Add updates up until 2025-02-04 21:01:41
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB207E21510FFC98E82F9F15CC5F990" author="Ramsay EP" box="[501,662,1631,1656]" pageId="23" pageNumber="462" pagination="242 - 244" refId="ref23421" refString="Ramsay EP. 1885. Contributions to the zoology of New Guinea. Notes on birds from Mount Astrolabe, with descriptions of two new species. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 10: 242-244." type="journal article" year="1885">
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, 1885
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<emphasis id="B957A6011510FFC98FD4F9265F23F975" box="[163,368,1672,1693]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">Lophorina minor</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB207E21510FFC98E0DF9265C72F976" author="Ramsay EP" box="[378,545,1672,1694]" pageId="23" pageNumber="462" pagination="242 - 244" refId="ref23421" refString="Ramsay EP. 1885. Contributions to the zoology of New Guinea. Notes on birds from Mount Astrolabe, with descriptions of two new species. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 10: 242-244." type="journal article" year="1885">Ramsay, 1885</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<emphasis id="B957A6011510FFC98D45F9265C31F953" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">
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Proceedings of the
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10: 242 –
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locality:
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= hinterland of
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<collectingCounty id="62FD029F1510FFC98DEBF96B5F50F911" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">Astrolabe Range</collectingCounty>
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,
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.
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2301901510FFC98FD4F8AD5D51F8F0" authority="Neumann, 1932" authorityName="Neumann" authorityYear="1932" box="[163,770,1794,1816]" class="Aves" family="Paradisaeidae" genus="Lophorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="462" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superba" subSpecies="sphinx">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B957A6011510FFC98FD4F8AD5C45F8F0" box="[163,534,1794,1816]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">Lophorina superba sphinx</emphasis>
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,
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||||
<emphasis id="B957A6011510FFC98FCFF88F5C1BF8DE" box="[184,584,1825,1846]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">Ornithologische Monatsberichte</emphasis>
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40: 121 –
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locality: unknown, probably
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<location id="8EFC2CC81510FFC98D7EF8EE5F50F89C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038ACB051510FFC98E60F9CE5BC4FEF0:8EFC2CC81510FFC98D7EF8EE5F50F89C" country="Papua New Guinea" name="central Owen Stanley Range" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">central Owen Stanley Range</location>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3343A831510FFC98E7AF8F15F14F89C" box="[269,327,1887,1908]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">PNG</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2301901510FFC98C4CFF6B5B10FF32" authority="Rothschild, 1932" authorityName="Rothschild" authorityYear="1932" box="[827,1347,197,219]" class="Aves" family="Paradisaeidae" genus="Lophorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="462" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superba" subSpecies="lehunti">
|
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<emphasis id="B957A6011510FFC98C4CFF6B5A26FF32" box="[827,1141,197,218]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">Lophorina superba lehunti</emphasis>
|
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<materialsCitation id="3B4B704E1510FFC98B0AFF6B5B10FF32" box="[1149,1347,197,219]" country="Papua New Guinea" county="Wharton Range" location="Magazine of Natural History" municipality="Mekeo district" pageId="23" pageNumber="462" specimenCount="1">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB207E21510FFC98B0AFF6B5B10FF32" author="Rothschild W" box="[1149,1347,197,219]" pageId="23" pageNumber="462" refId="ref23691" refString="Rothschild W. 1932. On a new bird of paradise. Annals and Magazine of Natural History ser. 10, 10: 126." type="journal volume" year="1932">Rothschild, 1932</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B957A6011510FFC98A26FF6B5A84FF11" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">
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Annals and
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|
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</emphasis>
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ser. 10, 10: 126 –
|
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locality:
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BF8E0691510FFC98C9EFEAC5ADCFEF0" box="[1001,1167,258,280]" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">Mekeo district</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="62FD029F1510FFC98BEEFEAC5B1CFEF0" box="[1177,1359,258,280]" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">Wharton Range</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3343A831510FFC98A2FFEAD5BC1FEF0" box="[1368,1426,259,280]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="23" pageNumber="462">PNG</collectingCountry>
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.
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95
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,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B957A601151DFFC48D09FCDE5F4BFC4B" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">Australian Zoologist</emphasis>
|
||||
11: 162 –
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5498C4B1151DFFC48EF0FC215FEBFC4C" box="[391,440,911,932]" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
locality:
|
||||
<location id="8EFC2CC8151DFFC48D6AFC215CA7FC4C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038ACB05151DFFC48FCCFCE65C1DFAFE:8EFC2CC8151DFFC48D6AFC215CA7FC4C" box="[541,756,910,932]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Mt. Hagen District" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">Mt. Hagen District</location>
|
||||
, central highlands of
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F3343A83151DFFC48EEBFC035F85FC2A" box="[412,470,941,962]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">PNG</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B9C7A13151DFFC48FE1FC435C23FB94" blockId="26.[150,761,1004,1148]" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B957A601151DFFC48FE1FC435EBCFBEA" box="[150,239,1005,1026]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">Range:</emphasis>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B704E151DFFC48F8BFC425C38FB94" country="Papua New Guinea" county="Lagaip-upper Kikori River" elevation="1700" location="Yuat - Strickland River Divide" municipality="Papuan Peninsula" pageId="26" pageNumber="465" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
eastern cordillera, between the
|
||||
<location id="8EFC2CC8151DFFC48DD9FC425F93FBC8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038ACB05151DFFC48FCCFCE65C1DFAFE:8EFC2CC8151DFFC48DD9FC425F93FBC8" country="Papua New Guinea" county="Lagaip-upper Kikori River" municipality="Papuan Peninsula" name="Yuat - Strickland River Divide" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">
|
||||
Yuat–
|
||||
<location id="8EFC2CC8151DFFC48FE1FBA45F35FBC8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038ACB05151DFFC48FCCFCE65C1DFAFE:8EFC2CC8151DFFC48FE1FBA45F35FBC8" box="[150,358,1034,1056]" country="Papua New Guinea" county="Lagaip-upper Kikori River" municipality="Papuan Peninsula" name="Strickland River" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">
|
||||
Strickland
|
||||
<location id="8EFC2CC8151DFFC48E54FBA45F35FBC8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038ACB05151DFFC48FCCFCE65C1DFAFE:8EFC2CC8151DFFC48E54FBA45F35FBC8" box="[291,358,1034,1056]" country="Papua New Guinea" county="Lagaip-upper Kikori River" municipality="Papuan Peninsula" name="River Divide" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">River</location>
|
||||
</location>
|
||||
Divide
|
||||
</location>
|
||||
and head of the
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF8E069151DFFC48DEBFBA55F5AFBD7" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">Papuan Peninsula</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F3343A83151DFFC48E63FB875F1EFBD6" box="[276,333,1065,1086]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">PNG</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B957A601151DFFC48E22FB845F35FBD7" box="[341,358,1066,1087]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">c.</emphasis>
|
||||
<elevation id="000E9D20151DFFC48E1AFB875C6CFBD7" box="[365,575,1065,1087]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="26" pageNumber="465" unit="m" value="1700.0" valueMax="2200.0" valueMin="1200.0">
|
||||
<quantity id="4CDBD7F6151DFFC48E1AFB875C57FBD7" box="[365,516,1065,1087]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="26" pageNumber="465" unit="m" value="1700.0" valueMax="2200.0" valueMin="1200.0">1200–2200 m</quantity>
|
||||
a.s.l.
|
||||
</elevation>
|
||||
, evidently intergrading with nominate
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C230190151DFFC48EC7FBE65C5EFBB5" ID-CoL="3W484" authorityName="ADDENDA IREDALE" authorityYear="1948" box="[432,525,1096,1117]" class="Aves" family="Paradisaeidae" genus="Lophorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="superba">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B957A601151DFFC48EC7FBE65C5EFBB5" box="[432,525,1096,1117]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">superba</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
westwards through the
|
||||
<collectingCounty id="62FD029F151DFFC48FB4FBC85FA1FB94" box="[195,498,1126,1148]" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">Lagaip-upper Kikori River</collectingCounty>
|
||||
drainages
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C3392998151DFFC48FE1FB0B5C1DFAFE" pageId="26" pageNumber="465" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B9C7A13151DFFC48FE1FB0B5C1DFAFE" blockId="26.[150,762,1189,1303]" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B957A601151DFFC48FE1FB0B5F5AFB52" box="[150,265,1189,1210]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||||
The subspecific name
|
||||
<emphasis id="B957A601151DFFC48D5BFB0B5CC5FB52" box="[556,662,1189,1210]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">addenda</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB207E2151DFFC48DD6FB0B5E8EFB31" author="Iredale T" pageId="26" pageNumber="465" pagination="161 - 189" refId="ref22020" refString="Iredale T. 1948. A check list of the birds of paradise and bower birds. Australian Zoologist 11: 161-189." type="journal article" year="1948">Iredale (1948)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
was previously synonymized under the subspecies
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C230190151DFFC48FBDFB4C5F75FB1F" authorityName="ADDENDA IREDALE" authorityYear="1948" box="[202,294,1250,1271]" class="Aves" family="Paradisaeidae" genus="Lophorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="superba">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B957A601151DFFC48FBDFB4C5F75FB1F" box="[202,294,1250,1271]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">superba</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB207E2151DFFC48E40FB4D5FE9FB10" author="Mayr E" box="[311,442,1250,1272]" pageId="26" pageNumber="465" pagination="181 - 204" refId="ref22649" refString="Mayr E. 1962. Paradisaeidae. In: Mayr E, Greenway JC Jr, eds. Check-list of birds of the world, Vol. 12. Cambridge, MA: Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard, 181-204." type="book chapter" year="1962">Mayr, 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C230190151DFFC48E9BFB4D5C00FB10" authorityName="Ogilvie-Grant" authorityYear="1915" box="[492,595,1251,1272]" class="Aves" family="Paradisaeidae" genus="Lophorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="feminina">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B957A601151DFFC48E9BFB4D5C00FB10" box="[492,595,1251,1272]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">feminina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) or
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C230190151DFFC48DF2FB4C5CA9FB1F" box="[645,762,1250,1271]" class="Aves" family="Paradisaeidae" genus="Lophorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latipennis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B957A601151DFFC48DF2FB4C5CA9FB1F" box="[645,762,1250,1271]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">latipennis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB207E2151DFFC48FE9FAAF5F6DFAFE" author="Cracraft J" box="[158,318,1281,1303]" pageId="26" pageNumber="465" pagination="1 - 43" refId="ref20793" refString="Cracraft J. 1992. The species of the birds of paradise (Paradisaeidae): applying the phylogenetic species concept to a complex pattern of diversification. Cladistics 8: 1-43." type="journal article" year="1992">Cracraft, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB207E2151DFFC48E3DFAAF5C13FAFF" author="Beehler BM & Pratt TK" box="[330,576,1281,1303]" pageId="26" pageNumber="465" refId="ref20520" refString="Beehler BM, Pratt TK. 2016. Birds of New Guinea distribution, taxonomy, and systematics. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press." type="book" year="2016">Beehler & Pratt, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
164
data/03/C8/30/03C83000B576FFB7FED70374FAD9FCB8.xml
Normal file
164
data/03/C8/30/03C83000B576FFB7FED70374FAD9FCB8.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
|
|||
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<mods:title id="489941B6FB8B9E0B5271B2511B8C7166">Morphology, relationships and palaeobiology of the Eocene barracudina † Holosteus esocinus (Aulopiformes: Paralepididae) from Monte Bolca, Italy</mods:title>
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|
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<mods:namePart id="2E8275EE757BAC6DFA8634D7B316E956">Marramà, Giuseppe</mods:namePart>
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|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="0636400709DCAA8F19FF0EF10506A7C0">Carnevale, Giorgio</mods:namePart>
|
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|
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<mods:part id="19E345BDD4DD3B48B445BAA6485207A7">
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|
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|
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|
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<mods:identifier id="CCFC080391FF132E86EEEECB7B617D88" type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlw029</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3483BB2AABE7223899510C2D2A35FFB1" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="26D73D7B6EADC08B9113F69A4B5F0A6A" type="Zenodo-Dep">14805432</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
|
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<treatment id="03C83000B576FFB7FED70374FAD9FCB8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C83000B576FFB7FED70374FAD9FCB8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C83000B576FFB7FED70374FAD9FCB8" lastPageNumber="212" pageId="3" pageNumber="212">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C37BD29DB576FFB7FED70374FDF3FD91" box="[310,631,529,554]" pageId="3" pageNumber="212" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BDE8116B576FFB7FED70374FDF3FD91" blockId="3.[310,631,529,554]" box="[310,631,529,554]" pageId="3" pageNumber="212">
|
||||
<heading id="D096367AB576FFB7FED70374FDF3FD91" box="[310,631,529,554]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="212" reason="2">
|
||||
†
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C61FA95B576FFB7FEA20374FDF3FD91" authority="AGASSIZ, 1835" authorityName="AGASSIZ" authorityYear="1835" box="[323,631,529,554]" family="Paralepididae" genus="Holosteus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulopiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="212" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="8D3817CAB576FFB7FEA20374FE49FD93" baselines="546,547" box="[323,461,529,552]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Holosteus" pageId="3" pageNumber="212">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9155D04B576FFB7FEA20374FE49FD93" box="[323,461,529,552]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="212">HOLOSTEUS</emphasis>
|
