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<document id="D905702A6562B8B1FF2380E770616644" ID-DOI="10.1051/parasite/2024023" ID-ISSN="1776-1042" ID-PMC="PMC11166112" ID-PubMed="38860920" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12524595" ID-ZooBank="A2F025CD-7379-4E84-921B-AC565CD1EAC8" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1719280007660" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Rahmouni, Chahrazed, Seifertová, Mária, Bean, Megan G. &amp; Šimková, Andrea" docDate="2024" docId="A4378781E940FFBAD75CFBFAFE91FA69" docLanguage="en" docName="Parasite.31.29.pdf" docOrigin="Parasite (Paris, France) 31 (29)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2024023" docStyle="DocumentStyle:A40D95A4C09C797DBB807E438D2BF437.2:Parasite.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="A40D95A4C09C797DBB807E438D2BF437" docStyleName="Parasite.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Gyrodactylus mediotorus King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin and Bentzen 2013" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="580EFFF9E949FFB0D72DFFD1FFFEFFC1" masterDocTitle="Intraspecific variation in Gyrodactylus mediotorus and G. crysoleucas (Gyrodactylidae) from Nearctic shiners (Leuciscidae): evidence for ongoing speciation, host-switching, and parasite translocation" masterLastPageNumber="14" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1721142600575" updateUser="valdenar" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="09CFAFF2CDEFEE4FA61EE1D8B00EEE80">Intraspecific variation in Gyrodactylus mediotorus and G. crysoleucas (Gyrodactylidae) from Nearctic shiners (Leuciscidae): evidence for ongoing speciation, host-switching, and parasite translocation</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="362E327ACC05516A41ED4DF928476F69">Rahmouni, Chahrazed</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CA9D22CDEF3B31D873EC5707FCD8D69C">Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8051073D90041D8E5DE13CCE9E7B48E7">Seifertová, Mária</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5E92456FA89337670FE0E4D258F5559A">Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AE819155A83EEF1F75DDFD330945C740">Bean, Megan G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2F1F6389F92A1B691583D91F044896F3">Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, 5103 Junction Highway, Mountain Home, TX, 78058, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="68CAC60C2175720AC2A44FC4C715956B">Šimková, Andrea</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2A8AC909723CE8468CF74AE11707ADBA">Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="A4378781E940FFBAD75CFBFAFE91FA69" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A4378781E940FFBAD75CFBFAFE91FA69" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A4378781E940FFBAD75CFBFAFE91FA69" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<paragraph id="2C213697E940FFB9D75CFBFAFE49FBA5" blockId="9.[113,696,1067,1124]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D75CFBFAFE4BFB85" ID-CoL="3HZ8Y" authorityName="King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin and Bentzen" authorityYear="2013" box="[113,437,1067,1092]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mediotorus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D75CFBFAFE4BFB85" bold="true" box="[113,437,1067,1092]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Gyrodactylus mediotorus</emphasis>
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illustrating ongoing speciation in the Nearctic
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<paragraph id="2C213697E940FFB9D7B4FB50FC36FB37" blockId="9.[113,768,1152,2031]" lastBlockId="9.[813,1467,239,2034]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
In the present study,
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D656FB51FDECFB59" authorityName="King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin and Bentzen" authorityYear="2013" box="[379,530,1152,1176]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mediotorus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D656FB51FDECFB59" box="[379,530,1152,1176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. mediotorus</emphasis>
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was isolated from the blacktail and sand shiners,
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D6B4FB4EFDF4FB76" box="[409,522,1183,1207]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Cyprinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venusta">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D6B4FB4EFDF4FB76" box="[409,522,1183,1207]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. venusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D56BFB71FD01FB76" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[582,767,1183,1207]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Notropis" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stramineus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D56BFB71FDA1FB76" box="[582,607,1184,1207]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N.</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D5A2FB71FD01FB76" box="[655,767,1184,1207]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">stramineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectingCountry id="54897607E940FFB9D755FB6FFF17FB14" box="[120,233,1214,1237]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Guadalupe</collectingCountry>
River), respectively, both collected in their natural distribution range in Texas.
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D6BEFB0DFD66FB35" authorityName="King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin and Bentzen" authorityYear="2013" box="[403,664,1244,1268]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mediotorus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D6BEFB0DFD66FB35" box="[403,664,1244,1268]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Gyrodactylus mediotorus</emphasis>
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was originally described on the spottail shiner,
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D52BFB2AFD70FAD2" baseAuthorityName="Clinton" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[518,654,1275,1299]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Notropis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hudsonius">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D52BFB2AFD70FAD2" box="[518,654,1275,1299]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. hudsonius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="54897607E940FFB9D59FFB2AFCFEFAD3" box="[690,768,1275,1298]" name="Canada" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Canada</collectingCountry>
[
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E940FFB9D757FACBFF6AFAF0" author="King S &amp; Marcogliese D &amp; Forest J &amp; McLaughlin J &amp; Bentzen P." box="[122,148,1306,1329]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1062 - 1066" refId="ref12553" refString="48. King S, Marcogliese D, Forest J, McLaughlin J, Bentzen P. 2013. Description of Gyrodactylus mediotorus n. sp. (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) infecting spottail shiner (Notropis hudsonius) from the St. Lawrence River. Canada. Journal of Parasitology, 99, 1062 - 1066." type="journal article" year="2013">48</bibRefCitation>
], and recently identified from the weed shiner,
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D5A7FACBFD07FAF0" box="[650,761,1306,1329]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Notropis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="texanus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D5A7FACBFD07FAF0" box="[650,761,1306,1329]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. texanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from the Upper
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E940FFB9D63BFAE9FE74FA8E" box="[278,394,1336,1359]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
River in
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E940FFB9D6C6FAE9FDA9FA8E" box="[491,599,1336,1359]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
[
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E940FFB9D54BFAE9FD7EFA8E" author="Leis E &amp; Easy R &amp; Cone D." box="[614,640,1336,1359]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="247 - 253" refId="ref12948" refString="56. Leis E, Easy R, Cone D. 2021. A variant of Gyrodactylus mediotorus King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin and Bentzen, 2013 (Monogenea) identified from weed shiner (Notropis texanus) in Wisconsin portions of the upper Mississippi River. Systematic Parasitology, 98, 247 - 253." type="journal article" year="2021">56</bibRefCitation>
]. Therefore, this study presents two new shiner hosts for
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D513FA87FD2DFAAF" authorityName="King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin and Bentzen" authorityYear="2013" box="[574,723,1366,1390]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mediotorus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D513FA87FD2DFAAF" box="[574,723,1366,1390]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. mediotorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and a new locality in the southeast
<collectingCountry id="54897607E940FFB9D6C0FAA4FDDAFA4D" box="[493,548,1397,1420]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">USA</collectingCountry>
. No morphological intraspecific variability of the haptoral hard parts was found in
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D7BFFA63FED2FA0B" authorityName="King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin and Bentzen" authorityYear="2013" box="[146,300,1458,1482]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mediotorus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D7BFFA63FED2FA0B" box="[146,300,1458,1482]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. mediotorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
across the studied shiner hosts. Inversely, the sclerotized structures of
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D6A2FA01FDDCFA29" authorityName="King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin and Bentzen" authorityYear="2013" box="[399,546,1488,1512]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mediotorus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D6A2FA01FDDCFA29" box="[399,546,1488,1512]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. mediotorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected from
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E940FFB9D5EFFA00FD01FA29" box="[706,767,1489,1512]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Texas</collectingRegion>
in this study were shorter compared to those in the type-material [
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E940FFB9D757F9DFFF6AF9E4" author="King S &amp; Marcogliese D &amp; Forest J &amp; McLaughlin J &amp; Bentzen P." box="[122,148,1550,1573]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1062 - 1066" refId="ref12553" refString="48. King S, Marcogliese D, Forest J, McLaughlin J, Bentzen P. 2013. Description of Gyrodactylus mediotorus n. sp. (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) infecting spottail shiner (Notropis hudsonius) from the St. Lawrence River. Canada. Journal of Parasitology, 99, 1062 - 1066." type="journal article" year="2013">48</bibRefCitation>
]. Moreover,
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D607F9DCFE3AF9E4" authorityName="King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin and Bentzen" authorityYear="2013" box="[298,452,1549,1573]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mediotorus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D607F9DCFE3AF9E4" box="[298,452,1549,1573]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. mediotorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appeared to possess typical features previously overlooked – specifically, the knob in the median part of the ventral bar and the prominent filament attachment posterior to the handle of marginal hooks. The filament of the marginal hooks is already known to be present in
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D7A3F977FE3AF97F" authority="Mueller, 1936" authorityName="Mueller" authorityYear="1936" box="[142,452,1702,1726]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="spathulatus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D7A3F977FED9F97F" box="[142,295,1702,1726]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. spathulatus</emphasis>
Mueller, 1936
</taxonomicName>
restricted to catostomid hosts so far [
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E940FFB9D7ECF914FF25F91D" author="Dechtiar AO" box="[193,219,1733,1756]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref11349" refString="20. Dechtiar AO. 1972. New parasite records for Lake Erie fish. Technical Report 17, Ann Arbor, Michigan: Great Lakes Fishery Commission, 20 p." type="book" year="1972">20</bibRefCitation>
–
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E940FFB9D7CAF914FEFFF91D" author="Dechtiar AO &amp; Nepszy SJ" box="[231,257,1733,1756]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="49 - 65" refId="ref11517" refString="24. Dechtiar AO, Nepszy SJ. 1988. Survey of the parasite fauna of selected fish species from Lake Erie, 1970 - 1975, in Parasites of fishes in the Canadian waters of the Great Lakes, Technical Report 51. Nepszy SJ, Editor. Great Lakes Fishery Commission: Ann Arbor, Michigan. p. 49 - 65." type="book chapter" year="1988">24</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E940FFB9D63FF914FED2F91D" author="Hathaway RP &amp; Herlevich JC" box="[274,300,1733,1756]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="801 - 802" refId="ref12118" refString="37. Hathaway RP, Herlevich JC. 1973. Gyrodactylus stableri sp. n., with new host and locality records for species of Gyrodactylus. Journal of Parasitology, 59, 801 - 802." type="journal article" year="1973">37</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E940FFB9D611F914FEA8F91D" author="Krueger RF" box="[316,342,1733,1756]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="277 - 279" refId="ref12865" refString="54. Krueger RF. 1954. A survey of the helminth parasites of fishes from Van Buren Lake and Rocky Ford Creek. Ohio Journal of Science, 54, 277 - 279." type="journal article" year="1954">54</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E940FFB9D64AF914FE7FF91D" author="Mueller JF" box="[359,385,1733,1756]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="55 - 72" refId="ref13435" refString="68. Mueller JF. 1936. Studies on North American gyrodactyloidea. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 55, 55 - 72." type="journal article" year="1936">68</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E940FFB9D6BCF914FE55F91D" author="Pugachev ON" box="[401,427,1733,1756]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="511 - 513" refId="ref13833" refString="77. Pugachev ON. 1980. Parasite fauna of the sucker (Catostomus catostomus) from the Kolyma river. Parasitologiya, 14, 511 - 513." type="journal article" year="1980">77</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E940FFB9D691F914FE28F91D" author="Rahmouni C &amp; Seifertova M &amp; Simkova A." box="[444,470,1733,1756]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref14012" refString="82. Rahmouni C, Seifertova M, Simkova A. 2023. Revealing the hidden diversity of Gyrodactylus communities (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) from Nearctic Catostomidae and Leuciscidae fish hosts (Teleostei: Cypriniformes), with description of ten new species. Parasite, 30, 40." type="journal volume" year="2023">82</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E940FFB9D6CBF914FDF3F91D" author="Threlfall W." box="[486,525,1733,1756]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="205 - 214" refId="ref14865" refString="102. Threlfall W. 1974. New and previously described species of monogenetic trematodes from Labrador catostomids and cyprinids. Folia Parasitologica, 21, 205 - 214." type="journal article" year="1974">102</bibRefCitation>
], and in the generalist
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D75CF932FDE0F93A" authority="Kritsky and Mizelle, 1968" authorityName="Kritsky and Mizelle" authorityYear="1968" box="[113,542,1763,1787]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="stunkardi">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D75CF932FF09F93A" box="[113,247,1763,1787]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. stunkardi</emphasis>
Kritsky and Mizelle, 1968
</taxonomicName>
infecting a range of Nearctic cypriniforms [
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E940FFB9D64FF8D3FE82F8D8" author="Dechtiar AO &amp; Collins JJ &amp; Reckahn JA" box="[354,380,1794,1817]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="19 - 48" refId="ref11381" refString="21. Dechtiar AO, Collins JJ, Reckahn JA. 1988. Survey of the parasite fauna of Lake Ontario fishes, 1961 to 1971. Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Technical Report, 51, 19 - 48." type="journal article" year="1988">21</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E940FFB9D6A7F8D3FE5AF8D8" author="Dechtiar AO &amp; Collins JJ &amp; Reckhan JA" box="[394,420,1794,1817]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="19 - 48" refId="ref11422" refString="22. Dechtiar AO, Collins JJ, Reckhan JA. 1988. Survey of the parasite fauna of Lake Huron fishes, 1961 to 1971. Parasites of fishes in the Canadian waters of the Great Lakes, Technical Report 51, Nepszy SJ, Editor. Great Lakes Fishery Commission: Ann Arbor, Michigan. p. 19 - 48." type="book chapter" year="1988">22</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E940FFB9D69FF8D3FE32F8D8" author="Kritsky DC &amp; Boeger WA" box="[434,460,1794,1817]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="37 - 58" refId="ref12718" refString="51. Kritsky DC, Boeger WA. 2003. Phylogeny of the gyrodactylidae and the phylogenetic status of Gyrodactylus Nordmann, 1832 (Platyhelminthes: Monogenoidea), in Livre Hommage a Louis Euzet, tome 2. Combes C, Jourdane J, Editors. PUP: Perpignan, France. p. 37 - 58." type="book chapter" year="2003">51</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E940FFB9D6F7F8D3FE0AF8D8" author="Kritsky DC &amp; Mizelle JD" box="[474,500,1794,1817]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="205 - 215" refId="ref12777" refString="52. Kritsky DC, Mizelle JD. 1968. Studies on monogenetic trematodes. XXXV. Some new and previously described North American species of Gyrodactylus. American Midland Naturalist, 79, 205 - 215." type="journal article" year="1968">52</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E940FFB9D52FF8D3FDE2F8D8" author="Mueller JF" box="[514,540,1794,1817]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="55 - 72" refId="ref13435" refString="68. Mueller JF. 1936. Studies on North American gyrodactyloidea. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 55, 55 - 72." type="journal article" year="1936">68</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E940FFB9D507F8D3FDBAF8D8" author="Rahmouni C &amp; Seifertova M &amp; Simkova A." box="[554,580,1794,1817]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref14012" refString="82. Rahmouni C, Seifertova M, Simkova A. 2023. Revealing the hidden diversity of Gyrodactylus communities (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) from Nearctic Catostomidae and Leuciscidae fish hosts (Teleostei: Cypriniformes), with description of ten new species. Parasite, 30, 40." type="journal volume" year="2023">82</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E940FFB9D57FF8D3FD87F8D8" author="Threlfall W." box="[594,633,1794,1817]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="205 - 214" refId="ref14865" refString="102. Threlfall W. 1974. New and previously described species of monogenetic trematodes from Labrador catostomids and cyprinids. Folia Parasitologica, 21, 205 - 214." type="journal article" year="1974">102</bibRefCitation>
]. It was also reported in the new but unidentified
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D6CAF8F1FD5CF8F9" box="[487,674,1824,1848]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D6CAF8F1FD8FF8F9" box="[487,625,1824,1848]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Gyrodactylus</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
from the blacknose dace,
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D605F8EEFDF8F896" baseAuthorityName="Hermann" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[296,518,1855,1879]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Rhinichthis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="atratulus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D605F8EEFDF8F896" box="[296,518,1855,1879]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Rhinichthis atratulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D560F8EEFD3EF896" box="[589,704,1855,1879]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Cyprinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venusta">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D560F8EEFD3EF896" box="[589,704,1855,1879]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. venusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E940FFB9D5FBF891FD0EF896" author="Rahmouni C &amp; Seifertova M &amp; Simkova A." box="[726,752,1856,1879]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref14012" refString="82. Rahmouni C, Seifertova M, Simkova A. 2023. Revealing the hidden diversity of Gyrodactylus communities (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) from Nearctic Catostomidae and Leuciscidae fish hosts (Teleostei: Cypriniformes), with description of ten new species. Parasite, 30, 40." type="journal volume" year="2023">82</bibRefCitation>
]. Although morphologically similar to each other and occurring in the southcentral part of the
<collectingCountry id="54897607E940FFB9D6E5F8ACFE00F855" box="[456,510,1917,1940]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">USA</collectingCountry>
, the
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D516F8ADFD2BF855" authorityName="King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin and Bentzen" authorityYear="2013" box="[571,725,1916,1940]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mediotorus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D516F8ADFD2BF855" box="[571,725,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. mediotorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
we studied herein and
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D61FF84AFE1FF873" box="[306,481,1947,1971]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D61FF84AFE42F872" box="[306,444,1947,1971]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Gyrodactylus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D6CBF84AFD91F872" box="[486,623,1947,1971]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
“
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D6D9F84AFD9EF873" box="[500,608,1947,1971]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Cyprinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venusta">C. venusta</taxonomicName>
”
</emphasis>
collected previously in
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E940FFB9D7F3F86BFEACF810" box="[222,338,1978,2001]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
most likely belong to two distinct species due to the considerable size variation in the ventral bar [
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E940FFB9D5FAF809FD0FF82E" author="Rahmouni C &amp; Seifertova M &amp; Simkova A." box="[727,753,2008,2031]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref14012" refString="82. Rahmouni C, Seifertova M, Simkova A. 2023. Revealing the hidden diversity of Gyrodactylus communities (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) from Nearctic Catostomidae and Leuciscidae fish hosts (Teleostei: Cypriniformes), with description of ten new species. Parasite, 30, 40." type="journal volume" year="2023">82</bibRefCitation>
]. DNA sequences of the
<collectionCode id="4A8FAE52E940FFB9D302FF3EFBA8FEC7" box="[1071,1110,239,262]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ITS</collectionCode>
regions will certainly clarify the taxonomic status of
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D339FEDCFB34FEE5" box="[1044,1226,269,293]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D339FEDCFB60FEE4" box="[1044,1182,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Gyrodactylus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D3F5FEDCFA94FEE4" box="[1240,1386,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
“
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D3CAFEDCFAA5FEE5" box="[1255,1371,269,293]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Cyprinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venusta">C. venusta</taxonomicName>
”
</emphasis>
in the future. Furthermore, our specimens and those of
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D20BFEFAFA44FE82" authorityName="King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin and Bentzen" authorityYear="2013" box="[1318,1466,299,323]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mediotorus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D20BFEFAFA44FE82" box="[1318,1466,299,323]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. mediotorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D447FE9BFC25FEA0" box="[874,987,330,353]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Notropis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="texanus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D447FE9BFC25FEA0" box="[874,987,330,353]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. texanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E940FFB9D4DDFE9BFBF4FEA0" author="Leis E &amp; Easy R &amp; Cone D." box="[1008,1034,330,353]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="247 - 253" refId="ref12948" refString="56. Leis E, Easy R, Cone D. 2021. A variant of Gyrodactylus mediotorus King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin and Bentzen, 2013 (Monogenea) identified from weed shiner (Notropis texanus) in Wisconsin portions of the upper Mississippi River. Systematic Parasitology, 98, 247 - 253." type="journal article" year="2021">56</bibRefCitation>
] presented intraspecific variability. This morphological discrepancy can be related to a specific host and/or geographical locality or phenotypic plasticity as previously evidenced in
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D32AFE74FB6FFE7C" authorityName="von Nordmann" authorityYear="1832" box="[1031,1169,421,445]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D32AFE74FB6FFE7C" box="[1031,1169,421,445]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Gyrodactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
communities [
