location id="C90C600321113A222DBDFDDEF8EA6E16" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:447A87CE21113A222D99FF5DF8DC6F5E:C90C600321113A222DBDFDDEF8EA6E16" box="[905,1010,587,608]" latitude="-25.441944" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-49.06278" name="Piraquara" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" stateProvince="Parana">Piraquara</location>
(
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), no date, no leg.,
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<date id="B86D101821113A222A67FDF9FFAA6EF7" box="[1107,1202,620,641]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1997-05-22">
<collectingDate id="A829E9F021113A222A67FDF9FFAA6EF7" box="[1107,1202,620,641]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1997-05-22">22.v.1997</collectingDate>
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leg.,
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(
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(
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leg.,
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;
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),
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leg.,
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)
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="C0A846BCE7149E2E38B33E5B74779CA7">Mygalomorphae spiders (Araneae) recorded by the Sistema de Notificação de Animais Peçonhentos (SINAP) in the state of Paraná</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="FEA7EACA211A3A292E81FA2FFACB69A5" box="[181,467,1466,1491]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Psalistopoides emanueli</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A8424B29211A3A292FEEFA2FF9EC69A5" author="Lucas SM &amp; Indicatti RP" box="[474,756,1466,1491]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="547 - 549" refId="ref23502" refString="Lucas SM, Indicatti RP (2006) On the genus Psalistopoides Mello-Leitao (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Nemesiidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 23 (2): 547 - 549. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81752006000200030" type="journal article" year="2006">
<emphasis id="FEA7EACA211A3A292FEEFA2FF9EC69A5" bold="true" box="[474,756,1466,1491]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lucas &amp; Indicatti, 2006</emphasis>
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<figureCitation id="54E82A5D211A3A292F86FA7DFAEF6988" box="[434,503,1512,1534]" captionStart="Figures 1114" captionStartId="6.[157,236,1117,1139]" captionTargetBox="[164,1432,201,1101]" captionTargetId="figure-257@6.[159,1436,197,1111]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figures 1114. Distribution maps: (11) Psalistopoides emanueli (Pycnothelidae) and Actinopus itapitocai (Actinopodidae); (12) Grammostola actaeon (Theraphosidae) and Diplura catharinensis (Dipluridae); (13) Vitalius velutinus (Theraphosidae) and Psalistopoides fulvimanus (Pycnothelidae); (14) Vitalius dubius, Eupalaestrus campestratus andAcanthoscurria paulensis (Theraphosidae)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176800/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="FEA7EACA211A3A292F86FA7DFAEF6988" bold="true" box="[434,503,1512,1534]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 11</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="0BD34D5B211A3A292EABF986F99A6A50" ID-CoL="77ZL9" authority="Lucas &amp; Indicatti, 2006: 548" authorityName="Lucas &amp; Indicatti" authorityPageNumber="548" authorityYear="2006" box="[159,642,1555,1574]" class="Arachnida" family="Pycnothelidae" genus="Psalistopoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emanueli">
<emphasis id="FEA7EACA211A3A292EABF986FA606A50" box="[159,376,1555,1574]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Psalistopoides emanueli</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="FEA7EACA211A3A292F4AF986F99A6A50" bold="true" box="[382,642,1555,1574]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lucas &amp; Indicatti, 2006: 548</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="FEA7EACA211A3A292CB5F986F9C06A50" bold="true" box="[641,728,1555,1574]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">, figs 46.</emphasis>
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),
<date id="B86D1018211A3A292B06FA2DFE8F69BB" box="[1330,1431,1464,1485]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2018-06-15">
<collectingDate id="A829E9F0211A3A292B06FA2DFE8F69BB" box="[1330,1431,1464,1485]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2018-06-15">15.vi.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="6126530E211A3A292D1BFA4CFF766998" box="[815,1134,1497,1518]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pronto Atendimento Municipal</collectorName>
leg.,
<specimenCount id="DAD5FD51211A3A292AA9FA4CFFF86998" box="[1181,1248,1497,1518]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="AAC2AE1D211A3A292ADEFA4CFE3D6998" box="[1258,1317,1497,1518]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">SESA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7CBB3C85211A3A292B07FA4CFE546A79" collectingDate="2018-06-18" collectionCode="SESA" collectorName="Pronto Atendimento Municipal" isTailEnumeration="true" latitude="-23.761944" location="Rio Bom" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-51.410835" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Parana">
<date id="B86D1018211A3A292B07FA4CFE8F6998" box="[1331,1431,1497,1518]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2018-06-18">
<collectingDate id="A829E9F0211A3A292B07FA4CFE8F6998" box="[1331,1431,1497,1518]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2018-06-18">18.vi.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="6126530E211A3A292D1AFA6FFF636A79" box="[814,1147,1530,1551]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pronto Atendimento Municipal</collectorName>
leg.,
<specimenCount id="DAD5FD51211A3A292A87FA6FFFE36A79" box="[1203,1275,1530,1551]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="AAC2AE1D211A3A292B3DFA6FFE5D6A79" box="[1289,1349,1530,1551]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">SESA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7CBB3C85211A3A292B63FA6FFF4C6A24" collectingDate="2018-08-07" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="S. Cavalcante" latitude="-24.07889" location="Lunardelli" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-51.737778" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCode="IBSP 303203" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Parana">
<location id="C90C6003211A3A292B63FA6FF8456A47" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:447A87CE211A3A282E81FA2FFA716DB0:C90C6003211A3A292B63FA6FF8456A47" latitude="-24.07889" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-51.737778" name="Lunardelli" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" stateProvince="Parana">Lunardelli</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F211A3A292D5DF989F8C56A47" box="[873,989,1564,1585]" degrees="24" direction="south" minutes="04" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="15" seconds="44" value="-24.07889">24°0444”S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F211A3A292DD0F989FF786A47" box="[996,1120,1564,1585]" degrees="51" direction="west" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="15" seconds="16" value="-51.737778">51°4416”W</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="B86D1018211A3A292A5BF989FFFA6A47" box="[1135,1250,1564,1585]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2018-08-07">
<collectingDate id="A829E9F0211A3A292A5BF989FFFA6A47" box="[1135,1250,1564,1585]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2018-08-07">07.viii.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
, J.de
<collectorName id="6126530E211A3A292B23F989FE856A47" box="[1303,1437,1564,1585]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. Cavalcante</collectorName>
leg.,
<specimenCount id="DAD5FD51211A3A292D57F9A8F8B66A24" box="[867,942,1597,1618]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="9C759EA3211A3A292D8BF9A8FF566A24" box="[959,1102,1597,1618]" collectionCode="IBSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">IBSP 303203</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7CBB3C85211A3A292A56F9A8FE816A05" collectingDate="2018-09-25" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="E. Lameira" latitude="-23.76389" location="Novo Itacolomi" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-51.506943" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCode="IBSP 303208" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Parana">
<location id="C90C6003211A3A292A56F9A8FE146A24" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:447A87CE211A3A282E81FA2FFA716DB0:C90C6003211A3A292A56F9A8FE146A24" box="[1122,1292,1597,1618]" latitude="-23.76389" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-51.506943" name="Novo Itacolomi" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" stateProvince="Parana">Novo Itacolomi</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F211A3A292B29F9A8FE8F6A24" box="[1309,1431,1597,1618]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="15" seconds="50" value="-23.76389">23°4550”S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F211A3A292D04F9CBF8B36A05" box="[816,939,1630,1651]" degrees="51" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="15" seconds="25" value="-51.506943">51°3025”W</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="B86D1018211A3A292D8EF9CBFF076A05" box="[954,1055,1630,1651]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2018-09-25">
<collectingDate id="A829E9F0211A3A292D8EF9CBFF076A05" box="[954,1055,1630,1651]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2018-09-25">25.ix.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="6126530E211A3A292A13F9CBFF8A6A05" box="[1063,1170,1630,1651]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E. Lameira</collectorName>
leg.,
<specimenCount id="DAD5FD51211A3A292AF6F9CBFE1D6A05" box="[1218,1285,1630,1651]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="9C759EA3211A3A292B3BF9CBFE8A6A05" box="[1295,1426,1630,1651]" collectionCode="IBSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">IBSP 303208</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7CBB3C85211A3A292D1AF915FE426AC0" collectingDate="2018-10-31" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="Jardim America II &amp; Cake House" latitude="-24.42" location="Assis Chateaubriand" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-53.520832" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCode="IBSP 303209" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Parana">
<location id="C90C6003211A3A292D1AF915F8E56AE3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:447A87CE211A3A282E81FA2FFA716DB0:C90C6003211A3A292D1AF915F8E56AE3" box="[814,1021,1664,1685]" latitude="-24.42" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-53.520832" name="Assis Chateaubriand" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" stateProvince="Parana">Assis Chateaubriand</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F211A3A292A3CF915FF626AE3" box="[1032,1146,1664,1685]" degrees="24" direction="south" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="15" seconds="12" value="-24.42">24°2512”S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F211A3A292AB6F915FFE56AE3" box="[1154,1277,1664,1685]" degrees="53" direction="west" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="15" seconds="15" value="-53.520832">53°3115”W</geoCoordinate>
),
<collectorName id="6126530E211A3A292B38F915F8456AC0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Jardim América II</collectorName>
,
<date id="B86D1018211A3A292D52F934F8DF6AC0" box="[870,967,1697,1718]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2018-10-31">
<collectingDate id="A829E9F0211A3A292D52F934F8DF6AC0" box="[870,967,1697,1718]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2018-10-31">31.x.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="6126530E211A3A292DFBF934FF526AC0" box="[975,1098,1697,1718]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cake House</collectorName>
leg.,
<specimenCount id="DAD5FD51211A3A292A48F934FFDA6AC0" box="[1148,1218,1697,1718]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="9C759EA3211A3A292AF9F934FE4B6AC0" box="[1229,1363,1697,1718]" collectionCode="IBSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">IBSP 303209</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7CBB3C85211A3A292B56F934FF356A8F" collectingDate="2019-04-22" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="A. C. de Oliveira" latitude="-25.546944" location="Porto Barreiro" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-52.40778" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCode="IBSP 303204" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Parana">
<location id="C90C6003211A3A292B56F934F89C6AA1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:447A87CE211A3A282E81FA2FFA716DB0:C90C6003211A3A292B56F934F89C6AA1" latitude="-25.546944" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-52.40778" name="Porto Barreiro" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" stateProvince="Parana">Porto Barreiro</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F211A3A292DA4F957FF1A6AA1" box="[912,1026,1730,1751]" degrees="25" direction="south" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="15" seconds="49" value="-25.546944">25°3249”S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F211A3A292A3DF957FF9C6AA1" box="[1033,1156,1730,1751]" degrees="52" direction="west" minutes="24" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="15" seconds="28" value="-52.40778">52°2428”W</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="B86D1018211A3A292AA6F957FFEE6AA1" box="[1170,1270,1730,1751]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2019-04-22">
<collectingDate id="A829E9F0211A3A292AA6F957FFEE6AA1" box="[1170,1270,1730,1751]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2019-04-22">22.iv.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="6126530E211A3A292AC9F957FE846AA1" box="[1277,1436,1730,1751]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A.C.de Oliveira</collectorName>
leg.,
<specimenCount id="DAD5FD51211A3A292D6DF971F8846A8F" box="[857,924,1764,1785]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="9C759EA3211A3A292D92F971FF3F6A8F" box="[934,1063,1764,1785]" collectionCode="IBSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">IBSP 303204</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7CBB3C85211A3A282A01F971FA3F6C88" collectingDate="2019-08-02" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="Chacara Grilo &amp; Dirceu" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" latitude="-23.31" location="Povoado Grilo" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-51.16278" municipality="Londrina" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCode="IBSP 303205" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Parana">
<collectingMunicipality id="2C08ACA2211A3A292A01F971FF8B6A8F" box="[1077,1171,1764,1785]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Londrina</collectingMunicipality>
(
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F211A3A292AA9F971FE166A8F" box="[1181,1294,1764,1785]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="15" seconds="36" value="-23.31">23°1836”S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F211A3A292B22F971FE976A8F" box="[1302,1423,1764,1785]" degrees="51" direction="west" minutes="09" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="15" seconds="46" value="-51.16278">51°0946”W</geoCoordinate>
),
<collectorName id="6126530E211B3A282EA3FF52FA306CAA" box="[151,296,199,220]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chácara Grilo</collectorName>
,
<location id="C90C6003211B3A282F1BFF52FADD6CAA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:447A87CE211A3A282E81FA2FFA716DB0:C90C6003211B3A282F1BFF52FADD6CAA" box="[303,453,199,220]" latitude="-23.31" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-51.16278" municipality="Londrina" name="Povoado Grilo" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" stateProvince="Parana">Povoado Grilo</location>
,
<date id="B86D1018211B3A282FF8FF52F9586CAA" box="[460,576,199,220]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2019-08-02">
<collectingDate id="A829E9F0211B3A282FF8FF52F9586CAA" box="[460,576,199,220]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2019-08-02">02.viii.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="6126530E211B3A282C73FF52F9956CAA" box="[583,653,199,220]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Dirceu</collectorName>
leg.,
<specimenCount id="DAD5FD51211B3A282C8BFF52F81B6CAA" box="[703,771,199,220]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="9C759EA3211B3A282EA8FF7CFA076C88" box="[156,287,233,254]" collectionCode="IBSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">IBSP 303205</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7CBB3C85211B3A282F1AFF7CF9E66D69" collectingDate="2019-06-06" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="Pronto Atendimento Municipal" latitude="-23.761944" location="Rio Bom" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-51.410835" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCode="IBSP 303206" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Parana">
<location id="C90C6003211B3A282F1AFF7CFA906C88" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:447A87CE211A3A282E81FA2FFA716DB0:C90C6003211B3A282F1AFF7CFA906C88" box="[302,392,233,254]" latitude="-23.761944" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-51.410835" name="Rio Bom" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" stateProvince="Parana">Rio Bom</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F211B3A282FA7FF7CF91E6C88" box="[403,518,233,254]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="15" seconds="43" value="-23.761944">23°4543”S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F211B3A282C3AFF7CF9926C88" box="[526,650,233,254]" degrees="51" direction="west" minutes="24" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="15" seconds="39" value="-51.410835">51°2439”W</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="B86D1018211B3A282CADFF7CF9E66C88" box="[665,766,233,254]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2019-06-06">
<collectingDate id="A829E9F0211B3A282CADFF7CF9E66C88" box="[665,766,233,254]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2019-06-06">06.vi.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="6126530E211B3A282EA1FE9FFAFA6D69" box="[149,482,266,287]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pronto Atendimento Municipal</collectorName>
leg.,
<specimenCount id="DAD5FD51211B3A282C2DFE9FF9796D69" box="[537,609,266,287]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="9C759EA3211B3A282C5BFE9FF9EF6D69" box="[623,759,266,287]" collectionCode="IBSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">IBSP 303206</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7CBB3C85211B3A282EADFEBEFBF16D14" collectingDate="2019-06-05" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="Pronto Atendimento Municipal" isTailEnumeration="true" latitude="-23.761944" location="Rio Bom" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-51.410835" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCode="IBSP 303207" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Parana">
<date id="B86D1018211B3A282EADFEBEFBE66D36" box="[153,254,299,320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2019-06-05">
<collectingDate id="A829E9F0211B3A282EADFEBEFBE66D36" box="[153,254,299,320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2019-06-05">05.vi.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="6126530E211B3A282F33FEBEF9566D36" box="[263,590,299,320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pronto Atendimento Municipal</collectorName>
leg.,
<specimenCount id="DAD5FD51211B3A282CB4FEBEF9DD6D36" box="[640,709,299,320]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="9C759EA3211B3A282CE4FEBEFBFA6D14" collectionCode="IBSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">IBSP 303207</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7CBB3C85211B3A282EC6FED8FA816DF5" collectingDate="2019-06-05" collectionCode="SESA" collectorName="P. Nunes" location="Fazenda Belarissa" municipality="Distrito Maravilha" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Parana">
<collectingMunicipality id="2C08ACA2211B3A282EC6FED8FAAC6D14" box="[242,436,333,354]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Distrito Maravilha</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="C90C6003211B3A282F89FED8F9616D14" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:447A87CE211A3A282E81FA2FFA716DB0:C90C6003211B3A282F89FED8F9616D14" box="[445,633,333,354]" municipality="Distrito Maravilha" name="Fazenda Belarissa" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" stateProvince="Parana">Fazenda Belarissa</location>
,
<date id="B86D1018211B3A282CB6FED8F9F06D14" box="[642,744,333,354]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2019-06-05">
<collectingDate id="A829E9F0211B3A282CB6FED8F9F06D14" box="[642,744,333,354]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2019-06-05">05.vi.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="6126530E211B3A282CC6FED8FBC26DF5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. Nunes</collectorName>
leg.,
<specimenCount id="DAD5FD51211B3A282F3EFEFBFA566DF5" box="[266,334,366,387]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="AAC2AE1D211B3A282F63FEFBFA8B6DF5" box="[343,403,366,387]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">SESA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7CBB3C85211B3A282F95FEFBFA7E6DB0" collectingDate="2015-09-08" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="Escola Municipal Professor Jose Marchesini" latitude="-23.425" location="Maringa" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-51.93889" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCode="IBSP 303211" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Parana">
<location id="C90C6003211B3A282F95FEFBFAE16DF5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:447A87CE211A3A282E81FA2FFA716DB0:C90C6003211B3A282F95FEFBFAE16DF5" box="[417,505,366,387]" latitude="-23.425" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-51.93889" name="Maringa" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" stateProvince="Parana">Maringá</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F211B3A282C37FEFBF96E6DF5" box="[515,630,366,387]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="15" seconds="30" value="-23.425">23°2530”S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="A9E7501F211B3A282C4AFEFBF9E16DF5" box="[638,761,366,387]" degrees="51" direction="west" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="15" seconds="20" value="-51.93889">51°5620”W</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="B86D1018211B3A282EA1FE1AFBE46DD2" box="[149,252,399,420]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2015-09-08">
<collectingDate id="A829E9F0211B3A282EA1FE1AFBE46DD2" box="[149,252,399,420]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2015-09-08">08.ix.2015</collectingDate>
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<collectorName id="6126530E211B3A282F31FE1AF9DB6DD2" box="[261,707,399,420]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Escola Municipal Professor José Marchesini</collectorName>
leg.,
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.
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View file

@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
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<taxonomicName id="0BD34D5B211B3A282EF7FA95F9CF696F" ID-CoL="64FZ7" authority="Mello-Leitao, 1923" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1923" box="[195,727,1280,1305]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Acanthoscurria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paulensis">
<emphasis id="FEA7EACA211B3A282EF7FA95FAF7696F" box="[195,495,1280,1305]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Acanthoscurria paulensis</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="FEA7EACA211B3A282FC2FA95F9CF696F" bold="true" box="[502,727,1280,1305]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Mello-Leitão, 1923</emphasis>
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<figureCitation id="54E82A5D211B3A282F9EFABEFAF76937" box="[426,495,1323,1345]" captionStart="Figures 1114" captionStartId="6.[157,236,1117,1139]" captionTargetBox="[164,1432,201,1101]" captionTargetId="figure-257@6.[159,1436,197,1111]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figures 1114. Distribution maps: (11) Psalistopoides emanueli (Pycnothelidae) and Actinopus itapitocai (Actinopodidae); (12) Grammostola actaeon (Theraphosidae) and Diplura catharinensis (Dipluridae); (13) Vitalius velutinus (Theraphosidae) and Psalistopoides fulvimanus (Pycnothelidae); (14) Vitalius dubius, Eupalaestrus campestratus andAcanthoscurria paulensis (Theraphosidae)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176800/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="FEA7EACA211B3A282F9EFABEFAF76937" bold="true" box="[426,495,1323,1345]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 14</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="0BD34D5B211B3A282EA3FAC0F97A691E" ID-CoL="64FZ7" authority="Mello-Leitao, 1923: 304" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityPageNumber="304" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,610,1365,1384]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Acanthoscurria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paulensis">
<emphasis id="FEA7EACA211B3A282EA3FAC0FA65691E" box="[151,381,1365,1384]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Acanthoscurria paulensis</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="FEA7EACA211B3A282FB1FAC0F97A691E" bold="true" box="[389,610,1365,1384]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Mello-Leitão, 1923: 304</emphasis>
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, figs 8688, 178 179;
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, figs 19.
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<treatmentCitation id="4D7210C9211B3A282EA3FA1DF91F69ED" author="Vellard J" box="[151,519,1416,1435]" page="143" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1924">
<taxonomicName id="0BD34D5B211B3A282EA3FA1DF91F69ED" ID-CoL="8ZXF" authority="Vellard, 1924: 143" authorityName="Vellard" authorityPageNumber="143" authorityYear="1924" box="[151,519,1416,1435]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Acanthoscurria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrox">
<emphasis id="FEA7EACA211B3A282EA3FA1DFA4F69ED" box="[151,343,1416,1435]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Acanthoscurria atrox</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="FEA7EACA211B3A282F6AFA1DF91F69ED" bold="true" box="[350,519,1416,1435]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Vellard, 1924: 143</emphasis>
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, pl. 8, fig. 35;
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(Syn.).
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="ECC311F6211B3A282EA3FA29FA01699E" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<treatmentCitation id="4D7210C9211B3A282EA3FA29F91769B9" author="Piza ST" box="[151,527,1468,1487]" page="161" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1972">
<taxonomicName id="0BD34D5B211B3A282EA3FA29F91769B9" ID-CoL="8ZXX" authority="Piza, 1972: 161" authorityName="Piza" authorityPageNumber="161" authorityYear="1972" box="[151,527,1468,1487]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Acanthoscurria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guaxupe">
<emphasis id="FEA7EACA211B3A282EA3FA29FA6F69B9" box="[151,375,1468,1487]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Acanthoscurria guaxupe</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A8424B29211B3A282F4BFA29F91769B9" author="Piza ST" box="[383,527,1468,1487]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="161 - 162" refId="ref24268" refString="Piza ST (1972) Uma nova aranha Theraphosidae do Brasil. Revista de Agricultura, Piracicaba 47: 161 - 162." type="journal article" year="1972">
<emphasis id="FEA7EACA211B3A282F4BFA29F91769B9" bold="true" box="[383,527,1468,1487]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Piza, 1972: 161</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="FEA7EACA211B3A282C3AFA29FA01699E" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
, fig. 1;
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(Syn.).
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records.
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<collectingMunicipality id="2C08ACA2211B3A282EE0F9F5FA4A6A03" box="[212,338,1632,1653]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Newrecords</collectingMunicipality>
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<collectingDate id="A829E9F0211B3A282ED7F917FA276AE1" box="[227,319,1666,1687]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2016-05-04">04.v.2016</collectingDate>
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de
<collectorName id="6126530E211B3A282FA4F917FAEC6AE1" box="[400,500,1666,1687]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. da Silva</collectorName>
leg.,
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;
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<location id="C90C6003211B3A282C8FF917FBFA6ACE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:447A87CE211B3A282EF7FA95F9BF6A8D:C90C6003211B3A282C8FF917FBFA6ACE" name="Jardim ParaIso" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" stateProvince="Parana">Jardim ParaÍso</location>
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leg.,
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<collectingMunicipality id="2C08ACA2211B3A282EADF951FA4A6AAF" box="[153,338,1732,1753]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cruzeiro do Oeste</collectingMunicipality>
(
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;
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),
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<date id="B86D1018211B3A282EA2F973FBE46A8D" box="[150,252,1766,1787]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2016-04-11">
<collectingDate id="A829E9F0211B3A282EA2F973FBE46A8D" box="[150,252,1766,1787]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2016-04-11">11.iv.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
, J. de
<collectorName id="6126530E211B3A282F02F973FA976A8D" box="[310,399,1766,1787]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. Xavier</collectorName>
leg.,
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)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
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<taxonomicName id="3782829657008821446DB9FF6A78FD07" ID-CoL="8N2NP" authority="(Lamouroux, 1816)" baseAuthorityName="Lamouroux" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[882,1370,703,730]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Tridentata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="turbinata">
<emphasis id="C2F6250757008821446DB9FF6B43FD07" box="[882,1121,703,730]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Tridentata turbinata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457008821436FB9FF6A71FD07" author="Lamouroux JVF" box="[1136,1363,703,730]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="181 - 188" refId="ref49179" refString="Lamouroux JVF (1816) Extrait d'un memoire des polypiers coralligenes non entierement pierreux. Nouveau Bulletin des Sciences par la Societe Philomatique de Paris 3: 181 - 188." type="journal article" year="1816">Lamouroux, 1816</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="F03DF91557008821432EB9AD6BBEFCDC" blockId="54.[1073,1180,749,769]" box="[1073,1180,749,769]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<figureCitation id="68B9E59057008821432EB9AD6BBEFCDC" box="[1073,1180,749,769]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="52.[159,217,1647,1667]" captionTargetBox="[310,1228,197,1633]" captionTargetId="figure-99@52.[310,1228,197,1633]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="Figure 22. (A) Salacia tetracythara: general view of a stem showing few hydrocladia and hydrothecae; (B) Tridentata loculosa: detail of the stem with two hydrocladia and few hydrothecae; (C-E) Tridentata marginata: (C) general view of a stem with two gonothecae (red arrows); (D) detail of a stem with few hydrocladia and hydrothecae; (E) detail of one gonotheca; (F, I) Tridentata rugosissima: (F) detail of one pair of hydrothecae; (I) general view of a stem with several hydrothecae; (G-H) Tridentata turbinata: (G) detail of one pair of hydrothecae; (H) detail of a stem with hydrothecae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176535/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 22GH</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF91557008821442FB8556B68FC9E" blockId="54.[816,1437,789,923]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
Synonyms available from:
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570088214325B8556BE4FCF4" author="Calder DR" box="[1082,1222,789,809]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 140" refId="ref47276" refString="Calder DR (1991) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Thecatae, exclusive of Plumularioidea. Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum 154: 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1991">Calder (1991)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45700882143CAB8556CADFC9E" author="Medel MD &amp; Vervoort W" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref49880" refString="Medel MD, Vervoort W (1998) Atlantic Thyroscyphidae and Sertulariidae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) collected during the CANCAP and Mauritania-II expeditions of the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, The Netherlands. Zoologische Verhandelingen 320: 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1998">Medel and Vervoort (1998)</bibRefCitation>
and Calder (2008).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B898AA9E57008821442FB80C6A3DFC46" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F03DF91557008821442FB80C6BF6FCBD" blockId="54.[816,1437,789,923]" box="[816,1236,844,864]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D092DE3B57008821442FB80C6BF6FCBD" box="[816,1236,844,864]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<treatmentCitation id="7123DF0457008821442FB80C6BF2FCBD" author="Lamouroux JVF" box="[816,1232,844,864]" page="180" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" year="1816">
<taxonomicName id="3782829657008821442FB80C6BF2FCBD" ID-CoL="8N97L" authority="Lamouroux, 1816: 180" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityPageNumber="180" authorityYear="1816" box="[816,1232,844,864]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="turbinata">
<emphasis id="C2F6250757008821442FB80C6CCFFCBD" box="[816,1005,844,864]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Dynamena turbinata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45700882144ECB80C6BF2FCBD" author="Lamouroux JVF" box="[1011,1232,844,864]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="181 - 188" refId="ref49179" refString="Lamouroux JVF (1816) Extrait d'un memoire des polypiers coralligenes non entierement pierreux. Nouveau Bulletin des Sciences par la Societe Philomatique de Paris 3: 181 - 188." type="journal article" year="1816">Lamouroux, 1816: 180</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF91557008821442FB82A6A36FCA3" blockId="54.[816,1437,789,923]" box="[816,1300,873,894]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D092DE3B57008821442FB82A6A36FCA3" box="[816,1300,873,894]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="3782829657008821442FB82A6CC2FCA0" ID-CoL="8N27J" baseAuthorityName="Lamouroux" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[816,992,873,894]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="turbinata">
<emphasis id="C2F6250757008821442FB82A6CC2FCA0" box="[816,992,873,894]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Sertularia turbinata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="7123DF045700882144EEB82A6B81FCA3" author="Migotto AE" box="[1009,1187,874,894]" page="78" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" year="1996">
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45700882144EEB82A6B81FCA3" author="Migotto AE" box="[1009,1187,874,894]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref50248" refString="Migotto AE (1996) Benthic shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the coast of Sao Sebastiao, Brazil, including a checklist of Brazilian hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen 306: 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1996">Migotto, 1996: 78</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 14F, G.
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="3782829657008821442FB8C76CD0FC47" ID-CoL="3FK7B" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[816,1010,902,923]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Geminella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ceramensis">
<emphasis id="C2F6250757008821442FB8C76CD0FC47" box="[816,1010,902,923]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Geminella ceramensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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Description: Colonies erect, up to
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high, unbranched, arising from a creeping hydrorhiza. Stem ahydrothecate at the base, internode separated by an oblique hinge, the others by slightly oblique nodes. Long internodes each with a pair of opposite hydrothecae. Hydrothecae short,
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high,
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maximum diameter, inflated at halfway their basal portion, adnate to the stem less than half their height, free portion curving outwards. Abcauline wall is almost straight at the half basal portion, and slightly concave at the curvature. Adcauline wall convex in the adnate portion and straight to perpendicular in the free portion. In some hydrothecae, it is possible to see a crossed line of perisarc at the curvature of the adcauline wall. A perisarc thickening horseshoe shape is visible at the curvature of the abcauline wall, projecting toward the center of the hydrothecae. Margin hydrothecal with three cusps, two wide laterals, and one small median adcauline. Operculum with two valves, one wide and one small. Nematocysts microbasic mastigophores? undischarged (8.210.1
<emphasis id="C2F62507570088214203BEF26A0BFA1E" bold="true" box="[1308,1321,1458,1475]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">×</emphasis>
2.43 µm), in hydranth and coenosarc.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915570088214472BEAC6B56F9C3" blockId="54.[815,1437,941,1778]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Material examined: PCS few infertile colonies from the rainy season. CZUFS CNI-00221.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915570088214472BD696B40F9E1" blockId="54.[815,1437,941,1778]" box="[877,1122,1577,1596]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Stations: PCS 5, 12, 15.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915570088214472BD086B45F987" blockId="54.[815,1437,941,1778]" box="[877,1127,1607,1627]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Bottom: gravel and sand.</paragraph>
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Distribution: The species has been recorded as
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<emphasis id="C2F6250757008821425DBD256CA5F94A" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Sertularia turbinata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="378282965700882144AABDC46B53F94A" baseAuthorityName="Lamouroux" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[949,1137,1668,1687]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Tridentata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="turbinata">
<emphasis id="C2F625075700882144AABDC46B53F94A" box="[949,1137,1668,1687]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Tridentata turbinata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="8895B98557008821438EBDC46BEEF94A" box="[1169,1228,1668,1687]" name="Brazil" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingCountry id="8895B9855700882143CDBDC46A28F94A" box="[1234,1290,1668,1687]" name="Brazil" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Brazil</collectingCountry>
<collectingRegion id="324637F7570088214201BDC46AB9F94A" box="[1310,1435,1668,1687]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Pernambuco</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457008821442ABDE26B0EF968" author="Calder DR &amp; Mayal EM" box="[821,1068,1698,1718]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="69 - 78" refId="ref47689" refString="Calder DR, Mayal EM (1998) Dry season distribution of hydroids in a small tropical estuary, Pernambuco, Brazil. Zoologische Verhandelingen 323: 69 - 78." type="journal article" year="1998">Calder and Maÿal 1998</bibRefCitation>
), Fernando de Noronha (
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457008821422ABDE26CA5F90E" author="Amaral FMD &amp; Ramos CAC &amp; Leao ZMAN &amp; Kikuchi RKP &amp; Lima KKM &amp; Longo LL &amp; Cordeiro RTS &amp; Lira SMA &amp; Vasconcelos SL" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="277 - 290" refId="ref46577" refString="Amaral FMD, Ramos CAC, Leao ZMAN, Kikuchi RKP, Lima KKM, Longo LL, Cordeiro RTS, Lira SMA, Vasconcelos SL (2009) Checklist and morphometry of benthic cnidarians from the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 50: 277 - 290." type="journal article" year="2009">Amaral et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F7570088214484BD806B08F90E" box="[923,1066,1728,1747]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570088214325BD806A07F90E" author="Grohmann PA &amp; Souza MM &amp; Nogueira CC" box="[1082,1317,1728,1748]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="227 - 232" refId="ref48824" refString="Grohmann PA, Souza MM, Nogueira CC (1997) Hydroids from the vicinity of a large industrial area in Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil. Proceedings of the 6 th International Conference on Coelenterate Biology 1995: 227 - 232." type="journal article" year="1997">Grohmann et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457008821422CBD806A45F90E" author="Grohmann PA &amp; Nogueira CC &amp; Silva VMAP" box="[1331,1383,1728,1747]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref48696" refString="Grohmann PA, Nogueira CC, Silva VMAP (2003) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) collected on the continental shelf of Brazil during the Geomar X Oceanographic Operation. Zootaxa 299: 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F7570088214264BD806CB5F92C" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45700882144BABD9E6B55F92F" author="Nogueira CC &amp; Grohmann PA &amp; Silva VMAP" box="[933,1143,1758,1778]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref50822" refString="Nogueira CC, Grohmann PA, Silva VMAP (1997) Hydroids from the vicinity of a nuclear power plant site (CNAAA-Unidade I) at Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Proceedings of the 6 th International Conference on Coelenterate Biology: 365 - 369, available online at: https: // www. researchgate. net / publication / 279450354 _ Hydroids _ from _ the _ vicinity _ of _ a _ nuclear _ power _ plant _ site _ CNAAA-Unidade _ I _ at _ Angra _ dos _ Reis _ Rio _ de _ Janeiro _ Brazil [Accessed: 10 / 04 / 2019]" type="url" year="1997">Nogueira et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457008821439DBD9E6A45F92F" author="Grohmann PA &amp; Nogueira CC &amp; Silva VMAP" box="[1154,1383,1758,1778]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref48696" refString="Grohmann PA, Nogueira CC, Silva VMAP (2003) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) collected on the continental shelf of Brazil during the Geomar X Oceanographic Operation. Zootaxa 299: 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="2003">Grohmann et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F7570088204265BD9F6FEDFF04" country="Brazil" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45701882047C5BB866EBAFF04" author="Oliveira OMP &amp; Marques AC &amp; Migotto AE" box="[218,408,198,217]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref51287" refString="Oliveira OMP, Marques AC, Migotto AE (2006) Chave de identificacao dos hidroides (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) epifiticos do Canal de Sao Sebastiao (SE, Brasil). Biota Neotropica 6: 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032006000200025" type="journal article" year="2006">Oliveira et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45701882046BFBB866D8EFF04" author="Cunha AF &amp; Jacobucci GB" box="[416,684,198,217]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="945 - 955" refId="ref48014" refString="Cunha AF, Jacobucci GB (2010) Seasonal variation of epiphytic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) associated to a subtropical Sargassum cymosum (Phaeophyta: Fucales) bed. Zoologia (Curitiba) 27: 945 - 955. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1984 - 46702010000600016" type="journal article" year="2010">
<collectingCountry id="8895B9855701882046BFBB866EC6FF04" box="[416,484,198,217]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Cunha</collectingCountry>
and Jacobucci 2010
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45701882045ABBB866E77FF2A" author="Oliveira OMP &amp; Marques AC" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="786 - 795" refId="ref51238" refString="Oliveira OMP, Marques AC (2011) Global and local patterns in the use of macrophytes as substrata by hydroids (Hydrozoa: Anthoathecata and Leptothecata). Marine Biology Research 7: 786 - 795. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000.2011.57864 7" type="journal article" year="2011">Oliveira and Marques 2011</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457018820467FBBA46DA4FF2A" author="Silveira FL &amp; Morandini AC" box="[352,646,228,247]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref52113" refString="Silveira FL, Morandini AC (2011) Checklist dos Cnidaria do Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil. Biota Neotropica 11: 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / s 1676 - 06032011000500016" type="journal article" year="2011">Silveira and Morandini 2011</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457018820458DBBA46FCCFEC8" author="Marques AC &amp; Kloh AS &amp; Migotto AE &amp; Cabral AC &amp; Rigo APR &amp; Bettim AL" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="265 - 285" refId="ref49563" refString="Marques AC, Kloh AS, Migotto AE, Cabral AC, Rigo APR, Bettim AL, et al. (2013) Rapid assessment survey of exotic benthic species in the Sao Sebastiao Channel, Brazil. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 41: 265 - 285." type="journal article" year="2013">Marques et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
), Paraná (Maria A. Haddad unpub. data), and Santa Catarina (
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45701882047E5BA606EE0FEEE" author="Miranda TP &amp; Haddad MA &amp; Shimabukuro V &amp; Dubiaski-Silva J &amp; Marques AC" box="[250,450,288,307]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="331 - 353" refId="ref50542" refString="Miranda TP, Haddad MA, Shimabukuro V, Dubiaski-Silva J, Marques AC (2011) Fauna de hidroides (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) da regiao de Bombinhas, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Biota Neotropica 11: 331 - 353." type="journal article" year="2011">Miranda et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45701882046D3BA606DA9FEEE" author="Bouzon JL &amp; Brandini FP &amp; Rocha RM" box="[460,651,288,307]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="39 - 47" refId="ref47083" refString="Bouzon JL, Brandini FP, Rocha RM (2012) Biodiversity of sessile fauna on rocky shores of coastal islands in Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. Marine Science 2: 39 - 47." type="journal article" year="2012">Bouzon et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
). World distribution circumglobal from tropical to subtropical regions (
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570188204781BA1B6E01FEB3" author="Millard NAH" box="[158,291,347,366]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 513" refId="ref50466" refString="Millard NAH (1975) Monograph on the Hydroida of Southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 68: 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">Millard 1975</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF9155701882047CBBA396DDAFE15" blockId="55.[150,773,198,486]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
Taxonomic remarks: According to Calder (2019) this species has long been misassigned to a non-monophyletic genus
<taxonomicName id="37828296570188204786BAF56EACFE15" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[153,398,437,456]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C2F62507570188204786BAF56FD0FE15" box="[153,242,437,456]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Sertularia</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
</taxonomicName>
instead of
<taxonomicName id="378282965701882046E3BAF56DD6FE15" authority="Stechow, 1920" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1920" box="[508,756,437,456]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Tridentata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C2F625075701882046E3BAF56D7EFE15" box="[508,604,437,456]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Tridentata</emphasis>
Stechow, 1920
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF9155701882047CBBA936D1FFE3B" blockId="55.[150,773,198,486]" box="[212,573,466,486]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Remarks: All colonies were on algae.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
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<subSubSection id="B898AA9E5706882744B0B8156A3CFCAD" box="[943,1310,853,880]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F03DF9155706882744B0B8156A3CFCAD" blockId="48.[943,1310,853,880]" box="[943,1310,853,880]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<heading id="AB754E795706882744B0B8156A3CFCAD" box="[943,1310,853,880]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="378282965706882744B0B8156A3CFCAD" ID-CoL="36FLC" authority="(Busk, 1852)" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[943,1310,853,880]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Diphasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="digitalis">
<emphasis id="C2F625075706882744B0B8156B58FCAD" box="[943,1146,853,880]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Diphasia digitalis</emphasis>
(Busk, 1852)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B898AA9E57068827432CB83E6B99FC66" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="description">
<paragraph id="F03DF91557068827432CB83E6BB8FC4F" blockId="48.[1075,1178,894,914]" box="[1075,1178,894,914]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<figureCitation id="68B9E59057068827432CB83E6BB8FC4F" box="[1075,1178,894,914]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="50.[159,217,1645,1665]" captionTargetBox="[330,1265,197,1633]" captionTargetId="figure-103@50.[330,1265,197,1633]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Figure 21. (A) Amphisbetia distans: detail of a stem with few hydrothecae and one gonotheca; (B-C) Diphasia digitalis: (B) general view of a stem; (C) detail of two pairs of hydrothecae; (D) Dynamena disticha: detail of a stem with two pairs of hydrothecae and one gonotheca; (E, G-H) Idiellana pristis: (E) detail of the hydrocladium with three pairs of hydrothecae; (G) detail of a stem with few gonothecae (red arrows); (H) detail of two gonothecae; (F) Diphasia tropica: detail of a stem with three pairs of hydrothecae; (I) Dynamena crisioides: detail of a stem with few hydrothecae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176533/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 21BC</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF91557068827442FB8E76B99FC66" blockId="48.[816,1312,935,1035]" box="[816,1211,935,955]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
Synonyms available from:
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570688274337B8E76B9AFC66" author="Watson JE" box="[1064,1208,935,955]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref52855" refString="Watson JE (2000) Hydroids (Hydrozoa: Leptothecatae) from the Beagle Gulf and Darwin Harbour, northern Australia. The Beagle: Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory 16: 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="2000">Watson (2000)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B898AA9E57068827442FB8826B52FBD6" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F03DF91557068827442FB8826B8BFC0B" blockId="48.[816,1312,935,1035]" box="[816,1193,962,982]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName id="3782829657068827442FB8826B56FC0B" ID-CoL="4WYGJ" authority="Busk, 1852: 387" authorityName="Busk" authorityPageNumber="387" authorityYear="1852" box="[816,1140,962,982]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="digitalis">
<emphasis id="C2F6250757068827442FB8826CF3FC0B" box="[816,977,962,982]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Sertularia digitalis</emphasis>
Busk, 1852: 387
</taxonomicName>
, 393.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF91557068827442FB89C6A02FC2D" blockId="48.[816,1312,935,1035]" box="[816,1312,988,1008]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName id="3782829657068827442FB89C6CC9FC2D" ID-CoL="73XTX" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[816,1003,988,1008]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Nigellastrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="digitale">
<emphasis id="C2F6250757068827442FB89C6CC9FC2D" box="[816,1003,988,1008]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Nigellastrum digitale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45706882744E5B89C6BA9FC2D" author="Vannucci M" box="[1018,1163,988,1008]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="216 - 266" refId="ref52406" refString="Vannucci M (1949) Hydrozoa do Brasil. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo 99: 216 - 266." type="journal article" year="1949">Vannucci 1949</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457068827438BB89C6BEDFC2D" author="Vannucci M" box="[1172,1231,988,1008]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="105 - 124" refId="ref52483" refString="Vannucci M (1951 a) Distribuicao dos Hydrozoa ate agora conhecidos nas costas do Brasil. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 2: 105 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0100 - 42391951000100004" type="journal article" year="1951">1951a</bibRefCitation>
[polyp].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF91557068827442FB8B76B52FBD6" blockId="48.[816,1312,935,1035]" box="[816,1136,1015,1035]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D092DE3B57068827442FB8B76B52FBD6" box="[816,1136,1015,1035]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName id="3782829657068827442FB8B76CE8FBD6" ID-CoL="36FLC" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[816,970,1015,1035]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Diphasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="digitalis">
<emphasis id="C2F6250757068827442FB8B76CE8FBD6" box="[816,970,1015,1035]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Diphasia digitalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="7123DF045706882744C4B8B76B4EFBD6" author="Mayal EM" box="[987,1132,1015,1035]" page="7" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45706882744C4B8B76B4EFBD6" author="Mayal EM" box="[987,1132,1015,1035]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref49844" refString="Mayal EM (1983) Distribuicao de hidroides (Hydrozoa, Thecata) na costa do estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Boletim de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo 8: 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1983">Maÿal, 1983: 7</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B898AA9E570688274472BF5D6A7CF93D" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="description">
<paragraph id="F03DF915570688274472BF5D6AAFFAA4" blockId="48.[815,1438,1053,1760]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
Description: Colonies erect, up to
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high, arising from a creeping and tubular hydrorhiza. Stem monosiphonic, composed of several internodes. First internode long, ahydrothecate, separated by a transverse node. Hydrocladia
<quantity id="377A54F0570688274257BF376C78FB75" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.53" metricValueMax="2.31" metricValueMin="0.75" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="15.3" valueMax="23.1" valueMin="7.5">7.523.1 mm</quantity>
long, arising from the stem at angles of 97.7137.6
<emphasis id="C2F6250757068827427FBFD76A4AFB75" bold="true" box="[1376,1384,1175,1192]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">°</emphasis>
, also composed of internodes. Stem and hydrocladia with a pair of hydrothecae per internode. Hydrothecae tubular, elongate,
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high,
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in maximum width, expanding from the base to the distal portion, adnate to internode for more than half their high, free end portion slightly curving outward. The adnate portion of paired hydrothecae in contact. Margin quadrangular, operculum with a wide acauline valve.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915570688274472BEC46A6BFA68" blockId="48.[815,1438,1053,1760]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Material examined: VB few infertile colonies from the dry and rainy seasons. CZUFS CNI-00062; CNI-00207.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915570688274472BEFF6A09FA0F" blockId="48.[815,1438,1053,1760]" box="[877,1323,1471,1491]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Stations: VB C1P56, C2P12, C2P34, C3P56.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915570688274472BE9D6BAEF95B" blockId="48.[815,1438,1053,1760]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
Distribution:
<collectingCountry id="8895B9855706882744ECBE9D6B08FA2D" box="[1011,1066,1501,1520]" name="Brazil" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Brazil</collectingCountry>
<collectingRegion id="324637F757068827435EBE9D6B5BFA2D" box="[1089,1145,1501,1520]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Bahia</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570688274399BE9D6A2DFA2D" author="Nutting CC" box="[1158,1295,1501,1521]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 325" refId="ref51043" refString="Nutting CC (1904) American hydroids. P. II, the Sertulariidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 4: 1 - 325." type="journal article" year="1904">Nutting 1904</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F757068827423FBE9D6ABFFA2D" box="[1312,1437,1501,1520]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Pernambuco</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570688274428BEBB6C8FF9D3" author="Mayal EM" box="[823,941,1531,1551]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref49844" refString="Mayal EM (1983) Distribuicao de hidroides (Hydrozoa, Thecata) na costa do estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Boletim de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo 8: 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1983">Maÿal 1983</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45706882744AABEBB6BB9F9D3" author="Calder DR &amp; Mayal EM" box="[949,1179,1531,1551]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="69 - 78" refId="ref47689" refString="Calder DR, Mayal EM (1998) Dry season distribution of hydroids in a small tropical estuary, Pernambuco, Brazil. Zoologische Verhandelingen 323: 69 - 78." type="journal article" year="1998">Calder and Maÿal 1998</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F75706882743B4BEBB6A10F9D3" box="[1195,1330,1531,1550]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570688274221BEBB6C43F9F1" author="Vannucci M" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="216 - 266" refId="ref52406" refString="Vannucci M (1949) Hydrozoa do Brasil. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo 99: 216 - 266." type="journal article" year="1949">Vannucci 1949</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570688274476BD596C84F9F1" author="Vannucci M" box="[873,934,1561,1580]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="105 - 124" refId="ref52483" refString="Vannucci M (1951 a) Distribuicao dos Hydrozoa ate agora conhecidos nas costas do Brasil. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 2: 105 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0100 - 42391951000100004" type="journal article" year="1951">1951a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45706882744B1BD596B4BF9F1" author="Miranda TP &amp; Genzano GN &amp; Marques AC" box="[942,1129,1561,1580]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="484 - 506" refId="ref50491" refString="Miranda TP, Genzano GN, Marques AC (2015) Areas of endemism in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean based on the distribution of benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zootaxa 4033: 484 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4033.4.2" type="journal article" year="2015">Miranda et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F7570688274368BD596BF1F9F1" box="[1143,1235,1561,1580]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45706882743C1BD596CB0F997" author="Silveira FL &amp; Morandini AC" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref52113" refString="Silveira FL, Morandini AC (2011) Checklist dos Cnidaria do Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil. Biota Neotropica 11: 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / s 1676 - 06032011000500016" type="journal article" year="2011">Silveira and Morandini 2011</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570688274483BD776B56F997" author="Fernandez MO &amp; Navarrete SA &amp; Marques AC" box="[924,1140,1591,1610]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="144 - 152" refId="ref48130" refString="Fernandez MO, Navarrete SA, Marques AC (2014) Temporal variation in richness and composition of recruits in a diverse cnidarian assemblage of subtropical Brazil. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 460: 144 - 152." type="journal article" year="2014">Fernandez et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
), and
<collectingRegion id="324637F75706882743AEBD776A61F997" box="[1201,1347,1591,1610]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457068827424FBD776CBFF9B5" author="Bouzon JL &amp; Brandini FP &amp; Rocha RM" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="39 - 47" refId="ref47083" refString="Bouzon JL, Brandini FP, Rocha RM (2012) Biodiversity of sessile fauna on rocky shores of coastal islands in Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. Marine Science 2: 39 - 47." type="journal article" year="2012">Bouzon et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
). World distribution circumglobal in tropical and subtropical regions (
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45706882744E5BD336BA0F95B" author="Watson JE" box="[1018,1154,1651,1670]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref52855" refString="Watson JE (2000) Hydroids (Hydrozoa: Leptothecatae) from the Beagle Gulf and Darwin Harbour, northern Australia. The Beagle: Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory 16: 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="2000">Watson 2000</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915570688274472BDD06A7CF93D" blockId="48.[815,1438,1053,1760]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
Remarks: Colonies large, mainly colonizing the plates, and partially on
<taxonomicName id="378282965706882744CCBDEE6B1DF91F" box="[979,1087,1710,1730]" class="Polychaeta" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="class">Polychaeta</taxonomicName>
tubes, Bryozoa, Ascidiacea, and the hydroids
<taxonomicName id="37828296570688274491BD8C6BA7F902" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[910,1157,1740,1759]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Corydendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parasiticum">
<emphasis id="C2F62507570688274491BD8C6BA7F902" box="[910,1157,1740,1759]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Corydendrium parasiticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="378282965706882743A8BD8D6A7BF902" authorityName="Goldfuss" authorityYear="1820" box="[1207,1369,1740,1759]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pennariidae" genus="Pennaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="disticha">
<emphasis id="C2F625075706882743A8BD8D6A7BF902" box="[1207,1369,1740,1759]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Pennaria disticha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
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<subSubSection id="B898AA9E5706882747FDB9246DEAFDA2" box="[226,712,612,639]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F03DF9155706882747FDB9246DEAFDA2" blockId="48.[159,780,612,882]" box="[226,712,612,639]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<heading id="AB754E795706882747FDB9246DEAFDA2" box="[226,712,612,639]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="378282965706882747FDB9246DEAFDA2" ID-CoL="846KP" authority="(Lamouroux, 1816)" baseAuthorityName="Lamouroux" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[226,712,612,639]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Amphisbetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="distans">
<emphasis id="C2F625075706882747FDB9246EECFDA2" box="[226,462,612,639]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Amphisbetia distans</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45706882746C2B9246DE2FDA2" author="Lamouroux JVF" box="[477,704,612,639]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="181 - 188" refId="ref49179" refString="Lamouroux JVF (1816) Extrait d'un memoire des polypiers coralligenes non entierement pierreux. Nouveau Bulletin des Sciences par la Societe Philomatique de Paris 3: 181 - 188." type="journal article" year="1816">Lamouroux, 1816</bibRefCitation>
)
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</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="B898AA9E5706882746B1B9CA6ECEFD04" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="description">
<paragraph id="F03DF9155706882746B1B9CA6EDEFD43" blockId="48.[159,780,612,882]" box="[430,508,650,670]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<figureCitation id="68B9E5905706882746B1B9CA6EDEFD43" box="[430,508,650,670]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="50.[159,217,1645,1665]" captionTargetBox="[330,1265,197,1633]" captionTargetId="figure-103@50.[330,1265,197,1633]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Figure 21. (A) Amphisbetia distans: detail of a stem with few hydrothecae and one gonotheca; (B-C) Diphasia digitalis: (B) general view of a stem; (C) detail of two pairs of hydrothecae; (D) Dynamena disticha: detail of a stem with two pairs of hydrothecae and one gonotheca; (E, G-H) Idiellana pristis: (E) detail of the hydrocladium with three pairs of hydrothecae; (G) detail of a stem with few gonothecae (red arrows); (H) detail of two gonothecae; (F) Diphasia tropica: detail of a stem with three pairs of hydrothecae; (I) Dynamena crisioides: detail of a stem with few hydrothecae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176533/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 21A</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915570688274780B9EB6ECEFD04" blockId="48.[159,780,612,882]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
Synonyms available from: Peña Cantero and García Carracosa (2002) and
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570688274632B9856ECAFD04" author="Calder DR &amp; Carlton JT &amp; Larson K &amp; Mallinson JJ &amp; Choong HHC &amp; Keith I &amp; Ruiz GM" box="[301,488,709,729]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="21 - 58" refId="ref47537" refString="Calder DR, Carlton JT, Larson K, Mallinson JJ, Choong HHC, Keith I, Ruiz GM (2019) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from marine fouling assemblages in the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. Aquatic Invasions 14: 21 - 58." type="journal article" year="2019">Calder et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B898AA9E570688274780B99E6E2AFCAF" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F03DF915570688274780B99E6DE2FD2F" blockId="48.[159,780,612,882]" box="[159,704,734,754]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D092DE3B570688274780B99E6DE2FD2F" box="[159,704,734,754]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<treatmentCitation id="7123DF04570688274780B99E6D01FD2F" author="Lamouroux JVF" box="[159,547,734,754]" page="180" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" year="1816">
<taxonomicName id="37828296570688274780B99E6D01FD2F" ID-CoL="7Z26F" authority="Lamouroux 1816: 180" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityPageNumber="180" authorityYear="1816" box="[159,547,734,754]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="distans">
<emphasis id="C2F62507570688274780B99E6E65FD2F" box="[159,327,734,754]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Dynamena distans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570688274652B99E6D01FD2F" author="Lamouroux JVF" box="[333,547,734,754]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="181 - 188" refId="ref49179" refString="Lamouroux JVF (1816) Extrait d'un memoire des polypiers coralligenes non entierement pierreux. Nouveau Bulletin des Sciences par la Societe Philomatique de Paris 3: 181 - 188." type="journal article" year="1816">Lamouroux 1816: 180</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 5, fig. 1A, B.
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<paragraph id="F03DF915570688274780B9B86E68FCF8" blockId="48.[159,780,612,882]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName id="37828296570688274780B9B86D6EFCD1" ID-CoL="7Z26H" authority="Vannucci Mendes 1946" authorityName="Vannucci Mendes" authorityYear="1946" box="[159,588,759,780]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="erasmoi">
<emphasis id="C2F62507570688274780B9B86E68FCD6" box="[159,330,759,780]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Sertularia erasmoi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570688274646B9B86D6EFCD1" author="Vannucci Mendes M" box="[345,588,760,780]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="535 - 598" refId="ref52653" refString="Vannucci Mendes M (1946) Hydroida Thecaphora do Brasil. Arquivos de Zoologia do Estado de Sao Paulo 4: 535 - 598." type="journal article" year="1946">Vannucci Mendes 1946</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570688274577B9B86C25FCD1" author="Vannucci M" box="[616,775,760,780]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="216 - 266" refId="ref52406" refString="Vannucci M (1949) Hydrozoa do Brasil. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo 99: 216 - 266." type="journal article" year="1949">Vannucci, 1949</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45706882747A2B8516FDAFCF8" author="Vannucci M" box="[189,248,785,805]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="105 - 124" refId="ref52483" refString="Vannucci M (1951 a) Distribuicao dos Hydrozoa ate agora conhecidos nas costas do Brasil. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 2: 105 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0100 - 42391951000100004" type="journal article" year="1951">1951a</bibRefCitation>
[polyp].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915570688274780B86B6DE6FCE2" blockId="48.[159,780,612,882]" box="[159,708,810,831]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName id="37828296570688274780B86B6ED3FCE2" ID-CoL="84D8S" authority="Vannucci, 1949" authorityName="Vannucci" authorityYear="1949" box="[159,497,810,831]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="minuscula">
<emphasis id="C2F62507570688274780B86B6E74FCE3" box="[159,342,810,831]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Sertularia minuscula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570688274643B86B6ED3FCE2" author="Vannucci M" box="[348,497,811,831]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="216 - 266" refId="ref52406" refString="Vannucci M (1949) Hydrozoa do Brasil. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo 99: 216 - 266." type="journal article" year="1949">Vannucci, 1949</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45706882746E5B86B6D0CFCE2" author="Vannucci M" box="[506,558,811,831]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="81 - 96" refId="ref52435" refString="Vannucci M (1950) Resultados cientificos do Cruzeiro do &quot; Baependi &quot; e do &quot; Vega &quot; a Ilha da Trindade. Hydrozoa. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 1: 81 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / s 0100 - 42391950000100007" type="journal article" year="1950">1950</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570688274528B86B6D51FCE2" author="Vannucci M" box="[567,627,811,831]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="105 - 124" refId="ref52483" refString="Vannucci M (1951 a) Distribuicao dos Hydrozoa ate agora conhecidos nas costas do Brasil. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 2: 105 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0100 - 42391951000100004" type="journal article" year="1951">1951a</bibRefCitation>
[polyp].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915570688274780B8046E2AFCAF" blockId="48.[159,780,612,882]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName id="37828296570688274780B8046E66FC85" ID-CoL="7X3VP" baseAuthorityName="Lamouroux" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[159,324,836,856]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Tridentata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="distans">
<emphasis id="C2F62507570688274780B8046E66FC85" box="[159,324,836,856]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Tridentata distans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570688274646B8056D69FC84" author="Calder DR &amp; Mayal EM" box="[345,587,837,857]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="69 - 78" refId="ref47689" refString="Calder DR, Mayal EM (1998) Dry season distribution of hydroids in a small tropical estuary, Pernambuco, Brazil. Zoologische Verhandelingen 323: 69 - 78." type="journal article" year="1998">Calder and Maÿal, 1998</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457068827457CB8056C29FC84" author="Grohmann PA" box="[611,779,837,857]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="97 - 112" refId="ref48657" refString="Grohmann PA (2006) Importancia dos acompanhamentos de longa duracao no estudo da biodiversidade: exemplo da fauna de hidroides (Cnidaria) da Baia do Espirito Santo. Floresta e Ambiente 13: 97 - 112." type="journal article" year="2006">Grohmann, 2006</bibRefCitation>
[polyp].
