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<mods:namePart id="C3A557992D9A81FC7B5603839A023C85">Prabha, Duraisamy</mods:namePart>
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<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2A7953FF2DFF1A7C73DDFC" bold="true" box="[160,1150,194,220]" pageId="3" pageNumber="778">
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Morphologically identified
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<taxonomicName id="F6DECC9E9D2A7953FE7BFF1A7B24DDFC" authorityName="Mohan & Prabha" authorityYear="2024" box="[502,809,194,220]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="3" pageNumber="778" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="incrassata" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2A7953FE7BFF1A7B24DDFC" bold="true" box="[502,809,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="778">Gomphonema incrassata</emphasis>
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(Mohan and Prabha)
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<paragraph id="3161B71D9D2A7953FF2DFF2F796FDC76" blockId="3.[160,1155,247,342]" pageId="3" pageNumber="778">
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Here, we describe the new diatom species
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<taxonomicName id="F6DECC9E9D2A7953FD0BFF2F7B9ADC30" authorityName="Mohan & Prabha" authorityYear="2024" box="[646,919,247,272]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="3" pageNumber="778" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="incrassata" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2A7953FD0BFF2F7B9ADC30" box="[646,919,247,272]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="778">Gomphonema incrassata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2A7953FC12FF2F7BEDDC30" bold="true" box="[927,992,247,272]" pageId="3" pageNumber="778">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="1899D6749D2A7953FC12FF2F7BEDDC30" box="[927,992,247,272]" pageId="3" pageNumber="778" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||||
, from Walayar Dam, Palakkad district,
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<collectingRegion id="F31A79FF9D2A7953FE25FEC279E2DC13" box="[424,495,282,307]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="3" pageNumber="778">Kerala</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="49C9F78D9D2A7953FE76FEC27A38DC13" box="[507,565,282,307]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="778">India</collectingCountry>
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; the description is based on morphological features (
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<figureCitation id="A9E5AB989D2A7953FF25FEE57902DC76" box="[168,271,317,342]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1704,1727]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,1154,1671]" captionTargetId="figure-182@3.[163,1153,1153,1672]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Biological microscopic image of Gomphonema incrassata sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219722" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219722/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="778">Figures 2</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation id="A9E5AB989D2A7953FEC5FEE5795BDC76" box="[328,342,317,342]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[160,225,809,832]" captionText="Figure 3. Outer layer of Gomphonema incrassata sp. n." pageId="3" pageNumber="778">3</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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<mods:title id="2EEE7EE041E1F30E38CEDAD91A8255D4">Gomphonema incrassata sp. n., a new benthic diatom species (Bacillariophyceae: Gomphonemataceae) from Walayar Dam, Palakkad district, Kerala, India</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CD21C619E0B2E3F2825002343930F452">Mohan, Bala</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8F3D25DB57F322541E791F1D7B4EC918">Prabha, Duraisamy</mods:namePart>
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<mods:part id="84E57EE946B01B6DB85D10FC56F913A7">
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<mods:date id="A1D145A7B8F77C5BFA6BC496FB194FD0">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="115F70E741A6E7F24D072D2AE7866706">2024-06-27</mods:number>
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<paragraph id="3161B71D9D2A7953FE92FCD27C09DE05" blockId="3.[287,1028,778,805]" box="[287,1028,778,805]" pageId="3" pageNumber="778">
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<heading id="6A2900719D2A7953FE92FCD27C09DE05" box="[287,1028,778,805]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="778" reason="5">
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Species
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<taxonomicName id="F6DECC9E9D2A7953FE0EFCD27ABDDE05" authorityName="Mohan & Prabha" authorityYear="2024" box="[387,688,778,805]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="3" pageNumber="778" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="incrassata" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2A7953FE0EFCD27ABDDE05" box="[387,688,778,805]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="778">Gomphonema incrassata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2A7953FD35FCD27AF2DE05" bold="true" box="[696,767,778,805]" pageId="3" pageNumber="778">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="1899D6749D2A7953FD35FCD27AF2DE05" box="[696,767,778,805]" pageId="3" pageNumber="778" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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(Mohan and Prabha)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="79C4E4969D2A7956FF2DFC877B28DFD5" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="781" pageId="3" pageNumber="778" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3161B71D9D2A7954FF2DFC877984D862" blockId="3.[160,1155,863,1096]" lastBlockId="4.[160,1157,905,1727]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="779" pageId="3" pageNumber="778">
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<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2A7953FF2DFC877921DE58" bold="true" box="[160,300,863,888]" pageId="3" pageNumber="778">Dimensions</emphasis>
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: Valve length range: 30–60 µm, Valve width range: 10–15 µm, and number of striae in 10 µm: 10–14 µm.