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E940FFB9D21AFE77FAAFFE7C" author="Davidova M &amp; Jarkovsky J &amp; Matejusova I &amp; Gelnar M." box="[1335,1361,422,445]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="398 - 405" refId="ref11308" refString="19. Davidova M, Jarkovsky J, Matejusova I, Gelnar M. 2005. Seasonal occurrence and metrical variability of Gyrodactylus rhodei Zitnan 1964 (Monogenea, Gyrodactylidae). Parasitology Research, 95, 398 - 405." type="journal article" year="2005">19</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E940FFB9D249FE77FA80FE7C" author="Ondrackova M." box="[1380,1406,422,445]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="3153 - 3162" refId="ref13634" refString="72. Ondrackova M. 2016. Gyrodactylus proterorhini in its non-native range: distribution and ability to host-switch in freshwaters. Parasitology Research, 115, 3153 - 3162." type="journal article" year="2016">72</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E940FFB9D2BFFE77FA52FE7C" author="Rahmouni C &amp; Seifertova M &amp; Simkova A." box="[1426,1452,422,445]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref14012" refString="82. Rahmouni C, Seifertova M, Simkova A. 2023. Revealing the hidden diversity of Gyrodactylus communities (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) from Nearctic Catostomidae and Leuciscidae fish hosts (Teleostei: Cypriniformes), with description of ten new species. Parasite, 30, 40." type="journal volume" year="2023">82</bibRefCitation>
]. Sequences of the 18S rDNA and
<collectionCode id="4A8FAE52E940FFB9D3A4FE15FB4EFE1A" box="[1161,1200,452,475]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ITS</collectionCode>
regions of
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D20BFE15FA44FE1D" authorityName="King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin and Bentzen" authorityYear="2013" box="[1318,1466,452,476]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mediotorus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D20BFE15FA44FE1D" box="[1318,1466,452,476]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. mediotorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were successfully obtained in this study and were fully conserved at the host species level. This could be linked to the common evolutionary history of shiners in the Nearctic region [
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E940FFB9D418FDEEFCB1FD97" author="Stout C &amp; Schonhuth S &amp; Mayden R &amp; Garrison NL &amp; Armbruster JW" box="[821,847,575,598]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref14624" refString="96. Stout C, Schonhuth S, Mayden R, Garrison NL, Armbruster JW. 2022. Phylogenomics and classification of Notropis and related shiners (Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae) and the utility of exon capture on lower taxonomic groups. PeerJ, 10." type="journal volume" year="2022">96</bibRefCitation>
]. On the one hand, in terms of host specificity and similar to remarks by Šimková
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D325FD8CFBC2FDB4" box="[1032,1084,605,629]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
[
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E940FFB9D367FD8CFB9AFDB5" author="Simkova A &amp; Verneau O &amp; Gelnar M &amp; Morand S." box="[1098,1124,605,628]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1023 - 1037" refId="ref14590" refString="95. Simkova A, Verneau O, Gelnar M, Morand S. 2006. Specificity and specialization of congeneric monogeneans parasitizing cyprinid fish. Evolution, 60, 1023 - 1037." type="journal article" year="2006">95</bibRefCitation>
],
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D357FD8CFAF3FDB4" authorityName="King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin and Bentzen" authorityYear="2013" box="[1146,1293,605,629]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mediotorus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D357FD8CFAF3FDB4" box="[1146,1293,605,629]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. mediotorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to be an intermediate specialist parasitizing congeneric as well as phylogenetically closely related non-congeneric shiner hosts across the Nearctic region. Alternatively, the presence of
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D400FD06FC3AFD2E" authorityName="King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin and Bentzen" authorityYear="2013" box="[813,964,727,751]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mediotorus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D400FD06FC3AFD2E" box="[813,964,727,751]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. mediotorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on southcentral populations of
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D237FD06FA75FD2E" box="[1306,1419,727,751]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Cyprinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venusta">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D237FD06FA75FD2E" box="[1306,1419,727,751]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. venusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D400FD27FC20FCCC" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[813,990,758,781]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Notropis" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stramineus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D400FD27FCB8FCCC" box="[813,838,758,781]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N.</emphasis>
cf. stramineus
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectingCountry id="54897607E940FFB9D4C1FD27FBA3FCCC" box="[1004,1117,758,781]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Guadalupe</collectingCountry>
River) could simply be an inheritance from a common ancestor or has resulted from host-switching. The former scenario seems plausible given the evolutionary relatedness between these shiners [
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E940FFB9D221FC83FAD8FCA8" author="Stout C &amp; Schonhuth S &amp; Mayden R &amp; Garrison NL &amp; Armbruster JW" box="[1292,1318,850,873]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref14624" refString="96. Stout C, Schonhuth S, Mayden R, Garrison NL, Armbruster JW. 2022. Phylogenomics and classification of Notropis and related shiners (Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae) and the utility of exon capture on lower taxonomic groups. PeerJ, 10." type="journal volume" year="2022">96</bibRefCitation>
]. The overall
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D400FCA1FC79FC46" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1818" box="[813,903,880,903]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Notropis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D400FCA1FC79FC46" box="[813,903,880,903]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Notropis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
host range associated with
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D3EBFCA1FA9CFC49" authorityName="King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin and Bentzen" authorityYear="2013" box="[1222,1378,880,904]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mediotorus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D3EBFCA1FA9CFC49" box="[1222,1378,880,904]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. mediotorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and its phylogenetically closely related
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D3ADFC5FFB16FC67" box="[1152,1256,910,934]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ticuchi">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D3ADFC5FFB16FC67" box="[1152,1256,910,934]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. ticuchi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D20DFC5FFA7BFC67" box="[1312,1413,910,934]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="tobala">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D20DFC5FFA7BFC67" box="[1312,1413,910,934]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. tobala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may indicate that host-switching occurred from
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D22AFC7CFA64FC05" box="[1287,1434,941,964]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Notropis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D22AFC7CFA9FFC05" box="[1287,1377,941,964]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Notropis</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D400FC1AFC60FC22" box="[813,926,971,995]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Cyprinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venusta">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D400FC1AFC60FC22" box="[813,926,971,995]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. venusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
rather than the opposite pattern (from
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D264FC1AFA44FC22" box="[1353,1466,971,995]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Cyprinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venusta">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D264FC1AFA44FC22" box="[1353,1466,971,995]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. venusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D467FC3AFC25FBC0" box="[842,987,1002,1026]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Notropis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D467FC3AFC5AFBC3" box="[842,932,1003,1026]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Notropis</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
). Host-switching of
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D398FC3BFAC1FBC3" authorityName="von Nordmann" authorityYear="1832" box="[1205,1343,1002,1026]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D398FC3BFAC1FBC3" box="[1205,1343,1002,1026]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Gyrodactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also seems possible given the close phylogenetic relationship between
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D400FBF6FC62FBFE" box="[813,924,1063,1087]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Cyprinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venusta">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D400FBF6FC62FBFE" box="[813,924,1063,1087]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. venusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D4F9FBF9FB76FBFE" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[980,1160,1064,1087]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Notropis" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stramineus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D4F9FBF9FC13FBFE" box="[980,1005,1064,1087]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N.</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D335FBF9FB76FBFE" box="[1048,1160,1064,1087]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">stramineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectingCountry id="54897607E940FFB9D3B4FBF9FAF4FBFE" box="[1177,1290,1064,1087]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Guadalupe</collectingCountry>
River) and their occurrence in overlapping ecological niches in Texas. In monogeneans of the genus
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D33AFBB5FB55FBBD" authorityName="Johnston &amp; Tiegs" authorityYear="1922" box="[1047,1195,1124,1148]" class="Monogenea" family="Diplectanidae" genus="Lamellodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dactylogyridea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D33AFBB5FB55FBBD" box="[1047,1195,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Lamellodiscus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D391FBB4FAB3FBBD" authorityName="Monticelli" authorityYear="1903" box="[1212,1357,1125,1148]" class="Monogenea" family="Diplectanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dactylogyridea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Diplectanidae</taxonomicName>
) parasitizing sympatric marine sparid fish hosts, for instance, host-parasite associations have been shown to be mostly driven by ecological factors that considerably facilitated host-switching processes [
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E940FFB9D4B2FB0EFC47FB37" author="Desdevises Y &amp; Morand S &amp; Jousson O &amp; Legendre P." box="[927,953,1247,1270]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="2459 - 2471" refId="ref11582" refString="25. Desdevises Y, Morand S, Jousson O, Legendre P. 2002. Coevolution between Lamellodiscus (Monogenea: Diplectanidae) and Sparidae (Teleostei): the study of a complex host-parasite system. Evolution, 56, 2459 - 2471." type="journal article" year="2002">25</bibRefCitation>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C213697E940FFBAD478FB2CFDC6FE3B" blockId="9.[813,1467,239,2034]" lastBlockId="10.[113,768,238,506]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
In accordance with the morphological variability observed among all currently available
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D359FACAFAF2FAF2" ID-CoL="3HZ8Y" authorityName="King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin and Bentzen" authorityYear="2013" box="[1140,1292,1307,1331]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mediotorus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D359FACAFAF2FAF2" box="[1140,1292,1307,1331]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. mediotorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D233FACDFABDFAF2" box="[1310,1347,1308,1331]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">i.e.,</emphasis>
specimens from Canadian
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D4FEFAEAFBA0FA93" ID-CoL="47ZH2" baseAuthorityName="Clinton" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[979,1118,1338,1362]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Notropis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hudsonius">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D4FEFAEAFBA0FA93" box="[979,1118,1338,1362]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. hudsonius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(type-material), from
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D267FAEAFA45FA93" ID-CoL="47ZKQ" box="[1354,1467,1339,1362]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Notropis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="texanus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D267FAEAFA45FA93" box="[1354,1467,1339,1362]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. texanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of the Upper Mississippi River in Wisconsin, and from both
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D400FAA6FC5FFA4E" ID-CoL="33HJK" box="[813,929,1399,1423]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Cyprinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venusta">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D400FAA6FC5FFA4E" box="[813,929,1399,1423]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. venusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D4C9FAA9FB5AFA4E" ID-CoL="47ZKL" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[996,1188,1400,1423]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Notropis" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stramineus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D4C9FAA9FC03FA4E" box="[996,1021,1400,1423]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N.</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D319FAA9FB5AFA4E" box="[1076,1188,1400,1423]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">stramineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectingCountry id="54897607E940FFB9D394FAA9FAD4FA4E" box="[1209,1322,1400,1423]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Guadalupe</collectingCountry>
River) from
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E940FFB9D400FA47FC93FA6C" box="[813,877,1430,1453]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Texas</collectingRegion>
, genetic divergence was found, with
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D3C0FA47FA7FFA6F" ID-CoL="3HZ8Y" authorityName="King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin and Bentzen" authorityYear="2013" box="[1261,1409,1430,1454]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mediotorus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D3C0FA47FA7FFA6F" box="[1261,1409,1430,1454]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. mediotorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E940FFB9D400FA64FC67FA0D" box="[813,921,1461,1484]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E940FFB9D4FEFA64FBEFFA0D" box="[979,1041,1461,1484]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Texas</collectingRegion>
(both
<collectingCountry id="54897607E940FFB9D376FA64FB6EFA0D" box="[1115,1168,1461,1484]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">USA</collectingCountry>
) being genetically closer to each other than to the Canadian variant. Values of
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D265FA02FAA3FA2B" box="[1352,1373,1491,1514]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">p-</emphasis>
distances (0.9%) even approached the upper limit value (1%) of intraspecific genetic variation in the
<collectionCode id="4A8FAE52E940FFB9D38DF9C1FB39F9E6" box="[1184,1223,1552,1575]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ITS</collectionCode>
regions usually considered to discriminate among
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D358F9FFFAC5F987" box="[1141,1339,1582,1606]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D358F9FFFB01F987" box="[1141,1279,1582,1606]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Gyrodactylus</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
[
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E940FFB9D27EF9FEFA93F987" author="Huyse T &amp; Audenaert V &amp; Volckaert FAM" box="[1363,1389,1583,1606]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1679 - 1689" refId="ref12249" refString="41. Huyse T, Audenaert V, Volckaert FAM. 2003. Speciation and host-parasite relationships in the parasite genus Gyrodactylus (Monogenea, Platyhelminthes) infecting gobies of the genus Pomatoschistus (Gobiidae, Teleostei). International Journal for Parasitology, 33, 1679 - 1689." type="journal article" year="2003">41</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E940FFB9D2A8F9FEFA52F987" author="Lumme J." box="[1413,1452,1583,1606]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="2445 - 2458" refId="ref15291" refString="112. Ziȩtara MS, Lumme J. 2002. Speciation by host switch and adaptive radiation in a fish parasite genus Gyrodactylus (Monogenea, Gyrodactylidae). Evolution, 56, 2445 - 2458." type="journal article" year="2002">112</bibRefCitation>
]. Rahmouni
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D48FF99FFC27F9A4" box="[930,985,1613,1637]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
[
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E940FFB9D4C7F99FFBFAF9A4" author="Rahmouni C &amp; Seifertova M &amp; Simkova A." box="[1002,1028,1614,1637]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref14012" refString="82. Rahmouni C, Seifertova M, Simkova A. 2023. Revealing the hidden diversity of Gyrodactylus communities (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) from Nearctic Catostomidae and Leuciscidae fish hosts (Teleostei: Cypriniformes), with description of ten new species. Parasite, 30, 40." type="journal volume" year="2023">82</bibRefCitation>
] questioned the cryptic status of
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D247F99CFCA5F942" ID-CoL="BV5QK" authorityName="Rahmouni, Seifertova and Simkova" authorityYear="2023" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="huyseae">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D247F99CFCA5F942" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. huyseae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
found to parasitize two historically-connected hosts,
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D400F95AFC17F963" ID-CoL="3WH77" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1820" box="[813,1001,1674,1698]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Luxilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysocephalus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D400F95AFC17F963" box="[813,1001,1674,1698]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L. chrysocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D30CF95AFB4EF963" box="[1057,1200,1674,1698]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D30CF95AFB52F963" ID-CoL="47ZH2" baseAuthorityName="Clinton" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[1057,1196,1674,1698]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Notropis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hudsonius">N. hudsonius</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
occurring in overlapping ranges, when the genetic variation in the
<collectionCode id="4A8FAE52E940FFB9D3FEF978FB04F901" box="[1235,1274,1705,1728]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ITS</collectionCode>
sequences slightly exceeded the limit value and a single mutation was found in the 18S rDNA sequences. The morphological and genetic divergence of
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D4B9F8D5FBD5F8DD" ID-CoL="3HZ8Y" authorityName="King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin and Bentzen" authorityYear="2013" box="[916,1067,1796,1820]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mediotorus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D4B9F8D5FBD5F8DD" box="[916,1067,1796,1820]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. mediotorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the geographical scale evidenced in this study may be explained by the evolutionary history of shiners – particularly, their evolution during the Pleistocene glaciations, which considerably shaped the current distribution of freshwater biotas in North America [
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E940FFB9D3FCF8AEFB15F857" author="Fildani A &amp; Hessler AM &amp; Mason CC &amp; McKay MP &amp; Stockli DF" box="[1233,1259,1919,1942]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref11699" refString="28. Fildani A, Hessler AM, Mason CC, McKay MP, Stockli DF. 2018. Late Pleistocene glacial transitions in North America altered major river drainages, as revealed by deep-sea sediment. Scientific Reports, 8, 13839." type="journal volume" year="2018">28</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E940FFB9D3D7F8AEFAEAF857" author="Hewitt G." box="[1274,1300,1919,1942]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="907 - 913" refId="ref12156" refString="38. Hewitt G. 2000. The genetic legacy of the Quaternary ice ages. Nature, 405, 907 - 913." type="journal article" year="2000">38</bibRefCitation>
]. Hydrographic barriers favoring separate evolutionary pathways in Nearctic freshwaters could also have been involved in creating the morphological and genetic patterns observed in
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D208F80BFA44F833" ID-CoL="3HZ8Y" authorityName="King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin and Bentzen" authorityYear="2013" box="[1317,1466,2010,2034]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mediotorus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D208F80BFA44F833" box="[1317,1466,2010,2034]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. mediotorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
populations. Ongoing speciation in
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E943FFBAD6F3FF3FFD8CFEC7" ID-CoL="3HZ8Y" authorityName="King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin and Bentzen" authorityYear="2013" box="[478,626,238,262]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mediotorus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E943FFBAD6F3FF3FFD8CFEC7" box="[478,626,238,262]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">G. mediotorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is, thus, most likely given the complex combinations of dispersal and vicariance events that shiner hosts have experienced. The geological, climatic, and biotic factors and circumstances that have promoted such speciation remain unknown, but deeper investigations involving powerful genetic approaches using various markers, ideally both nuclear and mitochondrial, will certainly help illuminate how gyrodactylid communities are evolving and adapting to distinct Nearctic fish hosts.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C213697E943FFBAD75CFDF8FEC6FDFC" blockId="10.[113,312,553,573]" box="[113,312,553,573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E943FFBAD75CFDF8FEC6FDFC" bold="true" box="[113,312,553,573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Acknowledgements</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C213697E943FFBAD7B4FD83FD99FCA0" blockId="10.[113,768,594,865]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
The authors are very grateful to all colleagues from the
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E943FFBAD558FD83FD58FDA4" box="[629,678,594,613]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Texas</collectingRegion>
Parks and Wildlife Department, Inland Fisheries,
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E943FFBAD69FFDBAFE1BFDBF" box="[434,485,619,638]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Texas</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="54897607E943FFBAD6C3FDBAFD40FDBF" box="[494,702,619,638]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">United States of America</collectingCountry>
for fish collection and identification, and to Eva Řehulková from Masaryk University, Brno,
<collectingCountry id="54897607E943FFBAD787FD4CFECEFD71" box="[170,304,669,688]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
for parasite collection. Special thanks go to Roman Kuchta and Blanka Škoríková (Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice,
<collectingCountry id="54897607E943FFBAD52BFD01FD77FD22" box="[518,649,720,739]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
) for kind help with fish dissection, parasite isolation, and fixation, and for assistance with the deposition of voucher specimens at
<collectionCode id="4A8FAE52E943FFBAD6B9FCD3FE2EFCD4" box="[404,464,770,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">IPCAS</collectionCode>
, and to Susana Schonhuth from Saint Louis University,
<collectingCountry id="54897607E943FFBAD62BFCCDFED1FCEE" box="[262,303,796,815]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">USA</collectingCountry>
and Kevin W. Conway from
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E943FFBAD504FCCDFDA4FCEE" box="[553,602,796,815]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Texas</collectingRegion>
A &amp; M University,
<collectingCountry id="54897607E943FFBAD75CFCE4FF65FC89" box="[113,155,821,840]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">USA</collectingCountry>
for their feedback regarding the shiner fish species. We further thank the three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C213697E943FFBAD75CFCADFF3BFC51" blockId="10.[113,197,892,912]" box="[113,197,892,912]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E943FFBAD75CFCADFF3BFC51" bold="true" box="[113,197,892,912]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Funding</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C213697E943FFBAD7B4FC74FF2CFBF6" blockId="10.[113,768,933,1079]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
This study was funded by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the
<collectingCountry id="54897607E943FFBAD7BFFC6EFEE9FC13" box="[146,279,959,978]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
, project no.