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="B898AA9E5706882747C4B8C86CF5FCF2" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="description">
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Description: Colonies erect, up to
<quantity id="377A54F0570688274523B8C86DB5FC46" box="[572,663,904,923]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.14" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="11.4">11.4 mm</quantity>
high, with several pairs of hydrothecae, arising from a creeping hydrorhiza. Stem monosiphonic, unbranched, basal part ahydrothecate separated by an oblique node. The remaining part of the stem composed of several internodes separated by transverse and oblique nodes, each one with a pair of opposite hydrothecae. Hydrothecae tubular,
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long, increasing in diameter distally,
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maximum diameter, adnate to stem for up to half its high, free distal portion inclined outwards. The adnate portion of the paired hydrothecae in contact. The basal portion of hydrothecae with one or two internal projections. Margin smooth, with two abcauline triangular cusps and a small- er adcauline one. The operculum is composed of two valves, the adcauline usually divided in half. Gonothecae ovoid,
<quantity id="377A54F05706882745B6BE4C6FE7FAE0" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.65" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.3" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="0.765" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.73">0.730.80 mm</quantity>
high,
<quantity id="377A54F057068827461DBE6A6EADFAE0" box="[258,399,1322,1341]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" metricValueMax="5.1" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="0.48" valueMax="0.51" valueMin="0.45">0.450.51 mm</quantity>
wide, circular opening, arising in short pedicel in one of the basal internodes. Nematocysts, probably microbasic mastigophores discharged in coenosarc and hydranth (11.613.1
<emphasis id="C2F62507570688274612BEC66E38FA4A" bold="true" box="[269,282,1414,1431]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">×</emphasis>
3.43.9 µm).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF9155706882747C4BEE16E33F9F1" blockId="48.[157,781,903,1759]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Material examined: PCS abundant colonies, several of them with gonothecae, from the dry and rainy seasons; VB two infertile colonies, one from dry and the other from rainy season. CZUFS CNI-00025; CNI-00061; CNI-00203; CNI-00204; CNI-00206.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF9155706882747C4BD776EA9F9B5" blockId="48.[157,781,903,1759]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Stations: PCS 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18; VB C1P56, C2P34.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF9155706882747C4BD336D37F958" blockId="48.[157,781,903,1759]" box="[219,533,1650,1670]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Bottom: gravel, sand, and mud.</paragraph>
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Distribution:
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Fernando de Noronha (
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,
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),
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(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570688274530BDEE6C25F91C" author="Marques AC &amp; Shimabukuro V &amp; Morandini AC &amp; Migotto AE" box="[559,775,1710,1730]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="71 - 112" refId="ref49741" refString="Marques AC, Shimabukuro V, Morandini AC, Migotto AE (2006) Cnidaria Medusozoa do litoral do estado do Ceara. In: Matthews-Cascon H, Lotufo TMC (Eds) Biota marinha da costa este do Ceara. Ministerio do Meio Ambiente Pronabio, Brasilia, 71 - 112." type="book chapter" year="2006">Marques et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570688274780BD8C6E41F902" author="Shimabukuro V" box="[159,355,1740,1759]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref51932" refString="Shimabukuro V (2007) As associacoes epizoicas de Hydrozoa (Cnidaria: Leptothecata, Anthoathecata e Limnomedusae): I) Estudo faunistico de hidrozoarios epizoicos e seus organismos associados; II) Dinamica de comunidades bentonicas em substratos artificiais. Master's Dissertation, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 275 pp, available online at: https: // teses. usp. br / teses / disponiveis / 41 / 41133 / tde- 29082007 - 145731 / pt-br. php [Accessed: 02 / 05 / 2019]" type="book" year="2007">Shimabukuro 2007</bibRefCitation>
),
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(Felipe F. Campos unpub. data),
<collectingRegion id="324637F757068827442DBB866C93FF04" box="[818,945,198,217]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Pernambuco</collectingRegion>
(
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),
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(Maximiliano M. Maronna unpub. data),
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(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45706882743BFBBA46AB3FF2A" author="Grohmann PA &amp; Nogueira CC &amp; Silva VMAP" box="[1184,1425,228,247]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref48696" refString="Grohmann PA, Nogueira CC, Silva VMAP (2003) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) collected on the continental shelf of Brazil during the Geomar X Oceanographic Operation. Zootaxa 299: 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="2003">Grohmann et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F757068827442FBA426C9FFEC8" box="[816,957,258,277]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45706882744D6BA426B46FEC8" author="Vannucci M" box="[969,1124,258,277]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="216 - 266" refId="ref52406" refString="Vannucci M (1949) Hydrozoa do Brasil. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo 99: 216 - 266." type="journal article" year="1949">Vannucci 1949</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570688274371BA426B8FFEC8" author="Vannucci M" box="[1134,1197,258,277]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="105 - 124" refId="ref52483" refString="Vannucci M (1951 a) Distribuicao dos Hydrozoa ate agora conhecidos nas costas do Brasil. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 2: 105 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0100 - 42391951000100004" type="journal article" year="1951">1951a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45706882743A8BA426ABAFEC8" author="Grohmann PA &amp; Souza MM &amp; Nogueira CC" box="[1207,1432,258,277]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="227 - 232" refId="ref48824" refString="Grohmann PA, Souza MM, Nogueira CC (1997) Hydroids from the vicinity of a large industrial area in Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil. Proceedings of the 6 th International Conference on Coelenterate Biology 1995: 227 - 232." type="journal article" year="1997">Grohmann et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457068827442FBA606C47FEEE" author="Grohmann PA &amp; Nogueira CC &amp; Silva VMAP" box="[816,869,288,307]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref48696" refString="Grohmann PA, Nogueira CC, Silva VMAP (2003) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) collected on the continental shelf of Brazil during the Geomar X Oceanographic Operation. Zootaxa 299: 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
),
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<bibRefCitation id="941384E457068827430DBA606B8FFEEE" author="Vannucci M" box="[1042,1197,288,307]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="216 - 266" refId="ref52406" refString="Vannucci M (1949) Hydrozoa do Brasil. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo 99: 216 - 266." type="journal article" year="1949">Vannucci 1949</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45706882743A7BA5F6BCEFEEF" author="Vannucci M" box="[1208,1260,287,306]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="81 - 96" refId="ref52435" refString="Vannucci M (1950) Resultados cientificos do Cruzeiro do &quot; Baependi &quot; e do &quot; Vega &quot; a Ilha da Trindade. Hydrozoa. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 1: 81 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / s 0100 - 42391950000100007" type="journal article" year="1950">1950</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45706882743E9BA5F6A14FEEF" author="Vannucci M" box="[1270,1334,287,306]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="105 - 124" refId="ref52483" refString="Vannucci M (1951 a) Distribuicao dos Hydrozoa ate agora conhecidos nas costas do Brasil. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 2: 105 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0100 - 42391951000100004" type="journal article" year="1951">1951a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457068827425FBA5F6CB9FE8C" author="Nogueira CC &amp; Grohmann PA &amp; Silva VMAP" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref50822" refString="Nogueira CC, Grohmann PA, Silva VMAP (1997) Hydroids from the vicinity of a nuclear power plant site (CNAAA-Unidade I) at Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Proceedings of the 6 th International Conference on Coelenterate Biology: 365 - 369, available online at: https: // www. researchgate. net / publication / 279450354 _ Hydroids _ from _ the _ vicinity _ of _ a _ nuclear _ power _ plant _ site _ CNAAA-Unidade _ I _ at _ Angra _ dos _ Reis _ Rio _ de _ Janeiro _ Brazil [Accessed: 10 / 04 / 2019]" type="url" year="1997">Nogueira et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45706882744BABA7D6B49FE8D" author="Miranda TP &amp; Genzano GN &amp; Marques AC" box="[933,1131,317,337]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="484 - 506" refId="ref50491" refString="Miranda TP, Genzano GN, Marques AC (2015) Areas of endemism in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean based on the distribution of benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zootaxa 4033: 484 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4033.4.2" type="journal article" year="2015">Miranda et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F7570688274364BA7E6BFEFE8D" box="[1147,1244,317,337]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45706882743F7BA7D6C47FEB3" author="Vannucci Mendes M" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="535 - 598" refId="ref52653" refString="Vannucci Mendes M (1946) Hydroida Thecaphora do Brasil. Arquivos de Zoologia do Estado de Sao Paulo 4: 535 - 598." type="journal article" year="1946">Vannucci Mendes 1946</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457068827446DBA1B6B33FEB3" author="Vannucci M" box="[882,1041,347,366]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="216 - 266" refId="ref52406" refString="Vannucci M (1949) Hydrozoa do Brasil. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo 99: 216 - 266." type="journal article" year="1949">Vannucci 1949</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570688274300BA1B6B7DFEB3" author="Vannucci M" box="[1055,1119,347,366]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="105 - 124" refId="ref52483" refString="Vannucci M (1951 a) Distribuicao dos Hydrozoa ate agora conhecidos nas costas do Brasil. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 2: 105 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0100 - 42391951000100004" type="journal article" year="1951">1951a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570688274372BA1B6BDCFEB3" author="Migotto AE" box="[1133,1278,347,367]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref50248" refString="Migotto AE (1996) Benthic shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the coast of Sao Sebastiao, Brazil, including a checklist of Brazilian hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen 306: 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1996">Migotto 1996</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570688274214BA1B6C46FE51" author="Oliveira OMP &amp; Marques AC &amp; Migotto AE" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref51287" refString="Oliveira OMP, Marques AC, Migotto AE (2006) Chave de identificacao dos hidroides (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) epifiticos do Canal de Sao Sebastiao (SE, Brasil). Biota Neotropica 6: 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032006000200025" type="journal article" year="2006">Oliveira et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570688274471BA396B0DFE51" author="Shimabukuro V" box="[878,1071,377,396]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref51932" refString="Shimabukuro V (2007) As associacoes epizoicas de Hydrozoa (Cnidaria: Leptothecata, Anthoathecata e Limnomedusae): I) Estudo faunistico de hidrozoarios epizoicos e seus organismos associados; II) Dinamica de comunidades bentonicas em substratos artificiais. Master's Dissertation, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 275 pp, available online at: https: // teses. usp. br / teses / disponiveis / 41 / 41133 / tde- 29082007 - 145731 / pt-br. php [Accessed: 02 / 05 / 2019]" type="book" year="2007">Shimabukuro 2007</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570688274327BA396A6BFE51" author="Oliveira OMP &amp; Marques AC" box="[1080,1353,377,397]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="786 - 795" refId="ref51238" refString="Oliveira OMP, Marques AC (2011) Global and local patterns in the use of macrophytes as substrata by hydroids (Hydrozoa: Anthoathecata and Leptothecata). Marine Biology Research 7: 786 - 795. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000.2011.57864 7" type="journal article" year="2011">Oliveira and Marques 2011</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457068827424CBA396B22FE77" author="Silveira FL &amp; Morandini AC" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref52113" refString="Silveira FL, Morandini AC (2011) Checklist dos Cnidaria do Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil. Biota Neotropica 11: 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / s 1676 - 06032011000500016" type="journal article" year="2011">Silveira and Morandini 2011</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570688274316BAD76BECFE77" author="Miranda TP &amp; Genzano GN &amp; Marques AC" box="[1033,1230,407,426]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="484 - 506" refId="ref50491" refString="Miranda TP, Genzano GN, Marques AC (2015) Areas of endemism in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean based on the distribution of benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zootaxa 4033: 484 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4033.4.2" type="journal article" year="2015">Miranda et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F75706882743C2BAD76A03FE77" box="[1245,1313,407,426]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Paraná</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570688274232BAD76CA1FE15" author="Miranda TP &amp; Genzano GN &amp; Marques AC" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="484 - 506" refId="ref50491" refString="Miranda TP, Genzano GN, Marques AC (2015) Areas of endemism in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean based on the distribution of benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zootaxa 4033: 484 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4033.4.2" type="journal article" year="2015">Miranda et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
, Maria A. Haddad unpub. data), and
<collectingRegion id="324637F757068827421ABAF56AB8FE15" box="[1285,1434,437,456]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570688274426BA936B20FE3B" author="Miranda TP &amp; Haddad MA &amp; Shimabukuro V &amp; Dubiaski-Silva J &amp; Marques AC" box="[825,1026,467,486]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="331 - 353" refId="ref50542" refString="Miranda TP, Haddad MA, Shimabukuro V, Dubiaski-Silva J, Marques AC (2011) Fauna de hidroides (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) da regiao de Bombinhas, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Biota Neotropica 11: 331 - 353." type="journal article" year="2011">Miranda et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570688274312BA936B63FE3B" author="Miranda TP &amp; Genzano GN &amp; Marques AC" box="[1037,1089,467,486]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="484 - 506" refId="ref50491" refString="Miranda TP, Genzano GN, Marques AC (2015) Areas of endemism in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean based on the distribution of benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zootaxa 4033: 484 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4033.4.2" type="journal article" year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570688274353BA936A2FFE3B" author="Bouzon JL &amp; Brandini FP &amp; Rocha RM" box="[1100,1293,467,486]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="39 - 47" refId="ref47083" refString="Bouzon JL, Brandini FP, Rocha RM (2012) Biodiversity of sessile fauna on rocky shores of coastal islands in Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. Marine Science 2: 39 - 47." type="journal article" year="2012">Bouzon et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
). World distribution circumglobal or likely circuntropical (
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570688274207BAB16ABAFDD9" author="Calder DR" box="[1304,1432,497,516]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 140" refId="ref47276" refString="Calder DR (1991) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Thecatae, exclusive of Plumularioidea. Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum 154: 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1991">Calder 1991</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457068827442FB94F6B09FDFF" author="Boero F &amp; Bouillon J" box="[816,1067,526,546]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="239 - 266" refId="ref46966" refString="Boero F, Bouillon J (1993) Zoogeography and life cycle patterns of Mediterranean hydromedusae (Cnidaria). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 48: 239 - 266." type="journal article" year="1993">Boero and Bouillon 1993</bibRefCitation>
, see detailed records in
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457068827420AB94F6B69FD9D" author="Pena Cantero AL &amp; Garcia Carrascosa AM" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 180" refId="ref51386" refString="Pena Cantero AL, Garcia Carrascosa AM (2002) The benthic hydroid fauna of the Chafarinas Islands (Alboran Sea, western Mediterranean). Zoologische Verhandelingen 337: 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="2002">Peña Cantero and García Carrascosa 2002</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915570688274472B90A6BB1FD08" blockId="48.[815,1438,198,815]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
Taxonomic remarks: The species has been recorded as
<taxonomicName id="3782829657068827442FB9286CF1FDA6" box="[816,979,616,635]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="distans">
<emphasis id="C2F6250757068827442FB9286CF1FDA6" box="[816,979,616,635]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Sertularia distans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="37828296570688274316B9286B91FDA6" baseAuthorityName="Lamouroux" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[1033,1203,616,635]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Tridentata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="distans">
<emphasis id="C2F62507570688274316B9286B91FDA6" box="[1033,1203,616,635]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Tridentata distans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="8895B9855706882743CAB9286A2EFDA6" box="[1237,1292,616,635]" name="Brazil" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Brazil</collectingCountry>
until the molecular results presented by
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570688274320B9C66BD8FD44" author="Moura CJ &amp; Cunha MR &amp; Porteiro FM &amp; Rogers AD" box="[1087,1274,646,665]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="520 - 537" refId="ref50585" refString="Moura CJ, Cunha MR, Porteiro FM, Rogers AD (2011) The use of the DNA barcode gene 16 S mRNA for the clarification of taxonomic problems within the family Sertulariidae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Zoologica Scripta 40: 520 - 537. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.2011.00489. x" type="journal article" year="2011">Moura et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570688274235B9C66CACFD6A" author="Maronna MM &amp; Miranda TM &amp; Pena Cantero A &amp; Barbeitos MS &amp; Marques AC" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref49448" refString="Maronna MM, Miranda TM, Pena Cantero A, Barbeitos MS, Marques AC (2016) Towards a phylogenetic classification of Leptothecata (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Scientific Reports 6: 18075. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / srep 1807" type="journal volume" year="2016">Maronna et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
resulted in the referral of the species to
<taxonomicName id="37828296570688274236B9E46ABCFD6A" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1862" box="[1321,1438,676,695]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Amphisbetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C2F62507570688274236B9E46ABCFD6A" box="[1321,1438,676,695]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Amphisbetia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(new combination by Calder 2019).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915570688274472B9A06CF5FCF2" blockId="48.[815,1438,198,815]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
Remarks: PCS colonies colonizing algae, Bryozoa, and
<taxonomicName id="3782829657068827442FB9BD6B26FCCD" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1877" box="[816,1028,765,784]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Thyroscyphidae" genus="Thyroscyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ramosus">
<emphasis id="C2F6250757068827442FB9BD6B26FCCD" box="[816,1028,765,784]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Thyroscyphus ramosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The colonies from Vaza-Barris were on
<taxonomicName id="3782829657068827442FB85C6CF0FCF3" authorityName="Goldfuss" authorityYear="1820" box="[816,978,795,814]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pennariidae" genus="Pennaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="disticha">
<emphasis id="C2F6250757068827442FB85C6CF0FCF3" box="[816,978,795,814]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Pennaria disticha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
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<mods:identifier id="1C0F654BD6F9294F89BC53FCFA07111D" type="Zenodo-Dep">13176475</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="FCCDABBA4EC2BA596BC8728FFA6B8BE0" type="ZooBank">2B189EA2-803A-428C-AE26-C3669A5F3100</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
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<subSubSection id="B898AA9E57078826460FBB866DA8FF3C" box="[272,650,198,225]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F03DF91557078826460FBB866DA8FF3C" blockId="49.[272,650,198,225]" box="[272,650,198,225]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<heading id="AB754E7957078826460FBB866DA8FF3C" box="[272,650,198,225]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="3782829657078826460FBB866DA8FF3C" ID-CoL="36FMC" authority="Nutting, 1904" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1904" box="[272,650,198,225]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Diphasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tropica">
<emphasis id="C2F6250757078826460FBB866EF0FF3C" box="[272,466,198,225]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Diphasia tropica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45707882646C6BB866DA8FF3C" author="Nutting CC" box="[473,650,198,225]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 325" refId="ref51043" refString="Nutting CC (1904) American hydroids. P. II, the Sertulariidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 4: 1 - 325." type="journal article" year="1904">Nutting, 1904</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B898AA9E5707882646B7BBAC6D0BFEF5" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="description">
<paragraph id="F03DF9155707882646B7BBAC6ED0FEDD" blockId="49.[424,498,236,256]" box="[424,498,236,256]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<figureCitation id="68B9E5905707882646B7BBAC6ED0FEDD" box="[424,498,236,256]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="50.[159,217,1645,1665]" captionTargetBox="[330,1265,197,1633]" captionTargetId="figure-103@50.[330,1265,197,1633]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Figure 21. (A) Amphisbetia distans: detail of a stem with few hydrothecae and one gonotheca; (B-C) Diphasia digitalis: (B) general view of a stem; (C) detail of two pairs of hydrothecae; (D) Dynamena disticha: detail of a stem with two pairs of hydrothecae and one gonotheca; (E, G-H) Idiellana pristis: (E) detail of the hydrocladium with three pairs of hydrothecae; (G) detail of a stem with few gonothecae (red arrows); (H) detail of two gonothecae; (F) Diphasia tropica: detail of a stem with three pairs of hydrothecae; (I) Dynamena crisioides: detail of a stem with few hydrothecae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176533/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 21F</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915570788264788BA546D0BFEF5" blockId="49.[151,553,276,348]" box="[151,553,276,296]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
Synonyms available from:
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570788264690BA546D07FEF5" author="Migotto AE" box="[399,549,276,296]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref50248" refString="Migotto AE (1996) Benthic shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the coast of Sao Sebastiao, Brazil, including a checklist of Brazilian hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen 306: 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1996">Migotto (1996)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B898AA9E570788264788BA6D6D2EFE81" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F03DF915570788264788BA6D6ED2FE9F" blockId="49.[151,553,276,348]" box="[151,496,301,322]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D092DE3B570788264788BA6D6ED2FE9F" box="[151,496,301,322]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<treatmentCitation id="7123DF04570788264788BA6D6ECEFE9F" author="Nutting CC" box="[151,492,301,322]" page="110" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" year="1904">
<taxonomicName id="37828296570788264788BA6D6ECEFE9F" ID-CoL="36FMC" authority="Nutting, 1904: 110" authorityName="Nutting" authorityPageNumber="110" authorityYear="1904" box="[151,492,301,322]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Diphasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tropica">
<emphasis id="C2F62507570788264788BA6D6E08FE9C" box="[151,298,301,321]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Diphasia tropica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457078826462FBA6E6ECEFE9F" author="Nutting CC" box="[304,492,302,322]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 325" refId="ref51043" refString="Nutting CC (1904) American hydroids. P. II, the Sertulariidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 4: 1 - 325." type="journal article" year="1904">Nutting, 1904: 110</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915570788264788BA076D2EFE81" blockId="49.[151,553,276,348]" box="[151,524,327,348]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D092DE3B570788264788BA076D2EFE81" box="[151,524,327,348]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<treatmentCitation id="7123DF04570788264788BA076D2AFE81" author="Vannucci M" box="[151,520,327,348]" page="239" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" year="1949">
<taxonomicName id="37828296570788264788BA076D2AFE81" ID-CoL="36FND" authority="Vannucci, 1949: 239" authorityName="Vannucci" authorityPageNumber="239" authorityYear="1949" box="[151,520,327,348]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Diphasiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ornata">
<emphasis id="C2F62507570788264788BA076E1EFE86" box="[151,316,327,347]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Diphasiella ornata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457078826465DBA086D2AFE81" author="Vannucci M" box="[322,520,328,348]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="216 - 266" refId="ref52406" refString="Vannucci M (1949) Hydrozoa do Brasil. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo 99: 216 - 266." type="journal article" year="1949">Vannucci, 1949: 239</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B898AA9E5707882647CBBA2D6C97FBC0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="description">
<paragraph id="F03DF9155707882647CBBA2D6ECDFD14" blockId="49.[149,773,365,1072]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
Description: Colonies erect, up to
<quantity id="377A54F0570788264538BA2E6DA2FE5C" box="[551,640,366,385]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.42" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="14.2">14.2 mm</quantity>
high, arising from a creeping hydrorhiza. Stem monosiphonic, unbranched, divided into two regions, the basal portion ahydrothecate, separated by an oblique node, and the other larger portion composed by internodes successively with and without paired hydrothecae, also separated by oblique nodes. Hydrothecae tubular, narrower in the basal portion, expanding a little to the middle part,
<quantity id="377A54F057078826460AB97E6E81FD8F" box="[277,419,574,594]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.15" metricValueMax="5.4" metricValueMin="4.9" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="0.515" valueMax="0.54" valueMin="0.49">0.490.54 mm</quantity>
high and
<quantity id="377A54F0570788264518B97E6DB7FD8F" box="[519,661,574,594]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="0.16" valueMax="0.17" valueMin="0.15">0.150.17 mm</quantity>
maximum diameter, adnate to stem and in contact to each other over half their high, free part facing outside. Hydrothecal perisarc with several circular transverse grooves. Margin smooth, opening square, operculum with one valve.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF9155707882647CBB9946E76FCFE" blockId="49.[149,773,365,1072]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Material examined: PCS few infertile colonies from the dry and rainy seasons. CZUFS CNI-00208; CNI-00309; CNI-00310; CNI-00311.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF9155707882647CBB86D6E85FC9C" blockId="49.[149,773,365,1072]" box="[212,423,813,833]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Station: PCS 5, 6, 8.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF9155707882647CBB80C6D2CFC83" blockId="49.[149,773,365,1072]" box="[212,526,843,863]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Bottom: gravel, sand, and mud.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF9155707882647CBB8296DD4FBCF" blockId="49.[149,773,365,1072]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
Distribution:
<collectingCountry id="8895B98557078826464CB8296EABFCA1" box="[339,393,873,892]" name="Brazil" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Brazil</collectingCountry>
<collectingRegion id="324637F7570788264684B8296D02FCA1" box="[411,544,873,892]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570788264535B8296D9EFCA1" author="Vannucci M" box="[554,700,873,892]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="216 - 266" refId="ref52406" refString="Vannucci M (1949) Hydrozoa do Brasil. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo 99: 216 - 266." type="journal article" year="1949">Vannucci 1949</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45707882645DCB8296C22FCA1" author="Vannucci M" box="[707,768,873,892]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="105 - 124" refId="ref52483" refString="Vannucci M (1951 a) Distribuicao dos Hydrozoa ate agora conhecidos nas costas do Brasil. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 2: 105 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0100 - 42391951000100004" type="journal article" year="1951">1951a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457078826478AB8C76E58FC47" author="Grohmann PA &amp; Souza MM &amp; Nogueira CC" box="[149,378,903,923]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="227 - 232" refId="ref48824" refString="Grohmann PA, Souza MM, Nogueira CC (1997) Hydroids from the vicinity of a large industrial area in Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil. Proceedings of the 6 th International Conference on Coelenterate Biology 1995: 227 - 232." type="journal article" year="1997">Grohmann et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570788264698B8C76E98FC47" author="Grohmann PA &amp; Nogueira CC &amp; Silva VMAP" box="[391,442,903,922]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref48696" refString="Grohmann PA, Nogueira CC, Silva VMAP (2003) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) collected on the continental shelf of Brazil during the Geomar X Oceanographic Operation. Zootaxa 299: 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F75707882646D1B8C76D7EFC47" box="[462,604,903,922]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570788264573B8C76FEBFC65" author="Nogueira CC &amp; Grohmann PA &amp; Silva VMAP" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref50822" refString="Nogueira CC, Grohmann PA, Silva VMAP (1997) Hydroids from the vicinity of a nuclear power plant site (CNAAA-Unidade I) at Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Proceedings of the 6 th International Conference on Coelenterate Biology: 365 - 369, available online at: https: // www. researchgate. net / publication / 279450354 _ Hydroids _ from _ the _ vicinity _ of _ a _ nuclear _ power _ plant _ site _ CNAAA-Unidade _ I _ at _ Angra _ dos _ Reis _ Rio _ de _ Janeiro _ Brazil [Accessed: 10 / 04 / 2019]" type="url" year="1997">Nogueira et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45707882647CCB8E56EB1FC65" author="Miranda TP &amp; Genzano GN &amp; Marques AC" box="[211,403,933,952]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="484 - 506" refId="ref50491" refString="Miranda TP, Genzano GN, Marques AC (2015) Areas of endemism in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean based on the distribution of benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zootaxa 4033: 484 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4033.4.2" type="journal article" year="2015">Miranda et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F75707882646BCB8E56D20FC65" box="[419,514,933,952]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570788264512B8E56DB6FC65" author="Migotto AE" box="[525,660,933,953]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref50248" refString="Migotto AE (1996) Benthic shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the coast of Sao Sebastiao, Brazil, including a checklist of Brazilian hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen 306: 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1996">Migotto 1996</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570788264581B8E56FC4FC0B" author="Oliveira OMP &amp; Marques AC &amp; Migotto AE" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref51287" refString="Oliveira OMP, Marques AC, Migotto AE (2006) Chave de identificacao dos hidroides (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) epifiticos do Canal de Sao Sebastiao (SE, Brasil). Biota Neotropica 6: 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032006000200025" type="journal article" year="2006">Oliveira et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45707882647F0B8836D27FC0B" author="Silveira FL &amp; Morandini AC" box="[239,517,963,982]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref52113" refString="Silveira FL, Morandini AC (2011) Checklist dos Cnidaria do Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil. Biota Neotropica 11: 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / s 1676 - 06032011000500016" type="journal article" year="2011">Silveira and Morandini 2011</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570788264510B8836DECFC0B" author="Miranda TP &amp; Genzano GN &amp; Marques AC" box="[527,718,963,982]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="484 - 506" refId="ref50491" refString="Miranda TP, Genzano GN, Marques AC (2015) Areas of endemism in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean based on the distribution of benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zootaxa 4033: 484 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4033.4.2" type="journal article" year="2015">Miranda et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
), and
<collectingRegion id="324637F7570788264788B8A16E07FC29" box="[151,293,993,1012]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457078826462FB8A16ECAFC29" author="Bouzon JL &amp; Brandini FP &amp; Rocha RM" box="[304,488,993,1012]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="39 - 47" refId="ref47083" refString="Bouzon JL, Brandini FP, Rocha RM (2012) Biodiversity of sessile fauna on rocky shores of coastal islands in Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. Marine Science 2: 39 - 47." type="journal article" year="2012">Bouzon et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
). World distribution species with records from Western and Eastern Atlantic (
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457078826456EB8BF6DC8FBCF" author="Calder DR" box="[625,746,1023,1042]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 140" refId="ref47276" refString="Calder DR (1991) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Thecatae, exclusive of Plumularioidea. Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum 154: 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1991">Calder 1991</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF9155707882647CBBF5C6EF6FBED" blockId="49.[149,773,365,1072]" box="[212,468,1052,1072]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Remarks: Found on algae.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF9155707882647FEBF166ED3FB4E" blockId="49.[225,696,1110,1171]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="378282965707882647FEBF166D9AFBAC" authority="Lamouroux, 1824" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1824" box="[225,696,1110,1137]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crisioides">
<emphasis id="C2F625075707882647FEBF166EF6FBAC" box="[225,468,1110,1137]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Dynamena crisioides</emphasis>
Lamouroux, 1824
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="68B9E5905707882646B5BF3F6ED3FB4E" box="[426,497,1151,1171]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="50.[159,217,1645,1665]" captionTargetBox="[330,1265,197,1633]" captionTargetId="figure-103@50.[330,1265,197,1633]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Figure 21. (A) Amphisbetia distans: detail of a stem with few hydrothecae and one gonotheca; (B-C) Diphasia digitalis: (B) general view of a stem; (C) detail of two pairs of hydrothecae; (D) Dynamena disticha: detail of a stem with two pairs of hydrothecae and one gonotheca; (E, G-H) Idiellana pristis: (E) detail of the hydrocladium with three pairs of hydrothecae; (G) detail of a stem with few gonothecae (red arrows); (H) detail of two gonothecae; (F) Diphasia tropica: detail of a stem with three pairs of hydrothecae; (I) Dynamena crisioides: detail of a stem with few hydrothecae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176533/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 21I</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915570788264788BFE86C26FAD4" blockId="49.[151,772,1192,1314]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
Synonyms available from:
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570788264690BFE86D37FB61" author="Calder DR" box="[399,533,1192,1212]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 140" refId="ref47276" refString="Calder DR (1991) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Thecatae, exclusive of Plumularioidea. Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum 154: 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1991">Calder (1991)</bibRefCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="37828296570788264788BF826D0FFB0B" authority="Lamouroux, 1824: 613" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityPageNumber="613" authorityYear="1824" box="[151,557,1217,1238]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crisioides">
<emphasis id="C2F62507570788264788BF826E6DFB08" box="[151,335,1217,1238]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Dynamena crisioides</emphasis>
Lamouroux, 1824: 613
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 90, fig. 11, 12,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45707882645F5BF826E7FFB32" author="Pires DO &amp; Castro CB &amp; Migotto AE &amp; Marques AC" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 21" refId="ref51420" refString="Pires DO, Castro CB, Migotto AE, Marques AC (1992) Cnidarios bentonicos do Arquipelago de Fernando de Noronha, Brasil. Boletim do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro 354: 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="1992">Pires et al., 1992: 6</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457078826466EBF9B6D01FB32" author="Migotto AE" box="[369,547,1243,1263]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref50248" refString="Migotto AE (1996) Benthic shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the coast of Sao Sebastiao, Brazil, including a checklist of Brazilian hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen 306: 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1996">Migotto, 1996: 60</bibRefCitation>
, figs 11EG.
<taxonomicName id="37828296570788264788BFB56E70FAD5" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1824" box="[151,338,1268,1289]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crisioides">
<emphasis id="C2F62507570788264788BFB56E70FAD5" box="[151,338,1268,1289]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Dynamena crisioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
f.
<emphasis id="C2F62507570788264670BFB56E87FAD4" box="[367,421,1269,1289]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">typica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45707882646B5BFB56DE4FAD4" author="Vannucci Mendes M" box="[426,710,1269,1289]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="535 - 598" refId="ref52653" refString="Vannucci Mendes M (1946) Hydroida Thecaphora do Brasil. Arquivos de Zoologia do Estado de Sao Paulo 4: 535 - 598." type="journal article" year="1946">Vannucci Mendes, 1946: 557</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 3,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF9155707882647A8BE4E6D4AFAFF" blockId="49.[151,772,1192,1314]" box="[183,616,1294,1314]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
fig. 24, 25,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570788264631BE4E6ED4FAFF" author="Vannucci M" box="[302,502,1294,1314]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="216 - 266" refId="ref52406" refString="Vannucci M (1949) Hydrozoa do Brasil. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo 99: 216 - 266." type="journal article" year="1949">Vannucci, 1949: 243</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45707882646E0BE4E6D46FAFF" author="Vannucci M" box="[511,612,1294,1314]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="95 - 149" refId="ref52562" refString="Vannucci M (1954) Hydrozoa e Scyphozoa existentes no Instituto Oceanografico. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 5: 95 - 149. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0373 - 55241954000100005" type="journal article" year="1954">1954: 115</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF9155707882647CBBE746B81FEB2" blockId="49.[150,773,1332,1770]" lastBlockId="49.[807,1430,198,1053]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
Description: Colonies erect, up to
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high, arising from a creeping hydrorhiza. Stem monosiphonic, divided into internodes by transverse nodes. Basal stem segments ahydrothecate, upper part with successive pairs of hydrothecae. Each internode with a proximal hydrocladium, an axillary hydrotheca, and one to three successive pairs of hydrothecae. Only the distal adnate portion of the axillary hydrotheca reaches the base of the subsequent one. Hydrothecal pairs separated along the adnate side. Hydrocladia
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long, arising from a short, straight, or slightly curved apophysis at angles of 127.3148.6
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, divided into internodes of different sizes by transverse nodes. Hydrothecae tubular, elongated,
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high,
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maximum diameter, adnate for more than half their high, curving outwards in the distal portion. Adcauline wall of hydrothecae convex, abcauline straight or slightly concave. Margin with two lateral wide triangular cusps, rounded at the end, and one short median adcauline. Operculum with two valves, one wide abcauline and one smaller adcauline. Gonotheca vase-shaped,
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high,
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wide, smooth, borne on a short pedicel at the base of stem between the first pair of hydrothecae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF91557078826447ABA396CB9FDD9" blockId="49.[807,1430,198,1053]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Material examined: PCS one infertile colony from the rainy season; VB few infertile colonies from the dry and rainy seasons; SE few colonies from the dry season, one of them with one gonotheca. CZUFS CNI-00027; CNI-00063; CNI-00209; CNI-00210.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF91557078826447AB94E6BF1FD9D" blockId="49.[807,1430,198,1053]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Stations: PCS 7; VB C1P34, C1P56, C2P34, C2P56; SE C1P34, C1P56, C2P12, C2P34, C3P12.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF91557078826447AB90B6CD3FD80" blockId="49.[807,1430,198,1053]" box="[869,1009,586,606]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Bottom: mud.</paragraph>
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Distribution:
<collectingCountry id="8895B9855707882644F5B9286B03FDA6" box="[1002,1057,616,635]" name="Brazil" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Brazil</collectingCountry>
<collectingRegion id="324637F757078826432AB9286B4FFDA6" box="[1077,1133,616,635]" country="Brazil" name="Ceara" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Ceará</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570788264367B9286A18FDA6" author="Marques AC &amp; Shimabukuro V &amp; Morandini AC &amp; Migotto AE" box="[1144,1338,616,636]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="71 - 112" refId="ref49741" refString="Marques AC, Shimabukuro V, Morandini AC, Migotto AE (2006) Cnidaria Medusozoa do litoral do estado do Ceara. In: Matthews-Cascon H, Lotufo TMC (Eds) Biota marinha da costa este do Ceara. Ministerio do Meio Ambiente Pronabio, Brasilia, 71 - 112." type="book chapter" year="2006">Marques et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
), Fernando de Noronha (
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45707882644CFB9C66B51FD44" author="Pires DO &amp; Castro CB &amp; Migotto AE &amp; Marques AC" box="[976,1139,646,665]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 21" refId="ref51420" refString="Pires DO, Castro CB, Migotto AE, Marques AC (1992) Cnidarios bentonicos do Arquipelago de Fernando de Noronha, Brasil. Boletim do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro 354: 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="1992">Pires et al. 1992</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570788264360B9C66A18FD44" author="Amaral FMD &amp; Ramos CAC &amp; Leao ZMAN &amp; Kikuchi RKP &amp; Lima KKM &amp; Longo LL &amp; Cordeiro RTS &amp; Lira SMA &amp; Vasconcelos SL" box="[1151,1338,646,665]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="277 - 290" refId="ref46577" refString="Amaral FMD, Ramos CAC, Leao ZMAN, Kikuchi RKP, Lima KKM, Longo LL, Cordeiro RTS, Lira SMA, Vasconcelos SL (2009) Checklist and morphometry of benthic cnidarians from the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 50: 277 - 290." type="journal article" year="2009">Amaral et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F7570788264252B9C66AB7FD44" box="[1357,1429,646,665]" country="Brazil" name="Paraiba" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Paraíba</collectingRegion>
(Felipe F. Campos unpub. data),
<collectingRegion id="324637F757078826437EB9E46BFFFD6A" box="[1121,1245,676,695]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Pernambuco</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45707882643F6B9E46C78FD08" author="Calder DR &amp; Mayal EM" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="69 - 78" refId="ref47689" refString="Calder DR, Mayal EM (1998) Dry season distribution of hydroids in a small tropical estuary, Pernambuco, Brazil. Zoologische Verhandelingen 323: 69 - 78." type="journal article" year="1998">Calder and Maÿal 1998</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570788264479B9826B0AFD08" author="Oliveira DG &amp; Cordeiro RFS &amp; Amaral FD &amp; Santos GS &amp; Guerra Junior GLC" box="[870,1064,706,725]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref51108" refString="Oliveira DG, Cordeiro RFS, Amaral FD, Santos GS, Guerra Junior GLC (2009) Inventario de hidroides dos ambientes recifais de Porto de Galinhas, Tamandare e Itamaraca (PE). Anais da IX Jornada de Ensino, Pesquisa e extensao - JEPEX: R 0694 - 1, available online at: http: // www. eventosufrpe. com. br / jepex 2009 / cd / resumos / R 0694 - 1. pdf [Accessed: 12 / 02 / 2019]" type="url" year="2009">Oliveira et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
, abstract),
<collectingRegion id="324637F7570788264389B9816BC0FD08" box="[1174,1250,705,725]" country="Brazil" name="Alagoas" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Alagoas</collectingRegion>
(Maximiliano M. Maronna unpub. data),
<collectingRegion id="324637F757078826433EB9A06B7BFD2E" box="[1057,1113,736,755]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Bahia</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570788264376B99F6BD7FD2E" author="Nutting CC" box="[1129,1269,735,755]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 325" refId="ref51043" refString="Nutting CC (1904) American hydroids. P. II, the Sertulariidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 4: 1 - 325." type="journal article" year="1904">Nutting 1904</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F7570788264216B9A06AB4FD2E" box="[1289,1430,736,755]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457078826442FB9BD6B36FCCC" author="Grohmann PA &amp; Souza MM &amp; Nogueira CC" box="[816,1044,765,785]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="227 - 232" refId="ref48824" refString="Grohmann PA, Souza MM, Nogueira CC (1997) Hydroids from the vicinity of a large industrial area in Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil. Proceedings of the 6 th International Conference on Coelenterate Biology 1995: 227 - 232." type="journal article" year="1997">Grohmann et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F7570788264339B9BD6B91FCCD" box="[1062,1203,765,784]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45707882643DDB9BD6AB3FCCC" author="Nogueira CC &amp; Grohmann PA &amp; Silva VMAP" box="[1218,1425,765,785]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref50822" refString="Nogueira CC, Grohmann PA, Silva VMAP (1997) Hydroids from the vicinity of a nuclear power plant site (CNAAA-Unidade I) at Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Proceedings of the 6 th International Conference on Coelenterate Biology: 365 - 369, available online at: https: // www. researchgate. net / publication / 279450354 _ Hydroids _ from _ the _ vicinity _ of _ a _ nuclear _ power _ plant _ site _ CNAAA-Unidade _ I _ at _ Angra _ dos _ Reis _ Rio _ de _ Janeiro _ Brazil [Accessed: 10 / 04 / 2019]" type="url" year="1997">Nogueira et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570788264435B85B6CD2FCF3" author="Miranda TP &amp; Genzano GN &amp; Marques AC" box="[810,1008,795,815]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="484 - 506" refId="ref50491" refString="Miranda TP, Genzano GN, Marques AC (2015) Areas of endemism in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean based on the distribution of benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zootaxa 4033: 484 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4033.4.2" type="journal article" year="2015">Miranda et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F757078826431EB85B6B43FCF3" box="[1025,1121,795,814]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570788264370B85B6A79FCF3" author="Vannucci Mendes M" box="[1135,1371,795,814]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="535 - 598" refId="ref52653" refString="Vannucci Mendes M (1946) Hydroida Thecaphora do Brasil. Arquivos de Zoologia do Estado de Sao Paulo 4: 535 - 598." type="journal article" year="1946">Vannucci Mendes 1946</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570788264279B85C6C86FC91" author="Vannucci M" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="105 - 124" refId="ref52483" refString="Vannucci M (1951 a) Distribuicao dos Hydrozoa ate agora conhecidos nas costas do Brasil. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 2: 105 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0100 - 42391951000100004" type="journal article" year="1951">Vannucci 1951a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45707882644AFB8796B18FC91" author="Migotto AE" box="[944,1082,825,845]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref50248" refString="Migotto AE (1996) Benthic shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the coast of Sao Sebastiao, Brazil, including a checklist of Brazilian hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen 306: 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1996">Migotto 1996</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570788264359B8796A45FC91" author="Silveira FL &amp; Morandini AC" box="[1094,1383,825,844]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref52113" refString="Silveira FL, Morandini AC (2011) Checklist dos Cnidaria do Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil. Biota Neotropica 11: 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / s 1676 - 06032011000500016" type="journal article" year="2011">Silveira and Morandini 2011</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457078826426DB8796CEFFCB7" author="Miranda TP &amp; Genzano GN &amp; Marques AC" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="484 - 506" refId="ref50491" refString="Miranda TP, Genzano GN, Marques AC (2015) Areas of endemism in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean based on the distribution of benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zootaxa 4033: 484 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4033.4.2" type="journal article" year="2015">Miranda et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F75707882644C3B8176B3DFCB7" box="[988,1055,855,874]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Paraná</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570788264335B8176BCBFCB7" author="Miranda TP &amp; Genzano GN &amp; Marques AC" box="[1066,1257,855,874]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="484 - 506" refId="ref50491" refString="Miranda TP, Genzano GN, Marques AC (2015) Areas of endemism in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean based on the distribution of benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zootaxa 4033: 484 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4033.4.2" type="journal article" year="2015">Miranda et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
, Maria A. Haddad unpub. data), and
<collectingRegion id="324637F75707882644FFB8356B50FC55" box="[992,1138,885,904]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4570788264360B8356A64FC55" author="Miranda TP &amp; Genzano GN &amp; Marques AC" box="[1151,1350,885,904]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="484 - 506" refId="ref50491" refString="Miranda TP, Genzano GN, Marques AC (2015) Areas of endemism in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean based on the distribution of benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zootaxa 4033: 484 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4033.4.2" type="journal article" year="2015">Miranda et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
). World distribution circumglobal in tropical and subtropical regions (
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457078826442FB8F16C8EFC19" author="Calder DR" box="[816,940,945,964]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 140" refId="ref47276" refString="Calder DR (1991) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Thecatae, exclusive of Plumularioidea. Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum 154: 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1991">Calder 1991</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF91557078826447AB88E6C97FBC0" blockId="49.[807,1430,198,1053]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Remarks: Unknown substrate to the PCS material. Estuarine colonies were colonizing the plates, barnacles, ostreids, and ascidians.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
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<taxonomicName id="37828296571188304487BB866A04FF3C" ID-CoL="3JFQC" authority="Allman, 1877" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1877" box="[920,1318,198,225]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="carinata">
<emphasis id="C2F62507571188304487BB866B5AFF3C" box="[920,1144,198,225]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Halopteris carinata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457118830439FBB866A04FF3C" author="Allman GJ" box="[1152,1318,198,225]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref46343" refString="Allman GJ (1877) Report on the Hydroida collected during the exploration of the Gulf Stream by L. F. de Pourtales, assistant United States Ocean survey. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 5: 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1877">Allman, 1877</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B898AA9E571188304301BBB06A3CFEED" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="description">
<paragraph id="F03DF915571188304301BBB06BBDFED9" blockId="39.[1054,1183,240,260]" box="[1054,1183,240,260]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<figureCitation id="68B9E590571188304301BBB06BBDFED9" box="[1054,1183,240,260]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="40.[159,217,1646,1666]" captionTargetBox="[217,1378,197,1633]" captionTargetId="figure-106@40.[217,1378,197,1633]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 18. (A-B, D) Halopteris carinata: (A) detail of a stem showing few hydrocladia and hydrothecae; (B) detail of stem with two female gonotheca; (D) detail of few hydrocladia with three male gonothecae (red arrows); (C, G) Monostaechas quadridens: (C) general view of a colony; (G) detail of a hydrocladium ramification with two gonothecae (red arrows); (E-F) Halopteris alternata: (E) detail of a stem showing hydrocladia and hydrothecae; (F) detail of a stem ramification with three gonothecae (red arrows); (H-I) Halopteris tenella: (H) detail of a stem with hydrocladia, hydrothecae and gonothecae; (I) detail of a stem with gonothecae (red arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176527/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 18AB, D</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF91557118830447ABA5D6A3CFEED" blockId="39.[807,1431,285,1768]" box="[869,1310,285,305]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Synonyms available from:
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571188304371BA5D6A38FEED" author="Schuchert P" box="[1134,1306,285,304]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref51545" refString="Schuchert P (1997) Review of the family Halopterididae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria). Zoologische Verhandelingen 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert (1997)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B898AA9E57118830447ABA7B6A48FE93" box="[869,1386,314,334]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F03DF91557118830447ABA7B6A48FE93" blockId="39.[807,1431,285,1768]" box="[869,1386,314,334]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D092DE3B57118830447ABA7B6A48FE93" box="[869,1386,314,334]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<treatmentCitation id="7123DF0457118830447ABA7B6BEBFE93" author="Allman GJ" box="[869,1225,315,334]" page="33" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="1877">
<taxonomicName id="3782829657118830447ABA7B6BEBFE93" ID-CoL="3JFQC" authority="Allman, 1877: 33" authorityName="Allman" authorityPageNumber="33" authorityYear="1877" box="[869,1225,315,334]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="carinata">
<emphasis id="C2F6250757118830447ABA7B6B35FE90" box="[869,1047,315,334]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Halopteris carinata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571188304303BA7B6BEBFE93" author="Allman GJ" box="[1052,1225,315,334]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref46343" refString="Allman GJ (1877) Report on the Hydroida collected during the exploration of the Gulf Stream by L. F. de Pourtales, assistant United States Ocean survey. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 5: 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1877">Allman, 1877: 33</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 19, figs 37.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B898AA9E5711883E447ABA196EDFFEB3" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="description">
<paragraph id="F03DF91557118830447ABA196BE9F9CA" blockId="39.[807,1431,285,1768]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Description: Colonies fragmented, longest stem fragment with
<quantity id="377A54F0571188304443BA376CB3FE57" box="[860,913,375,394]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
. Stem erect, monosiphonic, straight, perisarc thick. Stem divided into two regions, the first with several internodes of variable length, separated by straight nodes, each internode with nematothecae. The second region with regular segments, separated by oblique nodes, composed by one cauline hydrotheca with three associated nematothecae, a median inferior and a pair of laterals, and four or more distal nematothecae, disposed in pairs after the hydrothecae and one hydrocladium inserted laterally to the hydrothecae at the stem. Hydrocladia unbranched, arising alternately from the stem, composed of segments separated by oblique nodes. First hydrocladial segment ahydrothecate, and with one nematotheca. Further hydrocladial segments generally with one hydrotheca and four nematothecae, positioned concerning the hydrothecae, one median inferior, a pair of laterals, and a superior one, not axillar. Hydrothecae cylindrical, 198223 µm high, 193206 µm wide at the margin, adnate to the hydrocladium for more than heaf of their length, abcaulinar margin straight, margin smooth with one sharp cusp in the distal end. All nematothecae two-chambered. Median inferior nematothecae, apparently immovable, in the form of a spoon. Lateral nematothecae is composed of a pedicel adnate to the hydrothecal wall and a superior concave free chamber that surpass the hydrothecal margin. Superior nematothecae reduced, mobile, with an aperture in the form of a spoon. Intersegment nematothecae similar to the superior ones but higher. Cauline hydrothecae shorter and shallower than the hydrocladial ones. Male and female gonothecae on the same stem. Female gonothecae barrel-shaped, longer than wider, 15331570 µm high, 10291103 µm in maximum width, flattened laterally with an oval aperture and an operculum, arising from a short pedicel from the stem, generally in groups of three. Up to
<specimenCount id="E684329C57118830422DBFB76AB7FAD4" box="[1330,1429,1270,1290]" count="11" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="female">11 female</specimenCount>
gonothecae per colony, one or two per hydrocladium. Male gonothecae small, 420477 µm high, 176230 µm in maximum width, sac-shaped, arising from a short pedicel from the hydrocladium, laterally above the hydrothecae. The male and female gonothecae with nematothecae in the basal portion, one and two, respectively. Gonothecal nematothecae mobile, formed by a long pedicel and a conical superior chamber. Nematocysts microbasic mastigophores undischarged (3135.4
<emphasis id="C2F62507571188304217BEA86A37FA24" bold="true" box="[1288,1301,1512,1529]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">×</emphasis>
10.211 µm) and discharged (27.530.4
<emphasis id="C2F6250757118830432CBD456B62F9CB" bold="true" box="[1075,1088,1541,1558]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">×</emphasis>
1011.4 µm).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF91557118830447ABD616B36F9AD" blockId="39.[807,1431,285,1768]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Material examined: PCS few colonies, several of them with gonothecae, from dry and rainy seasons. CZUFS CNI-00014; CNI-00180; CNI-00329.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF91557118830447ABD3B6BBEF953" blockId="39.[807,1431,285,1768]" box="[869,1180,1659,1678]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Station: PCS 5, 11, 12, 15, 17.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF91557118830447ABDD96B82F971" blockId="39.[807,1431,285,1768]" box="[869,1184,1688,1708]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Bottom: gravel, sand, and mud.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF9155711883E447ABDF66E07FE8C" blockId="39.[807,1431,285,1768]" lastBlockId="41.[149,774,198,366]" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Distribution:
<collectingCountry id="8895B9855711883044EDBDF66B09F914" box="[1010,1067,1718,1737]" name="Brazil" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Brazil</collectingCountry>
<collectingRegion id="324637F7571188304355BDF66BEBF914" box="[1098,1225,1718,1737]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Pernambuco</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45711883043C6BDF66C7FF935" author="Calder DR &amp; Mayal EM" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="69 - 78" refId="ref47689" refString="Calder DR, Mayal EM (1998) Dry season distribution of hydroids in a small tropical estuary, Pernambuco, Brazil. Zoologische Verhandelingen 323: 69 - 78." type="journal article" year="1998">Calder and Maÿal 1998</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F7571188304470BD946C99F935" box="[879,955,1748,1768]" country="Brazil" name="Alagoas" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Alagoas</collectingRegion>
(Maximiliano M. Maronna unpub. data),
<collectingRegion id="324637F75711883E427ABD956FDFFF04" country="Brazil" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="324637F7571F883E4616BB866EB5FF04" box="[265,407,198,217]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571F883E46B9BB866DAEFF04" author="Grohmann PA &amp; Nogueira CC &amp; Silva VMAP" box="[422,652,198,217]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref48696" refString="Grohmann PA, Nogueira CC, Silva VMAP (2003) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) collected on the continental shelf of Brazil during the Geomar X Oceanographic Operation. Zootaxa 299: 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="2003">Grohmann et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
), and
<collectingRegion id="324637F7571F883E45D2BB866FCEFF2A" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571F883E47E4BBA46EE4FF2A" author="Miranda TP &amp; Genzano GN &amp; Marques AC" box="[251,454,228,247]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="484 - 506" refId="ref50491" refString="Miranda TP, Genzano GN, Marques AC (2015) Areas of endemism in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean based on the distribution of benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zootaxa 4033: 484 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4033.4.2" type="journal article" year="2015">Miranda et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
). World distribution recorded mainly from Western Atlantic with preferences for warm regions. Records from the Caribbean,
<collectingCountry id="8895B985571F883E46DFBA606D39FEEE" box="[448,539,288,307]" name="Bermuda" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="8895B985571F883E4538BA606DA0FEEE" box="[551,642,288,307]" name="Bahamas" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
, and Florida (
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571F883E4781BA7D6E38FE8C" author="Calder DR" box="[158,282,317,337]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref47306" refString="Calder DR (1997) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: supefamily Plumularioidea. Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum 161: 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1997">Calder 1997</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F03DF915571E883F4780BD2E6B52F924" blockId="40.[157,1437,1645,1785]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
Figure 18. (A-B, D)
<taxonomicName id="37828296571E883F464BBD2D6EDCF95C" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1877" box="[340,510,1645,1665]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="carinata">
<emphasis id="C2F62507571E883F464BBD2D6EDCF95C" box="[340,510,1645,1665]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Halopteris carinata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: (A) detail of a stem showing few hydrocladia and hydrothecae; (B) detail of stem with two female gonotheca; (D) detail of few hydrocladia with three male gonothecae (red arrows); (C, G)
<taxonomicName id="37828296571E883F44FABDCB6BEDF942" baseAuthorityName="McCrady" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[997,1231,1675,1695]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Monostaechas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadridens">
<emphasis id="C2F62507571E883F44FABDCB6BEDF942" box="[997,1231,1675,1695]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Monostaechas quadridens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: (C) general view of a colony; (G) detail of a hydrocladium ramification with two gonothecae (red arrows); (E-F)
<taxonomicName id="37828296571E883F44FFBDE96BB3F960" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[992,1169,1705,1725]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternata">
<emphasis id="C2F62507571E883F44FFBDE96BB3F960" box="[992,1169,1705,1725]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Halopteris alternata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: (E) detail of a stem showing hydrocladia and hydrothecae; (F) detail of a stem ramification with three gonothecae (red arrows); (H-I)
<taxonomicName id="37828296571E883F436BBD876A32F906" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[1140,1296,1735,1755]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tenella">
<emphasis id="C2F62507571E883F436BBD876A32F906" box="[1140,1296,1735,1755]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Halopteris tenella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: (H) detail of a stem with hydrocladia, hydrothecae and gonothecae; (I) detail of a stem with gonothecae (red arrows).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F03DF915571F883E47CBBA1B6EDFFEB3" blockId="41.[149,774,198,366]" box="[212,509,347,366]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Remarks: Unknown substrate.</paragraph>
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@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
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<subSubSection id="B898AA9E571288334487B94E6A17FDF4" box="[920,1333,526,553]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F03DF915571288334487B94E6A17FDF4" blockId="36.[920,1333,526,588]" box="[920,1333,526,553]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<heading id="AB754E79571288334487B94E6A17FDF4" box="[920,1333,526,553]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="37828296571288334487B94E6A17FDF4" ID-CoL="679KJ" authority="Fraser, 1937" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1937" box="[920,1333,526,553]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="curvitheca">
<emphasis id="C2F62507571288334487B94E6BB4FDF4" box="[920,1174,526,553]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Antennella curvitheca</emphasis>
Fraser, 1937
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B898AA9E57128833432CB9786BBBFD91" box="[1075,1177,568,588]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="description">
<paragraph id="F03DF91557128833432CB9786BBBFD91" blockId="36.[920,1333,526,588]" box="[1075,1177,568,588]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<figureCitation id="68B9E59057128833432CB9786BBBFD91" box="[1075,1177,568,588]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="38.[159,217,1617,1637]" captionTargetBox="[284,1311,197,1607]" captionTargetId="figure-116@38.[284,1311,197,1607]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 17. (A-C) Antennella incerta: (A) general view of a colony on algae; (B) detail of a hydrocladium showing few hydrothecae, nematothecae and a gonotheca (Go - red arrow); (C) detail of an internode with one hydrotheca and nematothecae; (D-E) Antennella curvitheca: (D) detail of a colony on algae; (E) detail of a hydrocladium showing one hydrotheca and nematothecae; (F-G) Antennella secundaria: (F) general view of a colony on algae: (G) detail of a hydrocladium showing one hydrotheca and nematothecae. Details on the images: a lateral nematotheca, b medial nematotheca, c upper axillar nematotheca, d intersegmental nematotheca, e upper non-axillar nematotheca, f intrathecal cusp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176525" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176525/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 17DE</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B898AA9E57128833442FB9206A15FD1C" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F03DF91557128833442FB9206A2AFDA9" blockId="36.[816,1437,608,705]" box="[816,1288,608,628]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="3782829657128833442FB9206BB3FDA9" ID-CoL="679KJ" authority="Fraser, 1937 a: 4" authorityName="Fraser" authorityPageNumber="4" authorityYear="1937" box="[816,1169,608,628]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="curvitheca">
<emphasis id="C2F6250757128833442FB9206CD0FDA9" box="[816,1010,608,628]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Antennella curvitheca</emphasis>
Fraser, 1937a: 4
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 2, fig. 7.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF91557128833442FB9396CB1FD75" blockId="36.[816,1437,608,705]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="3782829657128833442FB9396CD6FD50" ID-CoL="679KJ" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1937" box="[816,1012,633,653]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="curvitheca">
<emphasis id="C2F6250757128833442FB9396CD6FD50" box="[816,1012,633,653]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Antennella curvitheca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Van Gemerden-Hoogeveen, 1965: 56, fig. 32, 33.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF91557128833442FB9ED6A15FD1C" blockId="36.[816,1437,608,705]" box="[816,1335,685,705]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D092DE3B57128833442FB9ED6A15FD1C" box="[816,1335,685,705]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="3782829657128833442FB9ED6CD0FD1C" ID-CoL="679KJ" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1937" box="[816,1010,685,705]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="curvitheca">
<emphasis id="C2F6250757128833442FB9ED6CD0FD1C" box="[816,1010,685,705]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Antennella curvitheca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="7123DF0457128833431DB9ED6BC8FD1C" author="Schuchert P" box="[1026,1258,685,705]" page="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" year="1997">
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457128833431DB9ED6BC8FD1C" author="Schuchert P" box="[1026,1258,685,705]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref51545" refString="Schuchert P (1997) Review of the family Halopterididae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria). Zoologische Verhandelingen 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert, 1997: 3840</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 13.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B898AA9E571288334472B9936B4FF9D0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="description">
<paragraph id="F03DF915571288334472B9936A5FFADD" blockId="36.[814,1439,723,1549]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
Description: Colonies with unbranched hydrocladia arising directly from a creeping hydrorhiza, up to
<quantity id="377A54F05712883343DAB9B16BDCFCD9" box="[1221,1278,753,772]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
high. Hydrocladium is composed of several internodes, separated alternately by oblique and transverse nodes. First segments of hydrocladium smooth, without hydrothecae or nematothecae, followed alternately by one hydrotheca and four nematothecae, a median, a pair of lateral and a superior (not axillar); and one intersegment with a single nematotheca or, less frequently, without nematotheca. Hydrothecae cylindrical, 94137 µm high, 134184 µm wide, thick perisarc, adcaulinar portion adnate to the hydrocladium by half of their length, abcaulinar wall straight and adcaulinar with a distinct concave curve. Basal region of hydrothecae with one internal cusp projected to the adcaulinar cavity. All nematothecae two-chambered. Median nematothecae sessile, short and curved, reaching the hydrothecal base. Lateral nematothecae conical, formed by a pedicel shorter than the chamber, reaching almost half of the hydrothecae. Nematothecae superior to the hydrothecae and intersegment similar, mobile, with the inferior and superior chamber with the same size or the inferior one a little bigger.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915571288334472BE4A6C86FA84" blockId="36.[814,1439,723,1549]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Material examined: PCS few infertile colonies, from the dry and rainy seasons. CZUFS CNI-00168; CNI-00169; CNI-00269.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915571288334472BE246BF3FAAA" blockId="36.[814,1439,723,1549]" box="[877,1233,1380,1400]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Stations: PCS 4, 5, 6, 7, 13, 15, 18.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915571288334472BEC26B85FA48" blockId="36.[814,1439,723,1549]" box="[877,1191,1410,1430]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Bottom: gravel, sand, and mud.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915571288334472BEE06B3EFA32" blockId="36.[814,1439,723,1549]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
Distribution:
<collectingCountry id="8895B9855712883344F1BEE06B07FA6E" box="[1006,1061,1440,1459]" name="Brazil" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Brazil</collectingCountry>
<collectingRegion id="324637F7571288334327BEE06B4DFA6E" box="[1080,1135,1440,1459]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Bahia</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571288334365BEE06A70FA6E" author="Grohmann PA &amp; Nogueira CC &amp; Silva VMAP" box="[1146,1362,1440,1459]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref48696" refString="Grohmann PA, Nogueira CC, Silva VMAP (2003) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) collected on the continental shelf of Brazil during the Geomar X Oceanographic Operation. Zootaxa 299: 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="2003">Grohmann et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
). World distribution recorded from the Caribbean,
<collectingCountry id="8895B9855712883343C4BEFE6A60FA0C" box="[1243,1346,1470,1489]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Porto Rico</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="8895B98557128833426BBEFE6C44FA32" name="Ilha Nevis" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Ilha Nevis</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457128833446DBE9C6B32FA32" author="Schuchert P" box="[882,1040,1500,1519]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref51545" refString="Schuchert P (1997) Review of the family Halopterididae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria). Zoologische Verhandelingen 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert 1997</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915571288334472BEB96B4FF9D0" blockId="36.[814,1439,723,1549]" box="[877,1133,1529,1549]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Remarks: Found on algae.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,418 @@
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<subSubSection id="B898AA9E571C883D446BB96C6A7BFD9A" box="[884,1369,556,583]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F03DF915571C883D446BB96C6A7BFD9A" blockId="42.[884,1369,556,617]" box="[884,1369,556,583]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<heading id="AB754E79571C883D446BB96C6A7BFD9A" box="[884,1369,556,583]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="37828296571C883D446BB96C6A7BFD9A" ID-CoL="6CKHC" authority="(Jaderholm, 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Jaderholm" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[884,1369,556,583]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Dentitheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bidentata">
<emphasis id="C2F62507571C883D446BB96C6B4CFD9A" box="[884,1134,556,583]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Dentitheca bidentata</emphasis>
(Jäderholm, 1905)
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</heading>
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<paragraph id="F03DF915571C883D4320B9156BAFFDB4" blockId="42.[884,1369,556,617]" box="[1087,1165,597,617]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<figureCitation id="68B9E590571C883D4320B9156BAFFDB4" box="[1087,1165,597,617]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="46.[159,217,1673,1693]" captionTargetBox="[321,1274,197,1660]" captionTargetId="figure-76@46.[321,1274,197,1660]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Figure 20. (A) Dentitheca bidentata: detail of a stem with few hydrocladia and one male gonotheca; (B) Plumularia floridana: detail of a stem showing several hydrothecae and mature gonangia (red arrows); (C) Monotheca margaretta: detail of a stem with few hydrothecae and one gonotheca; (D-E) Monotheca obliqua: (D) general view of a stem; (E) detail of a hydrotheca; (F) Plumularia sp.: (F) detail of a stem showing several hydrocladia and hydrothecae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176531/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 20A</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915571C883D442FB93E6BD0FD02" blockId="42.[816,1437,638,735]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
Synonyms available from:
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571C883D4337B93E6A62FD4F" author="Migotto AE &amp; Marques AC" box="[1064,1344,638,658]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="949 - 960" refId="ref50338" refString="Migotto AE, Marques AC (1999) Redescription of Dentitheca bidentata (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Plumulariidae), with notes on its life cycle. Journal of Natural History 33: 949 - 960. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 002229399300029" type="journal article" year="1999">
Migotto and
<collectingRegion id="324637F7571C883D43BAB93E6BD5FD4F" box="[1189,1271,638,658]" country="Italy" name="Marche" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Marques</collectingRegion>
(1999)
</bibRefCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="37828296571C883D442FB9D76B8EFD71" authority="Jaderholm, 1920: 7" authorityName="Jaderholm" authorityPageNumber="7" authorityYear="1920" box="[816,1196,663,684]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bidentata">
<emphasis id="C2F62507571C883D442FB9D76CCFFD76" box="[816,1005,663,683]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Plumularia bidentata</emphasis>
Jäderholm, 1920: 7
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 2, fig. 5, 6.