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<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2A7953FE56FC5A7A39DEBB" bold="true" box="[475,564,898,923]" pageId="3" pageNumber="778">Habitat</emphasis>
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||||
: Benthic habitat.
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<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2A7953FD70FC5A7B70DEBB" bold="true" box="[765,893,898,923]" pageId="3" pageNumber="778">Comments</emphasis>
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||||
: Valves weakly heteropolar, linear-lanceolate, clavate. The head pole is bluntly round and the basal or foot pole is narrowly rounded, but they are more elongate than in
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<taxonomicName id="F6DECC9E9D2A7953FCC0FC1F7C6CDEC0" box="[845,1121,967,992]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="3" pageNumber="778" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="laticollum">
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<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2A7953FCC0FC1F7C6CDEC0" box="[845,1121,967,992]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="778">Gomphonema laticollum</emphasis>
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||||
</taxonomicName>
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||||
or
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F6DECC9E9D2A7953FF2DFC327994D923" authorityName="Kützing" authorityYear="1844" box="[160,409,1002,1027]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="3" pageNumber="778" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="italicum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2A7953FF2DFC327994D923" box="[160,409,1002,1027]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="778">Gomphonema italicum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The axial area is very narrow, and the central area is small, formed by the densely spaced striae on each side that are almost indistinguishable. The frustule is club-shaped, thickened, and flexed (bent) in the girdle view. The raphe is filiform on the concave valve with well-defined proximal and distal endings, and the distal raphe is small and rounded. The striae are densely spaced at the centre, becoming parallel at the head and foot poles. Striae are radial throughout, becoming strongly radial at the apices. The single stigmata are small and round with a slit-like internal opening. Pseudospeta can clearly be seen, associated with each pole (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A9E5AB989D2D7954FD4EFBCB7B25D90C" box="[707,808,1043,1068]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1326,1349]" captionTargetBox="[258,1057,142,1293]" captionTargetId="figure-96@5.[258,1058,142,1294]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Scanning electron microscopic image of Gomphonema incrassata sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219724" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219724/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="779">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2D7954FCC9FBCB7BB8D90C" bold="true" box="[836,949,1043,1068]" pageId="4" pageNumber="779">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="EE6509BF9D2D7954FCC9FBCB7BB8D90C" box="[836,949,1043,1068]" pageId="4" pageNumber="779" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
: Slide No. X913.
|
||||
<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2D7954FF2DFBEE792FD96F" bold="true" box="[160,290,1078,1103]" pageId="4" pageNumber="779">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F6DECC9E9D2D7954FEB9FBEE7A43D96F" authorityName="Mohan & Prabha" authorityYear="2024" box="[308,590,1078,1103]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="4" pageNumber="779" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="incrassata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2D7954FEB9FBEE7A43D96F" box="[308,590,1078,1103]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="779">Gomphonema incrassata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is named based on its frustule ornamentation, where the frustule is club-shaped, and thickened in distal endings.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F6DECC9E9D2D7954FC39FB817C5DD952" baseAuthorityName="C. G Ehrenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[948,1104,1113,1138]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="4" pageNumber="779" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2D7954FC39FB817C5DD952" box="[948,1104,1113,1138]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="779">Gomphonema</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a genus name, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F6DECC9E9D2D7954FEE1FBA379D7D9B4" authorityName="Mohan & Prabha" authorityYear="2024" box="[364,474,1147,1172]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="4" pageNumber="779" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="incrassata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2D7954FEE1FBA379D7D9B4" box="[364,474,1147,1172]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="779">incrassata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a Latin word that means ‘thickened or swollen’.