<collectionCode id="4A8FAE52E943FFBAD6AEFC6EFE37FC13" box="[387,457,959,978]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">LUAUS</collectionCode>
23080. Fish sampling and processing was funded by
<collectionCode id="4A8FAE52E943FFBAD7D5FC09FEEDFC2A" box="[248,275,984,1003]" country="South Africa" name="University of Stellenbosch" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">US</collectionCode>
Fish and Wildlife Service’ s Sport Fish Restoration Grant to Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C213697E943FFBAD75CFB8BFEC5FBAF" blockId="10.[113,315,1114,1134]" box="[113,315,1114,1134]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E943FFBAD75CFB8BFEC5FBAF" bold="true" box="[113,315,1114,1134]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Conflicts of Interest</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C213697E943FFBAD7B4FB52FD7EFB57" blockId="10.[153,640,1155,1174]" box="[153,640,1155,1174]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C213697E943FFBAD75CFB6DFE5BFB11" blockId="10.[113,421,1212,1232]" box="[113,421,1212,1232]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E943FFBAD75CFB6DFE5BFB11" bold="true" box="[113,421,1212,1232]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Author contribution statement</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C213697E943FFBAD7B4FB34FE91FA69" blockId="10.[113,769,1252,1448]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<collectingCountry id="54897607E943FFBAD7B4FB34FF4AFB36" box="[153,180,1252,1272]" name="American Samoa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">AŠ</collectingCountry>
designed and supervised this study and collected parasite specimens.
<collectionCode id="4A8FAE52E943FFBAD75CFB2FFF6CFAD0" box="[113,146,1278,1297]" country="Portugal" name="Universidade de Lisboa, Museu Bocage" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MB</collectionCode>
co-organized the fish sampling and identified the shiner hosts. CR performed the microscopic observations, identified the parasite species, drew the hard parts, and prepared the species descriptions. MS and CR performed genetic analyses. CR wrote the paper.
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discussed the results.
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revised the manuscript.
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acquired funding resources for this study.
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supported the fish sampling and processing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Once at the laboratory, the external body surfaces, fins, and gills of cyprinid hosts were checked for the presence of gyrodactylid parasites using an MST130 stereoscopic microscope. When present, parasite specimens were removed using surgical needles and mounted on slides with a mixture of glycerine and ammonium picrate (
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]. Monogenean specimens were studied morphologically considering a total of 23 morphological characters, of which four, seven, and one corresponded to the hamuli (also termed anchors), and the ventral and dorsal bars, respectively, and eight and two characters corresponded to the marginal hooks and male copulatory organ (
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], Pugachev
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], and Kritsky and Thatcher [
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[
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<treatment id="A4378781E94CFFB6D75CF971FC7CFA1A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A4378781E94CFFB6D75CF971FC7CFA1A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A4378781E94CFFB6D75CF971FC7CFA1A" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<subSubSection id="6484651CE94CFFB5D75CF971FDA2F911" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="2C213697E94CFFB5D75CF971FDA2F911" blockId="5.[113,680,1696,1744]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<heading id="776981FBE94CFFB5D75CF971FDA2F911" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="4">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D75CF971FDA2F911" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94CFFB5D75CF971FE58F911" ID-CoL="3HZ8Y" authority="King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin &amp; Bentzen, 2013" authorityName="King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin &amp; Bentzen" authorityYear="2013" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mediotorus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D75CF971FE7AF975" bold="true" box="[113,388,1696,1717]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gyrodactylus mediotorus</emphasis>
King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin &amp; Bentzen, 2013
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="B4A52A12E94CFFB5D698F96DFDAAF911" box="[437,596,1724,1744]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[113,180,1298,1319]" captionTargetBox="[261,1312,242,1274]" captionTargetId="figure-409@6.[257,1316,238,1278]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Photomicrographs (A–C) and line drawings (B–D) of Gyrodactylus mediotorus King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin and Bentzen, 2013 from the blacktail shiner, Cyprinella venusta (A–B) and from the sand shiner, Notropis cf. stramineus (Guadalupe River) (C–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12524601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12524601/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figures 2A–2D</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6484651CE94CFFB5D7B4F924FEF2F847" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="2C213697E94CFFB5D7B4F924FEF2F847" blockId="5.[113,768,1780,2048]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<materialsCitation id="9CF63CCAE94CFFB5D7B4F924FDC3F888" collectorName="Previous &amp; Iles de la Paix" country="Canada" location="St. Louis Lake" municipality="St. Lawrence Lake" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Quebec">
<collectorName id="816B5341E94CFFB5D7B4F924FF0DF8CD" box="[153,243,1781,1804]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Previous</collectorName>
records: spottail shiner,
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94CFFB5D6DAF924FD7FF8CD" baseAuthorityName="Clinton" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[503,641,1780,1804]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Notropis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hudsonius">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D6DAF924FD7FF8CD" box="[503,641,1780,1804]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">N. hudsonius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(type-host),
<collectorName id="816B5341E94CFFB5D75CF8C2FEEDF8EB" box="[113,275,1811,1834]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Îles de la Paix</collectorName>
,
<location id="2941604CE94CFFB5D60FF8C2FE3AF8EB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A4378781E94CFFB6D75CF971FC7CFA1A:2941604CE94CFFB5D60FF8C2FE3AF8EB" box="[290,452,1811,1834]" country="Canada" municipality="St. Lawrence Lake" name="St. Louis Lake" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" stateProvince="Quebec">St. Louis Lake</location>
(type-locality) and Îles Vert,
<collectingMunicipality id="CC45ACEDE94CFFB5D75CF8E3FEC9F888" box="[113,311,1842,1865]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">St. Lawrence Lake</collectingMunicipality>
, both in
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E94CFFB5D6BEF8E3FE1BF888" box="[403,485,1842,1865]" country="Canada" name="Quebec" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Quebec</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="54897607E94CFFB5D6C2F8E3FDC3F888" box="[495,573,1842,1865]" name="Canada" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Canada</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="9CF63CCAE94CFFB5D569F8E3FDA9F8A6" country="Canada" location="Upper" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mississippi">
[
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E94CFFB5D561F8E3FD98F888" author="King S &amp; Marcogliese D &amp; Forest J &amp; McLaughlin J &amp; Bentzen P." box="[588,614,1842,1865]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1062 - 1066" refId="ref12553" refString="48. King S, Marcogliese D, Forest J, McLaughlin J, Bentzen P. 2013. Description of Gyrodactylus mediotorus n. sp. (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) infecting spottail shiner (Notropis hudsonius) from the St. Lawrence River. Canada. Journal of Parasitology, 99, 1062 - 1066." type="journal article" year="2013">48</bibRefCitation>
]; weed shiner,
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94CFFB5D75CF881FE70F8A6" authority=", Lake Onalaska" authorityName="Lake Onalaska" box="[113,398,1872,1895]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Notropis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="texanus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D75CF881FF1EF8A6" box="[113,224,1872,1895]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">N. texanus</emphasis>
, Lake Onalaska
</taxonomicName>
,
<location id="2941604CE94CFFB5D6B7F881FE25F8A6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A4378781E94CFFB6D75CF971FC7CFA1A:2941604CE94CFFB5D6B7F881FE25F8A6" box="[410,475,1872,1895]" country="Canada" name="Upper" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" stateProvince="Mississippi">Upper</location>
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E94CFFB5D6CEF881FDA9F8A6" box="[483,599,1872,1895]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="9CF63CCAE94CFFB5D54DF881FF2CF847" collectorName="River" country="United States of America" location="Wisconsin" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Wisconsin">
<collectorName id="816B5341E94CFFB5D54DF881FD62F8A6" box="[608,668,1872,1895]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">River</collectorName>
,
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E94CFFB5D585F881FF6FF847" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="54897607E94CFFB5D7B3F8BEFF2CF847" box="[158,210,1903,1926]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">USA</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
[
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E94CFFB5D7CEF8BEFF03F847" author="Leis E &amp; Easy R &amp; Cone D." box="[227,253,1903,1926]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="247 - 253" refId="ref12948" refString="56. Leis E, Easy R, Cone D. 2021. A variant of Gyrodactylus mediotorus King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin and Bentzen, 2013 (Monogenea) identified from weed shiner (Notropis texanus) in Wisconsin portions of the upper Mississippi River. Systematic Parasitology, 98, 247 - 253." type="journal article" year="2021">56</bibRefCitation>
].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6484651CE94CFFB6D7B4F85FFC7CFA1A" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
<paragraph id="2C213697E94CFFB5D7B4F85FFEEAF7C1" blockId="5.[113,768,1780,2048]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Present study: blacktail shiner,
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94CFFB5D6F9F85CFDC1F864" authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1856" box="[468,575,1933,1957]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Cyprinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venusta">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D6F9F85CFDC1F864" box="[468,575,1933,1957]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. venusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, West Mud Creek, Neches River (
<figureCitation id="B4A52A12E94CFFB5D63DF87DFE58F802" box="[272,422,1964,1988]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[113,180,1298,1319]" captionTargetBox="[261,1312,242,1274]" captionTargetId="figure-409@6.[257,1316,238,1278]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Photomicrographs (A–C) and line drawings (B–D) of Gyrodactylus mediotorus King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin and Bentzen, 2013 from the blacktail shiner, Cyprinella venusta (A–B) and from the sand shiner, Notropis cf. stramineus (Guadalupe River) (C–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12524601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12524601/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figure 2A–2B</figureCitation>
), and sand shiner,
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94CFFB5D55FF87DFF5FF823" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1865" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Notropis" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stramineus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D55FF87DFD75F802" box="[626,651,1964,1987]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">N.</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D598F87DFF5FF823" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">stramineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectingCountry id="54897607E94CFFB5D780F81AFEE0F823" box="[173,286,1995,2018]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Guadalupe</collectingCountry>
River),
<collectingCountry id="54897607E94CFFB5D642F81AFE20F823" box="[367,478,1995,2018]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Guadalupe</collectingCountry>
River (
<figureCitation id="B4A52A12E94CFFB5D507F81AFD43F823" box="[554,701,1994,2018]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[113,180,1298,1319]" captionTargetBox="[261,1312,242,1274]" captionTargetId="figure-409@6.[257,1316,238,1278]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Photomicrographs (A–C) and line drawings (B–D) of Gyrodactylus mediotorus King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin and Bentzen, 2013 from the blacktail shiner, Cyprinella venusta (A–B) and from the sand shiner, Notropis cf. stramineus (Guadalupe River) (C–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12524601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12524601/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figure 2C–2D</figureCitation>
), both in
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E94CFFB5D7A0F838FF33F7C1" box="[141,205,2025,2048]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Texas</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="54897607E94CFFB5D7F5F838FEF1F7C1" box="[216,271,2025,2048]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">USA</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C213697E94CFFB5D478FCF2FBCDFCFB" blockId="5.[813,1467,802,2048]" box="[853,1075,802,826]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Site of infection: fins</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C213697E94CFFB5D478FC90FA9FFC12" blockId="5.[813,1467,802,2048]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Prevalence and intensity of infection: for
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94CFFB5D22EFC90FA8EFC98" authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1856" box="[1283,1392,833,857]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Cyprinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venusta">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D22EFC90FA8EFC98" box="[1283,1392,833,857]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. venusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 5.9%, two infected hosts out of 34 investigated, a single
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94CFFB5D21DFC8EFA44FCB6" authorityName="von Nordmann" authorityYear="1832" box="[1328,1466,863,887]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D21DFC8EFA44FCB6" box="[1328,1466,863,887]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gyrodactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen on each infected host. For
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94CFFB5D381FCAEFAA0FC57" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[1196,1374,894,918]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Notropis" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stramineus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D381FCAEFB3BFC57" box="[1196,1221,895,918]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">N.</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D3C3FCAEFAA0FC57" box="[1262,1374,895,918]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">stramineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectingCountry id="54897607E94CFFB5D243FCAFFCA7FC75" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Guadalupe</collectingCountry>
River), 14.3%, two infected hosts out of 14 investigated, from 1 to 3
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94CFFB5D482FC6AFBC7FC12" authorityName="von Nordmann" authorityYear="1832" box="[943,1081,955,979]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D482FC6AFBC7FC12" box="[943,1081,955,979]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gyrodactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen per infected host.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C213697E94CFFB5D478FC0BFB80FC30" blockId="5.[813,1467,802,2048]" box="[853,1150,986,1009]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Voucher:
<collectionCode id="4A8FAE52E94CFFB5D491FC0BFBFBFC30" box="[956,1029,986,1009]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">IPCAS</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="4A8FAE52E94CFFB5D323FC0BFBD1FC30" box="[1038,1071,986,1009]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M-</collectionCode>
794/1-2
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C213697E94CFFB5D478FC28FA90FBEF" blockId="5.[813,1467,802,2048]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Host GenBank accession numbers: cyt-
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D231FC29FAD7FBD1" box="[1308,1321,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">b</emphasis>
: PP314044– PP314045 for
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94CFFB5D4EBFBC6FB9FFBEF" authority=", PP" authorityName="PP" box="[966,1121,1047,1071]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Cyprinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venusta">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D4EBFBC6FBCAFBEF" box="[966,1076,1047,1071]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. venusta</emphasis>
, PP
</taxonomicName>
314046 for
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94CFFB5D3F0FBC6FA90FBEF" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[1245,1390,1047,1070]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Notropis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stramineus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D3F0FBC6FA90FBEF" box="[1245,1390,1047,1070]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">N. stramineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C213697E94CFFB5D478FBE7FBB9FBAA" blockId="5.[813,1467,802,2048]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Parasite GenBank accession numbers: 18S rDNA: PP309997;
<collectionCode id="4A8FAE52E94CFFB5D48BFB85FC2EFBAA" box="[934,976,1108,1131]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ITS</collectionCode>
: PP309999
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C213697E94CFFB5D478FBA2FBE1F802" blockId="5.[813,1467,802,2048]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Morphology: Haptor subcircular, anchor base with folds, tips curved outward, total length 59.4 (55.9–62.6;
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D214FB43FAB8FB68" box="[1337,1350,1170,1193]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">n</emphasis>
= 8); shaft slightly bowed, length 42.9 (40–45;
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D39FFB61FB41FB06" box="[1202,1215,1200,1223]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">n</emphasis>
= 8); point curved and elongate, length 21.5 (20.3–22.6;
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D38FFB1EFB51FB27" box="[1186,1199,1231,1254]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">n</emphasis>
= 8); root long, length 20.3 (18.3–21.6;
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D4CFFB3CFC11FAC5" box="[994,1007,1261,1284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">n</emphasis>
= 8). Ventral bar with prominent blunt lateral processes extending out of bar, total length 33.5 (30.7– 36.9;
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D446FAFBFC86FA80" box="[875,888,1322,1345]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">n</emphasis>
= 8), total width 22.4 (20.7–24.8;
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D3DFFAFBFB01FA80" box="[1266,1279,1322,1345]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">n</emphasis>
= 8), lateral processes length 7.8 (5.5–9.5;
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D362FA98FBA2FAA1" box="[1103,1116,1353,1376]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">n</emphasis>
= 8), distance between tips 26.1 (23–29.5;
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D4B7FAB6FC59FABF" box="[922,935,1383,1406]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">n</emphasis>
= 8), median part with a noticeable knob, width 5.5 (4.3–6.9;
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D490FA57FC34FA5C" box="[957,970,1414,1437]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">n</emphasis>
= 8), membrane (shield) rectangular with fine longitudinal striations, extending almost 1/2 of length of anchor shaft, length 18.1 (15.6–20.4;
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D34FFA12FB91FA1B" box="[1122,1135,1475,1498]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">n</emphasis>
= 8), width at the insertion 15.3 (12.3–17.6;
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D483FA33FC45FA38" box="[942,955,1506,1529]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">n</emphasis>
= 8). Dorsal bar straight with projections near each end, attenuated ends inserted into terminal plates, total length 23.7 (21–26.2;
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D337F9CEFBD9F9F7" box="[1050,1063,1567,1590]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">n</emphasis>
= 8), width at midpoint 2.6 (1.8–2.9;
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D400F9ECFCC4F995" box="[813,826,1597,1620]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">n</emphasis>
= 8). Marginal hooks total length 35.6 (31–38.8;
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D219F9ECFABFF995" box="[1332,1345,1597,1620]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">n</emphasis>
= 8); sickle foot moderate with downward globose heel, prominent triangular straightforward toe, conspicuous shelf; sickle proper almost as thick as toe base, shaft length 4.9 (4.4–5.4;
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D205F948FACBF971" box="[1320,1333,1689,1712]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">n</emphasis>
= 8); sickle length to shaft attachment 3.2 (2.8–3.7;
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D3E1F969FB27F90E" box="[1228,1241,1720,1743]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">n</emphasis>
= 8); sickle proximal width 3.1 (2.6–3.5;
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D4DAF907FBFAF92C" box="[1015,1028,1750,1773]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">n</emphasis>
= 8); sickle distal width 3.4 (2.8–4;
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D25AF907FA7AF92C" box="[1399,1412,1750,1773]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">n</emphasis>
= 8)
<subScript id="B01A34D2E94CFFB5D298F931FA44F931" attach="none" box="[1461,1466,1760,1776]" fontSize="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">;</subScript>
point relatively thin and slightly curved, length 1.3 (1.1–1.7;
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D400F8C2FCC4F8EB" box="[813,826,1811,1834]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">n</emphasis>
= 8); filament loop extending about 1/3 of handle length, length 8.5 (7.3–9.7;
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D32FF8E3FBF1F888" box="[1026,1039,1842,1865]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">n</emphasis>
= 8); handle ending in a noticeable posterior filament, length 30.1 (26.2–34;
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D39FF881FB41F8A6" box="[1202,1215,1872,1895]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">n</emphasis>
= 8).