<taxonomicName id="37828296571C883D442FB9F16CD2FD18" box="[816,1008,689,709]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Dentitheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crosslandi">
<emphasis id="C2F62507571C883D442FB9F16CD2FD18" box="[816,1008,689,709]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Dentitheca crosslandi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571C883D431FB9F16BD4FD18" author="Vannucci M" box="[1024,1270,689,709]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="216 - 266" refId="ref52406" refString="Vannucci M (1949) Hydrozoa do Brasil. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo 99: 216 - 266." type="journal article" year="1949">Vannucci, 1949: 250251</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 3, fig. 49, 50.
<taxonomicName id="37828296571C883D442FB98A6CCDFD03" baseAuthorityName="Jaderholm" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[816,1007,714,734]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Dentitheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bidentata">
<emphasis id="C2F62507571C883D442FB98A6CCDFD03" box="[816,1007,714,734]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Dentitheca bidentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Migotto, 1997: 170171.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915571C883D4472B9B16ABCF926" blockId="42.[815,1438,753,1788]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
Description: Colonies erect, up to
<quantity id="377A54F0571C883D43D3B9B16A37FCD9" box="[1228,1301,753,772]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
high, arising from a creeping hydrorhiza. Perisarc thick in the stem, moderately thick in the hydrocladia, and thin in the hydrothecae. Stem monosiphonic, unbranched, divided into one initial portion without hydrocladia, with or without nematothecae or internodes, followed by two or three short internodes, also without hydrocladia, separated by oblique nodes with one frontal nematotheca and, distally, by internodes carrying hydrocladia, those separated by oblique nodes and carrying apophysis and few nematothecae. Hydrocladia 10491651 µm high, arising alternately in angles of 124146° from long apophysis positioned laterally to the stem, directed upward, build of several internodes with hydrothecae, separated from each other by oblique nodes. Each internode from the hydrocladia with one hydrotheca and four nematothecae, one median inferior, a pair of laterals, and one median superior. Hydrothecae 110132 µm high, 5898 µm in maximum width, adnate to the hydrocladium almost along all their length, tubular in shape, becoming larger distally. Hydrothecal margin everted, with two large and triangular lateral cusps and a shorter one in the median adcaulinar portion. Usually one internodal septum just below the insertion of lateral nematothecae and another just above insertion of medial inferior nematothecae. All nematothecae two-chambered, conical in shape, and mobile. Median inferior nematothecae with a long pedicel and a short superior chamber positioned at the base of the hydrothecae and curved in their direction. Lateral nematothecae with a pedicel shorter than the median inferior one, with the superior chamber surpassing the hydrothecal margin. Median superior nematothecae similar to the lateral ones, positioned at a distance from the hydrothecae. Gonothecae 6752990 µm high, 5102706 µm wide, arising from a short pedicel positioned next to the cauline apophysis, in the form of an inverted cone, larger distally, aperture round, with a thin operculum and a male medusoide inside, does not fill the gonothecal space. Gonothecal wall with a thick perisarc.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F03DF915571D883C4788BDCB6AAFF924" blockId="43.[150,1429,1674,1785]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
Figure 19. (A-C)
<taxonomicName id="37828296571D883C462ABDCB6ECEF943" baseAuthorityName="Allman" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[309,492,1674,1695]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Pycnotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="C2F62507571D883C462ABDCB6ECEF943" box="[309,492,1674,1695]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Pycnotheca mirabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: (A) general view of a stem with one gonotheca (red arrow); (B) detail of the gonotheca; (C) detail of a stem showing two hydrocladia and few hydrothecae; (D-E)
<taxonomicName id="37828296571D883C45F5BDE96C88F961" baseAuthorityName="Allman" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[746,938,1704,1725]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertularellidae" genus="Sertularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="diaphana">
<emphasis id="C2F62507571D883C45F5BDE96C88F961" box="[746,938,1704,1725]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Sertularella diaphana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: (D) detail of a fragmented stem; (E) detail of a stem with three hydrocladia and several hydrothecae; (F-H)
<taxonomicName id="37828296571D883C45BEBD876C7CF907" baseAuthorityName="Leloup" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[673,862,1734,1755]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertularellidae" genus="Sertularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="peculiaris">
<emphasis id="C2F62507571D883C45BEBD876C7CF907" box="[673,862,1734,1755]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Sertularella peculiaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: (F) general view of a colony on Porifera; (G) superior view of the hydrotheca aperture showing the five intrathecal cusps characteristics of this species; (H) detail of a stem with two hydrothecae.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F03DF915571A883B47C4BB866D6CFEC8" blockId="44.[158,779,198,606]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Material examined: PCS few colonies, one of them with gonotheca, from dry and rainy seasons. CZUFS CNI-00188; CNI-00304; CNI-00305; CNI-00306; CNI-00308.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915571A883B47C4BA606ED7FEEE" blockId="44.[158,779,198,606]" box="[219,501,287,307]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Stations: PCS 4, 5, 6, 8, 18.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915571A883B47C4BA7E6D37FE8D" blockId="44.[158,779,198,606]" box="[219,533,317,337]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Bottom: gravel, sand, and mud.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915571A883B47C4BA1B6DEDFDE2" blockId="44.[158,779,198,606]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
Distribution:
<collectingCountry id="8895B985571A883B467FBA1B6EB5FEB3" box="[352,407,347,366]" name="Brazil" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Brazil</collectingCountry>
<collectingRegion id="324637F7571A883B46B2BA1B6D08FEB3" box="[429,554,347,366]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Pernambuco</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B452ABA1B6FF0FE51" author="Migotto AE &amp; Marques AC" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="949 - 960" refId="ref50338" refString="Migotto AE, Marques AC (1999) Redescription of Dentitheca bidentata (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Plumulariidae), with notes on its life cycle. Journal of Natural History 33: 949 - 960. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 002229399300029" type="journal article" year="1999">Migotto and Marques 1999</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F7571A883B47FCBA396E0DFE50" box="[227,303,377,397]" country="Brazil" name="Alagoas" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Alagoas</collectingRegion>
(Maximiliano M. Maronna unpub. data),
<collectingRegion id="324637F7571A883B45CDBA396C28FE51" box="[722,778,377,396]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Bahia</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B47B9BAD76EA6FE77" author="Grohmann PA &amp; Nogueira CC &amp; Silva VMAP" box="[166,388,407,426]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref48696" refString="Grohmann PA, Nogueira CC, Silva VMAP (2003) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) collected on the continental shelf of Brazil during the Geomar X Oceanographic Operation. Zootaxa 299: 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="2003">Grohmann et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F7571A883B468BBAD76D3FFE77" box="[404,541,407,426]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B4536BAD76D9DFE77" author="Vannucci M" box="[553,703,407,426]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="216 - 266" refId="ref52406" refString="Vannucci M (1949) Hydrozoa do Brasil. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo 99: 216 - 266." type="journal article" year="1949">Vannucci 1949</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B45D6BAD76C24FE77" author="Vannucci M" box="[713,774,407,426]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="105 - 124" refId="ref52483" refString="Vannucci M (1951 a) Distribuicao dos Hydrozoa ate agora conhecidos nas costas do Brasil. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 2: 105 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0100 - 42391951000100004" type="journal article" year="1951">1951a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B4781BAF56EA6FE15" author="Grohmann PA &amp; Souza MM &amp; Nogueira CC" box="[158,388,437,456]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="227 - 232" refId="ref48824" refString="Grohmann PA, Souza MM, Nogueira CC (1997) Hydroids from the vicinity of a large industrial area in Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil. Proceedings of the 6 th International Conference on Coelenterate Biology 1995: 227 - 232." type="journal article" year="1997">Grohmann et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B468FBAF56EE6FE15" author="Grohmann PA &amp; Nogueira CC &amp; Silva VMAP" box="[400,452,437,456]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref48696" refString="Grohmann PA, Nogueira CC, Silva VMAP (2003) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) collected on the continental shelf of Brazil during the Geomar X Oceanographic Operation. Zootaxa 299: 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F7571A883B46C8BAF56D44FE15" box="[471,614,437,456]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B456ABAF56FF0FE3B" author="Nogueira CC &amp; Grohmann PA &amp; Silva VMAP" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refId="ref50822" refString="Nogueira CC, Grohmann PA, Silva VMAP (1997) Hydroids from the vicinity of a nuclear power plant site (CNAAA-Unidade I) at Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Proceedings of the 6 th International Conference on Coelenterate Biology: 365 - 369, available online at: https: // www. researchgate. net / publication / 279450354 _ Hydroids _ from _ the _ vicinity _ of _ a _ nuclear _ power _ plant _ site _ CNAAA-Unidade _ I _ at _ Angra _ dos _ Reis _ Rio _ de _ Janeiro _ Brazil [Accessed: 10 / 04 / 2019]" type="url" year="1997">Nogueira et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B47C4BA936E95FE3B" author="Grohmann PA &amp; Nogueira CC &amp; Silva VMAP" box="[219,439,467,486]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref48696" refString="Grohmann PA, Nogueira CC, Silva VMAP (2003) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) collected on the continental shelf of Brazil during the Geomar X Oceanographic Operation. Zootaxa 299: 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="2003">Grohmann et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
), and
<collectingRegion id="324637F7571A883B46EEBA936D72FE3B" box="[497,592,467,486]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B4543BA926E27FDD9" author="Migotto AE &amp; Marques AC" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="949 - 960" refId="ref50338" refString="Migotto AE, Marques AC (1999) Redescription of Dentitheca bidentata (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Plumulariidae), with notes on its life cycle. Journal of Natural History 33: 949 - 960. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 002229399300029" type="journal article" year="1999">Migotto and Marques 1999</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B4610BAB16D3EFDD9" author="Cunha AF &amp; Jacobucci GB" box="[271,540,497,516]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="945 - 955" refId="ref48014" refString="Cunha AF, Jacobucci GB (2010) Seasonal variation of epiphytic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) associated to a subtropical Sargassum cymosum (Phaeophyta: Fucales) bed. Zoologia (Curitiba) 27: 945 - 955. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1984 - 46702010000600016" type="journal article" year="2010">
<collectingCountry id="8895B985571A883B4610BAB16E71FDD9" box="[271,339,497,516]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Cunha</collectingCountry>
and Jacobucci 2010
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B4539BAB16FF1FDFF" author="Silveira FL &amp; Morandini AC" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref52113" refString="Silveira FL, Morandini AC (2011) Checklist dos Cnidaria do Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil. Biota Neotropica 11: 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / s 1676 - 06032011000500016" type="journal article" year="2011">Silveira and Morandini 2011</bibRefCitation>
). World distribution records from tropical regions of the Indian Ocean (western) and
<collectingCountry id="8895B985571A883B46A6B96C6D11FDE2" box="[441,563,556,575]" name="South Africa" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B455FB96C6DE6FDE2" author="Millard NAH" box="[576,708,556,575]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 513" refId="ref50466" refString="Millard NAH (1975) Monograph on the Hydroida of Southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 68: 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">Millard 1975</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915571A883B47C4B90A6EF9FD83" blockId="44.[158,779,198,606]" box="[219,475,586,606]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Remarks: Found on algae.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B898AA9E571A883B47F1B9C36E68FC5E" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F03DF915571A883B47F1B9C36EDFFD1C" blockId="44.[238,699,643,705]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="37828296571A883B47F1B9C36D99FD43" ID-CoL="8LF4B" authority="Nutting, 1900" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1900" box="[238,699,643,670]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="margaretta">
<emphasis id="C2F62507571A883B47F1B9C36D20FD43" box="[238,514,643,670]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Monotheca margaretta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B4515B9C36D99FD43" author="Nutting CC" box="[522,699,643,670]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 285" refId="ref50994" refString="Nutting CC (1900) American hydroids. Part I. The Plumularidae. United States National Museum Special Bulletin 4: 1 - 285." type="journal article" year="1900">Nutting, 1900</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="68B9E590571A883B46B2B9ED6EDFFD1C" box="[429,509,685,705]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="46.[159,217,1673,1693]" captionTargetBox="[321,1274,197,1660]" captionTargetId="figure-76@46.[321,1274,197,1660]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Figure 20. (A) Dentitheca bidentata: detail of a stem with few hydrocladia and one male gonotheca; (B) Plumularia floridana: detail of a stem showing several hydrothecae and mature gonangia (red arrows); (C) Monotheca margaretta: detail of a stem with few hydrothecae and one gonotheca; (D-E) Monotheca obliqua: (D) general view of a stem; (E) detail of a hydrotheca; (F) Plumularia sp.: (F) detail of a stem showing several hydrocladia and hydrothecae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176531/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 20C</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915571A883B4780B9966DEEFD37" blockId="44.[159,780,726,899]" box="[159,716,726,746]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
Synonyms available from:
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B4689B9966D38FD37" author="Calder DR" box="[406,538,726,746]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref47306" refString="Calder DR (1997) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: supefamily Plumularioidea. Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum 161: 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1997">Calder (1997)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B4555B9966DEBFD37" author="Galea HR" box="[586,713,726,746]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref48279" refString="Galea HR (2010) Additional shallow-water thecate hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles. Zootaxa 2570: 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="2010">Galea (2010)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915571A883B4780B9AF6DACFCC0" blockId="44.[159,780,726,899]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D092DE3B571A883B4780B9AF6DACFCC0" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<treatmentCitation id="7123DF04571A883B4780B9AF6D03FCDE" author="Nutting CC" box="[159,545,751,771]" page="72" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" year="1900">
<taxonomicName id="37828296571A883B4780B9AF6D03FCDE" ID-CoL="8LF4B" authority="Nutting, 1900: 72" authorityName="Nutting" authorityPageNumber="72" authorityYear="1900" box="[159,545,751,771]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="margaretta">
<emphasis id="C2F62507571A883B4780B9AF6E52FCDE" box="[159,368,751,771]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Monotheca margaretta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B466BB9AF6D03FCDE" author="Nutting CC" box="[372,545,751,771]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 285" refId="ref50994" refString="Nutting CC (1900) American hydroids. Part I. The Plumularidae. United States National Museum Special Bulletin 4: 1 - 285." type="journal article" year="1900">Nutting, 1900: 72</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 11, figs 13,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B45D6B9AF6EABFCC0" author="Silveira FL &amp; Morandini AC" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref52113" refString="Silveira FL, Morandini AC (2011) Checklist dos Cnidaria do Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil. Biota Neotropica 11: 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / s 1676 - 06032011000500016" type="journal article" year="2011">Silveira and Morandini, 2011</bibRefCitation>
,
<treatmentCitation id="7123DF04571A883B4682B8496DA8FCC0" author="Oliveira OMP &amp; Miranda TP &amp; Araujo EM &amp; Ayon P &amp; Cedeno-Posso CM &amp; Cepeda-Mercado AA" box="[413,650,777,797]" page="109" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" year="2016">
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B4682B8496DA8FCC0" author="Oliveira OMP &amp; Miranda TP &amp; Araujo EM &amp; Ayon P &amp; Cedeno-Posso CM &amp; Cepeda-Mercado AA" box="[413,650,777,797]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refId="ref51341" refString="Oliveira OMP, Miranda TP, Araujo EM, Ayon P, Cedeno-Posso CM, Cepeda-Mercado AA, et al. (2016) Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters. Zootaxa 4194: 001 - 256." type="journal volume" year="2016">Oliveira et al., 2016: 109</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915571A883B4780B8626D08FC8D" blockId="44.[159,780,726,899]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="37828296571A883B4780B8626E53FCEA" ID-CoL="8LF4B" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1900" box="[159,369,802,823]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="margaretta">
<emphasis id="C2F62507571A883B4780B8626E53FCEA" box="[159,369,802,823]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Monotheca margaretta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
f.
<emphasis id="C2F62507571A883B4696B8636E9DFCEA" box="[393,447,803,823]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">typica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B46DBB8636D88FCEA" author="Vannucci Mendes M" box="[452,682,803,823]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="535 - 598" refId="ref52653" refString="Vannucci Mendes M (1946) Hydroida Thecaphora do Brasil. Arquivos de Zoologia do Estado de Sao Paulo 4: 535 - 598." type="journal article" year="1946">Vannucci Mendes, 1946</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B45A1B8636E2FFC8D" author="Vannucci M" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="216 - 266" refId="ref52406" refString="Vannucci M (1949) Hydrozoa do Brasil. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo 99: 216 - 266." type="journal article" year="1949">Vannucci, 1949</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B4609B87C6E68FC8D" author="Vannucci M" box="[278,330,828,848]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="81 - 96" refId="ref52435" refString="Vannucci M (1950) Resultados cientificos do Cruzeiro do &quot; Baependi &quot; e do &quot; Vega &quot; a Ilha da Trindade. Hydrozoa. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 1: 81 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / s 0100 - 42391950000100007" type="journal article" year="1950">1950</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B464CB87C6EB0FC8D" author="Vannucci M" box="[339,402,828,848]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="105 - 124" refId="ref52483" refString="Vannucci M (1951 a) Distribuicao dos Hydrozoa ate agora conhecidos nas costas do Brasil. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 2: 105 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0100 - 42391951000100004" type="journal article" year="1951">1951a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B4684B87C6EFAFC8D" author="Vannucci M" box="[411,472,828,848]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="6 - 99" refId="ref52523" refString="Vannucci M (1951 b) Hydrozoa e Scyphozoa existentes no Instituto Paulista de Oceanografia. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 2: 6 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0100 - 42391951000100003" type="journal article" year="1951">1951b</bibRefCitation>
[polyp];
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915571A883B4780B8156E68FC5E" blockId="44.[159,780,726,899]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="37828296571A883B4780B8156E52FCB7" ID-CoL="8LF4B" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1900" box="[159,368,853,874]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="margaretta">
<emphasis id="C2F62507571A883B4780B8156E52FCB7" box="[159,368,853,874]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Monotheca margaretta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
f.
<emphasis id="C2F62507571A883B469AB8156E91FCB4" box="[389,435,853,873]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">curta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B46A6B8166DBFFCB7" author="Vannucci Mendes M" box="[441,669,854,874]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="535 - 598" refId="ref52653" refString="Vannucci Mendes M (1946) Hydroida Thecaphora do Brasil. Arquivos de Zoologia do Estado de Sao Paulo 4: 535 - 598." type="journal article" year="1946">Vannucci Mendes, 1946</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B45AFB8166FDAFC5E" author="Vannucci M" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="105 - 124" refId="ref52483" refString="Vannucci M (1951 a) Distribuicao dos Hydrozoa ate agora conhecidos nas costas do Brasil. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 2: 105 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0100 - 42391951000100004" type="journal article" year="1951">Vannucci, 1951a</bibRefCitation>
[polyp];
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B898AA9E571A883B47C4B8D56B99FB77" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="description">
<paragraph id="F03DF915571A883B47C4B8D56EDEF96C" blockId="44.[157,780,917,1773]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
Description: Colonies erect, up to
<quantity id="377A54F0571A883B4525B8D56DA1FC74" box="[570,643,917,937]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
high, arising from a tubular and creeping hydrorhiza. Perisarc thin in the entire colony. Hydrorhiza with several internal perisarc projections and nematothecae. Stem monosiphonic, unbranched, divided into regular internodes separated by transverse nodes. The first internode without hydrocladia or nematothecae, short and square-shaped. Other internodes formed by an apophysis in the distal portion and three nematothecae, two in the axis between the apophysis and the stem and the third one between the proximal transverse node and the apophysis. Apophysis carries one hydrocladium and one hydrotheca. Hydrocladia carries two internodes separated by transverse nodes, the first internode without hydrothecae or nematothecae and the second one with one hydrotheca and three nematothecae, a medial inferior and a pair or laterals. All nematothecae two-chambered and conical. Medial inferior nematothecae long, reaching half the hydrothecal length. Lateral nematothecae long, with an initial portion forming a Y projected to the internode, positioned behind the hydrothecae and surpassing the hydrothecal margin. Hydrothecae cylindrical, deep, 98138 µm high, 84119 µm wide, adnate to the internode along almost their length. Internodes and hydrorhizal nematothecae are similar to the medial inferior ones. Gonothecae 24462620 µm high, 15351566 µm wide, barrel-shaped, one per stem, arising from a short pedicel on the stem at the axis between the internode and a hydrotheca. Gonothecae with several longitudinal pleats in the perisarc.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915571A883B47C4BDFC6A2DFF2A" blockId="44.[157,780,917,1773]" lastBlockId="44.[815,1438,198,1054]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Material examined: PCS abundant colonies, several with gonothecae, from the dry and rainy seasons; VB two infertile colonies from the dry season. CZUFS CNI-00020; CNI-00060; CNI-00193; CNI-00194; CNI-00195; CNI-00198.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915571A883B4472BA426CDBFEEF" blockId="44.[815,1438,198,1054]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Stations: PCS 1, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18; VB C2P34, C3P56.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915571A883B4472BA7E6B85FE8D" blockId="44.[815,1438,198,1054]" box="[877,1191,317,337]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Bottom: gravel, sand, and mud.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915571A883B4472BA1B6AB9FCF3" blockId="44.[815,1438,198,1054]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
Distribution:
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<collectingRegion id="324637F7571A883B4351BA1B6BA5FEB3" box="[1102,1159,347,366]" country="Brazil" name="Ceara" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Ceará</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B4388BA1B6A4AFEB3" author="Marques AC &amp; Shimabukuro V &amp; Morandini AC &amp; Migotto AE" box="[1175,1384,347,367]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="71 - 112" refId="ref49741" refString="Marques AC, Shimabukuro V, Morandini AC, Migotto AE (2006) Cnidaria Medusozoa do litoral do estado do Ceara. In: Matthews-Cascon H, Lotufo TMC (Eds) Biota marinha da costa este do Ceara. Ministerio do Meio Ambiente Pronabio, Brasilia, 71 - 112." type="book chapter" year="2006">Marques et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B4269BA1B6CF0FE51" author="Shimabukuro V" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refId="ref51932" refString="Shimabukuro V (2007) As associacoes epizoicas de Hydrozoa (Cnidaria: Leptothecata, Anthoathecata e Limnomedusae): I) Estudo faunistico de hidrozoarios epizoicos e seus organismos associados; II) Dinamica de comunidades bentonicas em substratos artificiais. Master's Dissertation, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 275 pp, available online at: https: // teses. usp. br / teses / disponiveis / 41 / 41133 / tde- 29082007 - 145731 / pt-br. php [Accessed: 02 / 05 / 2019]" type="book" year="2007">Shimabukuro 2007</bibRefCitation>
), Fernando de Noronha (
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B43CFBA396AB0FE51" author="Shimabukuro V" box="[1232,1426,377,396]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refId="ref51932" refString="Shimabukuro V (2007) As associacoes epizoicas de Hydrozoa (Cnidaria: Leptothecata, Anthoathecata e Limnomedusae): I) Estudo faunistico de hidrozoarios epizoicos e seus organismos associados; II) Dinamica de comunidades bentonicas em substratos artificiais. Master's Dissertation, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 275 pp, available online at: https: // teses. usp. br / teses / disponiveis / 41 / 41133 / tde- 29082007 - 145731 / pt-br. php [Accessed: 02 / 05 / 2019]" type="book" year="2007">Shimabukuro 2007</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F7571A883B442DBAD76C58FE77" box="[818,890,407,426]" country="Brazil" name="Paraiba" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Paraíba</collectingRegion>
(Felipe F. Campos unpub. data),
<collectingRegion id="324637F7571A883B43CFBAD76A6FFE77" box="[1232,1357,407,426]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Pernambuco</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B4243BAD76CFAFE15" author="Calder DR &amp; Mayal EM" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="69 - 78" refId="ref47689" refString="Calder DR, Mayal EM (1998) Dry season distribution of hydroids in a small tropical estuary, Pernambuco, Brazil. Zoologische Verhandelingen 323: 69 - 78." type="journal article" year="1998">Calder and Maÿal 1998</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F7571A883B44F5BAF56B14FE14" box="[1002,1078,437,457]" country="Brazil" name="Alagoas" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Alagoas</collectingRegion>
(Maximiliano M. Maronna unpub. data),
<collectingRegion id="324637F7571A883B4472BA936C87FE3B" box="[877,933,467,486]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Bahia</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B44AFBA936BA9FE3B" author="Grohmann PA &amp; Nogueira CC &amp; Silva VMAP" box="[944,1163,467,486]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref48696" refString="Grohmann PA, Nogueira CC, Silva VMAP (2003) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) collected on the continental shelf of Brazil during the Geomar X Oceanographic Operation. Zootaxa 299: 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="2003">Grohmann et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
, Kelmo et al. 2003),
<collectingRegion id="324637F7571A883B424FBA936C45FDD9" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B4469BAB16B33FDD9" author="Vannucci M" box="[886,1041,497,516]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="216 - 266" refId="ref52406" refString="Vannucci M (1949) Hydrozoa do Brasil. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo 99: 216 - 266." type="journal article" year="1949">Vannucci 1949</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B4301BAB16B79FDD9" author="Vannucci M" box="[1054,1115,497,516]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="105 - 124" refId="ref52483" refString="Vannucci M (1951 a) Distribuicao dos Hydrozoa ate agora conhecidos nas costas do Brasil. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 2: 105 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0100 - 42391951000100004" type="journal article" year="1951">1951a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B4376BAB16A6DFDD9" author="Grohmann PA &amp; Souza MM &amp; Nogueira CC" box="[1129,1359,497,516]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="227 - 232" refId="ref48824" refString="Grohmann PA, Souza MM, Nogueira CC (1997) Hydroids from the vicinity of a large industrial area in Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil. Proceedings of the 6 th International Conference on Coelenterate Biology 1995: 227 - 232." type="journal article" year="1997">Grohmann et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B4243BAB16AB2FDD9" author="Grohmann PA &amp; Nogueira CC &amp; Silva VMAP" box="[1372,1424,497,516]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref48696" refString="Grohmann PA, Nogueira CC, Silva VMAP (2003) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) collected on the continental shelf of Brazil during the Geomar X Oceanographic Operation. Zootaxa 299: 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F7571A883B442FB94E6C9FFDFC" box="[816,957,526,545]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B44D5B94E6B95FDFC" author="Vannucci Mendes M" box="[970,1207,526,545]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="535 - 598" refId="ref52653" refString="Vannucci Mendes M (1946) Hydroida Thecaphora do Brasil. Arquivos de Zoologia do Estado de Sao Paulo 4: 535 - 598." type="journal article" year="1946">Vannucci Mendes 1946</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B43DDB94E6A78FDFF" author="Vannucci M" box="[1218,1370,526,546]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="216 - 266" refId="ref52406" refString="Vannucci M (1949) Hydrozoa do Brasil. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo 99: 216 - 266." type="journal article" year="1949">Vannucci 1949</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B427AB94E6ABAFDFC" author="Vannucci M" box="[1381,1432,526,545]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="81 - 96" refId="ref52435" refString="Vannucci M (1950) Resultados cientificos do Cruzeiro do &quot; Baependi &quot; e do &quot; Vega &quot; a Ilha da Trindade. Hydrozoa. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 1: 81 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / s 0100 - 42391950000100007" type="journal article" year="1950">1950</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B442EB96C6C4DFDE2" author="Vannucci M" box="[817,879,556,575]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="105 - 124" refId="ref52483" refString="Vannucci M (1951 a) Distribuicao dos Hydrozoa ate agora conhecidos nas costas do Brasil. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 2: 105 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0100 - 42391951000100004" type="journal article" year="1951">1951a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B4463B96C6B6CFD9D" author="Nogueira CC &amp; Grohmann PA &amp; Silva VMAP" box="[892,1102,556,576]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refId="ref50822" refString="Nogueira CC, Grohmann PA, Silva VMAP (1997) Hydroids from the vicinity of a nuclear power plant site (CNAAA-Unidade I) at Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Proceedings of the 6 th International Conference on Coelenterate Biology: 365 - 369, available online at: https: // www. researchgate. net / publication / 279450354 _ Hydroids _ from _ the _ vicinity _ of _ a _ nuclear _ power _ plant _ site _ CNAAA-Unidade _ I _ at _ Angra _ dos _ Reis _ Rio _ de _ Janeiro _ Brazil [Accessed: 10 / 04 / 2019]" type="url" year="1997">Nogueira et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B4344B96C6A05FDE2" author="Miranda TP &amp; Genzano GN &amp; Marques AC" box="[1115,1319,556,576]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="484 - 506" refId="ref50491" refString="Miranda TP, Genzano GN, Marques AC (2015) Areas of endemism in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean based on the distribution of benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zootaxa 4033: 484 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4033.4.2" type="journal article" year="2015">Miranda et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F7571A883B4224B96D6ABFFDE2" box="[1339,1437,556,576]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B4428B90A6B02FD80" author="Vannucci Mendes M" box="[823,1056,586,605]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="535 - 598" refId="ref52653" refString="Vannucci Mendes M (1946) Hydroida Thecaphora do Brasil. Arquivos de Zoologia do Estado de Sao Paulo 4: 535 - 598." type="journal article" year="1946">Vannucci Mendes 1946</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B4335B90A6B9DFD80" author="Vannucci M" box="[1066,1215,586,605]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="216 - 266" refId="ref52406" refString="Vannucci M (1949) Hydrozoa do Brasil. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo 99: 216 - 266." type="journal article" year="1949">Vannucci 1949</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B43D6B90A6A24FD80" author="Vannucci M" box="[1225,1286,586,605]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="105 - 124" refId="ref52483" refString="Vannucci M (1951 a) Distribuicao dos Hydrozoa ate agora conhecidos nas costas do Brasil. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 2: 105 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0100 - 42391951000100004" type="journal article" year="1951">1951a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B420FB90A6ABAFD80" author="Migotto AE" box="[1296,1432,586,606]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref50248" refString="Migotto AE (1996) Benthic shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the coast of Sao Sebastiao, Brazil, including a checklist of Brazilian hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen 306: 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1996">Migotto 1996</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B442FB9286CD2FDA6" author="Oliveira OMP &amp; Marques AC &amp; Migotto AE" box="[816,1008,616,636]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref51287" refString="Oliveira OMP, Marques AC, Migotto AE (2006) Chave de identificacao dos hidroides (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) epifiticos do Canal de Sao Sebastiao (SE, Brasil). Biota Neotropica 6: 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032006000200025" type="journal article" year="2006">Oliveira et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B44E4B9286B99FDA6" author="Shimabukuro V" box="[1019,1211,616,635]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refId="ref51932" refString="Shimabukuro V (2007) As associacoes epizoicas de Hydrozoa (Cnidaria: Leptothecata, Anthoathecata e Limnomedusae): I) Estudo faunistico de hidrozoarios epizoicos e seus organismos associados; II) Dinamica de comunidades bentonicas em substratos artificiais. Master's Dissertation, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 275 pp, available online at: https: // teses. usp. br / teses / disponiveis / 41 / 41133 / tde- 29082007 - 145731 / pt-br. php [Accessed: 02 / 05 / 2019]" type="book" year="2007">Shimabukuro 2007</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B43D9B9286C46FD44" author="Cunha AF &amp; Jacobucci GB" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="945 - 955" refId="ref48014" refString="Cunha AF, Jacobucci GB (2010) Seasonal variation of epiphytic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) associated to a subtropical Sargassum cymosum (Phaeophyta: Fucales) bed. Zoologia (Curitiba) 27: 945 - 955. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1984 - 46702010000600016" type="journal article" year="2010">
<collectingCountry id="8895B985571A883B43D9B9286A28FDA6" box="[1222,1290,616,635]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Cunha</collectingCountry>
and Jacobucci 2010
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B4472B9C66B55FD44" author="Oliveira OMP &amp; Marques AC" box="[877,1143,646,665]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="786 - 795" refId="ref51238" refString="Oliveira OMP, Marques AC (2011) Global and local patterns in the use of macrophytes as substrata by hydroids (Hydrozoa: Anthoathecata and Leptothecata). Marine Biology Research 7: 786 - 795. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000.2011.57864 7" type="journal article" year="2011">Oliveira and Marques 2011</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B439FB9C66ABBFD44" author="Silveira FL &amp; Morandini AC" box="[1152,1433,646,665]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref52113" refString="Silveira FL, Morandini AC (2011) Checklist dos Cnidaria do Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil. Biota Neotropica 11: 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / s 1676 - 06032011000500016" type="journal article" year="2011">Silveira and Morandini 2011</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B4430B9E46B2BFD6A" author="Fernandez MO &amp; Navarrete SA &amp; Marques AC" box="[815,1033,676,695]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="144 - 152" refId="ref48130" refString="Fernandez MO, Navarrete SA, Marques AC (2014) Temporal variation in richness and composition of recruits in a diverse cnidarian assemblage of subtropical Brazil. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 460: 144 - 152." type="journal article" year="2014">Fernandez et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B430BB9E46BF9FD6A" author="Miranda TP &amp; Genzano GN &amp; Marques AC" box="[1044,1243,676,695]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="484 - 506" refId="ref50491" refString="Miranda TP, Genzano GN, Marques AC (2015) Areas of endemism in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean based on the distribution of benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zootaxa 4033: 484 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4033.4.2" type="journal article" year="2015">Miranda et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
), Paraná (
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B4221B9E46C4DFD08" author="Vannucci M" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="105 - 124" refId="ref52483" refString="Vannucci M (1951 a) Distribuicao dos Hydrozoa ate agora conhecidos nas costas do Brasil. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 2: 105 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0100 - 42391951000100004" type="journal article" year="1951">Vannucci 1951a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B4467B9826B1BFD08" author="Miranda TP &amp; Genzano GN &amp; Marques AC" box="[888,1081,706,725]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="484 - 506" refId="ref50491" refString="Miranda TP, Genzano GN, Marques AC (2015) Areas of endemism in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean based on the distribution of benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zootaxa 4033: 484 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4033.4.2" type="journal article" year="2015">Miranda et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
, Maria A. Haddad unpub. data), and Santa Catarina (
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B44D2B9A06BB2FD2E" author="Miranda TP &amp; Haddad MA &amp; Shimabukuro V &amp; Dubiaski-Silva J &amp; Marques AC" box="[973,1168,736,755]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="331 - 353" refId="ref50542" refString="Miranda TP, Haddad MA, Shimabukuro V, Dubiaski-Silva J, Marques AC (2011) Fauna de hidroides (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) da regiao de Bombinhas, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Biota Neotropica 11: 331 - 353." type="journal article" year="2011">Miranda et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B4386B99F6BEEFD2F" author="Miranda TP &amp; Genzano GN &amp; Marques AC" box="[1177,1228,735,754]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="484 - 506" refId="ref50491" refString="Miranda TP, Genzano GN, Marques AC (2015) Areas of endemism in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean based on the distribution of benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zootaxa 4033: 484 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4033.4.2" type="journal article" year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B43C9B9A06AB0FD2E" author="Bouzon JL &amp; Brandini FP &amp; Rocha RM" box="[1238,1426,736,755]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="39 - 47" refId="ref47083" refString="Bouzon JL, Brandini FP, Rocha RM (2012) Biodiversity of sessile fauna on rocky shores of coastal islands in Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. Marine Science 2: 39 - 47." type="journal article" year="2012">Bouzon et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
). World distribution considered circumglobal, with records from Western and Eastern Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B420AB85B6AB2FCF3" author="Calder DR" box="[1301,1424,795,814]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref47306" refString="Calder DR (1997) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: supefamily Plumularioidea. Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum 161: 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1997">Calder 1997</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915571A883B4472B8796B69FC7B" blockId="44.[815,1438,198,1054]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
Taxonomic remarks: The recognition of
<taxonomicName id="37828296571A883B43EAB8796A78FC91" box="[1269,1370,825,844]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C2F62507571A883B43EAB8796A78FC91" box="[1269,1370,825,844]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Monotheca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as distinct from
<taxonomicName id="37828296571A883B4483B8176BB9FCB7" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[924,1179,855,874]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C2F62507571A883B4483B8176B21FCB7" box="[924,1027,855,874]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Plumularia</emphasis>
Lamarck, 1816
</taxonomicName>
has been made elsewhere based on evidence of both morphology (
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B43FBB8356A47FC55" author="Calder DR" box="[1252,1381,885,904]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref47306" refString="Calder DR (1997) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: supefamily Plumularioidea. Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum 161: 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1997">Calder 1997</bibRefCitation>
) and genetics (Moura et al. 2018).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915571A883B4472B8F16B4BFBC0" blockId="44.[815,1438,198,1054]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
Remarks: The PCS colonies were colonizing algae, Bryozoa,
<taxonomicName id="37828296571A883B4430B88E6C80FC3C" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1795" box="[815,930,974,993]" class="Gastropoda" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="class">Gastropoda</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="37828296571A883B44AFB88E6B15FC3F" box="[944,1079,974,994]" class="Gastropoda" family="Xenophoridae" genus="Xenophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="C2F62507571A883B44AFB88E6B37FC3C" box="[944,1045,974,993]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Xenophora</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="37828296571A883B4357B88E6B96FC3F" box="[1096,1204,974,994]" class="Polychaeta" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="class">Polychaeta</taxonomicName>
tubes, rocks, Brachyura (Majoidea), and the hydroid
<taxonomicName id="37828296571A883B4352B8AC6BDEFC22" baseAuthorityName="Fewkes" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[1101,1276,1004,1023]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Syntheciidae" genus="Hincksella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="formosa">
<emphasis id="C2F62507571A883B4352B8AC6BDEFC22" box="[1101,1276,1004,1023]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Hincksella formosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Estuarine colonies were colonizing the plates.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915571A883B4498BF036BB8FB5C" blockId="44.[903,1350,1091,1153]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="37828296571A883B4498BF036A64FB83" authority="(Johnston, 1847)" baseAuthorityName="Johnston" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[903,1350,1091,1118]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="obliqua">
<emphasis id="C2F62507571A883B4498BF036B4FFB83" box="[903,1133,1091,1118]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Monotheca obliqua</emphasis>
(Johnston, 1847)
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="68B9E590571A883B432CBF2D6BB8FB5C" box="[1075,1178,1133,1153]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="46.[159,217,1673,1693]" captionTargetBox="[321,1274,197,1660]" captionTargetId="figure-76@46.[321,1274,197,1660]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Figure 20. (A) Dentitheca bidentata: detail of a stem with few hydrocladia and one male gonotheca; (B) Plumularia floridana: detail of a stem showing several hydrothecae and mature gonangia (red arrows); (C) Monotheca margaretta: detail of a stem with few hydrothecae and one gonotheca; (D-E) Monotheca obliqua: (D) general view of a stem; (E) detail of a hydrotheca; (F) Plumularia sp.: (F) detail of a stem showing several hydrocladia and hydrothecae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176531/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 20DE</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915571A883B442FBFD66B99FB77" blockId="44.[816,1318,1174,1226]" box="[816,1211,1174,1194]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
Synonyms available from:
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571A883B4337BFD66B95FB77" author="Watson JE" box="[1064,1207,1174,1194]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="71 - 91" refId="ref52922" refString="Watson JE (2011) Review of the genus Monotheca (Hydrozoa: Leptolida) from Australia with description of a new species and a note on Monothecella Stechow, 1923. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 68: 71 - 91." type="journal article" year="2011">Watson (2011)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B898AA9E571A883B442FBFF56A04FB17" box="[816,1318,1205,1226]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F03DF915571A883B442FBFF56A04FB17" blockId="44.[816,1318,1174,1226]" box="[816,1318,1205,1226]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="37828296571A883B442FBFF56B86FB17" ID-CoL="4KJKZ" authority="Johnston, 1847: 106" authorityName="Johnston" authorityPageNumber="106" authorityYear="1847" box="[816,1188,1205,1226]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="obliqua">
<emphasis id="C2F62507571A883B442FBFF56CFBFB14" box="[816,985,1205,1225]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Plumularia obliqua</emphasis>
Johnston, 1847: 106
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 28, fig. 1.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B898AA9E571A883A4472BF9C6EF6FD83" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="description">
<paragraph id="F03DF915571A883A4472BF9C6EF8FEC8" blockId="44.[815,1438,1243,1771]" lastBlockId="45.[149,772,198,606]" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
Description: Colonies erect, up to
<quantity id="377A54F0571A883B43DFBF9B6A3BFB32" box="[1216,1305,1243,1263]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="12.5">12.5 mm</quantity>
high, arising from a tubular and creeping hydrorhiza. Stem monosiphonic, sympodial, divided into internodes moderately long, separated by transverse nodes. Initial internodes short, without hydrothecae or nematothecae. Posterior internodes alternately, carrying one apophysis in the distal portion and two nematothecae, one in the axis between the apophysis and the stem and the other in the middle of the internode. Apophysis carrying one hydrocladium with one hydrotheca. Hydrocladia with two internodes separated by transverse nodes, the first one without hydrothecae or nematothecae and the second one with one hydrotheca and three nematothecae, one medial inferior and a pair or lateral. Hydrothecal internode is almost entirely occupied by the hydrotheca, larger distally and with one or two internal septa behind the hydrotheca. Hydrothecae cylindrical, 133150 µm high, 137151 µm wide, abcaulinar and adcaulinar wall slightly convex. All nematothecae two-chambered and mobile. Medial inferior nematothecae short, reaching almost the hydrothecal base. Lateral nematothecae directed outward, inserted in the final portion of the intersegment with hydrothecae, surpassing completely the hydrothecal rim.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915571B883A47CBBA606D92FE8C" blockId="45.[149,772,198,606]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Material examined: PCS few infertile colonies from the dry and rainy seasons. CZUFS CNI-00021; CNI-00197.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915571B883A47CBBA1B6D09FEB3" blockId="45.[149,772,198,606]" box="[212,555,347,367]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Stations: PCS 5, 6, 12, 13, 15, 18.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915571B883A47CBBA3A6EEFFE51" blockId="45.[149,772,198,606]" box="[212,461,377,397]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Bottom: gravel and mud.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915571B883A47CBBAD76DDFFE15" blockId="45.[149,772,198,606]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
Distribution:
<collectingCountry id="8895B985571B883A4648BAD76EACFE77" box="[343,398,407,426]" name="Brazil" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Brazil</collectingCountry>
<collectingRegion id="324637F7571B883A46BEBAD76D0AFE77" box="[417,552,407,426]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571B883A452CBAD76DDBFE77" author="Nogueira CC &amp; Grohmann PA &amp; Silva VMAP" box="[563,761,407,427]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref50822" refString="Nogueira CC, Grohmann PA, Silva VMAP (1997) Hydroids from the vicinity of a nuclear power plant site (CNAAA-Unidade I) at Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Proceedings of the 6 th International Conference on Coelenterate Biology: 365 - 369, available online at: https: // www. researchgate. net / publication / 279450354 _ Hydroids _ from _ the _ vicinity _ of _ a _ nuclear _ power _ plant _ site _ CNAAA-Unidade _ I _ at _ Angra _ dos _ Reis _ Rio _ de _ Janeiro _ Brazil [Accessed: 10 / 04 / 2019]" type="url" year="1997">Nogueira et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
). World distribution considered cosmopolitan (
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571B883A4573BAF56DD0FE15" author="Watson JE" box="[620,754,437,456]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="71 - 91" refId="ref52922" refString="Watson JE (2011) Review of the genus Monotheca (Hydrozoa: Leptolida) from Australia with description of a new species and a note on Monothecella Stechow, 1923. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 68: 71 - 91." type="journal article" year="2011">Watson 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915571B883A47CBBA936D39FD9D" blockId="45.[149,772,198,606]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
Taxonomic remarks: As mentioned above, the recognition of
<taxonomicName id="37828296571B883A47B0BAB16E31FDD9" box="[175,275,497,516]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C2F62507571B883A47B0BAB16E31FDD9" box="[175,275,497,516]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Monotheca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as distinct from
<taxonomicName id="37828296571B883A46AFBAB16D89FDD9" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[432,683,497,516]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C2F62507571B883A46AFBAB16D34FDD9" box="[432,534,497,516]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Plumularia</emphasis>
Lamarck, 1816
</taxonomicName>
has been made elsewhere based on evidence of both morphology (
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4571B883A45DFB94E6FEAFD9D" author="Calder DR" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref47306" refString="Calder DR (1997) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: supefamily Plumularioidea. Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum 161: 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1997">Calder 1997</bibRefCitation>
) and genetics (Moura et al. 2018).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915571B883A47CBB90A6EF6FD83" blockId="45.[149,772,198,606]" box="[212,468,586,606]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Remarks: Found on algae.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -0,0 +1,467 @@
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<paragraph id="F03DF91557238802460CBEC16DA5FA41" blockId="21.[275,647,1409,1436]" box="[275,647,1409,1436]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="AB754E7957238802460CBEC16DA5FA41" box="[275,647,1409,1436]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="3782829657238802460CBEC16DA5FA41" ID-CoL="5ZFBT" authority="(Thornely, 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Thorneley" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[275,647,1409,1436]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="linearis">
<emphasis id="C2F6250757238802460CBEC16E93FA41" box="[275,433,1409,1436]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Clytia linearis</emphasis>
(Thornely, 1900)
</taxonomicName>
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="F03DF9155723880246B2BEEA6ECFFA63" blockId="21.[429,493,1450,1470]" box="[429,493,1450,1470]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<figureCitation id="68B9E5905723880246B2BEEA6ECFFA63" box="[429,493,1450,1470]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="19.[151,209,1698,1718]" captionTargetBox="[152,1428,197,1686]" captionTargetId="figure-75@19.[152,1428,197,1686]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 9. (A) Clytia brevithecata: general view of a polyp; (B) Clytia linearis: general view of a colony; (C, H) Clytia macrotheca: general view of a polyp; (H) detail of the hydrotheca margin; (F-G) Clytia noliformis: (F) detail of two gonothecae; (G) general view of a polyp; (D, E, I) Clytia paulensis: (D) general view of a polyp; (E) detail of two gonothecae; (I) detail of the hydrotheca margin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176505" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176505/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915572388024788BE936D3BFA3A" blockId="21.[151,611,1491,1537]" box="[151,537,1491,1511]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Synonyms available from:
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572388024690BE936D37FA3A" author="Calder DR" box="[399,533,1491,1511]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 140" refId="ref47276" refString="Calder DR (1991) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Thecatae, exclusive of Plumularioidea. Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum 154: 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1991">Calder (1991)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F03DF915572388024788BEAD6D41F9DC" blockId="21.[151,611,1491,1537]" box="[151,611,1516,1537]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="37828296572388024788BEAD6EFDF9DC" ID-CoL="6SCHR" authority="Thornely, 1900: 453" authorityName="Thornely" authorityPageNumber="453" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,479,1516,1537]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="linearis">
<emphasis id="C2F62507572388024788BEAD6E35F9DD" box="[151,279,1516,1537]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Obelia linearis</emphasis>
Thornely, 1900: 453
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 44, fig. 6.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B898AA9E5723880247CBBD526B89FB9C" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph id="F03DF9155723880247CBBD526AB7FF2A" blockId="21.[151,772,1554,1783]" lastBlockId="21.[807,1430,198,934]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Description: Colonies erect or less frequently stolonal, up to
<quantity id="377A54F05723880247CDBD706E09F999" box="[210,299,1584,1604]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.16" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="3.16">3.16 mm</quantity>
high, arising from a creeping hydrorhiza. Erect colonies with few branches, disposed alternately, each one giving rise to a hydrotheca. Perisarc thin and smooth, annulated at the base and the distal end or completely annulated (mainly in the erect colonies). Hydrothecae cylindrical,
<quantity id="377A54F057238802456CBDE86C20F966" box="[627,770,1704,1723]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.05" metricValueMax="5.6" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="0.505" valueMax="0.56" valueMin="0.45">0.450.56 mm</quantity>
high,
<quantity id="377A54F05723880247CBBD866E7AF904" box="[212,344,1734,1753]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="0.21" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.12">0.120.3 mm</quantity>
of marginal wide, walls with a thin perisarc. Diaphragm thin, straight, and near the hydrothecal base. Margin with 810 deep and sharp cusps, separated by U-shaped embayments, with a visible pleat as a vertical line in the space.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF91557238802447ABA426AB4FEB3" blockId="21.[807,1430,198,934]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Material examined: PCS few infertile colonies from the dry and rainy seasons; VB few infertile colonies from the dry and rainy seasons; SE three infertile colonies from the dry season. CZUFS CNI-00003; CNI-00050; CNI-00115; CNI-00116.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF91557238802447ABA396BF1FE77" blockId="21.[807,1430,198,934]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Station: PCS 1, 4, 5, 7, 12, 14, 17; VB C1P12, C1P56, C2P34, C3P34; SE C1P34, C1P56, C2P56.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF91557238802447ABAF56B82FE15" blockId="21.[807,1430,198,934]" box="[869,1184,437,457]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Bottom: gravel, sand, and mud.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF91557238802447ABA936CE7FCCC" blockId="21.[807,1430,198,934]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Distribution:
<collectingCountry id="8895B9855723880244F2BA936B06FE3B" box="[1005,1060,467,486]" name="Brazil" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Brazil</collectingCountry>
<collectingRegion id="324637F757238802435FBA936B9FFE3B" box="[1088,1213,467,486]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Pernambuco</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45723880243D4BA936AB3FE3B" author="Oliveira DG &amp; Cordeiro RFS &amp; Amaral FD &amp; Santos GS &amp; Guerra Junior GLC" box="[1227,1425,467,486]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref51108" refString="Oliveira DG, Cordeiro RFS, Amaral FD, Santos GS, Guerra Junior GLC (2009) Inventario de hidroides dos ambientes recifais de Porto de Galinhas, Tamandare e Itamaraca (PE). Anais da IX Jornada de Ensino, Pesquisa e extensao - JEPEX: R 0694 - 1, available online at: http: // www. eventosufrpe. com. br / jepex 2009 / cd / resumos / R 0694 - 1. pdf [Accessed: 12 / 02 / 2019]" type="url" year="2009">Oliveira et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
, abstract),
<collectingRegion id="324637F7572388024489BAB16CF3FDD9" box="[918,977,497,516]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Bahia</collectingRegion>
(Kelmo and Attrill 2003),
<collectingRegion id="324637F75723880243E2BAB16AB6FDD9" box="[1277,1428,497,516]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457238802442FB94E6B31FDFF" author="Grohmann PA &amp; Souza MM &amp; Nogueira CC" box="[816,1043,526,546]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="227 - 232" refId="ref48824" refString="Grohmann PA, Souza MM, Nogueira CC (1997) Hydroids from the vicinity of a large industrial area in Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil. Proceedings of the 6 th International Conference on Coelenterate Biology 1995: 227 - 232." type="journal article" year="1997">Grohmann et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572388024300B94F6B71FDFF" author="Grohmann PA &amp; Nogueira CC &amp; Silva VMAP" box="[1055,1107,527,546]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref48696" refString="Grohmann PA, Nogueira CC, Silva VMAP (2003) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) collected on the continental shelf of Brazil during the Geomar X Oceanographic Operation. Zootaxa 299: 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F757238802437AB94E6BD0FDFC" box="[1125,1266,526,545]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457238802421FB94E6C7FFD9D" author="Nogueira CC &amp; Grohmann PA &amp; Silva VMAP" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref50822" refString="Nogueira CC, Grohmann PA, Silva VMAP (1997) Hydroids from the vicinity of a nuclear power plant site (CNAAA-Unidade I) at Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Proceedings of the 6 th International Conference on Coelenterate Biology: 365 - 369, available online at: https: // www. researchgate. net / publication / 279450354 _ Hydroids _ from _ the _ vicinity _ of _ a _ nuclear _ power _ plant _ site _ CNAAA-Unidade _ I _ at _ Angra _ dos _ Reis _ Rio _ de _ Janeiro _ Brazil [Accessed: 10 / 04 / 2019]" type="url" year="1997">Nogueira et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457238802447AB96C6B06FDE2" author="Miranda TP &amp; Genzano GN &amp; Marques AC" box="[869,1060,556,576]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="484 - 506" refId="ref50491" refString="Miranda TP, Genzano GN, Marques AC (2015) Areas of endemism in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean based on the distribution of benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zootaxa 4033: 484 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4033.4.2" type="journal article" year="2015">Miranda et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F757238802432CB96D6BB2FDE2" box="[1075,1168,556,576]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572388024384B96C6A00FDE2" author="Migotto AE" box="[1179,1314,556,576]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref50248" refString="Migotto AE (1996) Benthic shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the coast of Sao Sebastiao, Brazil, including a checklist of Brazilian hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen 306: 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1996">Migotto 1996</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572388024234B96D6C56FD80" author="Marques AC" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="329 - 405" refId="ref49495" refString="Marques AC (2001) O genero Eudendrium (Hydrozoa, Anthomedusae, Eudendriidae) no Brasil. Papes Avulsos de Zoologia 41 (22): 329 - 405." type="journal article" year="2001">Marques et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572388024462B90A6B5FFD80" author="Lindner A &amp; Migotto AE" box="[893,1149,586,606]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="541 - 553" refId="ref49400" refString="Lindner A, Migotto AE (2002) The life cycle of Clytia linearis and Clytia noliformis: metagenic campanulariids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) with contrasting polyp and medusa stages. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 82: 541 - 553." type="journal article" year="2002">Lindner and Migotto 2002</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457238802439BB90A6A1CFD80" author="Shimabukuro V" box="[1156,1342,586,605]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref51932" refString="Shimabukuro V (2007) As associacoes epizoicas de Hydrozoa (Cnidaria: Leptothecata, Anthoathecata e Limnomedusae): I) Estudo faunistico de hidrozoarios epizoicos e seus organismos associados; II) Dinamica de comunidades bentonicas em substratos artificiais. Master's Dissertation, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 275 pp, available online at: https: // teses. usp. br / teses / disponiveis / 41 / 41133 / tde- 29082007 - 145731 / pt-br. php [Accessed: 02 / 05 / 2019]" type="book" year="2007">Shimabukuro 2007</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572388024259B90A6CC3FDA6" author="Oliveira OMP &amp; Marques AC" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="786 - 795" refId="ref51238" refString="Oliveira OMP, Marques AC (2011) Global and local patterns in the use of macrophytes as substrata by hydroids (Hydrozoa: Anthoathecata and Leptothecata). Marine Biology Research 7: 786 - 795. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000.2011.57864 7" type="journal article" year="2011">Oliveira and Marques 2011</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45723880244F3B9286A28FDA6" author="Silveira FL &amp; Morandini AC" box="[1004,1290,616,635]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref52113" refString="Silveira FL, Morandini AC (2011) Checklist dos Cnidaria do Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil. Biota Neotropica 11: 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / s 1676 - 06032011000500016" type="journal article" year="2011">Silveira and Morandini 2011</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457238802420BB9286C5AFD44" author="Fernandez MO &amp; Navarrete SA &amp; Marques AC" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="144 - 152" refId="ref48130" refString="Fernandez MO, Navarrete SA, Marques AC (2014) Temporal variation in richness and composition of recruits in a diverse cnidarian assemblage of subtropical Brazil. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 460: 144 - 152." type="journal article" year="2014">Fernandez et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457238802449FB9C66C91FD44" author="Fernandez MO &amp; Navarrete SA &amp; Marques AC" box="[896,947,646,665]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="492 - 503" refId="ref48171" refString="Fernandez MO, Navarrete SA, Marques AC (2015) A comparison of temporal turnover of species from benthic cnidarian assemblages in tropical and subtropical harbours. Marine Biology Research 11: 492 - 503. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000.2014.955804" type="journal article" year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45723880244A5B9C66B55FD44" author="Miranda TP &amp; Genzano GN &amp; Marques AC" box="[954,1143,646,665]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="484 - 506" refId="ref50491" refString="Miranda TP, Genzano GN, Marques AC (2015) Areas of endemism in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean based on the distribution of benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zootaxa 4033: 484 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4033.4.2" type="journal article" year="2015">Miranda et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F7572388024398B9C66BEBFD44" box="[1159,1225,646,665]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Paraná</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45723880243CBB9C66AB0FD44" author="Miranda TP &amp; Genzano GN &amp; Marques AC" box="[1236,1426,646,665]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="484 - 506" refId="ref50491" refString="Miranda TP, Genzano GN, Marques AC (2015) Areas of endemism in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean based on the distribution of benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zootaxa 4033: 484 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4033.4.2" type="journal article" year="2015">Miranda et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572388024438B9E36CD7FD6A" author="Cangussu LC &amp; Altvater L &amp; Haddad MA &amp; Cabral AC &amp; Heyse HL &amp; Rocha RM" box="[807,1013,675,695]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="219 - 231" refId="ref47720" refString="Cangussu LC, Altvater L, Haddad MA, Cabral AC, Heyse HL, Rocha RM (2010) Substrate type as a selective tool against colonization by non-native sessile invertebrates. Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 58: 219 - 231. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1679 - 87592010000300005" type="journal article" year="2010">Cangussu et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