||||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0FCE7B576FFB7FE320374FDF3FD91" author="Agassiz L" box="[467,631,529,554]" pageId="3" pageNumber="212" pagination="290 - 316" refId="ref12158" refString="Agassiz L. 1835. Kritische Revision der in der Ittiolitologia Veronese abgebildeten fossilen Fische. Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefaktenkunde Jahrgang 1835: 290-316." type="journal article" year="1835">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="8D3817CAB576FFB7FE320374FDB6FD93" baselines="548,547" box="[467,562,529,554]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Agassiz" pageId="3" pageNumber="212">AGASSIZ</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
, 1835
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C37BD29DB576FFB7FF420334FAD9FCB8" pageId="3" pageNumber="212" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BDE8116B576FFB7FF420334FDEAFDDD" blockId="3.[163,622,592,614]" box="[163,622,592,614]" pageId="3" pageNumber="212">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9155D04B576FFB7FF420334FEB7FDDE" box="[163,307,592,614]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="212">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="54DA3FB4B576FFB7FF420334FF5CFDDD" box="[163,216,593,614]" pageId="3" pageNumber="212">Type</typeStatus>
|
||||
species:
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
†
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C61FA95B576FFB7FEA70334FDEEFDDD" authority="Agassiz, 1835" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1835" box="[326,618,592,614]" family="Paralepididae" genus="Holosteus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulopiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="212" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="esocinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9155D04B576FFB7FEA70334FE41FDDE" box="[326,453,592,614]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="212">H. esocinus</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0FCE7B576FFB7FE2D0335FDEEFDDD" author="Agassiz L" box="[460,618,592,614]" pageId="3" pageNumber="212" pagination="290 - 316" refId="ref12158" refString="Agassiz L. 1835. Kritische Revision der in der Ittiolitologia Veronese abgebildeten fossilen Fische. Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefaktenkunde Jahrgang 1835: 290-316." type="journal article" year="1835">Agassiz, 1835</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BDE8116B576FFB7FF4203EBFE16FA38" blockId="3.[163,779,653,1411]" pageId="3" pageNumber="212">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9155D04B576FFB7FF4203EBFEA7FD18" box="[163,291,654,675]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="212">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||||
Holosteine paralepidid with very elongated body and fineness ratio of 15.0–16.0; head is of about five to six times SL; upper jaw terminating below the ventral margin of the orbit; prominent, non-ossified and horizontally directed projection forming the anterior tip of the lower jaw; articular–quadrate joint located below the posterior margin of the orbit; eight branchiostegal rays; small recurved teeth on premaxilla; large, thin and pointed teeth on palate and lower jaw without corrugate pattern or serrate margins; epineurals and epipleurals extending throughout the vertebral column, being thicker and more ossified in the caudal region; most epineurals bifid or trifid proximally; 106–112 vertebrae of which about 30% are caudal; dorsal fin with 18–20 rays; about 19–22 anal-fin rays; about 10–12 pelvic-fin rays; caudal fin with 19–20 principal rays and about 10–12 dorsal and ventral procurrent rays; five or six autogenous hypurals, of which the first two appear to be partially fused; proximal ends of the epaxial caudal-fin rays that extensively overlap the associated hypurals; bony fulcral scales just in front of the upper and ventral caudal-fin lobes; body completely naked, with a broad, uniform, mid-dorsal brown-pigmented band along the back.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BDE8116B576FFB7FF4204CFFAD9FCB8" blockId="3.[163,779,1450,1902]" lastBlockId="3.[827,1443,197,771]" pageId="3" pageNumber="212">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9155D04B576FFB7FF4204CFFE8BFA04" box="[163,271,1450,1471]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="212">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||||
†
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C61FA95B576FFB7FEC204CFFE7EFA7B" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1835" box="[291,506,1450,1472]" family="Paralepididae" genus="Holosteus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulopiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="212" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="esocinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9155D04B576FFB7FEC204CFFE7EFA7B" box="[291,506,1450,1472]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="212">Holosteus esocinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was created by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0FCE7B576FFB7FD5204CFFF69FA64" author="Agassiz L" pageId="3" pageNumber="212" pagination="290 - 316" refId="ref12158" refString="Agassiz L. 1835. Kritische Revision der in der Ittiolitologia Veronese abgebildeten fossilen Fische. Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefaktenkunde Jahrgang 1835: 290-316." type="journal article" year="1835">Agassiz (1835)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
based on a nearly complete specimen in the collection of the
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED7019D3B576FFB7FE8B048DFE45FA46" box="[362,449,1512,1533]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="3" pageNumber="212">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||||
, Paris (F.Bol175). Recently,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0FCE7B576FFB7FF420763FEE8F9A7" author="Prokofiev AM" box="[163,364,1542,1564]" pageId="3" pageNumber="212" pagination="275 - 283" refId="ref15377" refString="Prokofiev AM. 2005. Holosteinae, a new subfamily of paralepidids (Alepisauroidei: Paralepididae). Journal of Ichthyology 45: 275-283." type="journal article" year="2005">Prokofiev (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
provided a re-examination of the lower Oligocene paralepidids from the Caucasus and Carpathians. Following the taxonomic interpretations of
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0FCE7B576FFB7FEE80707FD81F9C3" author="Daniltshenko PG" box="[265,517,1634,1656]" pageId="3" pageNumber="212" pagination="1 - 214" refId="ref13214" refString="Daniltshenko PG. 1960. Bony fishes of the Maikop deposits of the Caucasus. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta, Akademiya Nauk SSSR 78: 1-214. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1960">Daniltshenko (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0FCE7B576FFB7FDF60707FD57F9C3" author="Gorbach LP" box="[535,723,1634,1656]" pageId="3" pageNumber="212" pagination="131 - 136" refId="ref13931" refString="Gorbach LP. 1961. On some pelagic fish from Carpathian Oligocene. Paleontological Collection Lvov University 1: 131-136. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1961">Gorbach (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0FCE7B576FFB7FF4207E4FEFEF92D" author="Constantin P" box="[163,378,1665,1687]" pageId="3" pageNumber="212" pagination="77 - 86" refId="ref13171" refString="Constantin P. 2001. Holosteus finiensis n. sp., a new fossil fish (Teleostei: Paralepididae) in the Rupelian Formation from Fieni (Eastern Carpathians, Romania). Acta Paleontologica Romaniae 3: 77-86." type="journal article" year="2001">Constantin (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0FCE7B576FFB7FE6807E4FDC9F92C" author="Prokofiev AM" box="[393,589,1665,1687]" pageId="3" pageNumber="212" pagination="275 - 283" refId="ref15377" refString="Prokofiev AM. 2005. Holosteinae, a new subfamily of paralepidids (Alepisauroidei: Paralepididae). Journal of Ichthyology 45: 275-283." type="journal article" year="2005">Prokofiev (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
assigned to the genus †
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C61FA95B576FFB7FF1D07C5FEE9F90E" authorityName="AGASSIZ" authorityYear="1835" box="[252,365,1696,1717]" family="Paralepididae" genus="Holosteus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulopiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="212" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9155D04B576FFB7FF1D07C5FEE9F90E" box="[252,365,1696,1717]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="212">Holosteus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the Oligocene barracudina species †
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C61FA95B576FFB7FF4E07DBFDD2F968" authority="Menner, 1948" authorityName="Menner" authorityYear="1948" box="[175,598,1726,1748]" family="Paralepididae" genus="Pavlovichthys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulopiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="212" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mariae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9155D04B576FFB7FF4E07DBFE28F96F" box="[175,428,1726,1748]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="212">Pavlovichthys mariae</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0FCE7B576FFB7FE5407DAFDD2F968" author="Menner VV" box="[437,598,1726,1748]" pageId="3" pageNumber="212" pagination="51 - 63" refId="ref14875" refString="Menner VV. 1948. Ikhtiofauna maikopskikh otlozhenii Kavkaza. 1. Morskie shchukoobraznye ryby. Trudy Instituta Geologicheskikh Nauka 98: 51-63. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1948">Menner, 1948</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, also providing a diagnosis of the genus. This Oligocene species differs from †
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C61FA95B576FFB7FEC00799FE20F8AA" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1835" box="[289,420,1788,1809]" family="Paralepididae" genus="Holosteus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulopiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="212" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="esocinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9155D04B576FFB7FEC00799FE20F8AA" box="[289,420,1788,1809]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="212">H. esocinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by having the articular–quadrate joint located in front of the anterior margin of the orbit, large fang-like teeth with corrugate pattern on lower jaw, more than eight branchiostegal rays, first and second hypurals not fused and anal and pelvic fins with about 25 rays. Our observations clearly indicate that the generic diagnosis provided by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0FCE7B576FFB7FAD40067FC00FE8C" author="Prokofiev AM" pageId="3" pageNumber="212" pagination="275 - 283" refId="ref15377" refString="Prokofiev AM. 2005. Holosteinae, a new subfamily of paralepidids (Alepisauroidei: Paralepididae). Journal of Ichthyology 45: 275-283." type="journal article" year="2005">Prokofiev (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
for the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C61FA95B576FFB7FBD00044FB27FE8D" authorityName="AGASSIZ" authorityYear="1835" box="[1073,1187,289,310]" family="Paralepididae" genus="Holosteus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulopiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="212" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9155D04B576FFB7FBD00044FB27FE8D" box="[1073,1187,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="212">Holosteus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
must be restricted to the Oligocene taxon, which, as a consequence, should be referred to a separate genus (see above). The Oligocene species †‘
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C61FA95B576FFB7FBFE0018FB6AFE28" baseAuthorityName="Menner" baseAuthorityYear="1948" box="[1055,1262,381,403]" family="Paralepididae" genus="Holosteus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulopiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="212" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mariae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9155D04B576FFB7FBFE0018FB0BFE29" box="[1055,1167,381,402]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="212">Holosteus</emphasis>
|
||||
’
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9155D04B576FFB7FB7D001BFB6AFE28" box="[1180,1262,382,403]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="212">mariae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is therefore reassigned to the genus †
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C61FA95B576FFB7FBB400F9FB7CFE0A" authorityName="Menner" authorityYear="1948" box="[1109,1272,412,433]" family="Paralepididae" genus="Pavlovichthys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulopiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="212" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9155D04B576FFB7FBB400F9FB7CFE0A" box="[1109,1272,412,433]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="212">Pavlovichthys</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, following the principle of priority of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED7019D3B576FFB7FB4F00BCFB76FE55" box="[1198,1266,473,494]" pageId="3" pageNumber="212">ICZN</collectionCode>
|
||||
, 1999). In his analysis,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0FCE7B576FFB7FC470092FBE7FDB6" author="Prokofiev AM" box="[934,1123,503,525]" pageId="3" pageNumber="212" pagination="275 - 283" refId="ref15377" refString="Prokofiev AM. 2005. Holosteinae, a new subfamily of paralepidids (Alepisauroidei: Paralepididae). Journal of Ichthyology 45: 275-283." type="journal article" year="2005">Prokofiev (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
indicated the generic name †
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C61FA95B576FFB7FCA90373FC59FD90" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1835" box="[840,989,534,555]" genus="Xiphopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="212" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9155D04B576FFB7FCA90373FC59FD90" box="[840,989,534,555]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="212">Xiphopterus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, erected by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0FCE7B576FFB7FB990373FAA6FD90" author="Agassiz L" box="[1144,1314,534,556]" pageId="3" pageNumber="212" refId="ref12191" refString="Agassiz L. 1833 - 1844. Recherches sur les Poissons Fossiles. Neuchatel: Petitpierre, 1420 pp." type="book" year="1833">Agassiz (1833</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
–1844) for †
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C61FA95B576FFB7FCA60353FBEFFDF0" authority="Volta, 1796" authorityName="Volta" authorityYear="1796" box="[839,1131,565,587]" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="212" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="falcatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9155D04B576FFB7FCA60353FC65FDF1" box="[839,993,565,587]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="212">Esox falcatus</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0FCE7B576FFB7FC090350FBEFFDF0" author="Volta GS" box="[1000,1131,565,587]" pageId="3" pageNumber="212" refId="ref16120" refString="Volta GS. 1796. Ittiolitologia Veronese del Museo Bozziano ora annesso a quello del Conte Giovambattista Gazola e di altri Gabinetti Fossili Veronesi. Verona: Stamperia Giuliari, 323 pp." type="book" year="1796">Volta, 1796</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, from the Eocene of Monte Bolca as a probable synonym of †
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C61FA95B576FFB7FB4A0336FA9DFDD3" authorityName="AGASSIZ" authorityYear="1835" box="[1195,1305,595,616]" family="Paralepididae" genus="Holosteus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulopiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="212" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9155D04B576FFB7FB4A0336FA9DFDD3" box="[1195,1305,595,616]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="212">Holosteus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The examination of the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="54DA3FB4B576FFB7FC330317FBB7FD33" box="[978,1075,626,648]" pageId="3" pageNumber="212" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
of †
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C61FA95B576FFB7FB800317FACFFD3C" baseAuthorityName="Volta" baseAuthorityYear="1796" box="[1121,1355,626,647]" genus="Xiphopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="212" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="falcatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9155D04B576FFB7FB800317FACFFD3C" box="[1121,1355,626,647]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="212">Xiphopterus falcatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
housed in the
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED7019D3B576FFB7FC6803F4FC64FD1D" box="[905,992,657,678]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="3" pageNumber="212">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||||