<collectionCode id="4A8FAE52E94CFFB5D22DF881FAC2F8A6" box="[1280,1340,1872,1895]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MCO</collectionCode>
observed in a single
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94CFFB5D4AFF8BFFBF2F847" authorityName="von Nordmann" authorityYear="1832" box="[898,1036,1902,1926]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D4AFF8BFFBF2F847" box="[898,1036,1902,1926]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gyrodactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen from
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94CFFB5D39CF8BEFABEF847" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[1201,1344,1903,1926]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Notropis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stramineus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D39CF8BEFABEF847" box="[1201,1344,1903,1926]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">N. stramineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cf. (
<collectingCountry id="54897607E94CFFB5D243F8BEFCA7F865" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Guadalupe</collectingCountry>
River) with a single apical prominent spine and a single row of seven spinelets.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C213697E94CFFB6D478F81BFC7CFA1A" blockId="5.[813,1467,802,2048]" lastBlockId="6.[813,1466,1414,1499]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Size and shape of the sclerotized structures of
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94CFFB5D262F81BFC9CF7C1" authorityName="King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin &amp; Bentzen" authorityYear="2013" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mediotorus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D262F81BFC9CF7C1" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G. mediotorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens from southeast populations of each of
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94FFFB6D75CFA57FF1BFA5F" box="[113,229,1414,1438]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Cyprinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venusta">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94FFFB6D75CFA57FF1BFA5F" box="[113,229,1414,1438]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. venusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94FFFB6D60AFA56FE18FA5F" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[295,486,1415,1438]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Notropis" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stramineus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94FFFB6D60AFA56FEBEFA5F" box="[295,320,1415,1438]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">N.</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94FFFB6D65BFA56FE18FA5F" box="[374,486,1415,1438]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">stramineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectingCountry id="54897607E94FFFB6D6D6FA56FD92FA5F" box="[507,620,1415,1438]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Guadalupe</collectingCountry>
River) overlapped. Compared to the type-material [
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E94FFFB6D575FA74FD8CFA7D" author="King S &amp; Marcogliese D &amp; Forest J &amp; McLaughlin J &amp; Bentzen P." box="[600,626,1445,1468]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1062 - 1066" refId="ref12553" refString="48. King S, Marcogliese D, Forest J, McLaughlin J, Bentzen P. 2013. Description of Gyrodactylus mediotorus n. sp. (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) infecting spottail shiner (Notropis hudsonius) from the St. Lawrence River. Canada. Journal of Parasitology, 99, 1062 - 1066." type="journal article" year="2013">48</bibRefCitation>
], noticeable intraspecific variability was observed, mainly in terms of the (i) shorter hamuli (55.9–62.6 µm in this study
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94FFFB6D5B3FA32FD4DFA3B" box="[670,691,1507,1530]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">vs</emphasis>
. 65.7– 69.7 µm in the original description), and (ii) the shorter ventral bar (30.7–36.9 µm in this study
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94FFFB6D694F9F1FE30F9F6" box="[441,462,1568,1591]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">vs</emphasis>
. 36.4–41.3 µm in the original description). Although well visible on the photographs, King
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94FFFB6D75CF98CFF5BF9B5" box="[113,165,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
[
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E94FFFB6D79EF98CFF33F9B5" author="King S &amp; Marcogliese D &amp; Forest J &amp; McLaughlin J &amp; Bentzen P." box="[179,205,1629,1652]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1062 - 1066" refId="ref12553" refString="48. King S, Marcogliese D, Forest J, McLaughlin J, Bentzen P. 2013. Description of Gyrodactylus mediotorus n. sp. (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) infecting spottail shiner (Notropis hudsonius) from the St. Lawrence River. Canada. Journal of Parasitology, 99, 1062 - 1066." type="journal article" year="2013">48</bibRefCitation>
] did not mention the presence of a knob in the median part of the ventral bar or a prominent filament attachment posteriorly to the handle of the marginal hooks. The median knob of the ventral bar was later emphasized by Leis
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94FFFB6D5EAF969FCFEF911" box="[711,768,1720,1744]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
[
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E94FFFB6D757F906FF6AF92F" author="Leis E &amp; Easy R &amp; Cone D." box="[122,148,1751,1774]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="247 - 253" refId="ref12948" refString="56. Leis E, Easy R, Cone D. 2021. A variant of Gyrodactylus mediotorus King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin and Bentzen, 2013 (Monogenea) identified from weed shiner (Notropis texanus) in Wisconsin portions of the upper Mississippi River. Systematic Parasitology, 98, 247 - 253." type="journal article" year="2021">56</bibRefCitation>
] when reporting a variant of
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94FFFB6D6E6F907FDA1F92F" authorityName="King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin &amp; Bentzen" authorityYear="2013" box="[459,607,1750,1774]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mediotorus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94FFFB6D6E6F907FDA1F92F" box="[459,607,1750,1774]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. mediotorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94FFFB6D5A7F906FD07F92F" box="[650,761,1751,1774]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Notropis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="texanus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94FFFB6D5A7F906FD07F92F" box="[650,761,1751,1774]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">N. texanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whereas the additional filament marking the posterior end of the marginal hooks was not highlighted. The specimens of
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94FFFB6D75CF8E3FEF7F88B" authorityName="King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin &amp; Bentzen" authorityYear="2013" box="[113,265,1842,1866]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mediotorus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94FFFB6D75CF8E3FEF7F88B" box="[113,265,1842,1866]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. mediotorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
studied herein can be compared to the so-farunknown
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94FFFB6D7F6F880FE73F8A9" box="[219,397,1873,1897]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94FFFB6D7F6F880FE9BF8A8" box="[219,357,1873,1897]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gyrodactylus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94FFFB6D6B8F880FDDCF8A8" box="[405,546,1873,1897]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
“
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94FFFB6D689F880FDEDF8A9" box="[420,531,1873,1897]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Cyprinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venusta">C. venusta</taxonomicName>
”
</emphasis>
collected recently in Mississippi [
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E94FFFB6D7DAF8A1FEEFF846" author="Rahmouni C &amp; Seifertova M &amp; Simkova A." box="[247,273,1904,1927]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref14012" refString="82. Rahmouni C, Seifertova M, Simkova A. 2023. Revealing the hidden diversity of Gyrodactylus communities (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) from Nearctic Catostomidae and Leuciscidae fish hosts (Teleostei: Cypriniformes), with description of ten new species. Parasite, 30, 40." type="journal volume" year="2023">82</bibRefCitation>
] in having a similar haptoral morphotype, but mainly because of the presence of the ventral bar knob and the filament of the marginal hooks. Yet, considerable variation in the size of the ventral bar is observed (30.7–36.9 µm in this study
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94FFFB6D7C8F83BFF04F7C0" box="[229,250,2026,2049]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">vs</emphasis>
. 20.1 µm in [
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E94FFFB6D6B7F83BFE4AF7C0" author="Rahmouni C &amp; Seifertova M &amp; Simkova A." box="[410,436,2026,2049]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref14012" refString="82. Rahmouni C, Seifertova M, Simkova A. 2023. Revealing the hidden diversity of Gyrodactylus communities (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) from Nearctic Catostomidae and Leuciscidae fish hosts (Teleostei: Cypriniformes), with description of ten new species. Parasite, 30, 40." type="journal volume" year="2023">82</bibRefCitation>
]). Likewise, our specimens of
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94FFFB6D400FA57FC3AFA5F" authorityName="King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin &amp; Bentzen" authorityYear="2013" box="[813,964,1414,1438]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mediotorus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94FFFB6D400FA57FC3AFA5F" box="[813,964,1414,1438]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. mediotorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possessed a longer ventral bar than
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94FFFB6D27DFA57FC9CFA7C" authorityName="King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin &amp; Bentzen" authorityYear="2013" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mediotorus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94FFFB6D27DFA57FC9CFA7C" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. mediotorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94FFFB6D48BFA77FBEBFA7C" box="[934,1045,1446,1469]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Notropis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="texanus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94FFFB6D48BFA77FBEBFA7C" box="[934,1045,1446,1469]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">N. texanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(30.7–36.9 µm in this study
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94FFFB6D262FA77FA9AFA7C" box="[1359,1380,1446,1469]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">vs</emphasis>
. 22 µm in [
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E94FFFB6D47CFA15FC95FA1A" author="Leis E &amp; Easy R &amp; Cone D." box="[849,875,1476,1499]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="247 - 253" refId="ref12948" refString="56. Leis E, Easy R, Cone D. 2021. A variant of Gyrodactylus mediotorus King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin and Bentzen, 2013 (Monogenea) identified from weed shiner (Notropis texanus) in Wisconsin portions of the upper Mississippi River. Systematic Parasitology, 98, 247 - 253." type="journal article" year="2021">56</bibRefCitation>
]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:location id="DC3168929A58359F47CECC86F703C0FE">
<mods:url id="D3BA44ECE0AD87BC5BB0AD1CBE486581">http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2024023</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="FD7131003A88F8031E986337BAE7F2D6">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="A6A08583CCDBF3C3869649A9ADF6AB2E" type="DOI">10.1051/parasite/2024023</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C261044B9F6798061626782397CA422C" type="ISSN">1776-1042</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="AC275037D0BC5543EE55B00013603F11" type="PMC">PMC11166112</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="80E52285015BB3A2B354AA3EA1C95D5C" type="PubMed">38860920</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E8DFDC7774C8E3507B7639343F87A3D0" type="Zenodo-Dep">12524595</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="AA68555CAF9C07732323C5A52A0B213C" type="ZooBank">A2F025CD-7379-4E84-921B-AC565CD1EAC8</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="A4378781E94DFFB5D75CF92BFF15F9B2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A4378781E94DFFB5D75CF92BFF15F9B2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A4378781E94DFFB5D75CF92BFF15F9B2" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<subSubSection id="6484651CE94DFFB4D75CF92BFD5EF8CE" box="[113,672,1786,1807]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="2C213697E94DFFB4D75CF92BFD5EF8CE" blockId="4.[113,672,1786,1835]" box="[113,672,1786,1807]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<heading id="776981FBE94DFFB4D75CF92BFD5EF8CE" box="[113,672,1786,1807]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94DFFB4D75CF92BFD5EF8CE" ID-CoL="3HZ2Y" authority="Mizelle and Kritsky, 1967" authorityName="Mizelle and Kritsky" authorityYear="1967" box="[113,672,1786,1807]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crysoleucas">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94DFFB4D75CF92BFD5EF8CE" bold="true" box="[113,672,1786,1807]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94DFFB4D75CF92BFE75F8CE" bold="true" box="[113,395,1786,1807]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Gyrodactylus crysoleucas</emphasis>
Mizelle and Kritsky, 1967
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6484651CE94DFFB5D75CF8C6FF15F9B2" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph id="2C213697E94DFFB4D75CF8C6FEDEF8EA" blockId="4.[113,672,1786,1835]" box="[113,288,1815,1835]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94DFFB4D75CF8C6FEDEF8EA" bold="true" box="[113,288,1815,1835]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
(
<figureCitation id="B4A52A12E94DFFB4D754F8C6FEE6F8EA" box="[121,280,1815,1835]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[113,180,726,747]" captionTargetBox="[302,1285,238,706]" captionTargetId="figure-854@5.[302,1285,238,706]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Photomicrographs (A) and line drawings (B) of Gyrodactylus crysoleucas from the blacktail shiner, Cyprinella venusta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12524597" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12524597/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figures 1A–1B</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C213697E94DFFB4D7B4F89EFF0FF803" blockId="4.[113,768,1871,2047]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Previous records: golden shiner,
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94DFFB4D52DF881FF57F844" ID-CoL="3HZ2Y" authority=", Rooney Pond" authorityName="Rooney Pond" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crysoleucas">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94DFFB4D52DF881FD62F8A6" box="[512,668,1871,1895]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">N. crysoleucas</emphasis>
, Rooney Pond
</taxonomicName>
,
<quantity id="EB669B72E94DFFB4D796F8BFFEE5F844" box="[187,283,1902,1925]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7358848" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mi" value="17.0">17 miles</quantity>
east of Sacramento,
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E94DFFB4D53DF8BFFD84F844" box="[528,634,1902,1925]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">California</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="54897607E94DFFB4D5A6F8BFFD41F844" box="[651,703,1902,1925]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">USA</collectingCountry>
[
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E94DFFB4D5FBF8BFFD0EF844" author="Mizelle JD &amp; Kritsky DC" box="[726,752,1902,1925]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="390 - 401" refId="ref13317" refString="65. Mizelle JD, Kritsky DC. 1967. Studies on monogenetic trematodes. XXXIII. New species of Gyrodactylus and a key to the North American species. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 86, 390 - 401." type="journal article" year="1967">65</bibRefCitation>
]; captive
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94DFFB4D7EBF85CFE9EF865" ID-CoL="3HZ2Y" box="[198,352,1932,1956]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crysoleucas">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94DFFB4D7EBF85CFE9EF865" box="[198,352,1932,1956]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">N. crysoleucas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, private baitfish,
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E94DFFB4D532F85DFD75F862" box="[543,651,1932,1955]" country="United States of America" name="Minnesota" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Minnesota</collectingRegion>
[
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E94DFFB4D5B3F85DFD46F862" author="Leis E &amp; King S &amp; Leis S &amp; Cone D." box="[670,696,1932,1955]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="105 - 110" refId="ref12900" refString="55. Leis E, King S, Leis S, Cone D. 2016. Infections of Gyrodactylus crysoleucas and Gyrodactylus sp. (Monogenea) at a golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas) farm in Minnesota. Comparative Parasitology, 83, 105 - 110." type="journal article" year="2016">55</bibRefCitation>
], both in the
<collectingCountry id="54897607E94DFFB4D79BF87AFF13F803" box="[182,237,1963,1986]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">USA</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C213697E94DFFB4D7B4F81BFE24F83E" blockId="4.[113,768,1871,2047]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Present study: blacktail shiner,
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94DFFB4D6D0F818FD8DF820" authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1856" box="[509,627,1993,2017]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Cyprinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venusta">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94DFFB4D6D0F818FD8DF820" box="[509,627,1993,2017]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. venusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, West Mud Creek, Neches River,
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E94DFFB4D677F839FE64F83E" box="[346,410,2024,2047]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Texas</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="54897607E94DFFB4D68BF839FE24F83E" box="[422,474,2024,2047]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C213697E94DFFB4D478FA55FBCDFA5A" blockId="4.[813,1467,1412,2047]" box="[853,1075,1412,1436]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Site of infection: fins</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C213697E94DFFB4D478FA72FB95FA36" blockId="4.[813,1467,1412,2047]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Prevalence and intensity of infection: 2.9%, a single infected host out of 34 investigated, two
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94DFFB4D3C4FA10FA8DFA18" authorityName="von Nordmann" authorityYear="1832" box="[1257,1395,1473,1497]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94DFFB4D3C4FA10FA8DFA18" box="[1257,1395,1473,1497]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Gyrodactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen on a single infected host.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C213697E94DFFB4D478FA2EFBABF9D7" blockId="4.[813,1467,1412,2047]" box="[853,1109,1535,1558]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Voucher:
<collectionCode id="4A8FAE52E94DFFB4D491FA2EFBFBF9D7" box="[956,1029,1535,1558]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">IPCAS</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="4A8FAE52E94DFFB4D323FA2EFBD0F9D7" box="[1038,1070,1535,1558]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">M-</collectionCode>
795
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C213697E94DFFB4D478F9CCFC69F992" blockId="4.[813,1467,1412,2047]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Host GenBank accession number: cyt-
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94DFFB4D237F9CCFAD9F9F4" box="[1306,1319,1565,1589]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">b</emphasis>
: PP314044– PP314045
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C213697E94DFFB4D478F98BFBB9F951" blockId="4.[813,1467,1412,2047]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Parasite GenBank accession numbers: 18S rDNA: PP309996;
<collectionCode id="4A8FAE52E94DFFB4D48BF9A8FC2EF951" box="[934,976,1657,1680]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ITS</collectionCode>
: PP309998
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C213697E94DFFB5D478F946FDD7FB69" blockId="4.[813,1467,1412,2047]" lastBlockId="5.[113,768,802,1651]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Morphology: Haptor subcircular, anchor base with folds, tips curved inward, total length 51.6 (51.2–51.9;
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94DFFB4D218F967FABCF90C" box="[1333,1346,1718,1741]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">n</emphasis>
= 2); shaft slightly bowed, length 39.6 (39–40.3;
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94DFFB4D3F8F904FB1CF92D" box="[1237,1250,1749,1772]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">n</emphasis>
= 2); point curved and elongate, length 22.9 (22.5–23.4;
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94DFFB4D3E1F922FB27F8CB" box="[1228,1241,1779,1802]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">n</emphasis>
= 2); root relatively short, tapered, length 14.3 (13.1–15.5;
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94DFFB4D3ECF8C3FB30F8E8" box="[1217,1230,1810,1833]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">n</emphasis>
= 2). Ventral bar with short, blunt lateral processes extending out of bar, total length 23.1 (23–23.2;
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94DFFB4D4F8F89EFC1CF8A7" box="[981,994,1871,1894]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">n</emphasis>
= 2), total width 22.9 (22.7–23.1;
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94DFFB4D246F89EFA86F8A7" box="[1387,1400,1871,1894]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">n</emphasis>
= 2), lateral processes length 2 (1.5–2.5;
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94DFFB4D3BBF8BFFB5DF844" box="[1174,1187,1902,1925]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">n</emphasis>
= 2), distance between tips 22.4 (21.5–23.3;
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94DFFB4D4CBF85DFC0DF862" box="[998,1011,1932,1955]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">n</emphasis>
= 2), median width 5.3 (5.2–5.3;
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94DFFB4D240F85DFA84F862" box="[1389,1402,1932,1955]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">n</emphasis>
= 2), membrane (shield) almost trapezoid tapering posteriorly and extending almost 1/2 of length of anchor shaft, no striations or ridges were observed, length 15 (13.8–16.2;
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94DFFB4D206F839FAC6F83E" box="[1323,1336,2024,2047]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">n</emphasis>
= 2), width at the insertion 12.8 (12.3–13.4;
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D6ECFCF2FE30FCFB" box="[449,462,803,826]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">n</emphasis>
= 4). Dorsal bar straight with projections near each end, attenuated ends inserted into terminal plates, total length 21.9 (19.4–24.4;
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D6DCFCB1FE00FCB6" box="[497,510,864,887]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">n</emphasis>
= 2), width at midpoint 2.5 (2.2–2.7;
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D62FFCAEFEF1FC57" box="[258,271,895,918]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">n</emphasis>
= 2). Marginal hooks total length 25.6 (25.1– 26.1;
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D79CFC4CFF40FC75" box="[177,190,925,948]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">n</emphasis>
= 2); sickle foot noticeable with downward globose heel, prominent triangular toe, conspicuous shelf; sickle proper almost as thick as toe base, shaft length 5.2 (4.9–5.5;
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D599FC0BFD3FFC30" box="[692,705,986,1009]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">n</emphasis>
= 2); sickle length to shaft attachment 3.5 (3.4–3.5;
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D546FC28FD86FBD1" box="[619,632,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">n</emphasis>
= 2); sickle proximal width 2.9 (2.6–3.2;
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D6EAFBC6FE2AFBEF" box="[455,468,1047,1070]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">n</emphasis>
= 2); sickle distal width 3.7 (3.6–3.8;
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D62FFBE7FEF1FB8C" box="[258,271,1078,1101]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">n</emphasis>
= 2)
<subScript id="B01A34D2E94CFFB5D66BFB91FEB5FB91" attach="left" box="[326,331,1088,1104]" fontSize="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">;</subScript>
point relatively thin and slightly curved, length 1.5 (1.3–1.8;
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D67BFB85FE9DFBAA" box="[342,355,1108,1131]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">n</emphasis>
= 2); filament loop extending about 1/2 of handle length, length 8.9 (8.3–9.5;
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D509FBA2FDCFFB4B" box="[548,561,1139,1162]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">n</emphasis>
= 2); handle length 20.8 (19.9–21.6;
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D60BFB43FECDFB68" box="[294,307,1170,1193]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">n</emphasis>
= 2).
<collectionCode id="4A8FAE52E94CFFB5D655FB40FE4AFB69" box="[376,436,1169,1192]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MCO</collectionCode>
not found.
</paragraph>
<caption id="78E1661FE94CFFB5D75CFD07FA99FD2D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12524597" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12524597" box="[113,1383,726,748]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12524597/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[113,180,726,747]" targetBox="[302,1285,238,706]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="2C213697E94CFFB5D75CFD07FA99FD2D" blockId="5.[113,1383,726,748]" box="[113,1383,726,748]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D75CFD07FF31FD2A" bold="true" box="[113,207,726,747]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figure 1.</emphasis>
Photomicrographs (A) and line drawings (B) of
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94CFFB5D59DFD07FC56FD2D" box="[688,936,726,748]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crysoleucas">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D59DFD07FC56FD2D" box="[688,936,726,748]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gyrodactylus crysoleucas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the blacktail shiner,
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94CFFB5D386FD07FA9EFD2D" authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1856" box="[1195,1376,726,748]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Cyprinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venusta">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D386FD07FA9EFD2D" box="[1195,1376,726,748]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cyprinella venusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2C213697E94CFFB5D7B4FB61FF15F9B2" blockId="5.[113,768,802,1651]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Considering the original study by Mizelle and Kritsky [
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E94CFFB5D5FAFB61FD0FFB06" author="Mizelle JD &amp; Kritsky DC" box="[727,753,1200,1223]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="390 - 401" refId="ref13317" refString="65. Mizelle JD, Kritsky DC. 1967. Studies on monogenetic trematodes. XXXIII. New species of Gyrodactylus and a key to the North American species. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 86, 390 - 401." type="journal article" year="1967">65</bibRefCitation>
], our specimens presented relatively (i) shorter anchors (51.2–51.9 µm in this study
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D694FB3CFE30FAC5" box="[441,462,1261,1284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">vs</emphasis>
. 55–61 µm in the original description), and (ii) a shorter ventral bar (23–23.2 µm in this study
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D79FFAFBFF39FA80" box="[178,199,1322,1345]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">vs</emphasis>
. 25–32 µm in the original description). The shape of the marginal hooks was similar with a downward heel and prominent finger-like toe and shelf, but with a slightly thinner shaft of the sickle proper in the case of our specimens. Photographs published by Leis
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D698FA74FE17FA7D" box="[437,489,1444,1468]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
[
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E94CFFB5D6DAFA75FDEFFA7A" author="Leis E &amp; King S &amp; Leis S &amp; Cone D." box="[503,529,1444,1467]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="105 - 110" refId="ref12900" refString="55. Leis E, King S, Leis S, Cone D. 2016. Infections of Gyrodactylus crysoleucas and Gyrodactylus sp. (Monogenea) at a golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas) farm in Minnesota. Comparative Parasitology, 83, 105 - 110." type="journal article" year="2016">55</bibRefCitation>
] provided more details about the morphology of the haptoral sclerotized structures of
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94CFFB5D75CFA30FEF1FA38" box="[113,271,1505,1529]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crysoleucas">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D75CFA30FEF1FA38" box="[113,271,1505,1529]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G. crysoleucas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and indicated that our specimens parasitizing
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94CFFB5D75CF9D1FF1EF9D6" authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1856" box="[113,224,1536,1560]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Cyprinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venusta">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D75CF9D1FF1EF9D6" box="[113,224,1536,1560]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. venusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sampled in its natural southcentral range and those found on cultured
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94CFFB5D66BF9CEFE1BF9F7" box="[326,485,1566,1590]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crysoleucas">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94CFFB5D66BF9CEFE1BF9F7" box="[326,485,1566,1590]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">N. crysoleucas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E94CFFB5D538F9CEFD7CF9F7" box="[533,642,1567,1590]" country="United States of America" name="Minnesota" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Minnesota</collectingRegion>
were of a similar shape, and that measurements of the hard parts mostly overlapped.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document id="AC8245FF87E829AD23A5960B5CDEF057" ID-DOI="10.1051/parasite/2024023" ID-ISSN="1776-1042" ID-PMC="PMC11166112" ID-PubMed="38860920" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12524595" ID-ZooBank="A2F025CD-7379-4E84-921B-AC565CD1EAC8" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1719280007660" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Rahmouni, Chahrazed, Seifertová, Mária, Bean, Megan G. &amp; Šimková, Andrea" docDate="2024" docId="A4378781E94EFFB7D75CFD67FD85F893" docLanguage="en" docName="Parasite.31.29.pdf" docOrigin="Parasite (Paris, France) 31 (29)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2024023" docStyle="DocumentStyle:A40D95A4C09C797DBB807E438D2BF437.2:Parasite.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="A40D95A4C09C797DBB807E438D2BF437" docStyleName="Parasite.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Gyrodactylus mediotorus King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin and Bentzen 2013" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="580EFFF9E949FFB0D72DFFD1FFFEFFC1" masterDocTitle="Intraspecific variation in Gyrodactylus mediotorus and G. crysoleucas (Gyrodactylidae) from Nearctic shiners (Leuciscidae): evidence for ongoing speciation, host-switching, and parasite translocation" masterLastPageNumber="14" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1721142600575" updateUser="valdenar" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="6B95BDC0736C5535A801EAEF4EF15699">Intraspecific variation in Gyrodactylus mediotorus and G. crysoleucas (Gyrodactylidae) from Nearctic shiners (Leuciscidae): evidence for ongoing speciation, host-switching, and parasite translocation</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="37A41AE211C13BA3B69DAB2E150024E9">Rahmouni, Chahrazed</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2F946B62250B943C1BBB3EC2CF56638B">Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DF84AC30312FC190ABC80C0DE365BBB3">Seifertová, Mária</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4B84AAD2759A2D5F38D7E44D4D0DF5C8">Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F28D06464E2AA89565FEED54BFCCFBDF">Bean, Megan G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="371C1163F5B82A77DD31FBE7F4065870">Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, 5103 Junction Highway, Mountain Home, TX, 78058, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="64513C970DEBC416F8E8139616F2227C">Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="A4378781E94EFFB7D75CFD67FD85F893" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A4378781E94EFFB7D75CFD67FD85F893" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A4378781E94EFFB7D75CFD67FD85F893" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<subSubSection id="6484651CE94EFFB7D75CFD67FE7AFD0A" box="[113,388,694,715]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="2C213697E94EFFB7D75CFD67FE7AFD0A" blockId="7.[113,388,694,715]" box="[113,388,694,715]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D75CFD67FE7AFD0A" ID-CoL="3HZ8Y" authorityName="King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin and Bentzen" authorityYear="2013" box="[113,388,694,715]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mediotorus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D75CFD67FE7AFD0A" bold="true" box="[113,388,694,715]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Gyrodactylus mediotorus</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="2C213697E94EFFB7D7B4FD21FD85F893" blockId="7.[113,768,751,1875]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Two fragments, the first covering the 18S rDNA region (436 bp) and the second covering the
<collectionCode id="4A8FAE52E94EFFB7D523FCDFFDCBFCE4" box="[526,565,782,805]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ITS</collectionCode>
region (1,010 bp), were successfully sequenced for two gyrodactylid specimens from each of
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D623FC9AFE7FFCA3" box="[270,385,843,867]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Cyprinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venusta">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D623FC9AFE7FFCA3" box="[270,385,843,867]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. venusta</emphasis>
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and
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D692FC9AFD85FCA3" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[447,635,843,866]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Notropis" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stramineus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D692FC9AFE26FCA3" box="[447,472,843,866]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N.</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D527FC9AFD85FCA3" box="[522,635,843,866]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">stramineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
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River) from Texas. For each gene, no intraspecific variability associated with respective fish hosts was found. Based on sequences of the 18S rDNA region, nBLAST search recovered two variants of
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D634FC14FE51FC1C" authorityName="King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin and Bentzen" authorityYear="2013" box="[281,431,965,989]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mediotorus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D634FC14FE51FC1C" box="[281,431,965,989]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G. mediotorus</emphasis>
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from the farmed spottail shiner
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D75CFC35FF01FC3D" baseAuthorityName="Clinton" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[113,255,996,1020]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Notropis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hudsonius">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D75CFC35FF01FC3D" box="[113,255,996,1020]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. hudsonius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
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(
<collectingCountry id="54897607E94EFFB7D681FC35FE02FC3A" box="[428,508,996,1019]" name="Canada" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Canada</collectingCountry>
) (
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178302, [
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E94EFFB7D58FFC35FD42FC3A" author="King S &amp; Marcogliese D &amp; Forest J &amp; McLaughlin J &amp; Bentzen P." box="[674,700,996,1019]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1062 - 1066" refId="ref12553" refString="48. King S, Marcogliese D, Forest J, McLaughlin J, Bentzen P. 2013. Description of Gyrodactylus mediotorus n. sp. (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) infecting spottail shiner (Notropis hudsonius) from the St. Lawrence River. Canada. Journal of Parasitology, 99, 1062 - 1066." type="journal article" year="2013">48</bibRefCitation>
]) and the native weed shiner
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D64AFBD2FE29FBDB" box="[359,471,1027,1050]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Notropis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="texanus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D64AFBD2FE29FBDB" box="[359,471,1027,1050]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. texanus</emphasis>
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from the Upper
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in
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(
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) (
<collectionCode id="4A8FAE52E94EFFB7D673FBF0FE70FBF9" box="[350,398,1057,1080]" country="Netherlands" name="Museum Wasmann" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MW</collectionCode>
666777, [
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E94EFFB7D6D8FBF0FDF1FBF9" author="Leis E &amp; Easy R &amp; Cone D." box="[501,527,1057,1080]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="247 - 253" refId="ref12948" refString="56. Leis E, Easy R, Cone D. 2021. A variant of Gyrodactylus mediotorus King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin and Bentzen, 2013 (Monogenea) identified from weed shiner (Notropis texanus) in Wisconsin portions of the upper Mississippi River. Systematic Parasitology, 98, 247 - 253." type="journal article" year="2021">56</bibRefCitation>
]) as identical matches to our specimens (respectively, 100% similarity, 100% coverage; 100% similarity, 94% coverage). Likewise, nBLAST search using the
<collectionCode id="4A8FAE52E94EFFB7D609FBACFEB5FB55" box="[292,331,1149,1172]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ITS</collectionCode>
sequences indicated the same variants of
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D75CFB4AFEF9FB72" authorityName="King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin and Bentzen" authorityYear="2013" box="[113,263,1179,1203]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mediotorus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D75CFB4AFEF9FB72" box="[113,263,1179,1203]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G. mediotorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the
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(
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666182, [
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E94EFFB7D562FB4AFD97FB73" author="Leis E &amp; Easy R &amp; Cone D." box="[591,617,1179,1202]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="247 - 253" refId="ref12948" refString="56. Leis E, Easy R, Cone D. 2021. A variant of Gyrodactylus mediotorus King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin and Bentzen, 2013 (Monogenea) identified from weed shiner (Notropis texanus) in Wisconsin portions of the upper Mississippi River. Systematic Parasitology, 98, 247 - 253." type="journal article" year="2021">56</bibRefCitation>
]) and
<collectingCountry id="54897607E94EFFB7D59FFB4AFCFEFB73" box="[690,768,1179,1202]" name="Canada" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Canada</collectingCountry>
(
<collectionCode id="4A8FAE52E94EFFB7D757FB6BFF62FB10" box="[122,156,1210,1233]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">KF</collectionCode>
178301, [
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E94EFFB7D628FB6BFEE1FB10" author="King S &amp; Marcogliese D &amp; Forest J &amp; McLaughlin J &amp; Bentzen P." box="[261,287,1210,1233]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1062 - 1066" refId="ref12553" refString="48. King S, Marcogliese D, Forest J, McLaughlin J, Bentzen P. 2013. Description of Gyrodactylus mediotorus n. sp. (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) infecting spottail shiner (Notropis hudsonius) from the St. Lawrence River. Canada. Journal of Parasitology, 99, 1062 - 1066." type="journal article" year="2013">48</bibRefCitation>
]) as the closest matches to our specimens (respectively, 98.91% similarity, 99% coverage; 98.42% similarity, 99% coverage). In accordance with the morphological characterization, the parasite specimens we collected were genetically recognized as
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D657FAE5FDF0FA8D" authorityName="King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin and Bentzen" authorityYear="2013" box="[378,526,1332,1356]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mediotorus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D657FAE5FDF0FA8D" box="[378,526,1332,1356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G. mediotorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
following the delimitation by Ziȩtara and Lumme [116]. Yet, genetic intraspecific variation was found when comparing newly obtained and published sequences of
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D7D1FA5EFE70FA66" authorityName="King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin and Bentzen" authorityYear="2013" box="[252,398,1423,1447]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mediotorus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D7D1FA5EFE70FA66" box="[252,398,1423,1447]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G. mediotorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D6B1FA41FE52FA66" box="[412,428,1424,1447]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P</emphasis>
-distances using sequences of the
<collectionCode id="4A8FAE52E94EFFB7D75CFA7FFF66FA04" box="[113,152,1454,1477]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ITS</collectionCode>
regions approached the limit value (1%) [116] with our specimens of
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D62DFA1DFE6AFA25" authorityName="King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin and Bentzen" authorityYear="2013" box="[256,404,1484,1508]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mediotorus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D62DFA1DFE6AFA25" box="[256,404,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G. mediotorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D6F9FA1DFDBFFA25" box="[468,577,1484,1508]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Cyprinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venusta">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D6F9FA1DFDBFFA25" box="[468,577,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. venusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D558FA1CFF5FF9C2" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1865" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Notropis" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stramineus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D558FA1CFD70FA25" box="[629,654,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N.</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D598FA1CFF5FF9C2" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">stramineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectingCountry id="54897607E94EFFB7D799FA3AFEDBF9C3" box="[180,293,1515,1538]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Guadalupe</collectingCountry>
River) from the southcentral basin (
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E94EFFB7D594FA3AFD07F9C3" box="[697,761,1515,1538]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Texas</collectingRegion>
) genetically closer to those found on
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D6C7F9DBFDA9F9E0" box="[490,599,1546,1569]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Notropis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="texanus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D6C7F9DBFDA9F9E0" box="[490,599,1546,1569]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. texanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Upper
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E94EFFB7D75CF9F9FF1BF9FE" box="[113,229,1576,1599]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E94EFFB7D7DEF9F9FE9DF9FE" box="[243,355,1576,1599]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="54897607E94EFFB7D641F9F9FE5FF9FE" box="[364,417,1576,1599]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">USA</collectingCountry>
) (
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D69AF9F8FE3AF981" box="[439,452,1577,1600]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">p</emphasis>
-distance = 0.2%; 2 bp) than to
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D75CF997FF05F99F" authorityName="von Nordmann" authorityYear="1832" box="[113,251,1606,1630]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D75CF997FF05F99F" box="[113,251,1606,1630]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Gyrodactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens parasitizing
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D528F996FD6DF99F" baseAuthorityName="Clinton" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[517,659,1606,1630]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Notropis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hudsonius">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D528F996FD6DF99F" box="[517,659,1606,1630]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. hudsonius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the northeastern locality (
<collectingCountry id="54897607E94EFFB7D67FF9B7FE5CF9BC" box="[338,418,1638,1661]" name="Canada" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Canada</collectingCountry>
) (
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D694F9B7FE38F9BC" box="[441,454,1638,1661]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">p</emphasis>
-distance = 0.9%; 9 bp). With high support values (
<collectionCode id="4A8FAE52E94EFFB7D66BF955FE9AF95A" box="[326,356,1668,1691]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">PP</collectionCode>
= 1, BS = 100), the phylogenetic reconstruction (
<figureCitation id="B4A52A12E94EFFB7D7F5F972FED0F97B" box="[216,302,1699,1722]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[113,180,1343,1364]" captionTargetBox="[223,1351,240,1317]" captionTargetId="figure-362@8.[219,1353,238,1323]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Bayesian inference (BI) phylogram of Gyrodactylus spp. parasitizing Nearctic Cypriniformes based on sequences of the ITS regions (927 bp). Values above branches indicate posterior probabilities (PP) from BI analyses and bootstrap support (BS) from ML. Values below 0.80 (BI) and 70 (ML) are shown as dashes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12524603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12524603/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 3</figureCitation>
) indicated the monophyly of three variants of
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D75CF910FEF7F918" authorityName="King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin and Bentzen" authorityYear="2013" box="[113,265,1729,1753]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mediotorus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D75CF910FEF7F918" box="[113,265,1729,1753]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G. mediotorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with sister position to the clade of
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D5A6F910FDFBF936" authority="Pinacho-Pinacho et al., 2021" authorityName="Pinacho-Pinacho" authorityYear="2021" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ticuchi">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D5A6F910FF24F936" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Gyrodactylus ticuchi</emphasis>
Pinacho-Pinacho et al., 2021
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectionCode id="4A8FAE52E94EFFB7D53EF931FDC4F936" box="[531,570,1760,1783]" country="Russia" name="Mus. Tinro, Vladyvostok" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MT</collectionCode>
879676) and
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D5EFF90EFD94F8D4" authority="Pinacho-Pinacho et al., 2021" authorityName="Pinacho-Pinacho" authorityYear="2021" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="tobala">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D5EFF90EFEE6F8D7" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Gyrodactylus tobala</emphasis>
Pinacho-Pinacho et al., 2021
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectionCode id="4A8FAE52E94EFFB7D5AFF92FFD57F8D4" box="[642,681,1790,1813]" country="Russia" name="Mus. Tinro, Vladyvostok" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MT</collectionCode>
879671) parasitizing
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D7C0F8CCFDC3F8F5" authority="de Buen, 1955" authorityName="de Buen" authorityYear="1955" box="[237,573,1820,1844]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Notropis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="moralesi">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D7C0F8CCFE5BF8F5" box="[237,421,1820,1844]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Notropis moralesi</emphasis>
de Buen, 1955
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D541F8CCFEDBF893" authority="Cortes, 1968" authorityName="Cortes" authorityYear="1968" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Notropis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imeldae">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D541F8CCFF68F892" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Notropis imeldae</emphasis>
Cortés, 1968
</taxonomicName>
, respectively, from
<collectingCountry id="54897607E94EFFB7D6DEF8EAFDBCF893" box="[499,578,1851,1874]" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Mexico</collectingCountry>
[
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E94EFFB7D57FF8EAFD92F893" author="Pinacho-Pinacho CD &amp; Calixto-Rojas M &amp; Garcia-Vasquez A &amp; Valdivieso I &amp; Barrios-Gutierrez JJ &amp; Rubio-Godoy M." box="[594,620,1851,1874]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="831 - 848" refId="ref13749" refString="75. Pinacho-Pinacho CD, Calixto-Rojas M, Garcia-Vasquez A, Guzman- Valdivieso I, Barrios-Gutierrez JJ, Rubio-Godoy M. 2021. Species delimitation of Gyrodactylus (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) infecting the southernmost cyprinids (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae) in the New World. Parasitology Research, 120, 831 - 848." type="journal article" year="2021">75</bibRefCitation>
].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

507
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@ -0,0 +1,507 @@
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<paragraph id="2C213697E94EFFB7D400FDE5FADBFDAD" blockId="7.[813,1345,564,620]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<heading id="776981FBE94EFFB7D400FDE5FADBFDAD" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D400FDE5FB86FD8C" ID-CoL="3HZ2Y" authorityName="Mizelle and Kritsky" authorityYear="1967" box="[813,1144,564,589]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crysoleucas">
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: a successfully introduced parasite in the western
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<paragraph id="2C213697E94EFFB7D478FD58FA44FA39" blockId="7.[813,1467,649,2047]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Considering the morphometric data provided by Mizelle and Kritsky [
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E94EFFB7D4A6FD79FC5BFD7E" author="Mizelle JD &amp; Kritsky DC" box="[907,933,680,703]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="390 - 401" refId="ref13317" refString="65. Mizelle JD, Kritsky DC. 1967. Studies on monogenetic trematodes. XXXIII. New species of Gyrodactylus and a key to the North American species. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 86, 390 - 401." type="journal article" year="1967">65</bibRefCitation>
] when describing
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D341FD76FAF6FD7E" authorityName="Mizelle and Kritsky" authorityYear="1967" box="[1132,1288,679,703]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crysoleucas">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D341FD76FAF6FD7E" box="[1132,1288,679,703]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G. crysoleucas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from non-native
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D400FD16FC34FD1F" authorityName="Mizelle and Kritsky" authorityYear="1967" box="[813,970,710,734]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crysoleucas">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D400FD16FC34FD1F" box="[813,970,710,734]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. crysoleucas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, intraspecific variability was found in which specimens collected herein from the southcentral location exhibited shorter haptoral parts, mainly the hamuli and ventral bar. Genetically, while published and newly obtained sequences of the 18S rDNA regions of
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D344FC91FAF8FC99" authorityName="Mizelle and Kritsky" authorityYear="1967" box="[1129,1286,832,856]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crysoleucas">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D344FC91FAF8FC99" box="[1129,1286,832,856]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G. crysoleucas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were conserved, sequences of the
<collectionCode id="4A8FAE52E94EFFB7D4CBFC8EFBF3FCB7" box="[998,1037,863,886]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ITS</collectionCode>
regions demonstrated weak intraspecific variability on the geographical scale. Although genetic data on
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D400FC4DFC38FC75" authorityName="Mizelle and Kritsky" authorityYear="1967" box="[813,966,924,948]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crysoleucas">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D400FC4DFC38FC75" box="[813,966,924,948]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G. crysoleucas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in western freshwaters are missing, the morphological variability between our specimens and the
<typeStatus id="F3258835E94EFFB7D20AFC6AFAA3FC13" box="[1319,1373,955,978]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">types</typeStatus>
could be explained by phenotypic plasticity and/or local adaptation in the newly invaded host (habitat) or possibly allopatric isolation. In the Nearctic region, variability in haptoral morphology across distant localities was already documented in
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D23CFBE4FBFBFBAA" authority="Putz and Hoffman, 1963" authorityName="Putz and Hoffman" authorityYear="1963" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="atratuli">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D23CFBE4FA7DFB8C" box="[1297,1411,1077,1101]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G. atratuli</emphasis>
Putz and Hoffman, 1963
</taxonomicName>
, a species parasitizing a wide range of leuciscid fish hosts [
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E94EFFB7D4D2FBA3FBE7FB48" author="Hanek G &amp; Fernando CH" box="[1023,1049,1138,1161]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1331 - 1341" refId="ref12030" refString="35. Hanek G, Fernando CH. 1971. Monogenetic trematodes from the Bay of Quinte area, Ontario. II. Genus Gyrodactylus Nordmann, 1832. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 49, 1331 - 1341." type="journal article" year="1971">35</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E94EFFB7D30AFBA3FBBFFB48" author="Kirby JM" box="[1063,1089,1138,1161]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="462 - 464" refId="ref12611" refString="49. Kirby JM. 1981. Seasonal occurrence of the ectoparasite Gyrodactylus atratuli on spotfin shiners. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 110, 462 - 464." type="journal article" year="1981">49</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E94EFFB7D362FBA3FB97FB48" author="Putz RE &amp; Hoffman GL" box="[1103,1129,1138,1161]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="559 - 566" refId="ref13900" refString="79. Putz RE, Hoffman GL. 1963. Two new Gyrodactylus (Trematoda: Monogenea) from cyprinid fishes with synopsis of those found on North American fishes. Journal of Parasitology, 49, 559 - 566." type="journal article" year="1963">79</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E94EFFB7D35AFBA3FB6FFB48" author="Rahmouni C &amp; Seifertova M &amp; Simkova A." box="[1143,1169,1138,1161]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref14012" refString="82. Rahmouni C, Seifertova M, Simkova A. 2023. Revealing the hidden diversity of Gyrodactylus communities (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) from Nearctic Catostomidae and Leuciscidae fish hosts (Teleostei: Cypriniformes), with description of ten new species. Parasite, 30, 40." type="journal volume" year="2023">82</bibRefCitation>
]. nBLAST search recovered
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D400FB41FC3BFB69" authorityName="Mizelle and Kritsky" authorityYear="1967" box="[813,965,1168,1192]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crysoleucas">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D400FB41FC3BFB69" box="[813,965,1168,1192]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G. crysoleucas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D4D8FB41FB91FB69" baseAuthorityName="Yin and Sproston" baseAuthorityYear="1948" box="[1013,1135,1168,1192]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="salmonis">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D4D8FB41FB91FB69" box="[1013,1135,1168,1192]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G. salmonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from non-native salmonids with highly conservative 18S rDNA sequences, which is in accordance with the morphotype of their haptoral parts, marked by poorly developed lateral processes of the ventral bar, a short posteriorly-tapering membrane, and marginal hooks with a downward heel and finger-like toe with a prominent shelf [
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E94EFFB7D418FA99FCB1FA9E" author="Rubio-Godoy M &amp; Paladini G &amp; Freeman MA &amp; Garcia-Vasquez A &amp; Shinn AP" box="[821,847,1352,1375]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="289 - 300" refId="ref14470" refString="92. Rubio-Godoy M, Paladini G, Freeman MA, Garcia-Vasquez A, Shinn AP. 2012. Morphological and molecular characterisation of Gyrodactylus salmonis (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea) isolates collected in Mexico from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum). Veterinary Parasitology, 186, 289 - 300." type="journal article" year="2012">92</bibRefCitation>
]. Conservative 18S rDNA sequences were reported in the recently described
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D32BFAB7FC2FFA5D" authority="Rahmouni, Seifertova and Simkova, 2023" authorityName="Rahmouni, Seifertova and Simkova" authorityYear="2023" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hanseni">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D32BFAB7FB7CFABF" box="[1030,1154,1382,1406]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G. hanseni</emphasis>
Rahmouni, Seifertová and Šimková, 2023
</taxonomicName>
parasitizing both the striped shiner
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D242FA54FB78FA7A" authority="Rafinesque, 1820" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1820" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Luxilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysocephalus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D242FA54FC32FA7A" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Luxilus chrysocephalus</emphasis>
Rafinesque, 1820
</taxonomicName>
, and the creek chub,
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D27AFA72FB7EFA18" authority="(Mitchill, 1818)" baseAuthorityName="Mitchill" baseAuthorityYear="1818" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Semotilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atromaculatus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D27AFA72FC3CFA1B" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Semotilus atromaculatus</emphasis>
(Mitchill, 1818)
</taxonomicName>
, and in other
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D21DFA13FC89FA39" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D21DFA13FA44FA1B" box="[1328,1466,1474,1498]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Gyrodactylus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
from native leuciscids and cultured salmonids [
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E94EFFB7D244FA30FA7DFA39" author="Gilmore SR &amp; Cone DK &amp; Lowe G &amp; King SK &amp; Jones SRM &amp; Abbott CL" box="[1385,1411,1505,1528]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="776 - 786" refId="ref11925" refString="33. Gilmore SR, Cone DK, Lowe G, King SK, Jones SRM, Abbott CL. 2012. Molecular phylogeny of Gyrodactylus (Monogenea) parasitizing fishes in fresh water, estuarine, and marine habitats in Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 90, 776 - 786." type="journal article" year="2012">33</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E94EFFB7D2BCFA30FA55FA39" author="Rahmouni C &amp; Seifertova M &amp; Simkova A." box="[1425,1451,1505,1528]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref14012" refString="82. Rahmouni C, Seifertova M, Simkova A. 2023. Revealing the hidden diversity of Gyrodactylus communities (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) from Nearctic Catostomidae and Leuciscidae fish hosts (Teleostei: Cypriniformes), with description of ten new species. Parasite, 30, 40." type="journal volume" year="2023">82</bibRefCitation>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C213697E94EFFB8D478FA2EFA42F96F" blockId="7.[813,1467,649,2047]" lastBlockId="8.[813,1468,1504,2046]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
The present study adds two shiner species to the known hosts of
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D4A7F9CCFBDBF9F4" ID-CoL="3HZ2Y" authorityName="Mizelle and Kritsky" authorityYear="1967" box="[906,1061,1565,1589]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crysoleucas">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D4A7F9CCFBDBF9F4" box="[906,1061,1565,1589]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G. crysoleucas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
across the
<collectingCountry id="54897607E94EFFB7D38CF9CFFB26F9F4" box="[1185,1240,1566,1589]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">USA</collectingCountry>
;
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D3C8F9CFFA81F9F4" ID-CoL="3HZ2Y" authorityName="Mizelle and Kritsky" authorityYear="1967" box="[1253,1407,1565,1589]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crysoleucas">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D3C8F9CFFA81F9F4" box="[1253,1407,1565,1589]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. crysoleucas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E94EFFB7D400F9ECFC6AF995" box="[813,916,1597,1620]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">California</collectingRegion>
[
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E94EFFB7D485F9ECFC3CF995" author="Mizelle JD &amp; Kritsky DC" box="[936,962,1597,1620]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="390 - 401" refId="ref13317" refString="65. Mizelle JD, Kritsky DC. 1967. Studies on monogenetic trematodes. XXXIII. New species of Gyrodactylus and a key to the North American species. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 86, 390 - 401." type="journal article" year="1967">65</bibRefCitation>
] and
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E94EFFB7D324F9ECFB88F995" box="[1033,1142,1597,1620]" country="United States of America" name="Minnesota" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Minnesota</collectingRegion>
[
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E94EFFB7D3A7F9ECFB5AF995" author="Leis E &amp; King S &amp; Leis S &amp; Cone D." box="[1162,1188,1597,1620]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="105 - 110" refId="ref12900" refString="55. Leis E, King S, Leis S, Cone D. 2016. Infections of Gyrodactylus crysoleucas and Gyrodactylus sp. (Monogenea) at a golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas) farm in Minnesota. Comparative Parasitology, 83, 105 - 110." type="journal article" year="2016">55</bibRefCitation>
], and
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D3DCF9EDFA9AF995" ID-CoL="33HJK" box="[1265,1380,1596,1620]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Cyprinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venusta">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D3DCF9EDFA9AF995" box="[1265,1380,1596,1620]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. venusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
studied herein from
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E94EFFB7D49BF98AFC09F9B3" box="[950,1015,1627,1650]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Texas</collectingRegion>
. This study presents, thus, new host and locality records for
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D325F9A8FB58F950" ID-CoL="3HZ2Y" authorityName="Mizelle and Kritsky" authorityYear="1967" box="[1032,1190,1657,1681]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crysoleucas">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D325F9A8FB58F950" box="[1032,1190,1657,1681]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G. crysoleucas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. To understand the geographical range of distribution of
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D3A8F949FAE3F971" ID-CoL="3HZ2Y" authorityName="Mizelle and Kritsky" authorityYear="1967" box="[1157,1309,1688,1712]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crysoleucas">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D3A8F949FAE3F971" box="[1157,1309,1688,1712]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G. crysoleucas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it is necessary to track the historical origin of
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D347F966FAFFF90F" ID-CoL="3HZ2Y" authorityName="Mizelle and Kritsky" authorityYear="1967" box="[1130,1281,1718,1742]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crysoleucas">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D347F966FAFFF90F" box="[1130,1281,1718,1742]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. crysoleucas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D21EF967FA5EF90F" ID-CoL="33HJK" box="[1331,1440,1718,1742]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Cyprinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venusta">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D21EF967FA5EF90F" box="[1331,1440,1718,1742]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. venusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the collected areas. According to the
<collectionCode id="4A8FAE52E94EFFB7D381F904FB10F92D" box="[1196,1262,1749,1772]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3n47-ewde" name="U.S. Geological Survey" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">USGS</collectionCode>
database [
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E94EFFB7D270F904FA89F92D" author="Nico L &amp; Neilson ME" box="[1373,1399,1749,1772]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref13567" refString="71. Nico L, Neilson ME. 2023. Notemigonus crysoleucas (Mitchill, 1814): U. S. Geological Survey. Gainesville, FL: Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. Available at https: // nas. er. usgs. gov / queries / factsheet. aspx? SpeciesID = 579 (access date: 10 / 01 / 2023)." type="url" year="2023">71</bibRefCitation>
], both
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D400F925FC36F8CA" ID-CoL="3HZ2Y" authorityName="Mizelle and Kritsky" authorityYear="1967" box="[813,968,1779,1803]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crysoleucas">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D400F925FC36F8CA" box="[813,968,1779,1803]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. crysoleucas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D32FF922FB8DF8CA" ID-CoL="33HJK" box="[1026,1139,1779,1803]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Cyprinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venusta">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D32FF922FB8DF8CA" box="[1026,1139,1779,1803]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. venusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are naturally present in
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E94EFFB7D250F925FA44F8CA" box="[1405,1466,1780,1803]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Texas</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E94EFFB7D477F8C3FC37F8E8" box="[858,969,1810,1833]" country="United States of America" name="Minnesota" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Minnesota</collectingRegion>
, but not in the western part of the
<collectingCountry id="54897607E94EFFB7D21DF8C3FA99F8E8" box="[1328,1383,1810,1833]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">USA</collectingCountry>
, including
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E94EFFB7D47BF8E0FC3FF889" box="[854,961,1841,1864]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">California</collectingRegion>
. In contrast,
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D365F8E0FB1FF889" ID-CoL="3HZ2Y" authorityName="Mizelle and Kritsky" authorityYear="1967" box="[1096,1249,1840,1864]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crysoleucas">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D365F8E0FB1FF889" box="[1096,1249,1840,1864]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. crysoleucas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was previously (late 1890s) distributed to multiple water bodies in
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E94EFFB7D233F881FA7BF8A6" box="[1310,1413,1872,1895]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">California</collectingRegion>
as a major bait and forage fish species by the
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E94EFFB7D235F8BFFA81F844" box="[1304,1407,1902,1925]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">California</collectingRegion>
Fish Commission [
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E94EFFB7D4EDF85CFC24F865" author="Dill WA &amp; Cordone AJ" box="[960,986,1933,1956]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref11628" refString="26. Dill WA, Cordone AJ. 1997. History and Status of Introduced Fishes in California, 1871 - 1996, Bulletin 178. California Department of Fish and Game." type="journal volume" year="1997">26</bibRefCitation>
] and, since then, it has quickly spread in the western
<collectingCountry id="54897607E94EFFB7D4BFF87AFC38F803" box="[914,966,1963,1986]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">USA</collectingCountry>
[
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E94EFFB7D4C9F87AFC00F803" author="Swift CC &amp; Haglund TR &amp; Ruiz M &amp; Fisher RN" box="[996,1022,1963,1986]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="101 - 167" refId="ref14707" refString="98. Swift CC, Haglund TR, Ruiz M, Fisher RN. 1993. The status and distribution of the freshwater fishes of southern California. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 92, 101 - 167." type="journal article" year="1993">98</bibRefCitation>
]. This is similar to the red shiner
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D400F818FAF9F820" ID-CoL="33HHW" authority="(Baird and Girard, 1853)" baseAuthorityName="Baird and Girard" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[813,1287,1993,2017]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Cyprinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lutrensis">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D400F818FC04F820" box="[813,1018,1993,2017]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cyprinella lutrensis</emphasis>
(Baird and Girard, 1853)
</taxonomicName>
, native to central North America west of the
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E94EFFB7D365F839FB42F83E" box="[1096,1212,2024,2047]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
River drainage [
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E94EFFB7D247F839FA7AF83E" author="Froese R &amp; Pauly D." box="[1386,1412,2024,2047]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref11785" refString="30. Froese R, Pauly D. 2023. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. https: // www. fishbase. org (access date: 10 / 10 / 2023)." type="url" year="2023">30</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E94EFFB7D2BFF839FA52F83E" author="Page LM &amp; Burr BM" box="[1426,1452,2024,2047]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref13716" refString="74. Page LM, Burr BM. 2011. Peterson field guide to freshwater fishes of North America North of Mexico, 2 nd edn. USA: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt." type="book" year="2011">74</bibRefCitation>
], which was successfully introduced into California’ s inland waters [
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E941FFB8D7E6FA2EFF1BF9D7" author="Moyle PB" box="[203,229,1535,1558]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="101 - 118" refId="ref13407" refString="67. Moyle PB. 1976. Fish introductions in California: history and impact on native fishes. Biological Conservation, 9, 101 - 118." type="journal article" year="1976">67</bibRefCitation>
]. According to Moyle [
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E941FFB8D6D3FA2EFDE6F9D7" author="Moyle PB" box="[510,536,1535,1558]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="101 - 118" refId="ref13407" refString="67. Moyle PB. 1976. Fish introductions in California: history and impact on native fishes. Biological Conservation, 9, 101 - 118." type="journal article" year="1976">67</bibRefCitation>
], the golden shiner,
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E941FFB8D75CF9CCFEF6F9F4" ID-CoL="3HZ2Y" authorityName="Mizelle and Kritsky" authorityYear="1967" box="[113,264,1565,1589]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crysoleucas">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E941FFB8D75CF9CCFEF6F9F4" box="[113,264,1565,1589]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. crysoleucas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, was introduced to
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E941FFB8D6F8F9CCFDC2F9F5" box="[469,572,1565,1588]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">California</collectingRegion>
from more eastern watersheds, which makes
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E941FFB8D6BEF9EAFDCDF992" ID-CoL="3HZ2Y" authorityName="Mizelle and Kritsky" authorityYear="1967" box="[403,563,1595,1619]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crysoleucas">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E941FFB8D6BEF9EAFDCDF992" box="[403,563,1595,1619]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">G. crysoleucas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
first described by Mizelle and Kritsky [
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E941FFB8D64BF98BFE7EF9B0" author="Mizelle JD &amp; Kritsky DC" box="[358,384,1626,1649]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="390 - 401" refId="ref13317" refString="65. Mizelle JD, Kritsky DC. 1967. Studies on monogenetic trematodes. XXXIII. New species of Gyrodactylus and a key to the North American species. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 86, 390 - 401." type="journal article" year="1967">65</bibRefCitation>
] from
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E941FFB8D6F5F98BFD86F9B3" ID-CoL="3HZ2Y" authorityName="Mizelle and Kritsky" authorityYear="1967" box="[472,632,1626,1650]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crysoleucas">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E941FFB8D6F5F98BFD86F9B3" box="[472,632,1626,1650]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. crysoleucas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sampled in
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E941FFB8D75CF9A8FF26F951" box="[113,216,1657,1680]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">California</collectingRegion>
an alien parasite in the western part of the
<collectingCountry id="54897607E941FFB8D5E8F9A8FD02F951" box="[709,764,1657,1680]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">USA</collectingCountry>
, co-introduced with golden shiner hosts. This scenario is supported by the fact that
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E941FFB8D674F964FE0CF90C" ID-CoL="3HZ2Y" authorityName="Mizelle and Kritsky" authorityYear="1967" box="[345,498,1717,1741]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crysoleucas">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E941FFB8D674F964FE0CF90C" box="[345,498,1717,1741]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">G. crysoleucas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found herein on wild
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E941FFB8D75CF905FF1FF92D" ID-CoL="33HJK" box="[113,225,1748,1772]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Cyprinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venusta">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E941FFB8D75CF905FF1FF92D" box="[113,225,1748,1772]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. venusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
native to
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E941FFB8D662F905FE73F92A" box="[335,397,1748,1771]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Texas</collectingRegion>
and previously on cultured golden shiners in the far North in
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E941FFB8D6AFF922FE10F8CB" box="[386,494,1779,1802]" country="United States of America" name="Minnesota" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Minnesota</collectingRegion>
[
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E941FFB8D6D0F922FDE9F8CB" author="Leis E &amp; King S &amp; Leis S &amp; Cone D." box="[509,535,1779,1802]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="105 - 110" refId="ref12900" refString="55. Leis E, King S, Leis S, Cone D. 2016. Infections of Gyrodactylus crysoleucas and Gyrodactylus sp. (Monogenea) at a golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas) farm in Minnesota. Comparative Parasitology, 83, 105 - 110." type="journal article" year="2016">55</bibRefCitation>
], where they are often harvested from wild sources, which makes the possibility that
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E941FFB8D75CF8FEFEF1F886" ID-CoL="3HZ2Y" authorityName="Mizelle and Kritsky" authorityYear="1967" box="[113,271,1839,1863]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crysoleucas">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E941FFB8D75CF8FEFEF1F886" box="[113,271,1839,1863]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">G. crysoleucas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is of western origin less likely. Nevertheless, this statement requires further investigation since the native parasite fauna in freshwater fish is still underexplored in this region. From native
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E941FFB8D65EF85AFE07F862" ID-CoL="33HHW" baseAuthorityName="Baird and Girard" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[371,505,1931,1955]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Cyprinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lutrensis">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E941FFB8D65EF85AFE07F862" box="[371,505,1931,1955]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. lutrensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Midwestern
<collectingCountry id="54897607E941FFB8D5E6F85DFD01F862" box="[715,767,1932,1955]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">USA</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E941FFB8D755F87BFF20F800" box="[120,222,1962,1985]" country="United States of America" name="Nebraska" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nebraska</collectingRegion>
), a single species,
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E941FFB8D682F87BFD02F800" ID-CoL="3HYZS" authority="Mayes, 1977" authorityName="Mayes" authorityYear="1977" box="[431,764,1962,1986]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="callawayensis">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E941FFB8D682F87BFD9DF803" box="[431,611,1962,1986]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">G. callawayensis</emphasis>
Mayes, 1977
</taxonomicName>
, was described [
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E941FFB8D609F818FEC0F821" author="Mayes MA" box="[292,318,1993,2016]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="805 - 809" refId="ref13205" refString="62. Mayes MA. 1977. New species of Gyrodactylus and Dactylogyrus (Trematoda: Monogenea) from fishes of Nebraska. Journal of Parasitology, 63, 805 - 809." type="journal article" year="1977">62</bibRefCitation>
]. This was interestingly reminiscent of
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E941FFB8D75CF836FEEEF83E" ID-CoL="3HZ2Y" authorityName="Mizelle and Kritsky" authorityYear="1967" box="[113,272,2023,2047]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crysoleucas">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E941FFB8D75CF836FEEEF83E" box="[113,272,2023,2047]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">G. crysoleucas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
regarding the morphotype of the ventral bar characterized by poorly developed lateral processes and a short, posteriorly tapering membrane. The twisted anterior part (tips) to the hamuli is present in
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E941FFB8D364F9CCFAFEF9F4" ID-CoL="3HYZS" authorityName="Mayes" authorityYear="1977" box="[1097,1280,1565,1589]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="callawayensis">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E941FFB8D364F9CCFAFEF9F4" box="[1097,1280,1565,1589]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">G. callawayensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E941FFB8D23AF9CCFACFF9F5" author="Mayes MA" box="[1303,1329,1565,1588]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="805 - 809" refId="ref13205" refString="62. Mayes MA. 1977. New species of Gyrodactylus and Dactylogyrus (Trematoda: Monogenea) from fishes of Nebraska. Journal of Parasitology, 63, 805 - 809." type="journal article" year="1977">62</bibRefCitation>
] but not in
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E941FFB8D400F9EAFC34F992" ID-CoL="3HZ2Y" authorityName="Mizelle and Kritsky" authorityYear="1967" box="[813,970,1595,1619]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crysoleucas">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E941FFB8D400F9EAFC34F992" box="[813,970,1595,1619]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">G. crysoleucas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which discriminates these two species. Since
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E941FFB8D400F98BFC5AF9B3" ID-CoL="33HHW" baseAuthorityName="Baird and Girard" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[813,932,1626,1650]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Cyprinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lutrensis">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E941FFB8D400F98BFC5AF9B3" box="[813,932,1626,1650]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. lutrensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is non-native in western inland waters, it would be worthwhile to investigate whether the red shiner has co-introduced its native gyrodactylids to Californian freshwaters.
</paragraph>
<caption id="78E1661FE941FFB8D75CFAEEFDDAFA4D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12524603" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12524603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12524603/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[113,180,1343,1364]" targetBox="[223,1351,240,1317]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="2C213697E941FFB8D75CFAEEFDDAFA4D" blockId="8.[113,1467,1343,1420]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E941FFB8D75CFAEEFF32FA95" bold="true" box="[113,204,1343,1364]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Bayesian inference (BI) phylogram of
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E941FFB8D568FAEEFD0DFA95" box="[581,755,1343,1365]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E941FFB8D568FAEEFD3BFA94" box="[581,709,1343,1365]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Gyrodactylus</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
parasitizing Nearctic
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E941FFB8D4ECFAEEFBB5FA95" box="[961,1099,1343,1364]" class="Actinopterygii" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Cypriniformes</taxonomicName>
based on sequences of the ITS regions (927 bp). Values above branches indicate posterior probabilities (PP) from BI analyses and bootstrap support (BS) from ML. Values below 0.80 (BI) and 70 (ML) are shown as dashes.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2C213697E941FFB9D478F967FE52FBC0" blockId="8.[813,1468,1504,2046]" lastBlockId="9.[113,768,239,1025]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Only a single parasite species, namely,
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E941FFB8D221F964FA4AF90C" authorityName="Wellborn and Rogers" authorityYear="1967" box="[1292,1460,1717,1741]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="baeacanthus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E941FFB8D221F964FA4AF90C" box="[1292,1460,1717,1741]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">G. baeacanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, was formally described from
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E941FFB8D345F905FB26F92D" box="[1128,1240,1748,1772]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Cyprinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venusta">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E941FFB8D345F905FB26F92D" box="[1128,1240,1748,1772]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. venusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E941FFB8D3C6F905FAECF92A" author="Wellborn TL &amp; Rogers WA" box="[1259,1298,1748,1771]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="10 - 14" refId="ref14895" refString="103. Wellborn TL, Rogers WA. 1967. Five new species of Gyrodactylus (Trematoda: Monogenea) from the southeastern US. Journal of Parasitology, 53, 10 - 14." type="journal article" year="1967">103</bibRefCitation>
], whereas Rahmouni
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E941FFB8D457F922FC4CF8CB" box="[890,946,1778,1802]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
[
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E941FFB8D4E9F922FC20F8CB" author="Rahmouni C &amp; Seifertova M &amp; Simkova A." box="[964,990,1779,1802]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref14012" refString="82. Rahmouni C, Seifertova M, Simkova A. 2023. Revealing the hidden diversity of Gyrodactylus communities (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) from Nearctic Catostomidae and Leuciscidae fish hosts (Teleostei: Cypriniformes), with description of ten new species. Parasite, 30, 40." type="journal volume" year="2023">82</bibRefCitation>
] recently reported the presence of an undescribed species,
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E941FFB8D4D9F8C0FB4CF8E9" box="[1012,1202,1809,1833]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E941FFB8D4D9F8C0FB80F8E8" box="[1012,1150,1809,1833]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Gyrodactylus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
“
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E941FFB8D3FEF8C0FAAEF8E8" box="[1235,1360,1809,1833]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Cyprinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venusta">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E941FFB8D3FEF8C0FAAEF8E8" box="[1235,1360,1809,1833]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. venusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”, highly reminiscent of
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E941FFB8D4E1F8FEFB9CF886" authorityName="King, Marcogliese, Forest, McLaughlin and Bentzen" authorityYear="2013" box="[972,1122,1839,1863]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mediotorus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E941FFB8D4E1F8FEFB9CF886" box="[972,1122,1839,1863]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">G. mediotorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
isolated herein from
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E941FFB8D267F8FEFA44F886" box="[1354,1466,1839,1863]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Cyprinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venusta">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E941FFB8D267F8FEFA44F886" box="[1354,1466,1839,1863]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. venusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but also from
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E941FFB8D493F89EFB90F8A7" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[958,1134,1871,1894]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Notropis" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stramineus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E941FFB8D493F89EFC29F8A7" box="[958,983,1871,1894]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N.</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E941FFB8D4D3F89EFB90F8A7" box="[1022,1134,1871,1894]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">stramineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectingCountry id="54897607E941FFB8D350F89EFB10F8A7" box="[1149,1262,1871,1894]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Guadalupe</collectingCountry>
River) (see below). In contrast, two species were recognized on
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E941FFB8D230F8BCFA45F844" authorityName="Mizelle and Kritsky" authorityYear="1967" box="[1309,1467,1901,1925]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crysoleucas">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E941FFB8D230F8BCFA45F844" box="[1309,1467,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. crysoleucas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
additionally to
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E941FFB8D4E2F85AFB92F862" authorityName="Mizelle and Kritsky" authorityYear="1967" box="[975,1132,1931,1955]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crysoleucas">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E941FFB8D4E2F85AFB92F862" box="[975,1132,1931,1955]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">G. crysoleucas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E941FFB8D353F85DFB66F862" author="Leis E &amp; King S &amp; Leis S &amp; Cone D." box="[1150,1176,1932,1955]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="105 - 110" refId="ref12900" refString="55. Leis E, King S, Leis S, Cone D. 2016. Infections of Gyrodactylus crysoleucas and Gyrodactylus sp. (Monogenea) at a golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas) farm in Minnesota. Comparative Parasitology, 83, 105 - 110." type="journal article" year="2016">55</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E941FFB8D384F85DFB3DF862" author="Mizelle JD &amp; Kritsky DC" box="[1193,1219,1932,1955]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="390 - 401" refId="ref13317" refString="65. Mizelle JD, Kritsky DC. 1967. Studies on monogenetic trematodes. XXXIII. New species of Gyrodactylus and a key to the North American species. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 86, 390 - 401." type="journal article" year="1967">65</bibRefCitation>
]; they are
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E941FFB8D210F85AFBA9F800" authority="Price and McMahon, 1967" authorityName="Price and McMahon" authorityYear="1967" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rachelae">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E941FFB8D210F85AFA45F862" box="[1341,1467,1931,1955]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">G. rachelae</emphasis>
Price and McMahon, 1967
</taxonomicName>
from the southeast (
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E941FFB8D26BF87BFA4DF800" box="[1350,1459,1962,1985]" country="United States of America" name="Tennessee" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tennessee</collectingRegion>
) [
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E941FFB8D418F818FCB1F821" author="Price CE &amp; McMahon TE" box="[821,847,1993,2016]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="177 - 220" refId="ref13804" refString="76. Price CE, McMahon TE. 1967. The monogenetic trematodes of North American freshwater fishes. Rivista di Parassitologia, 28, 177 - 220." type="journal article" year="1967">76</bibRefCitation>
], and
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E941FFB8D4BCF819FAD5F821" authority="Mizelle and Kritsky, 1967" authorityName="Mizelle and Kritsky" authorityYear="1967" box="[913,1323,1992,2016]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E941FFB8D4BCF819FBEAF821" box="[913,1044,1992,2016]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">G. variabilis</emphasis>
Mizelle and Kritsky, 1967
</taxonomicName>
from western [
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E941FFB8D418F836FCB1F83F" author="Mizelle JD &amp; Kritsky DC" box="[821,847,2023,2046]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="390 - 401" refId="ref13317" refString="65. Mizelle JD, Kritsky DC. 1967. Studies on monogenetic trematodes. XXXIII. New species of Gyrodactylus and a key to the North American species. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 86, 390 - 401." type="journal article" year="1967">65</bibRefCitation>
], northeast, and southcentral
<collectingCountry id="54897607E941FFB8D356F836FB4FF83F" box="[1147,1201,2023,2046]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">USA</collectingCountry>
, as well as from northeast
<collectingCountry id="54897607E940FFB9D75CFF3EFF41FEC7" box="[113,191,239,262]" name="Canada" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Canada</collectingCountry>
[
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E940FFB9D7FDFF3EFF14FEC7" author="Rahmouni C &amp; Seifertova M &amp; Simkova A." box="[208,234,239,262]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref14012" refString="82. Rahmouni C, Seifertova M, Simkova A. 2023. Revealing the hidden diversity of Gyrodactylus communities (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) from Nearctic Catostomidae and Leuciscidae fish hosts (Teleostei: Cypriniformes), with description of ten new species. Parasite, 30, 40." type="journal volume" year="2023">82</bibRefCitation>
]. Interestingly, previous [
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E940FFB9D6D1FF3EFDDDFEC7" author="Wellborn TL &amp; Rogers WA" box="[508,547,239,262]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="10 - 14" refId="ref14895" refString="103. Wellborn TL, Rogers WA. 1967. Five new species of Gyrodactylus (Trematoda: Monogenea) from the southeastern US. Journal of Parasitology, 53, 10 - 14." type="journal article" year="1967">103</bibRefCitation>
] and current records of gyrodactylids from
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D645FEDCFE24FEE5" box="[360,474,269,293]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Cyprinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venusta">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D645FEDCFE24FEE5" box="[360,474,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. venusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were made from southern populations occurring in
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E940FFB9D6A1FEFDFE1FFE82" box="[396,481,300,323]" country="United States of America" name="Georgia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Georgia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E940FFB9D6D9FEFDFDADFE82" box="[500,595,300,323]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Alabama</collectingRegion>
, and
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E940FFB9D5B7FEFDFD01FE82" box="[666,767,300,323]" country="United States of America" name="Louisiana" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Louisiana</collectingRegion>
watersheds and in
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E940FFB9D611FE9BFE82FEA0" box="[316,380,330,353]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Texas</collectingRegion>
, all representing the native distributional range of
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D63EFEB9FE7FFE41" box="[275,385,360,384]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Cyprinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venusta">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D63EFEB9FE7FFE41" box="[275,385,360,384]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. venusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E940FFB9D6BFFEB8FE52FE41" author="Froese R &amp; Pauly D." box="[402,428,361,384]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref11785" refString="30. Froese R, Pauly D. 2023. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. https: // www. fishbase. org (access date: 10 / 10 / 2023)." type="url" year="2023">30</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E940FFB9D696FEB8FE2BFE41" author="Nico L &amp; Fuller P." box="[443,469,361,384]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref13502" refString="70. Nico L, Fuller P. 2023. Cyprinella venusta Girard, 1856: U. S, Geological Survey. Gainesville, FL: Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. Available at https: // nas. er. usgs. gov / queries / FactSheet. aspx? speciesID = 521 (access date: 11 / 01 / 2023)." type="url" year="2023">70</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E940FFB9D6C9FEB8FE00FE41" author="Page LM &amp; Burr BM" box="[484,510,361,384]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref13716" refString="74. Page LM, Burr BM. 2011. Peterson field guide to freshwater fishes of North America North of Mexico, 2 nd edn. USA: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt." type="book" year="2011">74</bibRefCitation>
]. In this study, morphological and genetic characterizations indicated that
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D5A2FE56FD01FE5E" box="[655,767,391,415]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Cyprinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venusta">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D5A2FE56FD01FE5E" box="[655,767,391,415]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. venusta</emphasis>
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hosted
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D7EAFE74FE95FE7C" authorityName="Mizelle and Kritsky" authorityYear="1967" box="[199,363,421,445]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crysoleucas">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D7EAFE74FE95FE7C" box="[199,363,421,445]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. crysoleucas</emphasis>
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rather than
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D524FE74FD49FE7C" authorityName="Wellborn and Rogers" authorityYear="1967" box="[521,695,421,445]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="baeacanthus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D524FE74FD49FE7C" box="[521,695,421,445]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. baeacanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Two hypotheses may explain this pattern. The first one is that southcentral
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D7EDFE33FECEFE3B" box="[192,304,482,506]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Cyprinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venusta">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D7EDFE33FECEFE3B" box="[192,304,482,506]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. venusta</emphasis>
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is a native host of
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D52BFE33FD5FFE3B" authorityName="Mizelle and Kritsky" authorityYear="1967" box="[518,673,482,506]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crysoleucas">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D52BFE33FD5FFE3B" box="[518,673,482,506]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. crysoleucas</emphasis>
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, making further widescale parasitological investigations of shiner hosts necessary to identify the gyrodactylid fauna in
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. The second hypothesis is that
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<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D678FDEFFE10FD97" box="[341,494,574,598]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. crysoleucas</emphasis>
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is native to
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<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D544FDEEFCFEFD97" box="[617,768,574,598]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. crysoleucas</emphasis>
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and infected a non-congeneric host,
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D6C1FD8CFDA4FDB5" box="[492,602,605,629]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Cyprinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venusta">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D6C1FD8CFDA4FDB5" box="[492,602,605,629]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. venusta</emphasis>
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in this case, by host-switching in overlapped habitats. Host-switching scenarios are common in
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D606FD4BFE4BFD73" authorityName="von Nordmann" authorityYear="1832" box="[299,437,666,690]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D606FD4BFE4BFD73" box="[299,437,666,690]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Gyrodactylus</emphasis>
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as one major mechanism of speciation [
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E940FFB9D7C0FD68FEF9FD11" author="Ondrackova M." box="[237,263,697,720]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="3153 - 3162" refId="ref13634" refString="72. Ondrackova M. 2016. Gyrodactylus proterorhini in its non-native range: distribution and ability to host-switch in freshwaters. Parasitology Research, 115, 3153 - 3162." type="journal article" year="2016">72</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E940FFB9D634FD68FEBEFD11" author="Lumme J." box="[281,320,697,720]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="39 - 52" refId="ref15247" refString="111. Ziȩtara MS, Lumme J. 2003. The crossroads of molecular, typological and biological species concepts: two new species of Gyrodactylus Nordmann, 1832 (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae). Systematic Parasitology, 55, 39 - 52." type="journal article" year="2003">111</bibRefCitation>
] and have been documented in Nearctic freshwaters [
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E940FFB9D7D7FD06FEEAFD2F" author="Rahmouni C &amp; Seifertova M &amp; Simkova A." box="[250,276,727,750]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref14012" refString="82. Rahmouni C, Seifertova M, Simkova A. 2023. Revealing the hidden diversity of Gyrodactylus communities (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) from Nearctic Catostomidae and Leuciscidae fish hosts (Teleostei: Cypriniformes), with description of ten new species. Parasite, 30, 40." type="journal volume" year="2023">82</bibRefCitation>
]. Further sampling of
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<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D522FD09FD52FD2E" box="[527,684,727,751]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. crysoleucas</emphasis>
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for the investigation of
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E940FFB9D60DFD24FE54FCCC" authorityName="von Nordmann" authorityYear="1832" box="[288,426,757,781]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D60DFD24FE54FCCC" box="[288,426,757,781]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Gyrodactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
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as well as across the whole range of its current distribution would provide more support for this hypothesis. Further, the natural host-switching of
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<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D7BDFC80FEE4FCA8" box="[144,282,849,873]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Gyrodactylus</emphasis>
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is known to be favorable under conditions of high parasite abundance and population growth [
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E940FFB9D542FCA1FD77FC46" author="Mo TA" box="[623,649,880,903]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1025 - 1029" refId="ref13360" refString="66. Mo TA. 1997. Seasonal occurrence of Gyrodactylus derjavini (Monogenea) on brown trout, Salmo trutta, and Atlantic salmon, S. salar, in the Sandvikselva river, Norway. Journal of Parasitology, 83, 1025 - 1029." type="journal article" year="1997">66</bibRefCitation>
] or continuous transmission ability [
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E940FFB9D6A9FC5EFE6FFC67" author="Boeger WA &amp; Kritsky DC &amp; Pie MR &amp; Engers KB" box="[388,401,911,934]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1000 - 1007" refId="ref10700" refString="4. Boeger WA, Kritsky DC, Pie MR, Engers KB. 2005. Mode of transmission, host switching, and escape from the Red Queen by viviparous gyrodactylids (Monogenoidea). Journal of Parasitology, 91, 1000 - 1007." type="journal article" year="2005">4</bibRefCitation>
]. More specific information on the infection rates of
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<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D605FC7CFE3CFC04" box="[296,450,941,965]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. crysoleucas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and on the population density of
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<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E940FFB9D7BEFC1AFEF8FC22" box="[147,262,971,995]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. venusta</emphasis>
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would provide support for the host-switching scenario in southcentral
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.
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</treatment>
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181
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Two fragments, the first covering the 18S rDNA (442 bp) and the second covering the
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regions (1,207 bp), were successfully sequenced for two gyrodactylid specimens from
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, and the newly obtained sequences were found to be identical. nBLAST search indicated
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KT
</taxonomicName>
149283 [
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E94FFFB6D483F8C5FC36F8EA" author="Leis E &amp; King S &amp; Leis S &amp; Cone D." box="[942,968,1812,1835]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="105 - 110" refId="ref12900" refString="55. Leis E, King S, Leis S, Cone D. 2016. Infections of Gyrodactylus crysoleucas and Gyrodactylus sp. (Monogenea) at a golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas) farm in Minnesota. Comparative Parasitology, 83, 105 - 110." type="journal article" year="2016">55</bibRefCitation>
] from the farmed golden shiner
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94FFFB6D20CF8C5FA45F8EA" authorityName="Mizelle and Kritsky" authorityYear="1967" box="[1313,1467,1811,1835]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crysoleucas">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94FFFB6D20CF8C5FA45F8EA" box="[1313,1467,1811,1835]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">N. crysoleucas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E94FFFB6D461F8E3FC46F888" box="[844,952,1842,1865]" country="United States of America" name="Minnesota" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Minnesota</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="54897607E94FFFB6D4E7F8E3FBFEF888" box="[970,1024,1842,1865]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">USA</collectingCountry>
) as an identical match to our specimens according to sequences of 18S rDNA (100% similarity, 100% coverage), while
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94FFFB6D4F3F8BEFB5FF847" authority="KT" authorityName="Mizelle and Kritsky" authorityYear="1967" box="[990,1185,1903,1927]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crysoleucas">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94FFFB6D4F3F8BEFB89F846" box="[990,1143,1903,1927]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. crysoleucas</emphasis>
KT
</taxonomicName>
149287 [
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E94FFFB6D3D0F8BEFAE9F847" author="Leis E &amp; King S &amp; Leis S &amp; Cone D." box="[1277,1303,1903,1926]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="105 - 110" refId="ref12900" refString="55. Leis E, King S, Leis S, Cone D. 2016. Infections of Gyrodactylus crysoleucas and Gyrodactylus sp. (Monogenea) at a golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas) farm in Minnesota. Comparative Parasitology, 83, 105 - 110." type="journal article" year="2016">55</bibRefCitation>
] was recovered as the closest match to the specimens studied herein according to the sequences of the
<collectionCode id="4A8FAE52E94FFFB6D31DF87CFBA8F805" box="[1072,1110,1965,1988]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ITS</collectionCode>
regions (99.17% similarity, 99% coverage,
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94FFFB6D4B6F81AFC56F823" box="[923,936,1995,2018]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">p</emphasis>
-distance = 0.3%; 3 bp). In accordance with the morphological identification, our specimens were genetically assigned to
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D7C7FF3EFE7FFEC7" authorityName="Mizelle and Kritsky" authorityYear="1967" box="[234,385,239,262]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crysoleucas">G. crysoleucas</taxonomicName>
following the delimitation by Ziȩtara and Lumme [
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E94EFFB7D62EFEDDFED7FEE5" author="Lumme J." box="[259,297,268,292]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="2445 - 2458" refId="ref15291" refString="112. Ziȩtara MS, Lumme J. 2002. Speciation by host switch and adaptive radiation in a fish parasite genus Gyrodactylus (Monogenea, Gyrodactylidae). Evolution, 56, 2445 - 2458." type="journal article" year="2002">112</bibRefCitation>
] and the recent findings of Rahmouni et al. [
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E94EFFB7D757FEFAFF6AFE82" author="Rahmouni C &amp; Seifertova M &amp; Simkova A." box="[122,148,299,323]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref14012" refString="82. Rahmouni C, Seifertova M, Simkova A. 2023. Revealing the hidden diversity of Gyrodactylus communities (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) from Nearctic Catostomidae and Leuciscidae fish hosts (Teleostei: Cypriniformes), with description of ten new species. Parasite, 30, 40." type="journal volume" year="2023">82</bibRefCitation>
]. Sequences of 18S rDNA further indicated
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D558FEFAFDF7FEA0" authority="(Yin and Sproston, 1948)" baseAuthorityName="Yin and Sproston" baseAuthorityYear="1948" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="salmonis">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D558FEFAFF32FEA3" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Gyrodactylus salmonis</emphasis>
(Yin and Sproston, 1948)
</taxonomicName>
from the non-native rainbow trout
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D63DFEB9FD3EFE41" authority="(Walbaum, 1792)" baseAuthorityName="Walbaum" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[272,704,360,384]" family="Salmonidae" genus="Oncorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mykiss">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D63DFEB9FE09FE41" box="[272,503,360,384]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Oncorhynchus mykiss</emphasis>
(Walbaum, 1792)
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E94EFFB7D75CFE56FF31FE5F" box="[113,207,391,414]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="54897607E94EFFB7D7CDFE56FECFFE5F" box="[224,305,391,414]" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Mexico</collectingCountry>
) (JN230350, [
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E94EFFB7D6E2FE56FE17FE5F" author="Rubio-Godoy M &amp; Paladini G &amp; Freeman MA &amp; Garcia-Vasquez A &amp; Shinn AP" box="[463,489,391,414]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="289 - 300" refId="ref14470" refString="92. Rubio-Godoy M, Paladini G, Freeman MA, Garcia-Vasquez A, Shinn AP. 2012. Morphological and molecular characterisation of Gyrodactylus salmonis (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea) isolates collected in Mexico from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum). Veterinary Parasitology, 186, 289 - 300." type="journal article" year="2012">92</bibRefCitation>
]) and
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E94EFFB7D519FE56FD4FFE5F" box="[564,689,391,414]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Washington</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="54897607E94EFFB7D5EFFE56FD06FE5F" box="[706,760,391,414]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">USA</collectingCountry>
) (JF836097, [
<bibRefCitation id="480F4B66E94EFFB7D7D4FE77FEEDFE7C" author="Gilmore SR &amp; Cone DK &amp; Lowe G &amp; King SK &amp; Jones SRM &amp; Abbott CL" box="[249,275,422,445]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="776 - 786" refId="ref11925" refString="33. Gilmore SR, Cone DK, Lowe G, King SK, Jones SRM, Abbott CL. 2012. Molecular phylogeny of Gyrodactylus (Monogenea) parasitizing fishes in fresh water, estuarine, and marine habitats in Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 90, 776 - 786." type="journal article" year="2012">33</bibRefCitation>
]) as the closest match to our
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D54FFE74FD01FE7C" authorityName="Mizelle and Kritsky" authorityYear="1967" box="[610,767,421,445]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crysoleucas">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D54FFE74FD01FE7C" box="[610,767,421,445]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G. crysoleucas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens from
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E94EFFB7D60CFE15FEA0FE1A" box="[289,350,452,475]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Texas</collectingRegion>
(for both
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D6E3FE15FDB5FE1D" baseAuthorityName="Yin and Sproston" baseAuthorityYear="1948" box="[462,587,452,476]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="salmonis">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D6E3FE15FDB5FE1D" box="[462,587,452,476]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G. salmonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genetic variants; 99.55% similarity, 100% coverage,
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D6C3FE32FE05FE3B" box="[494,507,483,506]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">p</emphasis>
-distance = 0.5%; 2 bp). Phylogenetically,
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D606FDD0FE3BFDD8" authorityName="Mizelle and Kritsky" authorityYear="1967" box="[299,453,513,537]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crysoleucas">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D606FDD0FE3BFDD8" box="[299,453,513,537]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G. crysoleucas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
parasitizing herein
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D5BCFDD0FD01FDD8" box="[657,767,513,537]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Cyprinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venusta">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D5BCFDD0FD01FDD8" box="[657,767,513,537]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. venusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E94EFFB7D786FDF1FF16FDF6" box="[171,232,544,567]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Texas</collectingRegion>
together with its congener parasitizing
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D5ACFDF1FF6DFD97" authorityName="Mizelle and Kritsky" authorityYear="1967" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crysoleucas">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D5ACFDF1FF6DFD97" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. crysoleucas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingRegion id="EE5AF875E94EFFB7D7F2FDEEFEB2FD97" box="[223,332,575,598]" country="United States of America" name="Minnesota" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Minnesota</collectingRegion>
formed a highly supported basal clade (
<collectionCode id="4A8FAE52E94EFFB7D755FD8CFF68FDB5" box="[120,150,605,628]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">PP</collectionCode>
= 1, BS = 100) in relation to a large clade of Nearctic
<taxonomicName id="EB9E4D14E94EFFB7D75CFDAAFED1FD52" box="[113,303,635,659]" class="Monogenea" family="Gyrodactylidae" genus="Gyrodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyrodactylidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="1EEAEA85E94EFFB7D75CFDAAFF05FD52" box="[113,251,635,659]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Gyrodactylus</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="B4A52A12E94EFFB7D612FDADFE69FD52" box="[319,407,636,659]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[113,180,1343,1364]" captionTargetBox="[223,1351,240,1317]" captionTargetId="figure-362@8.[219,1353,238,1323]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Bayesian inference (BI) phylogram of Gyrodactylus spp. parasitizing Nearctic Cypriniformes based on sequences of the ITS regions (927 bp). Values above branches indicate posterior probabilities (PP) from BI analyses and bootstrap support (BS) from ML. Values below 0.80 (BI) and 70 (ML) are shown as dashes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12524603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12524603/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>