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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.405.7402" ID-GBIF-Dataset="57127ecf-70b4-42ab-80a8-db5c6970cc3a" ID-PMC="PMC4023268" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-405-1" ID-PubMed="24843275" ID-ZBK="0EC88104E98F4E999397DB767D38050E" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-405-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 405" ModsDocTitle="Twenty-four new species of Aleiodes Wesmael from the eastern Andes of Ecuador with associated biological information (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae)" checkinTime="1451245943323" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Shimbori, Eduardo Mitio &amp; Shaw, Scott Richard" docDate="2014" docId="3DBAC36DCD9ECBDDFA2C6C722F7AE5E5" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 405: 1-81" docOrigin="ZooKeys 405" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.405.7402" docTitle="Aleiodes onyx Shimbori &amp; Shaw, 2014, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="6BBAEA0E-F0BA-4CFF-B472-0FED7C7656DF" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="60" masterDocId="FF8C5F2CC211FFCEFFD5A74443758641" masterDocTitle="Twenty-four new species of Aleiodes Wesmael from the eastern Andes of Ecuador with associated biological information (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae)" masterLastPageNumber="81" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="57" updateTime="1668158296605" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Twenty-four new species of Aleiodes Wesmael from the eastern Andes of Ecuador with associated biological information (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Shimbori, Eduardo Mitio</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Shaw, Scott Richard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>405</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>81</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.405.7402</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.405.7402</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-405-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">0EC88104E98F4E999397DB767D38050E</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0EC88104E98F4E999397DB767D38050E</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152052787" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6BBAEA0E-F0BA-4CFF-B472-0FED7C7656DF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3DBAC36DCD9ECBDDFA2C6C722F7AE5E5" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<subSubSection pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/6BBAEA0E-F0BA-4CFF-B472-0FED7C7656DF" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes onyx" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="onyx">Aleiodes onyx</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="56" pageNumber="57">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figures 92-95
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="description of holotype">
<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Description of holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Female (holotype). Body length 4.2 mm; antenna length 4.5 mm; fore wing length 4.1 mm.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<pageBreakToken pageId="57" pageNumber="58" start="start">Color</pageBreakToken>
. Mostly black. Head orangish except black ocellar triangle; cheeks, palp and mandibles whitish; mesocutum with postero-median yellowish square mark; scutellum lighter; fore coxa and femur honey yellow; mid coxa, and all trochanter and trochantellus whitish; most of mid and hind femur whitish; all femur with small brown spot
<normalizedToken originalValue="apical–dorsally">apical-dorsally</normalizedToken>
; all tibia and tarsi brown; hind coxa black; hind tibial spurs and base of basitarsi honey brown; tip of metasoma behind T5 brown; ovipositor sheaths dark brown on apical half, basal half whitish.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
Head. Antenna with 33 antennomeres, flagellomeres roughly 2.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide, apical flagellomere with small pointed tip; malar space moderate, length about 1.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
basal width of mandible, and half eye height; in dorsal view eye height 2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
temples; occipital carina interrupted at vertex, ventrally reaching hypostomal carina; oral space small and circular, maximum width equal to basal width of mandible; clypeus not swollen; ocelli moderate,
<normalizedToken originalValue="ocell–ocular">ocell-ocular</normalizedToken>
distance as long as diameter of lateral ocellus; maxillary palp not swollen; head surface sculpturing finely granulate, but occiput smooth and shining.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Mesosoma. Sculpturing mostly granulate; pronotum with some wrinkles; mesopleuron with anterior corner rugose; propodeum more coarsely granulate, with long mid-longitudinal carina on basal 2/3; notauli deep and crenulate anteriorly, meeting on depressed area posteriorly; posterior margin of mesoscutum with short carina, just anterior to scutellar sulcus; scutellar sulcus with median carina plus two pairs of poorly defined lateral carina.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
Wings. Fore wing: stigma 5.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than high; vein r 0.75
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
vein 2RS, 1.25
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
vein RS+Mb, and 0.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as vein m-cu; vein 3RSa about 0.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
vein 3RSb, and 0.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
vein 2M; vein 1CUa 2.4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
vein 1cu-a; vein 1CUb 2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1CUa; vein 1M evenly slightly
<pageBreakToken pageId="58" pageNumber="59" start="start">curved</pageBreakToken>
. Hind wing: m-cu indicated as short pigmented not tubular vein just postfurcal to vein r-m; vein M+CU about as long as vein 1M; vein 1M 1.4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
vein r-m; RS smoothly curved at middle; vein 2-1A present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
Legs. Hind tibia without comb of modified setae; tarsal claw simple, not pectinate, with a comb of relatively long thin setae basally; hind basitarsus 3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than inner apical spur on hind tibia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
Metasoma. T1-T3
<normalizedToken originalValue="rugose–striated">rugose-striated</normalizedToken>
with granulate background; remainder terga granulate; mid longitudinal carina complete from T1 throughout T3; T1 0.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than its apical width; ovipositor sheaths as long as hind tarsomere II.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Paratype variation. None observed, virtually identical to holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Male unknown.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Mummy. Length about 6.5 mm, body entire graphite metallic black color, head orangish yellow, mummy aspect robust, body with one row of setal sockets on each segment and sparse setae except dorsally, wrinkles on thorax; exit hole irregular, located postero-dorsally.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
Type-locality: ECUADOR, Napo Province, Yanayacu Biological Station, YY-57102,
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-0.59833336">S00°35.9'</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-77.89">W77°53.4'</geoCoordinate>
, 2163 m, cloud forest, July 11, 2011.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
Type-specimen: Holotype female and mummy, point mounted separately. Top label: &quot;ECUADOR: Napo Province / Yanayacu Biological Station /
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-0.59833336">S00°35.9'</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-77.89">W77°53.4'</geoCoordinate>
2163m / CAPEA - NSF-BSI-07-17458 / (hand written) May 2011 / 57102&quot;; back (hand written):
<normalizedToken originalValue="“11-Ago-2011”">&quot;11-Ago-2011&quot;</normalizedToken>
. (UWIM)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Paratype, female: same data as holotype, except: July 8, 2011, YY-57101. (UWIM)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="biology">
<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
All type specimens were reared from the same
<taxonomicName family="Zygaenidae" lsidName="" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="family">Zygaenidae</taxonomicName>
caterpillar species (&quot;espalda tomate rubiacea&quot;) feeding on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Notopleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Notopleura plagiantha" order="Gentianales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="plagiantha">Notopleura plagiantha</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName genus="Rubiaceae" lsidName="Rubiaceae" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="genus">Rubiaceae</taxonomicName>
). Parasitoid emerged about five weeks after host mummification. Five caterpillars were collected together from the same plant, suggesting gregarious feeding behavior by the host caterpillars; four of them were parasitized, but adult parasitoids emerged from only two.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
This species belongs to circumscriptus/gastritor species group.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes onyx" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="onyx">Aleiodes onyx</taxonomicName>
sp. n. is similar to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes atripileatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atripileatus">Aleiodes atripileatus</taxonomicName>
; however, it can be distinguished by color patterns: head entirely orangish except ocellar triangle black (occiput mostly black in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes atripileatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atripileatus">Aleiodes atripileatus</taxonomicName>
), propleuron and ventral 1/4 pronotum honey brown (dark
<normalizedToken originalValue="brown–black">brown-black</normalizedToken>
in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes atripileatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atripileatus">Aleiodes atripileatus</taxonomicName>
), mesopleuron whole black (ventral 1/2 honey brown in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes atripileatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atripileatus">Aleiodes atripileatus</taxonomicName>
), mesoscutum postero-central region honey yellow (whole
<normalizedToken originalValue="dark-brown–black">dark-brown-black</normalizedToken>
in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes atripileatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atripileatus">Aleiodes atripileatus</taxonomicName>
); as well as sculpturing features: mesopleuron central elevated area smooth (granulate in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes atripileatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atripileatus">Aleiodes atripileatus</taxonomicName>
), propodeum extensively rugose (granulate in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes atripileatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atripileatus">Aleiodes atripileatus</taxonomicName>
); and antenna with fewer flagellomeres: 31 in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes onyx" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="onyx">Aleiodes onyx</taxonomicName>
sp. n. vs. 34 or more in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes atripileatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atripileatus">Aleiodes atripileatus</taxonomicName>
. Other diagnostic characters fo
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes onyx" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="onyx">Aleiodes onyx</taxonomicName>
sp. n. are the occipital carina interrupted on vertex, the very short ovipositor, about as long as hind 3rd tarsomere, metasoma stout, T1 about 0.9
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as its apical width and slightly wider than mesosoma. The host mummy is similar to that of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes atripileatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atripileatus">Aleiodes atripileatus</taxonomicName>
, but the anal prolegs are not posteriorly extended in mummies made by
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes onyx" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="onyx">Aleiodes onyx</taxonomicName>
sp. n. The base color of the mummy is a metallic graphite-like tone, as opposed to opaque black in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes atripileatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atripileatus">Aleiodes atripileatus</taxonomicName>
mummies.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes onyx" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="onyx">Aleiodes onyx</taxonomicName>
sp. n. is the first
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aleiodes</taxonomicName>
species known from Ecuador to be reared from
<taxonomicName family="Zygaenidae" lsidName="" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="family">Zygaenidae</taxonomicName>
caterpillars.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<pageBreakToken pageId="59" pageNumber="60" start="start">Etymology</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
From the Greek, the word onyx means
<normalizedToken originalValue="“nail”">&quot;nail&quot;</normalizedToken>
. It is the name of a rock, used in adornments since ancient times, with several colors, being the black ones the most appreciated. The name is a reference for the main black color of this parasitoid mummy, which resembles the color of the black onyx rocks.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
Figures 92-95.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes onyx" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="onyx">Aleiodes onyx</taxonomicName>
sp. n. 92 habitus 93 host mummy after parasitoid emergence 94 mesopleuron 95 mesosoma and metasomal terga 1-2, dorsal.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>