, Paris (F.Bol544) allows us to exclude such a hypothesis, considering that except for the similar elongated body, none of the diagnostic characters of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C61FA95B576FFB7FC860388FB81FCB8" authorityName="BONAPARTE" authorityYear="1835" box="[871,1029,749,771]" family="Paralepididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulopiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="212" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Paralepididae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
can be recognized in this fish.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
124
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|
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, 1835
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
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†
|
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|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF0FCE7B577FFB6FB7603D8FADAFD6D" author="Prokofiev AM" box="[1175,1374,701,726]" pageId="2" pageNumber="211" pagination="275 - 283" refId="ref15377" refString="Prokofiev AM. 2005. Holosteinae, a new subfamily of paralepidids (Alepisauroidei: Paralepididae). Journal of Ichthyology 45: 275-283." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
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|
||||
, 2005
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C37BD29DB577FFB7FCC80261FC88FE6B" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="212" pageId="2" pageNumber="211" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BDE8116B577FFB6FCC80261FAA1FBD0" blockId="2.[809,1425,772,1131]" pageId="2" pageNumber="211">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9155D04B577FFB6FCC80261FA82FCA2" box="[809,1286,772,793]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="211">
|
||||
Diagnosis (emended from
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0FCE7B577FFB6FBAD0261FB73FCA2" author="Prokofiev AM" box="[1100,1271,772,793]" pageId="2" pageNumber="211" pagination="275 - 283" refId="ref15377" refString="Prokofiev AM. 2005. Holosteinae, a new subfamily of paralepidids (Alepisauroidei: Paralepididae). Journal of Ichthyology 45: 275-283." type="journal article" year="2005">Prokofiev, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
):
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Large-sized paralepidids (most of the specimens reach about
|
||||
<quantity id="4C992CF3B577FFB6FA940247FCCEFCEC" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="211" unit="cm" value="60.0">60 cm</quantity>
|
||||
SL) characterized by a rigid trunk with opposing dorsal and anal-fins posteriorly displaced on the posterior half of the body; dorsal-fin origin located on or slightly behind the vertical of the anal-fin origin; at least 18 dorsal-fin rays; high number of vertebrae (70– 112); caudal vertebrae 25–40% of the total number; extended series of epineurals and epipleurals reaching the caudal region; body covered by small scales or totally naked; large and dorsoventrally symmetrical caudal fin; (apparent) absence of adipose fin.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BDE8116B577FFB6FCC805F6FBFEFB7D" blockId="2.[809,1423,1170,1223]" pageId="2" pageNumber="211">
|
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<emphasis id="B9155D04B577FFB6FCC805F6FB90FB13" box="[809,1044,1170,1192]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="211">I n c l u d e d g e n e r a:</emphasis>
|
||||
†
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9155D04B577FFB6FBD505F6FB3CFB13" box="[1076,1208,1170,1192]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="211">
|
||||
H o l o s t e
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F376C186B577FFB6FB7A05F6FB3CFB13" box="[1179,1208,1171,1192]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="211">u s</collectingCountry>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
A g a s s i z, 1 8 3 5, †
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C61FA95B577FFB6FCD405D4FBF2FB7D" authority="Menner, 1948" authorityName="Menner" authorityYear="1948" box="[821,1142,1201,1223]" family="Paralepididae" genus="Pavlovichthys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulopiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="211" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9155D04B577FFB6FCD405D4FC55FB7D" box="[821,977,1201,1222]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="211">Pavlovichthys</emphasis>
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF0FCE7B577FFB6FC3905D7FBF2FB7D" author="Menner VV" box="[984,1142,1201,1223]" pageId="2" pageNumber="211" pagination="51 - 63" refId="ref14875" refString="Menner VV. 1948. Ikhtiofauna maikopskikh otlozhenii Kavkaza. 1. Morskie shchukoobraznye ryby. Trudy Instituta Geologicheskikh Nauka 98: 51-63. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1948">Menner, 1948</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BDE8116B577FFB7FCC8058BFC88FE6B" blockId="2.[809,1425,1262,1898]" lastBlockId="3.[163,780,197,464]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="212" pageId="2" pageNumber="211">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9155D04B577FFB6FCC8058BFC11FAB8" box="[809,917,1262,1283]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="211">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||||
The subfamily †
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9155D04B577FFB6FBB6058BFB5AFAB8" box="[1111,1246,1262,1283]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="211">Holosteinae</emphasis>
|
||||
was erected by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0FCE7B577FFB6FCC80468FC6DFA98" author="Prokofiev AM" box="[809,1001,1293,1315]" pageId="2" pageNumber="211" pagination="275 - 283" refId="ref15377" refString="Prokofiev AM. 2005. Holosteinae, a new subfamily of paralepidids (Alepisauroidei: Paralepididae). Journal of Ichthyology 45: 275-283." type="journal article" year="2005">Prokofiev (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
based on putatively unique synapomorphies shared by †
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C61FA95B577FFB6FBC20449FACBFAF9" authority="Agassiz, 1835" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1835" box="[1059,1359,1324,1346]" family="Paralepididae" genus="Holosteus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulopiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="211" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="esocinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9155D04B577FFB6FBC20449FB23FAFA" box="[1059,1191,1324,1345]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="211">H. esocinus</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0FCE7B577FFB6FB4F0449FACBFAF9" author="Agassiz L" box="[1198,1359,1324,1346]" pageId="2" pageNumber="211" pagination="290 - 316" refId="ref12158" refString="Agassiz L. 1835. Kritische Revision der in der Ittiolitologia Veronese abgebildeten fossilen Fische. Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefaktenkunde Jahrgang 1835: 290-316." type="journal article" year="1835">Agassiz, 1835</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, from the Eocene of Monte Bolca and †‘
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9155D04B577FFB6FB5A042FFAB0FAE4" box="[1211,1332,1354,1375]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="211">Holosteus’</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C61FA95B577FFB6FADC042EFC65FAC5" authority="(Menner, 1948)" baseAuthorityName="Menner" baseAuthorityYear="1948" family="Paralepididae" genus="Holosteus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulopiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="211" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mariae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9155D04B577FFB6FADC042EFA15FADB" box="[1341,1425,1355,1376]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="211">mariae</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0FCE7B577FFB6FCD0040CFC5DFAC5" author="Menner VV" box="[817,985,1385,1406]" pageId="2" pageNumber="211" pagination="51 - 63" refId="ref14875" refString="Menner VV. 1948. Ikhtiofauna maikopskikh otlozhenii Kavkaza. 1. Morskie shchukoobraznye ryby. Trudy Instituta Geologicheskikh Nauka 98: 51-63. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1948">Menner, 1948</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from the lower Oligocene deposits of Caucasus (
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F376C186B577FFB6FC2F04EDFBA5FA25" box="[974,1057,1416,1438]" name="Russia" pageId="2" pageNumber="211">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
) and Carpathians (
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F376C186B577FFB6FAF504EDFA00FA25" box="[1300,1412,1416,1438]" name="Romania" pageId="2" pageNumber="211">Romania</collectingCountry>
|
||||
). According to
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0FCE7B577FFB6FC5C04C3FBF3FA07" author="Prokofiev AM" box="[957,1143,1446,1468]" pageId="2" pageNumber="211" pagination="275 - 283" refId="ref15377" refString="Prokofiev AM. 2005. Holosteinae, a new subfamily of paralepidids (Alepisauroidei: Paralepididae). Journal of Ichthyology 45: 275-283." type="journal article" year="2005">Prokofiev (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, these features include a lower jaw joint located in front of the level of the anterior margin of orbit, dorsal-fin origin located behind the anal-fin origin, about 70–100 vertebrae, at least ten branchiostegal rays, large fang-like teeth on the dentary and about 25 rays in both anal and pelvic fins. However, the lack of a comprehensive revision of the Eocene species from Monte Bolca prevented the recognition of the actual nature of their relationships. The exquisitely preserved specimens from the Eocene of Monte Bolca described herein are certainly related to the Oligocene taxon and clearly belong to the subfamily †Holosteinae, being characterized by a rigid trunk with both median fins displaced on the posterior half of the body, a dorsal fin with at least 18 rays whose origin is located slightly behind the vertical of that of the anal fin and a high number of vertebrae (70–110). Three additional synapomorphies were also recognized, including caudal vertebrae of 25–40% of the total number, intermuscular bones extending posteriorly and reaching the caudal region and (apparent) absence of an adipose fin. A number of features, however, provide robust evidence of the separate generic status of the Eocene and Oligocene species (see below).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
146
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146
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A.H.
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<bibRefCitation id="E56390DDD068755ECA23FA28369EF9AB" author="Clark AH" box="[556,716,1534,1559]" pageId="3" pageNumber="345" pagination="125 - 136" refId="ref10504" refString="Clark AH. 1908 a. New genera of unstalked crinoids. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 21: 125-136." type="journal article" year="1908">
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, 1908a
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<emphasis id="B386313ED068755EC89EF9F034A5F987" box="[145,247,1574,1595]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="345">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||||
: Within
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="46F296AFD068755EC954F9F0367BF980" authorityName="A. H. CLARK" authorityYear="1908" box="[347,553,1574,1596]" pageId="3" pageNumber="344" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Himerometroidea">Himerometroidea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, as currently construed on morphological grounds,
|
||||
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|
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includes
|
||||
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|
||||
<emphasis id="B386313ED068755EC90FF9B235F3F9C5" box="[256,417,1636,1657]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="345">Himerometra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
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|
||||
<emphasis id="B386313ED068755EC9BDF9B23618F9C5" box="[434,586,1636,1657]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="345">Amphimetra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="46F296AFD068755ECA54F9B236A3F9C5" authorityName="AH Clark" authorityYear="1909" box="[603,753,1636,1657]" class="Crinoidea" family="Himerometridae" genus="Heterometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="3" pageNumber="345" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B386313ED068755ECA54F9B236A3F9C5" box="[603,753,1636,1657]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="345">Heterometra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="46F296AFD068755EC89EF9553517F924" authorityName="AH Clark" authorityYear="1918" box="[145,325,1666,1688]" class="Crinoidea" family="Himerometridae" genus="Homalometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="3" pageNumber="345" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B386313ED068755EC89EF9553517F924" box="[145,325,1666,1688]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="345">Homalometra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="46F296AFD068755EC951F955367AF924" authorityName="AH Clark" authorityYear="1909" box="[350,552,1666,1688]" class="Crinoidea" family="Himerometridae" genus="Craspedometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="3" pageNumber="345" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B386313ED068755EC951F955367AF924" box="[350,552,1666,1688]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="345">Craspedometra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and the fossil
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="46F296AFD068755EC89EF9743545F90B" authorityName="Gislèn" authorityYear="1924" box="[145,279,1698,1719]" class="Crinoidea" family="Himerometridae" genus="Discometra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="3" pageNumber="345" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B386313ED068755EC89EF9743545F90B" box="[145,279,1698,1719]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="345">Discometra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and is characterized by primibrachials united by synarthry with the following brachitaxes of chiefly four ossicles; brachials of undivided arms short and disc-like, and the adoral surface of the centrodorsal bearing Y-shaped or radiating coelomic furrows (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E56390DDD068755EC8D4F8ED35B5F8F3" author="Hess H & Messing CG" box="[219,487,1850,1872]" pageId="3" pageNumber="345" pagination="70 - 146" refId="ref11533" refString="Hess H, Messing CG. 2011. Comatulida. In: Hess H, Messing CG, Ausich WI, eds. Treatise on invertebrate paleontology, Part T, Echinodermata 2 Revised, Crinoidea, Vol. 3. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Press, 70-146." type="book chapter" year="2011">Hess & Messing, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Extant members are restricted to the tropical Indo-western Pacific region at depths almost entirely <
|
||||
<specimenCount id="97F426A5D068755ECC33FA5B30DAFA1E" box="[1084,1160,1421,1442]" count="100" pageId="3" pageNumber="345" type="generic">
|
||||
<quantity id="460A40C9D068755ECC33FA5B30D6FA1E" box="[1084,1156,1421,1442]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="345" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</specimenCount>
|
||||
Species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="46F296AFD068755ECD0EFA5B31C2FA1E" authorityName="AH Clark" authorityYear="1909" box="[1281,1424,1421,1442]" class="Crinoidea" family="Himerometridae" genus="Amphimetra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="3" pageNumber="345" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B386313ED068755ECD0EFA5B31C2FA1E" box="[1281,1424,1421,1442]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="345">Amphimetra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
normally have ten arms, but rare additional arms arise from brachitaxes of two ossicles.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E56390DDD068755ECCEAFA1D31C3FA63" author="Hemery L" box="[1253,1425,1482,1504]" pageId="3" pageNumber="345" refId="ref11411" refString="Hemery L. 2011. Diversite moleculaire, phylogeographie et phylogenie des Crinoides (Echinodermes) dans un environnement extreme: l'ocean Austral. Dissertation, Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris." type="book" year="2011">Hemery (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
placed
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="46F296AFD068755ECB77FA3F3055FA42" authorityName="AH Clark" authorityYear="1909" box="[888,1031,1513,1534]" class="Crinoidea" family="Himerometridae" genus="Amphimetra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="3" pageNumber="345" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B386313ED068755ECB77FA3F3055FA42" box="[888,1031,1513,1534]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="345">Amphimetra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
within a clade of mariametrids (as sister to two
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="46F296AFD068755ECBB6F9DE3004F9A1" box="[953,1110,1544,1565]" class="Crinoidea" family="Mariametridae" genus="Lamprometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="3" pageNumber="345" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B386313ED068755ECBB6F9DE3004F9A1" box="[953,1110,1544,1565]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="345">Lamprometra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
terminals), which also have brachitaxes of two ossicles. Her larger mariametrid clade, consisting of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="46F296AFD068755ECC15F99330EDF9E6" box="[1050,1215,1605,1626]" class="Crinoidea" family="Mariametridae" genus="Lamprometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="3" pageNumber="345" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B386313ED068755ECC15F99330EDF9E6" box="[1050,1215,1605,1626]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="345">Lamprometra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="46F296AFD068755ECD0FF99331C3F9E6" authorityName="AH Clark" authorityYear="1909" box="[1280,1425,1605,1626]" class="Crinoidea" family="Mariametridae" genus="Mariametra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="3" pageNumber="345" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B386313ED068755ECD0FF99331C3F9E6" box="[1280,1425,1605,1626]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="345">Mariametra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
terminals, also included one of the two
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="46F296AFD068755ECCF0F9B231C3F9C5" authorityName="AH Clark" authorityYear="1909" box="[1279,1425,1636,1657]" class="Crinoidea" family="Himerometridae" genus="Heterometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="3" pageNumber="345" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B386313ED068755ECCF0F9B231C3F9C5" box="[1279,1425,1636,1657]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="345">Heterometra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
terminals, although these sequence data are yet to be published.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E56390DDD068755ECBC2F97730A9F90A" author="Summers MM & Rouse GW" box="[973,1275,1697,1718]" pageId="3" pageNumber="345" refId="ref12909" refString="Summers MM, Rouse GW. 2014. Phylogeny of Myzostomida (Annelida) and their relationships with echinoderm hosts. BMC Evolutionary Biology 14: 170." type="journal volume" year="2014">Summers & Rouse (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
also showed
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="46F296AFD068755ECB26F96937EDF968" authorityName="AH Clark" authorityYear="1909" box="[809,959,1727,1748]" class="Crinoidea" family="Himerometridae" genus="Amphimetra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="3" pageNumber="345" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B386313ED068755ECB26F96937EDF968" box="[809,959,1727,1748]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="345">Amphimetra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
nested among mariametrid terminals rather than with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="46F296AFD068755ECC0FF90930CDF948" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1907" box="[1024,1183,1759,1780]" class="Crinoidea" family="Himerometridae" genus="Himerometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="3" pageNumber="345" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B386313ED068755ECC0FF90930CDF948" box="[1024,1183,1759,1780]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="345">Himerometra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Currently, no morphological synapomorphies have been identified that diagnose
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="46F296AFD068755ECB94F8CD3033F88D" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1908" box="[923,1121,1819,1841]" class="Crinoidea" family="Himerometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="3" pageNumber="345" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Himerometridae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
to the exclusion of those taxa that molecular evidence suggests fall outside the family.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
849
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Normal file
849
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|
|
@ -0,0 +1,849 @@
|
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<mods:affiliation id="E00FC425FE689ADC9A93F82CC8B20624">Edwards Aquifer Research and Data Center, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:part id="35C535939638366F383FD502FB5FBDB2">
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<mods:date id="1F8856A56EFD11458C7A764A8DFCDAE6">2025</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3761A7E47795AC944E3024D69A3183FC">2025-02-04</mods:number>
|
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|
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<treatment id="1A1A6EBD9EEC5871823E68F0B14A8958" ID-arpha="1A1A6EBD-9EEC-5871-823E-68F0B14A8958" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1A1A6EBD9EEC5871823E68F0B14A8958" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1A1A6EBD9EEC5871823E68F0B14A8958" scope_class="Gastropoda" scope_family="Cochliopidae" scope_order="Littorinimorpha" scope_phylum="Mollusca" scope_subClass="Caenogastropoda" scope_subFamily="Littorinidae" scope_superFamily="Truncatelloidea">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="AC4FEB60F1D54CB09459A7C324A4AF0E" type="nomenclature">
|
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|
||||
<taxonomicName id="437193E06FB1BBF3A8BF80829E15F5DA" authority="(Pilsbry & Ferris, 1906)" authorityName="Perez & Saenz & Guerrero & Gonzalez & Guerrero & Diaz & Hutchins & Schwartz" authorityYear="2025" baseAuthorityName="Pilsbry & Ferris" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Texapyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="diaboli" status="comb. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8514A71550DF25E513A7A527231AC8B9" italics="true">Texapyrgus diaboli</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4B6C8F04031D6E7A1F2976B449EB7895" author="Pilsbry HA & Ferris JH" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pagination="123-175" refId="B38" refString="Pilsbry HA, Ferris JH (1906) Mollusca of the Southwestern States, II (Plates V - IX). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 58: 123-175." title="Mollusca of the Southwestern States, II (Plates V - IX)." volume="58" year="1906">Pilsbry & Ferris, 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="08D016DD2A60FF385E807D9A0E5F205C" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="DD34198D83BBABA0D51E11E86C29D54C" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="68C0BB62C05D40D3BCCD1D649893F150">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="42DF26B8B7E08C038E88E8861BF36DCA" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. SEM of shells A shells of Stygopyrgus variabilis sp. nov., Las Palmas 5, Lower Canyons of the Rio Grande, Brewster Co., TX. ANSP 506748 B Las Palmas 1, Lower Canyons of the Rio Grande, Brewster Co., TX C shell of Stygopyrgus gracilis sp. nov., Fresno Creek, Fresno Canyon, Presidio County, TX. ANSP 506744 D Texapyrgus diaboli, comb. nov., lectotype of Tryonia diaboli, ANSP 91726, Drift of Devils River, Val Verde County, TX E Big Satan Canyon, Devils River, Val Verde County, TX F Phreatodrobia embossa sp. nov., Caroline Springs, Terrell County, TX. ANSP 506746. Scale bars: 500 µm (A – C, F); 300 µm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1242126">Figs 4 D, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="D9FF43C37EB9F90CAAC767629E1FA53F" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. SEM of protoconch sculpture A – D & teleoconch sculpture E – I A, E Stygopyrgus variabilis sp. nov. Individual from Las Palmas 1, Lower Canyons of the Rio Grande, Brewster County, TX B, F Stygopyrgus gracilis sp. nov. Individual from Fresno Canyon, Presidio County, TX C, G Texapyrgus diaboli comb. nov. Individual from Big Satan Canyon, Devils River, Val Verde County, TX D, H Phreatodrobia embossa sp. nov. Individual from Caroline Springs, Terrell County, TX I Balconorbis coronae comb. nov. Individual from Indian Springs Canyon Springs, Val Verde County, TX. Scale bars: 100 µm (A – E); 50 µm (E – I)." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1242127">5 C, G</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="EDC2DC5D5809886516E3471891D81E20" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="031BFB9D4003213E1B883EC2452EA353">
|
||||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="4E32E010AB6B70D27E41B298664DBCB4">
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="85F887A41C4885D0FEBF9814CF6C6094">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="47C380FDB24FD8C64E3C35626A85D863" ID-CoL="4C7J9" authority="Pilsbry & Ferris, 1906" authorityName="Pilsbry & Ferris" authorityYear="1906" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Paludestrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="diaboli">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5C1D70B1A27232564335FA1C970904B0" italics="true">Paludestrina diaboli</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="85DB08784DFDD293D7FCC1F8F035F0B3" author="Pilsbry HA & Ferris JH" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pagination="123-175" refId="B38" refString="Pilsbry HA, Ferris JH (1906) Mollusca of the Southwestern States, II (Plates V - IX). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 58: 123-175." title="Mollusca of the Southwestern States, II (Plates V - IX)." volume="58" year="1906">Pilsbry & Ferris, 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
, pp. 170, fig. 36.
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="88A3ECAC42F6455A209E4CB734BEB310">
|
||||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BDB426BB3611283260CFEF615A4DE5DD">
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="DE7655EC155ABE0490D9E9E27677BED8">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8100E2B9BE736F08681C333B993AD772" ID-CoL="55Y85" authority="Thompson & Hershler, 1991, pp. 680 - 682" authorityName="Thompson & Hershler" authorityPageNumber="680 - 682" authorityYear="1991" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Texapyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="longleyi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F48B318C17A114376A102D52FCF5BAFB" italics="true">Texapyrgus longleyi</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C0DFA0F8BE156E57988595C140300DD0" author="Thompson FG & Hershler R" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pagination="669-683" refId="B49" refString="Thompson FG, Hershler R (1991) New hydrobiid snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Prosobranchia: Truncatelloidea) from North America. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 104: 669-683." title="New hydrobiid snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Prosobranchia: Truncatelloidea) from North America." volume="104" year="1991">Thompson & Hershler, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, pp. 680–682
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="AD1BB9892DD0E53192EA1562B125AF90">
|
||||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="110964F7E4C1B9F8D3D44095AEC2C70C">
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="F3018F7AB15B718CA1D805D18F1E81AF">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="75AA78250BE2754C231CB730CBC0C5FF" ID-CoL="7D9RJ" authority=", Diaz et al. 2020, pp. 18 - 24" authorityName="Diaz" authorityPageNumber="18 - 24" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Tryonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="diaboli">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6034B0CDF57A6613203BCB2D7E987CD2" italics="true">Tryonia diaboli</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="703403E5511B76B120D7105A9F376025" DOI="10.31931/fmbc.v22i2.2020" author="Diaz" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Diaz" journalOrPublisher="Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation" pagination="18-24" refId="B17" refString="Diaz PH, Alvear D, Perez KE (2020) Mesohabitat Associations of the Devil Tryonia, Tryonia diaboli (Gastropoda: Truncatelloidea: Cochliopidae). Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation 23: 18–24. https://doi.org/10.31931/fmbc.v22i2.2020" title="Mesohabitat Associations of the Devil Tryonia, Tryonia diaboli (Gastropoda: Truncatelloidea: Cochliopidae)." volume="23" year="2020">Diaz et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, pp. 18–24
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0ETIAI" type="Types">
|
||||
<paragraph id="1C529D43F77FCA90360D184273846F22">
|
||||
<heading id="DA448D7DDC9D76C75A705693A323CEDE" reason="title">Types.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6AE62A023F9053BDE4FB0C78462D32B3">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="7E4D8DFFA9C081BB70657BFC64A9FA0B" collectionCode="ANSP" specimenCode="ANSP 91726" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="401F8F55E48F85D0861F4BC56838616E" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
<specimenCode id="7469C1CFB79B65A418E6CF95519C5445" collectionCode="ANSP" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" type="">
|
||||
<named-content id="1393AC3A8C0D1B2B94FB954817E9E025" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/academy-natural-sciences-philadelphia" xlink_title="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia at Drexler University">ANSP</named-content>
|
||||
91726
|
||||
</specimenCode>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E4IAI" type="type locality">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3EAEE573C82632043B4F7188DF02EF23">
|
||||
<heading id="23C1A5E722984021F6D4DD0F785210E3" reason="title">Type locality.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="588311204CAB55DB3FA3E2149DE8E85C">
|
||||
Spring on east side of Devil’s [sic] River in canyon just downflow from Slaughter bend (Indian Springs Canyon Springs), Amistad National Recreation Area,
|
||||
<quantity id="0EB1DA9F22A4339956AA4350B7C52249" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" unit="km" value="32.0">32 km</quantity>
|
||||
N of Del Rio, Val Verde County, TX,
|
||||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EGJAI" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-100.917650,29.658200]}">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="4A391430B09EBD94581AB8793D9ADD6A" degrees="29.6582" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="29.6582">29.6582</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="97D1DB2B63387DD1611146560C7DDE7F" degrees="100.91765" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-100.91765">- 100.91765</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0ELJAI" type="material">
|
||||
<paragraph id="695E94FEEF4698E1A9AD5779947DB714">
|
||||
<heading id="1EF5066B18B9FA457F138B9C376328FC" reason="title">Additional material examined.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FFDA9B9770E9973A724944A9F75F20AD">
|
||||
– All sites are in
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="88A9543BA5B6B421EC9E1B4C3A4815AA" collectionCode="ABC" collectorName="P. Diaz" country="United States of America" county="Val Verde County" latitude="29.9048" location="Devils River" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-101.0111" municipality="Finegan 105" specimenCode="ABC-000882" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Texas">
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="E911C243C4783FB76E6F8463BD76A0F5" country="United States of America" name="Texas">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="141DA926B1EA76DE2D06FFE88334848F" name="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<collectingCounty id="95EFD5DB5822B3D00A16D2C447BF30CA">Val Verde County</collectingCounty>
|
||||
•
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="5324BA6EB6B969BE5427EC272E855FBF">Finegan 105</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location id="6E582A56ABE078DAEA33B14EB03D38B9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1A1A6EBD9EEC5871823E68F0B14A8958:6E582A56ABE078DAEA33B14EB03D38B9" country="United States of America" county="Val Verde County" latitude="29.9048" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-101.0111" municipality="Finegan 105" name="Devils River" stateProvince="Texas">Devils River</location>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="7F75FD582182C0B62DD68AE1C87121A9" degrees="29.9048" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="29.9048">29.9048</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EB2FB7B0D86B22A22A1697E100C11B68" degrees="101.0111" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-101.0111">- 101.0111</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<collectorName id="4959ACEC1C952DDBAC766CA41728D6BB">P. Diaz</collectorName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<specimenCode id="665735B9214A37BDF502BC91C919628B">
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ERJAI" xlink_title="Texas State University Aquifer Biodiversity Collection">ABC</abbrev>
|
||||
-000882
|
||||
</specimenCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
; •
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="71BBB3D69426B24B699AE9118E377BE3" collectingDate="2016-08-01" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="P. Diaz" country="United States of America" county="Val Verde County" latitude="29.8858" location="Dolan Drift # 383" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-100.9933" municipality="Finegan 105" specimenCode="USNM 1571310" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Texas">
|
||||
<location id="44EE3F3CF118BB209B4E480959E5023C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1A1A6EBD9EEC5871823E68F0B14A8958:44EE3F3CF118BB209B4E480959E5023C" country="United States of America" latitude="29.8858" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-100.9933" name="Dolan Drift # 383" stateProvince="Texas">Dolan Drift # 383</location>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EYJAI" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-100.993300,29.885800]}">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="C3215FC3A276FD8A24017EE4618C6042" degrees="29.8858" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="29.8858">29.8858</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="A4788C9775BC39EBF82FAEA15E212382" degrees="100.9933" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-100.9933">- 100.9933</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<date id="1B6C0E6901197D92FAA11868CA3BD0A8" value="2016-08-01">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="DD82CE798D7B93A90DE6D9473094B48F" value="2016-08-01">1 August 2016</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="A4356F0A4634F189335E076DCB093410">P. Diaz</collectorName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<specimenCode id="7D6953B022F06C4062302D7CC55C6AB0" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">
|
||||
<named-content id="8FAC826E8D8CC37BF9C9C93F6BB85BEB" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/smithsonian-institution-national-museum-natural-history-0" xlink_title="United States National Museum, Smithsonian Institution">USNM</named-content>
|
||||
1571310
|
||||
</specimenCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
; •
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="1C726805E311E29408B318E75690BCF9" collectingDate="2020-12-06" collectionCode="ABC" collectorName="B. Schwartz" country="United States of America" county="Val Verde County" latitude="29.36887" location="San Felipe Creek" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-100.88388" municipality="Finegan 105" specimenCode="ABC-000879" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Texas">
|
||||
<location id="197FE8878751C5057BB2A4A657100EE0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1A1A6EBD9EEC5871823E68F0B14A8958:197FE8878751C5057BB2A4A657100EE0" country="United States of America" latitude="29.36887" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-100.88388" name="San Felipe Creek" stateProvince="Texas">San Felipe Creek</location>
|
||||
. SW 3 - HZ 1, (
|
||||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EEKAI" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-100.883880,29.368870]}">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="BE8268C931AFF89CB83CAAD79B1F9673" degrees="29.36887" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="29.36887">29.36887</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="0147F509F72BE1E9B13C1C65FDC5EA6F" degrees="100.88388" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-100.88388">- 100.88388</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<date id="27ADC416874AE6EB8F9E81D9D09A3D28" value="2020-12-06">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="B21F3C272B95E237FB5421F2C3B7A6B3" value="2020-12-06">6 December 2020</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="1B953698FC0C769C210128C8077F1A2F">B. Schwartz</collectorName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<specimenCode id="AA781557F268A37A3A318A65EF1436CA">
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EJKAI" xlink_title="Texas State University Aquifer Biodiversity Collection">ABC</abbrev>
|
||||
-000879
|
||||
</specimenCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
; •
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="0902F4BE469D3B04DF8256D1E4A078CC" collectingDate="2020-06-12" collectionCode="R, ABC" collectorName="K. E. Perez & C. Ortega & R. Chastain" country="United States of America" county="Indian Springs" elevation="25" latitude="29.66385" location="Slaughter Bend, small spring 25 m W of Indian Springs" longLatPrecision="4" longitude="-100.9275" municipality="Lake Amistad National Recreation Area" specimenCode="ABC-000878" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Texas">
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="8A7988206D086C4D5366F07E9E916EBD">Lake Amistad National Recreation Area</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location id="A7896B48297662BE036AB334EEC02744" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1A1A6EBD9EEC5871823E68F0B14A8958:A7896B48297662BE036AB334EEC02744" country="United States of America" county="Indian Springs" latitude="29.66385" longLatPrecision="4" longitude="-100.9275" municipality="Lake Amistad National Recreation Area" name="Slaughter Bend, small spring 25 m W of Indian Springs" stateProvince="Texas">
|
||||
Slaughter Bend, small spring
|
||||
<quantity id="ADAFB19DD54878C4D3878EC39F079D73" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</quantity>
|
||||
W of Indian Springs
|
||||
</location>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EQKAI" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-100.927500,29.663850]}">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="1BDC49CCA7F7C36BE6363BAD5239C03C" degrees="29.66385" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="29.66385">29.66385</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="FEB7B8C86BF8EE37361E3E0CEE62E576" degrees="100.9275" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-100.9275">- 100.9275</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<date id="08CD39B63C83625854C3263D14D1FE3E" value="2020-06-12">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="472C71CAE611E9DD37E10A2BC04B87C5" value="2020-06-12">12 / 6 / 2020</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="811666AB1D32A222B34DD222D82E284E">K. E. Perez</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="8267012601509E099F670881716102B3">C. Ortega</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="48D10223E0D9DA9C5933FF60C2077C36">R. Chastain</collectorName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<specimenCode id="5ADBFC96307C19C3931C3B6FF57BA8D9">
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EVKAI" xlink_title="Texas State University Aquifer Biodiversity Collection">ABC</abbrev>
|
||||
-000878
|
||||
</specimenCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
; •
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="9898C98988B4144ED8DF7FA89D3EF27A" collectingDate="2020-06-12" collectionCode="R" collectorName="K. E. Perez & C. Ortega & R. Chastain" country="United States of America" county="Indian Springs" elevation="25" latitude="29.6582" location="Indian Springs Canyon Springs" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-100.91765" municipality="Lake Amistad National Recreation Area" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Texas">
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="227A8B7399D003EEF07531E351BBA5CE">Lake Amistad National Recreation Area</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<location id="920D0978034C5D69923ECED3CB2C2E35" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1A1A6EBD9EEC5871823E68F0B14A8958:920D0978034C5D69923ECED3CB2C2E35" country="United States of America" latitude="29.6582" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-100.91765" municipality="Lake Amistad National Recreation Area" name="Indian Springs Canyon Springs" stateProvince="Texas">Indian Springs Canyon Springs</location>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0E3KAI" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-100.917650,29.658200]}">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="6726AB629E20965DB3B8603EE3B900A0" degrees="29.6582" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="29.6582">29.6582</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="8F334D1EDEF52688A822866AC7D9F505" degrees="100.91765" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-100.91765">- 100.91765</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<collectorName id="C2585763E4C984DA4194C9D73C175E21">K. E. Perez</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="FB455AA464FE4439ECF1219B6165BB34">C. Ortega</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="1D15A20A02A357FC15AB98F282DFD1B0">R. Chastain</collectorName>
|
||||
(no specimens remaining)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
; •
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="DF3EDA1F256008A7F9BC0A118C75D382" collectingDate="2020-06-12" collectionCode="ABC" collectorName="B. Schwartz" country="United States of America" county="Indian Springs" elevation="25" latitude="29.896318" location="Snake Spring" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-100.98122" specimenCode="ABC-000883" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Texas">
|
||||
<location id="A6F7CCF7A74995F00AB55BF573E71817" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1A1A6EBD9EEC5871823E68F0B14A8958:A6F7CCF7A74995F00AB55BF573E71817" country="United States of America" latitude="29.896318" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-100.98122" name="Snake Spring" stateProvince="Texas">Snake Spring</location>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EELAI" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-100.981214,29.896319]}">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="370B828AACAC1EB916F34E7C37524070" degrees="29.896319" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="29.896318">29.896319</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="6C08EF8C245285D62AC608AF937585FD" degrees="100.981214" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-100.98122">- 100.981214</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<collectorName id="97C93818AB15A5749871BD11A24BC128">B. Schwartz</collectorName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<specimenCode id="60E3FD027823D7964B634AF045AE97DC">
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EJLAI" xlink_title="Texas State University Aquifer Biodiversity Collection">ABC</abbrev>
|
||||
-000883
|
||||
</specimenCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
; •
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="EF36A41FE500E2755395A8D055F4CB2E" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="B. Schwartz" country="United States of America" latitude="29.8938" location="Finegan Springs, Devils River" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-100.99456" municipality="Blue Hole" specimenCode="USNM 1571309" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Texas">
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="F7CCFC95EBE9CD8570FAAD1C9BF6465C">Blue Hole</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location id="D5A37615C63DD0A2CB77CF241CA827A4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1A1A6EBD9EEC5871823E68F0B14A8958:D5A37615C63DD0A2CB77CF241CA827A4" country="United States of America" latitude="29.8938" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-100.99456" municipality="Blue Hole" name="Finegan Springs, Devils River" stateProvince="Texas">Finegan Springs, Devils River</location>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EQLAI" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-100.994560,29.893800]}">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="A3649EDA032CEFBCF9598A66C2524150" degrees="29.8938" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="29.8938">29.8938</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="1F9D7FBC9F016057987860542C393C7C" degrees="100.99456" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-100.99456">- 100.99456</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<collectorName id="8BFC0001657DA70B4B8A69C042E0EE76">B. Schwartz</collectorName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<specimenCode id="62E28822A3FBA9834985B1EA3F245815" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">
|
||||
<named-content id="4D25F58817E39F28FE23BF2C132A05CF" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/smithsonian-institution-national-museum-natural-history-0" xlink_title="United States National Museum, Smithsonian Institution">USNM</named-content>
|
||||
1571309
|
||||
</specimenCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
; •
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="E122A4E5130BE2DE89371A44623BB6A9" collectingDate="2020-12-06" collectionCode="ABC" collectorName="B. Schwartz" country="United States of America" latitude="29.66349" location="Indian Springs" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-100.95492" specimenCode="ABC-000876" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Texas">
|
||||
<location id="72594EA56DA353B99A2AC8FB7C1A13A4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1A1A6EBD9EEC5871823E68F0B14A8958:72594EA56DA353B99A2AC8FB7C1A13A4" country="United States of America" latitude="29.66349" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-100.95492" municipality="Big Satan Canyon" name="Indian Springs" stateProvince="Texas">Indian Springs</location>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0E3LAI" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-100.927500,29.663830]}">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="519E1311B151E5111EDB7B24A6F1CA43" degrees="29.66383" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="29.66383">29.66383</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="D278246463B79BBC69F5F4CE79485BC2" degrees="100.9275" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-100.9275">- 100.9275</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<date id="705290DB11C11D4A4209AFE342DAC536" value="2020-12-06">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="A4791FB00D519E167E753AF6074B7FCC" value="2020-12-06">6 December 2020</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="C18A8EE6A5E190C40C1A5C9F7F479729" collectingDate="2020-12-08" collectionCode="ABC" collectorName="B. Schwartz" country="United States of America" latitude="29.66349" location="Big Satan Canyon" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-100.95492" specimenCode="ABC-000876" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Texas">
|
||||
<location id="3240B47514BE0BFD22B0655A653D35D2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1A1A6EBD9EEC5871823E68F0B14A8958:3240B47514BE0BFD22B0655A653D35D2" country="United States of America" latitude="29.66349" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-100.95492" municipality="Big Satan Canyon" name="Big Satan Canyon" stateProvince="Texas">Big Satan Canyon</location>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EEMAI" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-100.954920,29.663490]}">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="0402DF321BD6ABD1F182A221F05B0E3E" degrees="29.66349" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="29.66349">29.66349</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="922D701021899729101C1226B504CDF0" degrees="100.95492" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-100.95492">- 100.95492</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<date id="2C7F50DC147DA403F01B77FAE5F8BAB8" value="2020-12-08">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="0FA127E417CF7BE7CC1A18AE3F604489" value="2020-12-08">8 December 2020</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="2D974922AA549C49D74A1818530C017F">B. Schwartz</collectorName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<specimenCode id="44CABBC6877228DF7FEE9063E9571F29">
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EJMAI" xlink_title="Texas State University Aquifer Biodiversity Collection">ABC</abbrev>
|
||||
-000876
|
||||
</specimenCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
; •
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="A7A37D952FCB8EAB37A7C1C3C68E5E7D" collectingDate="2020-12-08" collectingDateMax="2020-12-08" collectingDateMin="2020-12-06" collectionCode="ABC" collectorName="B. Schwartz" country="United States of America" latitude="29.6635" location="Big Satan Canyon Spring" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-100.95452" specimenCode="ABC-000880" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Texas">
|
||||
<location id="28956B6F05960AF7EA7D71678DE5E30B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1A1A6EBD9EEC5871823E68F0B14A8958:28956B6F05960AF7EA7D71678DE5E30B" country="United States of America" latitude="29.6635" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-100.95452" name="Big Satan Canyon Spring" stateProvince="Texas">Big Satan Canyon Spring</location>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EQMAI" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-100.954520,29.663500]}">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="A45AEFABAB6BDD917B5A322D2DE2049A" degrees="29.6635" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="29.6635">29.6635</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="5151BC3EFF0D9DCB1A9FD81ADE0EAA91" degrees="100.95452" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-100.95452">- 100.95452</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<date id="0D68D95FEC275D8C54E35A6D4B5C191B" value="2020-12-08">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="422440915D929D1961B7D8FFF3CC6649" value="2020-12-08">8 December 2020</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="1460EC4FCCF453F857663A0E4D5211BE">B. Schwartz</collectorName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<specimenCode id="EB99285616EFB88B1AA396BC0E8F6039">
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EVMAI" xlink_title="Texas State University Aquifer Biodiversity Collection">ABC</abbrev>
|
||||
-000880
|
||||
</specimenCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
; •
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="DB048740F34A8A39D27307C125858B8B" collectingDate="2020-12-08" collectingDateMax="2020-12-08" collectingDateMin="2020-12-06" collectionCode="R, ABC" collectorName="J. Gordon & M. Turner & R. Hoffman" country="United States of America" latitude="29.6402" location="Boiling Trough Spring" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-100.92647" specimenCode="ABC-000917" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Texas">
|
||||
<location id="9B2ACDE4B31FB8F7B9D9B81045490391" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1A1A6EBD9EEC5871823E68F0B14A8958:9B2ACDE4B31FB8F7B9D9B81045490391" country="United States of America" latitude="29.6402" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-100.92647" name="Boiling Trough Spring" stateProvince="Texas">Boiling Trough Spring</location>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0E3MAI" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-100.926470,29.640200]}">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="FE38C16EB10B81169825DD3338D17055" degrees="29.6402" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="29.6402">29.6402</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="648FDFC4D4572A38D96EE8710F353890" degrees="100.92647" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-100.92647">- 100.92647</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<collectorName id="D23F72FCC640485D60A89D5E118324E6">J. Gordon</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="93741BC7D4C2C34816F5E45DCE0714DE">M. Turner</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="430A5D497221726D61F08637C3D46854">R. Hoffman</collectorName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<specimenCode id="70AA40766FCB94C23D3FC1BD476124C5">
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EBNAI" xlink_title="Texas State University Aquifer Biodiversity Collection">ABC</abbrev>
|
||||
-000917
|
||||
</specimenCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EFNAI" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="089DE69B4419B045DD929D69C0AD1376">
|
||||
<heading id="C4A2FC3D65A92FAFE8C8D1D955D885C6" reason="title">Description.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="374EE58EE7D14AF538942739D41BEBDA">
|
||||
Slender, elongate shell comprised of 4 ½ - 5 ½ convex whorls. Sutures deeply impressed. Average size of
|
||||
<quantity id="BE14A0CB21659EA394FB2365FC1F9B75" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
|
||||
in height, and
|
||||
<quantity id="EB76A884D87CF7105A05EF012E050160" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" unit="mm" value="0.82">0.82 mm</quantity>
|
||||
in diameter. Protoconch strongly wrinkled followed by variable teleoconch sculpture with some individuals smooth and others heavily striated. Aperture ovate, measuring an average of
|
||||
<quantity id="D79CD54970DFDFD33EE451AAD636BC0D" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.50 mm</quantity>
|
||||
in height, and
|
||||
<quantity id="61FBFA30DEE4C5484C60E99FB19C1E21" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.40 mm</quantity>
|
||||
in width. Umbilicus small. Peristome thin, and slightly reflected in adults (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="78476EADD1A4149126710EBD4E7F0CFC" author="Thompson and Hershler" firstAuthor="Thompson" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pagination="669-683" refId="B49" refString="Thompson FG, Hershler R (1991) New hydrobiid snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Prosobranchia: Truncatelloidea) from North America. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 104: 669–683." title="New hydrobiid snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Prosobranchia: Truncatelloidea) from North America." volume="104" year="1991">Thompson and Hershler 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EPNAI" type="Taxonomic remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8001ABDE00BB820FC5864606FA096141">
|
||||
<heading id="1F31FBA0F89E5A36C29B50B231C5D100" reason="title">Taxonomic remarks.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2A508E9342F01894695B01FE5EC6D446">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="83E289DCCFB0ED40599832068053B3BB" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Tryonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="diaboli">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7B459E66204205927CBB1D02E47121FC" italics="true">Tryonia diaboli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(originally
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5EA640411F28DEA6735AE94001F701CE" authorityName="Pilsbry & Ferris" authorityYear="1906" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Paludestrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="diaboli">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FD87E726D828BA993F4C96ACDF423847" italics="true">Paludestrina diaboli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) was described from drift debris of the Devils River, “ about four miles from its mouth ”, and from “ the Rio San Felipe near Del Rio ”, now called San Felipe Springs. The habitat was unknown, as the types were dry, bleached shells deposited by flowing water. This region has a rich freshwater fauna of both surface and aquifer snails; however, it was uncertain from which habitat this species originated.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="431BB66AE1F85E25E5ABBC75AEC30BC6" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Tryonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="diaboli">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C479ADC5A096B985E9EC473E32F3352F" italics="true">Tryonia diaboli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was described from shell anatomy, not internal morphology. The shell is described as small,
|
||||
<quantity id="E3AB241009D5716FBE6C4480707227C3" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
|
||||
length,
|
||||
<quantity id="EC4ACFF4667C161A089D1584C9117D1A" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" unit="mm" value="0.62">0.62 mm</quantity>
|
||||
diameter, very slender, and turrite (tower shaped), with 4.5 very convex whorls with deep sutures and a smooth surface (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="AB029F4CDBCAE5BAF0850FFF6527B83F" author="Pilsbry and Ferriss" firstAuthor="Pilsbry" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pagination="123-175" refId="B39" refString="Pilsbry HA, Ferriss JH (1906) Mollusca of the Southwestern States, II (Plates V – IX). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 58: 123–175. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4063087" title="Mollusca of the Southwestern States, II (Plates V - IX)." url="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4063087" volume="58" year="1906">Pilsbry and Ferriss 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The description and illustration (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BDF9995AAA127CD5061F5D2CB2CDA4AE" author="Pilsbry and Ferriss" firstAuthor="Pilsbry" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pagination="123-175" refId="B39" refString="Pilsbry HA, Ferriss JH (1906) Mollusca of the Southwestern States, II (Plates V – IX). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 58: 123–175. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4063087" title="Mollusca of the Southwestern States, II (Plates V - IX)." url="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4063087" volume="58" year="1906">Pilsbry and Ferriss 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, pp. 170, fig. 36) depict a smooth shell. However, scanning electron microscope images of a
|
||||
<typeStatus id="BB141D414669FB26C6DE105A80315FAE" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0D2A760BFBF4400B9374818E424C834F" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. SEM of shells A shells of Stygopyrgus variabilis sp. nov., Las Palmas 5, Lower Canyons of the Rio Grande, Brewster Co., TX. ANSP 506748 B Las Palmas 1, Lower Canyons of the Rio Grande, Brewster Co., TX C shell of Stygopyrgus gracilis sp. nov., Fresno Creek, Fresno Canyon, Presidio County, TX. ANSP 506744 D Texapyrgus diaboli, comb. nov., lectotype of Tryonia diaboli, ANSP 91726, Drift of Devils River, Val Verde County, TX E Big Satan Canyon, Devils River, Val Verde County, TX F Phreatodrobia embossa sp. nov., Caroline Springs, Terrell County, TX. ANSP 506746. Scale bars: 500 µm (A – C, F); 300 µm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1242126">4 D</figureCitation>
|
||||
, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,
|
||||
<named-content id="DA7D04BBB1360F68B73B7DD7F19CE51B" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/academy-natural-sciences-philadelphia" xlink_title="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia at Drexler University">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="70A79443D8388DB4996B7ED950FD7D34" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" type="">ANSP</collectionCode>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
91726), which appears to be the shell illustrated in the original description, show a crosshatched pattern of longitudinal and spiral sculpture, similar to the sculpture of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9B6860A8FB5CF173AA377552BF3BC340" authorityName="Thompson & Hershler" authorityYear="1991" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Texapyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="longleyi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F15714AC4681BF8E0FED7295E7EB3387" italics="true">Texapyrgus longleyi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FD7B9BB5DA76A54A1B84DA1394EFB3BC">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0A84FB8ED605DC848F58AC73B069351D" authority="Thompson & Hershler, 1991" authorityName="Thompson & Hershler" authorityYear="1991" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Texapyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="longleyi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4E4990FDE9C4DBDA61AF80A9577EFEFA" italics="true">Texapyrgus longleyi</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1BB7C03B2EFF3E6E34570AE72C7DDB98" author="Thompson FG & Hershler R" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pagination="669-683" refId="B49" refString="Thompson FG, Hershler R (1991) New hydrobiid snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Prosobranchia: Truncatelloidea) from North America. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 104: 669-683." title="New hydrobiid snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Prosobranchia: Truncatelloidea) from North America." volume="104" year="1991">Thompson & Hershler, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was collected from a spring on the Devils River just downstream from Slaughter Bend (
|
||||
<named-content id="3A4E59E9A918C89584EDC9354A7BE0B7" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/smithsonian-institution-national-museum-natural-history-0" xlink_title="United States National Museum, Smithsonian Institution">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="112C08AD41660D044EFDA29FE12406E9" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
860551). The species was collected using a net over a spring opening. That habitat and the small size and unpigmented body indicated that the species is subterranean. The shell of
|
||||
<emphasis id="4DD7A9F5BF340B5291E338761049C1C3" italics="true">
|
||||
Te.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E45402D4E65E88F83904EDAB4AF8C4E4" authorityName="Thompson & Hershler" authorityYear="1991" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Texapyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="longleyi">longleyi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
was
|
||||
<quantity id="E0EF9C59781C01B813E251E29B0A8E7C" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.4" unit="mm" value="1.6" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.4">1.4–1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||||
, thin and translucent with prominent spiral lines, crossed by strong longitudinal striae. The shell was described as having deep sutures, small umbilicus, aperture lip complete and touching body whorl at the top. The name includes the word “
|
||||
<emphasis id="1D319E4BEF60B3E626356EB2FE29D217" italics="true">pyrgus</emphasis>
|
||||
” indicating the turrite or tower shape of the shell. The description of
|
||||
<emphasis id="59DB51B5D1638E9C6E81E8CDAAB7FEC6" italics="true">
|
||||
Te.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="29248C79789B7B103713105616448227" authorityName="Thompson & Hershler" authorityYear="1991" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Texapyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="longleyi">longleyi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
is more extensive but closely resembles in many features the description and type of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="48A15062E524CD82B7A238BE16B5DF0E" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Tryonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="diaboli">
|
||||
<emphasis id="22BE1F987CE63895DC19A3AB2D5D1AD8" italics="true">T. diaboli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="77EE1567B5B6BF2B1B39187B6C26221B">
|
||||
Due to the obscurity of the original description, it appears likely that Thompson and Hershler were unaware of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6C75FA51A552F6F7BD78D48BBDD79053" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Tryonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="diaboli">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6F7714172EEE835F1F349F5857F3DB49" italics="true">T. diaboli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. They do not mention
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9AE03111A051CCD4A0258AB2B832B28D" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Tryonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="diaboli">
|
||||
<emphasis id="541E6120967B0AF0896C8A10199D2CAE" italics="true">T. diaboli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, also from the Devils River, in their description of
|
||||
<emphasis id="950DD204471ABAF36E5ACAEFD4D227FD" italics="true">
|
||||
Te.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B58201EB9F3585963CE60038166900D3" authorityName="Thompson & Hershler" authorityYear="1991" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Texapyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="longleyi">longleyi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
. The original description, and a mention in a list of the type specimens in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia are the only mention of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="974FF2F7826B4182D9ED59E8E273D6EF" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Tryonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="diaboli">
|
||||
<emphasis id="00FB49F6A7B4E1C88FD3DE22CB714C7D" italics="true">T. diaboli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the scientific literature for more than 100 years. To further support our supposition that Hershler was unaware of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B2E81D2180AFEC77F100A94281BAA094" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Tryonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="diaboli">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D95584AF40125B3FFFF4C5C63C224E65" italics="true">T. diaboli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, in a review of all species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B55A4DA76A2757A68842E0992422F57C" authorityName="W. Stimpson" authorityYear="1865" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Tryonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2D2E9004A4010DAE815B2BEAED4F893C" italics="true">Tryonia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
of North America (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="3337F195B7924B99D8D3CF9B6B377EC1" DOI="10.5479/si.00810282.612" author="Hershler" firstAuthor="Hershler" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pagination="1-53" refId="B21" refString="Hershler R (2001) Systematics of the North and Central American aquatic snail genus Tryonia (Rissooidea: Hydrobiidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 612: 1–53. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.612" title="Systematics of the North and Central American aquatic snail genus Tryonia (Rissooidea: Hydrobiidae)." volume="612" year="2001">Hershler 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), Hershler does not mention
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D477D0D4D53A56A1D93F68CB06BCF64C" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Tryonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="diaboli">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A50508FFA69E7E24AE80B9D3FDA80344" italics="true">T. diaboli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The species was not mentioned again in the scientific literature until it was included in a list of North American freshwater snails (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BFEDC2CAF7FAE19D1F7B0FA006C2070F" DOI="10.1080/03632415.2013.785396" author="Johnson" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Johnson" journalOrPublisher="Fisheries" pagination="247-282" refId="B31" refString="Johnson PD, Bogan AE, Brown KM, Burkhead NM, Cordeiro JR, Garner JT, Hartfield PD, Lepitzki DAW, Mackie GL, Pip E, Tarpley TA, Tiemann JS, Whelan NV, Strong EE (2013) Conservation status of freshwater gastropods of Canada and the United States. Fisheries 38: 247–282. https://doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2013.785396" title="Conservation status of freshwater gastropods of Canada and the United States." volume="38" year="2013">Johnson et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) and was reported in both above and below ground habitats in the Devils River (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="CAB902EDB42D1217861C48099CF3AE11" DOI="10.31931/fmbc.v22i2.2020" author="Diaz" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Diaz" journalOrPublisher="Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation" pagination="18-24" refId="B17" refString="Diaz PH, Alvear D, Perez KE (2020) Mesohabitat Associations of the Devil Tryonia, Tryonia diaboli (Gastropoda: Truncatelloidea: Cochliopidae). Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation 23: 18–24. https://doi.org/10.31931/fmbc.v22i2.2020" title="Mesohabitat Associations of the Devil Tryonia, Tryonia diaboli (Gastropoda: Truncatelloidea: Cochliopidae)." volume="23" year="2020">Diaz et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Since the “ rediscovery ” of this species name, the generic assignment of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2798F29BE7BDDDB2D904E333216F1CB4" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Tryonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="diaboli">
|
||||
<emphasis id="948C63B0C0B30D9DFABD58CD9E2ECDCF" italics="true">T. diaboli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has not been assessed. Due to the close geographical proximity of their collection localities and close similarities of shell features, we questioned whether
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ABD2702DB99309EB2019D615B97590AA" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Tryonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="diaboli">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D28C29F90031E147DBF48A47E99D3BC6" italics="true">T. diaboli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis id="00DB1DBF40748DD4816A87A28E767581" italics="true">
|
||||
Te.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8F79A430154CE4894C59B60099973374" authorityName="Thompson & Hershler" authorityYear="1991" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Texapyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="longleyi">longleyi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
are distinct species. We conducted DNA sequencing of individuals with both “ morphological forms ” i. e. smooth vs highly sculptured. In addition, new sequences were included in an alignment with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="71C47360913671189480EEC44B24319D" authorityName="W. Stimpson" authorityYear="1865" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Tryonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3CB1EA38B8F1D43EB93C3E2A8BD8D313" italics="true">Tryonia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and species from across the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EA254B99F0A071E5461B32C369425BA4" authorityName="Tryon" authorityYear="1866" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Cochliopidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
to test the hypothesis that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CCB220C6C7D82F9FC32532FD75434B9E" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Tryonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="diaboli">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0B9F1AB09540E2C441A877C4AB112181" italics="true">T. diaboli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a member of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="11AE48223E77CB4019E3296DA6BA37F6" authorityName="W. Stimpson" authorityYear="1865" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Tryonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B2F5EFE170A9E2EBEBD64C78248F57F2" italics="true">Tryonia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
or, if not, to determine the best generic placement.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="0D773C8C6291DE36F161640477753AEC">
|
||||
We found that snails closely resembling the type material and descriptions of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7D71ACA1BB12BAC0704A763DFA915F2B" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Tryonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="diaboli">
|
||||
<emphasis id="78D286DE36BAB7C62437AFBE1E0C51BE" italics="true">T. diaboli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from springs of the Devils River are not closely related to members of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7B8DF4EBEB953737B3506338C16E285B" authorityName="W. Stimpson" authorityYear="1865" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Tryonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8C7E61865B61169C36FDA1577254591A" italics="true">Tryonia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Figs
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1D2A723B0FD11E2016A31BB9EB6ABFD0" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Clade Credibility tree resulting from Bayesian analysis of COI alignment. Posterior probability values < 0.50 indicated with dashed gray branches, 0.50–0.94 indicated with gray branches, and 1.0–0.95 are indicated with black branches. Terminals are labeled with a sample ID and sampling locality. Some nodes collapsed for non-target taxa for readability of the figure. Type localities are indicated with an *. Scale bars: substitutions per site." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1242124">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="14A97B86B8E5902D2B94940C05ACE36C" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum Clade Credibility tree resulting from Bayesian analysis of LSU and Combined alignment. Posterior probability values < 0.50 indicated with dashed gray branches, 0.50–0.94 indicated with gray branches, and 1.0–0.95 are indicated with black branches. Terminals are labeled with a sample ID and sampling locality. Type localities are indicated with an *. Scale bars: substitutions per site." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1242125">3</figureCitation>
|
||||
), meriting reassignment to a different genus. Further we find that snails resembling the type material of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C8763D896F5A49A12A945265131C6696" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Tryonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="diaboli">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DC4B856AE2575FD9A75BA82985EB9CC0" italics="true">T. diaboli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis id="C79BA27EED48BB98641171958B02E6C1" italics="true">
|
||||
Te.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="42A69C31290C676588AC235A61E593E5" authorityName="Thompson & Hershler" authorityYear="1991" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Texapyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="longleyi">longleyi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
from springs of the Devils River and San Felipe springs form a monophyletic group. The snails identified as each of these species, based on shell morphology, are not reciprocally monophyletic (Figs
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1FC9F47066BCE8CE4CEDAF44BD32DC03" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum Clade Credibility tree resulting from Bayesian analysis of COI alignment. Posterior probability values < 0.50 indicated with dashed gray branches, 0.50–0.94 indicated with gray branches, and 1.0–0.95 are indicated with black branches. Terminals are labeled with a sample ID and sampling locality. Some nodes collapsed for non-target taxa for readability of the figure. Type localities are indicated with an *. Scale bars: substitutions per site." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1242124">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A2331DBDBDC555FDD6C3360AC216299D" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum Clade Credibility tree resulting from Bayesian analysis of LSU and Combined alignment. Posterior probability values < 0.50 indicated with dashed gray branches, 0.50–0.94 indicated with gray branches, and 1.0–0.95 are indicated with black branches. Terminals are labeled with a sample ID and sampling locality. Type localities are indicated with an *. Scale bars: substitutions per site." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1242125">3</figureCitation>
|
||||
). There is some divergence (9.8 %) between the populations found in springs near the Devils River and those sampled from San Felipe Springs. This could be an artifact of sequencing a limited number of individuals and the geographical gap in samples between these populations. There are some morphological differences to support further distinguishing those populations. We have considered whether populations in the Devils River and San Felipe drainages should be considered as distinct species, and while the data do not preclude the possibility, we take the more conservative approach of preserving these populations as a single species, acknowledging that additional evidence may call for further revision in the future. The average intraspecific divergence in
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EVXAI" xlink_title="cytochrome c oxidase subunit I">COI</abbrev>
|
||||
in this clade is 4.6 %, within the Devils River springs is 0.6 % and within the San Felipe Springs 1.0 %.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B1706BB52436A698DA78C46B814919CC">
|
||||
From these lines of evidence (monophyly in both nuclear and mitochondrial sequence data and similar morphologies), we conclude that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="374FDADD03122F5833DA9AA44905C855" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Tryonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="diaboli">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1A593505157D512FE87729238B976405" italics="true">T. diaboli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis id="741DEE7992FD4CF13EEAA79FBD61B049" italics="true">
|
||||
Te.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="862201C5F19417FBB2DAD7A7C3FD51AF" authorityName="Thompson & Hershler" authorityYear="1991" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Texapyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="longleyi">longleyi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
are synonymous and cannot remain assigned to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A433C31B1B5DFB6FA2B62C2361BE8626" authorityName="W. Stimpson" authorityYear="1865" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Tryonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="608707905433DAE6771F6FE0AB274F98" italics="true">Tryonia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The original genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C0DDC09B71F272649295A9CC9B8C928A" authority="d'Orbigny, 1840" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1840" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Paludestrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="231B175BA2AD6E006697C89FBE884042" italics="true">Paludestrina</emphasis>
|
||||
d’Orbigny, 1840
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is unavailable (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="57887BEA183D1D985B19EE2DAE52368F" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature" pagination="220-221" refId="B30" refString="ICZN (2008) Opinion 2202: Eatoniella Dall, 1876 and Eatoniellidae Ponder, 1965 (Mollusca, Gastropoda): conserved. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 65: 220–221." title="Opinion 2202: Eatoniella Dall, 1876 and Eatoniellidae Ponder, 1965 (Mollusca, Gastropoda): conserved." volume="65" year="2008">ICZN 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). That being the case, it would be most appropriate to refer to this species as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="27B3EDC0797BE4DB932416EA419785B4" authority="(Pilsbry & Ferris, 1906)" authorityName="Perez & Saenz & Guerrero & Gonzalez & Guerrero & Diaz & Hutchins & Schwartz" authorityYear="2025" baseAuthorityName="Pilsbry & Ferris" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Texapyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="diaboli">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5BB065A54B302D2A1E3397EFEF543F6C" italics="true">Texapyrgus diaboli</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="70AE3E25A6B6FE1724CEC79EF40821A8" author="Pilsbry HA & Ferris JH" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pagination="123-175" refId="B38" refString="Pilsbry HA, Ferris JH (1906) Mollusca of the Southwestern States, II (Plates V - IX). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 58: 123-175." title="Mollusca of the Southwestern States, II (Plates V - IX)." volume="58" year="1906">Pilsbry & Ferris, 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D38D10DF820B28B0A25321C1A98B3C7C" authorityName="Thompson & Hershler" authorityYear="1991" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Texapyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="longleyi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67D7B510A027650169D7B23A03460A23" italics="true">Texapyrgus longleyi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
a junior synonym.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EZZAI" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="CF1BE03523E0964722F348A7CA9DCD9E">
|
||||
<heading id="27159E6BC8163B53E68F1F4E15C6C332" reason="title">Ecology and habitat.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2328E4F4D699FAD6361C1D6D8B412786">
|
||||
The springs along the Devils River where we collected
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7751ADD7496613764BA045557F8DE21B" authorityName="Perez & Saenz & Guerrero & Gonzalez & Guerrero & Diaz & Hutchins & Schwartz" authorityYear="2025" baseAuthorityName="Pilsbry & Ferris" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Texapyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="diaboli">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E6CB2E7EF49F95E5D055B7C7B0963F71" italics="true">Texapyrgus diaboli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, are all from the karstic Edwards-Trinity Aquifer (Georgetown Limestone) and form most of the flow for the Devils River (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F939A884A71700677E7372FB94111724" author="Toll" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Toll" journalOrPublisher="Earth Science Section Space Science Division, Southwest Research Institute" refId="B50" refString="Toll N, Fratesi SB, Green RT, Bertetti FP, Nunu R (2017) Water-Resource Management of the Devils River Watershed Final Report. Earth Science Section Space Science Division, Southwest Research Institute, 53 pp. https://www.twdb.texas.gov/groundwater/special_projects/valverde/docs/Water%20Resource%20Management%20of%20the%20Devils%20River%20Watershed, % 20 Final % 20 Report. pdf" title="Water-Resource Management of the Devils River Watershed Final Report." url="https://www.twdb.texas.gov/groundwater/special_projects/valverde/docs/Water%20Resource%20Management%20of%20the%20Devils%20River%20Watershed, % 20 Final % 20 Report. pdf" year="2017">Toll et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A806E8B3BB7F569159D30265EE9DBC8C" refId="B48" refString="Texas Water Development Board (2018) Overview of Groundwater Conditions in Val Verde County, Texas. Texas Water Development Board, 227 pp. https://www.twdb.texas.gov/groundwater/special_projects/valverde/docs/Groundwater-Resources-of-Val-Verde-County-86th-legislature.pdf" url="https://www.twdb.texas.gov/groundwater/special_projects/valverde/docs/Groundwater-Resources-of-Val-Verde-County-86th-legislature.pdf" year="2018">
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="A2FAAEADAF110547AABAE2D74727FE90" country="United States of America" name="Texas">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||||
Water Development Board 2018
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The Devils River, a groundwater-dependent river, is fed by numerous springs and drains a large portion of the southwestern Edwards Plateau to the Rio Grande River. One population of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="311DDFA01A12EFBF2DDE6CBB31F9E939" authorityName="Perez & Saenz & Guerrero & Gonzalez & Guerrero & Diaz & Hutchins & Schwartz" authorityYear="2025" baseAuthorityName="Pilsbry & Ferris" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Texapyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="diaboli">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E1B8CDBC126651FF87AF520574FEF1F9" italics="true">Texapyrgus diaboli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was found in San Felipe Springs, which are among the largest in
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="BA425438417F7B4420C65452F596D307" country="United States of America" name="Texas">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||||
with an average discharge of 3473 L / s (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9C29181C8022EBC49B16B5CCD6B6F661" author="Hutchison" firstAuthor="Hutchison" refId="B29" refString="Hutchison WR (2021) GMA 7 Explanatory Report – Draft 1 Edward-Trinity (Plateau), Pecos Valley and Trinity Aquifers Groundwater Management Area 7, 105 pp. https://www.twdb.texas.gov/groundwater/dfc/docs/2021/GMA7_DFCExpRep_Pecos-ETP_2021.pdf" url="https://www.twdb.texas.gov/groundwater/dfc/docs/2021/GMA7_DFCExpRep_Pecos-ETP_2021.pdf" year="2021">Hutchison 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The springs discharge from Cretaceous Salmon Peak Limestone (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D01C17154DE4443059359645AF1B423D" author="Barnes" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Barnes" refId="B9" refString="Barnes VE, Hartmann B, Scranton DF (1992) Geologic map of Texas. Bureau of Economic Geology, University of Texas, Austin, TX." year="1992">Barnes et al. 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="192770B5D9ADD998F91ABFFDCC2D1989" authorityName="Perez & Saenz & Guerrero & Gonzalez & Guerrero & Diaz & Hutchins & Schwartz" authorityYear="2025" baseAuthorityName="Pilsbry & Ferris" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Texapyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="diaboli">
|
||||
<emphasis id="901FF991DDC7A8D2509073E4FDE26D1C" italics="true">Texapyrgus diaboli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was found in drift net and hyporheic samples with water chemistry values ranging from 15.06–23.28 ° C, pH 6.49–7.4, conductivity of 366.3–608.8 μS / cm, and dissolved oxygen of
|
||||
<quantity id="F1DD1BD184906C25E707DAC023A5F674" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.4" metricValueMax="8.47" metricValueMin="4.33" unit="mg" value="6.4" valueMax="8.47" valueMin="4.33">4.33–8.47 mg</quantity>
|
||||
/ L.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2BD32056D85030627BC4884A7AA52AB5">
|
||||
The springs and hyporheic zone of the Devils River and San Felipe Springs watershed support high invertebrate diversity, especially stygobiotic taxa. The groundwater obligate taxa that have been documented at the Devils River Springs of Blue Hole and Finegan Springs are:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C0D316AAF2FB957F9A5D1391C0EA077D" authority="Holsinger, 1980" authorityName="Holsinger" authorityYear="1980" class="Malacostraca" family="Artesiidae" genus="Artesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subterranea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="43B15140F43061900A396597011B4348" italics="true">Artesia subterranea</emphasis>
|
||||
Holsinger, 1980
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B239A3B026B81F1D335C4330E8FDD4E2" authority="Kulkoyluoglu, Gibson, Diaz & Colin, 2011" authorityName="Kulkoyluoglu, Gibson, Diaz & Colin" authorityYear="2011" class="Ostracoda" genus="Bicornucandona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fineganensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6D236DF96C58C8AE330E1DA631FE268B" italics="true">Bicornucandona fineganensis</emphasis>
|
||||
Külköylüoğlu, Gibson, Diaz & Colin, 2011
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A63804E2E5E0D0E3D9F07A751E7C90B9" authority="Benedict, 1896" authorityName="Benedict" authorityYear="1896" class="Malacostraca" family="Cirolanidae" genus="Cirolanides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9DB883666E1A3DDDE0E3115D96796E2A" italics="true">Cirolanides texensis</emphasis>
|
||||
Benedict, 1896
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="78771CD047795CC820A5C85B59165096" authority="Camacho, Hutchins, Schwartz, Dorda, Casado & Rey, 2017" authorityName="Camacho, Hutchins, Schwartz, Dorda, Casado & Rey" authorityYear="2017" class="Malacostraca" family="Bathynellidae" genus="Hobbsinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bathynellacea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="edwardensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F55C850BB18AFBCB694F7F9500D9C441" italics="true">Hobbsinella edwardensis</emphasis>
|
||||
Camacho, Hutchins, Schwartz, Dorda, Casado & Rey, 2017
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B39559969345EF57356E7689CE785346" class="Malacostraca" family="Ingolfiellidae" genus="Ingolfiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E9FE3D5B2057E765E097AD65224B53D3" italics="true">Ingolfiella</emphasis>
|
||||
sp.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A8B25C3C7AC4B0F103482C7A60ADBB73" authority="(Steeves, 1968)" baseAuthorityName="Steeves" baseAuthorityYear="1968" class="Malacostraca" family="Asellidae" genus="Lirceolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bisetus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3DA0EFBE042C557BDE4DF50F9238C838" italics="true">Lirceolus bisetus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Steeves, 1968)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AC168E166794A2C5499D4BDF168602F6" authority="Holsinger, 1980" authorityName="Holsinger" authorityYear="1980" class="Malacostraca" family="Parabogidiellidae" genus="Parabogidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5CE0531F0BCAF4D674CB878158F00B4" italics="true">Parabogidiella americana</emphasis>
|
||||
Holsinger, 1980
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="379BA08004A96D00A1384CED840C8D30" authority="(Holsinger, 1992)" baseAuthorityName="Holsinger" baseAuthorityYear="1992" class="Malacostraca" family="Hadziidae" genus="Paraholsingerius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smaragdinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BDE147C2E9C84A83FD1C20ADCE941C0A" italics="true">Paraholsingerius smaragdinus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Holsinger, 1992)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="692C40EAD7DACE739C547C774C59E979" authority="Holsinger, 1996" authorityName="Holsinger" authorityYear="1996" class="Malacostraca" family="Hadziidae" genus="Paramexiweckelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruffoi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FDD8DE043D1C17AE6D5E6C5E8889857E" italics="true">Paramexiweckelia ruffoi</emphasis>
|
||||
Holsinger, 1996
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D5050D3FF172EC830A4D0ADAC791FB40" authority="Hershler, 1987" authorityName="Hershler" authorityYear="1987" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coronae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="28E1BC0780349FAF669489F88E36B92F" italics="true">Phreatodrobia coronae</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BC9F112ACDE2AD55ACAF786F50A72246" DOI="10.5962/bhl.part.17409" author="Hershler R & Longley G" journalOrPublisher="Nautilus" pagination="133-139" refId="B26" refString="Hershler R, Longley G (1987) Phreatodrobia coronae, a new species of cavesnail from southwestern Texas. Nautilus 101: 133-139. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.17409" title="Phreatodrobia coronae, a new species of cavesnail from southwestern Texas." volume="101" year="1987">Hershler, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8CC386F91581A404919AF8B4AE028893" authority="Perez & Alvear, 2020" authorityName="Perez & Alvear" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="968E4BD4BFE0E4AB2C8029FF303D241A" italics="true">Phreatodrobia spica</emphasis>
|
||||
Perez & Alvear, 2020
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DDD20B42C408E5B7467776389033E082" authority="Holsinger, 1982" authorityName="Holsinger" authorityYear="1982" class="Malacostraca" family="Seborgiidae" genus="Seborgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hershleri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="56DA16CAB730BFFC16B7DF8861159FC6" italics="true">Seborgia hershleri</emphasis>
|
||||
Holsinger, 1982
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BD7002F6945EF1382AE80DE36D3ACE7D" authority="Bowman, 1992" authorityName="Bowman" authorityYear="1992" class="Malacostraca" family="Cirolanidae" genus="Speocirolana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hardeni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B1DFC04DAC667FC9597A2BCF3568E543" italics="true">Speocirolana hardeni</emphasis>
|
||||
Bowman, 1992
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0E3465CE5CB8C3DED6795C8771C64947" authority="(Holsinger, 1966)" baseAuthorityName="Holsinger" baseAuthorityYear="1966" class="Malacostraca" family="Crangonyctidae" genus="Stygobromus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hadenoecus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FADB7F1D1EB81DADCC0F9702535CB09E" italics="true">Stygobromus hadenoecus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Holsinger, 1966)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5C3ED3927013DA38834D3D6318318E01" class="Malacostraca" family="Parabathynellidae" genus="Texanobathynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bathynellacea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="EEBC83D9D585EF69B98C397504AC8EC8" italics="true">Texanobathynella</emphasis>
|
||||
sp.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="96B967D4E37337BA403A5FC5940BADA8" authority="Thompson & Hershler, 1991" authorityName="Thompson & Hershler" authorityYear="1991" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Texapyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="longleyi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1D8C191C31BDBE6E6B42D7D976F130D7" italics="true">Texapyrgus longleyi</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="129668EC89ACE62AB49D26AD9B7D5C0E" author="Thompson FG & Hershler R" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pagination="669-683" refId="B49" refString="Thompson FG, Hershler R (1991) New hydrobiid snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Prosobranchia: Truncatelloidea) from North America. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 104: 669-683." title="New hydrobiid snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Prosobranchia: Truncatelloidea) from North America." volume="104" year="1991">Thompson & Hershler, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8D3CF47ABC9EB2BD5170CECEE7C28C28" authorityName="Karaman" authorityYear="1933" class="Malacostraca" family="Microcerberidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Microcerberidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. (probably
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B1D4D2BF4B0C15EF73AF37D02AF521A4" authority="Hutchins & Schwartz, 2021" authorityName="Hutchins & Schwartz" authorityYear="2021" class="Malacostraca" family="Microcerberidae" genus="Texicerberus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schotteae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="58119CA3DB8316B28E403F48AC36D44B" italics="true">Texicerberus schotteae</emphasis>
|
||||
Hutchins & Schwartz, 2021
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but unconfirmed), and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="170EAD54766F440084CD0500BF27AB3D" authority="Barr, 2015" authorityName=", Blue Hole, Snake, and Slaughter Bend Springs (Devils River" authorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Typhloelmis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="finegan">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D685B2918733547616DA8E5BEC111345" italics="true">Typhloelmis finegan</emphasis>
|
||||
Barr, 2015
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Other molluscs present included
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="40AEABC2423711A21AEE31DAD869714A" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1833" class="Gastropoda" family="Physidae" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Physidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5C1A398C45D73EFB428CCF540E63EBAA" class="Bivalvia" family="Sphaeridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphaeriida" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Sphaeridae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3F36AD4D1EBB33723F23304C74E3E0AA" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Planorbidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9BC781F1A8E9BAEDFDEA0243C00F19DA" baseAuthorityName="Pilsbry & Ferriss" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Cochliopina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="riograndensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="77EB452C9623A48853DEE33CAB0EA2D4" italics="true">Cochliopina riograndensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="24FDA7471899DC228089B5BF88A1C8D7">
|
||||
The groundwater obligate taxa that have been documented at San Felipe Springs are:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E3CEAD36658E631A7A01962A1544CF28" authority="Holsinger, 1980" authorityName="Holsinger" authorityYear="1980" class="Malacostraca" family="Artesiidae" genus="Artesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subterranea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="88A8392E23116D6041D642E7DDF8EF57" italics="true">Artesia subterranea</emphasis>
|
||||
Holsinger, 1980
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C5485877B8FBC2C629619FF5C65C6595" authority="Hershler & Longley, 1986" authorityName="Hershler & Longley" authorityYear="1986" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Balconorbis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="uvaldensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="42BE6011C508EE9D483E902B0BD9E911" italics="true">Balconorbis uvaldensis</emphasis>
|
||||
Hershler & Longley, 1986
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5251B258E5F0D16A8FBF6731D9C4FF5F" authority="Benedict, 1896" authorityName="Benedict" authorityYear="1896" class="Malacostraca" family="Cirolanidae" genus="Cirolanides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C0FD630836EA736BB44E307ADE0A65C1" italics="true">Cirolanides texensis</emphasis>
|
||||
Benedict, 1896
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AAE07F1F605F030A0D1A2BAF4C3B9425" class="Malacostraca" family="Asellidae" genus="Lirceolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1BB62B275CB2BFD8CE19C0E99F91A654" italics="true">Lirceolus</emphasis>
|
||||
sp.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="09236D62B321D05EBC58829F0DE26988" authority="Cole & Minckley, 1972" authorityName="Cole & Minckley" authorityYear="1972" class="Malacostraca" family="Stenasellidae" genus="Mexistenasellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coahuila">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A276DE85F1569E58E44A60B515DA23E7" italics="true">Mexistenasellus coahuila</emphasis>
|
||||
Cole & Minckley, 1972
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="075CB2B8F4B6DA5EBD5C30D8867A5C48" authority="Holsinger, 1980" authorityName="Holsinger" authorityYear="1980" class="Malacostraca" family="Parabogidiellidae" genus="Parabogidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1F7531FBBDAA18D826D12BD373B27802" italics="true">Parabogidiella americana</emphasis>
|
||||
Holsinger, 1980
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DB4E460C2860B78168C2E7BEFF44DD0C" authority="Holsinger, 1996" authorityName="Holsinger" authorityYear="1996" class="Malacostraca" family="Hadziidae" genus="Paramexiweckelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruffoi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F6051339D38BA0520AC5288574349F39" italics="true">Paramexiweckelia ruffoi</emphasis>
|
||||
Holsinger, 1996
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5D676ADF433E545D38AB22F3B58F1909" authority="Hershler, 1987" authorityName="Hershler" authorityYear="1987" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coronae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B7F600266DFD4B2C931CD8D0922A62DF" italics="true">Phreatodrobia coronae</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="2C9B3FBBFDD148E80F21CA8EEE188E0F" DOI="10.5962/bhl.part.17409" author="Hershler R & Longley G" journalOrPublisher="Nautilus" pagination="133-139" refId="B26" refString="Hershler R, