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<document id="B3E72097BE5AE97F7E5AE2AB5E0FEC16" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2025.2456579" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14971553" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1741162724802" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Duarte, Paulo R. M., Dupuis, Fabien &amp; Grossi, Paschoal C." docDate="2025" docId="1F1B3034F630000CDB658509FCAD96E8" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.59.9-12.663-737.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 59 (9 - 12)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62.3:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Bothynus fabius" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="728" masterDocId="E322484CF670004DDA238147FF98954B" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the Bothynus ascanius (Kirby, 1819) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastinae) species group" masterLastPageNumber="737" masterPageNumber="663" pageNumber="727" updateTime="1741276175971" updateUser="valdenar" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="D14729F6B8FBFA1AE1D375BE3FFA03D6" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="73742751D46F3B44302D44942982A9C3">
<mods:title id="461B47A239C24927EB70238A05302148">Taxonomic revision of the Bothynus ascanius (Kirby, 1819) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastinae) species group</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="65258BE23E324BAC6417CEF4F890F924" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C4B53F8CD2C96986BEA607831191CA42">
<mods:roleTerm id="6881FE4A4613CDF3AFBCB1B8032082E0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="DAEB9358EAB009BDB4454388ADD3B645">Duarte, Paulo R. M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="309A46610BC55164EB91469C2BCE7684">Laboratório de Scarabaeoidologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil;</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="0E3DD9B9101F08314D0E98FFC8208E02">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="94A52D047B9C2F36E341455EF96B1F49">Dupuis, Fabien</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A1B2829CE0CEE7304550FED51CC729AF">Laboratoire d’Entomologie, National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France;</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="0BA65F6B79E2A833FC1C21C23D5B339F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="7020F998521DB30B2C6E54451CD7A9FE">
<mods:roleTerm id="7275AFC72B8D6121BFE6EA4CB7E21554">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="580CEE2CB4E4FA775767CA2AE32BE689">Grossi, Paschoal C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="61DDF5CC0F0AA806E76D00B536C73D31">Departamento de Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="369379615021CA21D6C4670FCFBF8E96">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="CACE2294886A4C5242A0F1EFB678AC37">
<mods:title id="97A5844F797A0507715B1C65BDD9904E">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="793ADDE6110DDB6BE2FA3DDB8DCD7382">
<mods:date id="A8F58C0C5A30220053C12EA4AED41C18">2025</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="F820D973D7C8E42ECD49FB9F5E578ADA" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="03D3A789B3FD46898B4B653595281AF2">2025-02-24</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="2E0B2E299C2F34E2D05676587444394E" type="volume">
<mods:number id="EDA8C71BFF6CA90665666AE0EBF59219">59</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="CB35C96063B296444756DFFB13AF2807" type="issue">
<mods:number id="6CBB2F9D0C762F0E95853494535AC654">9 - 12</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="270B9475E95B2F7C7E0257404F00DA66">663</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="EAAAF6C878A11ED8B6C6C223020A2917">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="50DE8A97E57896488F54AAA4DAD459B1" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2025.2456579</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="489EFEE7C73C6311CAB2E281096C67C3" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="06EE5839998E37160690E4A24576F256" type="Zenodo-Dep">14971553</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="1F1B3034F630000CDB658509FCAD96E8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F1B3034F630000CDB658509FCAD96E8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1F1B3034F630000CDB658509FCAD96E8" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="728" pageId="64" pageNumber="727">
<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F630000DDB658509FC449122" box="[326,988,1102,1129]" pageId="64" pageNumber="727" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="970D8122F630000DDB658509FC449122" blockId="64.[326,988,1102,1129]" box="[326,988,1102,1129]" pageId="64" pageNumber="727">
<heading id="CC45364EF630000DDB658509FC449122" bold="true" box="[326,988,1102,1129]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="64" pageNumber="727" reason="3">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F630000DDB658509FC449122" bold="true" box="[326,988,1102,1129]" pageId="64" pageNumber="727">
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F630000DDB658509FD6D9122" ID-CoL="79TZ9" authority="(Faimaire, 1878)" baseAuthorityName="Fairmaire" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[326,757,1102,1129]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="727" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabius">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F630000DDB658509FD8D9122" bold="true" box="[326,533,1102,1129]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="727">Bothynus fabius</emphasis>
(Faimaire, 1878)
</taxonomicName>
, here revalidated
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F630000DDAE0853AFBF891D3" box="[195,1120,1149,1176]" pageId="64" pageNumber="727" type="description">
<paragraph id="970D8122F630000DDAE0853AFBF891D3" blockId="64.[195,1120,1149,1176]" box="[195,1120,1149,1176]" pageId="64" pageNumber="727">
(
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F630000DDAE9853AFED891D3" box="[202,320,1149,1176]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971557/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="727">Figures 2</figureCitation>
(j), 4(e), 5(e,g), 11(l), 12(f), 13q, 14q, 16(f), 18(e), 19(b,d), 21(d), 24)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F630000DDA838585FBB7938B" pageId="64" pageNumber="727" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="970D8122F630000DDA838585FCC69190" blockId="64.[160,1156,1218,1728]" box="[160,862,1218,1243]" pageId="64" pageNumber="727">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B7A2A60CF630000DDA838585FCC69190" box="[160,862,1218,1243]" pageId="64" pageNumber="727">
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F630000DDA838585FEEC9190" ID-CoL="79TZ9" authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1878" box="[160,372,1218,1243]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scaptophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="727" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabius">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F630000DDA838585FEEC9190" box="[160,372,1218,1243]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="727">Scaptophilus fabius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<treatmentCitation id="1613A733F630000DDBA38585FDC59190" author="Fairmaire L" box="[384,605,1218,1243]" page="264" pageId="64" pageNumber="727" year="1878">
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F630000DDBA38585FDC59190" author="Fairmaire L" box="[384,605,1218,1243]" pageId="64" pageNumber="727" pagination="260 - 270" refId="ref36088" refString="Fairmaire L. 1878. Description de coleopteres nouveaux d'Amerique. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquee, Series. 3 (6): 260-270." type="journal article" year="1878">Fairmaire 1878: 264</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(original combination)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F630000DDA8385A2FCE691B5" blockId="64.[160,1156,1218,1728]" box="[160,894,1253,1278]" pageId="64" pageNumber="727">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B7A2A60CF630000DDA8385A2FCE691B5" box="[160,894,1253,1278]" pageId="64" pageNumber="727">
<treatmentCitation id="1613A733F630000DDA8385A2FDE591B5" author="Fairmaire L" box="[160,637,1253,1278]" page="264" pageId="64" pageNumber="727" year="1878">
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F630000DDA8385A2FDE591B5" ID-CoL="6Y5ZB" authority="Fairmaire 1878: 264" authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityPageNumber="264" authorityYear="1878" box="[160,637,1253,1278]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scaptophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="727" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striatellus">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F630000DDA8385A2FE0191B5" box="[160,409,1253,1278]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="727">Scaptophilus striatellus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F630000DDB8285A2FDE591B5" author="Fairmaire L" box="[417,637,1253,1278]" pageId="64" pageNumber="727" pagination="260 - 270" refId="ref36088" refString="Fairmaire L. 1878. Description de coleopteres nouveaux d'Amerique. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquee, Series. 3 (6): 260-270." type="journal article" year="1878">Fairmaire 1878: 264</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(original combination)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F630000DDA838440FC1D906B" blockId="64.[160,1156,1218,1728]" box="[160,901,1287,1312]" pageId="64" pageNumber="727">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B7A2A60CF630000DDA838440FC1D906B" box="[160,901,1287,1312]" pageId="64" pageNumber="727">
<treatmentCitation id="1613A733F630000DDA838440FD1C906B" author="Fairmaire L" box="[160,644,1287,1312]" page="265" pageId="64" pageNumber="727" year="1878">
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F630000DDA838440FD1C906B" ID-CoL="6XTZB" authority="Fairmaire 1878: 265" authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityPageNumber="265" authorityYear="1878" box="[160,644,1287,1312]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scaptophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="727" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadratus">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F630000DDA838440FE39906B" box="[160,417,1287,1312]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="727">Scaptophilus quadratus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F630000DDB8B8440FD1C906B" author="Fairmaire L" box="[424,644,1287,1312]" pageId="64" pageNumber="727" pagination="260 - 270" refId="ref36088" refString="Fairmaire L. 1878. Description de coleopteres nouveaux d'Amerique. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquee, Series. 3 (6): 260-270." type="journal article" year="1878">Fairmaire 1878: 265</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(original combination)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F630000DDA83846DFE6090C3" blockId="64.[160,1156,1218,1728]" pageId="64" pageNumber="727">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B7A2A60CF630000DDA83846DFE6090C3" pageId="64" pageNumber="727">
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F630000DDA83846DFED49008" ID-CoL="79TZ9" baseAuthorityName="Fairmaire" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[160,332,1322,1347]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="727" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabius">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F630000DDA83846DFED49008" box="[160,332,1322,1347]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="727">Bothynus fabius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<treatmentCitation id="1613A733F630000DDB7B846DFD969008" author="Arrow GJ" box="[344,526,1322,1347]" page="40" pageId="64" pageNumber="727" year="1937">
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F630000DDB7B846DFD969008" author="Arrow GJ" box="[344,526,1322,1347]" pageId="64" pageNumber="727" refId="ref35700" refString="Arrow GJ. 1937 b. Coleopterorum Catalogus, pars 156. Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae. W. Junk." type="journal volume" year="1937">Arrow 1937b: 40</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(catalogue, as new combination);
<treatmentCitation id="1613A733F630000DD9A8846DFB1B9008" author="Blackwelder RE" box="[907,1155,1322,1347]" page="255" pageId="64" pageNumber="727" year="1944">
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F630000DD9A8846DFB1B9008" author="Blackwelder RE" box="[907,1155,1322,1347]" pageId="64" pageNumber="727" pagination="189 - 341" refId="ref35720" refString="Blackwelder RE. 1944. Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, West Indies, and South America, part II. Bull U S Natl Mus. 185: 189-341." type="journal article" year="1944">Blackwelder 1944: 255</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(checklist, distributional information);
<treatmentCitation id="1613A733F630000DD868840AFC80902D" author="Endrodi S" box="[587,792,1357,1382]" page="108" pageId="64" pageNumber="727" year="1969">
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F630000DD868840AFC80902D" author="Endrodi S" box="[587,792,1357,1382]" pageId="64" pageNumber="727" pagination="1 - 145" refId="ref36032" refString="Endrodi S. 1969. Monographie der Dynastinae. 4. Tribus: pentodontini (Coleoptera, Lamellicornia). Entomologische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde in Dresden. 37: 1-145." type="journal article" year="1969">Endrödi 1969: 108</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(remarks), 112 (
<typeStatus id="48093F80F630000DD9EF840AFBAF902D" box="[972,1079,1357,1382]" pageId="64" pageNumber="727" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
designation, synonymy proposition)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F630000DDAE384D5FE3D9330" blockId="64.[160,1156,1218,1728]" pageId="64" pageNumber="727">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B7A2A60CF630000DDAE384D5FE3D9330" pageId="64" pageNumber="727">
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F630000DDAE384D5FE0A90E0" ID-CoL="692JG" baseAuthorityName="Fairmaire" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[192,402,1426,1451]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="727" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striatellus">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F630000DDAE384D5FE0A90E0" box="[192,402,1426,1451]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="727">Bothynus striatellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(here synonymised).
<treatmentCitation id="1613A733F630000DD8A184D5FCA290E0" author="Arrow GJ" box="[642,826,1426,1451]" page="41" pageId="64" pageNumber="727" year="1937">
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F630000DD8A184D5FCA290E0" author="Arrow GJ" box="[642,826,1426,1451]" pageId="64" pageNumber="727" refId="ref35700" refString="Arrow GJ. 1937 b. Coleopterorum Catalogus, pars 156. Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae. W. Junk." type="journal volume" year="1937">Arrow 1937b: 41</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(catalogue, as new combination);
<treatmentCitation id="1613A733F630000DDAC584F2FE719085" author="Blackwelder RE" box="[230,489,1461,1486]" page="255" pageId="64" pageNumber="727" year="1944">
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F630000DDAC584F2FE719085" author="Blackwelder RE" box="[230,489,1461,1486]" pageId="64" pageNumber="727" pagination="189 - 341" refId="ref35720" refString="Blackwelder RE. 1944. Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, West Indies, and South America, part II. Bull U S Natl Mus. 185: 189-341." type="journal article" year="1944">Blackwelder 1944: 255</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(checklist, distributional information);
<treatmentCitation id="1613A733F630000DD98D84F2FB1B9085" author="Endrodi S" box="[942,1155,1461,1486]" page="108" pageId="64" pageNumber="727" year="1969">
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F630000DD98D84F2FB1B9085" author="Endrodi S" box="[942,1155,1461,1486]" pageId="64" pageNumber="727" pagination="1 - 145" refId="ref36032" refString="Endrodi S. 1969. Monographie der Dynastinae. 4. Tribus: pentodontini (Coleoptera, Lamellicornia). Entomologische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde in Dresden. 37: 1-145." type="journal article" year="1969">Endrödi 1969: 108</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(remarks), 112 (identification key), 116 (illustration of the aedeagus [figs. 158–159]), 131–132 (redescription,
<typeStatus id="48093F80F630000DDB9084BDFD849358" box="[435,540,1530,1555]" pageId="64" pageNumber="727" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
designation, distribution);
<treatmentCitation id="1613A733F630000DD97384BDFBB89358" author="Endrodi S" box="[848,1056,1530,1555]" page="274" pageId="64" pageNumber="727" year="1985">
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F630000DD97384BDFBB89358" author="Endrodi S" box="[848,1056,1530,1555]" pageId="64" pageNumber="727" refId="ref36068" refString="Endrodi S. 1985. The Dynastinae of the world. La Haye, Netherlands: W. Junk." type="book" year="1985">Endrödi 1985: 274</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(illustration of the aedeagus [figs. 1112–1123], identification key, distribution);
<treatmentCitation id="1613A733F630000DD9F3875AFB1B937D" author="Krajcik M" box="[976,1155,1565,1590]" page="39" pageId="64" pageNumber="727" year="2005">
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F630000DD9F3875AFB1B937D" author="Krajcik M" box="[976,1155,1565,1590]" pageId="64" pageNumber="727" pagination="1 - 122" refId="ref36491" refString="Krajcik M. 2005. Dynastinae of the world: checklist (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae). Animma X. 2 (Supplement 2): 1-122." type="journal article" year="2005">Krajcik 2005: 39</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(checklist);
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F630000DDB3E8778FE7F9313" author="Abadie EI &amp; Grossi PC &amp; Wagner PS" box="[285,487,1599,1624]" pageId="64" pageNumber="727" refId="ref35568" refString="Abadie EI, Grossi PC, Wagner PS. 2008. A field guide of the Dynastidae family of the south of South America. Buenos Aires: Design &amp; Digital edition Javier Canete." type="book" year="2008">
Abadie
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F630000DDB508778FE3B9313" box="[371,419,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="727">et al</emphasis>
. 2008
</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 14 (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F630000DD8628778FD059313" box="[577,669,1599,1624]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[160,225,1537,1560]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,147,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-25@18.[163,1153,142,1506]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Ventral view of left maxilla: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (d) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. gl = galea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971567/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="727">Figure 7</figureCitation>
, distribution);
<treatmentCitation id="1613A733F630000DD9628778FB1B9313" author="Lopez-Garcia MM &amp; Gasca-Alvarez HJ &amp; Cave RD &amp; Amat-Garcia G" box="[833,1155,1599,1624]" page="497" pageId="64" pageNumber="727" year="2016">
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F630000DD9628778FB1B9313" author="Lopez-Garcia MM &amp; Gasca-Alvarez HJ &amp; Cave RD &amp; Amat-Garcia G" box="[833,1155,1599,1624]" pageId="64" pageNumber="727" pagination="491 - 509" refId="ref36662" refString="Lopez-Garcia MM, Gasca-Alvarez HJ, Cave RD, Amat-Garcia G. 2016. An annotated checklist of the new world Pentodontini scarab beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini). Zootaxa. 4170 (3): 491-509. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4170.3.4." type="journal article" year="2016">
López-García
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F630000DD9FA8778FB919313" box="[985,1033,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="727">et al</emphasis>
. 2016: 497
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(checklist, distribution).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F630000DDAE387C2FBB7938B" blockId="64.[160,1156,1218,1728]" pageId="64" pageNumber="727">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B7A2A60CF630000DDAE387C2FBB7938B" pageId="64" pageNumber="727">
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F630000DDAE387C2FE0693D5" ID-CoL="6XTZB" box="[192,414,1669,1694]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="727" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadratus">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F630000DDAE387C2FE0693D5" box="[192,414,1669,1694]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="727">Bothynus quadratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<treatmentCitation id="1613A733F630000DDB8D87C2FDF593D5" author="Arrow GJ" box="[430,621,1669,1694]" page="41" pageId="64" pageNumber="727" year="1937">
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F630000DDB8D87C2FDF593D5" author="Arrow GJ" box="[430,621,1669,1694]" pageId="64" pageNumber="727" refId="ref35700" refString="Arrow GJ. 1937 b. Coleopterorum Catalogus, pars 156. Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae. W. Junk." type="journal volume" year="1937">Arrow 1937b: 41</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(as new combination);
<treatmentCitation id="1613A733F630000DD9A187C2FB1B93D5" author="Blackwelder RE" box="[898,1155,1669,1694]" page="255" pageId="64" pageNumber="727" year="1944">
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F630000DD9A187C2FB1B93D5" author="Blackwelder RE" box="[898,1155,1669,1694]" pageId="64" pageNumber="727" pagination="189 - 341" refId="ref35720" refString="Blackwelder RE. 1944. Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, West Indies, and South America, part II. Bull U S Natl Mus. 185: 189-341." type="journal article" year="1944">Blackwelder 1944: 255</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(checklist, distributional information);
<treatmentCitation id="1613A733F630000DD86987E0FC8E938B" author="Endrodi S" box="[586,790,1703,1728]" page="108" pageId="64" pageNumber="727" year="1969">
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F630000DD86987E0FC8E938B" author="Endrodi S" box="[586,790,1703,1728]" pageId="64" pageNumber="727" pagination="1 - 145" refId="ref36032" refString="Endrodi S. 1969. Monographie der Dynastinae. 4. Tribus: pentodontini (Coleoptera, Lamellicornia). Entomologische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde in Dresden. 37: 1-145." type="journal article" year="1969">Endrödi 1969: 108</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(synonymy proposition).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F631000CDA8381C9FE3C94F6" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="970D8122F631000CDA8381C9FE8C95E3" blockId="65.[160,1156,142,445]" box="[160,276,142,168]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F631000CDA8381C9FE8C95E3" bold="true" box="[160,276,142,168]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F631000CDA8381F5FE3C94F6" blockId="65.[160,1156,142,445]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F631000CDA8381F5FED49580" baseAuthorityName="Fairmaire" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[160,332,178,203]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabius">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F631000CDA8381F5FED49580" box="[160,332,178,203]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">Bothynus fabius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F631000CDBEB81F5FDC99580" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[456,593,178,203]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deiphobus">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F631000CDBEB81F5FDC99580" box="[456,593,178,203]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">B. deiphobus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the inner protarsal claw of male simple, equal to outer claw, without incision or ventromedial process, glabrous and deep-striated elytra, and parameres without ventrobasal carina. However,
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F631000CD92981B0FCF2945B" baseAuthorityName="Fairmaire" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[778,874,247,272]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabius">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F631000CD92981B0FCF2945B" box="[778,874,247,272]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">B. fabius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F631000CDE5381B0FE889478" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1847" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deiphobus">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F631000CDE5381B0FE889478" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">B. deiphobus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the following characters: Hemisternite separated by a partial or complete longitudinal midline, never entire fused (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F631000CD84D807BFD42941E" box="[622,730,316,341]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="24.[160,225,1320,1343]" captionTargetBox="[165,1145,148,1282]" captionTargetId="figure-93@24.[163,1153,142,1288]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 12. Spiculum gastrale: (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus cylindricus; (d) Bothynus deiphobus; (e) Bothynus laevipennis; (f) Bothynus fabius. hs = hemisternite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971577/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">Figure 12</figureCitation>
(f)); metatarsomere 1 with short outer apex in both sexes (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F631000CDBAB8018FE6E9433" box="[392,502,351,376]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="32.[160,225,1164,1187]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,145,1129]" captionTargetId="figure-113@32.[163,1153,142,1133]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 18. Ventral view of the meso- and metafemurs (a–c), metatibia and associated tarsi (d, e): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cribrarius; (c) Bothynus cylindricus; (d) Bothynus deiphobus (black arrow points to the elongated outer apex of the first tarsomere); (e) Bothynus fabius. msf = mesofemur, mtf = metafemur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971591/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">Figure 18</figureCitation>
(e)); anterior half of tergite 7 with 1 band of well-marked stridulatory striae in both sexes (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F631000CD83580C5FD1C94D0" box="[534,644,386,411]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971593/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">Figure 19</figureCitation>
(b)); females bearing a cavity on each side of tergite 8 (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F631000CDB2D80E3FEE394F6" box="[270,379,420,445]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971593/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">Figure 19</figureCitation>
(d)).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F631000CDA8380AEFCAD96E8" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="970D8122F631000CDA8380AEFEDC9748" blockId="65.[160,1157,489,931]" box="[160,324,489,515]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F631000CDA8380AEFEDC9748" bold="true" box="[160,324,489,515]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">
<typeStatus id="48093F80F631000CDA8380AEFF409748" box="[160,216,489,515]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">Type</typeStatus>
material
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F631000CDA83834BFCAD96E8" blockId="65.[160,1157,489,931]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F631000CDA83834BFEED976E" baseAuthorityName="Fairmaire" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[160,373,524,549]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striatellus">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F631000CDA83834BFEED976E" box="[160,373,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">Bothynus striatellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="48093F80F631000CDBA7834BFE6B976E" box="[388,499,524,549]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
female, labelled: (a) ‘
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F631000CD8CB834BFC52976E" baseAuthorityName="Fairmaire" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[744,970,524,549]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striatellus">Bothynus striatellus</taxonomicName>
/Entrerios Fairm. Type’. [handwritten]; (b) ‘Museum Paris/ex Coll./R.Oberthur’ [light green label, bordered in black]; (c) ‘
<typeStatus id="48093F80F631000CDB3B8315FE009720" box="[280,408,594,619]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" type="lectotype">Lectotypus</typeStatus>
/Both (Scaptoph)/striatellus/Fairm/Endrödi’ [label bordered in red, partly handwritten]; (d) ‘MNHN/EC7110’
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F631000CD8AF8333FD7497C6" bold="true" box="[652,748,628,653]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F631000CD8B08333FD7D97C6" box="[659,741,628,653]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">MNHN</collectionCode>
)
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F631000CD9218333FCF197C6" box="[770,873,628,653]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971557/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(j)).