), and
<collectingRegion id="324637F757238802432FB9E46BE3FD6A" box="[1072,1217,676,695]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45723880243D2B9E46AADFD6A" author="Miranda TP &amp; Genzano GN &amp; Marques AC" box="[1229,1423,676,695]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="484 - 506" refId="ref50491" refString="Miranda TP, Genzano GN, Marques AC (2015) Areas of endemism in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean based on the distribution of benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zootaxa 4033: 484 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4033.4.2" type="journal article" year="2015">Miranda et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
, Denise M. Menon unpub. data). World distribution considered circumglobal in tropical and subtropical regions (
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457238802423AB9A06C98FCCC" author="Medel MD &amp; Vervoort W" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref49925" refString="Medel MD, Vervoort W (2000) Atlantic Haleciidae and Campanulariidae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) collected during the CANCAP and Mauritania-II expeditions of the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, The Netherlands. Zoologische Verhandelingen 330: 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="2000">Medel and Vervoort 2000</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF91557238802447AB85B6B93FC7B" blockId="21.[807,1430,198,934]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Remarks: The PCS material was colonizing algae, Bryozoa, and the hydroid
<taxonomicName id="378282965723880244CCB8796BB2FC91" baseAuthorityName="Lamouroux" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[979,1168,825,844]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Amphisbetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="distans">
<emphasis id="C2F625075723880244CCB8796BB2FC91" box="[979,1168,825,844]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Amphisbetia distans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Estuarine material found on Bryozoa,
<taxonomicName id="378282965723880244B1B8176B39FCB6" box="[942,1051,855,875]" class="Polychaeta" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="class">Polychaeta</taxonomicName>
tubes, Ascidiacea, and the hydroids
<taxonomicName id="37828296572388024436B8356CC8FC55" baseAuthorityName="Allman" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[809,1002,885,904]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="muscus">
<emphasis id="C2F62507572388024436B8356CC8FC55" box="[809,1002,885,904]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Bougainvillia muscus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="378282965723880244EAB8356B9FFC55" baseAuthorityName="Van Beneden" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[1013,1213,885,904]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Ectopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dumortierii">
<emphasis id="C2F625075723880244EAB8356B9FFC55" box="[1013,1213,885,904]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Ectopleura dumortierii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="378282965723880243D7B8356AADFC55" authorityName="Watson" authorityYear="1985" box="[1224,1423,885,904]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="merulum">
<emphasis id="C2F625075723880243D7B8356AADFC55" box="[1224,1423,885,904]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Eudendrium merulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="37828296572388024436B8D36CF3FC7B" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1914" box="[809,977,915,934]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="oxydentata">
<emphasis id="C2F62507572388024436B8D36CF3FC7B" box="[809,977,915,934]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Obelia oxydentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="37828296572388024316B8D36B89FC7B" authorityName="Goldfuss" authorityYear="1820" box="[1033,1195,915,934]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pennariidae" genus="Pennaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="disticha">
<emphasis id="C2F62507572388024316B8D36B89FC7B" box="[1033,1195,915,934]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Pennaria disticha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF91557238802448CB88C6BACFBD7" blockId="21.[915,1323,972,1034]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="3782829657238802448CB88C6A09FC3A" authority="(Perkins, 1908)" baseAuthorityName="Perkins" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[915,1323,972,999]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrotheca">
<emphasis id="C2F6250757238802448CB88C6B4BFC3A" box="[915,1129,972,999]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Clytia macrotheca</emphasis>
(Perkins, 1908)
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="68B9E59057238802432FB8B66BACFBD7" box="[1072,1166,1014,1034]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="19.[151,209,1698,1718]" captionTargetBox="[152,1428,197,1686]" captionTargetId="figure-75@19.[152,1428,197,1686]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 9. (A) Clytia brevithecata: general view of a polyp; (B) Clytia linearis: general view of a colony; (C, H) Clytia macrotheca: general view of a polyp; (H) detail of the hydrotheca margin; (F-G) Clytia noliformis: (F) detail of two gonothecae; (G) general view of a polyp; (D, E, I) Clytia paulensis: (D) general view of a polyp; (E) detail of two gonothecae; (I) detail of the hydrotheca margin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176505" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176505/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 9C, H</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915572388024436BF6D6B89FB9C" blockId="21.[809,1402,1069,1115]" box="[809,1195,1069,1089]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Synonyms available from:
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457238802433FBF6D6B85FB9C" author="Calder DR" box="[1056,1191,1069,1089]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 140" refId="ref47276" refString="Calder DR (1991) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Thecatae, exclusive of Plumularioidea. Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum 154: 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1991">Calder (1991)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B898AA9E572388024436BF076A58FB86" box="[809,1402,1094,1115]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F03DF915572388024436BF076A58FB86" blockId="21.[809,1402,1069,1115]" box="[809,1402,1094,1115]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="37828296572388024436BF076BF0FB86" ID-CoL="698CV" authority="Perkins, 1908: 146" authorityName="Perkins" authorityPageNumber="146" authorityYear="1908" box="[809,1234,1094,1115]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Campanularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrotheca">
<emphasis id="C2F62507572388024436BF076B3BFB87" box="[809,1049,1094,1115]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Campanularia macrotheca</emphasis>
Perkins, 1908: 146
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 3, fig. 12, 13.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B898AA9E57238802447ABF2D6BA1F9D8" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph id="F03DF91557238802447ABF2D6AB6FACB" blockId="21.[807,1429,1132,1541]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Description: Colonies stolonal, up to
<quantity id="377A54F05723880243D3BF2D6A35FB5D" box="[1228,1303,1133,1152]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
high, arising from a creeping hydrorhiza. Pedicels with thin and smooth perisarc, with annulations at the base and distal end. Hydrothecae cylindrical, elongated, 403-460µm high, 205-391µm wide at the margin.Margin smooth, perisarc thin, with 8 square-shaped cusps, separated by U-shaped embayments. Diaphragm thin and straight.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF91557238802447ABE606BC6FA8C" blockId="21.[807,1429,1132,1541]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Material examined: PCS three infertile colonies from the rainy season. CZUFS CNI-00004; CNI-00289.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF91557238802447ABE1C6CDAFAB2" blockId="21.[807,1429,1132,1541]" box="[869,1016,1372,1391]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Stations: 5, 12.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF91557238802447ABE3A6CD3FA50" blockId="21.[807,1429,1132,1541]" box="[869,1009,1402,1421]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Bottom: sand.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF91557238802447ABED76C4AFA3B" blockId="21.[807,1429,1132,1541]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Distribution:
<collectingCountry id="8895B9855723880244EDBED76B09FA77" box="[1010,1067,1431,1450]" name="Brazil" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Brazil</collectingCountry>
<collectingRegion id="324637F7572388024356BED76BA0FA77" box="[1097,1154,1431,1450]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Bahia</collectingRegion>
(Kelmo and Attrill 2003). World distribution Atlantic North and Caribbean Sea (Calder 2019).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF91557238802447ABEB16BA1F9D8" blockId="21.[807,1429,1132,1541]" box="[869,1155,1521,1541]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Remarks: Found on Bryozoa.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B898AA9E572388024436BD6A6B89F94C" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F03DF915572388024436BD6A6BA8F9B5" blockId="21.[809,1429,1578,1640]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="37828296572388024436BD6A6AB7F998" ID-CoL="5ZFBL" authority="(McCrady, 1859) sensu Calder, 1991" authorityName="sensu Calder" authorityYear="1991" baseAuthorityName="McCrady" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[809,1429,1578,1605]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="noliformis">
<emphasis id="C2F62507572388024436BD6A6CFCF998" box="[809,990,1578,1605]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Clytia noliformis</emphasis>
(McCrady, 1859)
<emphasis id="C2F625075723880243A9BD6A6BD7F998" box="[1206,1269,1578,1605]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45723880243E3BD6A6AB7F998" author="Calder DR" box="[1276,1429,1578,1605]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 140" refId="ref47276" refString="Calder DR (1991) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Thecatae, exclusive of Plumularioidea. Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum 154: 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1991">Calder, 1991</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="68B9E59057238802432BBD146B45F9B5" box="[1076,1127,1620,1640]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="19.[151,209,1698,1718]" captionTargetBox="[152,1428,197,1686]" captionTargetId="figure-75@19.[152,1428,197,1686]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 9. (A) Clytia brevithecata: general view of a polyp; (B) Clytia linearis: general view of a colony; (C, H) Clytia macrotheca: general view of a polyp; (H) detail of the hydrotheca margin; (F-G) Clytia noliformis: (F) detail of two gonothecae; (G) general view of a polyp; (D, E, I) Clytia paulensis: (D) general view of a polyp; (E) detail of two gonothecae; (I) detail of the hydrotheca margin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176505" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176505/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
F-G
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915572388024436BD3D6B89F94C" blockId="21.[809,1430,1661,1783]" box="[809,1195,1661,1681]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Synonyms available from:
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457238802433FBD3D6B85F94C" author="Calder DR" box="[1056,1191,1661,1681]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 140" refId="ref47276" refString="Calder DR (1991) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Thecatae, exclusive of Plumularioidea. Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum 154: 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1991">Calder (1991)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B898AA9E572388024436BDD66AB4F919" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph id="F03DF915572388024436BDD66AB4F919" blockId="21.[809,1430,1661,1783]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
not
<taxonomicName id="3782829657238802444FBDD66BDEF977" authority="McCrady, 1859: 194" authorityName="McCrady" authorityPageNumber="194" authorityYear="1859" box="[848,1276,1686,1706]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Campanularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="noliformis">
<emphasis id="C2F6250757238802444FBDD66B0FF977" box="[848,1069,1686,1706]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Campanularia noliformis</emphasis>
McCrady, 1859: 194
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 11, fig. 4 [=?
<taxonomicName id="3782829657238802444EBDF06B91F919" authority="(Linnaeus, 1767)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[849,1203,1711,1732]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hemisphaerica">
<emphasis id="C2F6250757238802444EBDF06B2EF91E" box="[849,1036,1711,1732]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Clytia hemisphaerica</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1767)
</taxonomicName>
] [medusa and hydroid].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B898AA9E572388014436BD896D71FF07" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F03DF915572388024436BD896AB4F900" blockId="21.[809,1430,1661,1783]" box="[809,1430,1737,1757]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="37828296572388024436BD896B85F900" authority="Allman, 1888" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1888" box="[809,1191,1737,1757]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Campanularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ptychocyathus">
<emphasis id="C2F62507572388024436BD896B04F900" box="[809,1062,1737,1757]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Campanularia ptychocyathus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572388024335BD896B85F900" author="Allman GJ" box="[1066,1191,1737,1757]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 90" refId="ref46450" refString="Allman GJ (1888) Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger. Report on the Hydroida dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part II - The Tubularinae, Corymorphinae, Campanularinae, Sertularinae and Thalamophora. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the Years 1873 - 76. Zoology 23: 1 - 90." type="journal article" year="1888">Allman, 1888</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45723880243A7BD896A6BF900" author="Vannucci M" box="[1208,1353,1737,1757]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="105 - 124" refId="ref52483" refString="Vannucci M (1951 a) Distribuicao dos Hydrozoa ate agora conhecidos nas costas do Brasil. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 2: 105 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0100 - 42391951000100004" type="journal article" year="1951">Vannucci 1951a</bibRefCitation>
[polyp].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915572388024436BDA36AB6F92A" blockId="21.[809,1430,1661,1783]" box="[809,1428,1762,1783]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="37828296572388024436BDA36C88F92B" ID-CoL="5ZFQ3" baseAuthorityName="McCrady" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[809,938,1762,1783]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="folleata">
<emphasis id="C2F62507572388024436BDA36C88F92B" box="[809,938,1762,1783]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Clytia folleata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45723880244A0BDA36B8BF92A" author="Vannucci Mendes M" box="[959,1193,1763,1783]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="535 - 598" refId="ref52653" refString="Vannucci Mendes M (1946) Hydroida Thecaphora do Brasil. Arquivos de Zoologia do Estado de Sao Paulo 4: 535 - 598." type="journal article" year="1946">Vannucci Mendes 1946</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45723880243DDBDA36A7FF92A" author="Vannucci M" box="[1218,1373,1763,1783]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="105 - 124" refId="ref52483" refString="Vannucci M (1951 a) Distribuicao dos Hydrozoa ate agora conhecidos nas costas do Brasil. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 2: 105 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0100 - 42391951000100004" type="journal article" year="1951">Vannucci 1951a</bibRefCitation>
[non
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF9155720880147A2BB856D71FF07" blockId="22.[159,636,197,294]" box="[189,595,197,218]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="378282965720880147A2BB856EDFFF07" ID-CoL="6FNZG" authority="McCrady, 1859" authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1859" box="[189,509,197,218]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Epenthesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="folleata">
<emphasis id="C2F625075720880147A2BB856E41FF04" box="[189,355,197,217]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Epenthesis folleata</emphasis>
McCrady, 1859
</taxonomicName>
] [polyp].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B898AA9E572088014780BB9F6D6CFED0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
<paragraph id="F03DF915572088014780BB9F6D6CFF2E" blockId="22.[159,636,197,294]" box="[159,590,223,243]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="37828296572088014780BB9F6E7EFF2E" baseAuthorityName="McCrady" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[159,348,223,243]" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Phyalidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="folleatum">
<emphasis id="C2F62507572088014780BB9F6E7EFF2E" box="[159,348,223,243]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Phyalidium folleatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Correia 1983 [medusa].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915572088014780BBB96D6CFED0" blockId="22.[159,636,197,294]" box="[159,590,248,269]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="37828296572088014780BBB96E7EFED1" baseAuthorityName="McCrady" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[159,348,248,269]" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Phyalidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="noliforme">
<emphasis id="C2F62507572088014780BBB96E7EFED1" box="[159,348,248,269]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Phyalidium noliforme</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Correia 1983 [medusa].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B898AA9E572088014780BA526D5EFEFB" box="[159,636,274,294]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F03DF915572088014780BA526D5EFEFB" blockId="22.[159,636,197,294]" box="[159,636,274,294]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D092DE3B572088014780BA526D5EFEFB" box="[159,636,274,294]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="37828296572088014780BA526E0DFEFB" ID-CoL="5ZFBL" authorityName="sensu Calder" authorityYear="1991" baseAuthorityName="McCrady" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[159,303,274,294]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="noliformis">
<emphasis id="C2F62507572088014780BA526E0DFEFB" box="[159,303,274,294]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Clytia noliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
auct.
<treatmentCitation id="7123DF04572088014675BA526D0DFEFB" author="Calder DR" box="[362,559,274,294]" page="65" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1991">
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572088014675BA526D0DFEFB" author="Calder DR" box="[362,559,274,294]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 140" refId="ref47276" refString="Calder DR (1991) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Thecatae, exclusive of Plumularioidea. Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum 154: 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1991">Calder, 1991: 6568</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 36.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B898AA9E5720880147C4BA786FCDFBAF" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
<paragraph id="F03DF9155720880147C4BA786D7CFD85" blockId="22.[157,779,312,1138]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Description: Colonies stolonal, up to
<quantity id="377A54F057208801455DBA786DAFFE91" box="[578,653,312,332]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
high, arising from a creeping hydrorhiza. Pedicel with perisarc moderately thick and waved along its length or annulated in both ends. Hydrothecae cylindrical,
<quantity id="377A54F05720880146BCBAD26D11FE78" box="[419,563,402,421]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.85" metricValueMax="4.6" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.385" valueMax="0.46" valueMin="0.31">0.31-0.46 mm</quantity>
high,
<quantity id="377A54F0572088014564BAD26C28FE78" box="[635,778,402,421]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.29" valueMax="0.31" valueMin="0.27">0.27-0.31 mm</quantity>
wide at the margin, cup-shaped, and slightly deep. Margin thin, perisarc moderately thick. Margin with 1012 short, triangular to round cusps, separated by U-shaped embayments. Diaphragm thick and straight. Gonothecae pot-shaped,
<quantity id="377A54F0572088014557B9496DF2FDC0" box="[584,720,521,541]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" metricValueMax="6.4" metricValueMin="5.2" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.58" valueMax="0.64" valueMin="0.52">0.52-0.64 mm</quantity>
high,
<quantity id="377A54F0572088014782B9676E04FDE6" box="[157,294,551,571]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="4.699999999999999" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.425" valueMax="0.47" valueMin="0.38">0.38-0.47 mm</quantity>
wide, with a constriction in the distal end, arising from a creeping hydrorhiza in short pedicels.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF9155720880147C4B9236EF7FD6F" blockId="22.[157,779,312,1138]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Material examined: PCS abundant colonies with and without gonothecae from dry and rainy seasons. CZUFS CNI-00005; CNI-00117; CNI-00118.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF9155720880147C4B9FC6D9BFD0D" blockId="22.[157,779,312,1138]" box="[219,697,700,720]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Stations: PCS 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 18.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF9155720880147C4B99B6D37FD30" blockId="22.[157,779,312,1138]" box="[219,533,730,750]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Bottom: gravel, sand, and mud.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF9155720880147C4B9B86EDCFBC5" blockId="22.[157,779,312,1138]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Distribuition:
<collectingCountry id="8895B98557208801466FB9B86E8BFCD6" box="[368,425,760,779]" name="Brazil" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Brazil</collectingCountry>
<collectingRegion id="324637F75720880146D7B9B86D23FCD6" box="[456,513,760,779]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Bahia</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457208801450DB9B86DBFFCD6" author="Allman GJ" box="[530,669,760,779]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 90" refId="ref46450" refString="Allman GJ (1888) Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger. Report on the Hydroida dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part II - The Tubularinae, Corymorphinae, Campanularinae, Sertularinae and Thalamophora. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the Years 1873 - 76. Zoology 23: 1 - 90." type="journal article" year="1888">Allman 1888</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45720880145B4B9B86FFEFCF4" author="Vannucci M" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="105 - 124" refId="ref52483" refString="Vannucci M (1951 a) Distribuicao dos Hydrozoa ate agora conhecidos nas costas do Brasil. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 2: 105 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0100 - 42391951000100004" type="journal article" year="1951">Vannucci 1951a</bibRefCitation>
, Kelmo and Attrill 2003,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45720880146CDB8566D8DFCF4" author="Grohmann PA &amp; Nogueira CC &amp; Silva VMAP" box="[466,687,790,810]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref48696" refString="Grohmann PA, Nogueira CC, Silva VMAP (2003) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) collected on the continental shelf of Brazil during the Geomar X Oceanographic Operation. Zootaxa 299: 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="2003">Grohmann et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F75720880145A0B8566FF4FC9A" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45720880147FAB8746EE9FC9A" author="Grohmann PA &amp; Nogueira CC &amp; Silva VMAP" box="[229,459,820,839]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref48696" refString="Grohmann PA, Nogueira CC, Silva VMAP (2003) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) collected on the continental shelf of Brazil during the Geomar X Oceanographic Operation. Zootaxa 299: 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="2003">Grohmann et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F75720880146C2B8746D4EFC9A" box="[477,620,820,839]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572088014564B8746FF1FCB8" author="Miranda TP &amp; Genzano GN &amp; Marques AC" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="484 - 506" refId="ref50491" refString="Miranda TP, Genzano GN, Marques AC (2015) Areas of endemism in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean based on the distribution of benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zootaxa 4033: 484 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4033.4.2" type="journal article" year="2015">Miranda et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F75720880147FBB8126E61FCB8" box="[228,323,850,869]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457208801464FB8126ED0FCB8" author="Vannucci M" box="[336,498,850,869]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="105 - 124" refId="ref52483" refString="Vannucci M (1951 a) Distribuicao dos Hydrozoa ate agora conhecidos nas costas do Brasil. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 2: 105 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0100 - 42391951000100004" type="journal article" year="1951">
Vannucci 1951
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45720880146F8B8126ED0FCB8" author="Lindner A &amp; Migotto AE" box="[487,498,850,869]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="541 - 553" refId="ref49400" refString="Lindner A, Migotto AE (2002) The life cycle of Clytia linearis and Clytia noliformis: metagenic campanulariids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) with contrasting polyp and medusa stages. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 82: 541 - 553." type="journal article" year="2002">a</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, Lindner and Migotto 2002,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572088014780B8306E47FC5E" author="Oliveira OMP &amp; Marques AC &amp; Migotto AE" box="[159,357,880,899]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref51287" refString="Oliveira OMP, Marques AC, Migotto AE (2006) Chave de identificacao dos hidroides (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) epifiticos do Canal de Sao Sebastiao (SE, Brasil). Biota Neotropica 6: 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032006000200025" type="journal article" year="2006">Oliveira et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457208801466EB8306DAAFC5E" author="Oliveira OMP &amp; Marques AC" box="[369,648,880,899]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="786 - 795" refId="ref51238" refString="Oliveira OMP, Marques AC (2011) Global and local patterns in the use of macrophytes as substrata by hydroids (Hydrozoa: Anthoathecata and Leptothecata). Marine Biology Research 7: 786 - 795. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000.2011.57864 7" type="journal article" year="2011">Oliveira and Marques 2011</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457208801458BB8306E66FC7C" author="Silveira FL &amp; Morandini AC" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref52113" refString="Silveira FL, Morandini AC (2011) Checklist dos Cnidaria do Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil. Biota Neotropica 11: 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / s 1676 - 06032011000500016" type="journal article" year="2011">Silveira and Morandini 2011</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F7572088014649B8CE6EBBFC7C" box="[342,409,910,929]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Paraná</collectingRegion>
(Maria A. Haddad unpub. data), and
<collectingRegion id="324637F75720880147BFB8EC6E10FC63" box="[160,306,939,959]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572088014620B8EB6D2AFC63" author="Miranda TP &amp; Genzano GN &amp; Marques AC" box="[319,520,939,959]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="484 - 506" refId="ref50491" refString="Miranda TP, Genzano GN, Marques AC (2015) Areas of endemism in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean based on the distribution of benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zootaxa 4033: 484 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4033.4.2" type="journal article" year="2015">Miranda et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
). World distribution circumglobal, with records from warm waters from the eastern Atlantic, including the Mediterranean Sea, Indian Ocean, and eastern Pacific (
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572088014626BF456E96FBC5" author="Calder DR" box="[313,436,1029,1048]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 140" refId="ref47276" refString="Calder DR (1991) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Thecatae, exclusive of Plumularioidea. Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum 154: 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1991">Calder 1991</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45720880146A1BF456ED0FBC5" author="Calder DR" box="[446,498,1029,1048]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref47359" refString="Calder DR (2013) Some shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the central east coast of Florida, USA. Zootaxa 3648: 001 - 072. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3648.1.1" type="journal volume" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF9155720880147C4BF636FCDFBAF" blockId="22.[157,779,312,1138]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Remarks: Colonizing algae,
<taxonomicName id="378282965720880146E5BF626D45FBEB" box="[506,615,1058,1078]" class="Polychaeta" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="class">Polychaeta</taxonomicName>
tubes, Bryozoa, Brachyura (Majoidea), and the hydroid
<taxonomicName id="37828296572088014520BF016FCBFBAF" baseAuthorityName="Allman" baseAuthorityYear="1888" class="Hydrozoa" family="Thyroscyphidae" genus="Sertularelloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cylindritheca">
<emphasis id="C2F62507572088014520BF016FCBFBAF" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Sertularelloides cylindritheca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B898AA9E57208801461ABFD86DB9FAC9" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F03DF91557208801461ABFD86D29FB0F" blockId="22.[261,677,1176,1234]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="3782829657208801461ABFD86D87FB6E" ID-CoL="5ZFCY" authority="(Vanhoffen, 1910)" baseAuthorityName="Vanhoffen" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[261,677,1176,1203]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="paulensis">
<emphasis id="C2F6250757208801461ABFD86E99FB6E" box="[261,443,1176,1203]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Clytia paulensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45720880146D5BFD86DBCFB6E" author="Vanhoffen E" box="[458,670,1176,1203]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="269 - 340" refId="ref52358" refString="Vanhoffen E (1910) Die Hydroiden der Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. Deutsche Sudpolar Expedition. 2 (4): 269 - 340. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 6727747 [Accessed: 15 / 01 / 2022]" type="journal article" year="1910">Vanhöffen, 1910</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="68B9E590572088014681BFFE6D29FB0F" box="[414,523,1214,1234]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="19.[151,209,1698,1718]" captionTargetBox="[152,1428,197,1686]" captionTargetId="figure-75@19.[152,1428,197,1686]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 9. (A) Clytia brevithecata: general view of a polyp; (B) Clytia linearis: general view of a colony; (C, H) Clytia macrotheca: general view of a polyp; (H) detail of the hydrotheca margin; (F-G) Clytia noliformis: (F) detail of two gonothecae; (G) general view of a polyp; (D, E, I) Clytia paulensis: (D) general view of a polyp; (E) detail of two gonothecae; (I) detail of the hydrotheca margin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176505" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176505/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 9D, E, I</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915572088014780BFA66D6BFB27" blockId="22.[159,667,1254,1300]" box="[159,585,1254,1274]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Synonyms available from:
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572088014689BFA66D67FB27" author="Cornelius PFS" box="[406,581,1254,1274]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 85153" refId="ref47965" refString="Cornelius PFS (1995 b) North-west European thecate hydroids and their medusae. Part 2. Sertulariidae to Campanulariidae. Synopses of the British Fauna, new series 50. Field Studies Council, Shrewsbury, ISBN 1 - 85153 - 255 - 2, 416 pp." type="book chapter" year="1995">Cornelius (1995b)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915572088014780BE406DB9FAC9" blockId="22.[159,667,1254,1300]" box="[159,667,1279,1300]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D092DE3B572088014780BE406DB9FAC9" box="[159,667,1279,1300]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<treatmentCitation id="7123DF04572088014780BE406D6CFAC9" author="Vanhoffen E" box="[159,590,1279,1300]" page="298" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1910">
<taxonomicName id="37828296572088014780BE406D6CFAC9" ID-CoL="5X8DQ" authority="Vanhoffen, 1910: 298" authorityName="Vanhoffen" authorityPageNumber="298" authorityYear="1910" box="[159,590,1279,1300]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Campanularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="paulensis">
<emphasis id="C2F62507572088014780BE406E55FACE" box="[159,375,1279,1300]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Campanularia paulensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572088014662BE406D6CFAC9" author="Vanhoffen E" box="[381,590,1280,1300]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="269 - 340" refId="ref52358" refString="Vanhoffen E (1910) Die Hydroiden der Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. Deutsche Sudpolar Expedition. 2 (4): 269 - 340. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 6727747 [Accessed: 15 / 01 / 2022]" type="journal article" year="1910">Vanhöffen, 1910: 298</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
; fig. 19.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B898AA9E5720880147C4BE666CF5FE15" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
<paragraph id="F03DF9155720880147C4BE666D93F9F5" blockId="22.[157,780,1317,1785]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Description: Colonies stolonal, up to
<quantity id="377A54F057208801455DBE666DAFFAE4" box="[578,653,1318,1337]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
high, arising from a creeping hydrorhiza. Pedicels with a thin and smooth perisarc, annulated in both ends or, less frequently, with
<quantity id="377A54F05720880145B6BE226DC4FAA9" box="[681,742,1377,1397]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" metricValueMax="5.08" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="in" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">12 in</quantity>
the median portion. Hydrothecae cylindrical,
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high,
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wide at the margin. Margin with thin perisarc, apparently with 67 bicuspidate cusps, separated by U-shaped embayments. Diaphragm thin and slightly oblique. Gonothecae urn-shaped,
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high,
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wide, arising from the hydrorhiza in short and annulated pedicels.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF9155720880147C4BD736DCAF942" blockId="22.[157,780,1317,1785]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Material examined: PCS few colonies with and without gonothecae from the rainy season; VB few infertile colonies from the dry and rainy seasons; SE two infertile colonies from the dry season. CZUFS CNI-00051; CNI-00120; CNI-00122.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF9155720880147C4BDEA6D65F906" blockId="22.[157,780,1317,1785]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Station: PCS 1, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17; VB C1P34, C1P56, C2P12, C2P34; SE C1P12, C1P56.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF9155720880147C4BDA66D37F924" blockId="22.[157,780,1317,1785]" box="[219,533,1765,1785]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Bottom: gravel, sand, and mud.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915572088014472BB866B1AFE8C" blockId="22.[815,1437,198,456]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Distribution:
<collectingCountry id="8895B9855720880144E5BB866B11FF04" box="[1018,1075,198,217]" name="Brazil" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Brazil</collectingCountry>
<collectingRegion id="324637F757208801434EBB866BF2FF04" box="[1105,1232,198,217]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Pernambuco</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45720880143FEBB866C46FF2A" author="Calder DR &amp; Mayal EM" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="69 - 78" refId="ref47689" refString="Calder DR, Mayal EM (1998) Dry season distribution of hydroids in a small tropical estuary, Pernambuco, Brazil. Zoologische Verhandelingen 323: 69 - 78." type="journal article" year="1998">Calder and Maÿal 1998</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F757208801446BBBA36CE2FF2A" box="[884,960,227,247]" country="Brazil" name="Alagoas" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Alagoas</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45720880144D5BBA46BABFF2A" author="Shimabukuro V" box="[970,1161,228,247]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref51932" refString="Shimabukuro V (2007) As associacoes epizoicas de Hydrozoa (Cnidaria: Leptothecata, Anthoathecata e Limnomedusae): I) Estudo faunistico de hidrozoarios epizoicos e seus organismos associados; II) Dinamica de comunidades bentonicas em substratos artificiais. Master's Dissertation, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 275 pp, available online at: https: // teses. usp. br / teses / disponiveis / 41 / 41133 / tde- 29082007 - 145731 / pt-br. php [Accessed: 02 / 05 / 2019]" type="book" year="2007">Shimabukuro 2007</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F7572088014386BBA46A03FF2A" box="[1177,1313,228,247]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572088014232BBA46CBBFEC8" author="Grohmann PA &amp; Souza MM &amp; Nogueira CC" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="227 - 232" refId="ref48824" refString="Grohmann PA, Souza MM, Nogueira CC (1997) Hydroids from the vicinity of a large industrial area in Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil. Proceedings of the 6 th International Conference on Coelenterate Biology 1995: 227 - 232." type="journal article" year="1997">Grohmann et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
), and
<collectingRegion id="324637F75720880144CABA426B42FEC8" box="[981,1120,258,277]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572088014372BA426A6FFEC8" author="Grohmann PA &amp; Nogueira CC &amp; Silva VMAP" box="[1133,1357,258,277]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref48734" refString="Grohmann PA, Nogueira CC, Silva VMAP (2011) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) collected on the inner continental shelf of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, during the Oceanographic Operations GEOCOSTA RIO I and II. Biota Neotropica 11: bn 03711022011." type="journal volume" year="2011">Grohmann et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
). World distribution widely distributed in warm tropical and temperate waters (
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572088014465BA7D6B0CFE8C" author="Calder DR &amp; Carlton JT &amp; Larson K &amp; Mallinson JJ &amp; Choong HHC &amp; Keith I &amp; Ruiz GM" box="[890,1070,317,337]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="21 - 58" refId="ref47537" refString="Calder DR, Carlton JT, Larson K, Mallinson JJ, Choong HHC, Keith I, Ruiz GM (2019) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from marine fouling assemblages in the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. Aquatic Invasions 14: 21 - 58." type="journal article" year="2019">Calder et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915572088014472BA1B6CF5FE15" blockId="22.[815,1437,198,456]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Remarks: The PCS material was found on algae and Bryozoa. The estuarine material was found on the plates as well as on Ascidiacea, and the hydroids
<taxonomicName id="37828296572088014366BAD76A52FE77" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[1145,1392,407,426]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Corydendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parasiticum">
<emphasis id="C2F62507572088014366BAD76A52FE77" box="[1145,1392,407,426]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Corydendrium parasiticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="3782829657208801442EBAF66CF0FE15" authorityName="Goldfuss" authorityYear="1820" box="[817,978,437,456]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pennariidae" genus="Pennaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="disticha">
<emphasis id="C2F6250757208801442EBAF66CF0FE15" box="[817,978,437,456]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Pennaria disticha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
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<taxonomicName id="378282965727880647ECB8596D85FCE9" ID-CoL="5ZFQ2" authority="Stechow, 1914" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1914" box="[243,679,793,820]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elsaeoswaldae">
<emphasis id="C2F625075727880647ECB8596EC4FCE9" box="[243,486,793,820]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Clytia elsaeoswaldae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45727880646F0B8596D85FCE9" author="Stechow E" box="[495,679,793,820]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="120 - 136" refId="ref52280" refString="Stechow E (1914) Zur Kenntnis neuer oder seltener Hydroidpolypen, meist Campanulariden, aus Amerika und Norwegen. Zoologischer Anzeiger 45: 120 - 136. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 30140281 [Accessed: 15 / 01 / 2022]" type="journal article" year="1914">Stechow, 1914</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B898AA9E5727880646B3B8026ECCFC8B" box="[428,494,834,854]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
<paragraph id="F03DF9155727880646B3B8026ECCFC8B" blockId="17.[151,773,834,990]" box="[428,494,834,854]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<figureCitation id="68B9E5905727880646B3B8026ECCFC8B" box="[428,494,834,854]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="18.[159,217,1700,1720]" captionTargetBox="[255,1341,197,1686]" captionTargetId="figure-76@18.[255,1341,197,1686]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 8. (A) Campanularia sp. 1: general view of a polyp; (B) Clytia hemisphaerica: general view of polyps and two gonothecae (red arrows); (C) Clytia elsaeoswaldae: general view of two polyps and a gonotheca (red arrows); (D, G) Campanularia sp. 2: (D) general view of a polyp; (G) detail of the hydrotheca; (E-F) Clytia gracilis: (E) general view of two polyps and two gonothecae (red arrows); (F) general view of a polyp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176501/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B898AA9E572788064788B8246D3DFC19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F03DF915572788064788B8246D04FC4C" blockId="17.[151,773,834,990]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D092DE3B572788064788B8246D04FC4C" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<treatmentCitation id="7123DF04572788064788B8246D18FCA5" author="Stechow E" box="[151,570,867,888]" page="125" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1914">
<taxonomicName id="37828296572788064788B8246D18FCA5" authority="Stechow, 1914: 125" authorityName="Stechow" authorityPageNumber="125" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,570,867,888]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elseae-oswaldae">
<emphasis id="C2F62507572788064788B8246E44FCAA" box="[151,358,867,888]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Clytia elseae-oswaldae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457278806466EB8246D18FCA5" author="Stechow E" box="[369,570,868,888]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="120 - 136" refId="ref52280" refString="Stechow E (1914) Zur Kenntnis neuer oder seltener Hydroidpolypen, meist Campanulariden, aus Amerika und Norwegen. Zoologischer Anzeiger 45: 120 - 136. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 30140281 [Accessed: 15 / 01 / 2022]" type="journal article" year="1914">Stechow, 1914: 125</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457278806454DB8246FCBFC4C" author="Vannucci Mendes M" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="535 - 598" refId="ref52653" refString="Vannucci Mendes M (1946) Hydroida Thecaphora do Brasil. Arquivos de Zoologia do Estado de Sao Paulo 4: 535 - 598." type="journal article" year="1946">Vannucci Mendes, 1946</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45727880647E2B83D6EBCFC4C" author="Vannucci M" box="[253,414,893,913]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="105 - 124" refId="ref52483" refString="Vannucci M (1951 a) Distribuicao dos Hydrozoa ate agora conhecidos nas costas do Brasil. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 2: 105 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0100 - 42391951000100004" type="journal article" year="1951">Vannucci, 1951a</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45727880646B9B83D6EC6FC4C" author="Vannucci M" box="[422,484,893,913]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="6 - 99" refId="ref52523" refString="Vannucci M (1951 b) Hydrozoa e Scyphozoa existentes no Instituto Paulista de Oceanografia. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 2: 6 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0100 - 42391951000100003" type="journal article" year="1951">1951b</bibRefCitation>
[part].
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915572788064788B8D76C23FC76" blockId="17.[151,773,834,990]" box="[151,769,918,939]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D092DE3B572788064788B8D76C23FC76" box="[151,769,918,939]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="37828296572788064788B8D76E70FC77" ID-CoL="5ZFB2" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[151,338,918,939]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hemisphaerica">
<emphasis id="C2F62507572788064788B8D76E70FC77" box="[151,338,918,939]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Clytia hemisphaerica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="7123DF0457278806467CB8D76D1AFC76" author="Migotto AE" box="[355,568,919,939]" page="82" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1996">
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457278806467CB8D76D1AFC76" author="Migotto AE" box="[355,568,919,939]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref50248" refString="Migotto AE (1996) Benthic shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the coast of Sao Sebastiao, Brazil, including a checklist of Brazilian hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen 306: 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1996">Migotto, 1996: 8284</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457278806455EB8D76DDCFC76" author="Oliveira OMP &amp; Miranda TP &amp; Araujo EM &amp; Ayon P &amp; Cedeno-Posso CM &amp; Cepeda-Mercado AA" box="[577,766,919,939]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref51341" refString="Oliveira OMP, Miranda TP, Araujo EM, Ayon P, Cedeno-Posso CM, Cepeda-Mercado AA, et al. (2016) Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters. Zootaxa 4194: 001 - 256." type="journal volume" year="2016">Oliveira et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915572788064788B8F06D3DFC19" blockId="17.[151,773,834,990]" box="[151,543,944,964]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="37828296572788064788B8F06E09FC19" ID-CoL="5ZFPZ" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[151,299,944,964]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="C2F62507572788064788B8F06FE8FC19" box="[151,202,944,964]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Clytia</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="C2F625075727880647F2B8F06E09FC19" box="[237,299,944,964]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 2 Lindner, 2000: 46.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B898AA9E572788064788B88A6B47FE76" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
<paragraph id="F03DF915572788064788B88A6DA3FC03" blockId="17.[151,773,834,990]" box="[151,641,969,990]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="37828296572788064788B88A6E78FC00" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,346,969,990]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elseaeoswaldae">
<emphasis id="C2F62507572788064788B88A6E78FC00" box="[151,346,969,990]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Clytia elseaeoswaldae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572788064675B88A6D05FC03" author="Lindner A &amp; Govindarajan AF &amp; Migotto AE" box="[362,551,970,990]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="23 - 36" refId="ref49363" refString="Lindner A, Govindarajan AF, Migotto AE (2011) Cryptic species, life cycles, and the phylogeny of Clytia (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Campanulariidae). Zootaxa 2980: 23 - 36." type="journal article" year="2011">Lindner et al., 2011</bibRefCitation>
: figs 23.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF9155727880647CBB8B06ED7FAF0" blockId="17.[150,773,1007,1774]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Description: Colony stolonal, arising from a creeping hydrorhiza. Polyps up to
<quantity id="377A54F05727880646BBBF4E6ED4FBFC" box="[420,502,1038,1057]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="2.4">2.4 mm</quantity>
high, with long pedicels. Perisarc thin and smooth with 67 rings at the basal portion and 310 rings at the distal end. Pedicel covered with diatoms in most of its length. Hydrothecae cylindrical with thin perisarc,
<quantity id="377A54F05727880647DDBFC56E73FB44" box="[194,337,1157,1177]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" metricValueMax="4.699999999999999" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="0.41" valueMax="0.47" valueMin="0.35">0.350.47 mm</quantity>
high and
<quantity id="377A54F05727880646A4BFC56D69FB44" box="[443,587,1157,1177]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="0.31" valueMax="0.35" valueMin="0.27">0.270.35 mm</quantity>
of marginal wide. Diaphragm thin and straight, basal chamber narrow. Margin with 911 long, pointed cusps, straight or slightly curved, with U-shaped embayments between them. Gonothecae pot-shaped arising from the hydrorhiza, with a smooth and thin wall, and a constriction in the distal portion.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF9155727880647CBBE786E76FA5A" blockId="17.[150,773,1007,1774]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Material examined: PCS two colonies with gonothecae, one from dry and the other from rainy season. CZUFS CNI-00104; CNI-00291.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF9155727880647CBBED26E45FA78" blockId="17.[150,773,1007,1774]" box="[212,359,1426,1445]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Stations: 5, 12.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF9155727880647CBBEF06E42FA1E" blockId="17.[150,773,1007,1774]" box="[212,352,1456,1475]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Bottom: sand.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF9155727880647CBBE8E6C91FF2A" blockId="17.[150,773,1007,1774]" lastBlockId="17.[807,1429,198,427]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Distribution:
<collectingCountry id="8895B985572788064640BE8E6EBAFA3C" box="[351,408,1486,1505]" name="Brazil" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Brazil</collectingCountry>
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45727880646AABE8E6DAFFA3C" author="Oliveira OMP &amp; Miranda TP &amp; Araujo EM &amp; Ayon P &amp; Cedeno-Posso CM &amp; Cepeda-Mercado AA" box="[437,653,1486,1505]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref51341" refString="Oliveira OMP, Miranda TP, Araujo EM, Ayon P, Cedeno-Posso CM, Cepeda-Mercado AA, et al. (2016) Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters. Zootaxa 4194: 001 - 256." type="journal volume" year="2016">Oliveira et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
refer
<taxonomicName id="378282965727880645D2BE8E6E20FA23" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1914" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elsaoswaldae">
<emphasis id="C2F625075727880645D2BE8E6DFEFA3C" box="[717,732,1486,1505]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C2F625075727880645F3BE8E6E20FA23" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">elsaoswaldae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="37828296572788064625BEAC6EFDFA23" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[314,479,1515,1535]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hemisphaerica">
<emphasis id="C2F62507572788064625BEAC6E6BFA22" box="[314,329,1516,1535]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C2F62507572788064647BEAB6EFDFA23" box="[344,479,1515,1534]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">hemisphaerica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to several Brazilian records, that will be presented here, but require caution.
<taxonomicName id="37828296572788064579BD496F95F9E7" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1914" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elsaoswaldae">
<emphasis id="C2F62507572788064579BD496F95F9E7" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Clytia elsaoswaldae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has records from Fernando de Noronha (
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457278806457CBD676DDDF9E7" author="Vannucci M" box="[611,767,1575,1594]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="3 - 12" refId="ref52626" refString="Vannucci M (1958) Consideracoes em torno das hydromedusae da regiao de Fernando de Noronha. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 9: 3 - 12." type="journal article" year="1958">Vannucci 1958</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572788064786BD056E7AF985" author="Amaral FMD &amp; Ramos CAC &amp; Leao ZMAN &amp; Kikuchi RKP &amp; Lima KKM &amp; Longo LL &amp; Cordeiro RTS &amp; Lira SMA &amp; Vasconcelos SL" box="[153,344,1605,1625]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="277 - 290" refId="ref46577" refString="Amaral FMD, Ramos CAC, Leao ZMAN, Kikuchi RKP, Lima KKM, Longo LL, Cordeiro RTS, Lira SMA, Vasconcelos SL (2009) Checklist and morphometry of benthic cnidarians from the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 50: 277 - 290." type="journal article" year="2009">Amaral et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F7572788064675BD056ED8F985" box="[362,506,1605,1624]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="324637F7572788064519BD056DB4F985" box="[518,662,1605,1624]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45727880645BBBD056FEFF9AB" author="Vannucci M" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="81 - 96" refId="ref52435" refString="Vannucci M (1950) Resultados cientificos do Cruzeiro do &quot; Baependi &quot; e do &quot; Vega &quot; a Ilha da Trindade. Hydrozoa. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 1: 81 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / s 0100 - 42391950000100007" type="journal article" year="1950">Vannucci 1950</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45727880647C5BD236E38F9AB" author="Vannucci M" box="[218,282,1635,1654]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="105 - 124" refId="ref52483" refString="Vannucci M (1951 a) Distribuicao dos Hydrozoa ate agora conhecidos nas costas do Brasil. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 2: 105 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0100 - 42391951000100004" type="journal article" year="1951">1951a</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F7572788064631BD236EB0F9AB" box="[302,402,1635,1654]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45727880646BCBD236DBAF9AB" author="Vannucci Mendes M" box="[419,664,1635,1654]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="535 - 598" refId="ref52653" refString="Vannucci Mendes M (1946) Hydroida Thecaphora do Brasil. Arquivos de Zoologia do Estado de Sao Paulo 4: 535 - 598." type="journal article" year="1946">Vannucci Mendes 1946</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45727880645BABD236FF5F949" author="Vannucci M" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="105 - 124" refId="ref52483" refString="Vannucci M (1951 a) Distribuicao dos Hydrozoa ate agora conhecidos nas costas do Brasil. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 2: 105 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0100 - 42391951000100004" type="journal article" year="1951">Vannucci 1951a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45727880647FDBDC16E00F949" author="Vannucci M" box="[226,290,1665,1684]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="6 - 99" refId="ref52523" refString="Vannucci M (1951 b) Hydrozoa e Scyphozoa existentes no Instituto Paulista de Oceanografia. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 2: 6 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0100 - 42391951000100003" type="journal article" year="1951">1951b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572788064631BDC06E99F949" author="Migotto AE" box="[302,443,1664,1684]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref50248" refString="Migotto AE (1996) Benthic shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the coast of Sao Sebastiao, Brazil, including a checklist of Brazilian hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen 306: 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1996">Migotto 1996</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45727880646D8BDC06DAFF949" author="Migotto AE &amp; Marques AC &amp; Morandini AC &amp; Silveira FL" box="[455,653,1664,1684]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref50385" refString="Migotto AE, Marques AC, Morandini AC, Silveira FL (2002) Checklist of the Cnidaria Medusozoa of Brazil. Biota Neotropica 2: 1 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032002000100010" type="journal article" year="2002">Migotto et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572788064586BDC16FCEF96F" author="Lindner A &amp; Govindarajan AF &amp; Migotto AE" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="23 - 36" refId="ref49363" refString="Lindner A, Govindarajan AF, Migotto AE (2011) Cryptic species, life cycles, and the phylogeny of Clytia (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Campanulariidae). Zootaxa 2980: 23 - 36." type="journal article" year="2011">Lindner et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45727880647E8BDDF6D2CF96F" author="Oliveira OMP &amp; Marques AC" box="[247,526,1695,1714]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="786 - 795" refId="ref51238" refString="Oliveira OMP, Marques AC (2011) Global and local patterns in the use of macrophytes as substrata by hydroids (Hydrozoa: Anthoathecata and Leptothecata). Marine Biology Research 7: 786 - 795. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000.2011.57864 7" type="journal article" year="2011">Oliveira and Marques 2011</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572788064505BDDF6FEFF90D" author="Silveira FL &amp; Morandini AC" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref52113" refString="Silveira FL, Morandini AC (2011) Checklist dos Cnidaria do Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil. Biota Neotropica 11: 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / s 1676 - 06032011000500016" type="journal article" year="2011">Silveira and Morandini 2011</bibRefCitation>
), and
<collectingRegion id="324637F757278806460FBDFD6E85F90D" box="[272,423,1725,1744]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
(Denise M. Menon unpub. data). World distribution from North Carolina the Caribbean Sea, including
<collectingCountry id="8895B98557278806448DBB866CCEFF04" box="[914,1004,198,217]" name="Bermuda" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
and Gulf of Mexico (
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45727880643D4BB866AB3FF04" author="Lindner A &amp; Govindarajan AF &amp; Migotto AE" box="[1227,1425,198,217]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="23 - 36" refId="ref49363" refString="Lindner A, Govindarajan AF, Migotto AE (2011) Cryptic species, life cycles, and the phylogeny of Clytia (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Campanulariidae). Zootaxa 2980: 23 - 36." type="journal article" year="2011">Lindner et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
, Calder 2019).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF91557278806447ABA426C9AFE51" blockId="17.[807,1429,198,427]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Taxonomic remarks: According to
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45727880643AABA426A59FEC8" author="Lindner A &amp; Govindarajan AF &amp; Migotto AE" box="[1205,1403,258,277]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="23 - 36" refId="ref49363" refString="Lindner A, Govindarajan AF, Migotto AE (2011) Cryptic species, life cycles, and the phylogeny of Clytia (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Campanulariidae). Zootaxa 2980: 23 - 36." type="journal article" year="2011">Lindner et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicName id="37828296572788064261BA426C85FEEE" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1914" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elsaeoswaldae">
<emphasis id="C2F62507572788064261BA426AAFFEC8" box="[1406,1421,258,277]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C2F62507572788064436BA606C85FEEE" box="[809,935,288,307]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">elsaeoswaldae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles
<taxonomicName id="37828296572788064313BA606B45FEEE" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[1036,1127,288,307]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="C2F62507572788064313BA606B39FEEE" box="[1036,1051,288,307]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C2F62507572788064338BA606B45FEEE" box="[1063,1127,288,307]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having inclined hydrothecal cusps and gonotheca with thin wall, but they differ in the
<typeStatus id="2F3947B7572788064277BA7E6AB1FE8C" box="[1384,1427,318,337]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">type</typeStatus>
of colonies, mainly stolonal in the first species and branched in the second.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF91557278806447ABAD76B47FE76" blockId="17.[807,1429,198,427]" box="[869,1125,407,427]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Remarks: Found on algae.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
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<subSubSection id="B898AA9E572988084602BB866D5FFF3C" box="[285,637,198,225]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F03DF915572988084602BB866D5FFF3C" blockId="31.[285,637,198,225]" box="[285,637,198,225]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<heading id="AB754E79572988084602BB866D5FFF3C" box="[285,637,198,225]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="37828296572988084602BB866D5FFF3C" ID-CoL="3JB6H" authority="Sars, 1856" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1856" box="[285,637,198,225]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pusillum">
<emphasis id="C2F62507572988084602BB866ED6FF3C" box="[285,500,198,225]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Halecium pusillum</emphasis>
Sars, 1856
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="F03DF915572988084684BBB06D22FED9" blockId="31.[411,512,240,260]" box="[411,512,240,260]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<figureCitation id="68B9E590572988084684BBB06D22FED9" box="[411,512,240,260]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="32.[158,216,1534,1554]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,197,1522]" captionTargetId="figure-75@32.[159,1436,197,1522]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 15. (A-B) Haleciidae sp. 1: (A) detail of a polyp with a gonotheca; (B) detail of a polyp with an expanded hydranth; (C-E) Haleciidae sp. 2: (C) detail of a stem showing a hydranth; (D) detail of a stem ramification; (E) detail of the distal region of a stem; (F-H) Halecium pusillum: (F) general view of a stem; (G) detail of a stem with two male gonothecae; (H) detail of a stem with a female gonotheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176521" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176521/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 15FH</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915572988084788BA586D97FE9B" blockId="31.[151,752,280,326]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
Synonyms available from:
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572988084690BA586DCEFEF1" author="Pena Cantero AL &amp; Garcia Carrascosa AM" box="[399,748,280,300]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 180" refId="ref51386" refString="Pena Cantero AL, Garcia Carrascosa AM (2002) The benthic hydroid fauna of the Chafarinas Islands (Alboran Sea, western Mediterranean). Zoologische Verhandelingen 337: 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="2002">Peña Cantero and Carrascosa (2002)</bibRefCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="37828296572988084788BA716D32FE9B" authority="M. Sars, 1857: 154" authorityName="M. Sars" authorityPageNumber="154" authorityYear="1857" box="[151,528,305,326]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pusillum">
<emphasis id="C2F62507572988084788BA716E71FE98" box="[151,339,305,325]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Eudendrium pusillum</emphasis>
M. Sars, 1857: 154
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 1, figs 14-16.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF9155729880847CBBA186D71FD69" blockId="31.[149,772,343,1438]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
Description: Colonies erect, up to
<quantity id="377A54F057298808452CBA186D59FEB6" box="[563,635,344,363]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
high, arising from a creeping hydrorhiza. Stem monosiphonic. Perisarc is moderately thick, with several annulations across it. Hydrocladia arise laterally just below the hydrothecae. Primary hydrothecae shallow, 257543 µm high, 93115 µm wide at the margin, with a ring of desmocytes above the diaphragm. Secondary hydrothecae arise directly from the primary ones, supported by a pedicel.
<specimenCount id="E684329C572988084789B9696E24FDE1" box="[150,262,553,572]" count="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="female">One female</specimenCount>
gonotheca found, 877 µm high, 470 µm wide, completely annulated, with a lateral aperture, desmocytes present. Male gonothecae oval with transverse waves along their length, 437642 µm high, 231313 µm wide. Nematocysts microbasic euryteles discharged (8.610
<emphasis id="C2F625075729880846A9B9E26EE1FD6E" bold="true" box="[438,451,674,691]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">×</emphasis>
4.024.8 µm).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF9155729880847CBB9FE6EEFFCD0" blockId="31.[149,772,343,1438]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Material examined: PCS few colonies with and without gonothecae (male and female) from the dry and rainy seasons. CZUFS CNI-00148; CNI-00324.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF9155729880847CBB8586EC0FCF6" blockId="31.[149,772,343,1438]" box="[212,482,792,811]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Stations: PCS 5, 6, 16, 17.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF9155729880847CBB8766E7DFC94" blockId="31.[149,772,343,1438]" box="[212,351,822,841]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Bottom: mud.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF9155729880847CBB8136EBCFBE5" blockId="31.[149,772,343,1438]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
Distribution:
<collectingCountry id="8895B985572988084640B8136EB5FCBB" box="[351,407,851,870]" name="Brazil" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Brazil</collectingCountry>
This is the first record from the Brazilian coast. World distribution Peña Cantero and Carrracosa (2002) and
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457298808464CB8CF6D38FC7F" author="Gravili C &amp; De Vito D &amp; Di Camillo CG &amp; Martell L &amp; Piraino S &amp; Boero F" box="[339,538,911,931]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 187" refId="ref48596" refString="Gravili C, De Vito D, Di Camillo CG, Martell L, Piraino S, Boero F (2015) The non-siphonophoran Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) of Salento, Italy with notes on their life-cycles: an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 3908: 1 - 187. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3908.1.1" type="journal article" year="2015">Gravili et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
considered the species circumglobal distributed, mainly in the Mediterranean and Atlantic portions of Europe and also in the South Atlantic (Franch Guiana,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45729880847F5B8A96E44FC21" author="Leloup E" box="[234,358,1001,1020]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="217 - 241" refId="ref49235" refString="Leloup E (1960) Hydropolypes du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Memoires du Museum national d'histoire Naturelle 17: 217 - 241." type="journal article" year="1960">Leloup 1960</bibRefCitation>
) and Pacific (
<collectingCountry id="8895B9855729880846F5B8A96D1FFC21" box="[490,573,1001,1020]" name="Ecuador" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572988084559B8A96DD5FC21" author="Calder DR &amp; Mallinson JJ &amp; Collins K &amp; Hickman CP" box="[582,759,1001,1020]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1173 - 1218" refId="ref47634" refString="Calder DR, Mallinson JJ, Collins K, Hickman CP (2003) Additions to the hydroids (Cnidaria) of the Galapagos, with a list of species reported from the islands. Journal of Natural History 37: 1173 - 1218. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930110116039" type="journal article" year="2003">Calder et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
). Additionally, there is a record from the Caribbean Sea (
<collectingCountry id="8895B9855729880845D7BF476DDDFBC7" box="[712,767,1031,1050]" name="Cuba" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Cuba</collectingCountry>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572988084786BF646EB1FBE5" author="Castellanos-Iglesias S" box="[153,403,1060,1080]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refId="ref47776" refString="Castellanos-Iglesias S (2017) Hidroides (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) de Cuba: composicao taxonomica, distribuicao e estrutura das assembleias relacionada aos fatores ambientais. PhD Thesis, Universidade Federal do Parana, 248 p, available online at: https: // acervodigital. ufpr. br / handle / 1884 / 56957" type="book" year="2017">Castellanos-Iglesias 2017</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF9155729880847CBBF026D43FABF" blockId="31.[149,772,343,1438]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
Taxonomic remarks: The intensity of the waves found on the perisarc of material from
<collectingRegion id="324637F75729880846ACBF206ED8FBA9" box="[435,506,1120,1140]" country="Brazil" name="Sergipe" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Sergipe</collectingRegion>
is similar to that described by Peña Cantero and Carrracosa (2002) and, quite different from that described by
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457298808469CBFDC6D64FB72" author="Gravili C &amp; De Vito D &amp; Di Camillo CG &amp; Martell L &amp; Piraino S &amp; Boero F" box="[387,582,1180,1199]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 187" refId="ref48596" refString="Gravili C, De Vito D, Di Camillo CG, Martell L, Piraino S, Boero F (2015) The non-siphonophoran Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) of Salento, Italy with notes on their life-cycles: an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 3908: 1 - 187. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3908.1.1" type="journal article" year="2015">Gravili et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
that mentions the perisarcal waves in pedicel as extremely intense. The intensity of the waves seems to be a variable character, including between colonies in the same place, as in the PCS.
<taxonomicName id="3782829657298808452BBFB66DC6FAD4" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1856" box="[564,740,1270,1289]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pusillum">
<emphasis id="C2F6250757298808452BBFB66DC6FAD4" box="[564,740,1270,1289]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Halecium pusillum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles
<taxonomicName id="378282965729880847F6BE546D62FAFA" authority="Trebilcock, 1928" authorityName="Trebilcock" authorityYear="1928" box="[233,576,1299,1319]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="corrugatissimum">
<emphasis id="C2F625075729880847F6BE546FDBFAFB" box="[233,249,1300,1318]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C2F6250757298808461BBE546EBEFAFB" box="[260,412,1300,1318]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">corrugatissimum</emphasis>
Trebilcock, 1928
</taxonomicName>
but is differentiated from this species because
<taxonomicName id="37828296572988084681BE726D77FA99" authorityName="Trebilcock" authorityYear="1928" box="[414,597,1330,1349]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="corrugatissimum">
<emphasis id="C2F62507572988084681BE726E8CFA99" box="[414,430,1330,1348]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C2F625075729880846A3BE726D77FA99" box="[444,597,1330,1348]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">corrugatissimum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has hydrothecae with everted margin (
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572988084672BE0F6D29FABF" author="Schuchert P" box="[365,523,1359,1378]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="607 - 639" refId="ref51685" refString="Schuchert P (2005) Taxonomic revision and systematic notes on some Halecium species (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Journal of Natural History 39: 607 - 639. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930400001319" type="journal article" year="2005">Schuchert 2005</bibRefCitation>
, p. 635).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF9155729880847CBBE2D6D5BFA43" blockId="31.[149,772,343,1438]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Remarks: Zooxanthellae found on the peduncle, ramifications, and gonangia. Colonies found on algae.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF91557298808461EBE846D22F9DF" blockId="31.[257,665,1476,1538]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="3782829657298808461EBE846DBBFA02" authority="(Hargitt, 1924)" baseAuthorityName="Hargitt" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[257,665,1476,1503]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lighti">
<emphasis id="C2F6250757298808461EBE846EF5FA02" box="[257,471,1476,1503]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Nemalecium lighti</emphasis>
(Hargitt, 1924)
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="68B9E590572988084684BEAE6D22F9DF" box="[411,512,1518,1538]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="26.[159,217,1404,1424]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,197,1392]" captionTargetId="figure-189@26.[159,1436,197,1392]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 12. (A-B) Mitrocomium cirratum: (A) general view of a colony; (B) detail of the proximal region of a polyp showing some nematocysts; (C-F) Nemalecium lighti: (C) general view of a stem showing a gonotheca (red arrow); (D) detail of a colony highlighting a hydranth with a pair of nematodactyls (red arrows); (E) detail of a colony with hydranths; (F) detail of the stem showing a gonotheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176515" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176515/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 12CF</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915572988084788BD566C27F983" blockId="31.[151,773,1558,1681]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
Synonyms available from:
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.
<taxonomicName id="37828296572988084788BD6F6EF4F999" authority="Hargitt, 1924: 489" authorityName="Hargitt" authorityPageNumber="489" authorityYear="1924" box="[151,470,1583,1604]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lighti">
<emphasis id="C2F62507572988084788BD6F6E3FF999" box="[151,285,1583,1604]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Halecium lighti</emphasis>
Hargitt, 1924: 489
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 4 fig. 13.
<taxonomicName id="37828296572988084788BD096E19F980" baseAuthorityName="Hargitt" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[151,315,1609,1629]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lighti">
<emphasis id="C2F62507572988084788BD096E19F980" box="[151,315,1609,1629]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Nemalecium lighti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bouillon, 1986: 73, figs 14, pls. 13,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45729880845DFBD0A6C27F983" author="Calder DR" box="[704,773,1610,1630]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 140" refId="ref47276" refString="Calder DR (1991) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Thecatae, exclusive of Plumularioidea. Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum 154: 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1991">Calder,</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF9155729880847A9BD236D78F94C" blockId="31.[151,773,1558,1681]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
1991d: 27, fig. 17, 18,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45729880846BDBD236D74F9AA" author="Migotto AE" box="[418,598,1635,1655]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref50248" refString="Migotto AE (1996) Benthic shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the coast of Sao Sebastiao, Brazil, including a checklist of Brazilian hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen 306: 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1996">Migotto, 1996: 36</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 7H, I, Gravier-Bonnet and Migotto, 2000: 207, fig. 1, 2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF9155729880847CBBDE36BBAFD83" blockId="31.[151,771,1698,1778]" lastBlockId="31.[807,1430,198,1084]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
Description: Colonies erect, up to
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high, arising from a creeping hydrorhiza. Stem monosiphonic, branched alternately or irregularly. Perisarc is moderately thick with annulations at the stem base, each ramification and internode with hydrothecae. Each internode carries a primary hydrotheca. Secondary hydrothecae with pedicel, arising from inside the primary ones or laterally to those, just below the primary hydrothecae. All hydrothecae shallow, 99111 µm high, 112132 µm wide, with a ring of large desmocytes. Hydranths elongated, with a constriction just below the tentacle insertion, with a whorl of 1517 filiform tentacles. Most of the hydranths with a pair of short round nematodactyls. Only female gonothecae found, 13 per colony, in the form of an inverted cone,
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high,
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in maximum width, perisarc thick and smooth, arising from pedicel in the stem and carrying eggs. Nematocysts (large pseudostenoteles) were seen on hydranths and nematodactyls (3536
<emphasis id="C2F6250757298808432AB90C6B60FD80" bold="true" box="[1077,1090,588,605]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">×</emphasis>
12 µm).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF91557298808447AB9286B34FD6A" blockId="31.[807,1430,198,1084]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Material examined: VB few colonies, one of them with female gonothecae, from the dry and rainy seasons. CZUFS CNI-00055; CNI-00150.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF91557298808447AB9826C9CFD2F" blockId="31.[807,1430,198,1084]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Stations: VB C1P12, C2P12, C2P34, C2P56, C3P12, C3P34, C3P56.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF91557298808447AB9BD6B8CFC7B" blockId="31.[807,1430,198,1084]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
Distribution:
<collectingCountry id="8895B9855729880844F2B9BD6B06FCCD" box="[1005,1060,765,784]" name="Brazil" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Brazil</collectingCountry>
<collectingRegion id="324637F757298808435FB9BD6B9FFCCD" box="[1088,1213,765,784]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Pernambuco</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45729880843D4B9BD6AB3FCCC" author="Oliveira DG &amp; Cordeiro RFS &amp; Amaral FD &amp; Santos GS &amp; Guerra Junior GLC" box="[1227,1425,765,785]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refId="ref51108" refString="Oliveira DG, Cordeiro RFS, Amaral FD, Santos GS, Guerra Junior GLC (2009) Inventario de hidroides dos ambientes recifais de Porto de Galinhas, Tamandare e Itamaraca (PE). Anais da IX Jornada de Ensino, Pesquisa e extensao - JEPEX: R 0694 - 1, available online at: http: // www. eventosufrpe. com. br / jepex 2009 / cd / resumos / R 0694 - 1. pdf [Accessed: 12 / 02 / 2019]" type="url" year="2009">Oliveira et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
, abastract),
<collectingRegion id="324637F757298808448BB85B6B3CFCF3" box="[916,1054,795,814]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572988084335B85B6A2BFCF3" author="Grohmann PA &amp; Souza MM &amp; Nogueira CC" box="[1066,1289,795,815]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="227 - 232" refId="ref48824" refString="Grohmann PA, Souza MM, Nogueira CC (1997) Hydroids from the vicinity of a large industrial area in Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil. Proceedings of the 6 th International Conference on Coelenterate Biology 1995: 227 - 232." type="journal article" year="1997">Grohmann et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F7572988084206B85B6C1CFC90" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572988084453B8796B3FFC91" author="Nogueira CC &amp; Grohmann PA &amp; Silva VMAP" box="[844,1053,825,845]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refId="ref50822" refString="Nogueira CC, Grohmann PA, Silva VMAP (1997) Hydroids from the vicinity of a nuclear power plant site (CNAAA-Unidade I) at Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Proceedings of the 6 th International Conference on Coelenterate Biology: 365 - 369, available online at: https: // www. researchgate. net / publication / 279450354 _ Hydroids _ from _ the _ vicinity _ of _ a _ nuclear _ power _ plant _ site _ CNAAA-Unidade _ I _ at _ Angra _ dos _ Reis _ Rio _ de _ Janeiro _ Brazil [Accessed: 10 / 04 / 2019]" type="url" year="1997">Nogueira et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572988084336B8796BD1FC91" author="Miranda TP &amp; Genzano GN &amp; Marques AC" box="[1065,1267,825,845]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="484 - 506" refId="ref50491" refString="Miranda TP, Genzano GN, Marques AC (2015) Areas of endemism in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean based on the distribution of benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zootaxa 4033: 484 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4033.4.2" type="journal article" year="2015">Miranda et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
), and
<collectingRegion id="324637F757298808422CB8796AB6FC91" box="[1331,1428,825,844]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572988084430B8176CDBFCB7" author="Marques AC" box="[815,1017,855,874]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="329 - 405" refId="ref49495" refString="Marques AC (2001) O genero Eudendrium (Hydrozoa, Anthomedusae, Eudendriidae) no Brasil. Papes Avulsos de Zoologia 41 (22): 329 - 405." type="journal article" year="2001">Marques et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457298808431BB8176B15FCB7" author="Marques AC &amp; Kloh AS &amp; Migotto AE &amp; Cabral AC &amp; Rigo APR &amp; Bettim AL" box="[1028,1079,855,874]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="265 - 285" refId="ref49563" refString="Marques AC, Kloh AS, Migotto AE, Cabral AC, Rigo APR, Bettim AL, et al. (2013) Rapid assessment survey of exotic benthic species in the Sao Sebastiao Channel, Brazil. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 41: 265 - 285." type="journal article" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457298808435CB8176A46FCB7" author="Silveira FL &amp; Morandini AC" box="[1091,1380,855,874]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref52113" refString="Silveira FL, Morandini AC (2011) Checklist dos Cnidaria do Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil. Biota Neotropica 11: 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / s 1676 - 06032011000500016" type="journal article" year="2011">Silveira and Morandini 2011</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457298808426FB8176CC4FC55" author="Fernandez MO &amp; Navarrete SA &amp; Marques AC" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="492 - 503" refId="ref48171" refString="Fernandez MO, Navarrete SA, Marques AC (2015) A comparison of temporal turnover of species from benthic cnidarian assemblages in tropical and subtropical harbours. Marine Biology Research 11: 492 - 503. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000.2014.955804" type="journal article" year="2015">Fernandez et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
). World distribution Atlantic, Indian and Pacific (western) Oceans (
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572988084339B8D36B80FC7B" author="Calder DR" box="[1062,1186,915,934]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 140" refId="ref47276" refString="Calder DR (1991) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Thecatae, exclusive of Plumularioidea. Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum 154: 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1991">Calder 1991</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF91557298808447AB8F16B75FBE6" blockId="31.[807,1430,198,1084]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
Remarks: Colonizing the plates, and also on Bryozoa,
<taxonomicName id="3782829657298808426CB8F16CC0FC3C" authority=", Ascidiacea" authorityName="Ascidiacea" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Ostreidae, Ascidiacea</taxonomicName>
, and the hydroids
<taxonomicName id="37828296572988084381B88E6AB7FC3C" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[1182,1429,974,993]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Corydendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parasiticum">
<emphasis id="C2F62507572988084381B88E6AB7FC3C" box="[1182,1429,974,993]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Corydendrium parasiticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="3782829657298808444BB8AD6CD6FC22" authorityName="Goldfuss" authorityYear="1820" box="[852,1012,1004,1023]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pennariidae" genus="Pennaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="disticha">
<emphasis id="C2F6250757298808444BB8AD6CD6FC22" box="[852,1012,1004,1023]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Pennaria disticha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. One case of poisoning is recorded for this species to
<collectingRegion id="324637F7572988084490BF4A6CD2FBC0" box="[911,1008,1034,1053]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45729880844E1BF4A6BEBFBC0" author="Marques AC &amp; Haddad Junior V &amp; Migotto AE" box="[1022,1225,1034,1054]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="213 - 215" refId="ref49526" refString="Marques AC, Haddad Junior V, Migotto AE (2002) Envenomation by a bentic Hydrozoa (Cnidaria): the case of Nemalecium lighti (Haleciidae). Toxicon 40: 213 - 215." type="journal article" year="2002">
<collectingRegion id="324637F75729880844E1BF4A6B76FBC0" box="[1022,1108,1034,1053]" country="Italy" name="Marche" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Marques</collectingRegion>
et al. 2002
</bibRefCitation>
). Several stems were covered by algae and diatoms.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
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<taxonomicName id="37828296572F880E47F6BAD76D93FE6F" ID-CoL="VGXP" authority="Kramp, 1959" authorityName="Kramp" authorityYear="1959" box="[233,689,407,434]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cirrholoveniidae" genus="Cirrholovenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tetranema">
<emphasis id="C2F62507572F880E47F6BAD76D25FE6F" box="[233,519,407,434]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Cirrholovenia tetranema</emphasis>
Kramp, 1959
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<paragraph id="F03DF915572F880E4687BA806D20FE09" blockId="25.[233,689,407,468]" box="[408,514,448,468]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<figureCitation id="68B9E590572F880E4687BA806D20FE09" box="[408,514,448,468]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="24.[159,217,1731,1751]" captionTargetBox="[330,1264,197,1716]" captionTargetId="figure-46@24.[330,1264,197,1716]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 11. (A-B) Calycella sp.: general view of a colony; (B) detail of a polyp; (C-D) Cirrholovenia tetranema: (C) general view of a colony highlighting a nematotheca (red arrow); (D) detail of a polyp with hydranth; (E) Filellum sp: general view of a colony." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176513/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 11CD</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915572F880E4788BAA96C21FD97" blockId="25.[151,771,489,611]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
Synonyms available from:
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572F880E4690BAA96D2CFE20" author="Galea HR" box="[399,526,489,509]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref48246" refString="Galea HR (2008) On a collection of shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles. Zootaxa 1878: 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="2008">Galea (2008)</bibRefCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="37828296572F880E4788B9436D16FDCA" authority="Kramp, 1959 b: 243" authorityName="Kramp" authorityPageNumber="243" authorityYear="1959" box="[151,564,514,535]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cirrholoveniidae" genus="Cirrholovenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tetranema">
<emphasis id="C2F62507572F880E4788B9436E50FDCB" box="[151,370,514,535]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Cirrholovenia tetranema</emphasis>
Kramp, 1959b: 243
</taxonomicName>
, fig. 17A, B.
<taxonomicName id="37828296572F880E4788B95B6E7FFDED" baseAuthorityName="Millard &amp; Bouillon" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[151,349,539,560]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Lafoeina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="amirantensis">
<emphasis id="C2F62507572F880E4788B95B6E7FFDED" box="[151,349,539,560]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Lafoeina amirantensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572F880E4672B95C6EC9FDED" author="Calder DR" box="[365,491,540,560]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 140" refId="ref47276" refString="Calder DR (1991) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Thecatae, exclusive of Plumularioidea. Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum 154: 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1991">Calder, 1991</bibRefCitation>
d: 10, fig. 3,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572F880E4570B95C6E71FD97" author="Calder DR &amp; Mayal EM" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="69 - 78" refId="ref47689" refString="Calder DR, Mayal EM (1998) Dry season distribution of hydroids in a small tropical estuary, Pernambuco, Brazil. Zoologische Verhandelingen 323: 69 - 78." type="journal article" year="1998">Calder and Vervoort, 1998: 15</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 5,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572F880E46B3B9766D8BFD97" author="Calder DR &amp; Mallinson JJ &amp; Collins K &amp; Hickman CP" box="[428,681,566,586]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1173 - 1218" refId="ref47634" refString="Calder DR, Mallinson JJ, Collins K, Hickman CP (2003) Additions to the hydroids (Cnidaria) of the Galapagos, with a list of species reported from the islands. Journal of Natural History 37: 1173 - 1218. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930110116039" type="journal article" year="2003">Calder et al., 2003: 1180</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 5,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915572F880E47AAB90F6D00FDBE" blockId="25.[151,771,489,611]" box="[181,546,591,611]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572F880E47AAB90F6EEAFDBE" author="Migotto AE &amp; Cabral AS" box="[181,456,591,611]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref50285" refString="Migotto AE, Cabral AS (2005) Lafoeina amirantensis (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa, Campanulinoidea), the hydroid stage of the medusa Cirrholovenia tetranema (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa, Lovenelloidea). Zootaxa 919: 1 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 919.1.1" type="journal article" year="2005">Migotto and Cabral, 2005: 3</bibRefCitation>
, figs 13.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915572F880E47CBB9356DBFFCAA" blockId="25.[149,773,629,1545]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Description: Colonies stolonal, arising from a creeping hydrorhiza. Hydrothecae cylindrical, elongated, 161211 µm high, 5681 µm wide, arising from a short pedicel. Perisarc moderately thick in the pedicel and thin in the hydrothecae. Operculum with thin wall, without segmentation, arising as a continuation of the hydrothecal margin, folded on itself, forming several pleats. One polyp with hydranth, this expanded, with apparently nine tentacles. Nematothecae arising from the hydrorhiza, 52.357.8 µm high, 16.817.8 µm wide.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915572F880E47CBB8C26D66FC32" blockId="25.[149,773,629,1545]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Material examined: PCS two infertile colonies from the rainy season; VB abundant infertile colonies from the dry and rainy seasons; SE few infertile colonies from rainy season. CZUFS CNI-00054; CNI-00133; CNI-00134.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915572F880E47CBB8B96FFEFB95" blockId="25.[149,773,629,1545]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Stations: PCS 5, 12; VB C1P12, C1P34, C2P12, C2P34, C2P56, C3P34, C3P56; SE C1P34, C1P56, C2P12, C2P56, C3P12, C3P56.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915572F880E47CBBF136E4FFBBA" blockId="25.[149,773,629,1545]" box="[212,365,1107,1127]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Bottom: gravel.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915572F880E47CBBF316E84FA88" blockId="25.[149,773,629,1545]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
Distribution: The Brazilian records refer to
<taxonomicName id="37828296572F880E459EBF316FC8FB7C" baseAuthorityName="Millard &amp; Bouillon" baseAuthorityYear="1973" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Lafoeina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="amirantensis">
<emphasis id="C2F62507572F880E459EBF316FC8FB7C" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Lafoeina amirantensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<collectingCountry id="8895B985572F880E47E9BFCF6E0FFB7F" box="[246,301,1167,1186]" name="Brazil" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Brazil</collectingCountry>
<collectingRegion id="324637F7572F880E465CBFCF6EE2FB7F" box="[323,448,1167,1186]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Pernambuco</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572F880E46D3BFCF6D97FB7F" author="Calder DR &amp; Mayal EM" box="[460,693,1166,1186]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="69 - 78" refId="ref47689" refString="Calder DR, Mayal EM (1998) Dry season distribution of hydroids in a small tropical estuary, Pernambuco, Brazil. Zoologische Verhandelingen 323: 69 - 78." type="journal article" year="1998">Calder and Maÿal 1998</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F7572F880E45DABFCF6FFFFB1D" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572F880E47F8BFEC6E89FB1D" author="Nogueira CC &amp; Grohmann PA &amp; Silva VMAP" box="[231,427,1196,1216]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="ref50822" refString="Nogueira CC, Grohmann PA, Silva VMAP (1997) Hydroids from the vicinity of a nuclear power plant site (CNAAA-Unidade I) at Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Proceedings of the 6 th International Conference on Coelenterate Biology: 365 - 369, available online at: https: // www. researchgate. net / publication / 279450354 _ Hydroids _ from _ the _ vicinity _ of _ a _ nuclear _ power _ plant _ site _ CNAAA-Unidade _ I _ at _ Angra _ dos _ Reis _ Rio _ de _ Janeiro _ Brazil [Accessed: 10 / 04 / 2019]" type="url" year="1997">Nogueira et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F7572F880E46A5BFED6D3AFB1D" box="[442,536,1197,1216]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572F880E453DBFED6FEBFB03" author="Silveira FL &amp; Morandini AC" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref52113" refString="Silveira FL, Morandini AC (2011) Checklist dos Cnidaria do Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil. Biota Neotropica 11: 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / s 1676 - 06032011000500016" type="journal article" year="2011">Silveira and Morandini 2011</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572F880E47CEBF8B6EADFB03" author="Marques AC &amp; Kloh AS &amp; Migotto AE &amp; Cabral AC &amp; Rigo APR &amp; Bettim AL" box="[209,399,1226,1246]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="265 - 285" refId="ref49563" refString="Marques AC, Kloh AS, Migotto AE, Cabral AC, Rigo APR, Bettim AL, et al. (2013) Rapid assessment survey of exotic benthic species in the Sao Sebastiao Channel, Brazil. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 41: 265 - 285." type="journal article" year="2013">Marques et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572F880E4688BF8A6D45FB03" author="Fernandez MO &amp; Navarrete SA &amp; Marques AC" box="[407,615,1226,1246]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="144 - 152" refId="ref48130" refString="Fernandez MO, Navarrete SA, Marques AC (2014) Temporal variation in richness and composition of recruits in a diverse cnidarian assemblage of subtropical Brazil. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 460: 144 - 152." type="journal article" year="2014">Fernandez et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572F880E4570BF8A6D80FB00" author="Fernandez MO &amp; Navarrete SA &amp; Marques AC" box="[623,674,1226,1245]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="492 - 503" refId="ref48171" refString="Fernandez MO, Navarrete SA, Marques AC (2015) A comparison of temporal turnover of species from benthic cnidarian assemblages in tropical and subtropical harbours. Marine Biology Research 11: 492 - 503. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000.2014.955804" type="journal article" year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572F880E45B5BF8A6E12FB21" author="Alaja-Batista L &amp; Lins DM &amp; Haddad MA" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="ref46292" refString="Alaja-Batista L, Lins DM, Haddad MA (2020) Diversity of estuarine and marine hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from subtropical ecosystems of Brazil. Marine Biodiversity 50: 97. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 020 - 01133 - 0" type="journal volume" year="2020">Alaja-Batista et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F7572F880E465FBFA96EA1FB21" box="[320,387,1257,1276]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Paraná</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572F880E4690BFA86DB3FB21" author="Bumbeer JA &amp; Rocha RM" box="[399,657,1256,1276]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="126 - 134" refId="ref47119" refString="Bumbeer JA, Rocha RM (2012) Detection of introduced sessile species on the near shore continental shelf in southern Brazil. Zoologia (Curitiba) 29: 126 - 134. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / s 1984 - 46702012000200005" type="journal article" year="2012">Bumbeer and Rocha 2012</bibRefCitation>
), and
<collectingRegion id="324637F7572F880E45D2BFA96FCEFAC4" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572F880E47E9BE466E8CFAC4" author="Bouzon JL &amp; Brandini FP &amp; Rocha RM" box="[246,430,1286,1306]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="39 - 47" refId="ref47083" refString="Bouzon JL, Brandini FP, Rocha RM (2012) Biodiversity of sessile fauna on rocky shores of coastal islands in Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. Marine Science 2: 39 - 47." type="journal article" year="2012">Bouzon et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
).World distribution records from coastal and shelf regions of Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans (
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4572F880E4782BE026EB9FA88" author="Migotto AE &amp; Cabral AS" box="[157,411,1346,1366]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref50285" refString="Migotto AE, Cabral AS (2005) Lafoeina amirantensis (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa, Campanulinoidea), the hydroid stage of the medusa Cirrholovenia tetranema (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa, Lovenelloidea). Zootaxa 919: 1 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 919.1.1" type="journal article" year="2005">Migotto and Cabral 2005</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915572F880E47CBBE206D94F9D4" blockId="25.[149,773,629,1545]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
Remarks: All the PCS specimens were found on the same morphotype of Bryozoa. The estuarine material was found on Bryozoa,
<taxonomicName id="37828296572F880E47F1BEDB6E74FA72" box="[238,342,1435,1455]" class="Polychaeta" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="class">Polychaeta</taxonomicName>
tube, Ascidiacea, and the hydroids
<taxonomicName id="37828296572F880E4583BEDC6FD4FA11" baseAuthorityName="Allman" baseAuthorityYear="1863" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="muscus">
<emphasis id="C2F62507572F880E4583BEDC6FD4FA11" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Bougainvillia muscus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="37828296572F880E461EBEF96E9EFA11" authorityName="Rotch" authorityYear="1871" box="[257,444,1465,1484]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladocorynidae" genus="Cladocoryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="floccosa">
<emphasis id="C2F62507572F880E461EBEF96E9EFA11" box="[257,444,1465,1484]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Cladocoryne floccosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="37828296572F880E46D8BEF96D61FA11" box="[455,579,1465,1484]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="C2F62507572F880E46D8BEF96D61FA11" box="[455,579,1465,1484]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Clytia gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="37828296572F880E4552BEF96FFAFA37" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Corydendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parasiticum">
<emphasis id="C2F62507572F880E4552BEF96FFAFA37" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Corydendrium parasiticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="37828296572F880E47FDBE976E87FA37" authorityName="Watson" authorityYear="1985" box="[226,421,1495,1514]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="merulum">
<emphasis id="C2F62507572F880E47FDBE976E87FA37" box="[226,421,1495,1514]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Eudendrium merulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="37828296572F880E46B0BE976D73FA37" baseAuthorityName="Hargitt" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[431,593,1495,1514]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Nemalecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lighti">
<emphasis id="C2F62507572F880E46B0BE976D73FA37" box="[431,593,1495,1514]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Nemalecium lighti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="37828296572F880E4543BE976DDFFA37" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1914" box="[604,765,1495,1514]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="oxydentata">
<emphasis id="C2F62507572F880E4543BE976DDFFA37" box="[604,765,1495,1514]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Obelia oxydentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="C2F62507572F880E4788BEB66EE0F9D5" box="[151,450,1525,1545]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="37828296572F880E4788BEB66E37F9D5" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,277,1525,1545]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">O. dichotoma</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="37828296572F880E4601BEB66E9CF9D5" authorityName="Goldfuss" authorityYear="1820" box="[286,446,1525,1544]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pennariidae" genus="Pennaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="disticha">Pennaria disticha</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="37828296572F880E46EDBEB56D92F9D5" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1900" box="[498,688,1525,1544]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="floridana">
<emphasis id="C2F62507572F880E46EDBEB56D92F9D5" box="[498,688,1525,1544]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Plumularia floridana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
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<mods:affiliation id="D5EA39E7353A801DE88CE17E2EA5B6B3">Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas. Avenida Lourival Melo Mota,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="6E997497E1464EF78613E2A325065175">Zoologia</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="19CF1761924342AA38976C2FB94AC4B1">
<mods:date id="FF284A2B206DFE4E6C9C7E3D89907388">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="A4AE3C8505DBDB1906457E3FA4CA5F3E">e 21032</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="1737C90EED660FC022532AFF88CA7947">2022-11-25</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="01F17A9933BD9E1234A42789457733D2">39</mods:number>
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<treatment id="782B480357338812461DBEFD6AA9FC3F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:782B480357338812461DBEFD6AA9FC3F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/782B480357338812461DBEFD6AA9FC3F" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<subSubSection id="B898AA9E57338812461DBEFD6D19F9F9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F03DF91557338812461DBEFD6ED7FA26" blockId="5.[258,664,1469,1531]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<heading id="AB754E7957338812461DBEFD6DBAFA05" box="[258,664,1469,1496]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="3782829657338812461DBEFD6DBAFA05" ID-CoL="VNZS" authority="Rotch, 1871" authorityName="Rotch" authorityYear="1871" box="[258,664,1469,1496]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladocorynidae" genus="Cladocoryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="floccosa">
<emphasis id="C2F6250757338812461DBEFD6EDAFA05" box="[258,504,1469,1496]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cladocoryne floccosa</emphasis>
Rotch, 1871
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
(
<figureCitation id="68B9E5905733881246B4BEA76ED2FA26" box="[427,496,1511,1531]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[159,217,1672,1692]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,197,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-88@6.[159,1436,197,1659]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. (A) Cladocoryne floccosa, detail of a polyp showing a hydranth with gonophore (red arrow); (B) Coryne sp. 1 general view of a polyp; (C) Coryne sp. 2 general view of a polyp; (D-F) Zanclea migottoi: (D) general view of two polyps, one of them with gonophores (red arrow); (E) detail of the medial portion of the hydranth showing a group of nematocysts at the tentacle base (circle) and a discharged nematocyst (red arrow); (F) detail of the hydranth with two undischarged nematocysts (red arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176483" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176483/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915573388124788BD506D19F9F9" blockId="5.[151,772,1552,1597]" box="[151,571,1552,1572]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Synonyms available from:
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573388124690BD506D15F9F9" author="Schuchert P" box="[399,567,1552,1572]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="325 - 410" refId="ref51725" refString="Schuchert P (2006) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Capitata Part 1. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 113 (2): 325 - 410. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80356" type="journal article" year="2006">Schuchert (2006)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B898AA9E573388124788BD696C26F9E0" box="[151,772,1576,1597]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F03DF915573388124788BD696C26F9E0" blockId="5.[151,772,1552,1597]" box="[151,772,1576,1597]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D092DE3B573388124788BD696C26F9E0" box="[151,772,1576,1597]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="37828296573388124788BD696ECCF9E0" ID-CoL="VNZS" authority="Rotch, 1871: 228" authorityName="Rotch" authorityPageNumber="228" authorityYear="1871" box="[151,494,1576,1597]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladocorynidae" genus="Cladocoryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="floccosa">
<emphasis id="C2F62507573388124788BD696E69F9E1" box="[151,331,1576,1597]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cladocoryne floccosa</emphasis>
Rotch,1871: 228
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="7123DF045733881246E0BD696D8AF9E0" author="Migotto AE" box="[511,680,1577,1597]" page="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1996">
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45733881246E0BD696D8AF9E0" author="Migotto AE" box="[511,680,1577,1597]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref50248" refString="Migotto AE (1996) Benthic shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the coast of Sao Sebastiao, Brazil, including a checklist of Brazilian hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen 306: 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1996">Migotto, 1996: 17</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 4a, b.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B898AA9E5733881247CBBD0F6AA9FC3F" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
<paragraph id="F03DF9155733881247CBBD0F6A2BFE50" blockId="5.[149,772,1615,1784]" lastBlockId="5.[807,1430,198,994]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Description: Colonies erect, polyps up to
<quantity id="377A54F0573388124567BD0F6DE5F9BF" box="[632,711,1615,1634]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="3.6">3.6 mm</quantity>
high. Stem
<quantity id="377A54F05733881247D1BD2D6E62F95D" box="[206,320,1645,1664]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="0.3">0.32.7 mm</quantity>
high,
<quantity id="377A54F0573388124663BD2D6D25F95D" box="[380,519,1645,1664]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="0.135" valueMax="0.21" valueMin="0.06">0.060.21 mm</quantity>
wide, unbranched or with a small branch, without hydranths, covered by smooth perisarc with a few annulations. Hydranth cylindrical,
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high,
<quantity id="377A54F057338812478ABD866E01F907" box="[149,291,1734,1754]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" metricValueMax="6.2" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="0.38" valueMax="0.62" valueMin="0.14">0.140.62 mm</quantity>
wide, and with a dome-shaped hypostome. Two whorls of capitate tentacles, the oral one with 6 small ones and the aboral with 914 branched tentacles scattered over the hydranth carrying rows of small pedicellate tentacles. Gonophores spherical, cryptomedusoid, with short pedicels,
<quantity id="377A54F057338812421BBA426AB1FEC8" box="[1284,1427,258,277]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="0.3" valueMax="0.37" valueMin="0.23">0.230.37 mm</quantity>
high,
<quantity id="377A54F057338812447BBA606CD1FEEE" box="[868,1011,288,307]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="1.7999999999999998" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="0.25" valueMax="0.32" valueMin="0.18">0.180.32 mm</quantity>
wide. One gonophore per polyp approximately in the middle of the hydranth body between the aboral tentacles. Nematocysts macrobasic euryteles in the hydranth body, undischarged (32.242.7
<emphasis id="C2F62507573388124340BA3B6B4EFE51" bold="true" box="[1119,1132,379,396]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">×</emphasis>
11.316.1 µm).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF91557338812447ABAD76BE9FDD9" blockId="5.[807,1430,198,994]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Material examined: VB abundant colonies with and without gonophores from the dry and rainy seasons; SE few colonies with and without gonophores from the dry season; CZUFS CNI-00040; CNI-00071; CNI-0072.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF91557338812447AB94E6CF2FDE2" blockId="5.[807,1430,198,994]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Stations: VB C1P12, C1P56, C2P12, C2P56, C3P34; SE C1P56, C2P56.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF91557338812447AB90A6B44FC91" blockId="5.[807,1430,198,994]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Distribution:
<collectingCountry id="8895B9855733881244EDB90A6B09FD80" box="[1010,1067,586,605]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Brazil</collectingCountry>
<collectingRegion id="324637F7573388124355B90A6BEBFD80" box="[1098,1225,586,605]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pernambuco</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45733881243C6B90A6C7EFDA6" author="Calder DR &amp; Mayal EM" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="69 - 78" refId="ref47689" refString="Calder DR, Mayal EM (1998) Dry season distribution of hydroids in a small tropical estuary, Pernambuco, Brazil. Zoologische Verhandelingen 323: 69 - 78." type="journal article" year="1998">Calder and Maÿal 1998</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F7573388124474B9286C80FDA6" box="[875,930,616,635]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bahia</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45733881244B2B9286BA7FDA6" author="Grohmann PA &amp; Nogueira CC &amp; Silva VMAP" box="[941,1157,616,636]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref48696" refString="Grohmann PA, Nogueira CC, Silva VMAP (2003) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) collected on the continental shelf of Brazil during the Geomar X Oceanographic Operation. Zootaxa 299: 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="2003">Grohmann et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F757338812438BB9286A38FDA6" box="[1172,1306,616,635]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573388124239B9286CAEFD44" author="Grohmann PA &amp; Souza MM &amp; Nogueira CC" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="227 - 232" refId="ref48824" refString="Grohmann PA, Souza MM, Nogueira CC (1997) Hydroids from the vicinity of a large industrial area in Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil. Proceedings of the 6 th International Conference on Coelenterate Biology 1995: 227 - 232." type="journal article" year="1997">Grohmann et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F7573388124482B9C66CD8FD44" box="[925,1018,646,665]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457338812431AB9C66BA9FD44" author="Migotto AE" box="[1029,1163,646,666]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref50248" refString="Migotto AE (1996) Benthic shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the coast of Sao Sebastiao, Brazil, including a checklist of Brazilian hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen 306: 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1996">Migotto 1996</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457338812438CB9C66A68FD44" author="Oliveira OMP &amp; Marques AC &amp; Migotto AE" box="[1171,1354,646,665]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref51287" refString="Oliveira OMP, Marques AC, Migotto AE (2006) Chave de identificacao dos hidroides (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) epifiticos do Canal de Sao Sebastiao (SE, Brasil). Biota Neotropica 6: 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032006000200025" type="journal article" year="2006">Oliveira et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457338812424EB9C66CCDFD6A" author="Cunha AF &amp; Jacobucci GB" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="945 - 955" refId="ref48014" refString="Cunha AF, Jacobucci GB (2010) Seasonal variation of epiphytic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) associated to a subtropical Sargassum cymosum (Phaeophyta: Fucales) bed. Zoologia (Curitiba) 27: 945 - 955. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1984 - 46702010000600016" type="journal article" year="2010">
<collectingCountry id="8895B98557338812424EB9C66AB6FD44" box="[1361,1428,646,665]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cunha</collectingCountry>
and Jacobucci 2010
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45733881244E4B9E46A32FD6A" author="Oliveira OMP &amp; Marques AC" box="[1019,1296,676,695]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="786 - 795" refId="ref51238" refString="Oliveira OMP, Marques AC (2011) Global and local patterns in the use of macrophytes as substrata by hydroids (Hydrozoa: Anthoathecata and Leptothecata). Marine Biology Research 7: 786 - 795. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000.2011.57864 7" type="journal article" year="2011">Oliveira and Marques 2011</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573388124202B9E46CECFD08" author="Silveira FL &amp; Morandini AC" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref52113" refString="Silveira FL, Morandini AC (2011) Checklist dos Cnidaria do Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil. Biota Neotropica 11: 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / s 1676 - 06032011000500016" type="journal article" year="2011">Silveira and Morandini 2011</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45733881244C5B9826B97FD08" author="Fernandez MO &amp; Navarrete SA &amp; Marques AC" box="[986,1205,706,725]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="144 - 152" refId="ref48130" refString="Fernandez MO, Navarrete SA, Marques AC (2014) Temporal variation in richness and composition of recruits in a diverse cnidarian assemblage of subtropical Brazil. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 460: 144 - 152." type="journal article" year="2014">Fernandez et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45733881243DEB9826BD7FD08" author="Fernandez MO &amp; Navarrete SA &amp; Marques AC" box="[1217,1269,706,725]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="492 - 503" refId="ref48171" refString="Fernandez MO, Navarrete SA, Marques AC (2015) A comparison of temporal turnover of species from benthic cnidarian assemblages in tropical and subtropical harbours. Marine Biology Research 11: 492 - 503. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000.2014.955804" type="journal article" year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
), and Santa Catarina (
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457338812446FB9A06B14FD2E" author="Miranda TP &amp; Haddad MA &amp; Shimabukuro V &amp; Dubiaski-Silva J &amp; Marques AC" box="[880,1078,736,755]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="331 - 353" refId="ref50542" refString="Miranda TP, Haddad MA, Shimabukuro V, Dubiaski-Silva J, Marques AC (2011) Fauna de hidroides (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) da regiao de Bombinhas, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Biota Neotropica 11: 331 - 353." type="journal article" year="2011">Miranda et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
). World distribution considered a circumglobal species with records from tropical and temperate waters of Mediterranean Sea, Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean (
<bibRefCitation id="941384E457338812442FB8796C91FC91" author="Millard NAH" box="[816,947,825,844]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 513" refId="ref50466" refString="Millard NAH (1975) Monograph on the Hydroida of Southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 68: 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">Millard 1975</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E45733881244A2B8796B7EFC91" author="Schuchert P" box="[957,1116,825,844]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="325 - 410" refId="ref51725" refString="Schuchert P (2006) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Capitata Part 1. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 113 (2): 325 - 410. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80356" type="journal article" year="2006">Schuchert 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF91557338812447AB8176AA9FC3F" blockId="5.[807,1430,198,994]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Remarks:Polyps found on plates, Bryozoa,
<taxonomicName id="378282965733881243EDB8176A7BFCB6" box="[1266,1369,855,875]" class="Polychaeta" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="class">Polychaeta</taxonomicName>
tubes,
<taxonomicName id="37828296573388124438B8356CD0FC55" authority=", Ascidiacea" authorityName="Ascidiacea" box="[807,1010,885,904]" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Ostreidae, Ascidiacea</taxonomicName>
, barnacles (Cirripedia), and on the hydroids
<taxonomicName id="37828296573388124438B8D36B34FC78" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[807,1046,915,934]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Corydendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parasiticum">
<emphasis id="C2F62507573388124438B8D36B34FC78" box="[807,1046,915,934]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Corydendrium parasiticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="3782829657338812433DB8D36BE3FC7B" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[1058,1217,915,934]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Diphasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="digitalis">
<emphasis id="C2F6250757338812433DB8D36BE3FC7B" box="[1058,1217,915,934]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diphasia digitalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="378282965733881243D4B8D36AACFC7B" authorityName="Watson" authorityYear="1985" box="[1227,1422,915,934]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="merulum">
<emphasis id="C2F625075733881243D4B8D36AACFC7B" box="[1227,1422,915,934]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eudendrium merulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="37828296573388124436B8F16CEEFC19" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1914" box="[809,972,945,964]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="oxydentata">
<emphasis id="C2F62507573388124436B8F16CEEFC19" box="[809,972,945,964]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Obelia oxydentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="C2F625075733881244C8B8F16B5BFC19" box="[983,1145,945,964]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="378282965733881244C8B8F16B57FC19" authorityName="Goldfuss" authorityYear="1820" box="[983,1141,945,964]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pennariidae" genus="Pennaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="disticha">Pennaria disticha</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="378282965733881243BAB8F16A40FC19" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1900" box="[1189,1378,945,964]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="floridana">
<emphasis id="C2F625075733881243BAB8F16A40FC19" box="[1189,1378,945,964]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Plumularia floridana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="37828296573388124271B8F16CE7FC3C" authorityName="Rotch" authorityYear="1871" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladocorynidae" genus="Cladocoryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="floccosa">
<emphasis id="C2F62507573388124271B8F16CE7FC3C" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cladocoryne floccosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found fertile in the rainy and dry seasons.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<taxonomicName id="37828296573D881C47E2BA7D6DBFFE85" ID-CoL="3BZHY" authority="Clarke, 1882" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1882" box="[253,669,317,344]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="carneum">
<emphasis id="C2F62507573D881C47E2BA7D6EDAFE85" box="[253,504,317,344]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Eudendrium carneum</emphasis>
Clarke, 1882
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<paragraph id="F03DF915573D881C4681BA256EDFFEA4" blockId="11.[253,669,317,377]" box="[414,509,357,377]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<figureCitation id="68B9E590573D881C4681BA256EDFFEA4" box="[414,509,357,377]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="12.[159,217,1413,1433]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,197,1399]" captionTargetId="figure-211@12.[159,1436,197,1399]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 5. (A-C) Eudendrium merulum: (A) detail of one male colony showing hydranths and gonophores (red arrows); (B) detail of female colony showing hydranths and gonophores (red arrows); (C) detail of a hydranth showing the two groups of nematocysts characteristic of the species (red arrows); (D-G) Eudendrium carneum: (D) part of a female colony without hydranths highlighting the gonophores (red arrows); (E) an undischarged nematocyst; (F) a discharged nematocyst; (G) detail of two female gonophores." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176491/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5DG</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915573D881C4788BACD6D65FE7C" blockId="11.[151,773,397,673]" box="[151,583,397,417]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Synonyms available from:
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573D881C4690BACD6D66FE7C" author="Schuchert P" box="[399,580,397,417]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="677 - 757" refId="ref51853" refString="Schuchert P (2008 b) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera Part 4. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 115: 677 - 757." type="journal article" year="2008">Schuchert (2008b)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="B898AA9E573D881C4788BAE66E31FD7C" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F03DF915573D881C4788BAE66E0EFD88" blockId="11.[151,773,397,673]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName id="37828296573D881C4788BAE66D31FE66" ID-CoL="3BZHY" authority="Clarke, 1882: 137" authorityName="Clarke" authorityPageNumber="137" authorityYear="1882" box="[151,531,422,443]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="carneum">
<emphasis id="C2F62507573D881C4788BAE66E7BFE67" box="[151,345,422,442]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Eudendrium carneum</emphasis>
Clarke, 1882: 137
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 7 figs 1017, Fraser, 1944: 64, pl. 8 fig. 36, Vervoort, 1968: 8,
<treatmentCitation id="7123DF04573D881C454ABA816C22FE08" author="Millard NAH" box="[597,768,449,469]" page="82" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1975">
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573D881C454ABA816C22FE08" author="Millard NAH" box="[597,768,449,469]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 513" refId="ref50466" refString="Millard NAH (1975) Monograph on the Hydroida of Southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 68: 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">Millard, 1975: 82</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 28,
<treatmentCitation id="7123DF04573D881C4619BA9A6EE6FE33" author="Watson JE" box="[262,452,474,494]" page="202" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1985">
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573D881C4619BA9A6EE6FE33" author="Watson JE" box="[262,452,474,494]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="179 - 221" refId="ref52826" refString="Watson JE (1985) The genus Eudendrium (Hydrozoa: Hydroida) from Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 97: 179 - 221." type="journal article" year="1985">Watson, 1985: 202</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 5962, Wedler and Larson, 1986: 84, fig. 6Ba, b,
<treatmentCitation id="7123DF04573D881C4695BAB46D0CFDD5" author="Calder DR" box="[394,558,500,520]" page="43" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1988">
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573D881C4695BAB46D0CFDD5" author="Calder DR" box="[394,558,500,520]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 107" refId="ref47250" refString="Calder DR (1988) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Athecatae. Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum 148: 1 - 107." type="journal article" year="1988">Calder, 1988: 43</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 3335,
<treatmentCitation id="7123DF04573D881C45B6BAB46E8FFDFC" author="Bavestrello G &amp; Piraino S" page="197" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1991">
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573D881C45B6BAB46E8FFDFC" author="Bavestrello G &amp; Piraino S" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="197 - 207" refId="ref46871" refString="Bavestrello G, Piraino S (1991) On two Eudendrium (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) species from the Mediterranean Sea. Oebalia 17: 197 - 207." type="journal article" year="1991">Bavestrello and Piraino, 1991: 197</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 1ac, Marinopoulos, 1992: 57, fig. 2.3,
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et al., 2000a: 90
</bibRefCitation>
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, figs 3541,
<treatmentCitation id="7123DF04573D881C4568B9676E0AFD88" author="Marques AC &amp; Pena Cantero AL &amp; Vervoort W" page="206" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="2000">
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et al., 2000b: 206
</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915573D881C4788B91A6E31FD7C" blockId="11.[151,773,397,673]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D092DE3B573D881C4788B91A6E31FD7C" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="37828296573D881C4788B91A6D4BFDB3" ID-CoL="3BZJ7" authority="Kirkpatrick, 1910: 127" authorityName="Kirkpatrick" authorityPageNumber="127" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,617,602,622]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cunninghami">
<emphasis id="C2F62507573D881C4788B91A6EA0FDB3" box="[151,386,602,622]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Eudendrium cunninghami</emphasis>
Kirkpatrick, 1910: 127
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 7 figs 13,
<treatmentCitation id="7123DF04573D881C47AAB9346EA3FD55" author="Vannucci M" box="[181,385,628,648]" page="101" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1954">
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573D881C47AAB9346EA3FD55" author="Vannucci M" box="[181,385,628,648]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="95 - 149" refId="ref52562" refString="Vannucci M (1954) Hydrozoa e Scyphozoa existentes no Instituto Oceanografico. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 5: 95 - 149. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0373 - 55241954000100005" type="journal article" year="1954">Vannucci, 1954: 101</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, synonym,
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<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573D881C46EEB9346C22FD55" author="Marques AC &amp; Pena Cantero AL &amp; Vervoort W" box="[497,768,628,648]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="197 - 213" refId="ref49695" refString="Marques AC, Pena Cantero AL, Vervoort W (2000 b) Mediterranean species of Eudendrium Ehrenberg, 1834 (Hydrozoa, Anthomedusae, Eudendriidae) with the description of a new species. Journal of Zoology, London 252: 197 - 213." type="journal article" year="2000">
<collectingRegion id="324637F7573D881C46EEB9346D61FD55" box="[497,579,628,648]" country="Italy" name="Marche" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Marques</collectingRegion>
et al., 2000b: 207
</bibRefCitation>
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, synonym.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B898AA9E573D881C47CBB9F36A7DFD08" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
<paragraph id="F03DF915573D881C47CBB9F36DDBFAE7" blockId="11.[149,773,691,1786]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Description: The material was in poor condition, mostly fragmented, without hydranths or with much-degenerated hydranths. Colonies erect and bushy. Stem long, monosiphonic, up to
<quantity id="377A54F0573D881C47EBB84D6E05FCFD" box="[244,295,781,800]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="cm" value="9.0">9 cm</quantity>
high,
<quantity id="377A54F0573D881C4674B84D6ECDFCFD" box="[363,495,781,800]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7999999999999998" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="0.18" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.16">0.160.2 mm</quantity>
wide, forming intercrossed aggregates. Hydrocladium divided into varying degrees, with terminal hydranths on pedicels of variable length. Perisarc thick, annulated at the base of branches and pedicels, less frequently annulated between pedicels and in their distal parts. Hydranths partially degenerated
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high,
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wide. One whorl of 1016 filiform tentacles inserted just above the medial region of the hydranth. The form of the hypostome was not noticeable. Mature and spent gonophores surrounded by perisarc without traces of the hydranth, up to
<quantity id="377A54F0573D881C454EBF5A6DBEFBF0" box="[593,668,1050,1069]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
high,
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wide. Only female gonophores present, arising as sporosacs on short pedicels with some perisarcal annulations. One to six sporosacs per blastostyle, each with
<specimenCount id="E684329C573D881C46ECBF346D62FB5A" box="[499,576,1140,1159]" count="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="egg">one egg</specimenCount>
. Spadices bifurcated and curved over the sporosac. Eggs are encased in a perisarc cover, typically with two fenestrations per egg. Nematocysts of
<specimenCount id="E684329C573D881C4788BF8D6FD4FB3D" box="[151,246,1229,1248]" count="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
: anisorhiza undischarged (7.47.9 × 3.43.9 µm); small eurytele undischarged (15.418.5 × 9.812.5 µm) and discharged (15.316.3 × 8.211.2 µm) and large undischarged (27.934.5 × 14.618.4 µm) and discharged (23.329. 9 × 16.217.2 µm).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915573D881C47CBBE046FFEFA4E" blockId="11.[149,773,691,1786]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Material examined: PCS abundant colonies, few with female gonophores, from dry and rainy seasons. CZUFS CNI-00086.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915573D881C47CBBEDE6DBBFA6C" blockId="11.[149,773,691,1786]" box="[212,665,1438,1457]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Stations: PCS 1, 2, 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915573D881C47CBBEFC6D2CFA12" blockId="11.[149,773,691,1786]" box="[212,526,1467,1487]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Bottom: gravel, sand, and mud.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915573D881C47CBBE9A6B29FEEE" blockId="11.[149,773,691,1786]" lastBlockId="11.[807,1429,198,725]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Distribution:
<collectingCountry id="8895B985573D881C4640BE9A6EB5FA30" box="[351,407,1498,1517]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Brazil</collectingCountry>
<collectingRegion id="324637F7573D881C46ABBE9A6ECFFA30" box="[436,493,1498,1517]" country="Brazil" name="Ceara" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ceará</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573D881C46E2BE9A6DEDFA30" author="Marques AC &amp; Shimabukuro V &amp; Morandini AC &amp; Migotto AE" box="[509,719,1498,1517]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="71 - 112" refId="ref49741" refString="Marques AC, Shimabukuro V, Morandini AC, Migotto AE (2006) Cnidaria Medusozoa do litoral do estado do Ceara. In: Matthews-Cascon H, Lotufo TMC (Eds) Biota marinha da costa este do Ceara. Ministerio do Meio Ambiente Pronabio, Brasilia, 71 - 112." type="book chapter" year="2006">Marques et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
, Shimabukuro et al. 2006), Fernando de Noronha (
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573D881C457DBEB86DDDF9D6" author="Pires DO &amp; Castro CB &amp; Migotto AE &amp; Marques AC" box="[610,767,1528,1547]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 21" refId="ref51420" refString="Pires DO, Castro CB, Migotto AE, Marques AC (1992) Cnidarios bentonicos do Arquipelago de Fernando de Noronha, Brasil. Boletim do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro 354: 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="1992">Pires et al. 1992</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573D881C4788BD556E72F9F4" author="Amaral FMD &amp; Ramos CAC &amp; Leao ZMAN &amp; Kikuchi RKP &amp; Lima KKM &amp; Longo LL &amp; Cordeiro RTS &amp; Lira SMA &amp; Vasconcelos SL" box="[151,336,1557,1577]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="277 - 290" refId="ref46577" refString="Amaral FMD, Ramos CAC, Leao ZMAN, Kikuchi RKP, Lima KKM, Longo LL, Cordeiro RTS, Lira SMA, Vasconcelos SL (2009) Checklist and morphometry of benthic cnidarians from the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 50: 277 - 290." type="journal article" year="2009">Amaral et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F7573D881C467EBD556EBBF9F5" box="[353,409,1557,1576]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Bahia</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573D881C46B9BD556DE9F9F4" author="Kelmo F &amp; Santa-Isabel LMS" box="[422,715,1557,1577]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="61 - 72" refId="ref49147" refString="Kelmo F, Santa-Isabel LMS (1998) The athecatae hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Northern Bahia, Brazil. Revista de Biologia Tropical 5: 61 - 72." type="journal article" year="1998">Kelmo and Santa-Isabel 1998</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F7573D881C45C3BD566FD1F99B" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pernambuco</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573D881C47E1BD736EC2F99B" author="Calder DR &amp; Mayal EM" box="[254,480,1587,1607]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="69 - 78" refId="ref47689" refString="Calder DR, Mayal EM (1998) Dry season distribution of hydroids in a small tropical estuary, Pernambuco, Brazil. Zoologische Verhandelingen 323: 69 - 78." type="journal article" year="1998">Calder and Maÿal 1998</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F7573D881C46F1BD736D56F99B" box="[494,628,1587,1606]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573D881C4560BD736FC7F9B9" author="Grohmann PA &amp; Souza MM &amp; Nogueira CC" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="227 - 232" refId="ref48824" refString="Grohmann PA, Souza MM, Nogueira CC (1997) Hydroids from the vicinity of a large industrial area in Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil. Proceedings of the 6 th International Conference on Coelenterate Biology 1995: 227 - 232." type="journal article" year="1997">Grohmann et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573D881C47F0BD116E01F9B9" author="Grohmann PA &amp; Nogueira CC &amp; Silva VMAP" box="[239,291,1617,1636]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref48696" refString="Grohmann PA, Nogueira CC, Silva VMAP (2003) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) collected on the continental shelf of Brazil during the Geomar X Oceanographic Operation. Zootaxa 299: 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F7573D881C462CBD116E9EF9B9" box="[307,444,1617,1636]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573D881C46D7BD116DB0F9B9" author="Nogueira CC &amp; Grohmann PA &amp; Silva VMAP" box="[456,658,1617,1637]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref50822" refString="Nogueira CC, Grohmann PA, Silva VMAP (1997) Hydroids from the vicinity of a nuclear power plant site (CNAAA-Unidade I) at Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Proceedings of the 6 th International Conference on Coelenterate Biology: 365 - 369, available online at: https: // www. researchgate. net / publication / 279450354 _ Hydroids _ from _ the _ vicinity _ of _ a _ nuclear _ power _ plant _ site _ CNAAA-Unidade _ I _ at _ Angra _ dos _ Reis _ Rio _ de _ Janeiro _ Brazil [Accessed: 10 / 04 / 2019]" type="url" year="1997">Nogueira et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F7573D881C45BDBD116C23F9B9" box="[674,769,1617,1636]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573D881C4782BD2F6E4EF95F" author="Marques AC" box="[157,364,1647,1666]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="329 - 405" refId="ref49495" refString="Marques AC (2001) O genero Eudendrium (Hydrozoa, Anthomedusae, Eudendriidae) no Brasil. Papes Avulsos de Zoologia 41 (22): 329 - 405." type="journal article" year="2001">Marques et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573D881C4666BD2F6D82F95F" author="Silveira FL &amp; Morandini AC" box="[377,672,1647,1666]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref52113" refString="Silveira FL, Morandini AC (2011) Checklist dos Cnidaria do Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil. Biota Neotropica 11: 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / s 1676 - 06032011000500016" type="journal article" year="2011">Silveira and Morandini 2011</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573D881C45B1BD2F6E25F97D" author="Marques AC &amp; Kloh AS &amp; Migotto AE &amp; Cabral AC &amp; Rigo APR &amp; Bettim AL" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="265 - 285" refId="ref49563" refString="Marques AC, Kloh AS, Migotto AE, Cabral AC, Rigo APR, Bettim AL, et al. (2013) Rapid assessment survey of exotic benthic species in the Sao Sebastiao Channel, Brazil. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 41: 265 - 285." type="journal article" year="2013">Marques et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573D881C460BBDCD6ED1F97D" author="Fernandez MO &amp; Navarrete SA &amp; Marques AC" box="[276,499,1677,1696]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="144 - 152" refId="ref48130" refString="Fernandez MO, Navarrete SA, Marques AC (2014) Temporal variation in richness and composition of recruits in a diverse cnidarian assemblage of subtropical Brazil. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 460: 144 - 152." type="journal article" year="2014">Fernandez et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573D881C451FBDCD6D11F97D" author="Fernandez MO &amp; Navarrete SA &amp; Marques AC" box="[512,563,1677,1696]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="492 - 503" refId="ref48171" refString="Fernandez MO, Navarrete SA, Marques AC (2015) A comparison of temporal turnover of species from benthic cnidarian assemblages in tropical and subtropical harbours. Marine Biology Research 11: 492 - 503. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000.2014.955804" type="journal article" year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573D881C455FBDCC6DDAF97D" author="Alaja-Batista L &amp; Lins DM &amp; Haddad MA" box="[576,760,1676,1696]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref46292" refString="Alaja-Batista L, Lins DM, Haddad MA (2020) Diversity of estuarine and marine hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from subtropical ecosystems of Brazil. Marine Biodiversity 50: 97. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 020 - 01133 - 0" type="journal volume" year="2020">Alaja-Batista 2020</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="324637F7573D881C4788BDEB6FF8F963" box="[151,218,1707,1726]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Paraná</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573D881C47F5BDEA6EE7F963" author="Cangussu LC &amp; Altvater L &amp; Haddad MA &amp; Cabral AC &amp; Heyse HL &amp; Rocha RM" box="[234,453,1706,1726]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="219 - 231" refId="ref47720" refString="Cangussu LC, Altvater L, Haddad MA, Cabral AC, Heyse HL, Rocha RM (2010) Substrate type as a selective tool against colonization by non-native sessile invertebrates. Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 58: 219 - 231. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1679 - 87592010000300005" type="journal article" year="2010">Cangussu et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
), and
<collectingRegion id="324637F7573D881C4517BDEB6DBFF963" box="[520,669,1707,1726]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573D881C45B2BDEB6E26F901" author="Miranda TP &amp; Haddad MA &amp; Shimabukuro V &amp; Dubiaski-Silva J &amp; Marques AC" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="331 - 353" refId="ref50542" refString="Miranda TP, Haddad MA, Shimabukuro V, Dubiaski-Silva J, Marques AC (2011) Fauna de hidroides (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) da regiao de Bombinhas, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Biota Neotropica 11: 331 - 353." type="journal article" year="2011">Miranda et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573D881C460FBD896EEDF901" author="Bouzon JL &amp; Brandini FP &amp; Rocha RM" box="[272,463,1737,1756]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="39 - 47" refId="ref47083" refString="Bouzon JL, Brandini FP, Rocha RM (2012) Biodiversity of sessile fauna on rocky shores of coastal islands in Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. Marine Science 2: 39 - 47." type="journal article" year="2012">Bouzon et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
) (see other records in
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573D881C45ABBD896E2BF924" author="Oliveira OMP &amp; Miranda TP &amp; Araujo EM &amp; Ayon P &amp; Cedeno-Posso CM &amp; Cepeda-Mercado AA" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref51341" refString="Oliveira OMP, Miranda TP, Araujo EM, Ayon P, Cedeno-Posso CM, Cepeda-Mercado AA, et al. (2016) Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters. Zootaxa 4194: 001 - 256." type="journal volume" year="2016">Oliveira et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
). World distribution Mediterranean (
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573D881C4589BDA66CF6FF04" author="Bavestrello G &amp; Piraino S" box="[662,980,198,1785]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="197 - 207" refId="ref46871" refString="Bavestrello G, Piraino S (1991) On two Eudendrium (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) species from the Mediterranean Sea. Oebalia 17: 197 - 207." type="journal article" year="1991">Bavestrello and Piraino 1991</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573D881C44C1BB866B8DFF04" author="Marques AC &amp; Pena Cantero AL &amp; Vervoort W" box="[990,1199,198,217]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="197 - 213" refId="ref49695" refString="Marques AC, Pena Cantero AL, Vervoort W (2000 b) Mediterranean species of Eudendrium Ehrenberg, 1834 (Hydrozoa, Anthomedusae, Eudendriidae) with the description of a new species. Journal of Zoology, London 252: 197 - 213." type="journal article" year="2000">Marques et al. 2000b</bibRefCitation>
), from New
<collectingCountry id="8895B985573D881C4237BB866A58FF07" box="[1320,1402,198,218]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">England</collectingCountry>
to Florida (
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573D881C4466BBA46B6AFF2A" author="Marques AC &amp; Mergner H &amp; Hoinghaus R &amp; Santos CMD &amp; Vervoort W" box="[889,1096,228,247]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="75 - 118" refId="ref49614" refString="Marques AC, Mergner H, Hoinghaus R, Santos CMD, Vervoort W (2000 a) Morphological study and taxonomical notes on Eudendriidae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Athecatae / Anthomedusae). Zoologische Mededelingen 74: 75 - 118." type="journal article" year="2000">Marques et al. 2000a</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="8895B985573D881C4348BBA46BF3FF2A" box="[1111,1233,228,247]" name="South Africa" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573D881C43C3BBA46A7CFF2A" author="Millard NAH" box="[1244,1374,228,247]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 513" refId="ref50466" refString="Millard NAH (1975) Monograph on the Hydroida of Southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 68: 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">Millard 1975</bibRefCitation>
), and
<collectingCountry id="8895B985573D881C4437BA426C5DFEC8" box="[808,895,258,277]" name="Australia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573D881C4492BA426B30FEC8" author="Watson JE" box="[909,1042,258,277]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="179 - 221" refId="ref52826" refString="Watson JE (1985) The genus Eudendrium (Hydrozoa: Hydroida) from Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 97: 179 - 221." type="journal article" year="1985">Watson 1985</bibRefCitation>
) (see specific records in
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573D881C4218BA426AB6FEC8" author="Marques AC" box="[1287,1428,258,277]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="329 - 405" refId="ref49495" refString="Marques AC (2001) O genero Eudendrium (Hydrozoa, Anthomedusae, Eudendriidae) no Brasil. Papes Avulsos de Zoologia 41 (22): 329 - 405." type="journal article" year="2001">Marques 2001</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573D881C4449BA606B22FEEE" author="Schuchert P" box="[854,1024,288,307]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="677 - 757" refId="ref51853" refString="Schuchert P (2008 b) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera Part 4. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 115: 677 - 757." type="journal article" year="2008">Schuchert 2008b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915573D881C447ABA7D6B85FD44" blockId="11.[807,1429,198,725]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Taxonomic remarks: Despite the poor conditions of the colonies, the morphology of the female blastostyles and gonophores, and the cnidome agree with the diagnostic characteristics of
<taxonomicName id="37828296573D881C447BBAD86CE8FE77" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1882" box="[868,970,407,426]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="carneum">
<emphasis id="C2F62507573D881C447BBAD86C52FE77" box="[868,880,408,426]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C2F62507573D881C4463BAD86CE8FE77" box="[892,970,408,426]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">carneum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, namely: “
<taxonomicName id="37828296573D881C432EBAD76BBDFE77" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1834" box="[1073,1183,407,426]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C2F62507573D881C432EBAD76BBDFE77" box="[1073,1183,407,426]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Eudendrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with large hererotrichous anisorhizal nematocysts... Spadix of the female gonophore bifurcated... The oocytes, together with the blastostyle, are encased in a perisarc forming a capsule, in which there are typically two fenestrations per oocyte.” (
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573D881C432BB94F6BE1FDFF" author="Marques AC" box="[1076,1219,527,546]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="329 - 405" refId="ref49495" refString="Marques AC (2001) O genero Eudendrium (Hydrozoa, Anthomedusae, Eudendriidae) no Brasil. Papes Avulsos de Zoologia 41 (22): 329 - 405." type="journal article" year="2001">
<collectingRegion id="324637F7573D881C432BB94F6BA8FDFF" box="[1076,1162,527,546]" country="Italy" name="Marche" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Marques</collectingRegion>
2001
</bibRefCitation>
, 355356). Although
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573D881C4436B96D6CE7FD9D" author="Marques AC" box="[809,965,557,576]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="329 - 405" refId="ref49495" refString="Marques AC (2001) O genero Eudendrium (Hydrozoa, Anthomedusae, Eudendriidae) no Brasil. Papes Avulsos de Zoologia 41 (22): 329 - 405." type="journal article" year="2001">
<collectingRegion id="324637F7573D881C4436B96D6C5CFD9D" box="[809,894,557,576]" country="Italy" name="Marche" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Marques</collectingRegion>
(2001)
</bibRefCitation>
mentions the large hererotrichous anisorhizal
<typeStatus id="2F3947B7573D881C4435B90B6C77FD83" box="[810,853,587,606]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
as a character of
<taxonomicName id="37828296573D881C431BB90B6A12FD80" authority=", Schuchert (2008 b)" authorityName=", Schuchert" authorityYear="2008" box="[1028,1328,586,606]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="carneum">
<emphasis id="C2F62507573D881C431BB90B6B32FD80" box="[1028,1040,587,605]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C2F62507573D881C4302B90B6B4FFD80" box="[1053,1133,587,605]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">carneum</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573D881C4366B90A6A12FD80" author="Schuchert P" box="[1145,1328,586,605]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="677 - 757" refId="ref51853" refString="Schuchert P (2008 b) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera Part 4. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 115: 677 - 757." type="journal article" year="2008">Schuchert (2008b)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
mentions that these are also reported as isorhiza, and differentiating isorhiza from anisorhiza is not simple.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915573D881C447AB9E46A7DFD08" blockId="11.[807,1429,198,725]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Remarks: Few colonies found associated with a substratum; those are on Bryozoa, algae, and a thyroscyphid hydroid.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B898AA9E573D881C4499B9BB6A44FC16" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F03DF915573D881C4499B9BB6BAEFCE4" blockId="11.[902,1335,763,825]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="37828296573D881C4499B9BB6A15FCCB" ID-CoL="6GV3J" authority="Watson, 1985" authorityName="Watson" authorityYear="1985" box="[902,1335,763,790]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="merulum">
<emphasis id="C2F62507573D881C4499B9BB6BA1FCCB" box="[902,1155,763,790]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Eudendrium merulum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573D881C4394B9BB6A15FCCB" author="Watson JE" box="[1163,1335,763,790]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="179 - 221" refId="ref52826" refString="Watson JE (1985) The genus Eudendrium (Hydrozoa: Hydroida) from Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 97: 179 - 221." type="journal article" year="1985">Watson, 1985</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="68B9E590573D881C432EB8656BAEFCE4" box="[1073,1164,805,825]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="12.[159,217,1413,1433]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,197,1399]" captionTargetId="figure-211@12.[159,1436,197,1399]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 5. (A-C) Eudendrium merulum: (A) detail of one male colony showing hydranths and gonophores (red arrows); (B) detail of female colony showing hydranths and gonophores (red arrows); (C) detail of a hydranth showing the two groups of nematocysts characteristic of the species (red arrows); (D-G) Eudendrium carneum: (D) part of a female colony without hydranths highlighting the gonophores (red arrows); (E) an undischarged nematocyst; (F) a discharged nematocyst; (G) detail of two female gonophores." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176491/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5AC</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915573D881C4436B8106A44FC16" blockId="11.[809,1432,848,971]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D092DE3B573D881C4436B8106A44FC16" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<treatmentCitation id="7123DF04573D881C4436B8106B8DFCB8" author="Watson JE" box="[809,1199,848,869]" page="200" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1985">
<taxonomicName id="37828296573D881C4436B8106B8DFCB8" ID-CoL="6GV3J" authority="Watson, 1985: 200" authorityName="Watson" authorityPageNumber="200" authorityYear="1985" box="[809,1199,848,869]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="merulum">
<emphasis id="C2F62507573D881C4436B8106CC9FCB9" box="[809,1003,848,868]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Eudendrium merulum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573D881C44EBB8116B8DFCB8" author="Watson JE" box="[1012,1199,849,869]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="179 - 221" refId="ref52826" refString="Watson JE (1985) The genus Eudendrium (Hydrozoa: Hydroida) from Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 97: 179 - 221." type="journal article" year="1985">Watson, 1985: 200</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 53-58,
<treatmentCitation id="7123DF04573D881C422FB8116B07FCA2" author="Bavestrello G &amp; Piraino S" page="200" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1991">
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573D881C422FB8116B07FCA2" author="Bavestrello G &amp; Piraino S" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="197 - 207" refId="ref46871" refString="Bavestrello G, Piraino S (1991) On two Eudendrium (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) species from the Mediterranean Sea. Oebalia 17: 197 - 207." type="journal article" year="1991">Bavestrello and Piraino, 1991: 200</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 24,
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<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573D881C4390B82B6AB1FCA2" author="Marques AC &amp; Mergner H &amp; Hoinghaus R &amp; Santos CMD &amp; Vervoort W" box="[1167,1427,875,895]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="75 - 118" refId="ref49614" refString="Marques AC, Mergner H, Hoinghaus R, Santos CMD, Vervoort W (2000 a) Morphological study and taxonomical notes on Eudendriidae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Athecatae / Anthomedusae). Zoologische Mededelingen 74: 75 - 118." type="journal article" year="2000">
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et al., 2000a: 100
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 6466,
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<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573D881C44DBB8C46BF0FC45" author="Marques AC &amp; Pena Cantero AL &amp; Vervoort W" box="[964,1234,900,920]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="197 - 213" refId="ref49695" refString="Marques AC, Pena Cantero AL, Vervoort W (2000 b) Mediterranean species of Eudendrium Ehrenberg, 1834 (Hydrozoa, Anthomedusae, Eudendriidae) with the description of a new species. Journal of Zoology, London 252: 197 - 213." type="journal article" year="2000">
<collectingRegion id="324637F7573D881C44DBB8C46B35FC45" box="[964,1047,900,920]" country="Italy" name="Marche" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Marques</collectingRegion>
et al., 2000b: 203
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
,
<treatmentCitation id="7123DF04573D881C43F9B8C46B74FC6F" author="Pena Cantero AL &amp; Garcia Carrascosa AM" page="30" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="2002">
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573D881C43F9B8C46B74FC6F" author="Pena Cantero AL &amp; Garcia Carrascosa AM" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 180" refId="ref51386" refString="Pena Cantero AL, Garcia Carrascosa AM (2002) The benthic hydroid fauna of the Chafarinas Islands (Alboran Sea, western Mediterranean). Zoologische Verhandelingen 337: 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="2002">Peña Cantero and García Carrascosa, 2002: 30</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 5a, b, Bouillon et al., 2004: 59, fig. 35AG,
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<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573D881C44F8B8F76BD7FC16" author="Schuchert P" box="[999,1269,951,971]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="677 - 757" refId="ref51853" refString="Schuchert P (2008 b) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera Part 4. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 115: 677 - 757." type="journal article" year="2008">Schuchert, 2008b: 717719</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 19, 20.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B898AA9E573D881A447AB89D6EEDFDD9" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
<paragraph id="F03DF915573D881C447AB89D6B88F95C" blockId="11.[807,1431,989,1785]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Description: Male and female colonies, up to
<quantity id="377A54F0573D881C4252B89D6AB7FC2C" box="[1357,1429,989,1009]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="cm" value="8.3">8.3 cm</quantity>
high. Some colonies form aggregates with stems intertwined. Stem monosiphonic,
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in diameter, divided into more than one order, arising from a creeping hydrorhiza. Perisarc thick, smooth, with annulations at the base of pedicels and at the main stem above the insertion of the hydrocladia. Hydranths thin,
<quantity id="377A54F0573D881C44D0BFD16B7EFB79" box="[975,1116,1169,1188]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.15" metricValueMax="9.2" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="0.615" valueMax="0.92" valueMin="0.31">0.310.92 mm</quantity>
high,
<quantity id="377A54F0573D881C4384BFD06A0BFB79" box="[1179,1321,1168,1188]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" metricValueMax="5.4" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="0.415" valueMax="0.54" valueMin="0.29">0.290.54 mm</quantity>
wide, with a trumpet-shaped hypostome. Hydranths with one whorl of 1622 filiform tentacles, inserted just below the hypostome. Fixed gonophores with wrinkled perisarc emerging from long pedicels in the male colonies and short ones in the female colonies. Hypostomes and tentacles in male blastostyles were completely reduced. One to three sporosacs per blastostyles, with 34 chambers each, connected by sporosac constraints. First chamber 90114
<emphasis id="C2F62507573D881C44C9BEC16CC1FA4F" bold="true" box="[982,995,1409,1426]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">×</emphasis>
7476 µm and the last 122174
<emphasis id="C2F62507573D881C4232BEC16A18FA4F" bold="true" box="[1325,1338,1409,1426]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">×</emphasis>
115159 µm. Hydranth partially or completely reduced in the female blastostyle, without hypostome. Female blastostyle up to
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high and up to
<quantity id="377A54F0573D881C431DBE996B7CFA31" box="[1026,1118,1497,1516]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.01" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="3.01">3.01 mm</quantity>
wide. Female sporosac with a simple curved spadix over it. A single egg per sporosac and 4 to 7 sporosacs per blastostyle. Macrobasic euryteles undischarged (23.426.8
<emphasis id="C2F62507573D881C4482BD756C88F99B" bold="true" box="[925,938,1589,1606]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">×</emphasis>
9.610.8 µm). Two groups of large microbasic euryteles aligned one at the base of the hydranth and the other at the base of the hypostome (
<figureCitation id="68B9E590573D881C434ABD2E6BBCF95C" box="[1109,1182,1646,1666]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="12.[159,217,1413,1433]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,197,1399]" captionTargetId="figure-211@12.[159,1436,197,1399]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 5. (A-C) Eudendrium merulum: (A) detail of one male colony showing hydranths and gonophores (red arrows); (B) detail of female colony showing hydranths and gonophores (red arrows); (C) detail of a hydranth showing the two groups of nematocysts characteristic of the species (red arrows); (D-G) Eudendrium carneum: (D) part of a female colony without hydranths highlighting the gonophores (red arrows); (E) an undischarged nematocyst; (F) a discharged nematocyst; (G) detail of two female gonophores." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176491/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915573D881C447ABDCC6AA2F924" blockId="11.[807,1431,989,1785]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Material examined: VB abundant colonies, two with female and two with male gonophores, from the dry and rainy season; SE few infertile colonies from the dry season. CZUFS CNI-00045; CNI-00090; CNI-00091; CNI-00238; CNI-00239.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F03DF915573A881B4780BEC56B86FA2F" blockId="12.[158,1436,1412,1522]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Figure 5. (A-C)
<taxonomicName id="37828296573A881B4630BEC46ECDFA45" authorityName="Watson" authorityYear="1985" box="[303,495,1412,1432]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="merulum">
<emphasis id="C2F62507573A881B4630BEC46ECDFA45" box="[303,495,1412,1432]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Eudendrium merulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: (A) detail of one male colony showing hydranths and gonophores (red arrows); (B) detail of female colony showing hydranths and gonophores (red arrows); (C) detail of a hydranth showing the two groups of nematocysts characteristic of the species (red arrows); (D-G)
<taxonomicName id="37828296573A881B46C1BE806DBFFA09" authorityName=", Schuchert" authorityYear="2008" box="[478,669,1472,1492]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="carneum">
<emphasis id="C2F62507573A881B46C1BE806DBFFA09" box="[478,669,1472,1492]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Eudendrium carneum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: (D) part of a female colony without hydranths highlighting the gonophores (red arrows); (E) an undischarged nematocyst; (F) a discharged nematocyst; (G) detail of two female gonophores.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F03DF915573A881B47C4BD686DB4F984" blockId="12.[157,779,1576,1775]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Stations: VB C1P12, C1P34, C1P56, C2P12, C2P34, C2P56, C3P34, C3P56; SE C3P12, C3P34, C3P56.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915573A881A47C4BD246DE6FE51" blockId="12.[157,779,1576,1775]" lastBlockId="13.[150,771,198,516]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Distribution:
<collectingCountry id="8895B985573A881B467EBD246EBAF9AA" box="[353,408,1636,1655]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Brazil</collectingCountry>
the only record of this species from
<collectingCountry id="8895B985573A881B4781BDC26FF6F948" box="[158,212,1666,1685]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Brazil</collectingCountry>
is to
<collectingRegion id="324637F7573A881B461BBDC26EB2F948" box="[260,400,1666,1685]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573A881B4684BDC26D04F948" author="Marques AC" box="[411,550,1666,1685]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="329 - 405" refId="ref49495" refString="Marques AC (2001) O genero Eudendrium (Hydrozoa, Anthomedusae, Eudendriidae) no Brasil. Papes Avulsos de Zoologia 41 (22): 329 - 405." type="journal article" year="2001">Marques 2001</bibRefCitation>
), however, this record is considered doubtful (
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573A881B4675BDE06ED4F96E" author="Marques AC" box="[362,502,1696,1715]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="329 - 405" refId="ref49495" refString="Marques AC (2001) O genero Eudendrium (Hydrozoa, Anthomedusae, Eudendriidae) no Brasil. Papes Avulsos de Zoologia 41 (22): 329 - 405." type="journal article" year="2001">Marques 2001</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573A881B46E1BDE06D90F96E" author="Oliveira OMP &amp; Marques AC &amp; Migotto AE" box="[510,690,1696,1715]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref51287" refString="Oliveira OMP, Marques AC, Migotto AE (2006) Chave de identificacao dos hidroides (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) epifiticos do Canal de Sao Sebastiao (SE, Brasil). Biota Neotropica 6: 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032006000200025" type="journal article" year="2006">Oliveira et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
) because the specimens examined by
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573A881B46B0BDFE6D65F90C" author="Marques AC" box="[431,583,1726,1745]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="329 - 405" refId="ref49495" refString="Marques AC (2001) O genero Eudendrium (Hydrozoa, Anthomedusae, Eudendriidae) no Brasil. Papes Avulsos de Zoologia 41 (22): 329 - 405." type="journal article" year="2001">Marques (2001)</bibRefCitation>
were in poor condition. The author also stated an important difference between the specimens that he observed and the
<typeStatus id="2F3947B7573A881B438EBD696B9EF9E1" box="[1169,1212,1577,1596]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
material of
<taxonomicName id="37828296573A881B422FBD696ABEF9E6" authorityName="Watson" authorityYear="1985" box="[1328,1436,1576,1596]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="merulum">
<emphasis id="C2F62507573A881B422FBD696A1EF9E6" box="[1328,1340,1577,1595]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C2F62507573A881B4256BD686ABEF9E6" box="[1353,1436,1576,1595]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">merulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that had nematocysts arranged in a “gland ring” (
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573A881B420BBD066ABAF984" author="Watson JE" box="[1300,1432,1606,1625]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="179 - 221" refId="ref52826" refString="Watson JE (1985) The genus Eudendrium (Hydrozoa: Hydroida) from Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 97: 179 - 221." type="journal article" year="1985">Watson 1985</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573A881B4430BD246CFDF9AA" author="Schuchert P" box="[815,991,1636,1655]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="677 - 757" refId="ref51853" refString="Schuchert P (2008 b) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera Part 4. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 115: 677 - 757." type="journal article" year="2008">Schuchert 2008b</bibRefCitation>
). This gland-ring was observed in material from
<collectingRegion id="324637F7573A881B4476BDC16C92F948" box="[873,944,1665,1685]" country="Brazil" name="Sergipe" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Sergipe</collectingRegion>
as a group of nematocysts alined in the inferior region of hypostome and another group at hydranth base (
<figureCitation id="68B9E590573A881B4267BDDF6C6CF90D" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="12.[159,217,1413,1433]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,197,1399]" captionTargetId="figure-211@12.[159,1436,197,1399]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 5. (A-C) Eudendrium merulum: (A) detail of one male colony showing hydranths and gonophores (red arrows); (B) detail of female colony showing hydranths and gonophores (red arrows); (C) detail of a hydranth showing the two groups of nematocysts characteristic of the species (red arrows); (D-G) Eudendrium carneum: (D) part of a female colony without hydranths highlighting the gonophores (red arrows); (E) an undischarged nematocyst; (F) a discharged nematocyst; (G) detail of two female gonophores." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176491/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
, red arrows). World distribution
<collectingCountry id="8895B985573A881B43B9BDFE6BDFF90C" box="[1190,1277,1726,1745]" name="Australia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573A881B4214BDFE6AB2F90D" author="Watson JE" box="[1291,1424,1725,1745]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="179 - 221" refId="ref52826" refString="Watson JE (1985) The genus Eudendrium (Hydrozoa: Hydroida) from Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 97: 179 - 221." type="journal article" year="1985">Watson 1985</bibRefCitation>
), western and eastern Mediterranean (
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573A881A43B2BD9B6FE8FF04" author="Bavestrello G &amp; Piraino S" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="197 - 207" refId="ref46871" refString="Bavestrello G, Piraino S (1991) On two Eudendrium (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) species from the Mediterranean Sea. Oebalia 17: 197 - 207." type="journal article" year="1991">Bavestrello and Piraino 1991</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573B881A47CCBB866E82FF04" author="Marques AC &amp; Mergner H &amp; Hoinghaus R &amp; Santos CMD &amp; Vervoort W" box="[211,416,198,217]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="75 - 118" refId="ref49614" refString="Marques AC, Mergner H, Hoinghaus R, Santos CMD, Vervoort W (2000 a) Morphological study and taxonomical notes on Eudendriidae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Athecatae / Anthomedusae). Zoologische Mededelingen 74: 75 - 118." type="journal article" year="2000">Marques et al. 2000a</bibRefCitation>
, Peña Cantero and García Carracosa 2002), Black Sea, Canary islands, Gulf of Biscaya and English Channel (
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573B881A47E3BA426E8DFEC8" author="Schuchert P" box="[252,431,258,277]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="677 - 757" refId="ref51853" refString="Schuchert P (2008 b) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera Part 4. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 115: 677 - 757." type="journal article" year="2008">Schuchert, 2008b</bibRefCitation>
), and Atlantic region of
<collectingCountry id="8895B985573B881A45B3BA426C21FEC8" box="[684,771,258,277]" name="Morocco" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Morocco</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573B881A4781BA606E1CFEEE" author="Iazza B &amp; Gonzalez-Duarte MM &amp; Moukrim A &amp; Martinez CM" box="[158,318,288,307]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref48943" refString="Iazza B, Gonzalez-Duarte MM, Moukrim A, Martinez CM (2013) First report of the marine hydroids Eudendrium glomeratum, E. merulum and Garveia grisea (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Moroccan Atlantic coast. Marine Biodiversity Records 6: 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267213000560" type="journal article" year="2013">Iazza et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="941384E4573B881A4652BA606D20FEEE" author="Schuchert P" box="[333,514,288,307]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="677 - 757" refId="ref51853" refString="Schuchert P (2008 b) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera Part 4. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 115: 677 - 757." type="journal article" year="2008">Schuchert (2008b)</bibRefCitation>
highlights that molecular analysis of 16S DNA suggests that the Atlantic, Mediterranean, and the Black Sea populations were three distinct species and this could indicate that
<taxonomicName id="37828296573B881A469ABA3A6ED2FE51" authorityName="Watson" authorityYear="1985" box="[389,496,377,397]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="merulum">
<emphasis id="C2F62507573B881A469ABA3A6EB3FE51" box="[389,401,378,396]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C2F62507573B881A4682BA396ED2FE51" box="[413,496,377,396]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">merulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a species complex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03DF915573B881A47CBBAD76EEDFDD9" blockId="13.[150,771,198,516]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Remarks: Colonizing the plates, Bryozoa,
<taxonomicName id="37828296573B881A4586BAD76DDCFE77" box="[665,766,407,426]" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Ostreidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="37828296573B881A4788BAF56E21FE14" box="[151,259,437,457]" class="Polychaeta" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="class">Polychaeta</taxonomicName>
tubes, Ascidiacea, and the hydroids
<taxonomicName id="37828296573B881A4560BAF56E21FE38" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Corydendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parasiticum">
<emphasis id="C2F62507573B881A4560BAF56E21FE38" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Corydendrium parasiticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
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<emphasis id="C2F62507573B881A462DBA936EF2FE3B" box="[306,464,467,486]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pennaria disticha</emphasis>
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. Material from the rainy season was mainly without hydranths.
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<emphasis id="70AAEAA6C90421530AF3CBB04FDCFC78" bold="true" box="[174,400,928,954]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="208">Eptesicus serotinus</emphasis>
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Widely distributed and one of the most common, all year round occurring species in the region (
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).
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<paragraph id="426136B4C90421530ABECC104A9DFB98" blockId="5.[174,1233,960,1114]" pageId="5" pageNumber="208">Summer roosts are overground sections of man-made structures and, rarer, underground cavities. The study area entirely falls within the species breeding range. In total, breeding was found in 28 localities; we recorded it in 26 study localities in different parts of the study region.</paragraph>
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Fig. 5. Record localities of
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Maternity roosts have been localised in attic cavities of public (used) buildings, cavities in overground sections of abandoned buildings (
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; Annex).
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In winter time, the species is regularly recorded in buildings (in inner rooms, at balconies, between window frames, etc.) and at the ground within built-up areas of settlements (Godlevska, 2012; 2015 b; Annex). Notably, old winter records of the species in the region (the earliest is dated by 1928) came from the territory of settlements; and the places of revealing of serotine bats were the same as those at present (collected specimens in the NMNH NASU). The species is also recorded hibernating in underground shelters (
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C90721500AF3C9BF4FA8FE08" author="Abelentsev, V. I. &amp; Popov, B. M." box="[174,484,431,458]" pageId="6" pageNumber="209" pagination="229 - 446" refId="ref14064" refString="Abelentsev, V. I., Popov, B. M. 1956. Order Chiroptera, or bats. In: Pidoplichko, I. G. Fauna Ukrainy. Vol. 1: Mammals. Vyd-vo AN URSR, Kyiv, 229 - 446 [In Ukrainian]." type="book chapter" year="1956">Abelentsev &amp; Popov, 1956</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C90721500BB0C9BF4CA7FE0B" author="Godlevska, O. V. &amp; Tyshchenko, V. M. &amp; Ghazali, M. A." box="[493,747,431,458]" pageId="6" pageNumber="209" pagination="53 - 64" refId="ref15650" refString="Godlevska, O. V., Tyshchenko, V. M., Ghazali, M. A. 2010. A current status of cave-dwelling bats of Podillya and Middle Dniester River region (Ukraine). Nature reserves in Ukraine, 16 (1), 53 - 64 [In Ukrainian]." type="journal article" year="2010">Godlevska et al., 2010</bibRefCitation>
; 2012; 2016). Usually, its number per one underground hibernaculum does not exceed few individuals. However, there is a known big winter aggregation of the species (&gt; 100 individuals) in one of the limestone mines in the Dniester subregion (
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C90721500B9CCA1F4C84FDEB" author="Godlevska, O. V. &amp; Tyshchenko, V. M. &amp; Ghazali, M. A." box="[449,712,527,554]" pageId="6" pageNumber="209" pagination="53 - 64" refId="ref15650" refString="Godlevska, O. V., Tyshchenko, V. M., Ghazali, M. A. 2010. A current status of cave-dwelling bats of Podillya and Middle Dniester River region (Ukraine). Nature reserves in Ukraine, 16 (1), 53 - 64 [In Ukrainian]." type="journal article" year="2010">Godlevska et al., 2010</bibRefCitation>
).
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Within the study region, the species has quite patchy distribution (
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). At present, it is rather frequently found in the northwestern part of the region and in the Dniester subregion. The Dnipro distribution patch of the species is relatively isolated from its other record localities. In
<collectingRegion id="801AF856C90521520BCACC2E4F82FB9A" box="[407,462,1086,1112]" country="Ukraine" name="Kyiv" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">Kyiv</collectingRegion>
and outskirts, the species was regularly found in the middle of the 20th century (
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C90521520B26CC4E4CF5FBBA" author="Abelentsev, V. I. &amp; Popov, B. M." box="[379,697,1117,1144]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" pagination="229 - 446" refId="ref14064" refString="Abelentsev, V. I., Popov, B. M. 1956. Order Chiroptera, or bats. In: Pidoplichko, I. G. Fauna Ukrainy. Vol. 1: Mammals. Vyd-vo AN URSR, Kyiv, 229 - 446 [In Ukrainian]." type="book chapter" year="1956">Abelentsev &amp; Popov, 1956</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C90521520898CC4E4D9EFBB5" author="Abelentsev, V. I. &amp; Kolyushev, I. I. &amp; Krochko, J. I. &amp; Tatarinov, K. A." box="[709,978,1117,1144]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" pagination="20 - 24" refId="ref14175" refString="Abelentsev, V. I., Kolyushev, I. I., Krochko, J. I., Tatarinov, K. A. 1969. The results of ringing Chiroptera in the Ukrainian SSR for 1939 - 1967. Communication 2. Vestnik Zoologii, 2, 20 - 24 [In Russian]." type="book chapter" year="1969">Abelentsev et al., 1969</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C90521520983CC4E4AF7FBBA" author="Godlevska, L." box="[990,1211,1118,1144]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" pagination="145 - 157" refId="ref15460" refString="Godlevska, L. 2013 b. Recent bats in the collection of the paleontological museum of NMNH, NAS of Ukraine. Proceedings of the Zoological museum, 44, 145 - 157." type="journal article" year="2013">Godlevska, 2013 b</bibRefCitation>
). However, during the last two decades, the species was recorded only in two localities in the vicinities of
<collectingRegion id="801AF856C90521520B68CC8E4F20FB7A" box="[309,364,1182,1208]" country="Ukraine" name="Kyiv" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">Kyiv</collectingRegion>
(Annex).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0AC4653FC90521520A86CCAE4FA5F9BA" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" type="description">
<paragraph id="426136B4C90521520A86CCAE4F65FA9A" blockId="4.[166,1225,990,1656]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">The breeding was recently first revealed in nine study localities (Annex). Maternity roosts are not known. During the breeding period, males were netted at entrances and inside abandoned banked military structures, up to 20 individuals per object (Annex). That allows considering such structures as roosts for the barbastelle males in the warm season of the year.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="426136B4C90521520A86CD4E4F9FF9DA" blockId="4.[166,1225,990,1656]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">
In winter, the species was recorded hibernating in underground cavities: mines, military objects, cellars, drainage tunnels; earlier, in monastery artificial caves (e. g.
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C90521520AADCD8E4C0DFA7A" author="Abelentsev, V. I. &amp; Popov, B. M." box="[240,577,1437,1464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" pagination="229 - 446" refId="ref14064" refString="Abelentsev, V. I., Popov, B. M. 1956. Order Chiroptera, or bats. In: Pidoplichko, I. G. Fauna Ukrainy. Vol. 1: Mammals. Vyd-vo AN URSR, Kyiv, 229 - 446 [In Ukrainian]." type="book chapter" year="1956">Abelentsev &amp; Popov, 1956</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C9052152080CCD8E4D4CFA7A" author="Sologor, E. A." box="[593,768,1438,1464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref17220" refString="Sologor, E. A. 1973. Eco-physiological traits of bats of the Middle Dnieper River Region. Thesis for the scientific degree of candidate of biological sciences. Kyiv, 1 - 160 [In Russian]." type="book chapter" year="1973">Sologor, 1973</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C9052152094DCD8E4A67FA7A" author="Godlevska, O. V. &amp; Tyshchenko, V. M. &amp; Ghazali, M. A." box="[784,1067,1438,1464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" pagination="53 - 64" refId="ref15650" refString="Godlevska, O. V., Tyshchenko, V. M., Ghazali, M. A. 2010. A current status of cave-dwelling bats of Podillya and Middle Dniester River region (Ukraine). Nature reserves in Ukraine, 16 (1), 53 - 64 [In Ukrainian]." type="journal article" year="2010">Godlevska et al., 2010</bibRefCitation>
; 2012; 2016; Annex). The exception is two winter records of single individuals in overground parts of buildings: in a cavity of a stable ceiling and in a greenhouse (
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C90521520E49CDCE4A88FA3A" author="Sologor, E. A." box="[1044,1220,1502,1528]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref17220" refString="Sologor, E. A. 1973. Eco-physiological traits of bats of the Middle Dnieper River Region. Thesis for the scientific degree of candidate of biological sciences. Kyiv, 1 - 160 [In Russian]." type="book chapter" year="1973">Sologor, 1973</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C90521520AFBCDEE4F89F9DA" author="Ruzhilenko, N. S. &amp; Grischenko, V. &amp; Mezhzherin, V. &amp; Tsvelykh, A. N." box="[166,453,1534,1560]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" pagination="76 - 79" refId="ref17022" refString="Ruzhilenko, N. S., Grischenko, V., Mezhzherin, V., Tsvelykh, A. N. 1998. Bat fauna of Kaniv Nature Reserve. Proceedings of the Theriological School, 1, 76 - 79 [In Ukrainian]." type="journal article" year="1998">Ruzhilenko et al., 1998</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="426136B4C90521520A86CE0E4FA5F9BA" blockId="4.[166,1225,990,1656]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">The number of hibernating individuals per one object is, usually, up to 10 individuals. There are only few hibernacula, where more barbastelles were recorded, with a maximum of 194 individuals (Annex).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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Within the study region, the species is rare. We recorded it just in two localities in the northwestern part of the region in 2015 and 2017 (
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). The only record of the species in the winter season in
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(
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<emphasis id="70AAEAA6C90621510AF3CBB04FC6FC78" bold="true" box="[174,394,927,954]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="210">Myotis dasycneme</emphasis>
(Boie, 1825)
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Although the species was found in all three subregions, its distribution there is highly patchy (
<figureCitation id="DAE52A31C90621510B56CBF04F04FC38" box="[267,328,992,1018]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[170,203,1834,1856]" captionText="Fig. 8. Record localities of Myotis dasycneme." pageId="7" pageNumber="210">fig. 8</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="426136B4C906215E0ABECC104A4DFECB" blockId="7.[174,1232,960,1114]" lastBlockId="8.[166,1225,175,617]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="211" pageId="7" pageNumber="210">
The species occurs year-round. During our survey, we first confirmed the breeding of the species in the region, in four study localities (
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C90621510952CC304DB6FBF8" author="Vorobei, P. M. &amp; Savchenko, M. O. &amp; Godlevska, L. V." box="[783,1018,1056,1082]" pageId="7" pageNumber="210" pagination="12 - 25" refId="ref17704" refString="Vorobei, P. M., Savchenko, M. O., Godlevska, L. V. 2021. Bat fauna of the Holosiivskyi National Nature Park, Northern part. Cherkasy University Bulletin: Biological Sciences Series, 1, 12 - 25 [In Ukrainian]." type="book chapter" year="2021">Vorobei et al., 2021</bibRefCitation>
; Annex). Between 1999 and 2021, in the study region, only one maternity roost was found: a ceiling crevice in the overground section of an abandoned building in
<collectingRegion id="801AF856C909215E096CC8BF4D8EFF0B" box="[817,962,175,201]" country="Ukraine" name="Kyiv" pageId="8" pageNumber="211">Kyiv Region</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C909215E098CC8BF4AF0FF0B" author="Vorobei, P. M. &amp; Savchenko, M. O. &amp; Godlevska, L. V." box="[977,1212,175,202]" pageId="8" pageNumber="211" pagination="12 - 25" refId="ref17704" refString="Vorobei, P. M., Savchenko, M. O., Godlevska, L. V. 2021. Bat fauna of the Holosiivskyi National Nature Park, Northern part. Cherkasy University Bulletin: Biological Sciences Series, 1, 12 - 25 [In Ukrainian]." type="book chapter" year="2021">Vorobei et al., 2021</bibRefCitation>
). Another potential maternity roost is in an abandoned building in
<collectingRegion id="801AF856C909215E099CC8DF4A89FF2B" box="[961,1221,207,233]" country="Ukraine" name="Khmel'nyts'kyy" pageId="8" pageNumber="211">Khmelnytskyi Region</collectingRegion>
, where breeding females (together with adult males) were netted (Annex).
</paragraph>
<caption id="16A1663CC90621510AF7CF3A4C1AF882" box="[170,598,1834,1856]" pageId="7" pageNumber="210" startId="7.[170,203,1834,1856]" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="426136B4C90621510AF7CF3A4C1AF882" blockId="7.[170,598,1834,1856]" box="[170,598,1834,1856]" pageId="7" pageNumber="210">
Fig. 8. Record localities of
<taxonomicName id="85DE4D37C90621510BFBCF3B4C1DF8FD" baseAuthorityName="Boie" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[422,593,1834,1856]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="210" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dasycneme">
<emphasis id="70AAEAA6C90621510BFBCF3B4C1DF8FD" box="[422,593,1834,1856]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="210">Myotis dasycneme</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="426136B4C909215E0A86C9004FB0FE4B" blockId="8.[166,1225,175,617]" pageId="8" pageNumber="211">
In summer,
<taxonomicName id="85DE4D37C909215E0B32C9004C59FEEB" baseAuthorityName="Boie" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[367,533,271,297]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="211" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dasycneme">
<emphasis id="70AAEAA6C909215E0B32C9004C59FEEB" box="[367,533,271,297]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="211">M. dasycneme</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was recorded in tree cavities as well (
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C909215E0987C91F4A89FEE8" author="Charlemagne, E. W." box="[986,1221,271,298]" pageId="8" pageNumber="211" pagination="26 - 92" refId="ref14869" refString="Charlemagne, E. W. 1915. The mammals of the vicinity of Kiev. In: Artobolevskiy, V. M. Materials to the study of fauna of southwestern Russia Vol. 1. Kessler Ornithol. Society, Kyiv, 26 - 92 [In Russian]." type="book chapter" year="1915">Charlemagne, 1915</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C909215E0AFBC93F4FBCFE88" author="Abelentsev, V. I. &amp; Popov, B. M." box="[166,496,303,330]" pageId="8" pageNumber="211" pagination="229 - 446" refId="ref14064" refString="Abelentsev, V. I., Popov, B. M. 1956. Order Chiroptera, or bats. In: Pidoplichko, I. G. Fauna Ukrainy. Vol. 1: Mammals. Vyd-vo AN URSR, Kyiv, 229 - 446 [In Ukrainian]." type="book chapter" year="1956">Abelentsev &amp; Popov, 1956</bibRefCitation>
; museum specimens in:
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C909215E097AC93F4AF7FE8B" author="Zagorodniuk, I. &amp; Godlevska, L." box="[807,1211,303,329]" pageId="8" pageNumber="211" pagination="122 - 156" refId="ref17825" refString="Zagorodniuk, I., Godlevska, L. 2001. Bats in collections of zoological museums of Ukraine: phenological review of data. In: Zagorodniuk, I., ed. Migration Status of Bats in Ukraine. Ukrainian Theriological Society, Kyiv, 122 - 156 [In Ukrainian]." type="book chapter" year="2001">Zagorodniuk &amp; Godlevska, 2001</bibRefCitation>
), and was netted at underground sites during late summer swarming (
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C909215E09BFC95F4A89FEAB" author="Godlevskaya, E. V." box="[994,1221,335,361]" pageId="8" pageNumber="211" pagination="439 - 448" refId="ref15335" refString="Godlevskaya, E. V. 2007. Use of Kyiv caves by bats (Chiroptera): hibernation and swarming. Vestnik Zoologii, 41 (5), 439 - 448." type="journal article" year="2007">Godlevskaya, 2007</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C909215E0AFBC97F4FEBFE4B" author="Godlevska, O. V. &amp; Tyshchenko, V. M. &amp; Ghazali, M. A." box="[166,423,367,394]" pageId="8" pageNumber="211" pagination="53 - 64" refId="ref15650" refString="Godlevska, O. V., Tyshchenko, V. M., Ghazali, M. A. 2010. A current status of cave-dwelling bats of Podillya and Middle Dniester River region (Ukraine). Nature reserves in Ukraine, 16 (1), 53 - 64 [In Ukrainian]." type="journal article" year="2010">Godlevska et al., 2010</bibRefCitation>
; 2016).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="426136B4C909215E0A86C99F4D9DFE0B" blockId="8.[166,1225,175,617]" pageId="8" pageNumber="211">Winter roosts are underground; the maximum counted number of pond bats per hibernaculum was 12 individuals, but, in most cases, 14 individuals.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="426136B4C909215E0A86C9DF4FEEFDAB" blockId="8.[166,1225,175,617]" pageId="8" pageNumber="211">
Among animals netted during the breeding period, the percentage of pond bats was only 0.7 % (fig. 24). During the autumn swarming, pond bats were netted at entrances to underground sites; however, their quantity was low; e. g. in
<collectingRegion id="801AF856C909215E09CACA1F4D9CFDEB" box="[919,976,527,553]" country="Ukraine" name="Kyiv" pageId="8" pageNumber="211">Kyiv</collectingRegion>
, 0.2 % in 20032005 (
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C909215E0AF3CA3F4FC3FD8B" author="Godlevskaya, E. V." box="[174,399,559,585]" pageId="8" pageNumber="211" pagination="439 - 448" refId="ref15335" refString="Godlevskaya, E. V. 2007. Use of Kyiv caves by bats (Chiroptera): hibernation and swarming. Vestnik Zoologii, 41 (5), 439 - 448." type="journal article" year="2007">Godlevskaya, 2007</bibRefCitation>
). All together enables to conclude that the population size of the species in the region is small.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
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<emphasis id="70AAEAA6C90721500AFBCA5F4FCCFDA8" bold="true" box="[166,384,591,618]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="209">Myotis bechsteinii</emphasis>
(Kuhl, 1817)
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The species is rare. It was revealed recently in seven localities in the southern part of the study region (
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); first, in 2006 (
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). The extreme eastern records (southeast of the Podolian Upland, in the north of
<collectingRegion id="801AF856C90721500837CABF4D45FD0B" box="[618,777,687,713]" country="Ukraine" name="Odesa" pageId="6" pageNumber="209">Odesa Region</collectingRegion>
) correspond to the eastern boundary of species distribution range in
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and in Europe as a whole (
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C9072150093ACADF4A74FD2B" author="Wright, P. G. &amp; Hamilton, P. B. &amp; Schofield, H. &amp; Glover, A. &amp; Damant, C. &amp; Davidson-Watts, I. &amp; Mathews, F." box="[871,1080,719,746]" pageId="6" pageNumber="209" pagination="777 - 787" refId="ref17756" refString="Wright, P. G., Hamilton, P. B., Schofield, H., Glover, A., Damant, C., Davidson-Watts, I., Mathews, F. 2018. Genetic structure and diversity of a rare woodland bat, Myotis bechsteinii: comparison of continental Europe and Britain. Conservation Genetics, 19, 777 - 787." type="journal article" year="2018">Wright et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="426136B4C90721500A86CAFF4AD3FC8B" blockId="6.[166,1226,623,842]" pageId="6" pageNumber="209">The species was recorded hibernating in limestone mines (with the maximum number of 3 individuals per site) and during autumn swarming at the same underground objects. The breeding was first recently confirmed in the region, in two eastern points (Annex).</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="70AAEAA6C909215E0AFBCA9F4FDEFD68" bold="true" box="[166,402,655,682]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="211">Myotis daubentonii</emphasis>
(Kuhl, 1817)
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It is one of the most regularly occurring and common species in the study region. Here it was recorded all year round, in many study localities (
<figureCitation id="DAE52A31C909215E0968CADF4D3FFD2B" box="[821,883,719,745]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[170,203,1834,1856]" captionText="Fig. 9. Record localities of Myotis daubentonii." pageId="8" pageNumber="211">fig. 9</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="426136B4C909215E0A86CAFF4C4AFC4B" blockId="8.[166,1225,687,1129]" pageId="8" pageNumber="211">Summer roosts: bridges, overground sections of abandoned buildings, tree cavities, underground cavities. The breeding range includes, obviously, the whole territory of the study region. In total, breeding was confirmed in three subregions in 24 study localities. We first revealed maternity roosts of the species in the region: five, in abandoned buildings; one, in a tree hollow (Annex).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="426136B4C909215E0A86CB9F4F4AFBAB" blockId="8.[166,1225,687,1129]" pageId="8" pageNumber="211">
Winter shelters are various underground cavities (e. g.
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C909215E09DCCB9F4A89FC68" author="Abelentsev, V. I. &amp; Popov, B. M." box="[897,1221,911,938]" pageId="8" pageNumber="211" pagination="229 - 446" refId="ref14064" refString="Abelentsev, V. I., Popov, B. M. 1956. Order Chiroptera, or bats. In: Pidoplichko, I. G. Fauna Ukrainy. Vol. 1: Mammals. Vyd-vo AN URSR, Kyiv, 229 - 446 [In Ukrainian]." type="book chapter" year="1956">Abelentsev &amp; Popov, 1956</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C909215E0AFBCBBF4F05FC0B" author="Sologor, E. A." box="[166,329,943,969]" pageId="8" pageNumber="211" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref17220" refString="Sologor, E. A. 1973. Eco-physiological traits of bats of the Middle Dnieper River Region. Thesis for the scientific degree of candidate of biological sciences. Kyiv, 1 - 160 [In Russian]." type="book chapter" year="1973">Sologor, 1973</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C909215E0B09CBBF4C09FC0B" author="Likhotop, R. I. &amp; Tkach, V. V. &amp; Barvinskiy, N. I." box="[340,581,943,970]" pageId="8" pageNumber="211" pagination="10 - 27" refId="ref16549" refString="Likhotop, R. I., Tkach, V. V., Barvinskiy, N. I. 1990. Bats of Kiev and Kiev region. In: Materials on the ecology and faunistic of some representatives of bats. Institute of Zoology AS USSR, Kyiv, 10 - 27 [In Russian]." type="book chapter" year="1990">Likhotop et al., 1990</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C909215E0812CBBF4D03FC0B" author="Godlevska, O. V. &amp; Tyshchenko, V. M. &amp; Ghazali, M. A." box="[591,847,943,970]" pageId="8" pageNumber="211" pagination="53 - 64" refId="ref15650" refString="Godlevska, O. V., Tyshchenko, V. M., Ghazali, M. A. 2010. A current status of cave-dwelling bats of Podillya and Middle Dniester River region (Ukraine). Nature reserves in Ukraine, 16 (1), 53 - 64 [In Ukrainian]." type="journal article" year="2010">Godlevska et al., 2010</bibRefCitation>
; 2012; 2016; Annex). In the not-cave part of the study region (ZMF- and ZFS-subregions), the species dominates by number of individuals over other species in underground hibernacula; in the Dniester subregion, codominates (
<figureCitation id="DAE52A31C909215E0B0DCC1F4FEDFBE8" box="[336,417,1039,1066]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[175,208,1167,1189]" captionTargetBox="[246,1135,184,1066]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 25. Quantitative representativeness of bat species in underground hibernacula of the study area (by own data of 19992021). A, ZMF- and ZFS-subregions (34 and 16 objects; 1931 and 51 identified ind., correspondingly); B, DRS-subregion (26 objects, 1697 identified ind.). By: Godlevskaya, 2007; Godlevska et al., 2010, 2012; this paper. In case of numerous counts, maximal numbers were taken." pageId="8" pageNumber="211">fig. 25</figureCitation>
). The maximum number of
<taxonomicName id="85DE4D37C909215E095DCC004DF5FBEB" baseAuthorityName="Kuhl" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[768,953,1039,1065]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="211" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daubentonii">
<emphasis id="70AAEAA6C909215E095DCC004DF5FBEB" box="[768,953,1039,1065]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="211">M. daubentonii</emphasis>
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per one underground hibernaculum in the region was 353 individuals (
<collectingRegion id="801AF856C909215E08A8CC3F4D7CFB8B" box="[757,816,1071,1097]" country="Ukraine" name="Kyiv" pageId="8" pageNumber="211">Kyiv</collectingRegion>
, DMS 47-P1-2: winter 2016/2017; Annex).
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The species was revealed in three subregions. However, its distribution is irregular. Points of records may be combined in three rather separate patches: southern, in the Dniester subregion and adjacent territories; eastern, in the Central Dnipro zone; and northern, in Polissia (
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The species was found in all seasons of the year. The breeding was revealed in three subregions in seven localities (
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;
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; Annex). In the course of the authors study, no maternity roosts were found. During the breeding season, juvenile individuals were netted in an abandoned building and at an underground site entrance (Annex); however, animals shelters were not localised. Earlier, breeding females with juveniles were found in a tree cavity and in a bird box, within the eastern distribution plot of the species in the study region (
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;
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C90A215D0E4BCCE54EA6FAED" author="Biletskaya, M. G. &amp; Likhotop, R. I. &amp; Sologor, E. A." pageId="11" pageNumber="214" pagination="5 - 9" refId="ref14524" refString="Biletskaya, M. G., Likhotop, R. I., Sologor, E. A. 1990. The use of artificial shelters for attracting bats. In: Materials on ecology and faunistic of some representatives of bats. Institute of Zoology AS USSR, Kyiv, 5 - 9 [In Russian]." type="book chapter" year="1990">Biletskaya et al., 1990</bibRefCitation>
). Solitary males and non-breeding females were found or netted inside overground sections of abandoned buildings, and in underground or semi-underground objects (Annex).
</paragraph>
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Known winter roosts are only underground.The counted number per one hibernaculum was, commonly, 16 individuals. Bigger aggregations were found only in four sites. The maximum counted number of
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in a hibernaculum was 68 ind.; in the ZMFsubregion (
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).
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The species is extremely rare. It was recorded in the warm period of the year in eight localities with only 10 records in total (
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). Most records refer to the middle of the 20th century (
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C90A215D0B06CE554CEEF9A2" author="Abelentsev, V. I. &amp; Popov, B. M." box="[347,674,1605,1632]" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" pagination="229 - 446" refId="ref14064" refString="Abelentsev, V. I., Popov, B. M. 1956. Order Chiroptera, or bats. In: Pidoplichko, I. G. Fauna Ukrainy. Vol. 1: Mammals. Vyd-vo AN URSR, Kyiv, 229 - 446 [In Ukrainian]." type="book chapter" year="1956">Abelentsev &amp; Popov, 1956</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C90A215D08ECCE554A73F99D" author="Zagorodniuk, I. &amp; Godlevska, L." box="[689,1087,1605,1631]" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" pagination="122 - 156" refId="ref17825" refString="Zagorodniuk, I., Godlevska, L. 2001. Bats in collections of zoological museums of Ukraine: phenological review of data. In: Zagorodniuk, I., ed. Migration Status of Bats in Ukraine. Ukrainian Theriological Society, Kyiv, 122 - 156 [In Ukrainian]." type="book chapter" year="2001">Zagorodniuk &amp; Godlevska, 2001</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C90A215D0E13CE554EB3F9BD" author="Godlevska, L." pageId="11" pageNumber="214" pagination="145 - 157" refId="ref15460" refString="Godlevska, L. 2013 b. Recent bats in the collection of the paleontological museum of NMNH, NAS of Ukraine. Proceedings of the Zoological museum, 44, 145 - 157." type="journal article" year="2013">Godlevska, 2013 b</bibRefCitation>
). Recently it was found only twice, at the territory of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (
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;
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C90A215D0BE0CE954FB6F95D" author="Gashchak, S. P. &amp; Vlaschenko, A. S. &amp; Naglov, A. V. &amp; Kravchenko, K. A. &amp; Gukasova, A. S." box="[445,506,1669,1695]" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" pagination="56 - 79" refId="ref15266" refString="Gashchak, S. P., Vlaschenko, A. S., Naglov, A. V., Kravchenko, K. A., Gukasova, A. S. 2013. Bat fauna of the Exclusion Zone in concern of assessment of environmental value of its areas. Problems of Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, 11, 56 - 79 [In Russian]." type="journal article" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
). During our study, the species was not recorded.
</paragraph>
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Two recent records in 2009 and 2013 (in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone) were presented by an immature male and a female, both netted in the 3rd decade of July (
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;
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). These individuals comprise only 0.06 % of the general number of bats, examined by Gaschak with colleagues in 20072013. However, the records may prove the species breeding in the ZMF-subregion.
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<emphasis id="70AAEAA6C90C215B0AF3CED34FCFF91C" bold="true" box="[174,387,1731,1758]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="216">Pipistrellus kuhlii</emphasis>
(Kuhl, 1817)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="426136B4C90C21580ABECEF34C32FC2A" blockId="13.[174,1232,1763,1854]" lastBlockId="14.[166,1225,942,1129]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="217" pageId="13" pageNumber="216">
During the last half a century, the species expanded into many regions of Europe (e. g.
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C90C215B0AF3CF134F1BF8DF" author="Strelkov, P. P." box="[174,343,1795,1821]" pageId="13" pageNumber="216" pagination="202 - 207" refId="ref17260" refString="Strelkov, P. P. 2004. Expanding of distribution areas of Palearctic Chiropera, Mammalia, as an example of invasion in anthropogenic biotopes. In: Alimov, A. F., Bogutskaya, N. G., eds. Biological invasions in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. KMK, Moscow, 202 - 207 [In Russian]." type="book chapter" year="2004">Strelkov, 2004</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C90C215B0B3FCF134C2DF8DF" author="Ancillotto, L. &amp; Santini, L. &amp; Ranc, N. &amp; Maiorano, L. &amp; Russo, D." box="[354,609,1795,1822]" pageId="13" pageNumber="216" pagination="3 - 4" refId="ref14293" refString="Ancillotto, L., Santini, L., Ranc, N., Maiorano, L., Russo, D. 2016. Extraordinary range expansion in a common bat: the potential roles of climate change and urbanisation. The Science of Nature, 103 (3 - 4), 15." type="journal article" year="2016">Ancillotto et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
; Lučan et al., 2020). For Central
<collectingCountry id="3AC97624C90C215B09BCCF134A08F8DF" box="[993,1092,1795,1821]" name="Ukraine" pageId="13" pageNumber="216">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
, it is new as well. Here, its occurrence was first recorded in
<collectingRegion id="801AF856C90C215B08BBCF334D51F8FF" box="[742,797,1827,1853]" country="Ukraine" name="Kyiv" pageId="13" pageNumber="216">Kyiv</collectingRegion>
in 1999 (
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C90C215B09CDCF334AD3F8FF" author="Godlevsky, L. &amp; Tyshchenko, V. &amp; Negoda, V." box="[912,1183,1827,1854]" pageId="13" pageNumber="216" refId="ref15616" refString="Godlevsky, L., Tyshchenko, V., Negoda, V. 2000. First Records of Pipistrellus kuhlii from Kyiv. Vestnik Zoologii, 34 (3), 78." type="journal volume" year="2000">Godlevsky et al., 2000</bibRefCitation>
). At present, the species is distributed throughout the study region, although in the northwest it occurs rarer than in other parts (
<figureCitation id="DAE52A31C90F21580878CBDE4C3DFC2A" box="[549,625,974,1000]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[166,199,880,902]" captionText="Fig. 16. Record localities of Pipistrellus kuhlii." pageId="14" pageNumber="217">fig. 16</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="16A1663CC90F21580AFBCB604C1BFC47" box="[166,599,880,902]" pageId="14" pageNumber="217" startId="14.[166,199,880,902]" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="426136B4C90F21580AFBCB604C1BFC47" blockId="14.[166,599,880,902]" box="[166,599,880,902]" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">
Fig. 16. Record localities of
<taxonomicName id="85DE4D37C90F21580BF3CB604C1FFC47" baseAuthorityName="Kuhl" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[430,595,880,901]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kuhlii">Pipistrellus kuhlii</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="0AC4653FC90F21590A86CBFE4CBEFEEB" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="218" pageId="14" pageNumber="217" type="description">
<paragraph id="426136B4C90F21580A86CBFE4FA4FBAB" blockId="14.[166,1225,942,1129]" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">
The species is recorded year-round. All known roosts, including maternity ones, were found out only in overground sections of buildings (in different cavities). Three biggest maternity colonies counted were from ca. 50 to over 100 individuals, with juveniles (
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C90F21580AF3CC5E4F31FBAB" author="Bilushenko, A. A." box="[174,381,1102,1129]" pageId="14" pageNumber="217" pagination="343 - 349" refId="ref14627" refString="Bilushenko, A. A. 2013. The current status of Kuhl's pipistrelle Pipistrellus kuhlii (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) in the Central forest-steppe of Ukraine. Vestnik Zoologii, 47 (4), 343 - 349." type="journal article" year="2013">Bilushenko, 2013</bibRefCitation>
; Annex).
</paragraph>
<caption id="16A1663CC90F21580AFBCF334C21F8FA" box="[166,621,1827,1849]" pageId="14" pageNumber="217" startId="14.[166,199,1827,1849]" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="426136B4C90F21580AFBCF334C21F8FA" blockId="14.[166,621,1827,1849]" box="[166,621,1827,1849]" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">
Fig. 17. Record localities of
<taxonomicName id="85DE4D37C90F21580BF3CF334C25F8FA" baseAuthorityName="Keyserling &amp; Blasius" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[430,617,1827,1848]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nathusii">Pipistrellus nathusii</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="426136B4C90E21590ABEC8A04CBEFEEB" blockId="15.[174,1232,175,298]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">
Known hibernation roosts are in buildings (all localised ones were in cavities beside window frames). Wintering groups and colonies were recorded during repair works (
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C90E21590AEBC8FF4FD8FECB" author="Godlevska, L." box="[182,404,239,266]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218" pagination="11 - 19" refId="ref15531" refString="Godlevska, L. 2015 b. Results of the work of the Kyiv bat contact-centre in 2012 - 2015. Proceedings of the Theriological School, 13, 11 - 19 [In Ukrainian]." type="journal article" year="2015">Godlevska, 2015 b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C90E21590BFCC8FF4CCDFECB" author="Hukov, V. &amp; Timofieieva, O. &amp; Prylutska, A. &amp; Rodenko, O. &amp; Moiseienko, M. &amp; Bohodist, V. &amp; Domanska, A. &amp; Vlaschenko, A." box="[417,641,239,266]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218" pagination="102 - 120" refId="ref16102" refString="Hukov, V., Timofieieva, O., Prylutska, A., Rodenko, O., Moiseienko, M., Bohodist, V., Domanska, A., Vlaschenko, A. 2020. Wintering of an urban bat (Pipistrellus kuhlii lepidus) in recently occupied areas. European Journal of Ecology, 6 (1), 102 - 120." type="journal article" year="2020">Hukov et al., 2020</bibRefCitation>
). The maximum colony size in winter for Central
<collectingCountry id="3AC97624C90E21590AF3C91F4F42FEEB" box="[174,270,271,297]" name="Ukraine" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
was 138 individuals (
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C90E21590857C91F4CAAFEEB" author="Hukov, V. &amp; Timofieieva, O. &amp; Prylutska, A. &amp; Rodenko, O. &amp; Moiseienko, M. &amp; Bohodist, V. &amp; Domanska, A. &amp; Vlaschenko, A." box="[522,742,271,298]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218" pagination="102 - 120" refId="ref16102" refString="Hukov, V., Timofieieva, O., Prylutska, A., Rodenko, O., Moiseienko, M., Bohodist, V., Domanska, A., Vlaschenko, A. 2020. Wintering of an urban bat (Pipistrellus kuhlii lepidus) in recently occupied areas. European Journal of Ecology, 6 (1), 102 - 120." type="journal article" year="2020">Hukov et al., 2020</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="E6B8E6723A0536BF2A6964C404570BCA">Bats Of Central Ukraine: A Synopsis</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="85DE4D37C90C215B0AF3CC334C0CFBFF" ID-CoL="484XC" authority="(Schreber, 1774)" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[174,576,1059,1086]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noctula">
<emphasis id="70AAEAA6C90C215B0AF3CC334F34FBFC" bold="true" box="[174,376,1059,1086]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="216">Nyctalus noctula</emphasis>
(Schreber, 1774)
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The species is common and widespread in the region (
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). We recorded it in the majority of study localities.
</paragraph>
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The breeding zone includes all the territory of the study region. In total, the breeding was marked in all three subregions, in 51 study localities (weve found in 43). Known earlier and recently found summer roosts were almost exceptionally in hollow trees (tens of roosts). Maternity colonies were found only in hollow trees. Known records in buildings during summer are not numerous and concern the migration season; thus, such roosts are, obviously, transit. E. g. we recorded a colony of common noctules, in which all four sex-age groups were presented (MMad, MMjuv, FFad, FFjuv) in an abandoned concrete hangar in
<collectingRegion id="801AF856C90C215B0AF3CD734F3AFABF" box="[174,374,1379,1405]" country="Ukraine" name="Cherkasy" pageId="13" pageNumber="216">Cherkasy Region</collectingRegion>
in late August, 2018 (Annex).
</paragraph>
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At present, Central
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is entirely within the species winter range due to its recent expansion northward (
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C90C215B084FCDB34CBEFA7F" author="Godlevska, L." box="[530,754,1443,1470]" pageId="13" pageNumber="216" pagination="315 - 324" refId="ref15495" refString="Godlevska, L. 2015 a. Northward expansion of the winter range of Nyctalus noctula (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in Eastern Europe. Mammalia, 79 (3), 315 - 324." type="journal article" year="2015">Godlevska, 2015 a</bibRefCitation>
). The first winter records of the species in the region came from
<collectingRegion id="801AF856C90C215B0B8ACDD34C42FA1F" box="[471,526,1475,1501]" country="Ukraine" name="Kyiv" pageId="13" pageNumber="216">Kyiv</collectingRegion>
in the early 2000s. Since then, it is regularly found there in winter. All known records in winter refer to the territory of settlements, and all localised by us winter roosts were in buildings, mostly multi-storey. Identified roosts were: different structural cavities, ventilation channels, cavities inside balconies facing, etc. The number of individuals in one winter colony is estimated to reach a few thousand (
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C90C215B09ACCE534A80F99C" author="Godlevska, L." box="[1009,1228,1603,1630]" pageId="13" pageNumber="216" pagination="315 - 324" refId="ref15495" refString="Godlevska, L. 2015 a. Northward expansion of the winter range of Nyctalus noctula (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in Eastern Europe. Mammalia, 79 (3), 315 - 324." type="journal article" year="2015">Godlevska, 2015 a</bibRefCitation>
; L. Godlevska, comm.). Recently,
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C90C215B086CCE734D45F9BC" author="Bilushenko, A." box="[561,777,1635,1662]" pageId="13" pageNumber="216" pagination="29 - 32" refId="ref14712" refString="Bilushenko, A. 2015. Usage of bats' roosts in the conditions of the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Bulletin of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Biology, 70 (2), 29 - 32 [In Ukrainian]." type="journal article" year="2015">Bilushenko (2015)</bibRefCitation>
reported his observation of
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<emphasis id="70AAEAA6C90C215B0E0ACE744A9CF9BF" box="[1111,1232,1635,1661]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="216">N. noctula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
colonies in hollow trees in winter in
<collectingRegion id="801AF856C90C215B0804CE934C8BF95F" box="[601,711,1667,1693]" country="Ukraine" name="Cherkasy" pageId="13" pageNumber="216">Cherkasy</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="801AF856C90C215B095CCE934D77F95F" box="[769,827,1667,1693]" country="Ukraine" name="Kyiv" pageId="13" pageNumber="216">Kyiv</collectingRegion>
.
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The species was recorded in different parts of the study region during the warm period of the year (
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The region seems to be entirely within the breeding zone of the species: the breeding was recorded in all three subregions, in 24 localities (during our survey, in 21 study localities). Known roosts were located in hollow trees and one, in a bird box, in which the maternity colony of 46 individuals, including juveniles was found (
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The species was recorded all over the study region (
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Winter records within the study region are absent. The earliest date of a record in the warm period is 05.04 (1954); the latest, 10.10 (2013) (
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C90E215909DCC9BF4A80FE08" author="Abelentsev, V. I. &amp; Popov, B. M." box="[897,1228,431,458]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218" pagination="229 - 446" refId="ref14064" refString="Abelentsev, V. I., Popov, B. M. 1956. Order Chiroptera, or bats. In: Pidoplichko, I. G. Fauna Ukrainy. Vol. 1: Mammals. Vyd-vo AN URSR, Kyiv, 229 - 446 [In Ukrainian]." type="book chapter" year="1956">Abelentsev &amp; Popov, 1956</bibRefCitation>
;
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In the warm period of the year, it is one of the common bat species (fig. 24). Roosts are: cavities in buildings, both used and abandoned, hollow trees. Maternity colonies are sometimes mixed with
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The breeding was revealed in the ZMF- and ZFSsubregions, in 40 localities, in total. The biggest of counted maternity colonies was of&gt; =
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individuals (
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<mods:title id="50B86BD24968301E262B80CB0F35CEF6">Bats Of Central Ukraine: A Synopsis</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="70AAEAA6C91321440AFBCBB24FD9FC7E" bold="true" box="[166,405,930,957]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="221">Vespertilio murinus</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
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The species was recorded in all three subregions (
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). However, its occurrence within the study region is characterized by evident seasonal dynamics.
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We found breeding of the species only in two localities in the northwest of the study region with one localised maternity roost in the attic space (Annex). In the northeast of the region, in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, Gaschak et al. (2009; 2013) regularly recorded
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<emphasis id="70AAEAA6C91321440AFBCC734F63FBBE" box="[166,303,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="221">V. murinus</emphasis>
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during the breeding season, in 20072013: individuals of this species there comprised 5 % of all netted bats. In other parts of the study region, during the breeding season, the species is almost absent. Summer, exactly dated, observations of the species, there, are presented by single specimens with no breeding females or juveniles among them (e. g.
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C91321440AB8CCF24FFEFB3E" author="Bilushenko, A. A." box="[229,434,1250,1276]" pageId="18" pageNumber="221" pagination="19 - 26" refId="ref14757" refString="Bilushenko, A. A. 2016. Bats of Feofaniya park in Kyiv, Ukraine. Plecotus et al., 19, 19 - 26 [In Russian]." type="journal article" year="2016">Bilushenko, 2016</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C91321440BE0CCF24C86FB3E" author="Ruzhilenko, N. S. &amp; Grischenko, V. &amp; Mezhzherin, V. &amp; Tsvelykh, A. N." box="[445,714,1250,1277]" pageId="18" pageNumber="221" pagination="76 - 79" refId="ref17022" refString="Ruzhilenko, N. S., Grischenko, V., Mezhzherin, V., Tsvelykh, A. N. 1998. Bat fauna of Kaniv Nature Reserve. Proceedings of the Theriological School, 1, 76 - 79 [In Ukrainian]." type="journal article" year="1998">Ruzhilenko et al., 1998</bibRefCitation>
; Godlevska, 2012; 2015).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="426136B4C91321440A86CD134A38FA3E" blockId="18.[166,1226,962,1853]" pageId="18" pageNumber="221">
In previous publications, there are mentions of maternity colonies in two localities of the ZFS-subregion: one, in a hollow oak in southern vicinities of
<collectingRegion id="801AF856C913214409CFCD324D84FAFE" box="[914,968,1314,1340]" country="Ukraine" name="Kyiv" pageId="18" pageNumber="221">Kyiv</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C9132144098ACD324AF0FAFE" author="Charlemagne, M." box="[983,1212,1314,1340]" pageId="18" pageNumber="221" pagination="57 - 73" refId="ref14921" refString="Charlemagne, M. 1933. Materials on mammal fauna of Kyiv region. Proceedings of the Zoological museum, 12, 57 - 73. [In Ukrainian]." type="journal article" year="1933">Charlemagne, 1933</bibRefCitation>
); the second, two colonies in hollow trees in
<collectingRegion id="801AF856C913214408F6CD524D3EFA9E" box="[683,882,1346,1372]" country="Ukraine" name="Cherkasy" pageId="18" pageNumber="221">Cherkasy Region</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C913214409DECD524A66FA9E" author="Sologor, E. A." box="[899,1066,1346,1372]" pageId="18" pageNumber="221" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref17220" refString="Sologor, E. A. 1973. Eco-physiological traits of bats of the Middle Dnieper River Region. Thesis for the scientific degree of candidate of biological sciences. Kyiv, 1 - 160 [In Russian]." type="book chapter" year="1973">Sologor, 1973</bibRefCitation>
). Taking into account the absence of any other records of maternity colonies in the ZFS- and Dniester subregions, both in past and present, we presume that mentioned records might concern colonies of
<emphasis id="70AAEAA6C91321440B7ACDB24F93FA7E" box="[295,479,1442,1468]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="221">
<taxonomicName id="85DE4D37C91321440B7ACDB24F97FA7E" baseAuthorityName="Kuhl" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[295,475,1442,1468]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leisleri">Nyctalus leisleri</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
the species which is similar by size with
<taxonomicName id="85DE4D37C913214409FACDB34A64FA7E" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[935,1064,1443,1468]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murinus">
<emphasis id="70AAEAA6C913214409FACDB34A64FA7E" box="[935,1064,1443,1468]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="221">V. murinus</emphasis>
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and which, in
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, typically roosts in trees (e. g.
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C91321440805CDD24D69FA1E" author="Vlaschenko, A." box="[600,805,1474,1500]" pageId="18" pageNumber="221" pagination="145 - 156" refId="ref17538" refString="Vlaschenko, A. 2009. Current status of Leisler's bat (Chiroptera) on the territory of Kharkov region. Visnyk of Lviv University. Biology series, 51, 145 - 156 [In Ukrainian]." type="journal article" year="2009">Vlaschenko, 2009</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C91321440972CDD24A2DFA1E" author="Godlevska, L. &amp; Rebrov, S." box="[815,1121,1474,1500]" pageId="18" pageNumber="221" pagination="25 - 50" refId="ref15883" refString="Godlevska, L., Rebrov, S. 2018. Bats of the Left-Bank Dnipro Region in the northern part of Ukraine. Theriologia Ukrainica, 16, 25 - 50 [In Ukrainian]." type="journal article" year="2018">Godlevska &amp; Rebrov, 2018</bibRefCitation>
; Annex). Misidentification between these two species occurs even now (L. Godlevska, comm.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="426136B4C91321440A86CE124A5FF97E" blockId="18.[166,1226,962,1853]" pageId="18" pageNumber="221">
Since 1998,
<taxonomicName id="85DE4D37C91321440B39CE134FA9F9DE" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[356,485,1539,1564]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murinus">
<emphasis id="70AAEAA6C91321440B39CE134FA9F9DE" box="[356,485,1539,1564]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="221">V. murinus</emphasis>
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is recorded regularly in autumn and winter in large settlements, mostly in districts of multi-storey buildings, where parti-coloured bats are regularly found in inner rooms, at the outside surface of buildings or on the ground, in particular in
<collectingRegion id="801AF856C91321440E1FCE524A35F99E" box="[1090,1145,1602,1628]" country="Ukraine" name="Kyiv" pageId="18" pageNumber="221">Kyiv</collectingRegion>
. Inside such districts, the autumn display song of males of
<taxonomicName id="85DE4D37C913214408B5CE734D2BF9BE" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[744,871,1635,1660]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murinus">
<emphasis id="70AAEAA6C913214408B5CE734D2BF9BE" box="[744,871,1635,1660]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="221">V. murinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is recorded as well (
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C91321440E16CE724EA2F95F" author="Godlevska, L. V." pageId="18" pageNumber="221" pagination="239 - 244" refId="ref15420" refString="Godlevska, L. V. 2013 a. New Vespertilio murinus (Chiroptera) winter records. An indication of expansion of the species' winter range? Vestnik Zoologii, 47 (3), 239 - 244." type="journal article" year="2013">Godlevska, 2013 a</bibRefCitation>
; 2015; Annex).The current regular winter occurrence of
<taxonomicName id="85DE4D37C91321440908CE934D9CF95E" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[853,976,1667,1692]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murinus">
<emphasis id="70AAEAA6C91321440908CE934D9CF95E" box="[853,976,1667,1692]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="221">V.murinus</emphasis>
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in the region evidently indicates another case of expansion of the bat winter range (
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C91321440964CEB24A4AF97E" author="Godlevska, L. V." box="[825,1030,1698,1724]" pageId="18" pageNumber="221" pagination="239 - 244" refId="ref15420" refString="Godlevska, L. V. 2013 a. New Vespertilio murinus (Chiroptera) winter records. An indication of expansion of the species' winter range? Vestnik Zoologii, 47 (3), 239 - 244." type="journal article" year="2013">Godlevska, 2013 a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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Noteworthy that the described seasonal dynamics of the species occurrence is similar to that at the adjacent territories to the east from the Dnipro River (
<bibRefCitation id="264F4B45C91321440982CEF24EAFF8DE" author="Godlevska, L. &amp; Rebrov, S." pageId="18" pageNumber="221" pagination="25 - 50" refId="ref15883" refString="Godlevska, L., Rebrov, S. 2018. Bats of the Left-Bank Dnipro Region in the northern part of Ukraine. Theriologia Ukrainica, 16, 25 - 50 [In Ukrainian]." type="journal article" year="2018">Godlevska, Rebrov, 2018</bibRefCitation>
): the breeding is known only in the northernmost part, summer records are single, and in winter parti-coloured bats are found in settlements.
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<mods:namePart id="B01599C4B0B7B5491CAE7A7A634D2B16">Bertani, Rogério</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6745D15C095B57ADC434697591E75877">Laboratório de Ecologia e EvoluÇÃo, Instituto Butantan. 05503 - 900 SÃo Paulo, SP, Brazil. Corresponding author: Rogério Bertani (rogerio. bertani @ butantan. gov. br)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C5BF9725D708C57C2660B8E588FFA665">Bertani, Rogério</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9988779C699AD6F6FF16F6DFC4A30880">Laboratório de Ecologia e EvoluÇÃo, Instituto Butantan. 05503 - 900 SÃo Paulo, SP, Brazil. Corresponding author: Rogério Bertani (rogerio. bertani @ butantan. gov. br)</mods:affiliation>
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@ -56,7 +57,7 @@
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<subSubSection id="188F5E89FFD0F25E547D30C5FC4AFEEF" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
<paragraph id="502A0D02FFD0F254547D30C5FB79FAE5" blockId="7.[1045,1192,1279,1301]" box="[1045,1192,1279,1301]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFD0F254547D30C5FB79FAE5" box="[1045,1192,1279,1301]" captionStart-0="Figures 2427" captionStart-1="Figures 2830" captionStart-2="Figures 3135" captionStart-3="Figures 3638" captionStart-4="Figures 3941" captionStart-5="Figures 4244" captionStartId-0="8.[159,238,1111,1133]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,230,1237,1259]" captionStartId-2="10.[159,238,1456,1478]" captionStartId-3="11.[151,230,1293,1315]" captionStartId-4="12.[157,236,1475,1497]" captionStartId-5="14.[159,238,1670,1692]" captionTargetBox-0="[159,1436,197,1097]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1428,197,1221]" captionTargetBox-2="[231,1365,197,1443]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1428,197,1276]" captionTargetBox-4="[159,1436,197,1460]" captionTargetBox-5="[254,1341,197,1656]" captionTargetId-0="figure-393@8.[159,1436,197,1097]" captionTargetId-1="figure-276@9.[151,1428,197,1221]" captionTargetId-2="figure-158@10.[231,1365,197,1443]" captionTargetId-3="figure-249@11.[151,1428,197,1276]" captionTargetId-4="figure-146@12.[159,1436,197,1460]" captionTargetId-5="figure-79@14.[254,1341,197,1656]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionTargetPageId-3="11" captionTargetPageId-4="12" captionTargetPageId-5="14" captionText-0="Figures 2427. Vitalius restinga sp. nov., females, spermathecae, dorsal: (24) holotype (MNRJ 12939); (25) MNRJ 07723; (26) MNRJ 12948; (27) (MNRJ 13735). Scale bars: 1 mm." captionText-1="Figures 2830. Vitalius restinga sp. nov., male IBSP 8057, left bulb: (28) retrolateral; (29) prolateral; (30) dorsal. (A) apical keel, (PI) prolateral inferior keel, (PS) prolateral superior keel, (R) retrolateral keel, (SA) subapical keel. Scale bars: 1 mm." captionText-2="Figures 3135. Vitalius restinga sp. nov., male IBSP 8057. (3133) Left leg I tibial apophysis: (31) ventral; (32) prolateral; (33) retrolateral; (34) metatarsus and tibia I, retrolateral; (35) sternum, labium, maxillae and coxae. Scale bars: 1 mm." captionText-3="Figures 3638. Vitalius restinga sp. nov., male IBSP 300870, left bulb, variation: (36) retrolateral; (37) prolateral; (38) dorsal. (A) apical keel, (PI) prolateral inferior keel, (PS) prolateral superior keel, (R) retrolateral keel, (SA) subapical keel. Scale bars: 1 mm." captionText-4="Figures 3941. Vitalius restinga sp. nov., alive: (39) male IBSP 8057; (40, 41) female from Brazil, state of Rio de Janeiro, Saquarema, praia de Massambaba, in nature. Photos: (39) Rogério Bertani; (40, 41) Bruna Pozzebon." captionText-5="Figures 4244. Distribution of Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov. and V. restinga sp. nov. in Brazil: (42) map of Brazil showing the distribution of both species; (43) Detail of the distribution of V. sapiranga sp. nov.; (44) Detail of the distribution of V. restinga sp. nov. (Red circle) V. sapiranga sp. nov., (Blue square) V. restinga sp. nov.; (BA) state of Bahia, Brazil, (BR) Brazil, (RJ) state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, (SE) state of Sergipe, Brazil." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFD0F254547D30C5FB79FAE5" box="[1045,1192,1279,1301]" captionStart-0="Figures 2427" captionStart-1="Figures 2830" captionStart-2="Figures 3135" captionStart-3="Figures 3638" captionStart-4="Figures 3941" captionStart-5="Figures 4244" captionStartId-0="8.[159,238,1111,1133]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,230,1237,1259]" captionStartId-2="10.[159,238,1456,1478]" captionStartId-3="11.[151,230,1293,1315]" captionStartId-4="12.[157,236,1475,1497]" captionStartId-5="14.[159,238,1670,1692]" captionTargetBox-0="[159,1436,197,1097]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1428,197,1221]" captionTargetBox-2="[231,1365,197,1443]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1428,197,1276]" captionTargetBox-4="[159,1436,197,1460]" captionTargetBox-5="[254,1341,197,1656]" captionTargetId-0="figure-393@8.[159,1436,197,1097]" captionTargetId-1="figure-276@9.[151,1428,197,1221]" captionTargetId-2="figure-158@10.[231,1365,197,1443]" captionTargetId-3="figure-249@11.[151,1428,197,1276]" captionTargetId-4="figure-146@12.[159,1436,197,1460]" captionTargetId-5="figure-79@14.[254,1341,197,1656]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionTargetPageId-3="11" captionTargetPageId-4="12" captionTargetPageId-5="14" captionText-0="Figures 2427. Vitalius restinga sp. nov., females, spermathecae, dorsal: (24) holotype (MNRJ 12939); (25) MNRJ 07723; (26) MNRJ 12948; (27) (MNRJ 13735). Scale bars: 1 mm." captionText-1="Figures 2830. Vitalius restinga sp. nov., male IBSP 8057, left bulb: (28) retrolateral; (29) prolateral; (30) dorsal. (A) apical keel, (PI) prolateral inferior keel, (PS) prolateral superior keel, (R) retrolateral keel, (SA) subapical keel. Scale bars: 1 mm." captionText-2="Figures 3135. Vitalius restinga sp. nov., male IBSP 8057. (3133) Left leg I tibial apophysis: (31) ventral; (32) prolateral; (33) retrolateral; (34) metatarsus and tibia I, retrolateral; (35) sternum, labium, maxillae and coxae. Scale bars: 1 mm." captionText-3="Figures 3638. Vitalius restinga sp. nov., male IBSP 300870, left bulb, variation: (36) retrolateral; (37) prolateral; (38) dorsal. (A) apical keel, (PI) prolateral inferior keel, (PS) prolateral superior keel, (R) retrolateral keel, (SA) subapical keel. Scale bars: 1 mm." captionText-4="Figures 3941. Vitalius restinga sp. nov., alive: (39) male IBSP 8057; (40, 41) female from Brazil, state of Rio de Janeiro, Saquarema, praia de Massambaba, in nature. Photos: (39) Rogério Bertani; (40, 41) Bruna Pozzebon." captionText-5="Figures 4244. Distribution of Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov. and V. restinga sp. nov. in Brazil: (42) map of Brazil showing the distribution of both species; (43) Detail of the distribution of V. sapiranga sp. nov.; (44) Detail of the distribution of V. restinga sp. nov. (Red circle) V. sapiranga sp. nov., (Blue square) V. restinga sp. nov.; (BA) state of Bahia, Brazil, (BR) Brazil, (RJ) state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, (SE) state of Sergipe, Brazil." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176310" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176312" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176314" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176316" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176318" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176469" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13176310/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13176312/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13176314/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/13176316/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/13176318/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/13176469/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="62E1D110FFD0F254547D30C5FB79FAE5" bold="true" box="[1045,1192,1279,1301]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 2442, 44</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
@ -82,20 +83,20 @@ and
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="79D26C6BFFD0F254534131A3FCA9FA5E" box="[809,888,1433,1454]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
by the sternum much longer than wide (
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFD0F254555731A3FA5BFA5E" box="[1343,1418,1433,1454]" captionStart="Figures 3135" captionStartId="10.[159,238,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[231,1365,197,1443]" captionTargetId="figure-158@10.[231,1365,197,1443]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figures 3135. Vitalius restinga sp. nov., male IBSP 8057. (3133) Left leg I tibial apophysis: (31) ventral; (32) prolateral; (33) retrolateral; (34) metatarsus and tibia I, retrolateral; (35) sternum, labium, maxillae and coxae. Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFD0F254555731A3FA5BFA5E" box="[1343,1418,1433,1454]" captionStart="Figures 3135" captionStartId="10.[159,238,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[231,1365,197,1443]" captionTargetId="figure-158@10.[231,1365,197,1443]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figures 3135. Vitalius restinga sp. nov., male IBSP 8057. (3133) Left leg I tibial apophysis: (31) ventral; (32) prolateral; (33) retrolateral; (34) metatarsus and tibia I, retrolateral; (35) sternum, labium, maxillae and coxae. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176314/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
). Males differ from those of
<taxonomicName id="97957681FFD0F254545F3180FB01FA3F" authorityName="Bertani" authorityYear="2001" box="[1079,1232,1466,1487]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Vitalius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longisternalis">
<emphasis id="62E1D110FFD0F254545F3180FB01FA3F" box="[1079,1232,1466,1487]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">V.longisternalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the short apical keel (
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFD0F254533631E1FC1AFA00" box="[862,971,1499,1520]" captionStart="Figures 2830" captionStartId="9.[151,230,1237,1259]" captionTargetBox="[151,1428,197,1221]" captionTargetId="figure-276@9.[151,1428,197,1221]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 2830. Vitalius restinga sp. nov., male IBSP 8057, left bulb: (28) retrolateral; (29) prolateral; (30) dorsal. (A) apical keel, (PI) prolateral inferior keel, (PS) prolateral superior keel, (R) retrolateral keel, (SA) subapical keel. Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 2830</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFD0F254533631E1FC1AFA00" box="[862,971,1499,1520]" captionStart="Figures 2830" captionStartId="9.[151,230,1237,1259]" captionTargetBox="[151,1428,197,1221]" captionTargetId="figure-276@9.[151,1428,197,1221]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 2830. Vitalius restinga sp. nov., male IBSP 8057, left bulb: (28) retrolateral; (29) prolateral; (30) dorsal. (A) apical keel, (PI) prolateral inferior keel, (PS) prolateral superior keel, (R) retrolateral keel, (SA) subapical keel. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176312" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176312/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 2830</figureCitation>
) and from
<taxonomicName id="97957681FFD0F254545131E1FB60FA00" authorityName="Bertani" authorityYear="2023" box="[1081,1201,1499,1520]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Vitalius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapiranga" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="62E1D110FFD0F254545131E1FB60FA00" box="[1081,1201,1499,1520]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">V. sapiranga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="79D26C6BFFD0F25454DF31E1FAD0FA00" box="[1207,1281,1499,1520]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
by the slender embolus (
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFD0F25453E631C7FBD1F9E2" box="[910,1024,1533,1554]" captionStart="Figures 2830" captionStartId="9.[151,230,1237,1259]" captionTargetBox="[151,1428,197,1221]" captionTargetId="figure-276@9.[151,1428,197,1221]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 2830. Vitalius restinga sp. nov., male IBSP 8057, left bulb: (28) retrolateral; (29) prolateral; (30) dorsal. (A) apical keel, (PI) prolateral inferior keel, (PS) prolateral superior keel, (R) retrolateral keel, (SA) subapical keel. Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 2830</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFD0F25453E631C7FBD1F9E2" box="[910,1024,1533,1554]" captionStart="Figures 2830" captionStartId="9.[151,230,1237,1259]" captionTargetBox="[151,1428,197,1221]" captionTargetId="figure-276@9.[151,1428,197,1221]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 2830. Vitalius restinga sp. nov., male IBSP 8057, left bulb: (28) retrolateral; (29) prolateral; (30) dorsal. (A) apical keel, (PI) prolateral inferior keel, (PS) prolateral superior keel, (R) retrolateral keel, (SA) subapical keel. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176312" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176312/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 2830</figureCitation>
). Females differ from those of
<taxonomicName id="97957681FFD0F254555631C7FCA2F9C3" authorityName="Bertani" authorityYear="2001" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Vitalius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longisternalis">
<emphasis id="62E1D110FFD0F254555631C7FCA2F9C3" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">V. longisternalis</emphasis>
@ -106,7 +107,7 @@ and
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="79D26C6BFFD0F25454483224FBBBF9C3" box="[1056,1130,1566,1587]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
by the slender spermathecae receptacles (
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFD0F25453C53205FBF2F9A4" box="[941,1059,1599,1620]" captionStart="Figures 2427" captionStartId="8.[159,238,1111,1133]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,197,1097]" captionTargetId="figure-393@8.[159,1436,197,1097]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 2427. Vitalius restinga sp. nov., females, spermathecae, dorsal: (24) holotype (MNRJ 12939); (25) MNRJ 07723; (26) MNRJ 12948; (27) (MNRJ 13735). Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 2427</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFD0F25453C53205FBF2F9A4" box="[941,1059,1599,1620]" captionStart="Figures 2427" captionStartId="8.[159,238,1111,1133]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,197,1097]" captionTargetId="figure-393@8.[159,1436,197,1097]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 2427. Vitalius restinga sp. nov., females, spermathecae, dorsal: (24) holotype (MNRJ 12939); (25) MNRJ 07723; (26) MNRJ 12948; (27) (MNRJ 13735). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176310/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 2427</figureCitation>
). Additionally, males and females of
<taxonomicName id="97957681FFD0F254532E325BFC7FF986" authorityName="Bertani" authorityYear="2023" box="[838,942,1633,1654]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Vitalius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="restinga" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="62E1D110FFD0F254532E325BFC7FF986" box="[838,942,1633,1654]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">V. restinga</emphasis>
@ -319,7 +320,7 @@ Praia
, Ref 78336).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<caption id="04EA5D8AFFDFF25B50F7306DFD6DFB7D" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[159,238,1111,1133]" targetBox="[159,1436,197,1097]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<caption id="04EA5D8AFFDFF25B50F7306DFD6DFB7D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176310" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13176310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176310/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[159,238,1111,1133]" targetBox="[159,1436,197,1097]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="502A0D02FFDFF25B50F7306DFD6DFB7D" blockId="8.[158,1435,1111,1165]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="62E1D110FFDFF25B50F7306DFEE7FB9D" bold="true" box="[159,310,1111,1133]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figures 2427.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="97957681FFDFF25B5152306DFE0CFB9D" authorityName="Bertani" authorityYear="2023" box="[314,477,1111,1133]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Vitalius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="restinga" status="sp. nov.">
@ -334,7 +335,7 @@ Description.
<typeStatus id="8F2EB3A0FFDFF25B5391314DFB8CFA7C" box="[1017,1117,1399,1420]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female. Carapace 19.87 long, 16.10 wide, chelicera 11.50. Legs (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 13.63, 8.70, 10.25, 9.60, 6.06, 48.24. II: 12.25, 7.62, 8.92, 8.93, 5.95, 43.67. III: 11.15, 7.38, 8.31 9.35, 6.16, 42.35. IV: 13.34, 7.82, 11.31, 13.44, 6.85, 52.76. Palp: 10.24, 6.35, 7.62, , 6.94, 31.15. Midwidths: femora IIV = 2.76, 3.10, 3.51, 3.17, palp = 2.31; patellae IIV = 3.15, 3.22, 3.13, 3.24, palp = 2.78; tibiae IIV = 2.78, 2.60, 2.76, 2.85, palp = 2.57; metatarsi IIV = 2.30, 2.20, 2.09, 2.01; tarsi IIV = 2.30, 2.23, 2.09, 2.18, palp = 2.08. Abdomen 22.72 long, 16.70 wide. Spinnerets: PMS, 2.60 long, 1.17 wide, 1.56 apart; PLS, 3.54 basal, 2.78 middle, 3.89 distal; midwidths 1.78, 1.67, 1.14, respectively.
</paragraph>
<caption id="04EA5D8AFFDEF25A50FF30EFFA43FAFB" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[151,230,1237,1259]" targetBox="[151,1428,197,1221]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
<caption id="04EA5D8AFFDEF25A50FF30EFFA43FAFB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176312" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13176312" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176312/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[151,230,1237,1259]" targetBox="[151,1428,197,1221]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="502A0D02FFDEF25A50FF30EFFA43FAFB" blockId="9.[151,1430,1237,1291]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="62E1D110FFDEF25A50FF30EFFEE1FB1B" bold="true" box="[151,304,1237,1259]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figures 2830.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="97957681FFDEF25A515030EFFE0CFB1B" authorityName="Bertani" authorityYear="2023" box="[312,477,1237,1259]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Vitalius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="restinga" status="sp. nov.">
@ -346,7 +347,7 @@ female. Carapace 19.87 long, 16.10 wide, chelicera 11.50. Legs (femur, patella,
</caption>
<paragraph id="502A0D02FFDEF25A50BC316EFBDAFA5C" blockId="9.[149,773,1364,1785]" lastBlockId="9.[807,1431,1364,1785]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Carapace. Length to width 1.23; cephalic area raised, thoracic striae deep. Fovea: deep, straight, 3.39 wide. Carapace covered with short, slender, dense setae, bordered with long setae pointing out and some long setae pointing to the inner side. Eyes and eye tubercle: Tubercle 0.68 high, 2.25 long, 2.67 wide. Clypeus 0.31 wide. Anterior row procurved, posterior slightly recurved. Sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.66, ALE 0.68, PME 0.48, PLE 0.62, AMEAME 0.38, AME ALE 0.31, AMEPME 0.19, ALEALE 1.72, ALEPME 0.61, PMEPME 1.35, PMEPLE 0.16, PLEPLE 1.98, ALEPLE 0.33, AMEPLE 0.54. Eye group 2.64 wide, 1.43 long. Maxillae: Length 5.41, width 3.80. Cuspules: ca. 319 spread over ventral inner heel. Lyra absent. Labium 2.38 long, 3.89 wide, with 180 cuspules spaced by ca. one diameter from each other on the anterior third center. Labio-sternal groove deep, narrow, with two large sigilla.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="502A0D02FFDEF25A530D3182FA44F909" blockId="9.[807,1431,1364,1785]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Chelicerae. Rastellum absent, basal segment with 13 teeth on promargin and 23 denticles on basal area. Sternum: Length 9.51, width 6.89. Posterior angle rounded, not separating coxae IV. Sigilla: three pairs, ovals, all ca. one diameter from margin. Legs: formula: I = IV II III. Clavate trichobothria: on distal 2/3 of tarsi IIV. Stridulatory setae: Absent. Scopula: Retrolateral femur IV scopulate. Tarsi IIV fully scopulate. Metatarsi III fully scopulate; III 2/3, IV 2/5 distal scopulate. Metatarsus IV not divided by setae. Spination: palp: femur 0, patella 0, tibia v0-0-5(4ap), p0-1-1, leg I:</paragraph>
<caption id="04EA5D8AFFDDF25950F7318AFA92FA16" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[159,238,1456,1478]" targetBox="[231,1365,197,1443]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
<caption id="04EA5D8AFFDDF25950F7318AFA92FA16" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176314" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13176314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176314/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[159,238,1456,1478]" targetBox="[231,1365,197,1443]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="502A0D02FFDDF25950F7318AFA92FA16" blockId="10.[158,1435,1456,1510]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="62E1D110FFDDF25950F7318AFEE7FA36" bold="true" box="[159,310,1456,1478]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figures 3135.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="97957681FFDDF2595152318AFE0CFA36" authorityName="Bertani" authorityYear="2023" box="[314,477,1456,1478]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Vitalius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="restinga" status="sp. nov.">
@ -366,10 +367,10 @@ and length range: MA, I, 0.190.20; LA, I, 0.190.22; MM, I, 0.320.37; LM
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="502A0D02FFDDF25953053299FB8AF90B" blockId="10.[815,1437,1566,1787]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Genitalia. (
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFDDF25953B63299FBF4F948" box="[990,1061,1699,1720]" captionStart="Figures 2427" captionStartId="8.[159,238,1111,1133]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,197,1097]" captionTargetId="figure-393@8.[159,1436,197,1097]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 2427. Vitalius restinga sp. nov., females, spermathecae, dorsal: (24) holotype (MNRJ 12939); (25) MNRJ 07723; (26) MNRJ 12948; (27) (MNRJ 13735). Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFDDF25953B63299FBF4F948" box="[990,1061,1699,1720]" captionStart="Figures 2427" captionStartId="8.[159,238,1111,1133]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,197,1097]" captionTargetId="figure-393@8.[159,1436,197,1097]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 2427. Vitalius restinga sp. nov., females, spermathecae, dorsal: (24) holotype (MNRJ 12939); (25) MNRJ 07723; (26) MNRJ 12948; (27) (MNRJ 13735). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176310/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
): Two short spermathecae separated by sclerotized short area, spermathecal stalk narrower than rounded spermathecal bulb.
</paragraph>
<caption id="04EA5D8AFFDCF25850FF3137FEC7FA93" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[151,230,1293,1315]" targetBox="[151,1428,197,1276]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
<caption id="04EA5D8AFFDCF25850FF3137FEC7FA93" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176316" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13176316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176316/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[151,230,1293,1315]" targetBox="[151,1428,197,1276]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="502A0D02FFDCF25850FF3137FEC7FA93" blockId="11.[151,1429,1293,1379]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="62E1D110FFDCF25850FF3137FEFEFAD3" bold="true" box="[151,303,1293,1315]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figures 3638.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="97957681FFDCF258515C3137FE09FAD3" authorityName="Bertani" authorityYear="2023" box="[308,472,1293,1315]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Vitalius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="restinga" status="sp. nov.">
@ -407,7 +408,7 @@ male
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="04EA5D8AFFDBF25F50F531F9FB61FA09" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[157,236,1475,1497]" targetBox="[159,1436,197,1460]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
<caption id="04EA5D8AFFDBF25F50F531F9FB61FA09" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176318" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13176318" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176318/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[157,236,1475,1497]" targetBox="[159,1436,197,1460]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="502A0D02FFDBF25F50F531F9FB61FA09" blockId="12.[157,1436,1475,1529]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="62E1D110FFDBF25F50F531F9FEE4FA29" bold="true" box="[157,309,1475,1497]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figures 3941.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="97957681FFDBF25F515531F9FE33FA29" authorityName="Bertani" authorityYear="2023" box="[317,482,1475,1497]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Vitalius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="restinga" status="sp. nov.">
@ -419,17 +420,17 @@ male
</caption>
<paragraph id="502A0D02FFDBF25F50B33204FA4DF909" blockId="12.[157,780,1598,1785]" lastBlockId="12.[815,1439,1598,1785]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Carapace. Length to width 1.17; cephalic area moderately raised, thoracic striae deep. Fovea: deep, straight, 2.20 wide. Carapace covered with short, slender, dense setae, bordered with long setae pointing out. Eyes and eye tubercle: Tubercle 0.86 high, 1.94 long, 2.66 wide. Clypeus 0.14 wide. Anterior row procurved, posterior slightly recurved. Sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.64, ALE 0.67, PME 0.37, PLE 0.59, AMEAME 0.31, AMEALE 0.29, AMEPME 0.20, ALEALE 1.63, ALEPME 0.52, PMEPME 1.24, PMEPLE 0.15, PLE PLE 1.86, ALEPLE 0.29, AMEPLE 0.54. Eye group 2.62 wide, 1.36 long. Maxillae: Length 4.94, width 2.81. Cuspules: ca. 254 spread over ventral inner heel. Lyra absent (
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFDBF25F548732DEFAE4F909" box="[1263,1333,1764,1785]" captionStart="Figures 3135" captionStartId="10.[159,238,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[231,1365,197,1443]" captionTargetId="figure-158@10.[231,1365,197,1443]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figures 3135. Vitalius restinga sp. nov., male IBSP 8057. (3133) Left leg I tibial apophysis: (31) ventral; (32) prolateral; (33) retrolateral; (34) metatarsus and tibia I, retrolateral; (35) sternum, labium, maxillae and coxae. Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFDBF25F548732DEFAE4F909" box="[1263,1333,1764,1785]" captionStart="Figures 3135" captionStartId="10.[159,238,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[231,1365,197,1443]" captionTargetId="figure-158@10.[231,1365,197,1443]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figures 3135. Vitalius restinga sp. nov., male IBSP 8057. (3133) Left leg I tibial apophysis: (31) ventral; (32) prolateral; (33) retrolateral; (34) metatarsus and tibia I, retrolateral; (35) sternum, labium, maxillae and coxae. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176314/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
). Labium:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="502A0D02FFDAF25E50FF34FDFD21FEEF" blockId="13.[149,773,199,1787]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
2.27 long, 3.16 wide, with ca. 150 cuspules spaced by less than one diameter from each other on the anterior third center. Labio-sternal groove deep with two large sigilla (
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFDAF25E52F43530FD34FEEF" box="[668,741,266,287]" captionStart="Figures 3135" captionStartId="10.[159,238,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[231,1365,197,1443]" captionTargetId="figure-158@10.[231,1365,197,1443]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figures 3135. Vitalius restinga sp. nov., male IBSP 8057. (3133) Left leg I tibial apophysis: (31) ventral; (32) prolateral; (33) retrolateral; (34) metatarsus and tibia I, retrolateral; (35) sternum, labium, maxillae and coxae. Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFDAF25E52F43530FD34FEEF" box="[668,741,266,287]" captionStart="Figures 3135" captionStartId="10.[159,238,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[231,1365,197,1443]" captionTargetId="figure-158@10.[231,1365,197,1443]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figures 3135. Vitalius restinga sp. nov., male IBSP 8057. (3133) Left leg I tibial apophysis: (31) ventral; (32) prolateral; (33) retrolateral; (34) metatarsus and tibia I, retrolateral; (35) sternum, labium, maxillae and coxae. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176314/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="502A0D02FFDAF25E50BC3511FED9FCA6" blockId="13.[149,773,199,1787]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Chelicerae. Rastellum absent, basal segment with 11 teeth on promargin and 19 denticles on basal area. Sternum: Length 8.12, width 6.26. Posterior angle rounded, not separating coxae IV. Sigilla: three pairs, ovals, all ca. one diameter from margin (
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFDAF25E5142358BFEA2FE36" box="[298,371,433,454]" captionStart="Figures 3135" captionStartId="10.[159,238,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[231,1365,197,1443]" captionTargetId="figure-158@10.[231,1365,197,1443]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figures 3135. Vitalius restinga sp. nov., male IBSP 8057. (3133) Left leg I tibial apophysis: (31) ventral; (32) prolateral; (33) retrolateral; (34) metatarsus and tibia I, retrolateral; (35) sternum, labium, maxillae and coxae. Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFDAF25E5142358BFEA2FE36" box="[298,371,433,454]" captionStart="Figures 3135" captionStartId="10.[159,238,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[231,1365,197,1443]" captionTargetId="figure-158@10.[231,1365,197,1443]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figures 3135. Vitalius restinga sp. nov., male IBSP 8057. (3133) Left leg I tibial apophysis: (31) ventral; (32) prolateral; (33) retrolateral; (34) metatarsus and tibia I, retrolateral; (35) sternum, labium, maxillae and coxae. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176314/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
). Legs: leg formula: IV I II III. Clavate trichobothria: on distal 2/3 of tarsi IIV. Stridulatory setae: absent. Scopula: Retrolateral femur IV scopulate. Tarsi IIV fully scopulate. Metatarsi III fully scopulate, III 2/3, IV 2/5 distal scopulate. Metatarsus IV scopula not divided by row of setae. Spination: palp: femur p0-0-1, patella 0, tibia p3-2-1; leg I: femur p0-0-1, patella 0, tibia v0-0-1, metatarsus v0-0-1ap; leg II: femur 0, patella 0, tibia v0-1-4ap; metatarsus v0-0-1ap; leg III: femur 0, patella 0, tibia v1-0-2ap, p0-0-1, r0-0-1, metatarsus v0-2-3ap, p1-0-1, r0-0-1; leg IV: femur 0, patella 0, tibia v1-4-4(3ap), r0-1-0, metatarsus v22(4ap), p0-0-1. Claws: ITC absent from all legs; STC with a single row of 36 denticles on all legs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="502A0D02FFDAF25E50BC3758FCD4FC2B" blockId="13.[149,773,199,1787]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
@ -450,11 +451,11 @@ and length range: MA, I, 0.240.28; LA, I, 0.240.30;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="502A0D02FFDAF25E50BC37DDFD42FA9B" blockId="13.[149,773,199,1787]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Palp (
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFDAF25E517E37DDFE43FC0C" box="[278,402,999,1020]" captionStart="Figures 2830" captionStartId="9.[151,230,1237,1259]" captionTargetBox="[151,1428,197,1221]" captionTargetId="figure-276@9.[151,1428,197,1221]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 2830. Vitalius restinga sp. nov., male IBSP 8057, left bulb: (28) retrolateral; (29) prolateral; (30) dorsal. (A) apical keel, (PI) prolateral inferior keel, (PS) prolateral superior keel, (R) retrolateral keel, (SA) subapical keel. Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 2830</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFDAF25E517E37DDFE43FC0C" box="[278,402,999,1020]" captionStart="Figures 2830" captionStartId="9.[151,230,1237,1259]" captionTargetBox="[151,1428,197,1221]" captionTargetId="figure-276@9.[151,1428,197,1221]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 2830. Vitalius restinga sp. nov., male IBSP 8057, left bulb: (28) retrolateral; (29) prolateral; (30) dorsal. (A) apical keel, (PI) prolateral inferior keel, (PS) prolateral superior keel, (R) retrolateral keel, (SA) subapical keel. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176312" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176312/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 2830</figureCitation>
). Palpal bulb pyriform, embolus length 2.10, tegulum length 1.24, embolus slightly flattened laterally at distal region, apex short. Prolateral keels present. PS forming embolus edge distally. A present, short. R present, sharp. SA present, weakly developed. Bifid tibial spur with processes originating from common base, both roughly straight, retrolateral longer, with a slight curvature at its distal portion. A romboid spine at the internal face of prolateral process and another at the internal face of distal retrolateral process (
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFDAF25E51D23129FDE1FAD8" box="[442,560,1299,1320]" captionStart="Figures 3135" captionStartId="10.[159,238,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[231,1365,197,1443]" captionTargetId="figure-158@10.[231,1365,197,1443]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figures 3135. Vitalius restinga sp. nov., male IBSP 8057. (3133) Left leg I tibial apophysis: (31) ventral; (32) prolateral; (33) retrolateral; (34) metatarsus and tibia I, retrolateral; (35) sternum, labium, maxillae and coxae. Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 3134</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFDAF25E51D23129FDE1FAD8" box="[442,560,1299,1320]" captionStart="Figures 3135" captionStartId="10.[159,238,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[231,1365,197,1443]" captionTargetId="figure-158@10.[231,1365,197,1443]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figures 3135. Vitalius restinga sp. nov., male IBSP 8057. (3133) Left leg I tibial apophysis: (31) ventral; (32) prolateral; (33) retrolateral; (34) metatarsus and tibia I, retrolateral; (35) sternum, labium, maxillae and coxae. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176314/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 3134</figureCitation>
). Metatarsus I with a curvature at its proximal third, when folded touches the retrolateral face of retrolateral process (
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFDAF25E5256316CFD56FA9B" box="[574,647,1366,1387]" captionStart="Figures 3135" captionStartId="10.[159,238,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[231,1365,197,1443]" captionTargetId="figure-158@10.[231,1365,197,1443]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figures 3135. Vitalius restinga sp. nov., male IBSP 8057. (3133) Left leg I tibial apophysis: (31) ventral; (32) prolateral; (33) retrolateral; (34) metatarsus and tibia I, retrolateral; (35) sternum, labium, maxillae and coxae. Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFDAF25E5256316CFD56FA9B" box="[574,647,1366,1387]" captionStart="Figures 3135" captionStartId="10.[159,238,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[231,1365,197,1443]" captionTargetId="figure-158@10.[231,1365,197,1443]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figures 3135. Vitalius restinga sp. nov., male IBSP 8057. (3133) Left leg I tibial apophysis: (31) ventral; (32) prolateral; (33) retrolateral; (34) metatarsus and tibia I, retrolateral; (35) sternum, labium, maxillae and coxae. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176314/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="502A0D02FFDAF25E50BC314DFE29FA7C" blockId="13.[149,773,199,1787]" box="[212,504,1399,1420]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Color pattern. As in female.</paragraph>
@ -464,7 +465,7 @@ Distribution:
, known only from some restingas in the coast of the state of
<collectingRegion id="9251C3E0FFDAF25E51C73180FD97FA3F" box="[431,582,1466,1487]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFDAF25E523B3180FD15FA3F" box="[595,708,1466,1487]" captionStart="Figures 4244" captionStartId="14.[159,238,1670,1692]" captionTargetBox="[254,1341,197,1656]" captionTargetId="figure-79@14.[254,1341,197,1656]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figures 4244. Distribution of Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov. and V. restinga sp. nov. in Brazil: (42) map of Brazil showing the distribution of both species; (43) Detail of the distribution of V. sapiranga sp. nov.; (44) Detail of the distribution of V. restinga sp. nov. (Red circle) V. sapiranga sp. nov., (Blue square) V. restinga sp. nov.; (BA) state of Bahia, Brazil, (BR) Brazil, (RJ) state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, (SE) state of Sergipe, Brazil." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 42, 44</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFDAF25E523B3180FD15FA3F" box="[595,708,1466,1487]" captionStart="Figures 4244" captionStartId="14.[159,238,1670,1692]" captionTargetBox="[254,1341,197,1656]" captionTargetId="figure-79@14.[254,1341,197,1656]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figures 4244. Distribution of Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov. and V. restinga sp. nov. in Brazil: (42) map of Brazil showing the distribution of both species; (43) Detail of the distribution of V. sapiranga sp. nov.; (44) Detail of the distribution of V. restinga sp. nov. (Red circle) V. sapiranga sp. nov., (Blue square) V. restinga sp. nov.; (BA) state of Bahia, Brazil, (BR) Brazil, (RJ) state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, (SE) state of Sergipe, Brazil." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176469" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176469/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 42, 44</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="502A0D02FFDAF25E50BC31E1FD77F9E2" blockId="13.[149,773,199,1787]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the restinga, a Brazilian ecoregion, where this species is found.</paragraph>
@ -477,9 +478,9 @@ of
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="79D26C6BFFDAF25E52163224FD1BF9C3" box="[638,714,1566,1587]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
were available for study and the male bulbs show an important degree of intraspecific variation (
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFDAF25E5197325BFDA3F986" box="[511,626,1633,1654]" captionStart="Figures 2830" captionStartId="9.[151,230,1237,1259]" captionTargetBox="[151,1428,197,1221]" captionTargetId="figure-276@9.[151,1428,197,1221]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 2830. Vitalius restinga sp. nov., male IBSP 8057, left bulb: (28) retrolateral; (29) prolateral; (30) dorsal. (A) apical keel, (PI) prolateral inferior keel, (PS) prolateral superior keel, (R) retrolateral keel, (SA) subapical keel. Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 2830</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFDAF25E5197325BFDA3F986" box="[511,626,1633,1654]" captionStart="Figures 2830" captionStartId="9.[151,230,1237,1259]" captionTargetBox="[151,1428,197,1221]" captionTargetId="figure-276@9.[151,1428,197,1221]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 2830. Vitalius restinga sp. nov., male IBSP 8057, left bulb: (28) retrolateral; (29) prolateral; (30) dorsal. (A) apical keel, (PI) prolateral inferior keel, (PS) prolateral superior keel, (R) retrolateral keel, (SA) subapical keel. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176312" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176312/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 2830</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFDAF25E5215325BFD6FF986" box="[637,702,1633,1654]" captionStart="Figures 3638" captionStartId="11.[151,230,1293,1315]" captionTargetBox="[151,1428,197,1276]" captionTargetId="figure-249@11.[151,1428,197,1276]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figures 3638. Vitalius restinga sp. nov., male IBSP 300870, left bulb, variation: (36) retrolateral; (37) prolateral; (38) dorsal. (A) apical keel, (PI) prolateral inferior keel, (PS) prolateral superior keel, (R) retrolateral keel, (SA) subapical keel. Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3638</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFDAF25E5215325BFD6FF986" box="[637,702,1633,1654]" captionStart="Figures 3638" captionStartId="11.[151,230,1293,1315]" captionTargetBox="[151,1428,197,1276]" captionTargetId="figure-249@11.[151,1428,197,1276]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figures 3638. Vitalius restinga sp. nov., male IBSP 300870, left bulb, variation: (36) retrolateral; (37) prolateral; (38) dorsal. (A) apical keel, (PI) prolateral inferior keel, (PS) prolateral superior keel, (R) retrolateral keel, (SA) subapical keel. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176316/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3638</figureCitation>
), as in the
<typeStatus id="8F2EB3A0FFDAF25E50AB32B8FEF0F967" box="[195,289,1666,1687]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
used in the description the keels are not so developed. I have no doubt, though, they are conspecific, since the

View file

@ -1,45 +1,46 @@
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<emphasis id="62E1D110FFD6F2525461304FFB65FB7B" bold="true" box="[1033,1204,1141,1163]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFD6F2525461304FFBBCFB7B" box="[1033,1133,1141,1163]" captionStart-0="Figures 13" captionStart-1="Figures 48" captionStart-2="Figures 911" captionStart-3="Figures 1215" captionStart-4="Figures 1619" captionStart-5="Figures 2023" captionStartId-0="2.[159,238,1279,1301]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,230,1519,1541]" captionStartId-2="4.[159,238,1175,1197]" captionStartId-3="5.[151,230,1097,1119]" captionStartId-4="6.[159,238,1101,1123]" captionStartId-5="7.[151,230,1090,1112]" captionTargetBox-0="[159,1436,197,1265]" captionTargetBox-1="[223,1357,197,1505]" captionTargetBox-2="[159,1436,197,1159]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1428,197,1084]" captionTargetBox-4="[159,1436,197,1089]" captionTargetBox-5="[151,1428,197,1076]" captionTargetId-0="figure-277@2.[159,1436,197,1265]" captionTargetId-1="figure-121@3.[223,1357,197,1505]" captionTargetId-2="figure-307@4.[159,1436,197,1159]" captionTargetId-3="figure-361@5.[151,1428,197,1084]" captionTargetId-4="figure-360@6.[159,1436,197,1089]" captionTargetId-5="figure-308@7.[151,1428,197,1076]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionTargetPageId-4="6" captionTargetPageId-5="7" captionText-0="Figures 13. Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov., holotype male, left bulb: (1) retrolateral; (2) prolateral; (3) dorsal. (A) apical keel, (PI) prolateral inferior keel, (PS) prolateral superior keel, (R) retrolateral keel, (SA) subapical keel. Scale bars: 1 mm." captionText-1="Figures 48. Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov., holotype male. (46) Left leg I tibial apophysis: (4) ventral; (5) prolateral; (6) retrolateral; (7) metatarsus and tibia I, retrolateral; (8) sternum, labium, maxillae and coxae. Scale bars: 1 mm." captionText-2="Figures 911. Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov., MNRJ 07725, male, left bulb, variation: (9) retrolateral; (10) prolateral; (11) dorsal. (A) apical keel, (PI) prolateral inferior keel, (PS) prolateral superior keel, (R) retrolateral keel, (SA) subapical keel. Scale bars: 1 mm." captionText-3="Figures 1215. Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov., females, spermathecae, dorsal: (12) IBSP 8534; (13) MZUSP 77912; (14) MNRJ 07726; (15) same, exuvium. Scale bars: 1 mm." captionText-4="Figures 1619.Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov., alive: (16) female (MNRJ 07726); (17) male (MNRJ 07725); (18) female (IBSP 8534); (19) immature from Brazil, state of Sergipe, Santa Luzia do Itanhy, Crasto. Photos: Rogério Bertani." captionText-5="Figures 2023. Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov., habitat: (20) general view of a restinga area in RPPN Sapiranga, Mata de São João, state of Bahia, Brazil; (21) bromeliad in the same area; (22) female with eggsac using the bromeliad as retreat; (23) same, detail. Photos: Rogério Bertani." pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs 123</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFD6F2525461304FFBBCFB7B" box="[1033,1133,1141,1163]" captionStart-0="Figures 13" captionStart-1="Figures 48" captionStart-2="Figures 911" captionStart-3="Figures 1215" captionStart-4="Figures 1619" captionStart-5="Figures 2023" captionStartId-0="2.[159,238,1279,1301]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,230,1519,1541]" captionStartId-2="4.[159,238,1175,1197]" captionStartId-3="5.[151,230,1097,1119]" captionStartId-4="6.[159,238,1101,1123]" captionStartId-5="7.[151,230,1090,1112]" captionTargetBox-0="[159,1436,197,1265]" captionTargetBox-1="[223,1357,197,1505]" captionTargetBox-2="[159,1436,197,1159]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1428,197,1084]" captionTargetBox-4="[159,1436,197,1089]" captionTargetBox-5="[151,1428,197,1076]" captionTargetId-0="figure-277@2.[159,1436,197,1265]" captionTargetId-1="figure-121@3.[223,1357,197,1505]" captionTargetId-2="figure-307@4.[159,1436,197,1159]" captionTargetId-3="figure-361@5.[151,1428,197,1084]" captionTargetId-4="figure-360@6.[159,1436,197,1089]" captionTargetId-5="figure-308@7.[151,1428,197,1076]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionTargetPageId-4="6" captionTargetPageId-5="7" captionText-0="Figures 13. Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov., holotype male, left bulb: (1) retrolateral; (2) prolateral; (3) dorsal. (A) apical keel, (PI) prolateral inferior keel, (PS) prolateral superior keel, (R) retrolateral keel, (SA) subapical keel. Scale bars: 1 mm." captionText-1="Figures 48. Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov., holotype male. (46) Left leg I tibial apophysis: (4) ventral; (5) prolateral; (6) retrolateral; (7) metatarsus and tibia I, retrolateral; (8) sternum, labium, maxillae and coxae. Scale bars: 1 mm." captionText-2="Figures 911. Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov., MNRJ 07725, male, left bulb, variation: (9) retrolateral; (10) prolateral; (11) dorsal. (A) apical keel, (PI) prolateral inferior keel, (PS) prolateral superior keel, (R) retrolateral keel, (SA) subapical keel. Scale bars: 1 mm." captionText-3="Figures 1215. Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov., females, spermathecae, dorsal: (12) IBSP 8534; (13) MZUSP 77912; (14) MNRJ 07726; (15) same, exuvium. Scale bars: 1 mm." captionText-4="Figures 1619.Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov., alive: (16) female (MNRJ 07726); (17) male (MNRJ 07725); (18) female (IBSP 8534); (19) immature from Brazil, state of Sergipe, Santa Luzia do Itanhy, Crasto. Photos: Rogério Bertani." captionText-5="Figures 2023. Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov., habitat: (20) general view of a restinga area in RPPN Sapiranga, Mata de São João, state of Bahia, Brazil; (21) bromeliad in the same area; (22) female with eggsac using the bromeliad as retreat; (23) same, detail. Photos: Rogério Bertani." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176298" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176300" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176302" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176304" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176306" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176308" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13176298/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13176300/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13176302/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/13176304/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/13176306/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/13176308/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs 123</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFD6F252541F304FFB65FB7B" box="[1143,1204,1141,1163]" captionStart="Figures 4244" captionStartId="14.[159,238,1670,1692]" captionTargetBox="[254,1341,197,1656]" captionTargetId="figure-79@14.[254,1341,197,1656]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figures 4244. Distribution of Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov. and V. restinga sp. nov. in Brazil: (42) map of Brazil showing the distribution of both species; (43) Detail of the distribution of V. sapiranga sp. nov.; (44) Detail of the distribution of V. restinga sp. nov. (Red circle) V. sapiranga sp. nov., (Blue square) V. restinga sp. nov.; (BA) state of Bahia, Brazil, (BR) Brazil, (RJ) state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, (SE) state of Sergipe, Brazil." pageId="1" pageNumber="2">4243</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFD6F252541F304FFB65FB7B" box="[1143,1204,1141,1163]" captionStart="Figures 4244" captionStartId="14.[159,238,1670,1692]" captionTargetBox="[254,1341,197,1656]" captionTargetId="figure-79@14.[254,1341,197,1656]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figures 4244. Distribution of Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov. and V. restinga sp. nov. in Brazil: (42) map of Brazil showing the distribution of both species; (43) Detail of the distribution of V. sapiranga sp. nov.; (44) Detail of the distribution of V. restinga sp. nov. (Red circle) V. sapiranga sp. nov., (Blue square) V. restinga sp. nov.; (BA) state of Bahia, Brazil, (BR) Brazil, (RJ) state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, (SE) state of Sergipe, Brazil." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176469" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176469/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">4243</figureCitation>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="502A0D02FFD6F2525347309EFA5EFB4A" blockId="1.[815,1423,1188,1210]" box="[815,1423,1188,1210]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
@ -84,20 +85,20 @@ and
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="79D26C6BFFD6F252551230C8FC83FAD8" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
by the sternum much longer than wide (
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFD6F252556F3129FA90FAD8" box="[1287,1345,1299,1320]" captionStart="Figures 48" captionStartId="3.[151,230,1519,1541]" captionTargetBox="[223,1357,197,1505]" captionTargetId="figure-121@3.[223,1357,197,1505]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 48. Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov., holotype male. (46) Left leg I tibial apophysis: (4) ventral; (5) prolateral; (6) retrolateral; (7) metatarsus and tibia I, retrolateral; (8) sternum, labium, maxillae and coxae. Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFD6F252556F3129FA90FAD8" box="[1287,1345,1299,1320]" captionStart="Figures 48" captionStartId="3.[151,230,1519,1541]" captionTargetBox="[223,1357,197,1505]" captionTargetId="figure-121@3.[223,1357,197,1505]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 48. Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov., holotype male. (46) Left leg I tibial apophysis: (4) ventral; (5) prolateral; (6) retrolateral; (7) metatarsus and tibia I, retrolateral; (8) sternum, labium, maxillae and coxae. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176300" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176300/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). Males differ from those of
<taxonomicName id="97957681FFD6F2525394310FFB48FABA" authorityName="Bertani" authorityYear="2001" box="[1020,1177,1333,1354]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Vitalius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longisternalis">
<emphasis id="62E1D110FFD6F2525394310FFB48FABA" box="[1020,1177,1333,1354]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">V. longisternalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the short apical keel (
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFD6F2525358316CFC54FA9B" box="[816,901,1366,1387]" captionStart="Figures 13" captionStartId="2.[159,238,1279,1301]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,197,1265]" captionTargetId="figure-277@2.[159,1436,197,1265]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 13. Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov., holotype male, left bulb: (1) retrolateral; (2) prolateral; (3) dorsal. (A) apical keel, (PI) prolateral inferior keel, (PS) prolateral superior keel, (R) retrolateral keel, (SA) subapical keel. Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs 13</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFD6F2525358316CFC54FA9B" box="[816,901,1366,1387]" captionStart="Figures 13" captionStartId="2.[159,238,1279,1301]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,197,1265]" captionTargetId="figure-277@2.[159,1436,197,1265]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 13. Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov., holotype male, left bulb: (1) retrolateral; (2) prolateral; (3) dorsal. (A) apical keel, (PI) prolateral inferior keel, (PS) prolateral superior keel, (R) retrolateral keel, (SA) subapical keel. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176298" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176298/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs 13</figureCitation>
) and from
<taxonomicName id="97957681FFD6F252539F316CFB8CFA9B" authorityName="Bertani" authorityYear="2023" box="[1015,1117,1366,1387]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Vitalius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="restinga" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="62E1D110FFD6F252539F316CFB8CFA9B" box="[1015,1117,1366,1387]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">V. restinga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="79D26C6BFFD6F252540B316CFB7EFA9B" box="[1123,1199,1366,1387]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
by the bulky embolus (
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFD6F2525346314DFC56FA7C" box="[814,903,1399,1420]" captionStart="Figures 13" captionStartId="2.[159,238,1279,1301]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,197,1265]" captionTargetId="figure-277@2.[159,1436,197,1265]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 13. Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov., holotype male, left bulb: (1) retrolateral; (2) prolateral; (3) dorsal. (A) apical keel, (PI) prolateral inferior keel, (PS) prolateral superior keel, (R) retrolateral keel, (SA) subapical keel. Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs 13</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFD6F2525346314DFC56FA7C" box="[814,903,1399,1420]" captionStart="Figures 13" captionStartId="2.[159,238,1279,1301]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,197,1265]" captionTargetId="figure-277@2.[159,1436,197,1265]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 13. Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov., holotype male, left bulb: (1) retrolateral; (2) prolateral; (3) dorsal. (A) apical keel, (PI) prolateral inferior keel, (PS) prolateral superior keel, (R) retrolateral keel, (SA) subapical keel. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176298" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176298/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs 13</figureCitation>
). Females differ from those of
<taxonomicName id="97957681FFD6F25254A2314DFAB7FA7C" authorityName="Bertani" authorityYear="2001" box="[1226,1382,1399,1420]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Vitalius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longisternalis">
<emphasis id="62E1D110FFD6F25254A2314DFAB7FA7C" box="[1226,1382,1399,1420]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">V. longisternalis</emphasis>
@ -108,7 +109,7 @@ and
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="79D26C6BFFD6F25253F331A3FC3BFA5E" box="[923,1002,1433,1454]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
by the wider spermathecae receptacles (
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFD6F25253583180FC73FA3F" box="[816,930,1466,1487]" captionStart="Figures 1215" captionStartId="5.[151,230,1097,1119]" captionTargetBox="[151,1428,197,1084]" captionTargetId="figure-361@5.[151,1428,197,1084]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 1215. Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov., females, spermathecae, dorsal: (12) IBSP 8534; (13) MZUSP 77912; (14) MNRJ 07726; (15) same, exuvium. Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs 1215</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFD6F25253583180FC73FA3F" box="[816,930,1466,1487]" captionStart="Figures 1215" captionStartId="5.[151,230,1097,1119]" captionTargetBox="[151,1428,197,1084]" captionTargetId="figure-361@5.[151,1428,197,1084]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 1215. Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov., females, spermathecae, dorsal: (12) IBSP 8534; (13) MZUSP 77912; (14) MNRJ 07726; (15) same, exuvium. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176304" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176304/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs 1215</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="502A0D02FFD6F251530D31E1FD9CF91F" blockId="1.[807,1430,1233,1787]" lastBlockId="2.[157,780,1387,1775]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
@ -248,7 +249,7 @@ female, same locality, collectors and data, in bromeliad with eggsac (
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<caption id="04EA5D8AFFD5F25150F730C5FAE2FAC5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" startId="2.[159,238,1279,1301]" targetBox="[159,1436,197,1265]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<caption id="04EA5D8AFFD5F25150F730C5FAE2FAC5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176298" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13176298" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176298/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" startId="2.[159,238,1279,1301]" targetBox="[159,1436,197,1265]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="502A0D02FFD5F25150F730C5FAE2FAC5" blockId="2.[157,1435,1279,1333]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="62E1D110FFD5F25150F730C5FECDFAE5" bold="true" box="[159,284,1279,1301]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figures 13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="97957681FFD5F251514830C5FE09FAE5" authorityName="Bertani" authorityYear="2023" box="[288,472,1279,1301]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Vitalius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapiranga" status="sp. nov.">
@ -263,7 +264,7 @@ Description.
<typeStatus id="8F2EB3A0FFD5F25153863151FB9EFA70" box="[1006,1103,1387,1408]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male. Carapace:19.65 long, 17.65 wide, chelicerae 9.35. Legs (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 18.86, 9.60, 16.01, 15.18, 8.53, 68.18. II: 17.70, 8.18, 14.23, 14.70, 8.53, 63.34. III: 15.00, 7.80, 12.71, 15.62, 8.14, 59.27. IV: 18.35, 8.03, 15.77, 21.91, 9.04, 73.10. Palp: 11.47, 6.13, 9.35, , 4.10, 31.05. Midwidths: femora IIV = 3.50, 3.51, 4.43, 3.68, palp = 2.48; patellae IIV = 3.45, 3.42, 3.59, 3.36, palp = 2.73; tibiae IIV = 2.89, 2.81, 2.71, 2.83, palp = 3.11; metatarsi IIV = 1.91, 1.71, 1.83, 1.74; tarsi IIV = 1.51, 1.35, 1.42, 1.42, palp = 2.10. Abdomen 16.28 long, 9.00 wide. Spinnerets: PMS, 2.06 long, 0.72 wide, 0.94 apart; PLS, 2.91 basal, 2.52 middle, 3.53 distal; midwidths 1.11, 0.97, 0.69, respectively.
</paragraph>
<caption id="04EA5D8AFFD4F25050FF31D5FB21F9D5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[151,230,1519,1541]" targetBox="[223,1357,197,1505]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<caption id="04EA5D8AFFD4F25050FF31D5FB21F9D5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176300" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13176300" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176300/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[151,230,1519,1541]" targetBox="[223,1357,197,1505]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="502A0D02FFD4F25050FF31D5FB21F9D5" blockId="3.[151,1428,1519,1573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="62E1D110FFD4F25050FF31D5FEC7F9F5" bold="true" box="[151,278,1519,1541]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figures 48.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="97957681FFD4F250517431D5FE04F9F5" authorityName="Bertani" authorityYear="2023" box="[284,469,1519,1541]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Vitalius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapiranga" status="sp. nov.">
@ -276,9 +277,9 @@ male. Carapace:19.65 long, 17.65 wide, chelicerae 9.35. Legs (femur, patella, ti
<paragraph id="502A0D02FFD4F25050BC3265FCD2F909" blockId="3.[151,772,1631,1785]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Carapace: Length to width 1.11; cephalic area moderately raised, thoracic striae deep. Fovea: deep, straight, 2.81 wide. Carapace covered with short, slender, dense setae, bordered with long setae pointing out. Eyes and eye tubercle: Tubercle 0.77 high, 2.05 long, 2.64 wide. Clypeus</paragraph>
<paragraph id="502A0D02FFD4F25653413265FB9CFA9B" blockId="3.[807,1431,1631,1785]" lastBlockId="5.[807,1430,1200,1787]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
0.40 wide. Anterior row procurved, posterior recurved. Sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.56, ALE 0.72, PME 0.40, PLE 0.58, AMEAME 0.43, AMEALE 0.27, AMEPME 0.20, ALEALE 1.62, ALEPME 0.44, PMEPME 1.25, PMEPLE 0.21, PLEPLE 1.92, ALEPLE 0.36, AMEPLE 0.65. Eye group 2.64 wide, 1.32 long. Maxillae: Length 5.40, width 3.69. Cuspules: ca. 212 spread over ventral inner heel. Lyra absent. Labium: 2.16 long, 3.20 wide, with ca. 181 cuspules spaced by ca. one diameter from each other on the anteri- or third center. Labio-sternal groove deep with two large sigilla (
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFD3F257508331EFFEF5FA1A" box="[235,292,1493,1514]" captionStart="Figures 48" captionStartId="3.[151,230,1519,1541]" captionTargetBox="[223,1357,197,1505]" captionTargetId="figure-121@3.[223,1357,197,1505]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 48. Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov., holotype male. (46) Left leg I tibial apophysis: (4) ventral; (5) prolateral; (6) retrolateral; (7) metatarsus and tibia I, retrolateral; (8) sternum, labium, maxillae and coxae. Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFD3F257508331EFFEF5FA1A" box="[235,292,1493,1514]" captionStart="Figures 48" captionStartId="3.[151,230,1519,1541]" captionTargetBox="[223,1357,197,1505]" captionTargetId="figure-121@3.[223,1357,197,1505]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 48. Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov., holotype male. (46) Left leg I tibial apophysis: (4) ventral; (5) prolateral; (6) retrolateral; (7) metatarsus and tibia I, retrolateral; (8) sternum, labium, maxillae and coxae. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176300" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176300/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). Chelicerae: Rastellum absent, basal segment with 9 teeth on promargin and ca. 20 denticles on basal area. Sternum: Length 9.39, width 6.57. Posterior angle rounded, not separating coxae IV. Sigilla: first and second pairs rounded; third oval, all ca. one diameter from margin (
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFD3F25750CD3246FF33F961" box="[165,226,1660,1681]" captionStart="Figures 48" captionStartId="3.[151,230,1519,1541]" captionTargetBox="[223,1357,197,1505]" captionTargetId="figure-121@3.[223,1357,197,1505]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 48. Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov., holotype male. (46) Left leg I tibial apophysis: (4) ventral; (5) prolateral; (6) retrolateral; (7) metatarsus and tibia I, retrolateral; (8) sternum, labium, maxillae and coxae. Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFD3F25750CD3246FF33F961" box="[165,226,1660,1681]" captionStart="Figures 48" captionStartId="3.[151,230,1519,1541]" captionTargetBox="[223,1357,197,1505]" captionTargetId="figure-121@3.[223,1357,197,1505]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 48. Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov., holotype male. (46) Left leg I tibial apophysis: (4) ventral; (5) prolateral; (6) retrolateral; (7) metatarsus and tibia I, retrolateral; (8) sternum, labium, maxillae and coxae. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176300" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176300/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). Legs: leg formula: IV I II III. Clavate trichobothria: on distal 2/3 of tarsi IIV. Stridulatory setae: Absent. Scopula: Retrolateral femur IV scopulate. Tarsi IIV fully scopulate. Metatarsi I-II fully scopulate, III 1/2, IV 1/4 distal scopulate. Metatarsus IV scopula divided by row of 34 setae. Spination: palp: femur p0-0-1, patella p1, tibia v0-1-0, p2-4-2; leg I: femur p0-0-1, patella 0, tibia v2-2-1, p1-0-0, r0-1- 1, metatarsus v0-1-1ap; leg II: femur p0-1-1, patella 0, tibia v2-2-4ap, p1-1-1, r0-1-0; metatarsus v1-1-2ap, p2-0-0, r0-1-0; leg III: femur p0-0-1, r0-0-1, patella p1, r1, tibia v1-2-4ap, p1- 1-1, r1-1-0, metatarsus v3-3-3ap, p1-1-1, r0-1-1; leg IV: femur r0-0-1, patella 0, tibia v2-2-4(2ap), p0-1-1, r1-1-1, metatarsus v19(3ap), p1-2-1, r1-1-1. Claws: ITC absent from all legs; STC with a single row of 47 denticles on all legs. Urticating setae: Abdomen bald. Information from specimen MNRJ 07725. Position,
<typeStatus id="8F2EB3A0FFD3F257538C32A7FBC2F942" box="[996,1043,1693,1714]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
and length range: MA, I, 0.300.42; LA, I, 0.260.30; MM, I, 0.630.65; LM, I, 0.230.29; MP, I, 0.290.38; LP, I, 0.320.34. Intermediates of
@ -291,14 +292,14 @@ I and III on MM region having very small to absent reversed barbed region (
<quantity id="976DA0E7FFD2F25650FF312EFF6CFAD9" box="[151,189,1300,1321]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="340470F3FFD2F25650AB312EFDC0FAD9" author="Bertani R &amp; Guadanucci JPL" box="[195,529,1300,1321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="403 - 418" refId="ref8835" refString="Bertani R, Guadanucci JPL (2013) Morphology, evolution and usage of urticating setae by tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Zoologia 30 (4): 403 - 418. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1984 - 46702013000400006" type="journal article" year="2013">Bertani and Guadanucci (2013)</bibRefCitation>
. Palp (
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFD2F256523D312EFD7FFAD9" box="[597,686,1300,1321]" captionStart="Figures 13" captionStartId="2.[159,238,1279,1301]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,197,1265]" captionTargetId="figure-277@2.[159,1436,197,1265]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 13. Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov., holotype male, left bulb: (1) retrolateral; (2) prolateral; (3) dorsal. (A) apical keel, (PI) prolateral inferior keel, (PS) prolateral superior keel, (R) retrolateral keel, (SA) subapical keel. Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 13</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFD2F256523D312EFD7FFAD9" box="[597,686,1300,1321]" captionStart="Figures 13" captionStartId="2.[159,238,1279,1301]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,197,1265]" captionTargetId="figure-277@2.[159,1436,197,1265]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 13. Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov., holotype male, left bulb: (1) retrolateral; (2) prolateral; (3) dorsal. (A) apical keel, (PI) prolateral inferior keel, (PS) prolateral superior keel, (R) retrolateral keel, (SA) subapical keel. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176298" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176298/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 13</figureCitation>
). Palpal bulb pyriform, embolus length 1.78, tegulum length 2.45, embolus slightly flattened laterally at distal region, apex short. Prolateral keels present. PS forming embolus edge distally. A present, short. R present, sharp. SA present, well developed. Bifid tibial spur (
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFD2F25651AE3180FDF1FA3F" box="[454,544,1466,1487]" captionStart="Figures 48" captionStartId="3.[151,230,1519,1541]" captionTargetBox="[223,1357,197,1505]" captionTargetId="figure-121@3.[223,1357,197,1505]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 48. Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov., holotype male. (46) Left leg I tibial apophysis: (4) ventral; (5) prolateral; (6) retrolateral; (7) metatarsus and tibia I, retrolateral; (8) sternum, labium, maxillae and coxae. Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 47</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFD2F25651AE3180FDF1FA3F" box="[454,544,1466,1487]" captionStart="Figures 48" captionStartId="3.[151,230,1519,1541]" captionTargetBox="[223,1357,197,1505]" captionTargetId="figure-121@3.[223,1357,197,1505]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 48. Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov., holotype male. (46) Left leg I tibial apophysis: (4) ventral; (5) prolateral; (6) retrolateral; (7) metatarsus and tibia I, retrolateral; (8) sternum, labium, maxillae and coxae. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176300" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176300/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 47</figureCitation>
) with processes originating from common well-developed base, both roughly straight, retrolateral slightly longer. A large romboid spine at the internal face of prolateral process and another at the internal face of distal retrolateral process. Metatarsus I curved at basal third, when folded touches the retrolateral face of retrolateral tibial process (
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFD2F256527A32B8FD80F967" box="[530,593,1666,1687]" captionStart="Figures 48" captionStartId="3.[151,230,1519,1541]" captionTargetBox="[223,1357,197,1505]" captionTargetId="figure-121@3.[223,1357,197,1505]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 48. Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov., holotype male. (46) Left leg I tibial apophysis: (4) ventral; (5) prolateral; (6) retrolateral; (7) metatarsus and tibia I, retrolateral; (8) sternum, labium, maxillae and coxae. Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFD2F256527A32B8FD80F967" box="[530,593,1666,1687]" captionStart="Figures 48" captionStartId="3.[151,230,1519,1541]" captionTargetBox="[223,1357,197,1505]" captionTargetId="figure-121@3.[223,1357,197,1505]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 48. Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov., holotype male. (46) Left leg I tibial apophysis: (4) ventral; (5) prolateral; (6) retrolateral; (7) metatarsus and tibia I, retrolateral; (8) sternum, labium, maxillae and coxae. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176300" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176300/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Color pattern: Carapace and chelicerae brown. Carapace bordered with scattered light brown long setae, chelicerae with long light brown setae. Legs brown with abundant light brown long setae, mainly on ventral area. Coxae of legs, sternum, labium and maxillae covered ventrally with light brown setae. Abdomen dorsally and ventrally black with abundant long reddish setae. Femora, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi of legs and palp lacking light stripes. Apex of leg segments with very discrete whitish rings.
</paragraph>
<caption id="04EA5D8AFFD3F25750F730ADFECCFB1D" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[159,238,1175,1197]" targetBox="[159,1436,197,1159]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<caption id="04EA5D8AFFD3F25750F730ADFECCFB1D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176302" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13176302" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176302/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[159,238,1175,1197]" targetBox="[159,1436,197,1159]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="502A0D02FFD3F25750F730ADFECCFB1D" blockId="4.[158,1436,1175,1261]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="62E1D110FFD3F25750F730ADFEFBFB5D" bold="true" box="[159,298,1175,1197]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figures 911.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="97957681FFD3F257514630ADFE39FB5D" authorityName="Bertani" authorityYear="2023" box="[302,488,1175,1197]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Vitalius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapiranga" status="sp. nov.">
@ -308,7 +309,7 @@ I and III on MM region having very small to absent reversed barbed region (
, MNRJ 07725, male, left bulb, variation: (9) retrolateral; (10) prolateral; (11) dorsal. (A) apical keel, (PI) prolateral inferior keel, (PS) prolateral superior keel, (R) retrolateral keel, (SA) subapical keel. Scale bars: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="04EA5D8AFFD2F25650FF3073FDA4FB8F" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[151,230,1097,1119]" targetBox="[151,1428,197,1084]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<caption id="04EA5D8AFFD2F25650FF3073FDA4FB8F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176304" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13176304" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176304/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[151,230,1097,1119]" targetBox="[151,1428,197,1084]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="502A0D02FFD2F25650FF3073FDA4FB8F" blockId="5.[151,1430,1097,1151]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="62E1D110FFD2F25650FF3073FEE1FBAF" bold="true" box="[151,304,1097,1119]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figures 1215.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="97957681FFD2F25651503073FE23FBAF" authorityName="Bertani" authorityYear="2023" box="[312,498,1097,1119]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Vitalius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapiranga" status="sp. nov.">
@ -345,7 +346,7 @@ female
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="04EA5D8AFFD1F25550F73077FB69FB73" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[159,238,1101,1123]" targetBox="[159,1436,197,1089]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<caption id="04EA5D8AFFD1F25550F73077FB69FB73" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176306" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13176306" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176306/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[159,238,1101,1123]" targetBox="[159,1436,197,1089]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="502A0D02FFD1F25550F73077FB69FB73" blockId="6.[157,1436,1101,1155]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="62E1D110FFD1F25550F73077FEE5FB93" bold="true" box="[159,308,1101,1123]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figures 1619.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="97957681FFD1F255515F3077FE3FFB93" authorityName="Bertani" authorityYear="2023" box="[311,494,1101,1123]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Vitalius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapiranga" status="sp. nov.">
@ -369,7 +370,7 @@ I and III on MM region having small to absent reversed barbed region (
<bibRefCitation id="340470F3FFD0F25450FF314DFE3DFA7C" author="Bertani R &amp; Guadanucci JPL" box="[151,492,1399,1420]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="403 - 418" refId="ref8835" refString="Bertani R, Guadanucci JPL (2013) Morphology, evolution and usage of urticating setae by tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Zoologia 30 (4): 403 - 418. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1984 - 46702013000400006" type="journal article" year="2013">Bertani and Guadanucci (2013)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="04EA5D8AFFD0F25450FF3078FDF8FB68" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[151,230,1090,1112]" targetBox="[151,1428,197,1076]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<caption id="04EA5D8AFFD0F25450FF3078FDF8FB68" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176308" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13176308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176308/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[151,230,1090,1112]" targetBox="[151,1428,197,1076]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="502A0D02FFD0F25450FF3078FDF8FB68" blockId="7.[151,1430,1090,1176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="62E1D110FFD0F25450FF3078FEE1FBA8" bold="true" box="[151,304,1090,1112]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figures 2023.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="97957681FFD0F25451503078FE22FBA8" authorityName="Bertani" authorityYear="2023" box="[312,499,1090,1112]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Vitalius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapiranga" status="sp. nov.">
@ -381,7 +382,7 @@ I and III on MM region having small to absent reversed barbed region (
</caption>
<paragraph id="502A0D02FFD0F25450BC31A2FD1AFA00" blockId="7.[150,773,1232,1787]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Genitalia. Two short spermathecae separated by heavily sclerotized short area, spermathecal stalk slightly narrower than rounded spermathecal bulb (
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFD0F254521D31E1FD6EFA00" box="[629,703,1499,1520]" captionStart="Figures 1215" captionStartId="5.[151,230,1097,1119]" captionTargetBox="[151,1428,197,1084]" captionTargetId="figure-361@5.[151,1428,197,1084]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 1215. Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov., females, spermathecae, dorsal: (12) IBSP 8534; (13) MZUSP 77912; (14) MNRJ 07726; (15) same, exuvium. Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFD0F254521D31E1FD6EFA00" box="[629,703,1499,1520]" captionStart="Figures 1215" captionStartId="5.[151,230,1097,1119]" captionTargetBox="[151,1428,197,1084]" captionTargetId="figure-361@5.[151,1428,197,1084]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 1215. Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov., females, spermathecae, dorsal: (12) IBSP 8534; (13) MZUSP 77912; (14) MNRJ 07726; (15) same, exuvium. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176304" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176304/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="502A0D02FFD0F25450BC31C6FE34F9E1" blockId="7.[150,773,1232,1787]" box="[212,485,1532,1553]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Color pattern: As in male.</paragraph>
@ -393,7 +394,7 @@ Distribution.
and northeastern
<collectingRegion id="9251C3E0FFD0F25452AD3205FCD2F9A4" box="[709,771,1599,1620]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bahia</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFD0F25450F6325AFEC0F985" box="[158,273,1632,1653]" captionStart="Figures 4244" captionStartId="14.[159,238,1670,1692]" captionTargetBox="[254,1341,197,1656]" captionTargetId="figure-79@14.[254,1341,197,1656]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figures 4244. Distribution of Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov. and V. restinga sp. nov. in Brazil: (42) map of Brazil showing the distribution of both species; (43) Detail of the distribution of V. sapiranga sp. nov.; (44) Detail of the distribution of V. restinga sp. nov. (Red circle) V. sapiranga sp. nov., (Blue square) V. restinga sp. nov.; (BA) state of Bahia, Brazil, (BR) Brazil, (RJ) state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, (SE) state of Sergipe, Brazil." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 4243</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C8AE1187FFD0F25450F6325AFEC0F985" box="[158,273,1632,1653]" captionStart="Figures 4244" captionStartId="14.[159,238,1670,1692]" captionTargetBox="[254,1341,197,1656]" captionTargetId="figure-79@14.[254,1341,197,1656]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figures 4244. Distribution of Vitalius sapiranga sp. nov. and V. restinga sp. nov. in Brazil: (42) map of Brazil showing the distribution of both species; (43) Detail of the distribution of V. sapiranga sp. nov.; (44) Detail of the distribution of V. restinga sp. nov. (Red circle) V. sapiranga sp. nov., (Blue square) V. restinga sp. nov.; (BA) state of Bahia, Brazil, (BR) Brazil, (RJ) state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, (SE) state of Sergipe, Brazil." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176469" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176469/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 4243</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="502A0D02FFD0F25450BC32B8FF37F90B" blockId="7.[150,773,1232,1787]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">

View file

@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
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<mods:title id="32781EC0002EE6F616E0E49327F4962F">Phylogeny and taxonomy of the shore-fly tribe Scatellini (Diptera: Ephydridae: Ephydrinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E7D6A1E1E1302306DB30D66CA47DBBEE">Costa, Daniel N. R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="15C363AC39C51C6E6F02DCA1386BFAFF">Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná. Caixa Postal 19020, 81531 - 980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="61B2CE1808445ED2D795D0514B52313E" type="email">mathisw@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="00D038E3E3607D2F95A1487DEA0CB044">Mathis, Wayne N.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="74BA0754567CC8A94DFF4F42ED271100">Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution. PO Box 37012, MRC 169, 20013 - 7012 Washington, DC, USA. (mathisw @ si. edu)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4BBCC70A42005BF96742FA8F3099F03B">Marinoni, Luciane</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="DF97E9427B5DC3D33CC99CCF73377A89">Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná. Caixa Postal 19020, 81531 - 980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F9D50FDDF0D9642E665CA92F98D0D727" type="email">tsepulveda@fieldmuseum</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="F8220E39A95521D13261C024A033BFE5">Sepúlveda, Tatiana A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C0EE6DB018F7B66A2BB8032A87483355">Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605, USA. (tsepulveda @ fieldmuseum. org)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="5E9FFDA7EA4B5076BCE37E9F13A21A69">Zoologia</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E8E78C984E1A8384A5E7D677C8165E36">
<mods:date id="02842B56668740E350C2227D8DEBAA15">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="5D441C00967F367F04185B325152A1EA">e 23100</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="616F3ADCA9BF213A9245343086403B77">2024-06-24</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="BE8BACCB263CCEC82A1460BF8178759F">41</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="9A93EE24434B96498A65ABFE4F86B54F">http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v41.e23100</mods:url>
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<treatment id="E557206EB205FFA2FF66FCD2FB65FB9B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E557206EB205FFA2FF66FCD2FB65FB9B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E557206EB205FFA2FF66FCD2FB65FB9B" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<subSubSection id="25E4C2F3B205FFA2FF66FCD2FD0AFCA9" box="[248,689,825,850]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="6D419178B205FFA2FF66FCD2FD0AFCA9" blockId="20.[248,689,825,850]" box="[248,689,825,850]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<heading id="36092614B205FFA2FF66FCD2FD0AFCA9" box="[248,689,825,850]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="AAFEEAFBB205FFA2FF66FCD2FD0AFCA9" ID-CoL="89SWX" authority="Cresson, 1935" authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1935" box="[248,689,825,850]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Scatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Parascatella">
<emphasis id="5F8A4D6AB205FFA2FF66FCD2FEEEFCA9" box="[248,341,825,850]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Scatella</emphasis>
<emphasis id="5F8A4D6AB205FFA2FEC2FCD2FEDDFCA9" bold="true" box="[348,358,825,850]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">(</emphasis>
<emphasis id="5F8A4D6AB205FFA2FEF8FCD2FE4CFCA9" box="[358,503,825,850]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Parascatella</emphasis>
<emphasis id="5F8A4D6AB205FFA2FE69FCD2FD0AFCA9" bold="true" box="[503,689,825,850]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
)
<bibRefCitation id="096FEC89B205FFA2FD96FCD2FD0AFCA9" author="Cresson ET Jr" box="[520,689,825,850]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="345 - 372" refId="ref20537" refString="Cresson ET Jr (1935) Descriptions of genera and species of the dipterous family Ephydridae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 61: 345 - 372." type="journal article" year="1935">Cresson, 1935</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="25E4C2F3B205FFA2FE00FC83FB65FB9B" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
<paragraph id="6D419178B205FFA2FE00FC83FDB0FC85" blockId="20.[414,523,872,894]" box="[414,523,872,894]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<figureCitation id="F5C58DFDB205FFA2FE00FC83FDB0FC85" box="[414,523,872,894]" captionStart="Figures 1023" captionStartId="11.[151,230,1605,1627]" captionTargetBox="[313,1278,201,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-107@11.[300,1280,197,1588]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figures 1023. Head, wing and legs characters: (10) Limnellia sp., head anterior; (11) Scatella (Scatella) sp., head anteri- or; (12) Scatella (Parascatella) sp., head anterior; (13) Hyadina sp., head lateral; (14) Scatella (Parascatella) pilifera, head anterior; (15) Scatella (Scatella) stagnalis, mouth parts; (16) Philotelma sp., head lateral; (17) Physemops nemorosus, head anterior; (18)Ephydra riparia, mouth parts; (19) Scatophila caviceps, wing; (20) Scatella (Scatella) stagnalis, wing; 21, Dagus rostratus, wing; (22) Scatophila mesogramma, male, mid femur posteroventral; (23) Scatella (Scatella) stagnalis, male, fore femur anteroventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176756" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176756/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="5F8A4D6AB205FFA2FE00FC83FDB0FC85" bold="true" box="[414,523,872,894]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs 12, 14</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D419178B205FFA2FF01FC79FDEBFC09" blockId="20.[159,779,914,1010]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="5F8A4D6AB205FFA2FF01FC79FEB5FC5E" box="[159,270,914,933]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Parascatella</emphasis>
<emphasis id="5F8A4D6AB205FFA2FE8BFC79FF5CFC44" bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<bibRefCitation id="096FEC89B205FFA2FE8BFC79FE79FC5E" author="Cresson ET Jr" box="[277,450,914,933]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="345 - 372" refId="ref20537" refString="Cresson ET Jr (1935) Descriptions of genera and species of the dipterous family Ephydridae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 61: 345 - 372." type="journal article" year="1935">Cresson 1935: 357</bibRefCitation>
(as a genus; feminine).
<typeStatus id="B2452FDAB205FFA2FD31FC79FD67FC5E" box="[687,732,914,933]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Type</typeStatus>
species:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="AAFEEAFBB205FFA2FF72FC47FDBBFC44" authority="Cresson 1931" authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1931" box="[236,512,940,959]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Scatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilifera">
<emphasis id="5F8A4D6AB205FFA2FF72FC47FEC1FC44" box="[236,378,940,959]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Scatella pilifera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="096FEC89B205FFA2FE1FFC47FDBBFC44" author="Cresson ET Jr" box="[385,512,940,959]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="104 - 108" refId="ref20505" refString="Cresson ET Jr (1931) Descriptions of new genera and species of the dipterous family Ephydridae. Paper IX. Entomological News 42 (4): 104 - 108." type="journal article" year="1931">
<emphasis id="5F8A4D6AB205FFA2FE1FFC47FDBBFC44" bold="true" box="[385,512,940,959]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Cresson 1931</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="5F8A4D6AB205FFA2FE61FC47FDEBFC09" bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
, original designation.
<bibRefCitation id="096FEC89B205FFA2FD40FC47FE58FC23" author="Sturtevant AH &amp; Wheeler MR" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="151 - 257" refId="ref22813" refString="Sturtevant AH, Wheeler MR (1954) Synopses of Nearctic Ephydridae (Diptera). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 79: 151 - 257." type="journal article" year="1954">Sturtevant and Wheeler 1954: 178</bibRefCitation>
[revised status].
<bibRefCitation id="096FEC89B205FFA2FD02FC2EFE0EFC09" author="Mathis WN &amp; Zatwarnicki T" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 423" refId="ref22287" refString="Mathis WN, Zatwarnicki T (1995) A world catalog of the shore flies (Diptera: Ephydridae). Memoirs on Entomology, International 4: 1 - 423." type="journal article" year="1995">Mathis and Zatwarnicki 1995: 268270</bibRefCitation>
[world catalog].
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D419178B205FFA2FF45FBEDFCB0FB39" blockId="20.[157,780,1030,1784]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Diagnosis. Specimens of
<taxonomicName id="AAFEEAFBB205FFA2FE6CFBEDFD65FBE0" authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1935" box="[498,734,1030,1051]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Scatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Parascatella">
<emphasis id="5F8A4D6AB205FFA2FE6CFBEDFDFFFBE0" box="[498,580,1030,1051]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Scatella</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="5F8A4D6AB205FFA2FDC8FBEDFD6DFBE0" box="[598,726,1030,1051]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Parascatella</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
are similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="AAFEEAFBB205FFA2FEFDFBCCFE08FBC7" authorityName="Robineau-Desvoidy" authorityYear="1830" box="[355,435,1063,1084]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Scatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5F8A4D6AB205FFA2FEFDFBCCFE08FBC7" box="[355,435,1063,1084]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Scatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but may be distinguished by the following combination of characters: facial setae lateroventrally curved; proepisternum bearing macrosetae; postpronotum with 13 setae plus scattered setulae; postsutural supra-alar seta as long as postalar seta; wing spots evident.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D419178B205FFA2FF45FB25FEE6FADD" blockId="20.[157,780,1030,1784]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Description. Moderately small to moderately large shore flies, body length 2.504.90 mm; blackish brown to cinereous species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D419178B205FFA2FF45FAD9FED5F988" blockId="20.[157,780,1030,1784]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Head (
<figureCitation id="F5C58DFDB205FFA2FEBAFAD9FE20FABC" box="[292,411,1330,1351]" captionStart="Figures 1023" captionStartId="11.[151,230,1605,1627]" captionTargetBox="[313,1278,201,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-107@11.[300,1280,197,1588]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figures 1023. Head, wing and legs characters: (10) Limnellia sp., head anterior; (11) Scatella (Scatella) sp., head anteri- or; (12) Scatella (Parascatella) sp., head anterior; (13) Hyadina sp., head lateral; (14) Scatella (Parascatella) pilifera, head anterior; (15) Scatella (Scatella) stagnalis, mouth parts; (16) Philotelma sp., head lateral; (17) Physemops nemorosus, head anterior; (18)Ephydra riparia, mouth parts; (19) Scatophila caviceps, wing; (20) Scatella (Scatella) stagnalis, wing; 21, Dagus rostratus, wing; (22) Scatophila mesogramma, male, mid femur posteroventral; (23) Scatella (Scatella) stagnalis, male, fore femur anteroventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13176756" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13176756/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs 12, 14</figureCitation>
): Frons dull usually with distinct, subshiny to shiny frontal vitta; lateroclinate fronto-orbital seta 2, rarely 3. Antenna short, dark; pedicel with strong seta ventrally; basal flagellomere brown; arista macropubescent to at most bearing short, dorsal, hairlike branches. Face conspicuously protruding, facial setae conspicuous, lateral facial setae ventrally curved, indistinctly from medial facial setae; small to long ventroclinate setae along oral margin. Eye usually nearly round. Gena short to moderately high, usually bearing a large seta.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D419178B205FFA2FF45F994FBFEFE1C" blockId="20.[157,780,1030,1784]" lastBlockId="20.[814,1438,199,1120]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Thorax: Mesonotum microtomentose, density of tomentum varying, generally unicolorous or with longitudinal stripes; dorsocentral setae 3 (1+2, usually with several smaller setae between larger bristles); acrostichal setae in 2 rows extending to scutellum, equal in length; prescutellar acrostichal absent; postsutural supra-alar seta long, subequal in length to postalar seta; postpronotum with 1 long setae; scutellum with 23 setae, basal scutellar setae long or short; legs typical, usually without distinct setae (forefemur with a row of stout setae anteroventrally and posteroventrally in some species); color of tarsi variable; halter pale yellowish; Wing with faint white spots; costal vein bearing spinelike setae along costal margin.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D419178B205FFA2FCF3FE18FB95FCE8" blockId="20.[814,1438,199,1120]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Abdomen: Tergites gray to brown, microtomentose, sometimes with lighter posterior margins, or mostly shiny, generally lacking prominent macrosetae. Male terminalia: sternites 5 and 6 absent. Epandrium and internal structures typical of
<taxonomicName id="AAFEEAFBB205FFA2FC0DFD92FC59FD75" authorityName="Robineau-Desvoidy" authorityYear="1830" box="[915,994,633,654]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Scatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5F8A4D6AB205FFA2FC0DFD92FC59FD75" box="[915,994,633,654]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Scatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; ventral projections of epandrium separat- ed; ejaculatory apodeme present, crescent shaped, laterally flattened. Female terminalia: typical of
<taxonomicName id="AAFEEAFBB205FFA2FB45FD50FA92FD2B" authorityName="Robineau-Desvoidy" authorityYear="1830" box="[1243,1321,699,720]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Scatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5F8A4D6AB205FFA2FB45FD50FA92FD2B" box="[1243,1321,699,720]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Scatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; sternite 7 as a rectangular sclerite; female ventral receptacle tubular shaped, as long as wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D419178B205FFA2FCF3FCF4FCD0FCAD" blockId="20.[814,1438,199,1120]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Distribution. Neotropical (especially Andean transition).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D419178B205FFA2FCF3FC89FB65FB9B" blockId="20.[814,1438,199,1120]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Remarks.
<emphasis id="5F8A4D6AB205FFA2FC46FC89FBEEFC8C" box="[984,1109,866,887]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Parascatella</emphasis>
was originally described as a genus and comprises 13 species from western South America. Nothing is known about the natural history of this subgenus except that adults are associated with aquatic or semiaquatic habitats. Some species exhibit sexual dimorphism in the maculation pattern of wings, and/or in the shape of tarsomeres.
<bibRefCitation id="096FEC89B205FFA2FC31FBC1FB7EFBC4" author="Mathis WN &amp; Shewell GE" box="[943,1221,1066,1087]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 44" refId="ref22135" refString="Mathis WN, Shewell GE (1978) Studies of Ephydrinae (Diptera: Ephydridae), I: Revisions of Parascatella Cresson and the triseta Group of Scatella Robineau-Desvoidy. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 285: 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="1978">Mathis and Shewell (1978)</bibRefCitation>
presented a revision and a cladistics analysis of the subgenus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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