|
||||
<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2D7954FBADFBA37C73D9B4" bold="true" box="[1056,1150,1147,1172]" pageId="4" pageNumber="779">Ecology</emphasis>
|
||||
: Species of the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F6DECC9E9D2D7954FE28FB467A4FD997" baseAuthorityName="C. G Ehrenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[421,578,1182,1207]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="4" pageNumber="779" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2D7954FE28FB467A4FD997" box="[421,578,1182,1207]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="779">Gomphonema</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are widely found in both ultra-oligotrophic and nutrient-rich or organically polluted freshwater environments, in water of low to high electrical conductivity, and occur predominantly at neutral to slightly alkaline pH (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="554FCAEC9D2D7954FBB7FB3B78F4D83F" author="Yun SM & Joo HM & Jung SW & Choi CH & Ki JS & Lee JH" pageId="4" pageNumber="779" pagination="363 - 375" refId="ref3912" refString="Yun SM, Joo HM, Jung SW, Choi CH, Ki JS, Lee JH. 2014. The relationship between epilithic diatom communities and changes in water quality along the lower Han River, South Korea. J Freshwater Ecol. 29 (3): 363 - 375. doi: 10.1080 / 02705060.2014.902778." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||||
Yun
|
||||
<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2D7954FBE2FB3B78B9D83F" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="779">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2014
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The cells are attached to the substratum by mucilage stalks at the basal pole.
|
||||
<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2D7954FF2DFAF178FED862" bold="true" box="[160,243,1321,1346]" pageId="4" pageNumber="779">Record</emphasis>
|
||||
: New record.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="65A1E7959D2A7953FF2DF9707B7EDB9F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219722" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13219722" box="[160,883,1704,1727]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219722/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="778" startId="3.[160,225,1704,1727]" targetBox="[163,1153,1154,1671]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3161B71D9D2A7953FF2DF9707B7EDB9F" blockId="3.[160,883,1704,1727]" box="[160,883,1704,1727]" pageId="3" pageNumber="778">
|
||||
<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2A7953FF2DF97078F7DB9F" bold="true" box="[160,250,1704,1727]" pageId="3" pageNumber="778">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
Biological microscopic image of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F6DECC9E9D2A7953FDCFF9707B3CDB9F" authorityName="Mohan & Prabha" authorityYear="2024" box="[578,817,1704,1727]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="3" pageNumber="778" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="incrassata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2A7953FDCFF9707B3CDB9F" box="[578,817,1704,1727]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="778">Gomphonema incrassata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1899D6749D2A7953FCB4F9707B7EDB9F" box="[825,883,1704,1727]" pageId="3" pageNumber="778" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="65A1E7959D2D7954FF2DFCF17ACFDE60" box="[160,706,809,832]" pageId="4" pageNumber="779" startId="4.[160,225,809,832]" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3161B71D9D2D7954FF2DFCF17ACFDE60" blockId="4.[160,706,809,832]" box="[160,706,809,832]" pageId="4" pageNumber="779">
|
||||
<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2D7954FF2DFCF178F7DE60" bold="true" box="[160,250,809,832]" pageId="4" pageNumber="779">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||||
Outer layer of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F6DECC9E9D2D7954FE1CFCF17A8CDE60" authorityName="Mohan & Prabha" authorityYear="2024" box="[401,641,809,832]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="4" pageNumber="779" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="incrassata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2D7954FE1CFCF17A8CDE60" box="[401,641,809,832]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="779">Gomphonema incrassata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1899D6749D2D7954FD05FCF17ACFDE60" box="[648,706,809,832]" pageId="4" pageNumber="779" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3161B71D9D2D7955FF4DFA937A08DB4C" blockId="4.[160,1157,905,1727]" lastBlockId="5.[160,1155,1411,1714]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="780" pageId="4" pageNumber="779">
|
||||
The morphology of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F6DECC9E9D2D7954FE2FFA937AB9D844" authorityName="Mohan & Prabha" authorityYear="2024" box="[418,692,1355,1380]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="4" pageNumber="779" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="incrassata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2D7954FE2FFA937AB9D844" box="[418,692,1355,1380]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="779">Gomphonema incrassata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2D7954FD31FA937AF1D844" bold="true" box="[700,764,1355,1380]" pageId="4" pageNumber="779">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1899D6749D2D7954FD31FA937AF1D844" box="[700,764,1355,1380]" pageId="4" pageNumber="779" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
does not match data provided for previously described taxa, but shares some features with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F6DECC9E9D2D7954FCEAFAB67909D889" authority="Reichart." authorityName="Reichart." class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="4" pageNumber="779" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="laticollum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2D7954FCEAFAB67C8ED8A7" box="[871,1155,1390,1415]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="779">Gomphonema laticollum</emphasis>
|
||||
Reichart.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
The presence of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F6DECC9E9D2D7954FE57FA487AF9D889" authorityName="Mohan & Prabha" authorityYear="2024" box="[474,756,1424,1449]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="4" pageNumber="779" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="incrassata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2D7954FE57FA487AF9D889" box="[474,756,1424,1449]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="779">Gomphonema incrassata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in just 15 samples from Walayar Dam, taken from sampling sites 3, 4 and 5, suggests that this area harbours additional biodiversity in this group, and these sampling sites receive pollutants from various sources. Hence, we can assume that the identified
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F6DECC9E9D2D7954FD6DFA207BFFDB31" authorityName="Mohan & Prabha" authorityYear="2024" box="[736,1010,1528,1553]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="4" pageNumber="779" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="incrassata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2D7954FD6DFA207BFFDB31" box="[736,1010,1528,1553]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="779">Gomphonema incrassata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species may be widely found in nutrient-rich water bodies. Higher levels of endemism may be documented with a more thorough sampling of sites farther away from the areas of human impact. Many species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F6DECC9E9D2D7954FDABF9B87AC9DB59" baseAuthorityName="C. G Ehrenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[550,708,1632,1657]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="4" pageNumber="779" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2D7954FDABF9B87AC9DB59" box="[550,708,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="779">Gomphonema</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are considered cosmopolitan in their distribution, eg
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F6DECC9E9D2D7954FEDAF95B7ACADBBC" authority="Kutzing" authorityName="Kutzing" box="[343,711,1667,1692]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="4" pageNumber="779" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="parvulum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2D7954FEDAF95B7A68DBBC" box="[343,613,1667,1692]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="779">Gomphonema parvulum</emphasis>
|
||||
Kützing
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F6DECC9E9D2D7954FD59F95B7C8EDBBC" authority="Ehrenberg" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1832" box="[724,1155,1667,1692]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="4" pageNumber="779" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="acuminatum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2D7954FD59F95B7C08DBBC" box="[724,1029,1667,1692]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="779">Gomphonema acuminatum</emphasis>
|
||||
Ehrenberg
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F6DECC9E9D2D7954FF5DF97E7A6FDB9F" authority="Ehrenberg" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1832" box="[208,610,1702,1727]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="4" pageNumber="779" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="truncatum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2D7954FF5DF97E79E9DB9F" box="[208,484,1702,1727]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="779">Gomphonema truncatum</emphasis>
|
||||
Ehrenberg
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; many endemics have been described from every continent. These include
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F6DECC9E9D2C7955FE41FA5B7B31D8BC" authority="Camburn" authorityName="Camburn" authorityYear="1978" box="[460,828,1411,1436]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="5" pageNumber="780" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mehleri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2C7955FE41FA5B7AC5D8BC" box="[460,712,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="780">Gomphonema mehleri</emphasis>
|
||||
Camburn
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F6DECC9E9D2C7955FCF2FA5B78FBD89F" authority="Wallace" authorityName="Wallace" authorityYear="1960" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="5" pageNumber="780" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="apuncto">
|
||||
<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2C7955FCF2FA5B7C8ED8BC" box="[895,1155,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="780">Gomphonema apuncto</emphasis>
|
||||
Wallace
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from North America;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F6DECC9E9D2C7955FE66FA7E7AA6D89F" authority="Fricke" authorityName="Fricke" authorityYear="1904" box="[491,683,1446,1471]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="5" pageNumber="780" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="lepidum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2C7955FE66FA7E7A6CD89F" box="[491,609,1446,1471]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="780">G. lepidum</emphasis>
|
||||
Fricke
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F6DECC9E9D2C7955FD69FA7E7BF0D89F" authority="Metzeltin" authorityName="Metzeltin" box="[740,1021,1446,1471]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="5" pageNumber="780" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="uruguayense">
|
||||
<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2C7955FD69FA7E7B80D89F" box="[740,909,1446,1471]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="780">G. uruguayense</emphasis>
|
||||
Metzeltin
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from South America;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F6DECC9E9D2C7955FE86FA117A2DD8C2" authorityName="G.S.West" authorityYear="1907" box="[267,544,1481,1506]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="5" pageNumber="780" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="africanum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2C7955FE86FA117A2DD8C2" box="[267,544,1481,1506]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="780">Gomphonema africanum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
G.S. West and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F6DECC9E9D2C7955FD59FA117C49D8C2" authority="Compere" authorityName="Compere" box="[724,1092,1481,1506]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="5" pageNumber="780" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="zairense">
|
||||
<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2C7955FD59FA117BDED8C2" box="[724,979,1481,1506]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="780">Gomphonema zairense</emphasis>
|
||||
Compère
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from Africa;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F6DECC9E9D2C7955FF62FA337A70DB24" authority="Mayer" authorityName="Mayer" authorityYear="1917" box="[239,637,1515,1540]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="5" pageNumber="780" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pinnularioides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2C7955FF62FA337A23DB24" box="[239,558,1515,1540]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="780">Gomphonema pinnularioides</emphasis>
|
||||
Mayer
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from Europe;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F6DECC9E9D2C7955FCA8FA337C8EDB24" authority="Skvortzow" authorityName="Skvortzow" authorityYear="1937" box="[805,1155,1515,1540]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="5" pageNumber="780" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="ikeda">
|
||||
<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2C7955FCA8FA337C08DB24" box="[805,1029,1515,1540]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="780">Gomphonema ikeda</emphasis>
|
||||
Skvortzow
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F6DECC9E9D2C7955FF5BF9D67A31DB07" authority="Li and Kociolek" authorityName="Li and Kociolek" box="[214,572,1550,1575]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="5" pageNumber="780" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="sichuanensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2C7955FF5BF9D67972DB07" box="[214,383,1550,1575]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="780">G. sichuanensis</emphasis>
|
||||
Li and Kociolek
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from Asia;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F6DECC9E9D2C7955FD4BF9D67BDBDB07" authority="Kociolekand" authorityName="Kociolekand" box="[710,982,1550,1575]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="5" pageNumber="780" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="imprime">
|
||||
<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2C7955FD4BF9D67B4FDB07" box="[710,834,1550,1575]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="780">G. imprime</emphasis>
|
||||
Kociolekand
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F6DECC9E9D2C7955FC6CF9D679E4DB6A" authority="Grunow ex Cleve and Moller" authorityName="Cleve and Moller" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="5" pageNumber="780" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="australiense">
|
||||
<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2C7955FC6CF9D67C8EDB07" box="[993,1155,1550,1575]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="780">G. australiense</emphasis>
|
||||
Grunow ex Cleve and Möller
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="49C9F78D9D2C7955FDBCF9E97A98DB6A" box="[561,661,1585,1610]" name="Australia" pageId="5" pageNumber="780">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
; and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F6DECC9E9D2C7955FD58F9E978D2DB4C" authority="Kociolek and Jones" authorityName="Kociolek and Jones" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="5" pageNumber="780" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="signyensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2C7955FD58F9E97BEADB6A" box="[725,999,1585,1610]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="780">Gomphonema signyensis</emphasis>
|
||||
Kociolek and Jones
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
reported from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="49C9F78D9D2C7955FE00F98B7A0CDB4C" box="[397,513,1619,1644]" name="Antarctica" pageId="5" pageNumber="780">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="65A1E7959D2C7955FF2DFAF67BCBD865" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219724" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13219724" box="[160,966,1326,1349]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219724/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="780" startId="5.[160,225,1326,1349]" targetBox="[258,1057,142,1293]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3161B71D9D2C7955FF2DFAF67BCBD865" blockId="5.[160,966,1326,1349]" box="[160,966,1326,1349]" pageId="5" pageNumber="780">
|
||||
<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2C7955FF2DFAF678F7D865" bold="true" box="[160,250,1326,1349]" pageId="5" pageNumber="780">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||||
Scanning electron microscopic image of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F6DECC9E9D2C7955FD18FAF67B89D865" authorityName="Mohan & Prabha" authorityYear="2024" box="[661,900,1326,1349]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="5" pageNumber="780" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="incrassata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2C7955FD18FAF67B89D865" box="[661,900,1326,1349]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="780">Gomphonema incrassata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1899D6749D2C7955FC01FAF67BCBD865" box="[908,966,1326,1349]" pageId="5" pageNumber="780" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3161B71D9D2C7956FF4DF9AE7B28DFD5" blockId="5.[160,1155,1411,1714]" lastBlockId="6.[160,1157,142,757]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="781" pageId="5" pageNumber="780">
|
||||
Moreover, the analysed physicochemical characteristics of the Walayar Dam water revealed that water temperature ranged from 24.76 to 25.21°C. The pH and salinity values ranged between 8.02 and 8.22, and between 1.28 and 2.61 ppt, respectively. The observed electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and total dissolved solids values ranged from 295.02 to 301.82 µS cm −1,
|
||||
<quantity id="F6261AF89D2F7956FDD6FF0C7B05DDCD" box="[603,776,212,237]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="8.785" metricValueMax="9.52" metricValueMin="8.05" pageId="6" pageNumber="781" unit="mg" value="8.785" valueMax="9.52" valueMin="8.05">8.05 to 9.52 mg</quantity>
|
||||
L −1, and
|
||||
<quantity id="F6261AF89D2F7956FCE2FF0C7C59DDCD" box="[879,1108,212,237]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.34135" metricValueMax="6.455499999999999" metricValueMin="6.2272" pageId="6" pageNumber="781" unit="mg" value="634.135" valueMax="645.55" valueMin="622.72">622.72 to 645.55 mg</quantity>
|
||||
L −1, respectively. Freshwater ecosystems are currently under extreme ecological stress, which may provoke certain species to decrease or become extinct (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="554FCAEC9D2F7956FC7AFEC17981DC75" author="Mohan B & Prabha D & Priyadarshinee S" pageId="6" pageNumber="781" refId="ref3457" refString="Mohan B, Prabha D, Priyadarshinee S. 2023. First identification of the microcystins - producing cyanobacterium Microcystis flos-aquae and Microcystis wesenbergi in Valankulam lake, Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu, India. Sustain Agri Food Environ Res. 11. doi: 10.7770 / safer- V 13 N 1 - art 334." type="book" year="2023">Mohan and Priyadarshinee 2023</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; Mohan
|
||||
<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2F7956FE75FEE47A21DC75" box="[504,556,316,341]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="781">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2023). Walayar Dam is suffering significant stress from human activities that may affect the density and diversity of the living communities in the aquatic ecosystems. According to
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="554FCAEC9D2F7956FD4EFE597B7FDCBA" author="Lu X & Zhang Y & Liu Y & Fan Y" box="[707,882,385,410]" pageId="6" pageNumber="781" refId="ref3254" refString="Lu X, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Fan Y. 2022. Differences in planktonic and benthic diatoms reflect water quality during a rainstorm event in the Songhua River Basin of Northeast China. Ecol Indic. 144: 109547. doi: 10.1016 / j. ecolind. 2022.109547." type="journal volume" year="2022">
|
||||
Lu
|
||||
<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2F7956FD65FE597B17DCBA" box="[744,794,385,410]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="781">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. (2022)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, diatoms are extremely sensitive to environmental changes, which reflect the variations in the physical and chemical characteristics of the water. The population density of diatoms is also influenced by the water temperature, light penetration, a high level of organic nutrients, toxic compounds, the mixing of sewage water, parasites, herbivores, and heterotrophic microbe activities (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="554FCAEC9D2F7956FEF6FDF67A74DF67" author="Cavicchioli R & Ripple WJ & Timmis KN & Azam F & Bakken LR & Baylis M & Webster NS" box="[379,633,558,583]" pageId="6" pageNumber="781" pagination="569 - 586" refId="ref2682" refString="Cavicchioli R, Ripple WJ, Timmis KN, Azam F, Bakken LR, Baylis M, Webster NS. 2019. Scientists' warning to humanity: microorganisms and climate change. Nat Rev Microbiol. 17 (9): 569 - 586. doi: 10.1038 / s 41579 - 019 - 0222 - 5." type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||||
Cavicchioli
|
||||
<emphasis id="03AA6B0F9D2F7956FD8DFDF67A3FDF67" box="[512,562,558,583]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="781">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2019
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Consequently, examining the water quality parameters of water ecosystems is crucial. In the present study, the analysed physicochemical characteristics such as pH, salinity, total dissolved solids, and electrical conductivity indicate that the Walayar Dam is moderately polluted. The present results underscore the need for continued research into diatom taxonomy, habitat and diversity in the least-explored geographical regions on Earth.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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