<typeStatus id="48093F80F631000CD9BA8333FBAF97C6" box="[921,1079,628,653]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
male, labelled: (a) ‘EntreRios/Dohrm’ [handwritten]; (b) ‘Scapth./striatellus/Fairm./Plata’ [handwritten]; (c) ‘MUSEUM PARIS/Collection Léon Fairmaire/1906’; (d) ‘
<typeStatus id="48093F80F631000CD9EA83FDFBDB9798" box="[969,1091,698,723]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" type="paratype">Paratypus</typeStatus>
/Both. (Scaptoph)/striatellus/Fairm’. [label bordered in red, partly handwritten]; (e) ‘PARALECTOTYPE’ [red label”; (c) ‘MNHN/EC7111’
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F631000CD8F583B8FB939653" bold="true" box="[726,1035,767,792]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F631000CD8FE83B8FCA89653" box="[733,816,767,792]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">MNHN</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F631000CD96683B8FB939653" bold="true" box="[837,1035,767,792]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F631000CD96683B8FB9E9653" baseAuthorityName="Fairmaire" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[837,1030,767,792]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabius">Bothynus fabius</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="48093F80F631000CDE3783B8FB1B9653" box="[1044,1155,767,792]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
male, labelled: (a) ‘
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F631000CDB4F8265FD9C9670" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1847" box="[364,516,802,827]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scaptophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Scaptophilus</taxonomicName>
/fabius/Farm/am.mer’. [handwritten]; (b) ‘MUSEUM PARIS/ Collection Léon Fairmaire/1906’ [light green label]; (c) ‘TYPE’ [red label]; (d) ‘
<typeStatus id="48093F80F631000CD9DF8203FBE39616" box="[1020,1147,836,861]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" type="lectotype">Lectotypus</typeStatus>
/
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F631000CDA838220FEFD96CB" authority="(Scapt.)" baseAuthorityName="Scapt." box="[160,357,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bothynus (Scapt.)</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F631000CDB4E8220FE6596CB" authority="Fairm" authorityName="Fairm" box="[365,509,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabius">fabius Fairm</taxonomicName>
/Endrödi’ [label bordered in red, partly handwritten]; (e) ‘penis/default!!’ [handwritten]; (f) ‘MNHN/EC7112’
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F631000CD8F382CDFCB796E8" bold="true" box="[720,815,906,931]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F631000CD8F482CDFCBF96E8" box="[727,807,906,931]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">MNHN</collectionCode>
)
</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

745
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@ -0,0 +1,745 @@
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<mods:number id="BF2325F7627FF484454A100C0AC85876">59</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="57DA584703A7BA2066BD633E3F01C0F4" type="issue">
<mods:number id="4B389CB46807723F534F2355BA2FB163">9 - 12</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="67654563BFB22E0B4FB8C04C93C8F1D0" unit="page">
<mods:start id="17B3AF0560047A0770DCA3452A8ED855">663</mods:start>
<mods:end id="9F1E1B2044E90652F62C62EE01585406">737</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="C024EAE47ED3A22235B81D4EA4B7A197">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="C7AB2EEA9D7AF9B97E6A094BA7A64C58" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2025.2456579</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="230BEE4616E19CAED6842B8B5645EAA8" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4ACDBE5D6B2DC3FBDBAC80E9F009B448" type="Zenodo-Dep">14971553</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="1F1B3034F631000EDA838289FBB793E1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F1B3034F631000EDA838289FBB793E1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1F1B3034F631000EDA838289FBB793E1" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="730" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">
<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F631000CDA838289FEDD9140" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="970D8122F631000CDA838289FE1796A3" blockId="65.[160,399,974,1035]" box="[160,399,974,1000]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">
<heading id="CC45364EF631000CDA838289FE1796A3" bold="true" box="[160,399,974,1000]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F631000CDA838289FE1796A3" ID-CoL="6XTZB" box="[160,399,974,1000]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadratus">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F631000CDA838289FE1796A3" bold="true" box="[160,399,974,1000]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">Bothynus quadratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F631000CDA8382B5FEDD9140" blockId="65.[160,399,974,1035]" box="[160,325,1010,1035]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">Not examined.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F631000EDA838571FCEF9731" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="730" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="970D8122F631000CDA838571FE1F911B" blockId="65.[160,1157,1078,1728]" box="[160,391,1078,1104]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F631000CDA838571FE1F911B" bold="true" box="[160,391,1078,1104]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">Additional material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F631000FDA83851DFE31976E" blockId="65.[160,1157,1078,1728]" lastBlockId="66.[160,1157,142,549]" lastPageId="66" lastPageNumber="729" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">
<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF631000CDA83851DFC6F9138" box="[160,1015,1114,1139]" collectionCode="FDPC" country="Argentina" location="Buenos Aires" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F631000CDA83851DFE789138" bold="true" box="[160,480,1114,1139]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F631000CDA83851DFEAA9138" box="[160,306,1114,1139]" name="Argentina" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">ARGENTINA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F631000CDB63851DFE789138" box="[320,480,1114,1139]" country="Argentina" name="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">Buenos Aires</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Brandsen,
<date id="E30CA7E2F631000CD84A851DFDE39138" box="[617,635,1114,1139]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" value="1991-11">xi</date>
.1991 –
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF631000CD8F9851DFCB49138" box="[730,812,1114,1139]" count="1" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF631000CD919851DFC069138" box="[826,926,1114,1139]" count="1" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F631000CD98C851DFC6A9138" box="[943,1010,1114,1139]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">FDPC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF631000CDE26851DFEDA91F3" collectionCode="CCZA" collectorName="General Acha" country="Argentina" elevation="250" isTailEnumeration="true" latitude="-37.358055" location="La Pampa" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="-64.78334" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="La Pampa">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F631000CDE26851DFBE69138" bold="true" box="[1029,1150,1114,1139]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F631000CDE26851DFBE69138" box="[1029,1150,1114,1139]" country="Argentina" name="La Pampa" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">La Pampa</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F631000CDA83853AFEA491DD" box="[160,316,1149,1174]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">General Acha</collectorName>
,
<geoCoordinate id="F286E7E5F631000CDB6B853AFE5991DD" box="[328,449,1149,1174]" degrees="37" direction="south" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" precision="15" seconds="29" value="-37.358055">37°21'29''S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="F286E7E5F631000CDBED853AFDC991DD" box="[462,593,1149,1174]" degrees="64" direction="west" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" precision="15" seconds="60" value="-64.78334">64°46'60 W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="504A2CC7F631000CD87D853AFD3191DD" box="[606,681,1149,1174]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" unit="m" value="250.0">250 m</quantity>
,
<date id="E30CA7E2F631000CD895853AFD4B91DD" box="[694,723,1149,1174]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" value="2022-12-06">06</date>
.xii.2022, Gabriel Lara leg. –
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF631000CDE3B853AFBF091DD" box="[1048,1128,1149,1174]" count="1" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF631000CDE56853AFF7491F3" count="1" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F631000CDAD485D8FEA491F3" box="[247,316,1183,1208]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">CCZA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF631000CDB6985D8FEDD9190" collectionCode="CCZA" country="Argentina" isTailEnumeration="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Mendoza">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F631000CDB6985D8FE2091F3" bold="true" box="[330,440,1183,1208]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F631000CDB6985D8FE2091F3" box="[330,440,1183,1208]" country="Argentina" name="Mendoza" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">Mendoza</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Desaguadero,
<date id="E30CA7E2F631000CD84785D8FD4891F3" box="[612,720,1183,1208]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" value="2017-02-05">05.ii.2017</date>
, light trap, G. Arriagada Leg. –
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF631000CDE0385D8FBF491F3" box="[1056,1132,1183,1208]" count="1" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF631000CDE5685D8FF749190" count="1" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F631000CDADA8585FEA79190" box="[249,319,1218,1243]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">CEMT</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF631000CDB6C8585FDF391B5" collectionCode="CEMT" collectorName="Belgrano &amp; Fundo El Molle" country="Argentina" elevation="622" isTailEnumeration="true" latitude="-33.039444" location="San Luis" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-66.513054" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="San Luis">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F631000CDB6C8585FE2A9190" bold="true" box="[335,434,1218,1243]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F631000CDB6C8585FE2A9190" box="[335,434,1218,1243]" country="Argentina" name="San Luis" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">San Luis</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F631000CDB9C8585FDBE9190" box="[447,550,1218,1243]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">Belgrano</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F631000CD8138585FD449190" box="[560,732,1218,1243]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">Fundo El Molle</collectorName>
,
<geoCoordinate id="F286E7E5F631000CD8C58585FCC79190" box="[742,863,1218,1243]" degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="02" orientation="latitude" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" precision="15" seconds="22" value="-33.039444">33°02'22''S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="F286E7E5F631000CD9498585FC749190" box="[874,1004,1218,1243]" degrees="66" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" precision="15" seconds="47" value="-66.513054">66°30'47''W</geoCoordinate>
, 622 m, light,
<date id="E30CA7E2F631000CDA8385A2FF2691B5" box="[160,190,1253,1278]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" value="2017-02-07">07</date>
.ii.2017, G. Arriagada –
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF631000CDBE685A2FD8C91B5" box="[453,532,1253,1278]" count="1" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F631000CD80185A2FDFE91B5" box="[546,614,1253,1278]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">CEMT</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF631000CD85785A2FEA29008" collectionCode="CERPE" collectorName="Parque Nacional das Emas" country="Brazil" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Goias" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Goias">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F631000CD85785A2FD5291B5" bold="true" box="[628,714,1253,1278]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F631000CD85785A2FD5291B5" box="[628,714,1253,1278]" name="Brazil" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F631000CD8FA85A2FC8491B5" bold="true" box="[729,796,1253,1278]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F631000CD8FA85A2FC8491B5" box="[729,796,1253,1278]" country="Brazil" name="Goias" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">Goiás</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Mineiros,
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F631000CD9B985A2FF46906B" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">Parque Nacional das Emas</collectorName>
,
<date id="E30CA7E2F631000CDAC58440FE9D906B" box="[230,261,1287,1312]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" value="1989-01-27">27</date>
.i.1989, B.B. Santos leg. –
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF631000CD8318440FDC4906B" box="[530,604,1287,1312]" count="1" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F631000CD8458440FD2C906B" box="[614,692,1287,1312]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">CERPE</collectionCode>
); same data but
<date id="E30CA7E2F631000CD9478440FCE9906B" box="[868,881,1287,1312]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" value="1989-10">x</date>
.1989, B.B. Santos leg. –
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF631000CDE568440FF4F9008" count="1" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F631000CDAC0846DFEA99008" box="[227,305,1322,1347]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">CERPE</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF631000CDB63846DFE6E902D" collectionCode="CERPE" country="Brazil" isTailEnumeration="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Goias">
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F631000CDB63846DFE3C9008" box="[320,420,1322,1347]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">São João</collectorName>
D’AlianÇa,
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F631000CD802846DFCB39008" box="[545,811,1322,1347]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">Chapada dos Veadeiros</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F631000CD915846DFC709008" box="[822,1000,1322,1347]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">Fazenda Sendai</collectorName>
,
<date id="E30CA7E2F631000CD9D0846DFB979008" box="[1011,1039,1322,1347]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" value="2007-11-14">14</date>
.xi.2007, R. M. Koike leg. –
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF631000CDB69840AFE38902D" box="[330,416,1357,1382]" count="2" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F631000CDB8E840AFE68902D" box="[429,496,1357,1382]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">EPGC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF631000CDBDC840AFF6090C3" collectionCode="EPGC" collectorName="Diamantino" country="Brazil" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Rio Arinos" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F631000CDBDC840AFD0E902D" bold="true" box="[511,662,1357,1382]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F631000CDBDC840AFD0E902D" box="[511,662,1357,1382]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Cuiabá,
<date id="E30CA7E2F631000CD8DE840AFCF2902D" box="[765,874,1357,1382]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" value="1994-05-18">18.v.1994</date>
, A.B. Kênia leg. –
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF631000CDE0E840AFB1B902D" box="[1069,1155,1357,1382]" count="1" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" type="male">1 males</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F631000CDA858428FF7690C3" box="[166,238,1391,1416]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">CEMT</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF631000CDB278428FC0390C3" box="[260,923,1391,1416]" collectionCode="CEMT" collectorName="Diamantino" country="Brazil" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Rio Arinos" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F631000CDB278428FE1690C3" box="[260,398,1391,1416]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">Diamantino</collectorName>
, Alto
<location id="926DD7F9F631000CDBF98428FDCF90C3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F1B3034F631000EDA838289FBB793E1:926DD7F9F631000CDBF98428FDCF90C3" box="[474,599,1391,1416]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Arinos" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">Rio Arinos</location>
,
<date id="E30CA7E2F631000CD84B8428FD1F90C3" box="[616,647,1391,1416]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" value="1998-11-05">05</date>
.xi.1998, E.
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F631000CD92D8428FCF090C3" box="[782,872,1391,1416]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">Furtado</collectorName>
leg
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF631000CD9B88428FB1D90C3" box="[923,1157,1391,1416]" collectionCode="CERPE" collectorName="Diamantino" country="Brazil" location="Rio Arinos" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">
. –
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF631000CD9E58428FB8190C3" box="[966,1049,1391,1416]" count="1" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F631000CDE088428FBE390C3" box="[1067,1147,1391,1416]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">CERPE</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF631000CDA8384D5FC5990E0" box="[160,961,1426,1451]" collectionCode="CERPE" collectorName="Diamantino" country="Brazil" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Rio Arinos" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F631000CDA8384D5FEBE90E0" box="[160,294,1426,1451]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">Diamantino</collectorName>
, Alto
<location id="926DD7F9F631000CDB4A84D5FE4790E0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F1B3034F631000EDA838289FBB793E1:926DD7F9F631000CDB4A84D5FE4790E0" box="[361,479,1426,1451]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Arinos" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">Rio Arinos</location>
,
<date id="E30CA7E2F631000CDBC884D5FE6390E0" box="[491,507,1426,1451]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" value="2011-03">iii</date>
.2011, E.
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F631000CD84684D5FD2590E0" box="[613,701,1426,1451]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">Furtado</collectorName>
leg. –
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF631000CD92E84D5FCC390E0" box="[781,859,1426,1451]" count="1" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F631000CD94A84D5FC2F90E0" box="[873,951,1426,1451]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">CERPE</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF631000CD9EB84D5FD649085" collectionCode="CERPE" collectorName="Diamantino" country="Brazil" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Rio Arinos" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">
<location id="926DD7F9F631000CD9EB84D5FF6E9085" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F1B3034F631000EDA838289FBB793E1:926DD7F9F631000CD9EB84D5FF6E9085" country="Brazil" name="Fazenda Vale da Solidao" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">Fazenda Vale da Solidão</location>
,
<date id="E30CA7E2F631000CDB2384F2FE819085" box="[256,281,1461,1486]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" value="2014-10-21">21</date>
.x.2014, E.
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F631000CDBB184F2FE729085" box="[402,490,1461,1486]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">Furtado</collectorName>
leg. –
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF631000CD81584F2FD009085" box="[566,664,1461,1486]" count="1" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F631000CD88684F2FD6B9085" box="[677,755,1461,1486]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">CERPE</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF631000CD92184F2FDE890BB" collectionCode="CERPE" country="Brazil" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Nossa Senhora do Livramento" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">
<location id="926DD7F9F631000CD92184F2FBC09085" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F1B3034F631000EDA838289FBB793E1:926DD7F9F631000CD92184F2FBC09085" box="[770,1112,1461,1486]" country="Brazil" name="Nossa Senhora do Livramento" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">Nossa Senhora do Livramento</location>
,
<date id="E30CA7E2F631000CDE4184F2FB189085" box="[1122,1152,1461,1486]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" value="2017-03-25">25</date>
. iii.2017, D.E.M Reis leg. –
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF631000CDB908490FD8A90BB" box="[435,530,1495,1520]" count="1" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F631000CD83E8490FDF390BB" box="[541,619,1495,1520]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">CERPE</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF631000CD85A8490FD809358" collectionCode="CERPE" country="Brazil" isTailEnumeration="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F631000CD85A8490FCC690BB" bold="true" box="[633,862,1495,1520]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F631000CD85A8490FCC690BB" box="[633,862,1495,1520]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso do Sul" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">Mato Grosso do Sul</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Cassilândia:
<date id="E30CA7E2F631000CD9D28490FBD790BB" box="[1009,1103,1495,1520]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" value="2014-10-01">1.x.2014</date>
, C.A. F. Barbosa leg. –
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF631000CDB4684BDFE2B9358" box="[357,435,1530,1555]" count="1" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F631000CDBE284BDFD979358" box="[449,527,1530,1555]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">CERPE</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF631000CD83C84BDFF60937D" collectionCode="CERPE" country="Brazil" isTailEnumeration="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul">
same data but
<date id="E30CA7E2F631000CD8ED84BDFD739358" box="[718,747,1530,1555]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" value="2014-10-30">30</date>
.x.2014, C.A.F. Barbosa leg. –
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF631000CDE1584BDFB1B9358" box="[1078,1155,1530,1555]" count="1" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F631000CDA86875AFF6B937D" box="[165,243,1565,1590]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">CERPE</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF631000CDB21875AFC43937D" box="[258,987,1565,1590]" collectionCode="CERPE" collectorName="Duraes" country="Brazil" isTailEnumeration="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F631000CDB21875AFE04937D" bold="true" box="[258,412,1565,1590]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F631000CDB21875AFE04937D" box="[258,412,1565,1590]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Lavras,
<date id="E30CA7E2F631000CDBDF875AFDF6937D" box="[508,622,1565,1590]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" value="2005-09-18">18.ix.2005</date>
, L.
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F631000CD8B1875AFD78937D" box="[658,736,1565,1590]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">Durães</collectorName>
leg. –
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(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F631000CD9A7875AFC4A937D" box="[900,978,1565,1590]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">CERPE</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF631000CD9C2875AFD1B9313" collectionCode="CERPE" collectorName="Duraes" country="Brazil" isTailEnumeration="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">
same data but
<date id="E30CA7E2F631000CDA838778FF259313" box="[160,189,1599,1624]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" value="2008-10-05">05</date>
.x.2008, J.V.C Leitão leg. –
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF631000CDBF88778FDBE9313" box="[475,550,1599,1624]" count="1" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F631000CD8138778FDE69313" box="[560,638,1599,1624]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">CERPE</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF631000CD8AF8778FD809330" collectionCode="CERPE" collectorName="Silva" country="Brazil" isTailEnumeration="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Para">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F631000CD8AF8778FD5A9313" bold="true" box="[652,706,1599,1624]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F631000CD8AF8778FD5A9313" box="[652,706,1599,1624]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">Pará</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Belém, Parque Estadual Utinga,
<date id="E30CA7E2F631000CDE0C8778FB189313" box="[1071,1152,1599,1624]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" value="2012-11">xi.2012</date>
, F.
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F631000CDA9E8725FF689330" box="[189,240,1634,1659]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">Silva</collectorName>
leg. –
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF631000CDB658725FE2D9330" box="[326,437,1634,1659]" count="2" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F631000CDBE68725FD8B9330" box="[453,531,1634,1659]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">CERPE</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF631000CD8058725FD9D93D5" collectionCode="CERPE" country="Brazil" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Diamante do Norte" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Parana">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F631000CD8058725FDE19330" bold="true" box="[550,633,1634,1659]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F631000CD8058725FDE19330" box="[550,633,1634,1659]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">Paraná</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<location id="926DD7F9F631000CD8AA8725FCF39330" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F1B3034F631000EDA838289FBB793E1:926DD7F9F631000CD8AA8725FCF39330" box="[649,875,1634,1659]" country="Brazil" name="Diamante do Norte" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" stateProvince="Parana">Diamante do Norte</location>
,
<date id="E30CA7E2F631000CD95A8725FC009330" box="[889,920,1634,1659]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" value="2011-11-27">27</date>
.xi.2011, Pitfall, M. A. Chermán leg. –
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF631000CDB7787C2FE3993D5" box="[340,417,1669,1694]" count="1" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F631000CDB8D87C2FE6493D5" box="[430,508,1669,1694]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">CERPE</collectionCode>
);
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<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF631000CD82F87C2FED6938B" collectionCode="CERPE" collectorName="Barros" country="Brazil" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Foz do IguaCu" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Parana">
<location id="926DD7F9F631000CD82F87C2FD3793D5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F1B3034F631000EDA838289FBB793E1:926DD7F9F631000CD82F87C2FD3793D5" box="[524,687,1669,1694]" country="Brazil" name="Foz do IguaCu" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" stateProvince="Parana">Foz do IguaÇu</location>
,
<date id="E30CA7E2F631000CD89987C2FD4E93D5" box="[698,726,1669,1694]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" value="2014-12-17">17</date>
.xii.2014, luz, R.
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F631000CD9A487C2FC5593D5" box="[903,973,1669,1694]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">Barros</collectorName>
leg. –
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF631000CDE3887C2FBF293D5" box="[1051,1130,1669,1694]" count="1" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF631000CDE5687C2FF74938B" count="1" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F631000CDAD487E0FEDD938B" box="[247,325,1703,1728]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">CERPE</collectionCode>
);
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<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF631000FDB7087E0FE3F95EC" collectionCode="CERPE" collectorName="Jaguariaiva" country="Brazil" isTailEnumeration="true" lastPageId="66" lastPageNumber="729" location="Parque Estadual do Cerrado" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Parana">
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F631000CDB7087E0FE4B938B" box="[339,467,1703,1728]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728">Jaguariaíva</collectorName>
,
<location id="926DD7F9F631000CDBF887E0FC8C938B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F1B3034F631000EDA838289FBB793E1:926DD7F9F631000CDBF887E0FC8C938B" box="[475,788,1703,1728]" country="Brazil" name="Parque Estadual do Cerrado" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" stateProvince="Parana">Parque Estadual do Cerrado</location>
,
<date id="E30CA7E2F631000CD93F87E0FCF8938B" box="[796,864,1703,1728]" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" value="2009-11-18" valueMax="2009-11-19" valueMin="2009-11-18">18–19</date>
.xi.
<quantity id="504A2CC7F631000CD95B87E0FB9F938B" box="[888,1031,1703,1728]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0098" pageId="65" pageNumber="728" unit="m" value="2009800.0">2009, 800 m</quantity>
, P.C. Grossi leg. –
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF632000FDACA81C9FED995EC" box="[233,321,142,167]" count="2" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F632000FDB7381C9FE0695EC" box="[336,414,142,167]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">CERPE</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF632000FDB9381C9FB9295EC" box="[432,1034,142,167]" collectionCode="CERPE" collectorName="Palmas" country="Brazil" isTailEnumeration="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Parana">
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F632000FDB9381C9FD9A95EC" box="[432,514,142,167]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">Palmas</collectorName>
,
<date id="E30CA7E2F632000FD82D81C9FDB295EC" box="[526,554,142,167]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" value="2013-11-18">18</date>
.xi.2013, S.
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F632000FD88A81C9FC9B95EC" box="[681,771,142,167]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">Castilho</collectorName>
leg. –
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF632000FD97681C9FC3C95EC" box="[853,932,142,167]" count="1" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F632000FD99181C9FB9895EC" box="[946,1024,142,167]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">CERPE</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF632000FDE3181C9FDD19581" collectionCode="CERPE" collectorName="Palmas" country="Brazil" isTailEnumeration="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Parana">
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F632000FDE3181C9FBFC95EC" box="[1042,1124,142,167]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">Palmas</collectorName>
,
<date id="E30CA7E2F632000FDE5381C9FBE595EC" box="[1136,1149,142,167]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" value="2013-12-01">1</date>
. xii.2013, S.
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F632000FDB3B81F6FEC29581" box="[280,346,177,202]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">Boese</collectorName>
leg. –
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF632000FDB8281F6FE739581" box="[417,491,177,202]" count="1" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F632000FDBD581F6FDDC9581" box="[502,580,177,202]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">CERPE</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF632000FD87281F6FEC795A6" collectionCode="CERPE" country="Brazil" isTailEnumeration="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Pernambuco">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F632000FD87281F6FD709581" bold="true" box="[593,744,177,202]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F632000FD87281F6FD709581" box="[593,744,177,202]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">Pernambuco</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Recife,
<date id="E30CA7E2F632000FD96281F6FC5A9581" box="[833,962,177,202]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" value="2013-08-15">15.Viii.2013</date>
, E.M.F Morais leg. –
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF632000FDA978193FE9895A6" box="[180,256,212,237]" count="1" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F632000FDB2F8193FEC295A6" box="[268,346,212,237]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">CERPE</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF632000FDB4A8193FC6C95A6" box="[361,1012,212,237]" collectionCode="CERPE" collectorName="Mozer" country="Brazil" isTailEnumeration="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Santa Catarina">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F632000FDB4A8193FD8195A6" bold="true" box="[361,537,212,237]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F632000FDB4A8193FD8195A6" box="[361,537,212,237]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<date id="E30CA7E2F632000FD8058193FD0A95A6" box="[550,658,212,237]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" value="2012-05-25">25.v.2012</date>
, A.
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F632000FD89A8193FD6795A6" box="[697,767,212,237]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">Mozer</collectorName>
leg. –
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF632000FD96A8193FC0D95A6" box="[841,917,212,237]" count="1" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F632000FD9828193FC7795A6" box="[929,1007,212,237]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">CERPE</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF632000FD9DD8193FD039444" collectionCode="CERPE" collectorName="Porto Alegre" country="Brazil" location="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F632000FD9DD8193FF779444" bold="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F632000FD9DD8193FF779444" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Cerro Azul, 1932 –
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF632000FDBC781B1FDAB9444" box="[484,563,246,271]" count="1" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F632000FD86081B1FD099444" box="[579,657,246,271]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">CERPE</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF632000FD88781B1FC57941E" collectionCode="CERPE" collectorName="Porto Alegre" country="Brazil" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul">
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F632000FD88781B1FCA09444" box="[676,824,246,271]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">Porto Alegre</collectorName>
,
<date id="E30CA7E2F632000FD96581B1FCC69444" box="[838,862,246,271]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" value="1949-12">xii</date>
.1949. J. Becker –
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF632000FDE1781B1FB1B9444" box="[1076,1155,246,271]" count="1" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F632000FDA86805EFF6B9479" box="[165,243,281,306]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">CERPE</collectionCode>
);
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F632000FDB22805EFEE49479" box="[257,380,281,306]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">Santa Rosa</collectorName>
,
<date id="E30CA7E2F632000FDBA7805EFE069479" box="[388,414,281,306]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" value="1931-12">xii</date>
.1931, E.
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F632000FDBDF805EFDA29479" box="[508,570,281,306]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">Viana</collectorName>
leg. –
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF632000FD8A3805EFD789479" box="[640,736,281,306]" count="1" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F632000FD8C9805EFCA09479" box="[746,824,281,306]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">CERPE</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F632000FD965805EFC239479" bold="true" box="[838,955,281,306]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F632000FD965805EFC239479" box="[838,955,281,306]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Serra da
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F632000FDE05805EFEF0941E" authority=", Pousada Lageado" authorityName="Pousada Lageado" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Bocaina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bocaina, Pousada Lageado</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="E30CA7E2F632000FDB52807BFE60941E" box="[369,504,316,341]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" value="2016-02-09" valueMax="2016-02-10" valueMin="2016-02-09">9–10.ii.2016</date>
, 1540 m, C.G. Mielke leg. –
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF632000FD901807BFCF5941E" box="[802,877,316,341]" count="1" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F632000FD95B807BFC5E941E" box="[888,966,316,341]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">CERPE</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF632000FD9F0807BFDF7943C" collectionCode="CERPE" collectorName="Pederneiras" country="Brazil" isTailEnumeration="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F632000FD9F0807BFBC1941E" box="[979,1113,316,341]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">Pederneiras</collectorName>
,
<date id="E30CA7E2F632000FDE41807BFB18941E" box="[1122,1152,316,341]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" value="2016-10-14">14</date>
. x.2016, luz, M.
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F632000FDB1C8019FE19943C" box="[319,385,350,375]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">Bento</collectorName>
leg. –
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF632000FDBE48019FD8A943C" box="[455,530,350,375]" count="1" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F632000FD83F8019FDF2943C" box="[540,618,350,375]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">CERPE</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF632000FD8548019FB19943C" box="[631,1153,350,375]" collectionCode="FDPC" country="Paraguay" location="Caazapa" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Caazapa">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F632000FD8548019FCE9943C" bold="true" box="[631,881,350,375]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F632000FD8548019FC9A943C" box="[631,770,350,375]" name="Paraguay" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">PARAGUAY</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F632000FD92F8019FCE9943C" box="[780,881,350,375]" country="Paraguay" name="Caazapa" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">Caazapa</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<date id="E30CA7E2F632000FD95F8019FC15943C" box="[892,909,350,375]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" value="1992-11">xi</date>
.1992 –
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF632000FD9C08019FBB5943C" box="[995,1069,350,375]" count="1" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F632000FDE1B8019FBE3943C" box="[1080,1147,350,375]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">FDPC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF632000FDA8380C6FBA794D1" box="[160,1087,385,410]" collectionCode="FDPC" collectorName="Aguilar" country="Paraguay" isTailEnumeration="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="7" stateProvince="Concepcion">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F632000FDA8380C6FEB394D1" bold="true" box="[160,299,385,410]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F632000FDA8380C6FEB394D1" box="[160,299,385,410]" country="Paraguay" name="Concepcion" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">Concepción</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Estancia Cororo,
<date id="E30CA7E2F632000FDBD580C6FD0994D1" box="[502,657,385,410]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" value="2001-03-10" valueMax="2001-03-20" valueMin="2001-03-10">10–20.iii.2001</date>
, luz, C.
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F632000FD8C480C6FCAF94D1" box="[743,823,385,410]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">Aguilar</collectorName>
leg. –
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF632000FD9A780C6FC4294D1" box="[900,986,385,410]" count="7" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" type="male">7 males</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F632000FD9CB80C6FBAE94D1" box="[1000,1078,385,410]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">CERPE</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF632000FDE6680C6FDD994F6" collectionCode="CERPE" collectorName="Zanja Moroti" country="Paraguay" isTailEnumeration="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-male="7" stateProvince="Concepcion">
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F632000FDE6680C6FF7794F6" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">Zanja Moroti</collectorName>
,
<date id="E30CA7E2F632000FDADC80E3FE8394F6" box="[255,283,420,445]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" value="2004-10-10">10</date>
.x.2004 –
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF632000FDBB180E3FE7C94F6" box="[402,484,420,445]" count="1" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F632000FDBD580E3FDA394F6" box="[502,571,420,445]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">FDPC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF632000FD87380E3FB1994F6" box="[592,1153,420,445]" collectionCode="FDPC" country="Paraguay" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Guaira">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F632000FD87380E3FD3994F6" bold="true" box="[592,673,420,445]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F632000FD87380E3FD3994F6" box="[592,673,420,445]" country="Paraguay" name="Guaira" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">Guaira</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Carlos Pfanni,
<date id="E30CA7E2F632000FD94280E3FC3494F6" box="[865,940,420,445]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" value="1981-02">ii.1981</date>
–
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF632000FD9F180E3FBBC94F6" box="[978,1060,420,445]" count="1" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F632000FDE1580E3FBE394F6" box="[1078,1147,420,445]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">FDPC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF632000FDA838081FD459494" box="[160,733,454,479]" collectionCode="FDPC" collectorName="PN Ybycui" country="Paraguay" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Paraguari" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Paraguari">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F632000FDA838081FE8C9494" bold="true" box="[160,276,454,479]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F632000FDA838081FE8C9494" box="[160,276,454,479]" country="Paraguay" name="Paraguari" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">Paraguari</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F632000FDB008081FE029494" box="[291,410,454,479]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">PN Ybycui</collectorName>
,
<date id="E30CA7E2F632000FDB868081FE279494" box="[421,447,454,479]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" value="1989-11-21">21</date>
.xi.1989 –
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF632000FD8178081FD1A9494" box="[564,642,454,479]" count="1" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F632000FD8B28081FD4C9494" box="[657,724,454,479]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">FDPC</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF632000FD8C68081FD279749" collectionCode="FDPC" collectorName="La Colmena &amp; Salto Cristal" country="Paraguay" isTailEnumeration="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Paraguari">
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F632000FD8C68081FCF59494" box="[741,877,454,479]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">La Colmena</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F632000FD9598081FB9A9494" box="[890,1026,454,479]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">Salto Cristal</collectorName>
,
<date id="E30CA7E2F632000FDE2D8081FBB39494" box="[1038,1067,454,479]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" value="2004-11-28">28</date>
.xi.2004, 317 m, B.
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F632000FDB2880AEFEF99749" box="[267,353,489,514]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">Garcete</collectorName>
leg. –
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF632000FDB8980AEFE6F9749" box="[426,503,489,514]" count="1" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF632000FD82380AEFDF89749" box="[512,608,489,514]" count="1" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F632000FD84F80AEFD229749" box="[620,698,489,514]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">CERPE</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF632000FD8EB80AEFE3D976E" collectionCode="CERPE" collectorName="Barattini" country="Uruguay" location="Maldonado" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Maldonado">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F632000FD8EB80AEFC4F9749" bold="true" box="[712,983,489,514]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F632000FD8EB80AEFCDD9749" box="[712,837,489,514]" name="Uruguay" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">URUGUAY</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F632000FD96C80AEFC4F9749" box="[847,983,489,514]" country="Uruguay" name="Maldonado" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">Maldonado</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: 1924,
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F632000FDE0680AEFB1B9749" box="[1061,1155,489,514]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">Barattini</collectorName>
leg. –
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF632000FDAC7834BFEDD976E" box="[228,325,524,549]" count="1" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F632000FDB71834BFE38976E" box="[338,416,524,549]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">CERPE</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F632000FDA838316FD8B9720" blockId="66.[160,1157,593,1728]" box="[160,531,593,619]" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F632000FDA838316FD8B9720" bold="true" box="[160,531,593,619]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">
Male redescription (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F632000FDBAF8316FE749720" box="[396,492,593,619]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="15.[160,225,1278,1301]" captionTargetBox="[170,1138,145,1235]" captionTargetId="figure-132@15.[163,1153,142,1246]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 4. Male dorsal habitus (continuation): (a) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (b) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (c) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (d) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus fabius." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971561" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971561/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">Figure 4</figureCitation>
(e))
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F632000EDA838332FB9694D1" blockId="66.[160,1157,593,1728]" lastBlockId="67.[160,1156,142,410]" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="730" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F632000FDA838332FF7397C5" box="[160,235,629,654]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">Length</emphasis>
: 17.1–25.0 mm.
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F632000FDBBD8332FE4797C5" box="[414,479,629,654]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">Width</emphasis>
: 10.0–
<quantity id="504A2CC7F632000FD8048332FD1197C5" box="[551,649,629,654]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.31" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" unit="mm" value="13.1">13.1 mm</quantity>
.
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F632000FD8B18332FD4197C5" box="[658,729,629,654]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">Colour</emphasis>
: Mostly reddish brown; marginal parts of legs and pronotum dark.
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F632000FDBC783D0FD8597FB" box="[484,541,663,688]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">Head</emphasis>
: Clypeus subtriangular, posterior width about 4.0–4.8 times wider than anterior; lateral margins sinuous, constricted towards anterior half; anterior teeth small, conical, about the distance of 2 teeth apart; surface usually glabrous, or with scarce and small setae, nearly entirely rugopunctate, except for rugose disc (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F632000FDE1F83B8FF369670" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1331,1354]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-42@16.[163,1153,142,1300]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal view of clypeus and mandibular teeth (a–e), lateral view of clypeus and left mandible (f, g): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp.n.; (b, f) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus minor; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e, g) Bothynus fabius. at = apical tooth, mt = medial tooth, bt = basal tooth, mp4 = maxillary palpomere 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971563/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">Figure 5</figureCitation>
(e)). Frontoclypeal carina usually arched, well marked. Frons transversely rugopunctate, glabrous; punctures minute, arranged between wrinkles; posterior region limited by a smooth, transverse area. Interocular width about 3.3–3.5 transverse eye diameters.
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F632000FDA8382CDFE8696E8" box="[160,286,906,931]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">Mouthparts</emphasis>
: Mandibles bearing 3 teeth produced on outer margins (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F632000FD9B882CDFC6096E8" box="[923,1016,906,931]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1331,1354]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-42@16.[163,1153,142,1300]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal view of clypeus and mandibular teeth (a–e), lateral view of clypeus and left mandible (f, g): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp.n.; (b, f) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus minor; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e, g) Bothynus fabius. at = apical tooth, mt = medial tooth, bt = basal tooth, mp4 = maxillary palpomere 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971563/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">Figure 5</figureCitation>
(e, g)); apical and medial teeth triangular; medial tooth wider compared to apical; basal tooth lobed, smaller than previous ones, nearly fused to medial tooth; maxilla bearing 2–3 teeth on apex of galea. Labium subtriangular, surrounded by dense, setigerous punctures; discal region scarcely setose.
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F632000FDB8E8552FD8D9165" box="[429,533,1045,1070]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">Antennae</emphasis>
: Club subequal in length to antennomeres 2–7 combined.
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F632000FDAD28570FEC4911B" box="[241,348,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">Prothorax</emphasis>
: Pronotum usually bearing a small anterior tubercle; cavity rounded, mostly shallow, confined to anterior disc; pronotal surface nearly entirely covered by minute punctures, except for areas close to margins with dense, ocellate, small to large punctures; punctures on anterior corners coalescent to contiguous; punctures close to lateral margins smaller those on anterior corners, separated about 1–4 puncture diameters; cavity rarely rugopunctate or rugose, usually covered with large, deep, transverse, oval punctures.
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F632000FDB738440FE57906B" box="[336,463,1287,1312]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">Pterothorax</emphasis>
: Scutellar plate subtriangular, usually smooth, sometimes with scarce, minute punctures. Elytra with deep striae covered by small, ocellate punctures; punctures on sutural stria contiguous; punctures on other striae separated by 2–3 puncture diameters; punctures on interstriae mostly minute, small punctures scarce.
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F632000FDA8384D5FF4890E0" box="[160,208,1426,1451]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">Legs</emphasis>
: Inner protarsal claw simple, equal to outer claw (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F632000FD90684D5FC0D90E0" box="[805,917,1426,1451]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971575/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">Figure 11</figureCitation>
(l)). Metatarsomere 1 with shortened outer apex. Meso- and metatibia usually bearing only a medial carina produced outer surface.
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F632000FDB928490FD8290BB" box="[433,538,1495,1520]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">Abdomen</emphasis>
: Stridulatory apparatus of tergite 7 usually formed by 1 band of paired, well-marked striae (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F632000FD81D84BDFD349358" box="[574,684,1530,1555]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971593/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">Figure 19</figureCitation>
(b)). Tergite 8 glabrous, rugopunctate on sides and in the middle near anterior margin, disc smooth. Sternites 4–7 moderately rugose on sides, with rugosity becoming fine towards to anterior half of discal region; sternite 7 with a row of setigerous punctures close to posterior margin, usually not reaching the discal region; sternite 8 weakly rugopunctate on corners and on transverse anterior half, posterior half from weakly punctate to smooth, glabrous.
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F632000FD99F87E0FBE6938B" box="[956,1150,1703,1728]" class="Insecta" family="Hapalopteridae" genus="Spiculum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caloneurodea" pageId="66" pageNumber="729" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gastrale">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F632000FD99F87E0FBE6938B" box="[956,1150,1703,1728]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="729">Spiculum gastrale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Y-shaped, branches subequal in length; lateral branches separated by U-shaped gap; medial branch rounded apically (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F633000ED83F81F6FD119581" box="[540,649,177,202]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="24.[160,225,1320,1343]" captionTargetBox="[165,1145,148,1282]" captionTargetId="figure-93@24.[163,1153,142,1288]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 12. Spiculum gastrale: (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus cylindricus; (d) Bothynus deiphobus; (e) Bothynus laevipennis; (f) Bothynus fabius. hs = hemisternite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971577/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="730">Figure 12</figureCitation>
(f)). Hemisternite oval, unfused, separated at middle by a narrow, longitudinal membrane, sometimes incomplete; apical margin covered with setae.
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F633000EDBB681B1FD989444" box="[405,512,246,271]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="730">Aedeagus</emphasis>
: Parameres, in dorsal view, smooth, broadly rounded laterally at basal half, strongly constricted lateroventrally towards apical half, apex with 2 rounded, elongate lobes (about 2 times longer than width of own basis) (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F633000ED9CC807BFBC2941E" box="[1007,1114,316,341]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="730">Figure 13</figureCitation>
(q)). Parameres, in lateral view, arched dorsally; ventral area with a deflexed projection subtriangular in shape, basis without carina; apex broadly rounded (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F633000ED95B80C6FC7C94D1" box="[888,996,385,410]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971581" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971581/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="730">Figure 14</figureCitation>
(q)).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F633000EDA838092FDA194A4" blockId="67.[160,1155,469,634]" box="[160,569,469,495]" pageId="67" pageNumber="730">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F633000EDA838092FDA194A4" bold="true" box="[160,569,469,495]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="730">
Female redescription (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F633000EDB8B8092FD8C94A4" box="[424,532,469,495]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="30.[160,225,983,1006]" captionTargetBox="[166,1149,145,950]" captionTargetId="figure-182@30.[163,1153,142,952]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 16. Female dorsal habitus (continuation):(a) Bothynus nyx; (b) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (c) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (d) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (e) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (f) Bothynus fabius; (g) Bothynus thrix (paratype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971585" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971585/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="730">Figure 16</figureCitation>
(f))
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F633000EDA8380BEFCEF9731" blockId="67.[160,1155,469,634]" pageId="67" pageNumber="730">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F633000EDA8380BEFF739759" box="[160,235,505,530]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="730">Length</emphasis>
: 20.0–22.2.
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F633000EDB4880BEFE349759" box="[363,428,505,530]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="730">Width</emphasis>
: 11.9–12.9. Similar to male, except for: tergite 8 flattened in lateral view, bearing an excavation on each side close to posterior margin (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F633000ED9BA835BFB9C977E" box="[921,1028,540,565]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971593/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="730">Figure 19</figureCitation>
(d)), surface glabrous. Sternite 8 parabola-shaped; surface nearly entire rugose, except for a weakly punctate disc; setae confined on posterior margin (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F633000ED8C28326FCD49731" box="[737,844,609,634]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="39.[160,225,1072,1095]" captionTargetBox="[166,1151,148,1039]" captionTargetId="figure-196@39.[163,1153,142,1041]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 21. Sternites 4–8 of females (a–d): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (b) Bothynus cylindricus; (c) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (d) Bothynus fabius. st = sternite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971597" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971597/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="730">Figure 21</figureCitation>
(d)).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F633000EDA8383F2FB919161" pageId="67" pageNumber="730" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="970D8122F633000EDA8383F2FEB49784" blockId="67.[160,1156,693,1066]" box="[160,300,693,719]" pageId="67" pageNumber="730">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F633000EDA8383F2FEB49784" bold="true" box="[160,300,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="730">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F633000EDA83839EFB919161" blockId="67.[160,1156,693,1066]" pageId="67" pageNumber="730">
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F633000EDA83839EFE9797B9" box="[160,271,729,754]" name="Argentina" pageId="67" pageNumber="730">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(Buenos Aires, Entre Rios, La Pampa, Mendoza, San Luis),
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F633000ED993839EFC7497B9" box="[944,1004,729,754]" name="Brazil" pageId="67" pageNumber="730">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Pará, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Sul),
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F633000EDB418259FE52967C" box="[354,458,798,823]" name="Paraguay" pageId="67" pageNumber="730">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
(Concepción, Paraguari), and
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F633000ED90D8259FC16967C" box="[814,910,798,823]" name="Uruguay" pageId="67" pageNumber="730">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F633000ED9BC8259FBBA967C" box="[927,1058,798,823]" country="Uruguay" name="Maldonado" pageId="67" pageNumber="730">Maldonado</collectingRegion>
) (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F633000EDE1F8259FF239611" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="50.[160,225,1599,1622]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,145,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-3@50.[163,1153,142,1567]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Figure 24. Known geographical distribution of Bothynus bentoi sp. n., Bothynus deiphobus, Bothynus minor, Bothynus fabius, and Bothynus thrix." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971603/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="730">Figure 24</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F633000EDAF18206FE199611" box="[210,385,833,858]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabius">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F633000EDAF18206FE199611" box="[210,385,833,858]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="730">Bothynus fabius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the widest distribution among the species of group, occurring from northern
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F633000EDB678223FE189636" box="[324,384,868,893]" name="Brazil" pageId="67" pageNumber="730">Brazil</collectingCountry>
to south-east
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F633000ED83C8223FD089636" box="[543,656,868,893]" name="Argentina" pageId="67" pageNumber="730">Argentina</collectingCountry>
. Some adult specimens were collected in the soil at
<quantity id="504A2CC7F633000EDAD782C1FEA596D4" box="[244,317,902,927]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="67" pageNumber="730" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
depth in General Acha municipality,
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F633000ED92382C1FCE896D4" box="[768,880,902,927]" name="Argentina" pageId="67" pageNumber="730">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(Gabriel Lara, personal communication with PRMD). The species is commonly attracted to light at night and was collected with a‘Luiz de Queiroz’ light trap in a pasture area by
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F633000ED9BB828BFF7F914C" author="Menis FT &amp; Rodrigues SR" pageId="67" pageNumber="730" refId="ref36715" refString="Menis FT, Rodrigues SR. 2021. Ocurrence of phytophagous Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera) in a pasture area at the Bsalamo Municipality, Sao Paulo, Brazil. EntomoBrasilis. doi:10.12741/ebrasilis.v14. e 928." type="book" year="2021">Menis and Rodrigues (2021)</bibRefCitation>
. Furthermore,
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F633000EDBAF82A9FE70914C" box="[396,488,1006,1031]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabius">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F633000EDBAF82A9FE70914C" box="[396,488,1006,1031]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="730">B. fabius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the characteristic of producing swarms in high populations during the summer in southern Brazil’s natural fields (
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F633000ED9188556FC649161" author="Grossi PC &amp; Leivas FWT &amp; Almeida LM" box="[827,1020,1041,1066]" pageId="67" pageNumber="730" pagination="108 - 114" refId="ref36217" refString="Grossi PC, Leivas FWT, Almeida LM. 2012. Dynastinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Melolonthidae) dos Campos Gerais, Parana, Brasil. In: Carpanezzi OTB, Campos JB, editors. Coletanea de Pesquisas Parques Estaduais de Vila Velha, Cerrado e Guartela. 1 st ed Curitiba: IA; p. 108-114." type="book chapter" year="2012">
Grossi
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F633000ED9AB8556FC209161" box="[904,952,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="730">et al</emphasis>
. 2012
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F633000EDA838522FBB793E1" pageId="67" pageNumber="730" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="970D8122F633000EDA838522FE9E9134" blockId="67.[160,1157,1125,1706]" box="[160,262,1125,1151]" pageId="67" pageNumber="730">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F633000EDA838522FE9E9134" bold="true" box="[160,262,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="730">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F633000EDA8385CEFBB793E1" blockId="67.[160,1157,1125,1706]" pageId="67" pageNumber="730">
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F633000EDA8385CEFECE91E9" author="Fairmaire L" box="[160,342,1161,1186]" pageId="67" pageNumber="730" pagination="260 - 270" refId="ref36088" refString="Fairmaire L. 1878. Description de coleopteres nouveaux d'Amerique. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquee, Series. 3 (6): 260-270." type="journal article" year="1878">Fairmaire (1878)</bibRefCitation>
provided the original description of
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F633000ED8D185CEFBC991E9" box="[754,1105,1161,1186]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="730">
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F633000ED8D185CEFC5E91E9" authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1878" box="[754,966,1161,1186]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scaptophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabius">Scaptophilus fabius</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F633000ED9F285CEFBC991E9" baseAuthorityName="Fairmaire" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[977,1105,1161,1186]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striatellus">S. striatellus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F633000EDA8385EBFEBF918E" box="[160,295,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadratus">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F633000EDA8385EBFEBF918E" box="[160,295,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="730">S. quadratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in this order. These species appeared in a new combination within the genus
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F633000EDA838589FE9C91AC" box="[160,260,1230,1255]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F633000EDA838589FE9C91AC" box="[160,260,1230,1255]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="730">Bothynus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F633000EDB088589FE5691AC" author="Arrow GJ" box="[299,462,1230,1255]" pageId="67" pageNumber="730" refId="ref35700" refString="Arrow GJ. 1937 b. Coleopterorum Catalogus, pars 156. Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae. W. Junk." type="journal volume" year="1937">Arrow (1937b)</bibRefCitation>
(see
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F633000ED82E8589FD0191AC" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[525,665,1230,1255]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deiphobus">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F633000ED82E8589FD0191AC" box="[525,665,1230,1255]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="730">B. deiphobus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
remarks). Posteriorly,
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F633000ED9B48589FBA691AC" author="Endrodi S" box="[919,1086,1230,1255]" pageId="67" pageNumber="730" pagination="1 - 145" refId="ref36032" refString="Endrodi S. 1969. Monographie der Dynastinae. 4. Tribus: pentodontini (Coleoptera, Lamellicornia). Entomologische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde in Dresden. 37: 1-145." type="journal article" year="1969">Endrödi (1969)</bibRefCitation>
synonymised
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F633000EDB2B85B6FEFE9041" authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1878" box="[264,358,1265,1290]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scaptophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabius">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F633000EDB2B85B6FEFE9041" box="[264,358,1265,1290]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="730">B. fabius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F633000EDB8085B6FDB69041" box="[419,558,1265,1290]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadratus">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F633000EDB8085B6FDB69041" box="[419,558,1265,1290]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="730">B. quadratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
under
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F633000ED8A085B6FC9F9041" baseAuthorityName="Fairmaire" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[643,775,1265,1290]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striatellus">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F633000ED8A085B6FC9F9041" box="[643,775,1265,1290]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="730">B. striatellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, the nomenclatural act performed by
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F633000EDB6F8453FE6F9066" author="Endrodi S" box="[332,503,1300,1325]" pageId="67" pageNumber="730" pagination="1 - 145" refId="ref36032" refString="Endrodi S. 1969. Monographie der Dynastinae. 4. Tribus: pentodontini (Coleoptera, Lamellicornia). Entomologische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde in Dresden. 37: 1-145." type="journal article" year="1969">Endrödi (1969)</bibRefCitation>
was invalid because it disagreed with the principle of priority (Article 23) of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN). Following the order of description presented by
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F633000ED8FF841EFC0E9039" author="Fairmaire L" box="[732,918,1369,1394]" pageId="67" pageNumber="730" pagination="260 - 270" refId="ref36088" refString="Fairmaire L. 1878. Description de coleopteres nouveaux d'Amerique. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquee, Series. 3 (6): 260-270." type="journal article" year="1878">Fairmaire (1878)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F633000ED986841EFB9D9039" authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1878" box="[933,1029,1369,1394]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scaptophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabius">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F633000ED986841EFB9D9039" box="[933,1029,1369,1394]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="730">B. fabius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be prioritised over
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F633000EDB7A843BFE4790DE" baseAuthorityName="Fairmaire" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[345,479,1404,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striatellus">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F633000EDB7A843BFE4790DE" box="[345,479,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="730">B. striatellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Although
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F633000ED847843BFD7290DE" baseAuthorityName="Fairmaire" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[612,746,1404,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striatellus">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F633000ED847843BFD7290DE" box="[612,746,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="730">B. striatellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had been the prevailing name for almost a half-century and was used by several authors since Endrödi’s proposition, it does not attain reversal precedence according to article 23.9 of the ICZN. In this case, it should comply with two conditions: (1) the senior synonym or homonym has not been used as a valid name after 1899, and (2) the junior synonym or homonym has been used for a particular taxon, as its presumed valid name, in at least 25 works, published by at least 10 authors in the immediately preceding 50 years and encompassing a span of not less than 10 years. The name
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F633000EDBB08729FE6C93CC" authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1878" box="[403,500,1646,1671]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scaptophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabius">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F633000EDBB08729FE6C93CC" box="[403,500,1646,1671]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="730">B. fabius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was used after 1899, so the first condition is not met. Therefore,
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F633000EDB3A87D6FEEE93E1" authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1878" box="[281,374,1681,1706]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scaptophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabius">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F633000EDB3A87D6FEEE93E1" box="[281,374,1681,1706]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="730">B. fabius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be revalidated and
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F633000ED88887D6FCB593E1" baseAuthorityName="Fairmaire" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[683,813,1681,1706]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striatellus">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F633000ED88887D6FCB593E1" box="[683,813,1681,1706]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="730">B. striatellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
synonymised under it.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:extent id="4138C0644B8541CFBAD44D04A5A4F03B" unit="page">
<mods:start id="A4642E4045ACA1C8F5033FCCD76E8070">663</mods:start>
<mods:end id="F81DF372DCA91D48A1D937FDFA5055C2">737</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="4EC48C736D7D532985B2D76A709C4728">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="8338E0AA16E570F0AA3548E69AD10BBD" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2025.2456579</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A0924F723A25FA601B3B137D11F618CA" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A44EAD43745DEE81FB1C1660836737B3" type="Zenodo-Dep">14971553</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="1F1B3034F6350005DA838458FB1B9478" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F1B3034F6350005DA838458FB1B9478" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1F1B3034F6350005DA838458FB1B9478" lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="735" pageId="69" pageNumber="732">
<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F6350008DA838458FBCB9071" box="[160,1107,1311,1338]" pageId="69" pageNumber="732" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="970D8122F6350008DA838458FBCB9071" blockId="69.[160,1155,1311,1459]" box="[160,1107,1311,1338]" pageId="69" pageNumber="732">
<heading id="CC45364EF6350008DA838458FBCB9071" bold="true" box="[160,1107,1311,1338]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="69" pageNumber="732" reason="3">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6350008DA838458FBCB9071" bold="true" box="[160,1107,1311,1338]" pageId="69" pageNumber="732">
Identification key to the species of the
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F6350008D8868458FC0B9071" ID-CoL="MP9C" box="[677,915,1311,1338]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="732" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ascanius">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6350008D8868458FC0B9071" bold="true" box="[677,915,1311,1338]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="732">Bothynus ascanius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F6350008DA838412FDE490F8" pageId="69" pageNumber="732" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="970D8122F6350008DA838412FDE490F8" blockId="69.[160,1155,1311,1459]" pageId="69" pageNumber="732">Note: the key only permits the identification of physically complete and unworn specimens. Unfortunately, incomplete or abraded specimens may be impossible to identify when the requisite characters are missing.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F6350005DA878498FB1B9478" lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="735" pageId="69" pageNumber="732" type="key">
<key id="E323D613F6350005DA878498FB1B9478" lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="735" pageId="69" pageNumber="732">
<keyStep id="2C469987F6350008DA878498FB1B9375" pageId="69" pageNumber="732">
<paragraph id="970D8122F6350008DA878498FB1B90B3" blockId="69.[164,1156,1503,1728]" box="[164,1155,1503,1528]" pageId="69" pageNumber="732">
<keyLead id="2C432217F6350008DA878498FB1B90B3" box="[164,1155,1503,1528]" pageId="69" pageNumber="732">
1. Surface of elytra glabrous (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6350008DBD88498FDDF90B3" box="[507,583,1503,1528]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[160,225,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-43@21.[163,1153,142,1454]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Dorsal view of the left elytron (a–c), anterior corner of the right elytron (d–e): (a) Bothynus laevipennis; (b) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (c) Bothynus thrix; (d) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n. (black arrow points to the absence of marginal epipleura); (e) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971573" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971573/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="732">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
(a, b)) ....................................................................................... 2
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F6350008DA8A8745FB1B9375" blockId="69.[164,1156,1503,1728]" pageId="69" pageNumber="732">
<keyLead id="2C432217F6350008DA8A8745FB1B9375" pageId="69" pageNumber="732">
- Surface of elytra bearing conspicuous yellowish setae (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6350008D91D8745FC139350" box="[830,907,1538,1563]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[160,225,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-43@21.[163,1153,142,1454]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Dorsal view of the left elytron (a–c), anterior corner of the right elytron (d–e): (a) Bothynus laevipennis; (b) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (c) Bothynus thrix; (d) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n. (black arrow points to the absence of marginal epipleura); (e) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971573" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971573/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="732">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
(c)).
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F6350008D99F8745FBB59350" box="[956,1069,1538,1563]" name="Argentina" pageId="69" pageNumber="732">Argentina</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F6350008DE198745FB1C9350" box="[1082,1156,1538,1563]" name="Bolivia" pageId="69" pageNumber="732">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F6350008DAD98762FEB69375" box="[250,302,1573,1598]" name="Brazil" pageId="69" pageNumber="732">Brazil</collectingCountry>
............................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F6350008D9B48762FB1B9375" authority="Hardy" authorityName="Hardy" authorityYear="2017" box="[919,1155,1573,1598]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="732" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trix">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6350008D9B48762FB1B9375" bold="true" box="[919,1155,1573,1598]" pageId="69" pageNumber="732">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6350008D9B48762FBAB9375" bold="true" box="[919,1075,1573,1598]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="732">Bothynus trix</emphasis>
Hardy
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="2C469987F6350008DA878725FB1C938B" pageId="69" pageNumber="732">
<paragraph id="970D8122F6350008DA878725FB1B9330" blockId="69.[164,1156,1503,1728]" box="[164,1155,1634,1659]" pageId="69" pageNumber="732">
<keyLead id="2C432217F6350008DA878725FB1B9330" box="[164,1155,1634,1659]" pageId="69" pageNumber="732">
2. Elytral epipleura with distinct and complete margin (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6350008D93C8725FCF29330" box="[799,874,1634,1659]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[160,225,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-43@21.[163,1153,142,1454]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Dorsal view of the left elytron (a–c), anterior corner of the right elytron (d–e): (a) Bothynus laevipennis; (b) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (c) Bothynus thrix; (d) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n. (black arrow points to the absence of marginal epipleura); (e) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971573" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971573/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="732">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
(e)) ....................................... 3
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F6350008DA8A87C2FB1C938B" blockId="69.[164,1156,1503,1728]" pageId="69" pageNumber="732">
<keyLead id="2C432217F6350008DA8A87C2FB1C938B" pageId="69" pageNumber="732">
- Elytral epipleura either lacking margin, or with incomplete margin when present (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6350008DE7F87C2FF6E938B" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[160,225,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-43@21.[163,1153,142,1454]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Dorsal view of the left elytron (a–c), anterior corner of the right elytron (d–e): (a) Bothynus laevipennis; (b) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (c) Bothynus thrix; (d) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n. (black arrow points to the absence of marginal epipleura); (e) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971573" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971573/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="732">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
(d))................................................ ................................................
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F6350008D96487E0FBA5938B" authorityName="Duarte &amp; Dupuis &amp; Grossi" authorityYear="2025" box="[839,1085,1703,1728]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="732" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arriagadae" status="sp. nov.">Bothynus arriagadae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BEF5E04BF6350008DE6787E0FB1C938B" box="[1092,1156,1703,1728]" pageId="69" pageNumber="732" rank="species">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6350008DE6787E0FBE6938B" bold="true" box="[1092,1150,1703,1728]" pageId="69" pageNumber="732">sp. n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="2C469987F636000BDA8781C8FB1B9478" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
<paragraph id="970D8122F636000BDA8781C8FB1B9580" blockId="70.[162,1156,143,1699]" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
<keyLead id="2C432217F636000BDA8781C8FB1B9580" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
3. Surface of elytra bearing deep, well-impressed punctures, ranging in size from small to large (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F636000BDB0581F5FEE99580" box="[294,369,178,203]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[160,225,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-43@21.[163,1153,142,1454]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Dorsal view of the left elytron (a–c), anterior corner of the right elytron (d–e): (a) Bothynus laevipennis; (b) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (c) Bothynus thrix; (d) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n. (black arrow points to the absence of marginal epipleura); (e) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971573" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971573/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
(b)) .................................................................................................................................. 4
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F636000BDA8A8193FB1B9478" blockId="70.[162,1156,143,1699]" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
<keyLead id="2C432217F636000BDA8A8193FB1B9478" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
- Surface of elytra nearly smooth, with only minute or shallow, poorly-impressed punctures (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F636000BDB6881B0FE0E945B" box="[331,406,247,272]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[160,225,1485,1508]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-43@21.[163,1153,142,1454]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Dorsal view of the left elytron (a–c), anterior corner of the right elytron (d–e): (a) Bothynus laevipennis; (b) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (c) Bothynus thrix; (d) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n. (black arrow points to the absence of marginal epipleura); (e) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971573" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971573/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
(a)).
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F636000BDBE581B0FDAF945B" box="[454,567,247,272]" name="Argentina" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Argentina</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F636000BD86181B0FD16945B" box="[578,654,247,272]" name="Bolivia" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F636000BD8BB81B0FD4C945B" box="[664,724,247,272]" name="Brazil" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Brazil</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F636000BD92D81B0FCF5945B" box="[782,877,247,272]" name="Paraguay" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
................................................ ..............................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F636000BD91A805DFB1B9478" authority="Arrow" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1937" box="[825,1155,282,307]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="733" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevipennis">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F636000BD91A805DFB1B9478" bold="true" box="[825,1155,282,307]" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F636000BD91A805DFBAA9478" bold="true" box="[825,1074,282,307]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Bothynus laevipennis</emphasis>
Arrow
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="2C469987F636000BDA878010FB1C94B0" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
<paragraph id="970D8122F636000BDA878010FB1B94D8" blockId="70.[162,1156,143,1699]" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
<keyLead id="2C432217F636000BDA878010FB1B94D8" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
4. Outer mandibular teeth distinctly separated from each other by deep interval in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F636000BDB2E803DFED494D8" box="[269,332,378,403]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1331,1354]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-42@16.[163,1153,142,1300]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal view of clypeus and mandibular teeth (a–e), lateral view of clypeus and left mandible (f, g): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp.n.; (b, f) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus minor; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e, g) Bothynus fabius. at = apical tooth, mt = medial tooth, bt = basal tooth, mp4 = maxillary palpomere 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971563/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
(b, d, e))................................................................................................................................ 5
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F636000BDA8480DBFB1C94B0" blockId="70.[162,1156,143,1699]" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
<keyLead id="2C432217F636000BDA8480DBFB1C94B0" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
- Outer mandibular teeth nearly fused with each other, separated only by a shallow interval in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F636000BD81080F8FDE89493" box="[563,624,447,472]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1331,1354]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-42@16.[163,1153,142,1300]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal view of clypeus and mandibular teeth (a–e), lateral view of clypeus and left mandible (f, g): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp.n.; (b, f) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus minor; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e, g) Bothynus fabius. at = apical tooth, mt = medial tooth, bt = basal tooth, mp4 = maxillary palpomere 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971563/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
(c)).
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F636000BD8BC80F8FC969493" box="[671,782,447,472]" name="Argentina" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Argentina</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F636000BD96B80F8FC3F9493" box="[840,935,447,472]" name="Paraguay" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
...................................... ...................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F636000BD97A80A5FB1C94B0" authority="Steinheil" authorityName="Steinheil" authorityYear="1872" box="[857,1156,482,507]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="733" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F636000BD97A80A5FB1C94B0" bold="true" box="[857,1156,482,507]" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F636000BD97A80A5FB8A94B0" bold="true" box="[857,1042,482,507]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Bothynus minor</emphasis>
Steinheil
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="2C469987F636000BDA878358FB1B9736" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
<paragraph id="970D8122F636000BDA878358FB1B9710" blockId="70.[162,1156,143,1699]" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
<keyLead id="2C432217F636000BDA878358FB1B9710" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
5. Apical tooth of mandible acuminate or narrowly rounded at apex, in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F636000BDE6B8358FB1B9773" box="[1096,1155,543,568]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1331,1354]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-42@16.[163,1153,142,1300]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal view of clypeus and mandibular teeth (a–e), lateral view of clypeus and left mandible (f, g): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp.n.; (b, f) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus minor; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e, g) Bothynus fabius. at = apical tooth, mt = medial tooth, bt = basal tooth, mp4 = maxillary palpomere 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971563/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
(b, d))........................................................................................................................................................ 6
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F636000BDA8A8323FB1B9736" blockId="70.[162,1156,143,1699]" box="[169,1155,612,637]" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
<keyLead id="2C432217F636000BDA8A8323FB1B9736" box="[169,1155,612,637]" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
- Apical tooth of mandible diagonally truncated apex (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F636000BD93F8323FCFC9736" box="[796,868,612,637]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1331,1354]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-42@16.[163,1153,142,1300]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal view of clypeus and mandibular teeth (a–e), lateral view of clypeus and left mandible (f, g): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp.n.; (b, f) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus minor; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e, g) Bothynus fabius. at = apical tooth, mt = medial tooth, bt = basal tooth, mp4 = maxillary palpomere 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971563/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
(d))..................................... 10
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="2C469987F636000BDA8783E5FB1B9668" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
<paragraph id="970D8122F636000BDA8783E5FB1B9796" blockId="70.[162,1156,143,1699]" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
<keyLead id="2C432217F636000BDA8783E5FB1B9796" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
6. Medial tooth of mandible posteriorly produced or forming a right angle with the plane of mandibular orientation in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F636000BD8838383FD459796" box="[672,733,708,733]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1331,1354]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-42@16.[163,1153,142,1300]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal view of clypeus and mandibular teeth (a–e), lateral view of clypeus and left mandible (f, g): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp.n.; (b, f) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus minor; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e, g) Bothynus fabius. at = apical tooth, mt = medial tooth, bt = basal tooth, mp4 = maxillary palpomere 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971563/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
(f)).................................................................. 7
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F636000BDA8483A0FB1B9668" blockId="70.[162,1156,143,1699]" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
<keyLead id="2C432217F636000BDA8483A0FB1B9668" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
- Medial tooth of mandible anteriorly produced at an oblique angle to the plane of mandibular orientation in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F636000BD85C824DFD249668" box="[639,700,778,803]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1331,1354]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-42@16.[163,1153,142,1300]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal view of clypeus and mandibular teeth (a–e), lateral view of clypeus and left mandible (f, g): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp.n.; (b, f) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus minor; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e, g) Bothynus fabius. at = apical tooth, mt = medial tooth, bt = basal tooth, mp4 = maxillary palpomere 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971563/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
(g)) ...................................................................... 8
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="2C469987F636000BDA878200FB1C9146" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
<paragraph id="970D8122F636000BDA878200FB1B96EE" blockId="70.[162,1156,143,1699]" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
<keyLead id="2C432217F636000BDA878200FB1B96EE" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
7. Protarsomere 5 of male abruptly expanding toward apex (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F636000BD9588200FC5F962B" box="[891,967,839,864]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971575/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
(b)); tergite 8 of female covered by strong rugopunctures on disc (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F636000BD932822DFCC796C8" box="[785,863,874,899]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="38.[160,225,1349,1372]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1314]" captionTargetId="figure-77@38.[163,1153,142,1317]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 20. Detail of the discal region on tergite 8 of the females (a–e): (a) Bothynus cyclops; (b) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (c) Bothynus laticifex; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971595/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
(a)).
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F636000BD9B3822DFB9996C8" box="[912,1025,874,899]" name="Argentina" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Argentina</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F636000BDE2D822DFBD596C8" box="[1038,1101,874,899]" name="Brazil" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F636000BDAEC82CBFEAF96EE" box="[207,311,908,933]" name="Paraguay" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
....................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F636000BD93D82CBFB1B96EE" authority="(Burmeister)" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[798,1155,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="733" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyclops">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F636000BD93D82CBFB1B96EE" bold="true" box="[798,1155,908,933]" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F636000BD93D82CBFC7096EE" bold="true" box="[798,1000,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Bothynus cyclops</emphasis>
(Burmeister)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F636000BDA8682E8FB1C9146" blockId="70.[162,1156,143,1699]" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
<keyLead id="2C432217F636000BDA8682E8FB1C9146" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
- Protarsomere 5 of male gradually expanding toward apex (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F636000BD9A182E8FC4A9683" box="[898,978,943,968]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971575/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
(i)); tergite 8 of female with fine punctures on disc (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F636000BD8558295FD5196A0" box="[630,713,978,1003]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="38.[160,225,1349,1372]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1314]" captionTargetId="figure-77@38.[163,1153,142,1317]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 20. Detail of the discal region on tergite 8 of the females (a–e): (a) Bothynus cyclops; (b) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (c) Bothynus laticifex; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971595/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
(b)).
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F636000BD8DE8295FCE996A0" box="[765,881,978,1003]" name="Argentina" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Argentina</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F636000BD95D8295FC2396A0" box="[894,955,978,1003]" name="Brazil" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Brazil</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F636000BD9DF8295FBFE96A0" box="[1020,1126,978,1003]" name="Paraguay" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
..... ......................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F636000BD95D82B3FBAD9146" authorityName="Duarte &amp; Dupuis &amp; Grossi" authorityYear="2025" box="[894,1077,1012,1037]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="733" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gisae" status="sp. nov.">Bothynus gisae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BEF5E04BF636000BDE6382B3FB1C9146" box="[1088,1156,1012,1037]" pageId="70" pageNumber="733" rank="species">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F636000BDE6382B3FBE69146" bold="true" box="[1088,1150,1012,1037]" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">sp. n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="2C469987F636000BDA878575FB1B919E" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
<paragraph id="970D8122F636000BDA878575FB1B9126" blockId="70.[162,1156,143,1699]" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
<keyLead id="2C432217F636000BDA878575FB1B9126" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
8. Outer apex of metatarsomere 1 lacking angular projection (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F636000BD9478575FC379100" box="[868,943,1074,1099]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="32.[160,225,1164,1187]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,145,1129]" captionTargetId="figure-113@32.[163,1153,142,1133]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 18. Ventral view of the meso- and metafemurs (a–c), metatibia and associated tarsi (d, e): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cribrarius; (c) Bothynus cylindricus; (d) Bothynus deiphobus (black arrow points to the elongated outer apex of the first tarsomere); (e) Bothynus fabius. msf = mesofemur, mtf = metafemur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971591/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
(e)); sides of tergite 8 with distinct cavity in female (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F636000BD8108513FD189126" box="[563,640,1108,1133]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="38.[160,225,1349,1372]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1314]" captionTargetId="figure-77@38.[163,1153,142,1317]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 20. Detail of the discal region on tergite 8 of the females (a–e): (a) Bothynus cyclops; (b) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (c) Bothynus laticifex; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971595/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
(d)).................................................................................. 9
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F636000BDA858530FB1B919E" blockId="70.[162,1156,143,1699]" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
<keyLead id="2C432217F636000BDA858530FB1B919E" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
- Outer apex of metatarsomere 1 with long angular projection (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F636000BD9868530FC6E91DB" box="[933,1014,1143,1168]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="32.[160,225,1164,1187]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,145,1129]" captionTargetId="figure-113@32.[163,1153,142,1133]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 18. Ventral view of the meso- and metafemurs (a–c), metatibia and associated tarsi (d, e): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cribrarius; (c) Bothynus cylindricus; (d) Bothynus deiphobus (black arrow points to the elongated outer apex of the first tarsomere); (e) Bothynus fabius. msf = mesofemur, mtf = metafemur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971591/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
(d)); sides of tergite 8 flattened in female, lacking distinct cavity (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F636000BD93F85DDFCF091F8" box="[796,872,1178,1203]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971593/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
(c)).
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F636000BD9B485DDFB9091F8" box="[919,1032,1178,1203]" name="Argentina" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Argentina</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F636000BDE3785DDFBC891F8" box="[1044,1104,1178,1203]" name="Brazil" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Brazil</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F636000BDAE885FBFEAD919E" box="[203,309,1212,1237]" name="Paraguay" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
. ..............................................................................
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F636000BD8DA85FBFB1B919E" authority="(Burmeister)" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[761,1155,1212,1237]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="733" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deiphobus">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F636000BD8DA85FBFB1B919E" bold="true" box="[761,1155,1212,1237]" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F636000BD8DA85FBFC7F919E" bold="true" box="[761,999,1212,1237]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Bothynus deiphobus</emphasis>
(Burmeister)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="2C469987F636000BDA8785BDFB1C90D6" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
<paragraph id="970D8122F636000BDA8785BDFB1B9013" blockId="70.[162,1156,143,1699]" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
<keyLead id="2C432217F636000BDA8785BDFB1B9013" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
9. Clypeus glabrous or bearing a few small setae in both sexes (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F636000BD9A985BDFC509058" box="[906,968,1274,1299]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1331,1354]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-42@16.[163,1153,142,1300]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal view of clypeus and mandibular teeth (a–e), lateral view of clypeus and left mandible (f, g): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp.n.; (b, f) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus minor; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e, g) Bothynus fabius. at = apical tooth, mt = medial tooth, bt = basal tooth, mp4 = maxillary palpomere 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971563/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
(e)); sternite 8 of female with glabrous disc (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F636000BDBD5845BFDD8907E" box="[502,576,1308,1333]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="39.[160,225,1072,1095]" captionTargetBox="[166,1151,148,1039]" captionTargetId="figure-196@39.[163,1153,142,1041]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 21. Sternites 4–8 of females (a–d): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (b) Bothynus cylindricus; (c) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (d) Bothynus fabius. st = sternite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971597" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971597/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
(d)).
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F636000BD853845BFD79907E" box="[624,737,1308,1333]" name="Argentina" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Argentina</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F636000BD8C9845BFCAE907E" box="[746,822,1308,1333]" name="Bolivia" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F636000BD91C845BFCE6907E" box="[831,894,1308,1333]" name="Brazil" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F636000BD9A5845BFC76907E" box="[902,1006,1308,1333]" name="Paraguay" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F636000BDE00845BFB1B907E" box="[1059,1155,1308,1333]" name="Uruguay" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
...............................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F636000BD91E8478FB1B9013" authority="(Fairmaire)" baseAuthorityName="Fairmaire" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[829,1155,1343,1368]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="733" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabius">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F636000BD91E8478FB1B9013" bold="true" box="[829,1155,1343,1368]" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F636000BD91E8478FC619013" bold="true" box="[829,1017,1343,1368]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Bothynus fabius</emphasis>
(Fairmaire)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F636000BDA818425FB1C90D6" blockId="70.[162,1156,143,1699]" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
<keyLead id="2C432217F636000BDA818425FB1C90D6" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
- Clypeus bearing moderately dense yellowish setae (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F636000BD9268425FCD99030" box="[773,833,1378,1403]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1331,1354]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-42@16.[163,1153,142,1300]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal view of clypeus and mandibular teeth (a–e), lateral view of clypeus and left mandible (f, g): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp.n.; (b, f) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus minor; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e, g) Bothynus fabius. at = apical tooth, mt = medial tooth, bt = basal tooth, mp4 = maxillary palpomere 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971563/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
(a)); sternite 8 of female with setose disc (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F636000BDB6B84C3FE0B90D6" box="[328,403,1412,1437]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="39.[160,225,1072,1095]" captionTargetBox="[166,1151,148,1039]" captionTargetId="figure-196@39.[163,1153,142,1041]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 21. Sternites 4–8 of females (a–d): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (b) Bothynus cylindricus; (c) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (d) Bothynus fabius. st = sternite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971597" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971597/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
(a)). Male unknown.
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F636000BD85B84C3FD7990D6" box="[632,737,1412,1437]" name="Argentina" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Argentina</collectingCountry>
............ ............
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F636000BD95D84C3FBA590D6" authorityName="Duarte &amp; Dupuis &amp; Grossi" authorityYear="2025" box="[894,1085,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="733" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bentoi" status="sp. nov.">Bothynus bentoi</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BEF5E04BF636000BDE6784C3FB1C90D6" box="[1092,1156,1412,1437]" pageId="70" pageNumber="733" rank="species">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F636000BDE6784C3FBE690D6" bold="true" box="[1092,1150,1412,1437]" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">sp. n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="2C469987F636000BDA878485FB1B90B6" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
<paragraph id="970D8122F636000BDA878485FB1B9090" blockId="70.[162,1156,143,1699]" box="[164,1155,1474,1499]" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
<keyLead id="2C432217F636000BDA878485FB1B9090" box="[164,1155,1474,1499]" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
10. Teeth of anterior clypeal margin each bearing a longitudinal carina (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F636000BD9F88485FB829090" box="[987,1050,1474,1499]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="17.[160,225,1164,1187]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,152,1129]" captionTargetId="figure-91@17.[163,1153,142,1132]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 6. Dorsal view of clypeus (a, c, e), detail of the anterior teeth of clypeus (b, d, f): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus Moroni sp. n; (e, f) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n. Red arrows point to presence of longitudinal carina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971565/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
(d, f)). 11
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F636000BDA8C84A3FB1B90B6" blockId="70.[162,1156,143,1699]" box="[175,1155,1508,1533]" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
<keyLead id="2C432217F636000BDA8C84A3FB1B90B6" box="[175,1155,1508,1533]" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
- Teeth of anterior clypeal margin lacking longitudinal carinae (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F636000BD9B284A3FC5690B6" box="[913,974,1508,1533]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="17.[160,225,1164,1187]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,152,1129]" captionTargetId="figure-91@17.[163,1153,142,1132]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 6. Dorsal view of clypeus (a, c, e), detail of the anterior teeth of clypeus (b, d, f): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus Moroni sp. n; (e, f) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n. Red arrows point to presence of longitudinal carina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971565/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
(b)).................. 12
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="2C469987F636000BDA878765FB1C93E8" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
<paragraph id="970D8122F636000BDA878765FB1C9316" blockId="70.[162,1156,143,1699]" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
<keyLead id="2C432217F636000BDA878765FB1C9316" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
11. Inner protarsal claw lacking incision; Pronotum with a broad and distinctly deep cavity (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F636000BDB0C8703FEE39316" box="[303,379,1604,1629]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="31.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[166,1147,145,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-3@31.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 17. Laterodorsal view of female pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, e, g, I, k): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus laticifex; (e, f) Bothynus moroni sp. n.; (g, h) Bothynus nyx (arrow points to the posterior tubercle on pronotal cavity); (i, j) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (k, l) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971589/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
(e)). Male unknown.
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F636000BD87C8703FD0E9316" box="[607,662,1604,1629]" name="Brazil" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.................. ..................
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F636000BD9578703FBA59316" authorityName="Duarte &amp; Dupuis &amp; Grossi" authorityYear="2025" box="[884,1085,1604,1629]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="733" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moroni" status="sp. nov.">Bothynus moroni</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BEF5E04BF636000BDE678703FB1C9316" box="[1092,1156,1604,1629]" pageId="70" pageNumber="733" rank="species">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F636000BDE678703FBE69316" bold="true" box="[1092,1150,1604,1629]" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">sp. n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F636000BDA8C8720FB1C93E8" blockId="70.[162,1156,143,1699]" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
<keyLead id="2C432217F636000BDA8C8720FB1C93E8" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">
- Inner protarsal claw of male incised (such in the
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F636000BD8CD8720FCAC93CB" box="[750,820,1639,1664]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971575/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
(a)); pronotal cavity shallow in female (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F636000BDB1987CDFE1893E8" box="[314,384,1674,1699]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="31.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[166,1147,145,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-3@31.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 17. Laterodorsal view of female pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, e, g, I, k): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus laticifex; (e, f) Bothynus moroni sp. n.; (g, h) Bothynus nyx (arrow points to the posterior tubercle on pronotal cavity); (i, j) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (k, l) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971589/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
(k))............................. .............................
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F636000BD8D887CDFBA493E8" authorityName="Duarte &amp; Dupuis &amp; Grossi" authorityYear="2025" box="[763,1084,1674,1699]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="733" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutellopunctatus" status="sp. nov.">Bothynus scutellopunctatus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BEF5E04BF636000BDE6787CDFB1C93E8" box="[1092,1156,1674,1699]" pageId="70" pageNumber="733" rank="species">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F636000BDE6787CDFBE693E8" bold="true" box="[1092,1150,1674,1699]" pageId="70" pageNumber="733">sp. n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="2C469987F637000ADA8781C8FB1B9433" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">
<paragraph id="970D8122F637000ADA8781C8FB1B9478" blockId="71.[164,1156,143,1680]" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">
<keyLead id="2C432217F637000ADA8781C8FB1B9478" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">
12. Pronotal cavity rounded in shaped in both sexes, usually small, shallow and confined to the anterior region (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F637000AD8AA81F5FD4C9580" box="[649,724,178,203]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="19.[160,225,878,901]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,844]" captionTargetId="figure-246@19.[163,1153,142,847]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 8. Dorsal view of male pronotum: (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cylindricus; (c) Bothynus nyx; (d) Bothynus robustus sp. n. pc = pronotal cavity." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971569" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971569/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
(b)), if broad and deep, then not transversely produced (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F637000ADB4781B0FE32945B" box="[356,426,247,272]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="19.[160,225,878,901]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,844]" captionTargetId="figure-246@19.[163,1153,142,847]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 8. Dorsal view of male pronotum: (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cylindricus; (c) Bothynus nyx; (d) Bothynus robustus sp. n. pc = pronotal cavity." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971569" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971569/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
(a)); usually small to medium sized species, rarely attaining 30.0 mm in length.............................................................................................................. 13
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F637000ADA8C807BFB1B9433" blockId="71.[164,1156,143,1680]" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">
<keyLead id="2C432217F637000ADA8C807BFB1B9433" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">
- Pronotal cavity oval in shape in both sexes, deep, broad and transverse (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F637000ADE20807BFBD9941E" box="[1027,1089,316,341]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="19.[160,225,878,901]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,844]" captionTargetId="figure-246@19.[163,1153,142,847]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 8. Dorsal view of male pronotum: (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cylindricus; (c) Bothynus nyx; (d) Bothynus robustus sp. n. pc = pronotal cavity." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971569" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971569/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
(c, d)); larger species, from
<quantity id="504A2CC7F637000ADBE18018FDE19433" box="[450,633,351,376]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" metricValueMax="3.45" metricValueMin="3.15" pageId="71" pageNumber="734" unit="mm" value="33.0" valueMax="34.5" valueMin="31.5">31.5 to 34.5 mm</quantity>
in length................................................................... 19
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<paragraph id="970D8122F637000ADA8780DBFB1B970B" blockId="71.[164,1156,143,1680]" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">
<keyLead id="2C432217F637000ADA8780DBFB1B970B" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">
<keyStep id="2C469987F637000ADA8780DBFB1B970B" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">
13. Dorsal surface distinctly shining, not opaque; ventral surface of the metafemur with glabrous disc in both sexes (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F637000AD80380F8FDF49493" box="[544,620,447,472]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="32.[160,225,1164,1187]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,145,1129]" captionTargetId="figure-113@32.[163,1153,142,1133]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 18. Ventral view of the meso- and metafemurs (a–c), metatibia and associated tarsi (d, e): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cribrarius; (c) Bothynus cylindricus; (d) Bothynus deiphobus (black arrow points to the elongated outer apex of the first tarsomere); (e) Bothynus fabius. msf = mesofemur, mtf = metafemur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971591/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
(a, c)).............................................................................. 14. Dorsal surface with opaque aspect, not distinctly shining in both sexes; ventral surface of the metafemur entirely covered by setae in both sexes (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F637000AD9E98343FB8F9756" box="[970,1047,516,541]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="32.[160,225,1164,1187]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,145,1129]" captionTargetId="figure-113@32.[163,1153,142,1133]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 18. Ventral view of the meso- and metafemurs (a–c), metatibia and associated tarsi (d, e): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cribrarius; (c) Bothynus cylindricus; (d) Bothynus deiphobus (black arrow points to the elongated outer apex of the first tarsomere); (e) Bothynus fabius. msf = mesofemur, mtf = metafemur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971591/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
(b)).
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F637000ADE648343FB1B9756" box="[1095,1155,516,541]" name="Brazil" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">Brazil</collectingCountry>
....................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F637000AD9368360FB1B970B" authority="(Fairmaire)" authorityName="Duarte and Grossi" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="Fairmaire" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[789,1155,551,576]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="734" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cribrarius">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F637000AD9368360FB1B970B" bold="true" box="[789,1155,551,576]" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F637000AD9368360FC61970B" bold="true" box="[789,1017,551,576]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">Bothynus cribrarius</emphasis>
(Fairmaire)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<keyStep id="2C469987F637000ADA878323FB1C9660" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">
<paragraph id="970D8122F637000ADA878323FB1B9788" blockId="71.[164,1156,143,1680]" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">
<keyLead id="2C432217F637000ADA878323FB1B9788" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">
14. Dorsal surface of body with reddish brown or dark reddish color; interocular width about 3.8–4.5X transverse diameter of eye; maxilla bearing three teeth (subequal or not) arranged on the apex of galea (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F637000AD85B83EDFD209788" box="[632,696,682,707]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[160,225,1537,1560]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,147,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-25@18.[163,1153,142,1506]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Ventral view of left maxilla: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (d) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. gl = galea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971567/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
(b, d))................................................................ 15
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F637000ADA8C838BFB1C9660" blockId="71.[164,1156,143,1680]" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">
<keyLead id="2C432217F637000ADA8C838BFB1C9660" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">
- Dorsal surface of body with dark color (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F637000AD8B3838BFD4397AE" box="[656,731,716,741]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1523,1546]" captionTargetBox="[165,1149,145,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1491]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Male dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971559" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971559/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
(l), 16(b)); interocular width about 5.3– 5.4X transverse eye diameter; maxilla bearing five asymmetric teeth arranged on the apex of galea (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F637000ADBA68255FE5A9660" box="[389,450,786,811]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[160,225,1537,1560]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,147,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-25@18.[163,1153,142,1506]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Ventral view of left maxilla: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (d) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. gl = galea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971567/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
(c)).
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F637000ADBD18255FDF99660" box="[498,609,786,811]" name="Argentina" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">Argentina</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F637000AD8B98255FC989660" box="[666,768,786,811]" name="Paraguay" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
....... .......
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F637000AD9478255FBA49660" authorityName="Duarte &amp; Dupuis &amp; Grossi" authorityYear="2025" box="[868,1084,786,811]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="734" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ovalatus" status="sp. nov.">Bothynus ovalatus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BEF5E04BF637000ADE678255FB1C9660" box="[1092,1156,786,811]" pageId="71" pageNumber="734" rank="species">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F637000ADE678255FBE69660" bold="true" box="[1092,1150,786,811]" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">sp. n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="2C469987F637000ADA878208FB1B9173" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">
<paragraph id="970D8122F637000ADA878208FB1B969B" blockId="71.[164,1156,143,1680]" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">
<keyLead id="2C432217F637000ADA878208FB1B969B" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">
15. Punctures on the posterior sides of male pronotum small to large in size, either contiguous or separated by three puncture diameters (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F637000AD9638235FCE596C0" box="[832,893,882,907]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1524,1547]" captionTargetBox="[167,1149,143,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-3@20.[163,1153,142,1492]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Laterodorsal view of male pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, f, h, j, l): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus (black arrow points to posterior marginal rugosity); (e, f) Bothynus laevipennis; (g, h) Bothynus laticifex; (i, j) Bothynus nyx; (k, l) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971571/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
(c, d, g, k, l)); tergite 8 of female glabrous (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F637000ADB8182D3FE7396E6" box="[418,491,916,941]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="38.[160,225,1349,1372]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1314]" captionTargetId="figure-77@38.[163,1153,142,1317]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 20. Detail of the discal region on tergite 8 of the females (a–e): (a) Bothynus cyclops; (b) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (c) Bothynus laticifex; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971595/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
(i, l)) or if setose, pronotum with conical tubercle and deep concavity (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F637000ADB7B82F0FE3D969B" box="[344,421,951,976]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="31.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[166,1147,145,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-3@31.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 17. Laterodorsal view of female pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, e, g, I, k): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus laticifex; (e, f) Bothynus moroni sp. n.; (g, h) Bothynus nyx (arrow points to the posterior tubercle on pronotal cavity); (i, j) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (k, l) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971589/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
(i))........................................................................................................................ 16
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F637000ADA8C829DFB1B9173" blockId="71.[164,1156,143,1680]" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">
<keyLead id="2C432217F637000ADA8C829DFB1B9173" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">
- Punctures on the posterior sides of male pronotum minute (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F637000AD9B7829DFC4C96B8" box="[916,980,986,1011]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1524,1547]" captionTargetBox="[167,1149,143,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-3@20.[163,1153,142,1492]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Laterodorsal view of male pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, f, h, j, l): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus (black arrow points to posterior marginal rugosity); (e, f) Bothynus laevipennis; (g, h) Bothynus laticifex; (i, j) Bothynus nyx; (k, l) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971571/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
(a, b)); pronotal concavity of female shallow (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F637000AD80582BBFDE9915E" box="[550,625,1020,1045]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="31.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[166,1147,145,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-3@31.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 17. Laterodorsal view of female pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, e, g, I, k): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus laticifex; (e, f) Bothynus moroni sp. n.; (g, h) Bothynus nyx (arrow points to the posterior tubercle on pronotal cavity); (i, j) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (k, l) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971589/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
(a)); tergite 8 densely setose (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F637000AD99F82BBFB9B915E" box="[956,1027,1020,1045]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971593/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
(e))................ ...............................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F637000AD9718558FB1B9173" authority="(Kirby)" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1819" box="[850,1155,1055,1080]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="734" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ascanius">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F637000AD9718558FB1B9173" bold="true" box="[850,1155,1055,1080]" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F637000AD9718558FBB39173" bold="true" box="[850,1067,1055,1080]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">Bothynus ascanius</emphasis>
(Kirby)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="2C469987F637000ADA87851BFB1C904B" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">
<paragraph id="970D8122F637000ADA87851BFB1B91D3" blockId="71.[164,1156,143,1680]" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">
<keyLead id="2C432217F637000ADA87851BFB1B91D3" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">
16. Male pronotum with a small and gibbose anterior tubercle (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F637000AD95B851BFC2E913E" box="[888,950,1116,1141]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1524,1547]" captionTargetBox="[167,1149,143,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-3@20.[163,1153,142,1492]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Laterodorsal view of male pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, f, h, j, l): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus (black arrow points to posterior marginal rugosity); (e, f) Bothynus laevipennis; (g, h) Bothynus laticifex; (i, j) Bothynus nyx; (k, l) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971571/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
(c, g)); female with sternites 4–8 glabrous or weakly setose on discal region (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F637000AD9478538FC3691D3" box="[868,942,1151,1176]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="39.[160,225,1072,1095]" captionTargetBox="[166,1151,148,1039]" captionTargetId="figure-196@39.[163,1153,142,1041]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 21. Sternites 4–8 of females (a–d): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (b) Bothynus cylindricus; (c) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (d) Bothynus fabius. st = sternite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971597" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971597/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
(b)) ....................... 17
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F637000ADA8C85E5FB1C904B" blockId="71.[164,1156,143,1680]" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">
<keyLead id="2C432217F637000ADA8C85E5FB1C904B" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">
- Tubercle of male pronotum conical and acuminate at apex (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F637000AD9AE85E5FC5391F0" box="[909,971,1186,1211]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1524,1547]" captionTargetBox="[167,1149,143,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-3@20.[163,1153,142,1492]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Laterodorsal view of male pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, f, h, j, l): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus (black arrow points to posterior marginal rugosity); (e, f) Bothynus laevipennis; (g, h) Bothynus laticifex; (i, j) Bothynus nyx; (k, l) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971571/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
(k)); female with sternites 4–8 having dense setae on discal region (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F637000AD93A8583FCFC9196" box="[793,868,1220,1245]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="39.[160,225,1072,1095]" captionTargetBox="[166,1151,148,1039]" captionTargetId="figure-196@39.[163,1153,142,1041]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 21. Sternites 4–8 of females (a–d): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (b) Bothynus cylindricus; (c) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (d) Bothynus fabius. st = sternite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971597" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971597/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
(c)).
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F637000AD9B78583FC619196" box="[916,1017,1220,1245]" name="Argentina" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">Argentina</collectingCountry>
....................... ................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F637000AD97785A0FBA4904B" authorityName="Duarte &amp; Dupuis &amp; Grossi" authorityYear="2025" box="[852,1084,1255,1280]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="734" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipennis" status="sp. nov.">Bothynus rufipennis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BEF5E04BF637000ADE6785A0FB1C904B" box="[1092,1156,1255,1280]" pageId="71" pageNumber="734" rank="species">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F637000ADE6785A0FBE6904B" bold="true" box="[1092,1150,1255,1280]" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">sp. n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<paragraph id="970D8122F637000ADA878463FB1B90EE" blockId="71.[164,1156,143,1680]" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">
<keyLead id="2C432217F637000ADA878463FB1B90EE" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">
<keyStep id="2C469987F637000ADA878463FB1B90EE" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">
17. Pronotal cavity with posterior margin complete or with an indistinct interruption in both sexes (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F637000ADB448400FE3C902B" box="[359,420,1351,1376]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1524,1547]" captionTargetBox="[167,1149,143,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-3@20.[163,1153,142,1492]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Laterodorsal view of male pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, f, h, j, l): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus (black arrow points to posterior marginal rugosity); (e, f) Bothynus laevipennis; (g, h) Bothynus laticifex; (i, j) Bothynus nyx; (k, l) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971571/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
(g))...................................................................................................................... 18. Pronotal cavity with posterior margin distinctly interrupted at middle in both sexes (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F637000ADAC584CBFEBB90EE" box="[230,291,1420,1445]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1524,1547]" captionTargetBox="[167,1149,143,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-3@20.[163,1153,142,1492]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Laterodorsal view of male pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, f, h, j, l): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus (black arrow points to posterior marginal rugosity); (e, f) Bothynus laevipennis; (g, h) Bothynus laticifex; (i, j) Bothynus nyx; (k, l) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971571/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
(c)).
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F637000ADB7084CBFE5C90EE" box="[339,452,1420,1445]" name="Argentina" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">Argentina</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F637000ADBED84CBFD9290EE" box="[462,522,1420,1445]" name="Brazil" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">Brazil</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F637000AD86784CBFD3090EE" box="[580,680,1420,1445]" name="Paraguay" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
............ ............
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F637000AD96184CBFB1B90EE" authority="Arrow" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1937" box="[834,1155,1420,1445]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="734" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cylindricus">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F637000AD96184CBFB1B90EE" bold="true" box="[834,1155,1420,1445]" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F637000AD96184CBFBAA90EE" bold="true" box="[834,1074,1420,1445]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">Bothynus cylindricus</emphasis>
Arrow
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F637000ADA87848DFB1C93DB" blockId="71.[164,1156,143,1680]" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">
<keyLead id="2C432217F637000ADA87848DFB1C93DB" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">
<keyStep id="2C469987F637000ADA87848DFB1C93DB" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">
18. Inner protarsal claw of male with outer branch clearly shorter than inner one (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F637000ADE19848DFB1B90A8" box="[1082,1155,1482,1507]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971575/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
(e, f)); tergite 8 of female with discal area covered by shallow and transverse punctures (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F637000ADB7D8748FE349363" box="[350,428,1551,1576]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="38.[160,225,1349,1372]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1314]" captionTargetId="figure-77@38.[163,1153,142,1317]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 20. Detail of the discal region on tergite 8 of the females (a–e): (a) Bothynus cyclops; (b) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (c) Bothynus laticifex; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971595/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
(c)).
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F637000ADBFA8748FDD09363" box="[473,584,1551,1576]" name="Argentina" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">Argentina</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F637000AD8A28748FD239363" box="[641,699,1551,1576]" name="Brazil" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">Brazil</collectingCountry>
........ ........
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F637000AD9048748FE859300" authority="Burmeister Inner" authorityName="Burmeister Inner" authorityYear="1847" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="734" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticifex">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F637000AD9048748FB1B9363" bold="true" box="[807,1155,1551,1576]" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F637000AD9048748FC609363" bold="true" box="[807,1016,1551,1576]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">Bothynus laticifex</emphasis>
Burmeister
</emphasis>
Inner
</taxonomicName>
protarsal claw of male with outer branch subequal in length to inner one (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F637000ADE1F8775FB1B9300" box="[1084,1155,1586,1611]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971575/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
(k)); tergite 8 of female with densely rugopunctate discal region (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F637000AD9848713FC699326" box="[935,1009,1620,1645]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="38.[160,225,1349,1372]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1314]" captionTargetId="figure-77@38.[163,1153,142,1317]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 20. Detail of the discal region on tergite 8 of the females (a–e): (a) Bothynus cyclops; (b) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (c) Bothynus laticifex; (d) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (e) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971595/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
(e)).
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F637000ADE3E8713FB1B9326" box="[1053,1155,1620,1645]" name="Paraguay" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
..........................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F637000AD9518730FBA693DB" authorityName="Duarte &amp; Dupuis &amp; Grossi" authorityYear="2025" box="[882,1086,1655,1680]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="734" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapukai" status="sp. nov.">Bothynus sapukai</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BEF5E04BF637000ADE668730FB1C93DB" box="[1093,1156,1655,1680]" pageId="71" pageNumber="734" rank="species">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F637000ADE668730FBE693DB" bold="true" box="[1093,1150,1655,1680]" pageId="71" pageNumber="734">sp. n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<keyStep id="2C469987F6380005DA8781C8FB1B9478" pageId="72" pageNumber="735">
<paragraph id="970D8122F6380005DA8781C8FB1C9580" blockId="72.[164,1156,143,307]" pageId="72" pageNumber="735">
<keyLead id="2C432217F6380005DA8781C8FB1C9580" pageId="72" pageNumber="735">
19. Protasomere 5 of male with a ventroapical process (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6380005D90781C8FCF695E3" box="[804,878,143,168]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971575/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="735">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
(j)). Female unknown....... ..................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F6380005D94081F5FBA59580" authorityName="Duarte &amp; Dupuis &amp; Grossi" authorityYear="2025" box="[867,1085,178,203]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="735" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus" status="sp. nov.">Bothynus robustus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BEF5E04BF6380005DE6781F5FB1C9580" box="[1092,1156,178,203]" pageId="72" pageNumber="735" rank="species">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6380005DE6781F5FBE69580" bold="true" box="[1092,1150,178,203]" pageId="72" pageNumber="735">sp. n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F6380005DA8A8193FB1B9478" blockId="72.[164,1156,143,307]" pageId="72" pageNumber="735">
<keyLead id="2C432217F6380005DA8A8193FB1B9478" pageId="72" pageNumber="735">
- Protarsomere 5 of male without ventroapical process (such as in the
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6380005D99C8193FB9F95A6" box="[959,1031,212,237]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971575/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="735">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
(h)); female with a transverse tubercle on posterior margin of pronotal cavity (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6380005D99D81B0FB93945B" box="[958,1035,247,272]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="31.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[166,1147,145,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-3@31.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 17. Laterodorsal view of female pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, e, g, I, k): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus laticifex; (e, f) Bothynus moroni sp. n.; (g, h) Bothynus nyx (arrow points to the posterior tubercle on pronotal cavity); (i, j) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (k, l) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971589/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="735">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
(g)).
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F6380005DE1981B0FB1C945B" box="[1082,1156,247,272]" name="Bolivia" pageId="72" pageNumber="735">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
.......................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F6380005D95F805DFB1B9478" authority="Ratcliffe" authorityName="Ratcliffe" authorityYear="2010" box="[892,1155,282,307]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="735" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nyx">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6380005D95F805DFB1B9478" bold="true" box="[892,1155,282,307]" pageId="72" pageNumber="735">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6380005D95F805DFB829478" bold="true" box="[892,1050,282,307]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="735">Bothynus nyx</emphasis>
Ratcliffe
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

147
data/1F/1B/30/1F1B3034F6490077DB6E81C9FE7294F6.xml → data/1F/1B/30/1F1B3034F6490077DB6E81C9FCAD96A9.xml
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<document id="4F0D5D8AE51B5629EE8FE85CD6C0450D" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2025.2456579" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14971553" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1741162724802" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Duarte, Paulo R. M., Dupuis, Fabien &amp; Grossi, Paschoal C." docDate="2025" docId="1F1B3034F6490077DB6E81C9FE7294F6" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.59.9-12.663-737.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 59 (9 - 12)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62.3:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Bothynus robustus Duarte, Dupuis and Grossi 2025, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="720" masterDocId="E322484CF670004DDA238147FF98954B" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the Bothynus ascanius (Kirby, 1819) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastinae) species group" masterLastPageNumber="737" masterPageNumber="663" pageNumber="720" updateTime="1741269775456" updateUser="valdenar" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="5A101D66B6145E6A6074F81BEDC9B922">Taxonomic revision of the Bothynus ascanius (Kirby, 1819) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastinae) species group</mods:title>
<document id="0C160D7176965D2A000BBECF52FADEB7" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2025.2456579" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14971553" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1741162724802" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Duarte, Paulo R. M., Dupuis, Fabien &amp; Grossi, Paschoal C." docDate="2025" docId="1F1B3034F6490077DB6E81C9FCAD96A9" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.59.9-12.663-737.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 59 (9 - 12)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62.3:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Bothynus robustus Duarte, Dupuis and Grossi 2025, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="721" masterDocId="E322484CF670004DDA238147FF98954B" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the Bothynus ascanius (Kirby, 1819) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastinae) species group" masterLastPageNumber="737" masterPageNumber="663" pageNumber="720" updateTime="1741276175971" updateUser="valdenar" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="BACE1A28BD3915F2567C90B4433E7C9B">Taxonomic revision of the Bothynus ascanius (Kirby, 1819) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastinae) species group</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="95B48526E14144C34A64E569F8407AEA">Duarte, Paulo R. M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4B48ECC754A24F6622ADD2C94F0FDA43">Laboratório de Scarabaeoidologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4AFC1F1323E2A84DFA5B90C0FC593210">Dupuis, Fabien</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4115E4DDCC3EBD7E33B9D40447297A21">Laboratoire d’Entomologie, National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France;</mods:affiliation>
<mods:namePart id="84D78192B3AA5CF58CF5ACC90200F366">Dupuis, Fabien</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6903495B7969BF3F1831367A8415A2E1">Grossi, Paschoal C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D0755DEE19789A67389F3223EC94B5D0">Departamento de Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
<mods:namePart id="63780BC16CC96A38F178CAE69CB6BE27">Grossi, Paschoal C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="7D06E3D4F44AAA83A061C55F5B3906E4">Departamento de Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="D20E0619025B5DF969C5670CE28ADD4C">2025</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3EAA7352C4B9FA007DCCA5BB7E24C929">59</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="33BDE22B32864768726B3E12F325717C">9 - 12</mods:number>
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<treatment id="1F1B3034F6490077DB6E81C9FE7294F6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F1B3034F6490077DB6E81C9FE7294F6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1F1B3034F6490077DB6E81C9FE7294F6" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="720" pageId="57" pageNumber="720">
<treatment id="1F1B3034F6490077DB6E81C9FCAD96A9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F1B3034F6490077DB6E81C9FCAD96A9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1F1B3034F6490077DB6E81C9FCAD96A9" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="721" pageId="57" pageNumber="720">
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<paragraph id="970D8122F6490074DB6E81C9FC4F95E2" blockId="57.[333,983,142,169]" box="[333,983,142,169]" pageId="57" pageNumber="720">
<heading id="CC45364EF6490074DB6E81C9FC4F95E2" box="[333,983,142,169]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="57" pageNumber="720" reason="5">
@ -116,14 +116,12 @@ instead bears the inner protarsal claw without incision, provided only with a ve
(k)).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="970D8122F6490074DA83839EFE9397B8" blockId="57.[160,1156,729,824]" box="[160,267,729,755]" pageId="57" pageNumber="720">
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<paragraph id="970D8122F6490074DA83839EFE0A9673" blockId="57.[160,1156,729,824]" pageId="57" pageNumber="720">
<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF6490074DA83839EFE0A9673" collectingDate="2011-12-31" collectionCode="CERPE" collectorName="J. Esteves" country="Brazil" county="Male" location="Vao Grande" municipality="Barra do Bugres" pageId="57" pageNumber="720" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6490074DA83839EFE9397B8" bold="true" box="[160,267,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="720">
<typeStatus id="48093F80F6490074DA83839EFE9397B8" box="[160,267,729,755]" pageId="57" pageNumber="720" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F6490074DA8383BAFE0A9673" blockId="57.[160,1156,729,824]" pageId="57" pageNumber="720">
<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF6490074DA8383BAFE0A9673" collectingDate="2011-12-31" collectionCode="CERPE" collectorName="J. Esteves" country="Brazil" county="Male" location="Vao Grande" municipality="Barra do Bugres" pageId="57" pageNumber="720" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCounty id="7E6CF9AEF6490074DA8383BAFF41965D" box="[160,217,765,790]" pageId="57" pageNumber="720">Male</collectingCounty>
, dissected, labelled: ‘
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F6490074DB9883BAFD96965D" box="[443,526,765,790]" name="Brazil" pageId="57" pageNumber="720">BRASIL</collectingCountry>
@ -132,7 +130,7 @@ instead bears the inner protarsal claw without incision, provided only with a ve
:
<collectingMunicipality id="77691B58F6490074D88F83BAFCC6965D" box="[684,862,765,790]" pageId="57" pageNumber="720">Barra do Bugres</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="926DD7F9F6490074D94583BAFC73965D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F1B3034F6490077DB6E81C9FE7294F6:926DD7F9F6490074D94583BAFC73965D" box="[870,1003,765,790]" country="Brazil" county="Male" municipality="Barra do Bugres" name="Vao Grande" pageId="57" pageNumber="720" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">Vão Grande</location>
<location id="926DD7F9F6490074D94583BAFC73965D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F1B3034F6490077DB6E81C9FCAD96A9:926DD7F9F6490074D94583BAFC73965D" box="[870,1003,765,790]" country="Brazil" county="Male" municipality="Barra do Bugres" name="Vao Grande" pageId="57" pageNumber="720" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">Vão Grande</location>
,
<date id="E30CA7E2F6490074D9D083BAFBF3965D" box="[1011,1131,765,790]" pageId="57" pageNumber="720" value="2011-12-31">
<collectingDate id="F3485E0AF6490074D9D083BAFBF3965D" box="[1011,1131,765,790]" pageId="57" pageNumber="720" value="2011-12-31">31.xii.2011</collectingDate>
@ -148,13 +146,11 @@ leg’.
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F6490074DA838222FE929634" blockId="57.[160,1155,869,964]" box="[160,266,869,895]" pageId="57" pageNumber="720">
<paragraph id="970D8122F6490074DA838222FD92968F" blockId="57.[160,1155,869,964]" pageId="57" pageNumber="720">
<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF6490074DA838222FD92968F" collectorName="Asconchinga" country="Argentina" elevation="750" location="Cordoba" pageId="57" pageNumber="720" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Cordoba" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6490074DA838222FE929634" bold="true" box="[160,266,869,895]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="720">
<typeStatus id="48093F80F6490074DA838222FE929634" box="[160,266,869,895]" pageId="57" pageNumber="720" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F6490074DA8382CEFD92968F" blockId="57.[160,1155,869,964]" pageId="57" pageNumber="720">
<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF6490074DA8382CEFF47968F" collectorName="Asconchinga" country="Argentina" elevation="750" location="Cordoba" pageId="57" pageNumber="720" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Cordoba" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF6490074DA8382CEFE8196E9" box="[160,281,905,930]" count="1" pageId="57" pageNumber="720" type="male">One male</specimenCount>
, labelled: ‘
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F6490074DBBE82CEFDB396E9" box="[413,555,905,930]" name="Argentina" pageId="57" pageNumber="720">ARGENTINA</collectingCountry>
@ -168,7 +164,6 @@ N,
</quantity>
, 08–
<date id="E30CA7E2F6490074DA8382ECFF47968F" box="[160,223,939,964]" pageId="57" pageNumber="720" value="2011-09-01">09.01</date>
</materialsCitation>
.2011, V. May Leg’.
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6490074DB9082ECFD9C968F" bold="true" box="[435,516,939,964]" pageId="57" pageNumber="720">
(
@ -176,6 +171,7 @@ N,
)
</emphasis>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F6490074DA8382B6FDB69140" blockId="57.[160,1157,1009,1728]" box="[160,558,1009,1035]" pageId="57" pageNumber="720">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6490074DA8382B6FDB69140" bold="true" box="[160,558,1009,1035]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="720">
@ -221,6 +217,57 @@ description (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64A0077DB6F80E3FE2194F6" box="[332,441,420,445]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971581" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971581/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="721">Figure 14</figureCitation>
(m)).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F64A0077DA8380BFFF6E9759" blockId="58.[160,268,504,565]" box="[160,246,504,530]" pageId="58" pageNumber="721">
<heading id="CC45364EF64A0077DA8380BFFF6E9759" box="[160,246,504,530]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="58" pageNumber="721" reason="5">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F64A0077DA8380BFFF6E9759" bold="true" box="[160,246,504,530]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="721">Female</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F64A0077DA83835BFE94977E" blockId="58.[160,268,504,565]" box="[160,268,540,565]" pageId="58" pageNumber="721">Unknown</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="970D8122F64A0077DA838337FE5497C1" blockId="58.[160,903,624,684]" box="[160,460,624,650]" pageId="58" pageNumber="721">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F64A0077DA838337FE5497C1" bold="true" box="[160,460,624,650]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="721">
Variation in the
<typeStatus id="48093F80F64A0077DB418337FE5497C1" box="[354,460,624,650]" pageId="58" pageNumber="721" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F64A0077DA8383D4FC1F97E7" blockId="58.[160,903,624,684]" box="[160,903,659,684]" pageId="58" pageNumber="721">
The
<typeStatus id="48093F80F64A0077DAF283D4FEAD97E7" box="[209,309,659,684]" pageId="58" pageNumber="721" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
does not vary significantly concerning the
<typeStatus id="48093F80F64A0077D93E83D4FC1C97E7" box="[797,900,659,684]" pageId="58" pageNumber="721" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
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<paragraph id="970D8122F64A0077DA8383AFFEB49649" blockId="58.[160,1084,744,805]" box="[160,300,744,770]" pageId="58" pageNumber="721">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F64A0077DA8383AFFEB49649" bold="true" box="[160,300,744,770]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="721">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F64A0077DA83824BFBA4966E" blockId="58.[160,1084,744,805]" box="[160,1084,780,805]" pageId="58" pageNumber="721">
Known from central
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F64A0077DBA4824BFE5B966E" box="[391,451,780,805]" name="Brazil" pageId="58" pageNumber="721">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F64A0077DBF2824BFDF9966E" box="[465,609,780,805]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="58" pageNumber="721">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
) and
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F64A0077D882824BFC88966E" box="[673,784,780,805]" name="Argentina" pageId="58" pageNumber="721">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(Asconchinga) (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F64A0077D9E6824BFBB6966E" box="[965,1070,780,805]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="49.[160,225,1599,1622]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,145,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-3@49.[163,1153,142,1567]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Figure 23. Known geographical distribution of Bothynus ascanius, Bothynus laevipennis, Bothynus Moroni sp. n., Bothynus nyx, Bothynus robustus sp. n., and Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971601/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="721">Figure 23</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F64A0077DA838227FCAD96A9" pageId="58" pageNumber="721" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="970D8122F64A0077DA838227FE859631" blockId="58.[160,1156,864,994]" box="[160,285,864,890]" pageId="58" pageNumber="721">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F64A0077DA838227FE859631" bold="true" box="[160,285,864,890]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="721">Etymology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F64A0077DA8382C4FCAD96A9" blockId="58.[160,1156,864,994]" pageId="58" pageNumber="721">
The specific epithet derives from the Latin ‘
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F64A0077D85E82C4FD2596D7" authorityName="Kolesnikov" authorityYear="1939" box="[637,701,899,924]" class="Gastropoda" family="Trochidae" genus="Robur" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="58" pageNumber="721" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F64A0077D85E82C4FD2596D7" box="[637,701,899,924]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="721">Röbur</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ meaning a kind of strength or hardness, plus the suffix ‘
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F64A0077DB6E82E1FEF596F4" box="[333,365,934,959]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="721">tus</emphasis>
’ meaning ‘provided with’, in reference to the hard appearance of the body. The name is an adjective in the nominative singular.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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<mods:title id="F8AC0C2024908B07E67F93DD188DB127">Taxonomic revision of the Bothynus ascanius (Kirby, 1819) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastinae) species group</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F673004EDB4F84C3FC2F90D4" box="[364,951,1412,1439]" pageId="3" pageNumber="666" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="970D8122F673004EDB4F84C3FC2F90D4" blockId="3.[364,951,1412,1439]" box="[364,951,1412,1439]" pageId="3" pageNumber="666">
<heading id="CC45364EF673004EDB4F84C3FC2F90D4" bold="true" box="[364,951,1412,1439]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="666" reason="3">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F673004EDB4F84C3FC2F90D4" bold="true" box="[364,951,1412,1439]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="666">
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F673004EDB4F84C3FDC290D4" ID-CoL="MP9C" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1819" box="[364,602,1412,1439]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ascanius">Bothynus ascanius</taxonomicName>
species group composition
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<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F673004EDA8384F2FC5D938B" pageId="3" pageNumber="666" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="970D8122F673004EDA8384F2FC5D938B" blockId="3.[160,1156,1461,1728]" pageId="3" pageNumber="666">
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F673004EDA8384F2FE159085" authorityName="Duarte &amp; Dupuis &amp; Grossi" authorityYear="2025" box="[160,397,1461,1486]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arriagadae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F673004EDA8384F2FE159085" box="[160,397,1461,1486]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="666">Bothynus arriagadae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F673004EDBB984F2FE479085" bold="true" box="[410,479,1461,1486]" pageId="3" pageNumber="666">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BEF5E04BF673004EDBB984F2FE479085" box="[410,479,1461,1486]" pageId="3" pageNumber="666" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
;
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F673004EDBD184F2FCF99085" ID-CoL="MP9C" authority="(Kirby 1819)" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1819" box="[498,865,1461,1486]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ascanius">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F673004EDBD184F2FD5D9085" box="[498,709,1461,1486]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="666">Bothynus ascanius</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F673004ED8F484F2FCC09085" author="Kirby W" box="[727,856,1461,1486]" pageId="3" pageNumber="666" pagination="375 - 482" refId="ref36444" refString="Kirby W. 1819. A description of several new species of insects collected in New Holand by Robert Brown. Trans Linn Soc London. 12: 375-482. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1817.tb00239.x." type="journal article" year="1819">Kirby 1819</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F673004ED95184F2FBB39085" authorityName="Duarte &amp; Dupuis &amp; Grossi" authorityYear="2025" box="[882,1067,1461,1486]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bentoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F673004ED95184F2FBB39085" box="[882,1067,1461,1486]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="666">Bothynus bentoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F673004EDE1484F2FBE59085" bold="true" box="[1079,1149,1461,1486]" pageId="3" pageNumber="666">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BEF5E04BF673004EDE1484F2FBE59085" box="[1079,1149,1461,1486]" pageId="3" pageNumber="666" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
;
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F673004EDA838490FDAE90BB" ID-CoL="MP9H" authority="(Fairmaire, 1878)" authorityName="Duarte and Grossi" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="Fairmaire" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[160,566,1495,1520]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cribrarius">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F673004EDA838490FEE990BB" box="[160,369,1495,1520]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="666">Bothynus cribrarius</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F673004EDB5C8490FDB590BB" author="Fairmaire L" box="[383,557,1495,1520]" pageId="3" pageNumber="666" pagination="260 - 270" refId="ref36088" refString="Fairmaire L. 1878. Description de coleopteres nouveaux d'Amerique. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquee, Series. 3 (6): 260-270." type="journal article" year="1878">Fairmaire, 1878</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F673004ED8618490FC4990BB" ID-CoL="MP9K" authority="(Burmeister, 1847)" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[578,977,1495,1520]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyclops">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F673004ED8618490FD6490BB" box="[578,764,1495,1520]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="666">Bothynus cyclops</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F673004ED9298490FC5190BB" author="Burmeister H" box="[778,969,1495,1520]" pageId="3" pageNumber="666" refId="ref35758" refString="Burmeister H. 1847. Handbuch der Entomologie. Coleoptera Lamellicornia, Xylophila et Pectinicornia, Berlin, Germany: Band V. Enslin." type="book" year="1847">Burmeister, 1847</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F673004ED9FE8490FEEF9358" ID-CoL="MP9L" authority="Arrow, 1937" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cylindricus">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F673004ED9FE8490FF789358" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="666">Bothynus cylindricus</emphasis>
Arrow, 1937
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F673004EDBA484BDFCDB9358" ID-CoL="MP9N" authority="(Burmeister, 1847)" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[391,835,1530,1555]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deiphobus">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F673004EDBA484BDFDFE9358" box="[391,614,1530,1555]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="666">Bothynus deiphobus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F673004ED85484BDFCA29358" author="Burmeister H" box="[631,826,1530,1555]" pageId="3" pageNumber="666" refId="ref35758" refString="Burmeister H. 1847. Handbuch der Entomologie. Coleoptera Lamellicornia, Xylophila et Pectinicornia, Berlin, Germany: Band V. Enslin." type="book" year="1847">Burmeister, 1847</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F673004ED97184BDFF78937D" ID-CoL="79TZ9" authority="(Fairmaire, 1878)" baseAuthorityName="Fairmaire" baseAuthorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabius">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F673004ED97184BDFB9B9358" box="[850,1027,1530,1555]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="666">Bothynus fabius</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F673004EDE3784BDFF40937D" author="Fairmaire L" pageId="3" pageNumber="666" pagination="260 - 270" refId="ref36088" refString="Fairmaire L. 1878. Description de coleopteres nouveaux d'Amerique. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquee, Series. 3 (6): 260-270." type="journal article" year="1878">Fairmaire, 1878</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(revalidated name);
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F673004EDBFD875AFD13937D" authorityName="Duarte &amp; Dupuis &amp; Grossi" authorityYear="2025" box="[478,651,1565,1590]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gisae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F673004EDBFD875AFD13937D" box="[478,651,1565,1590]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="666">Bothynus gisae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F673004ED8B4875AFD46937D" bold="true" box="[663,734,1565,1590]" pageId="3" pageNumber="666">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BEF5E04BF673004ED8B4875AFD46937D" box="[663,734,1565,1590]" pageId="3" pageNumber="666" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
;
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F673004ED8D2875AFBE6937D" ID-CoL="692JC" authority="Arrow, 1937" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1937" box="[753,1150,1565,1590]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevipennis">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F673004ED8D2875AFC79937D" box="[753,993,1565,1590]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="666">Bothynus laevipennis</emphasis>
Arrow, 1937
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F673004EDA838778FDBF9313" ID-CoL="MP9W" authority="Burmeister, 1847" authorityName="Burmeister Inner" authorityYear="1847" box="[160,551,1599,1624]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticifex">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F673004EDA838778FEF89313" box="[160,352,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="666">Bothynus laticifex</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F673004EDB4B8778FDBF9313" author="Burmeister H" box="[360,551,1599,1624]" pageId="3" pageNumber="666" refId="ref35758" refString="Burmeister H. 1847. Handbuch der Entomologie. Coleoptera Lamellicornia, Xylophila et Pectinicornia, Berlin, Germany: Band V. Enslin." type="book" year="1847">Burmeister, 1847</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F673004ED8178778FC089313" ID-CoL="MP9Y" authority="Steinheil, 1872" authorityName="Steinheil" authorityYear="1872" box="[564,912,1599,1624]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F673004ED8178778FD799313" box="[564,737,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="666">Bothynus minor</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F673004ED8C98778FC089313" author="Steinheil E" box="[746,912,1599,1624]" pageId="3" pageNumber="666" pagination="554 - 578" refId="ref37021" refString="Steinheil E. 1872. Symbolae ad historiam Coleopterorum Argentinae meridionalis, ossia enumerazione dei coleotteri raccolti dal Prof. Strobel, durante il suo soggiorno in Buenos Aires e nei viaggi de la intrapresi a Mendoza e nal Chili, indi a Bahia Blanca ed al Carmen de los Patagones; e descrizione delle specie nuove. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali. 15: 554-578." type="journal article" year="1872">Steinheil, 1872</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F673004ED9BE8778FBC09313" authorityName="Duarte &amp; Dupuis &amp; Grossi" authorityYear="2025" box="[925,1112,1599,1624]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moroni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F673004ED9BE8778FBC09313" box="[925,1112,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="666">Bothynus moroni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F673004EDE428778FF2E9330" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="666">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BEF5E04BF673004EDE428778FF2E9330" pageId="3" pageNumber="666" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
;
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F673004EDAEA8725FD8C9330" ID-CoL="692JJ" authority="Ratcliffe, 2010" authorityName="Ratcliffe" authorityYear="2010" box="[201,532,1634,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nyx">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F673004EDAEA8725FEFA9330" box="[201,354,1634,1659]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="666">Bothynus nyx</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F673004EDB4D8725FD8C9330" author="Ratcliffe BC" box="[366,532,1634,1659]" pageId="3" pageNumber="666" pagination="105 - 108" refId="ref36837" refString="Ratcliffe BC. 2010. A new bolivian Bothynus Hope, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini), with a key to the species in Bolivia. The Coleopt Bull. 64: 105-108. doi:10.1649/072. 064.0201." type="journal article" year="2010">Ratcliffe, 2010</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F673004ED8068725FD6E9330" authorityName="Duarte &amp; Dupuis &amp; Grossi" authorityYear="2025" box="[549,758,1634,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ovalatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F673004ED8068725FD6E9330" box="[549,758,1634,1659]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="666">Bothynus ovalatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F673004ED9218725FCD09330" bold="true" box="[770,840,1634,1659]" pageId="3" pageNumber="666">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BEF5E04BF673004ED9218725FCD09330" box="[770,840,1634,1659]" pageId="3" pageNumber="666" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
;
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F673004ED9798725FBB49330" authorityName="Duarte &amp; Dupuis &amp; Grossi" authorityYear="2025" box="[858,1068,1634,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F673004ED9798725FBB49330" box="[858,1068,1634,1659]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="666">Bothynus robustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F673004EDE1B8725FBE59330" bold="true" box="[1080,1149,1634,1659]" pageId="3" pageNumber="666">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BEF5E04BF673004EDE1B8725FBE59330" box="[1080,1149,1634,1659]" pageId="3" pageNumber="666" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
;
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F673004EDA8387C2FEEF93D5" authorityName="Duarte &amp; Dupuis &amp; Grossi" authorityYear="2025" box="[160,375,1669,1694]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipennis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F673004EDA8387C2FEEF93D5" box="[160,375,1669,1694]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="666">Bothynus rufipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F673004EDBA387C2FE5A93D5" bold="true" box="[384,450,1669,1694]" pageId="3" pageNumber="666">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BEF5E04BF673004EDBA387C2FE5A93D5" box="[384,450,1669,1694]" pageId="3" pageNumber="666" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
;
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F673004EDBF387C2FD0993D5" authorityName="Duarte &amp; Dupuis &amp; Grossi" authorityYear="2025" box="[464,657,1669,1694]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapukai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F673004EDBF387C2FD0993D5" box="[464,657,1669,1694]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="666">Bothynus sapukai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F673004ED8B987C2FD4493D5" bold="true" box="[666,732,1669,1694]" pageId="3" pageNumber="666">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BEF5E04BF673004ED8B987C2FD4493D5" box="[666,732,1669,1694]" pageId="3" pageNumber="666" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
;
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F673004ED8C987C2FF4F938B" ID-CoL="CJQ3S" authority="Ratcliffe and Cave, 2024" authorityName="Ratcliffe and Cave" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sartorei">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F673004ED8C987C2FC3093D5" box="[746,936,1669,1694]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="666">Bothynus sartorei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F673004ED99287C2FF4F938B" author="Ratcliffe BC &amp; Cave RD" pageId="3" pageNumber="666" pagination="42 - 47" refId="ref36886" refString="Ratcliffe BC, Cave RD. 2024. Description of a new species of Bothynus Hope (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from Bolivia with a key to the Bolivian species of Bothynus. J Insect Biodiver. 54: 42-47. doi:10.12976/jib/2024.54.2.2." type="journal article" year="2024">Ratcliffe and Cave, 2024</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F673004EDAC787E0FD95938B" authorityName="Duarte &amp; Dupuis &amp; Grossi" authorityYear="2025" box="[228,525,1703,1728]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutellopunctatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F673004EDAC787E0FD95938B" box="[228,525,1703,1728]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="666">Bothynus scutellopunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F673004ED83687E0FDCD938B" bold="true" box="[533,597,1703,1728]" pageId="3" pageNumber="666">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BEF5E04BF673004ED83687E0FDCD938B" box="[533,597,1703,1728]" pageId="3" pageNumber="666" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; and
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F673004ED8B687E0FC27938B" ID-CoL="5WQKN" authority="Hardy, 2017" authorityName="Hardy" authorityYear="2017" box="[661,959,1703,1728]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="666" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thrix">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F673004ED8B687E0FCA9938B" box="[661,817,1703,1728]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="666">Bothynus thrix</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F673004ED91A87E0FC27938B" author="Hardy M" box="[825,959,1703,1728]" pageId="3" pageNumber="666" pagination="141 - 145" refId="ref36280" refString="Hardy M. 2017. Description of a new species of Bothynus Hope from Argentina and Bolivia (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae). Zootaxa. 4362 (1): 141-145. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4362.1.9." type="journal article" year="2017">Hardy, 2017</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F6740048DA8381C9FD859581" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="668" pageId="4" pageNumber="667" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="970D8122F6740049DA8381C9FE8C95E3" blockId="4.[160,1155,142,411]" box="[160,276,142,168]" pageId="4" pageNumber="667">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6740049DA8381C9FE8C95E3" bold="true" box="[160,276,142,168]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="667">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F6740048DA8381F5FD859581" blockId="4.[160,1155,142,411]" lastBlockId="5.[160,1155,142,202]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="668" pageId="4" pageNumber="667">
The
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F6740049DAF181F5FED39580" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1819" box="[210,331,178,203]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ascanius">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6740049DAF181F5FED39580" box="[210,331,178,203]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="667">B. ascanius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group comprises 21 species within the genus
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F6740049D94281F5FC5D9580" authorityName="Hope" authorityYear="1837" box="[865,965,178,203]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6740049D94281F5FC5D9580" box="[865,965,178,203]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="667">Bothynus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that share three diagnostic characters: frontoclypeal region bearing a transverse, raised, incomplete carina, which does not reach the lateral margins of the head (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6740049D90381B0FCEE945B" box="[800,886,247,272]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1645,1668]" captionTargetBox="[169,1145,496,1610]" captionTargetId="figure-108@4.[163,1153,487,1614]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Morphological characters of the Bothynus ascanius species group: (a) dorsal view of head (mouthparts removed); (b) internal view of the female tergite 8 (black arrow indicates the absence of the internal plate)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971555/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="667">Figure 1</figureCitation>
(a)); ocular canthus with setae confined to ventral area, arranged in a transverse fringe (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6740049D957805DFC549478" box="[884,972,282,307]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1645,1668]" captionTargetBox="[169,1145,496,1610]" captionTargetId="figure-108@4.[163,1153,487,1614]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Morphological characters of the Bothynus ascanius species group: (a) dorsal view of head (mouthparts removed); (b) internal view of the female tergite 8 (black arrow indicates the absence of the internal plate)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971555/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="667">Figure 1</figureCitation>
(a)); tergite 8 of females without internal plate (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6740049DBDC807BFDCE941E" box="[511,598,316,341]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1645,1668]" captionTargetBox="[169,1145,496,1610]" captionTargetId="figure-108@4.[163,1153,487,1614]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Morphological characters of the Bothynus ascanius species group: (a) dorsal view of head (mouthparts removed); (b) internal view of the female tergite 8 (black arrow indicates the absence of the internal plate)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971555/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="667">Figure 1</figureCitation>
(b)). Other
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F6740049D8F0807BFC17941E" box="[723,911,316,341]" pageId="4" pageNumber="667">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6740049D8F0807BFCAF941E" box="[723,823,316,341]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="667">Bothynus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
not belonging to this group possess 1–2 tubercles on the frontoclypeal region or a transverse and complete carina that reaches the lateral margins of the head; both dorsal and ventral areas of the ocular canthus bear setae, or the setae are confined to the dorsal area; tergite 8 of females is provided with an internal plate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF6740049DA83872AFEC193F4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971555" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14971555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971555/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="667" startId="4.[160,225,1645,1668]" targetBox="[169,1145,496,1610]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="970D8122F6740049DA83872AFEC193F4" blockId="4.[160,1156,1645,1727]" pageId="4" pageNumber="667">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6740049DA83872AFF6493CF" bold="true" box="[160,252,1645,1668]" pageId="4" pageNumber="667">Figure 1.</emphasis>
Morphological characters of the
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F6740049D869872AFD6493CF" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1819" box="[586,764,1645,1668]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ascanius">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6740049D869872AFD6493CF" box="[586,764,1645,1668]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="667">Bothynus ascanius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group: (a) dorsal view of head (mouthparts removed); (b) internal view of the female tergite 8 (black arrow indicates the absence of the internal plate).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F675004BDA8381B1FB8297C6" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="669" pageId="5" pageNumber="668" type="description">
<paragraph id="970D8122F6750048DA8381B1FEBE945B" blockId="5.[160,1157,246,1728]" box="[160,294,246,272]" pageId="5" pageNumber="668">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6750048DA8381B1FEBE945B" bold="true" box="[160,294,246,272]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="668">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F675004BDA83805DFE48943C" blockId="5.[160,1157,246,1728]" lastBlockId="6.[160,1156,142,375]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="669" pageId="5" pageNumber="668">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6750048DA83805DFF7F9478" box="[160,231,282,307]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="668">Colour</emphasis>
: Usually reddish to reddish brown, rarely dark brown.
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6750048D97E805DFC0E9478" box="[861,918,282,307]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="668">Head</emphasis>
: Clypeus shape subtrapezoidal to subtriangular, uniformly convergent or sinuous laterally (with apparent constriction in anterior half); anterior margin bearing 2 raised, conical, subtriangular or lobed (flattened anteroposteriorly) teeth; dorsal surface usually rugopunctate and glabrous to scarcely setose; clypeus surrounded by dense setae projecting from ventral surface. Frontoclypeal region bearing a transverse, incomplete, raised carina, not reaching the lateral margins of head. Frons transversely rugose or coarsely rugopunctate, usually with scarce setae on sides, rarely glabrous. Ocular canthus transverse, subrectangular, glabrous dorsally, ventrally bearing a transverse fringe of setae.
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6750048D9A18368FB989703" box="[898,1024,559,584]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="668">Mouthparts</emphasis>
: Mandibles each bearing 3 teeth produced at outer margins; teeth usually subtriangular, rarely lobed. Maxilla with 3–5 apical teeth produced at inner margin of galea; teeth pointed. Labium subtriangular, flattened, surrounded by dense, deep, coalescent, setigerous punctures on sides; disc with weak, shallow, small punctures; discal setae scarce, smaller than those at sides.
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6750048DAC6839BFED597BE" box="[229,333,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="668">Antennae</emphasis>
: 10-segmented; lamellae usually flattened; club from subequal to nearly 2.5 times longer than antennomeres 2–7 combined.
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6750048D8CD83B8FCC19653" box="[750,857,767,792]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="668">Prothorax</emphasis>
: Pronotum, in dorsal view, bearing a tubercle contiguous with middle of anterior margin; anterior area with a shallow to deep and small to large cavity that is rounded or oval in shape, sometimes extended to posterior pronotal area; cavity transversely rugose, densely rugopunctate or densely punctate; pronotal sides usually with large, dense, deep, ocellated punctures; punctures on posterior disc smaller, weak compared to those on sides; posterior margin mostly rugopunctate or strongly rugose. Pronotum, in lateral view, with declivous anterior area, posterior area strongly convex. Prosternal process columnar, cylindrical, projecting between coxae, apex oval.
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6750048DBCA8552FDF39165" box="[489,619,1045,1070]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="668">Pterothorax</emphasis>
: Scutellar plate mostly subtriangular, usually smooth, rarely with dense punctures. Elytral surface rarely smooth or setose; usually covered with ocellate and deep punctures, small to large in size; striae mostly well impressed. Epipleurae weakly produced, usually hidden below lateral margin of elytra in dorsal view. Meso- and metaventrite from moderately to densely setose; metaventrite from glabrous to weakly setose on disc.
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6750048D8408585FD549190" box="[611,716,1218,1243]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="668">Abdomen</emphasis>
: Tergite 7 bearing disc with 1–2 paired bands of finely marked, transverse, stridulatory striae. Tergite 8 transverse, subtriangular, from rugose to densely punctate, glabrous to densely setose. Sternites 4–7 rugose on sides, punctate on disc; sternite 8 emarginate at middle of posterior margin.
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6750048DE28846DFBA39008" box="[1035,1083,1322,1347]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="668">Legs</emphasis>
: Inner protarsal claw strongly curved, simple (equal in length and shape to outer claw), deeply incised or bearing only a ventromedial process. Protarsomere 5 subequal in length to protarsomeres 3–4 combined; ventroapical area of protarsomere 5 usually with a small, triangular, projected process. Protarsomeres 2–4 subequal in length. Protibia with 3 triangular teeth produced at outer margin; basal tooth smaller to medial and apical ones; dorsal surface rugose along a longitudinal area close to base of teeth. Mesotarsomere 5 subequal in length to tarsomeres 3–4 combined; mesotarsomeres 1–4 gradually and sequentially decreasing in size. Mesotibia with sinuous apex; outer surface usually provisioned with 2 carinae (1 basal, 1 medial); medial carina obliquely produced; surface area between apex and medial carinae strongly concave; basal carina short, transverse, sometimes absent; apex and carinae bordered with spinule-like setae. Metatarsi similar to mesotarsi. Metatibia longer, robust compared to mesotibia; apex truncated; similar to mesotibiae in other aspects.
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F676004BD8FB81F6FCD99581" box="[728,833,177,202]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="669">Aedeagus</emphasis>
: Phalobasis nearly 1.5 times longer than parameres. Parameres, in caudal view, oval, long (1.5 times longer than wide), rounded laterally in basal half; apical half constricted lateroventrally; apex usually with 2 oval lobes produced laterodorsally; surface usually smooth, rarely punctate. Parameres, in lateral view, arched dorsally, usually with a visible ventrobasal carina, apex usually rounded, rarely acuminate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F676004BDA8380E4FE1C94F6" blockId="6.[160,1155,419,653]" box="[160,388,419,445]" pageId="6" pageNumber="669">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F676004BDA8380E4FE1C94F6" bold="true" box="[160,388,419,445]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="669">Sexual dimorphism</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F676004BDA838080FB8297C6" blockId="6.[160,1155,419,653]" pageId="6" pageNumber="669">
Sexual dimorphism is variable within the
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F676004BD87F8080FD4994AB" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1819" box="[604,721,455,480]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="669" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ascanius">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F676004BD87F8080FD4994AB" box="[604,721,455,480]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="669">B. ascanius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group. Females either bearing a small pronotal tubercle or lacking one; pronotal cavity usually shallow or declivous, rarely large and deep; pronotum weakly convex posteriorly in lateral view; pronotal surface nearly entirely covered by dense, large punctures; inner protarsal claw simple, equal in length to outer claw; tergite 8 flattened or weakly convex in lateral view; sternite 8 from parabolic to subtriangular, with entire posterior margin, lacking emargination, as in the male.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F676004BDA8383FEFC929653" pageId="6" pageNumber="669" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="970D8122F676004BDA8383FEFE9E9798" blockId="6.[160,1155,697,792]" box="[160,262,697,723]" pageId="6" pageNumber="669">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F676004BDA8383FEFE9E9798" bold="true" box="[160,262,697,723]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="669">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F676004BDA83839AFC929653" blockId="6.[160,1155,697,792]" pageId="6" pageNumber="669">
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F676004BDA83839AFEC597BD" authorityName="Ratcliffe and Cave" authorityYear="2024" box="[160,349,733,758]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="669" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sartorei">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F676004BDA83839AFEC597BD" box="[160,349,733,758]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="669">Bothynus sartorei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was recently described by
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F676004BD8B1839AFC3297BD" author="Ratcliffe BC &amp; Cave RD" box="[658,938,733,758]" pageId="6" pageNumber="669" pagination="42 - 47" refId="ref36886" refString="Ratcliffe BC, Cave RD. 2024. Description of a new species of Bothynus Hope (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from Bolivia with a key to the Bolivian species of Bothynus. J Insect Biodiver. 54: 42-47. doi:10.12976/jib/2024.54.2.2." type="journal article" year="2024">Ratcliffe and Cave (2024)</bibRefCitation>
during completion of this revision and, for this reason, is not treated here.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F676004BDA838203FDC396E8" pageId="6" pageNumber="669" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="970D8122F676004BDA838203FEB49615" blockId="6.[160,1156,836,931]" box="[160,300,836,862]" pageId="6" pageNumber="669">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F676004BDA838203FEB49615" bold="true" box="[160,300,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="669">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F676004BDA83822FFDC396E8" blockId="6.[160,1156,836,931]" pageId="6" pageNumber="669">
The
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F676004BDAF5822FFECB96CA" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1819" box="[214,339,872,897]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="669" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ascanius">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F676004BDAF5822FFECB96CA" box="[214,339,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="669">B. ascanius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group is restricted to South America, where it has a mostly meridional distribution (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F676004BDB9282CDFDD596E8" box="[433,589,906,931]" captionStart-0="Figure 21" captionStart-1="Figure 22" captionStart-2="Figure 23" captionStart-3="Figure 24" captionStartId-0="39.[160,225,1072,1095]" captionStartId-1="44.[160,226,1599,1622]" captionStartId-2="49.[160,225,1599,1622]" captionStartId-3="50.[160,225,1599,1622]" captionTargetBox-0="[166,1151,148,1039]" captionTargetBox-1="[167,1150,145,1563]" captionTargetBox-2="[167,1150,145,1562]" captionTargetBox-3="[167,1150,145,1562]" captionTargetId-0="figure-196@39.[163,1153,142,1041]" captionTargetId-1="figure-3@44.[163,1153,142,1567]" captionTargetId-2="figure-3@49.[163,1153,142,1567]" captionTargetId-3="figure-3@50.[163,1153,142,1567]" captionTargetPageId-0="39" captionTargetPageId-1="44" captionTargetPageId-2="49" captionTargetPageId-3="50" captionText-0="Figure 21. Sternites 4–8 of females (a–d): (a) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (b) Bothynus cylindricus; (c) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (d) Bothynus fabius. st = sternite." captionText-1="Figure 22. Known geographical distribution of Bothynus arriagadae sp. n., Bothynus cylindricus, Bothynus laticifex, Bothynus ovalatus sp. n., Bothynus rufipennis sp. n., and Bothynus sapukai sp. n." captionText-2="Figure 23. Known geographical distribution of Bothynus ascanius, Bothynus laevipennis, Bothynus Moroni sp. n., Bothynus nyx, Bothynus robustus sp. n., and Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n." captionText-3="Figure 24. Known geographical distribution of Bothynus bentoi sp. n., Bothynus deiphobus, Bothynus minor, Bothynus fabius, and Bothynus thrix." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971597" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971599" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971601" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971603" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14971597/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14971599/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14971601/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/14971603/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="669">Figures 21–24</figureCitation>
).
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<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F6780045DBEA83F2FCC2979B" ID-CoL="MP9C" authority="(Kirby, 1819)" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1819" box="[457,858,693,720]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ascanius">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6780045DBEA83F2FD2F979B" bold="true" box="[457,695,693,720]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="671">Bothynus ascanius</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F6780045D8E483F2FCC9979B" author="Kirby W" box="[711,849,693,720]" pageId="8" pageNumber="671" pagination="375 - 482" refId="ref36444" refString="Kirby W. 1819. A description of several new species of insects collected in New Holand by Robert Brown. Trans Linn Soc London. 12: 375-482. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1817.tb00239.x." type="journal article" year="1819">Kirby, 1819</bibRefCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="970D8122F6780045DA8383A0FD52966E" blockId="8.[160,1156,743,805]" pageId="8" pageNumber="671">
(
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6780045DA8B83A0FE809649" box="[168,280,743,770]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971557/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="671">Figures 2</figureCitation>
(a), 3(b), 6(a,b), 8(a), 9(a,b), 11(a), 12(a), 13(b), 14(b), 15(b), 17(a,b), 18(a), 19(e), 23)
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<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F6780045DA83827AFE00961C" ID-CoL="79W52" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1819" box="[160,408,829,855]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scarabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ascanius">Scarabaeus ascanius</taxonomicName>
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<treatmentCitation id="1613A733F6780045DB8E8279FDC2961C" author="Kirby W" box="[429,602,830,855]" page="399" pageId="8" pageNumber="671" year="1819">
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F6780045DB8E8279FDC2961C" author="Kirby W" box="[429,602,830,855]" pageId="8" pageNumber="671" pagination="375 - 482" refId="ref36444" refString="Kirby W. 1819. A description of several new species of insects collected in New Holand by Robert Brown. Trans Linn Soc London. 12: 375-482. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1817.tb00239.x." type="journal article" year="1819">Kirby 1819: 399</bibRefCitation>
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(original combination)
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="B7A2A60CF6780045DA8382C1FE23919C" pageId="8" pageNumber="671">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6780045DA8382C1FE1C96EB" bold="true" box="[160,388,902,928]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="671">
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F6780045DA8382C1FE1896EB" ID-CoL="MP9C" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1819" box="[160,384,902,928]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ascanius">Bothynus ascanius</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F6780045DBB882C0FD8196EB" author="Hope FW" box="[411,537,903,928]" pageId="8" pageNumber="671" refId="ref36378" refString="Hope FW. 1837. Coleopterist's manual, containing the lamellicorn insects of linneus and fabricius. United Kingdom, Londres: Henry G. Bohn; p. 121." type="journal volume" year="1837">Hope 1837</bibRefCitation>
): 95 (new combination); (
<treatmentCitation id="1613A733F6780045D91D82C0FBAA96EB" author="Burmeister H" box="[830,1074,903,928]" page="116" pageId="8" pageNumber="671" year="1847">
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F6780045D91D82C0FBAA96EB" author="Burmeister H" box="[830,1074,903,928]" pageId="8" pageNumber="671" refId="ref35758" refString="Burmeister H. 1847. Handbuch der Entomologie. Coleoptera Lamellicornia, Xylophila et Pectinicornia, Berlin, Germany: Band V. Enslin." type="book" year="1847">Burmeister 1847: 116</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
) (redescription, misidentification), 573 (name citation); (
<treatmentCitation id="1613A733F6780045D8FE82EEFC499689" author="Lacordaire JT" box="[733,977,937,962]" page="413" pageId="8" pageNumber="671" year="1856">
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F6780045D8FE82EEFC499689" author="Lacordaire JT" box="[733,977,937,962]" pageId="8" pageNumber="671" refId="ref36523" refString="Lacordaire JT. 1856. Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera de Coleopteres ou expose methodique et critique de tous les genres proposes jusqu'ici dans cet ordre d'insectes. Vol. 3, Paris: Libraire Encyclopedique de Roret." type="journal volume" year="1856">Lacordaire 1856: 413</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
) (remarks), 414 (name citation);
<treatmentCitation id="1613A733F6780045DB76828BFD7396AE" author="Gemminger M &amp; Harold B" box="[341,747,972,997]" page="1251" pageId="8" pageNumber="671" year="1869">
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F6780045DB76828BFD3296AE" author="Gemminger M &amp; Harold B" box="[341,682,972,997]" pageId="8" pageNumber="671" refId="ref36184" refString="Gemminger M, Harold B. 1869. Catalogus Coleopterorum. Synonymicus et Systematicus. Tom. IV. Scarabaeidae. France (Monachii): Sumptu E. H. Gummi." type="book" year="1869">Gemminger and Harold (1869)</bibRefCitation>
: 1251
</treatmentCitation>
(catalogue); Heine and Taschenberg 1908: 93 (name citation, etymology, misidentification), pl. 15 (fig. 3 [illustration]); (
<treatmentCitation id="1613A733F6780045DE1E82A8FE8C9161" author="Arrow GJ" page="156" pageId="8" pageNumber="671" year="1911">
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F6780045DE1E82A8FE8C9161" author="Arrow GJ" pageId="8" pageNumber="671" pagination="151 - 176" refId="ref35603" refString="Arrow GJ. 1911. Notes on the coleopterous subfamily Dynastinae, with description of new genera and species. Annal Magazine Nat Hist Seri. 8 (8): 151-176. doi:10.1080/00222931108693008." type="journal article" year="1911">Arrow 1911: 156</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
) (remarks); (
<treatmentCitation id="1613A733F6780045DB848556FDC29161" author="Prell H" box="[423,602,1041,1066]" page="146" pageId="8" pageNumber="671" year="1936">
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F6780045DB848556FDC29161" author="Prell H" box="[423,602,1041,1066]" pageId="8" pageNumber="671" pagination="145 - 152" refId="ref36807" refString="Prell H. 1936. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Dynastinen. Ueber die Homonymieverhaltnisse der Namen von Gattungen und Untergattungen. Entomologisches Blatter. 32: 145-152." type="journal article" year="1936">Prell 1936: 146</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
) (name citation);
<treatmentCitation id="1613A733F6780045D90D8556FC6B9161" author="Arrow GJ" box="[814,1011,1041,1066]" page="40" pageId="8" pageNumber="671" year="1937">
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F6780045D90D8556FC6B9161" author="Arrow GJ" box="[814,1011,1041,1066]" pageId="8" pageNumber="671" refId="ref35700" refString="Arrow GJ. 1937 b. Coleopterorum Catalogus, pars 156. Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae. W. Junk." type="journal volume" year="1937">Arrow 1937b: 40</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(catalogue); (
<treatmentCitation id="1613A733F6780045DA858573FE369106" author="Blackwelder RE" box="[166,430,1076,1101]" page="255" pageId="8" pageNumber="671" year="1944">
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F6780045DA858573FE369106" author="Blackwelder RE" box="[166,430,1076,1101]" pageId="8" pageNumber="671" pagination="189 - 341" refId="ref35720" refString="Blackwelder RE. 1944. Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, West Indies, and South America, part II. Bull U S Natl Mus. 185: 189-341." type="journal article" year="1944">Blackwelder 1944: 255</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
) (checklist);
<treatmentCitation id="1613A733F6780045D8628573FCBE9106" author="Endrodi S" box="[577,806,1076,1101]" page="113" pageId="8" pageNumber="671" year="1969">
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F6780045D8628573FD759106" author="Endrodi S" box="[577,749,1076,1101]" pageId="8" pageNumber="671" pagination="1 - 145" refId="ref36032" refString="Endrodi S. 1969. Monographie der Dynastinae. 4. Tribus: pentodontini (Coleoptera, Lamellicornia). Entomologische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde in Dresden. 37: 1-145." type="journal article" year="1969">Endrödi (1969)</bibRefCitation>
: 113
</treatmentCitation>
(identification key), 117 (figs. 163–164, illustration of aedeagus), 134 (redescription and distribution).
<treatmentCitation id="1613A733F6780045D9F48510FF5191D9" author="Endrodi S" page="275" pageId="8" pageNumber="671" year="1985">
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F6780045D9F48510FBE7913B" author="Endrodi S" box="[983,1151,1111,1136]" pageId="8" pageNumber="671" refId="ref36068" refString="Endrodi S. 1985. The Dynastinae of the world. La Haye, Netherlands: W. Junk." type="book" year="1985">Endrödi (1985)</bibRefCitation>
: 275
</treatmentCitation>
(identification key, distribution and illustration of aedeagus [figs. 1126–1128]);
<treatmentCitation id="1613A733F6780045DE19853EFE9591FE" author="Krajcik M" page="38" pageId="8" pageNumber="671" year="2005">
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F6780045DE19853EFF7F91FE" author="Krajcik M" pageId="8" pageNumber="671" pagination="1 - 122" refId="ref36491" refString="Krajcik M. 2005. Dynastinae of the world: checklist (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae). Animma X. 2 (Supplement 2): 1-122." type="journal article" year="2005">Krajcik (2005)</bibRefCitation>
: 38
</treatmentCitation>
(checklist);
<treatmentCitation id="1613A733F6780045DBB285DBFD0691FE" author="Abadie EI &amp; Grossi PC &amp; Wagner PS" box="[401,670,1180,1205]" page="108" pageId="8" pageNumber="671" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F6780045DBB285DBFDF291FE" author="Abadie EI &amp; Grossi PC &amp; Wagner PS" box="[401,618,1180,1205]" pageId="8" pageNumber="671" refId="ref35568" refString="Abadie EI, Grossi PC, Wagner PS. 2008. A field guide of the Dynastidae family of the south of South America. Buenos Aires: Design &amp; Digital edition Javier Canete." type="book" year="2008">
Abadie
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6780045DBC485DBFD8E91FE" box="[487,534,1180,1205]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="671">et al</emphasis>
. (2008)
</bibRefCitation>
: 108
</treatmentCitation>
(appendix 1 [distribution]);
<treatmentCitation id="1613A733F6780045D9F485DBFEA5919C" author="Lopez-Garcia MM &amp; Gasca-Alvarez HJ &amp; Cave RD &amp; Amat-Garcia G" page="496" pageId="8" pageNumber="671" year="2016">
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F6780045D9F485DBFEA5919C" author="Lopez-Garcia MM &amp; Gasca-Alvarez HJ &amp; Cave RD &amp; Amat-Garcia G" pageId="8" pageNumber="671" pagination="491 - 509" refId="ref36662" refString="Lopez-Garcia MM, Gasca-Alvarez HJ, Cave RD, Amat-Garcia G. 2016. An annotated checklist of the new world Pentodontini scarab beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini). Zootaxa. 4170 (3): 491-509. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4170.3.4." type="journal article" year="2016">
López-García
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6780045DE4C85DBFF2C919C" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="671">et al</emphasis>
. (2016: 496)
</bibRefCitation>
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(checklist).
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F6780046DA838441FEA59444" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="674" pageId="8" pageNumber="671" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="970D8122F6780045DA838441FE8C906B" blockId="8.[160,1156,1286,1728]" box="[160,276,1286,1312]" pageId="8" pageNumber="671">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6780045DA838441FE8C906B" bold="true" box="[160,276,1286,1312]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="671">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F6780046DA83846DFEA59444" blockId="8.[160,1156,1286,1728]" lastBlockId="11.[160,1156,142,271]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="674" pageId="8" pageNumber="671">
Major specimens of
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F6780045DBAE846DFD919008" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1819" box="[397,521,1322,1347]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ascanius">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6780045DBAE846DFD919008" box="[397,521,1322,1347]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="671">B. ascanius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resemble
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F6780045D8A5846DFC859008" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1937" box="[646,797,1322,1347]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevipennis">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6780045D8A5846DFC859008" box="[646,797,1322,1347]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="671">B. laevipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the large and robust body, pronotum mostly dark and reddish elytra, besides the pronotal sides surrounded with minute punctures in male. However,
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F6780045D8638428FD2F90C3" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1819" box="[576,695,1391,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ascanius">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6780045D8638428FD2F90C3" box="[576,695,1391,1416]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="671">B. ascanius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished by the following combination of characters: both sexes with visible elytral punctures; inner protarsal claw incised in male, and presence of a ventroapical process in the protarsomere 5 (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6780045D9CE84F2FBC09085" box="[1005,1112,1461,1486]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971575/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="671">Figure 11</figureCitation>
(a)); hemisternite fused (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6780045DBAB8490FE6E90BB" box="[392,502,1495,1520]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="24.[160,225,1320,1343]" captionTargetBox="[165,1145,148,1282]" captionTargetId="figure-93@24.[163,1153,142,1288]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 12. Spiculum gastrale: (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus cylindricus; (d) Bothynus deiphobus; (e) Bothynus laevipennis; (f) Bothynus fabius. hs = hemisternite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971577/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="671">Figure 12</figureCitation>
(a)); basal half of parameres with broadly rounded sides (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6780045DA8B84BDFE809358" box="[168,280,1530,1555]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="671">Figure 13</figureCitation>
(b)); female differs by a shallow and declivous cavity (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6780045D9BF84BDFB949358" box="[924,1036,1530,1555]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="31.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[166,1147,145,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-3@31.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 17. Laterodorsal view of female pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, e, g, I, k): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus laticifex; (e, f) Bothynus moroni sp. n.; (g, h) Bothynus nyx (arrow points to the posterior tubercle on pronotal cavity); (i, j) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (k, l) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971589/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="671">Figure 17</figureCitation>
(a)). Minor specimens of
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F6780045DB1C875AFE20937D" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1819" box="[319,440,1565,1590]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ascanius">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6780045DB1C875AFE20937D" box="[319,440,1565,1590]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="671">B. ascanius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be also confused with those of
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F6780045D97C875AFC75937D" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1937" box="[863,1005,1565,1590]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cylindricus">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6780045D97C875AFC75937D" box="[863,1005,1565,1590]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="671">B. cylindricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the small pronotal cavity, small punctures on elytra, and incised inner protarsal claw in male. Despite this,
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F6780045DB198725FE2F9330" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1819" box="[314,439,1634,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="671" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ascanius">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6780045DB198725FE2F9330" box="[314,439,1634,1659]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="671">B. ascanius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished by the following combination of characters: Stocky body (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F6780045DB6187C2FE3693D5" box="[322,430,1669,1694]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1523,1546]" captionTargetBox="[165,1149,145,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1491]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Male dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971559" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971559/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="671">Figures 3</figureCitation>
(b) and 15(b)) and interocular width equals 3.0–3.5 transverse eye diameters in both sexes; sides of male pronotum covered with minute punctures (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67B0046DA8B81C9FE9095EC" box="[168,264,142,167]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1524,1547]" captionTargetBox="[167,1149,143,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-3@20.[163,1153,142,1492]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Laterodorsal view of male pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, f, h, j, l): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus (black arrow points to posterior marginal rugosity); (e, f) Bothynus laevipennis; (g, h) Bothynus laticifex; (i, j) Bothynus nyx; (k, l) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971571/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Figure 9</figureCitation>
(b)); spicullum gastrale with medial branch smaller and broader compared to lateral ones (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67B0046DB1681F6FE399581" box="[309,417,177,202]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="24.[160,225,1320,1343]" captionTargetBox="[165,1145,148,1282]" captionTargetId="figure-93@24.[163,1153,142,1288]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 12. Spiculum gastrale: (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus cylindricus; (d) Bothynus deiphobus; (e) Bothynus laevipennis; (f) Bothynus fabius. hs = hemisternite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971577/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Figure 12</figureCitation>
(a)); female pronotum with no apparent concavity (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67B0046D9CC81F6FBC39581" box="[1007,1115,177,202]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="31.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[166,1147,145,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-3@31.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 17. Laterodorsal view of female pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, e, g, I, k): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus laticifex; (e, f) Bothynus moroni sp. n.; (g, h) Bothynus nyx (arrow points to the posterior tubercle on pronotal cavity); (i, j) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (k, l) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971589/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Figure 17</figureCitation>
(a)); pronotal sides with minute to small punctures, separated by 2–3 puncture diameters (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67B0046DA8B81B1FE8B9444" box="[168,275,246,271]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="31.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[166,1147,145,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-3@31.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 17. Laterodorsal view of female pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, e, g, I, k): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus laticifex; (e, f) Bothynus moroni sp. n.; (g, h) Bothynus nyx (arrow points to the posterior tubercle on pronotal cavity); (i, j) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (k, l) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971589/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Figure 17</figureCitation>
(b)).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF6790044DA8384AAFDEC9331" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971557" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14971557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971557/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="672" startId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" targetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="970D8122F6790044DA8384AAFDEC9331" blockId="9.[160,1155,1517,1658]" pageId="9" pageNumber="672">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6790044DA8384AAFF60934F" bold="true" box="[160,248,1517,1540]" pageId="9" pageNumber="672">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Types, with their respective labels on the right: (a)
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F6790044D8F884AAFB9D934F" authority="(Kirby, 1819)" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1819" box="[731,1029,1517,1540]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ascanius">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6790044D8F884AAFC1F934F" box="[731,903,1517,1540]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="672">Bothynus ascanius</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F6790044D9B284AAFC64934F" author="Kirby W" box="[913,1020,1517,1540]" pageId="9" pageNumber="672" pagination="375 - 482" refId="ref36444" refString="Kirby W. 1819. A description of several new species of insects collected in New Holand by Robert Brown. Trans Linn Soc London. 12: 375-482. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1817.tb00239.x." type="journal article" year="1819">Kirby, 1819</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
; (b)
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F6790044DE0E84AAFE079369" authority="(Fairmaire, 1878)" authorityName="Duarte and Grossi" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="Fairmaire" baseAuthorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cribrarius">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6790044DE0E84AAFF6E9369" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="672">Bothynus cribrarius</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F6790044DB22874CFE0E9369" author="Fairmaire L" box="[257,406,1547,1570]" pageId="9" pageNumber="672" pagination="260 - 270" refId="ref36088" refString="Fairmaire L. 1878. Description de coleopteres nouveaux d'Amerique. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquee, Series. 3 (6): 260-270." type="journal article" year="1878">Fairmaire, 1878</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
; (c)
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F6790044DBE5874CFC849369" authority="(Burmeister, 1847)" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[454,796,1547,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyclops">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6790044DBE5874CFDFD9369" box="[454,613,1547,1570]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="672">Bothynus cyclops</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F6790044D853874CFC8C9369" author="Burmeister H" box="[624,788,1547,1570]" pageId="9" pageNumber="672" refId="ref35758" refString="Burmeister H. 1847. Handbuch der Entomologie. Coleoptera Lamellicornia, Xylophila et Pectinicornia, Berlin, Germany: Band V. Enslin." type="book" year="1847">Burmeister, 1847</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
; (d)
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F6790044D965874CFBE69369" authority="Arrow, 1937" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1937" box="[838,1150,1547,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cylindricus">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6790044D965874CFB9B9369" box="[838,1027,1547,1570]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="672">Bothynus cylindricus</emphasis>
Arrow, 1937
</taxonomicName>
; (e)
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F6790044DAE2876FFDA59374" authority="(Burmeister, 1847)" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[193,573,1576,1599]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deiphobus">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6790044DAE2876FFE189374" box="[193,384,1576,1599]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="672">Bothynus deiphobus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F6790044DBAD876FFDAC9374" author="Burmeister H" box="[398,564,1576,1599]" pageId="9" pageNumber="672" refId="ref35758" refString="Burmeister H. 1847. Handbuch der Entomologie. Coleoptera Lamellicornia, Xylophila et Pectinicornia, Berlin, Germany: Band V. Enslin." type="book" year="1847">Burmeister, 1847</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
; (f)
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F6790044D845876FFC349374" authority="Arrow, 1937" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1937" box="[614,940,1576,1599]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevipennis">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6790044D845876FFCB59374" box="[614,813,1576,1599]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="672">Bothynus laevipennis</emphasis>
Arrow, 1937
</taxonomicName>
; (g)
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F6790044D9FE876FFEDA9317" authority="Burmeister, 1847" authorityName="Burmeister Inner" authorityYear="1847" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticifex">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6790044D9FE876FFB1B9374" box="[989,1155,1576,1599]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="672">Bothynus laticifex</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F6790044DA838702FEDA9317" author="Burmeister H" box="[160,322,1605,1628]" pageId="9" pageNumber="672" refId="ref35758" refString="Burmeister H. 1847. Handbuch der Entomologie. Coleoptera Lamellicornia, Xylophila et Pectinicornia, Berlin, Germany: Band V. Enslin." type="book" year="1847">Burmeister, 1847</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; (h)
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F6790044DB4C8702FD0F9317" authority="Steinheil, 1872" authorityName="Steinheil" authorityYear="1872" box="[367,663,1605,1628]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6790044DB4C8702FD9B9317" box="[367,515,1605,1628]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="672">Bothynus minor</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F6790044D8298702FD0F9317" author="Steinheil E" box="[522,663,1605,1628]" pageId="9" pageNumber="672" pagination="554 - 578" refId="ref37021" refString="Steinheil E. 1872. Symbolae ad historiam Coleopterorum Argentinae meridionalis, ossia enumerazione dei coleotteri raccolti dal Prof. Strobel, durante il suo soggiorno in Buenos Aires e nei viaggi de la intrapresi a Mendoza e nal Chili, indi a Bahia Blanca ed al Carmen de los Patagones; e descrizione delle specie nuove. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali. 15: 554-578." type="journal article" year="1872">Steinheil, 1872</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; (i)
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F6790044D89E8702FC509317" authority="Ratcliffe, 2010" authorityName="Ratcliffe" authorityYear="2010" box="[701,968,1605,1628]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nyx">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6790044D89E8702FCA39317" box="[701,827,1605,1628]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="672">Bothynus nyx</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F6790044D9628702FC509317" author="Ratcliffe BC" box="[833,968,1605,1628]" pageId="9" pageNumber="672" pagination="105 - 108" refId="ref36837" refString="Ratcliffe BC. 2010. A new bolivian Bothynus Hope, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini), with a key to the species in Bolivia. The Coleopt Bull. 64: 105-108. doi:10.1649/072. 064.0201." type="journal article" year="2010">Ratcliffe, 2010</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; (j)
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F6790044D9CD8702FEDB9331" authority="(Fairmaire, 1878)" baseAuthorityName="Fairmaire" baseAuthorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabius">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6790044D9CD8702FB1B9317" box="[1006,1155,1605,1628]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="672">Bothynus fabius</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F6790044DA868724FEA39331" author="Fairmaire L" box="[165,315,1635,1658]" pageId="9" pageNumber="672" pagination="260 - 270" refId="ref36088" refString="Fairmaire L. 1878. Description de coleopteres nouveaux d'Amerique. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquee, Series. 3 (6): 260-270." type="journal article" year="1878">Fairmaire, 1878</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
; (k)
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F6790044DB4E8724FDF79331" authority="Hardy, 2017" authorityName="Hardy" authorityYear="2017" box="[365,623,1635,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="672" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thrix">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F6790044DB4E8724FE6C9331" box="[365,500,1635,1658]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="672">Bothynus thrix</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F6790044DBD88724FDF79331" author="Hardy M" box="[507,623,1635,1658]" pageId="9" pageNumber="672" pagination="141 - 145" refId="ref36280" refString="Hardy M. 2017. Description of a new species of Bothynus Hope from Argentina and Bolivia (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae). Zootaxa. 4362 (1): 141-145. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4362.1.9." type="journal article" year="2017">Hardy, 2017</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="C3CDD1AAF67A0047DA8384B4FEB79329" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971559" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14971559" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971559/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="673" startId="10.[160,225,1523,1546]" targetBox="[165,1149,145,1478]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="970D8122F67A0047DA8384B4FEB79329" blockId="10.[160,1155,1523,1634]" pageId="10" pageNumber="673">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67A0047DA8384B4FF679341" bold="true" box="[160,255,1523,1546]" pageId="10" pageNumber="673">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Male dorsal habitus: (a)
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F67A0047D82084B4FD539341" authorityName="Duarte &amp; Dupuis &amp; Grossi" authorityYear="2025" box="[515,715,1523,1546]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arriagadae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67A0047D82084B4FD539341" box="[515,715,1523,1546]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="673">Bothynus arriagadae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67A0047D8F584B4FC8B9341" bold="true" box="[726,787,1523,1546]" pageId="10" pageNumber="673">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BEF5E04BF67A0047D8F584B4FC8B9341" box="[726,787,1523,1546]" pageId="10" pageNumber="673" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; (b)
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F67A0047D96B84B4FC629341" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1819" box="[840,1018,1523,1546]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ascanius">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67A0047D96B84B4FC629341" box="[840,1018,1523,1546]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="673">Bothynus ascanius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; (c)
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F67A0047DE0F84B4FF6E936C" authorityName="Duarte and Grossi" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="Fairmaire" baseAuthorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cribrarius">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67A0047DE0F84B4FF6E936C" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="673">Bothynus cribrarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; (d)
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F67A0047DB058757FE50936C" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[294,456,1552,1575]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyclops">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67A0047DB058757FE50936C" box="[294,456,1552,1575]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="673">Bothynus cyclops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; (e)
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F67A0047DBD58757FD2E936C" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1937" box="[502,694,1552,1575]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cylindricus">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67A0047DBD58757FD2E936C" box="[502,694,1552,1575]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="673">Bothynus cylindricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; (f)
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F67A0047D8FC8757FC06936C" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[735,926,1552,1575]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deiphobus">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67A0047D8FC8757FC06936C" box="[735,926,1552,1575]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="673">Bothynus deiphobus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; (g)
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F67A0047D9ED8757FBC4936C" authorityName="Duarte &amp; Dupuis &amp; Grossi" authorityYear="2025" box="[974,1116,1552,1575]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gisae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67A0047D9ED8757FBC4936C" box="[974,1116,1552,1575]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="673">Bothynus gisae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67A0047DE468757FF2C930E" bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="673">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BEF5E04BF67A0047DE468757FF2C930E" pageId="10" pageNumber="673" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; (h)
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F67A0047DACB8769FE29930E" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1937" box="[232,433,1582,1605]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevipennis">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67A0047DACB8769FE29930E" box="[232,433,1582,1605]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="673">Bothynus laevipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; (i)
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F67A0047DBFD8769FD1E930E" authorityName="Burmeister Inner" authorityYear="1847" box="[478,646,1582,1605]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticifex">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67A0047DBFD8769FD1E930E" box="[478,646,1582,1605]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="673">Bothynus laticifex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; (j)
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F67A0047D8908769FCD3930E" authorityName="Steinheil" authorityYear="1872" box="[691,843,1582,1605]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67A0047D8908769FCD3930E" box="[691,843,1582,1605]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="673">Bothynus minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; (k)
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F67A0047D95D8769FB98930E" authorityName="Ratcliffe" authorityYear="2010" box="[894,1024,1582,1605]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nyx">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67A0047D95D8769FB98930E" box="[894,1024,1582,1605]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="673">Bothynus nyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; (l)
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F67A0047DE0E8769FF779329" authorityName="Duarte &amp; Dupuis &amp; Grossi" authorityYear="2025" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ovalatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67A0047DE0E8769FF779329" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="673">Bothynus ovalatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BEF5E04BF67A0047DAD5870CFEB79329" box="[246,303,1611,1634]" pageId="10" pageNumber="673" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F67B0041DA83807CFEA691F3" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="675" pageId="11" pageNumber="674" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="970D8122F67B0046DA83807CFEDC941E" blockId="11.[160,1155,315,480]" box="[160,324,315,341]" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67B0046DA83807CFEDC941E" bold="true" box="[160,324,315,341]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Type material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F67B0046DA838018FE3E94AB" blockId="11.[160,1155,315,480]" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">
<typeStatus id="48093F80F67B0046DA838018FE979433" box="[160,271,351,376]" pageId="11" pageNumber="674" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
male, labelled: (a) ‘
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67B0046DBCF8018FDC19433" box="[492,601,351,376]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F67B0046DBCF8018FDD69433" authorityName="Hope" authorityYear="1837" box="[492,590,351,376]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="674" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bothynus</taxonomicName>
/
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F67B0046D87A8018FD679433" authority=", Kirby" authorityName="Kirby" box="[601,767,351,376]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="674" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ascanius">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67B0046D87A8018FD2F9433" box="[601,695,351,376]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">ascanius</emphasis>
, Kirby
</taxonomicName>
/Type/G.J.Arrow det’. [partly handwritten]; (b) ‘TYPE COL: 646/
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67B0046DBF580C6FD5894D1" box="[470,704,385,410]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F67B0046DBF580C6FDC994D1" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[470,593,385,410]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scarabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="674" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Scarabaeus</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F67B0046D87880C6FD2E94D1" box="[603,694,385,410]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="674" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ascanius">ascanius</taxonomicName>
/
</emphasis>
Kirby/HOPE DEPT.OXFORD’ [partly handwritten, inscribed in a black border rectangle]; (c)
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F67B0046D8CC80E3FCC094F6" box="[751,856,420,445]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="674" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ascanius">‘ascanius</taxonomicName>
/K.L.Jr./Brazi’ [handwritten]
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67B0046DA838080FE8994AB" bold="true" box="[160,273,455,480]" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F67B0046DA848080FE9394AB" box="[167,267,455,480]" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">OUMNH</collectionCode>
)
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67B0046DB038080FEE594AB" box="[288,381,455,480]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,146,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-3@9.[163,1153,142,1486]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 2. Types,with their respective labels on the right: (a) Bothynus ascanius (Kirby,1819); (b) Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire, 1878); (c) Bothynus cyclops (Burmeister, 1847); (d) Bothynus cylindricus Arrow, 1937; (e) Bothynus deiphobus (Burmeister, 1847); (f) Bothynus laevipennis Arrow, 1937; (g) Bothynus laticifex Burmeister, 1847; (h) Bothynus minor Steinheil, 1872; (i) Bothynus nyx Ratcliffe, 2010; (j) Bothynus fabius (Fairmaire, 1878); (k) Bothynus thrix Hardy, 2017." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971557/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(a)).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F67B0046DA83834CFE1F976E" blockId="11.[160,1157,523,965]" box="[160,391,523,549]" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67B0046DA83834CFE1F976E" bold="true" box="[160,391,523,549]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Additional material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F67B0046DA838368FCF1968E" blockId="11.[160,1157,523,965]" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">
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<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67B0046DA838368FE3E9703" bold="true" box="[160,422,559,584]" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F67B0046DA838368FEAA9703" box="[160,306,559,584]" name="Argentina" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">ARGENTINA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F67B0046DB1C8368FE3E9703" box="[319,422,559,584]" country="Argentina" name="Cordoba" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Córdoba</collectingRegion>
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:
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,
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F67B0046D8608368FDF09703" box="[579,616,559,584]" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Km</collectorName>
6,
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.xi.2005, P.
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F67B0046D90F8368FCF59703" box="[812,877,559,584]" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Smith</collectorName>
leg. –
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,
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(
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.
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<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67B0046DB258315FEF59720" bold="true" box="[262,365,594,619]" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F67B0046DB258315FEF59720" box="[262,365,594,619]" country="Argentina" name="Cordoba" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Córdoba</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
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,
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,
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.ii.2009, F.C. Ocampo leg. –
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.
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<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F67B0046DA838333FF6397C6" box="[160,251,628,653]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F67B0046DB2D8333FE2A97C6" box="[270,434,628,653]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F67B0046DBE48333FD0697C6" box="[455,670,628,653]" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Vila Monte Verde</collectorName>
, 21.xi.19661. –
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(
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</materialsCitation>
.
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<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67B0046DE0B8333FBE597C6" bold="true" box="[1064,1149,628,653]" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F67B0046DE0B8333FBE597C6" box="[1064,1149,628,653]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Paraná</collectingRegion>
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:
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,
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.x.1986 –
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(
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<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F67B0046D8B583D0FD7397FB" box="[662,747,663,688]" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Pinhais</collectorName>
,
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.xi.2008, F.
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F67B0046D98183D0FC4B97FB" box="[930,979,663,688]" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Dias</collectorName>
leg. –
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(
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);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF67B0046DB2083FDFEC897BE" collectionCode="CERPE" collectorName="Piraquara" country="Brazil" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Mananciais da Serra" pageId="11" pageNumber="674" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F67B0046DB2083FDFEE89798" box="[259,368,698,723]" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Piraquara</collectorName>
,
<location id="926DD7F9F67B0046DB5883FDFDC79798" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F1B3034F6780040DBEA83F2FE2294D1:926DD7F9F67B0046DB5883FDFDC79798" box="[379,607,698,723]" country="Brazil" name="Mananciais da Serra" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Mananciais da Serra</location>
,
<date id="E30CA7E2F67B0046D84983FDFD1E9798" box="[618,646,698,723]" pageId="11" pageNumber="674" value="2007-10-17">17</date>
.x.2007,
<quantity id="504A2CC7F67B0046D8C283FDFCA09798" box="[737,824,698,723]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="674" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
, luz, Grossi and Caron legs. –
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF67B0046DA83839BFF7497BE" box="[160,236,732,757]" count="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="674" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F67B0046DADA839BFEDF97BE" box="[249,327,732,757]" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">CERPE</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF67B0046DB75839BFEAF9653" collectionCode="CERPE" collectorName="Tibagi &amp; Fazenda Sao Damasio" country="Brazil" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Parizotto" municipality="Grossi" pageId="11" pageNumber="674" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F67B0046DB75839BFE0597BE" box="[342,413,732,757]" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Tibagi</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F67B0046DB8B839BFD3997BE" box="[424,673,732,757]" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Fazenda São Damásio</collectorName>
,
<date id="E30CA7E2F67B0046D888839BFD5197BE" box="[683,713,732,757]" pageId="11" pageNumber="674" value="2008-02-04">04</date>
.ii.2008, P.
<collectingMunicipality id="77691B58F67B0046D91E839BFC1997BE" box="[829,897,732,757]" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Grossi</collectingMunicipality>
and
<location id="926DD7F9F67B0046D998839BFB8797BE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F1B3034F6780040DBEA83F2FE2294D1:926DD7F9F67B0046D998839BFB8797BE" box="[955,1055,732,757]" country="Brazil" municipality="Grossi" name="Parizotto" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Parizotto</location>
legs. –
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF67B0046DE56839BFF4F9653" count="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="674" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F67B0046DAC783B8FEAA9653" box="[228,306,767,792]" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">CERPE</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF67B0046DB6083B8FF609670" collectionCode="CERPE" collectorName="Itatiaia" country="Brazil" location="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="11" pageNumber="674" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67B0046DB6083B8FE699653" bold="true" box="[323,497,767,792]" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F67B0046DB6083B8FE699653" box="[323,497,767,792]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F67B0046DBDD83B8FDD49653" box="[510,588,767,792]" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Itatiaia</collectorName>
,
<date id="E30CA7E2F67B0046D87B83B8FDFF9653" box="[600,615,767,792]" pageId="11" pageNumber="674" value="2018-03">iii</date>
.2018, Paulo Duarte and Gisele legs. –
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF67B0046DE0283B8FB1B9653" box="[1057,1155,767,792]" count="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="674" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F67B0046DA868265FF6B9670" box="[165,243,802,827]" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">CERPE</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF67B0046DB268265FC679616" collectionCode="CERPE, DZUP" collectorName="Parque Nacional Sao Joaquim" country="Brazil" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Urubici" pageId="11" pageNumber="674" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Santa Catarina">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67B0046DB268265FE219670" bold="true" box="[261,441,802,827]" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F67B0046DB268265FE219670" box="[261,441,802,827]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<location id="926DD7F9F67B0046DBEA8265FD849670" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F1B3034F6780040DBEA83F2FE2294D1:926DD7F9F67B0046DBEA8265FD849670" box="[457,540,802,827]" country="Brazil" name="Urubici" pageId="11" pageNumber="674" stateProvince="Santa Catarina">Urubici</location>
,
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F67B0046D80A8265FC1C9670" box="[553,900,802,827]" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Parque Nacional São Joaquim</collectorName>
,
<date id="E30CA7E2F67B0046D9B28265FC4F9670" box="[913,983,802,827]" pageId="11" pageNumber="674" value="2012-03-16" valueMax="2012-03-19" valueMin="2012-03-16">16–19</date>
.iii.2012,
<location id="926DD7F9F67B0046DE198265FB199670" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F1B3034F6780040DBEA83F2FE2294D1:926DD7F9F67B0046DE198265FB199670" box="[1082,1153,802,827]" country="Brazil" name="Grossi" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Grossi</location>
,
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F67B0046DA838203FE9C9616" box="[160,260,836,861]" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Parizotto</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F67B0046DB188203FEE79616" box="[315,383,836,861]" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Leivas</collectorName>
legs. –
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF67B0046DBF18203FD869616" box="[466,542,836,861]" count="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="674" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF67B0046D80B8203FD1F9616" box="[552,647,836,861]" count="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="674" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F67B0046D8B18203FD789616" box="[658,736,836,861]" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">CERPE</collectionCode>
); no data –
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF67B0046D97E8203FC3F9616" box="[861,935,836,861]" count="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="674" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F67B0046D9908203FC619616" box="[947,1017,836,861]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="11" pageNumber="674" type="University or college">DZUP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF67B0046DE2B8203FE4196E8" collectionCode="CERPE" collectorName="Lajeado" country="Brazil" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Serra da Bocaina" municipality="Sao Joao do Barreiro" pageId="11" pageNumber="674" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="18" specimenCount-male="26" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67B0046DE2B8203FBE69616" bold="true" box="[1032,1150,836,861]" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F67B0046DE2B8203FBE69616" box="[1032,1150,836,861]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="77691B58F67B0046DA838220FE0896CB" box="[160,400,871,896]" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">São João do Barreiro</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="926DD7F9F67B0046DBBF8220FDC696CB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F1B3034F6780040DBEA83F2FE2294D1:926DD7F9F67B0046DBBF8220FDC696CB" box="[412,606,871,896]" country="Brazil" municipality="Sao Joao do Barreiro" name="Serra da Bocaina" pageId="11" pageNumber="674" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">Serra da Bocaina</location>
,
<date id="E30CA7E2F67B0046D84A8220FD3996CB" box="[617,673,871,896]" pageId="11" pageNumber="674" value="2016-02-09" valueMax="2016-02-10" valueMin="2016-02-09">9–10</date>
.ii.2016,
<quantity id="504A2CC7F67B0046D8DF8220FCCC96CB" box="[764,852,871,896]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.54" pageId="11" pageNumber="674" unit="m" value="1540.0">1540 m</quantity>
, luz, C. G. Mielke leg. –
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF67B0046DE4B8220FF7C96E8" count="26" pageId="11" pageNumber="674" type="male">26 males</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF67B0046DAD082CDFEE996E8" box="[243,369,906,931]" count="18" pageId="11" pageNumber="674" type="female">18 females</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F67B0046DBA182CDFE4896E8" box="[386,464,906,931]" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">CERPE</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="27DA8B7FF67B0046DBC782CDFCFE968E" collectionCode="CERPE" collectorName="Lajeado" country="Brazil" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Cachoeira do Paredao" municipality="Sao Jose do Barreiro" pageId="11" pageNumber="674" specimenCount="44" specimenCount-female="18" specimenCount-male="26">
<collectingMunicipality id="77691B58F67B0046DBC782CDFD4096E8" box="[484,728,906,931]" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">São José do Barreiro</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectorName id="3A47E4F4F67B0046D8C482CDFCDA96E8" box="[743,834,906,931]" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Lajeado</collectorName>
,
<location id="926DD7F9F67B0046D97382CDFBCC96E8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F1B3034F6780040DBEA83F2FE2294D1:926DD7F9F67B0046D97382CDFBCC96E8" box="[848,1108,906,931]" country="Brazil" municipality="Sao Jose do Barreiro" name="Cachoeira do Paredao" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Cachoeira do Paredão</location>
,
<date id="E30CA7E2F67B0046DE4182CDFB1896E8" box="[1122,1152,906,931]" pageId="11" pageNumber="674" value="2010-12-17">17</date>
. xii.2010, L. L.
<location id="926DD7F9F67B0046DB1682EBFE1B968E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F1B3034F6780040DBEA83F2FE2294D1:926DD7F9F67B0046DB1682EBFE1B968E" box="[309,387,940,965]" country="Brazil" name="Dumas" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Dumas</location>
and J. L.
<location id="926DD7F9F67B0046DBCE82EBFDC7968E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F1B3034F6780040DBEA83F2FE2294D1:926DD7F9F67B0046DBCE82EBFDC7968E" box="[493,607,940,965]" country="Brazil" name="Nessimian" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Nessimian</location>
legs. –
<specimenCount id="81B44AABF67B0046D89582EBFC94968E" box="[694,780,940,965]" count="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="674" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="F1A319E7F67B0046D93982EBFCF8968E" box="[794,864,940,965]" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">CEMT</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F67B0046DA8382B6FD8D9140" blockId="11.[160,1156,1009,1728]" box="[160,533,1009,1035]" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67B0046DA8382B6FD8D9140" bold="true" box="[160,533,1009,1035]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">
Male redescription (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67B0046DBAF82B6FE749140" box="[396,492,1009,1035]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1523,1546]" captionTargetBox="[165,1149,145,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1491]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Male dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971559" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971559/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Figure 3</figureCitation>
(b))
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F67B0041DA838552FC939799" blockId="11.[160,1156,1009,1728]" lastBlockId="12.[160,1156,142,722]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="675" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67B0046DA838552FF739165" box="[160,235,1045,1070]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Length</emphasis>
:
<quantity id="504A2CC7F67B0046DAD58552FE0C9165" box="[246,404,1045,1070]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.565" metricValueMax="3.08" metricValueMin="2.05" pageId="11" pageNumber="674" unit="mm" value="25.65" valueMax="30.8" valueMin="20.5">20.5–30.8 mm</quantity>
.
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67B0046DBBE8552FE469165" box="[413,478,1045,1070]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Width</emphasis>
:
<quantity id="504A2CC7F67B0046DBCB8552FD1F9165" box="[488,647,1045,1070]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="2.11" metricValueMin="1.09" pageId="11" pageNumber="674" unit="mm" value="16.0" valueMax="21.1" valueMin="10.9">10.9–21.1 mm</quantity>
.
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67B0046D8B38552FD4F9165" box="[656,727,1045,1070]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Colour</emphasis>
: Head, pronotum, tibiae and tarsi dark; other parts dark reddish.
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67B0046DB978570FE75911B" box="[436,493,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Head</emphasis>
: Clypeus subtrapezoidal (posterior from 2.7–3.0 times wider than anterior); lateral margins regularly convergent; anterior teeth transverse, usually lobed (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67B0046DAD5853AFEC391DD" box="[246,347,1149,1174]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="17.[160,225,1164,1187]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,152,1129]" captionTargetId="figure-91@17.[163,1153,142,1132]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 6. Dorsal view of clypeus (a, c, e), detail of the anterior teeth of clypeus (b, d, f): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus Moroni sp. n; (e, f) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n. Red arrows point to presence of longitudinal carina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971565/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Figure 6</figureCitation>
(a,b)); surface coarsely rugopunctate, glabrous. Frontoclypeal carina strongly marked. Frons coarsely rugose, scarcely setose. Interocular width equals 3.0–3.5 transverse eye diameters.
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67B0046DBE88585FDD19190" box="[459,585,1218,1243]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Mouthparts</emphasis>
: Mandibular outer margin bearing 3 teeth; apical and medial teeth strong, flattened, transversely arranged, slightly back produced, separated by a deep notch; apical tooth usually obliquely truncated; medial and basal teeth lobed; basal tooth smaller than other ones. Maxillary galea with 3 pointed teeth arranged on apex (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67B0046DB29840AFEF0902D" box="[266,360,1357,1382]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[160,225,1537,1560]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,147,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-25@18.[163,1153,142,1506]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Ventral view of left maxilla: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (d) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. gl = galea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971567/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Figure 7</figureCitation>
(b)). Maxillary palpomere 4 oval, slightly flattened dorsoventrally, bearing a broad sensorial spot produced to apical half. Labium subtriangular.
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67B0046D9F98428FBDA90C3" box="[986,1090,1391,1416]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Antennae</emphasis>
: Club nearly 1.8 times longer than antennomeres 3–7 combined.
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67B0046D96984D5FC2D90E0" box="[842,949,1426,1451]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Prothorax</emphasis>
: Pronotal anterior tubercle strong, conical, sometimes rounded apically; cavity broadly rounded, deep in major males (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67B0046DB638490FE3890BB" box="[320,416,1495,1520]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="19.[160,225,878,901]" captionTargetBox="[168,1150,145,844]" captionTargetId="figure-246@19.[163,1153,142,847]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 8. Dorsal view of male pronotum: (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cylindricus; (c) Bothynus nyx; (d) Bothynus robustus sp. n. pc = pronotal cavity." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971569" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971569/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Figure 8</figureCitation>
(a)), shallow and narrow in minor males; lateral margins poorly visible, nearly completely hidden by the lateral edges of pronotum; cavity surface transversely rugose; lateral area near margins with large, deep, contiguous punctures, becoming minute to posterior disc (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67B0046DBD38778FDD79313" box="[496,591,1599,1624]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1524,1547]" captionTargetBox="[167,1149,143,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-3@20.[163,1153,142,1492]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Laterodorsal view of male pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, f, h, j, l): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus (black arrow points to posterior marginal rugosity); (e, f) Bothynus laevipennis; (g, h) Bothynus laticifex; (i, j) Bothynus nyx; (k, l) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971571/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Figure 9</figureCitation>
(a, b)); transverse area near posterior margin with large, coalescent, C-shaped punctures.
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67B0046D87B8725FD4F9330" box="[600,727,1634,1659]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="674">Pterothorax</emphasis>
: Scutellar plate usually smooth, rarely with scarce punctures. Elytral striae shallow, covered by small, ocellate punctures, separated by about 1–2 puncture diameters; interstriae with punctures from minute to small, irregularly scattered. Metaventrite densely setose.
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67C0041D8D881C9FCB495EC" box="[763,812,142,167]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">Legs</emphasis>
: Inner protarsal claw deeply incised, with outer branch narrower and more pointed than inner one (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67C0041D9CE81F6FBC09581" box="[1005,1112,177,202]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1139,1162]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,146,1104]" captionTargetId="figure-104@23.[163,1153,142,1107]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11. Inner view of the male protarsomere 5 and respective claws (a, b, d, e, g – i), frontal view of the male protarsal claws (c, f): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c, d) Bothynus cylindricus; (e, f) Bothynus laticifex; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothyhus laevipennis; (i) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (j) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (l) Bothynus fabius. Black arrows indicate the inner branch of the inner protarsal claw. ipc = inner protarsal claw, opc = outer protarsal claw, pt5 = protarsomere 5, vap = ventroapical process, vmp = ventromedial process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971575" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971575/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">Figure 11</figureCitation>
(a)). Tarsomere 5 with a small, triangular, subapical, ventrolateral process.
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67C0041D9888193FB8C95A6" box="[939,1044,212,237]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">Abdomen</emphasis>
: Tergite 7 with stridulatory apparatus formed by 1 band of numerous, transverse, barely marked striae confined on discal area. Tergite 8 slightly emarginate on anterior margin; surface densely rugopunctate on sides, with disc weakly punctate; setae scarce, transversely scattered on an area close to posterior margin. Sternites 4–7 with rugopunctate and dense setae on sides, disc with small setigerous punctures; sternite 8 densely punctate, glabrous, with setae confined on posterior margin.
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F67C0041D8CD80E3FC2A94F6" box="[750,946,420,445]" class="Insecta" family="Hapalopteridae" genus="Spiculum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caloneurodea" pageId="12" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gastrale">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67C0041D8CD80E3FC2A94F6" box="[750,946,420,445]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">Spiculum gastrale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Y-shaped; medial branch widely triangular at basis, shorter compared to lateral branches, rounded at apex (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67C0041DA8B80AEFE8D9749" box="[168,277,489,514]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="24.[160,225,1320,1343]" captionTargetBox="[165,1145,148,1282]" captionTargetId="figure-93@24.[163,1153,142,1288]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 12. Spiculum gastrale: (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus cylindricus; (d) Bothynus deiphobus; (e) Bothynus laevipennis; (f) Bothynus fabius. hs = hemisternite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971577/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">Figure 12</figureCitation>
(a)). Hemisternite in shape of an inverted triangle, with a transverse row of numerous setae on apical margin (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67C0041D814834BFD3D976E" box="[567,677,524,549]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="24.[160,225,1320,1343]" captionTargetBox="[165,1145,148,1282]" captionTargetId="figure-93@24.[163,1153,142,1288]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 12. Spiculum gastrale: (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cyclops; (c) Bothynus cylindricus; (d) Bothynus deiphobus; (e) Bothynus laevipennis; (f) Bothynus fabius. hs = hemisternite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971577/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">Figure 12</figureCitation>
(a)).
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67C0041D8FB834BFCD9976E" box="[728,833,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">Aedeagus</emphasis>
: Parameres, in caudal view, rounded laterally at basal half, strongly constricted lateroventrally at apical half; apical plates elongated, oval (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67C0041DB828316FD929721" box="[417,522,593,618]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1396,1419]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[163,1153,142,1364]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 13. Parameres in caudal (a–r) and frontal views (s, t): (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e, s) Bothynus cylindricus (arrows point to basal constriction); (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h) Bothynus laevipennis; (i, t) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus minor; (k) Bothynus nyx; (l) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n. (arrows point to contiguous basis of the apical lobes); (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n. (arrows point to the basal separation of the apical lobe); (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix. al = apical lobe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971579/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">Figure 13</figureCitation>
(b)); surface densely covered by longitudinal punctures at basal half, bearing numerous small tubercles irregularly arranged at sides of apical half. Parameres, in lateral view, arched dorsally, bearing a ventrobasal process, subapical surface deeply excavated, apex rounded (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67C0041D85583FEFD799799" box="[630,737,697,722]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[169,1150,145,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-61@26.[163,1153,142,1355]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Parameres in lateral view: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus cribrarius; (d) Bothynus cyclops; (e) Bothynus cylindricus; (f) Bothynus deiphobus; (g) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (h)Bothynus laevipennis;(i)Bothynus laticifex;(j) Bothynusminor; (k)Bothynus nyx;(l)Bothynus ovalatus sp.n.; (m) Bothynus robustus sp. n.; (n) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (o) Bothynus sapukai sp. n.; (p) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n.; (q) Bothynus fabius; (r) Bothynus thrix." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971581" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971581/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">Figure 14</figureCitation>
(b)).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F67C0041DA8383B9FDB09653" blockId="12.[160,1156,766,1208]" box="[160,552,766,792]" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67C0041DA8383B9FDB09653" bold="true" box="[160,552,766,792]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">
Female description (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67C0041DBB383B9FE669653" box="[400,510,766,792]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="27.[160,225,1472,1495]" captionTargetBox="[164,1148,148,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-33@27.[163,1153,142,1440]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 15. Female dorsal habitus: (a) Bothynus arriagadae sp. n.; (b) Bothynus ascanius; (c) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (d) Bothynus cribrarius; (e) Bothynus cyclops; (f) Bothynus cylindricus; (g) Bothynus deiphobus; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laevipennis; (j) Bothynus laticifex; (k) Bothynus minor; (l) Bothynus Moroni sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971583" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971583/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">Figure 15</figureCitation>
(b))
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F67C0041DA838266FEA691F3" blockId="12.[160,1156,766,1208]" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67C0041DA838266FEB89671" box="[160,288,801,826]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">Body length</emphasis>
:
<quantity id="504A2CC7F67C0041DB0F8266FE519671" box="[300,457,801,826]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6149999999999998" metricValueMax="2.96" metricValueMin="2.27" pageId="12" pageNumber="675" unit="mm" value="26.15" valueMax="29.6" valueMin="22.7">22.7–29.6 mm</quantity>
:
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67C0041DBF08266FDD39671" box="[467,587,801,826]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">Body width</emphasis>
: 13.0–
<quantity id="504A2CC7F67C0041D8B18266FD6D9671" box="[658,757,801,826]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="12" pageNumber="675" unit="mm" value="16.5">16.5 mm</quantity>
. Female is similar to male, except in the following aspects:
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67C0041DBBC8203FD9F9616" box="[415,519,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">Prothorax</emphasis>
: Pronotum weakly rounded laterally compared to male; anterior tubercle small or obsolete; cavity shallow, declivous, transversely rugose or rugopunctate on tubercle basis, bearing dense, large, deep, contiguous punctures towards posterior area; anterior pronotal corners densely rugopunctate; posterior sides covered by dense, large punctures on an area close to margins, becoming smaller, sparser about 2–3 puncture diameters apart towards disc; punctures on disc minute (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67C0041D9BD82B6FB929141" box="[926,1034,1009,1034]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="31.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[166,1147,145,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-3@31.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 17. Laterodorsal view of female pronotum (a, c, e, g, i, k), detail of the posterior sides (b, d, e, g, I, k): (a, b) Bothynus ascanius; (c, d) Bothynus laticifex; (e, f) Bothynus moroni sp. n.; (g, h) Bothynus nyx (arrow points to the posterior tubercle on pronotal cavity); (i, j) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (k, l) Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971589/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">Figure 17</figureCitation>
(a,b)).
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67C0041DE6C82B6FBE69141" box="[1103,1150,1009,1034]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">Legs</emphasis>
: Inner protarsal claw usually simple, rarely with a small, ventromedial lobe. Protarsomere 5 with no ventroapical process. Metafemur with ventral surface covered with deep, oval punctures; punctures spaced about 3–5 puncture diameters apart (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67C0041D9C6851EFBC29139" box="[997,1114,1113,1138]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="32.[160,225,1164,1187]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,145,1129]" captionTargetId="figure-113@32.[163,1153,142,1133]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 18. Ventral view of the meso- and metafemurs (a–c), metatibia and associated tarsi (d, e): (a) Bothynus ascanius; (b) Bothynus cribrarius; (c) Bothynus cylindricus; (d) Bothynus deiphobus (black arrow points to the elongated outer apex of the first tarsomere); (e) Bothynus fabius. msf = mesofemur, mtf = metafemur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971591/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">Figure 18</figureCitation>
(a)).
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67C0041DA83853BFE9F91DE" box="[160,263,1148,1173]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">Abdomen</emphasis>
: Tergite 8 nearly entirely covered by setae (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67C0041D8C6853BFCD591DE" box="[741,845,1148,1173]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="35.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,146,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-3@35.[163,1153,142,1496]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 19. Stridulatory striae on tergite 7 (a, b), tergite 8 of females in dorsal (c, d) and caudal views (e–l), respectively: (a, c) Bothynus deiphobus; (b, d) Bothynus fabius (black arrows point to the lateral excavations); (e) Bothynus ascanius; (f) Bothynus bentoi sp. n.; (g) Bothynus cyclops; (h) Bothynus gisae sp. n.; (i) Bothynus laticifex; (j) Bothynus ovalatus sp. n.; (k) Bothynus rufipennis sp. n.; (l) Bothynus sapukai sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971593/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">Figure 19</figureCitation>
(e)). Sternite 8 weakly setose on discal area.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F67C0041DA8385A4FC0E90C3" pageId="12" pageNumber="675" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="970D8122F67C0041DA8385A4FEB491B6" blockId="12.[160,1156,1251,1416]" box="[160,300,1251,1277]" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67C0041DA8385A4FEB491B6" bold="true" box="[160,300,1251,1277]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F67C0041DA838440FC0E90C3" blockId="12.[160,1156,1251,1416]" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F67C0041DA838440FE95906B" box="[160,269,1287,1312]" name="Argentina" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F67C0041DB3B8440FEE2906B" box="[280,378,1287,1312]" country="Argentina" name="Cordoba" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">Córdoba</collectingRegion>
) and
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F67C0041DB978440FE77906B" box="[436,495,1287,1312]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F67C0041DBD98440FD10906B" box="[506,648,1287,1312]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F67C0041D8B38440FD46906B" box="[656,734,1287,1312]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">Paraná</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F67C0041D8C68440FC18906B" box="[741,896,1287,1312]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F67C0041D9AB8440FBBE906B" box="[904,1062,1287,1312]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F67C0041DE788440FF479008" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
) (
<figureCitation id="0F899DA7F67C0041DAD4846DFEF99008" box="[247,353,1322,1347]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="49.[160,225,1599,1622]" captionTargetBox="[167,1150,145,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-3@49.[163,1153,142,1567]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Figure 23. Known geographical distribution of Bothynus ascanius, Bothynus laevipennis, Bothynus Moroni sp. n., Bothynus nyx, Bothynus robustus sp. n., and Bothynus scutellopunctatus sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14971601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14971601/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">Figure 23</figureCitation>
). Historically, the distribution of
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F67C0041D8FA846DFCCB9008" box="[729,851,1322,1347]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ascanius">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67C0041D8FA846DFCCB9008" box="[729,851,1322,1347]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">B. ascanius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was known only from
<collectingRegion id="55764FC0F67C0041DE43846DFEE3902E" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">Rio Grande do Sul state</collectingRegion>
, South
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F67C0041DBE8840BFD9E902E" box="[459,518,1356,1381]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F67C0041D831840BFD3E902E" author="Endrodi S" box="[530,678,1356,1381]" pageId="12" pageNumber="675" refId="ref36068" refString="Endrodi S. 1985. The Dynastinae of the world. La Haye, Netherlands: W. Junk." type="book" year="1985">Endrödi 1985</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F67C0041D892840BFCED902E" author="Abadie EI &amp; Grossi PC &amp; Wagner PS" box="[689,885,1356,1381]" pageId="12" pageNumber="675" refId="ref35568" refString="Abadie EI, Grossi PC, Wagner PS. 2008. A field guide of the Dynastidae family of the south of South America. Buenos Aires: Design &amp; Digital edition Javier Canete." type="book" year="2008">
Abadie
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67C0041D926840BFCAC902E" box="[773,820,1356,1381]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">et al</emphasis>
. 2008
</bibRefCitation>
). Recently,
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F67C0041D9D2840BFF7D90C3" author="Ratcliffe BC &amp; Cave RD &amp; Le Tirant S" pageId="12" pageNumber="675" pagination="1 - 486" refId="ref36941" refString="Ratcliffe BC, Cave RD, Le Tirant S. 2023. The dynastine scarab beetles of Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae). Bulletin Univer Nebraska State Museum. 34: 1-486." type="journal article" year="2023">
Ratcliffe
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67C0041DE6C840BFBE6902E" box="[1103,1150,1356,1381]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">et al</emphasis>
. (2023)
</bibRefCitation>
provided records of
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F67C0041DBEF8428FDDA90C3" box="[460,578,1391,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ascanius">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67C0041DBEF8428FDDA90C3" box="[460,578,1391,1416]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">B. ascanius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F67C0041D8A68428FD6A90C3" box="[645,754,1391,1416]" name="Argentina" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">Argentina</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="EFA5C1B2F67C0041D9098428FC0A90C3" box="[810,914,1391,1416]" name="Paraguay" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DFA8D2A9F67C0040DA8384F3FE2294D1" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="676" pageId="12" pageNumber="675" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="970D8122F67C0041DA8384F3FE9E9085" blockId="12.[160,1156,1460,1728]" box="[160,262,1460,1486]" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67C0041DA8384F3FE9E9085" bold="true" box="[160,262,1460,1486]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="970D8122F67C0040DA838490FE2294D1" blockId="12.[160,1156,1460,1728]" lastBlockId="13.[160,1156,142,410]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="676" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F67C0041DA838490FEA990BB" author="Hope FW" box="[160,305,1495,1520]" pageId="12" pageNumber="675" refId="ref36378" refString="Hope FW. 1837. Coleopterist's manual, containing the lamellicorn insects of linneus and fabricius. United Kingdom, Londres: Henry G. Bohn; p. 121." type="journal volume" year="1837">Hope (1837)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F67C0041DB9B8490FD8690BB" authorityName="Hope" authorityYear="1837" box="[440,542,1495,1520]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67C0041DB9B8490FD8690BB" box="[440,542,1495,1520]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">Bothynus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and included two species in this genus:
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F67C0041DE378490FE239358" authority="Fabricius 1801" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1801" class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Geotrupes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuniculus">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67C0041DE378490FE9F9358" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">Geotrupes cuniculus</emphasis>
Fabricius 1801
</taxonomicName>
[currently
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F67C0041D86284BDFC6A9358" authority="(Fabricius, 1801)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[577,1010,1530,1555]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Anagrylius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuniculus">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67C0041D86284BDFCB09358" box="[577,808,1530,1555]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">Anagrylius cuniculus</emphasis>
(Fabricius, 1801)
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F67C0041DE1B84BDFE2B937D" author="Lopes-Garcia MM &amp; Deloya C" pageId="12" pageNumber="675" refId="ref36615" refString="Lopes-Garcia MM, Deloya C. 2022. Cladistic analysis reveals polyphyly of Tomarus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae): new classification and taxonomic revision. Zootaxa. 5211 (1): 001 - 119. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5211.1.1." type="journal volume" year="2022">Lópes-García and Deloya 2022</bibRefCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F67C0041DBDA875AFCED937D" authority="Kirby, (1819)" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1819" box="[505,885,1565,1590]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scarabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ascanius">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67C0041DBDA875AFD44937D" box="[505,732,1565,1590]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">Scarabaeus ascanius</emphasis>
Kirby, (1819)
</taxonomicName>
(currently
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F67C0041D9D7875AFBF6937D" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1819" box="[1012,1134,1565,1590]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scarabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ascanius">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67C0041D9D7875AFBF6937D" box="[1012,1134,1565,1590]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">B. ascanius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)]. In his description,
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F67C0041DB548778FD9C9313" author="Hope FW" box="[375,516,1599,1624]" pageId="12" pageNumber="675" refId="ref36378" refString="Hope FW. 1837. Coleopterist's manual, containing the lamellicorn insects of linneus and fabricius. United Kingdom, Londres: Henry G. Bohn; p. 121." type="journal volume" year="1837">Hope (1837)</bibRefCitation>
designed
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F67C0041D8A38778FC9D9313" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[640,773,1599,1624]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Anagrylius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuniculus">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67C0041D8A38778FC9D9313" box="[640,773,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">G. cuniculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the
<typeStatus id="48093F80F67C0041D9428778FC0B9313" box="[865,915,1599,1624]" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F67C0041DE3A8778FBE59313" authorityName="Hope" authorityYear="1837" box="[1049,1149,1599,1624]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67C0041DE3A8778FBE59313" box="[1049,1149,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">Bothynus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Posteriorly,
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F67C0041DB0B8725FE6C9330" author="Burmeister H" box="[296,500,1634,1659]" pageId="12" pageNumber="675" refId="ref35758" refString="Burmeister H. 1847. Handbuch der Entomologie. Coleoptera Lamellicornia, Xylophila et Pectinicornia, Berlin, Germany: Band V. Enslin." type="book" year="1847">Burmeister (1847)</bibRefCitation>
presented the description of
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F67C0041D97B8725FC4D9330" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1819" box="[856,981,1634,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scarabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ascanius">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67C0041D97B8725FC4D9330" box="[856,981,1634,1659]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">B. ascanius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on two misidentified specimens that indeed are the current
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F67C0041D93387C2FB1893D5" authority="(Germar 1824)" baseAuthorityName="Germar" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[784,1152,1669,1694]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="medon">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67C0041D93387C2FC5593D5" box="[784,973,1669,1694]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">Bothynus medon</emphasis>
(Germar 1824)
</taxonomicName>
. Subsequently,
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F67C0041DB6487E0FD93938B" author="Lacordaire JT" box="[327,523,1703,1728]" pageId="12" pageNumber="675" refId="ref36523" refString="Lacordaire JT. 1856. Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera de Coleopteres ou expose methodique et critique de tous les genres proposes jusqu'ici dans cet ordre d'insectes. Vol. 3, Paris: Libraire Encyclopedique de Roret." type="journal volume" year="1856">Lacordaire (1856)</bibRefCitation>
considered
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F67C0041D8BB87E0FC84938B" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[664,796,1703,1728]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Anagrylius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuniculus">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67C0041D8BB87E0FC84938B" box="[664,796,1703,1728]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="675">G. cuniculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
an indeterminable species and ttha
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F67D0040DAF481C9FEC995EC" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1819" box="[215,337,142,167]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scarabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ascanius">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67D0040DAF481C9FEC995EC" box="[215,337,142,167]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="676">B. ascanius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be the
<typeStatus id="48093F80F67D0040D82581C9FDA095EC" box="[518,568,142,167]" pageId="13" pageNumber="676">type</typeStatus>
species of the genus instead. However, Lacordaire considered the false
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F67D0040DBBB81F6FD8D9581" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1819" box="[408,533,177,202]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scarabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ascanius">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67D0040DBBB81F6FD8D9581" box="[408,533,177,202]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="676">B. ascanius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
presented by Burmeister to be the
<typeStatus id="48093F80F67D0040D9EB81F6FC659581" box="[968,1021,177,202]" pageId="13" pageNumber="676">type</typeStatus>
, leading to posterior confusion about the true
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F67D0040D8668193FD5A95A6" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1819" box="[581,706,212,237]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scarabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ascanius">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67D0040D8668193FD5A95A6" box="[581,706,212,237]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="676">B. ascanius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, such as that observed in
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F67D0040DE268193FEE39444" author="Heyne A &amp; Taschenberg O" pageId="13" pageNumber="676" refId="ref36324" refString="Heyne A, Taschenberg O. 1908. Die exotischen Kafer in Wort und Bild. Leipzig. G. Reusche." type="book" year="1908">Heyne and Taschenberg (1908)</bibRefCitation>
(pl. 15, fig. 3), whose illustrated species is clearly a
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F67D0040D98B81B1FB959444" baseAuthorityName="Germar" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[936,1037,246,271]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="medon">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67D0040D98B81B1FB959444" box="[936,1037,246,271]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="676">B. medon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
presented as
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F67D0040DA9C805EFEA09479" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1819" box="[191,312,281,306]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scarabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ascanius">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67D0040DA9C805EFEA09479" box="[191,312,281,306]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="676">B. ascanius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F67D0040DB65805EFE409479" author="Arrow GJ" box="[326,472,281,306]" pageId="13" pageNumber="676" pagination="151 - 176" refId="ref35603" refString="Arrow GJ. 1911. Notes on the coleopterous subfamily Dynastinae, with description of new genera and species. Annal Magazine Nat Hist Seri. 8 (8): 151-176. doi:10.1080/00222931108693008." type="journal article" year="1911">Arrow (1911)</bibRefCitation>
noticed this confusion after accessing the
<typeStatus id="48093F80F67D0040D99C805EFC699479" box="[959,1009,281,306]" pageId="13" pageNumber="676">type</typeStatus>
specimen of the true
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F67D0040DB22807BFEE0941E" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1819" box="[257,376,316,341]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scarabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ascanius">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67D0040DB22807BFEE0941E" box="[257,376,316,341]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="676">B. ascanius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
preserved at OUMNH and provided remarks about it. Finally,
<bibRefCitation id="F323FCD3F67D0040DE08807BFF7E943C" author="Endrodi S" pageId="13" pageNumber="676" pagination="1 - 145" refId="ref36032" refString="Endrodi S. 1969. Monographie der Dynastinae. 4. Tribus: pentodontini (Coleoptera, Lamellicornia). Entomologische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde in Dresden. 37: 1-145." type="journal article" year="1969">Endrödi (1969)</bibRefCitation>
examined the two Burmeister specimens and mistakenly labelled these as
<typeStatus id="48093F80F67D0040DE728019FB1B943C" box="[1105,1155,350,375]" pageId="13" pageNumber="676">type</typeStatus>
specimens of
<taxonomicName id="50B2FAA1F67D0040DB1F80C6FE2C94D1" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1819" box="[316,436,385,410]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scarabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ascanius">
<emphasis id="A5C65D30F67D0040DB1F80C6FE2C94D1" box="[316,436,385,410]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="676">B. ascanius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>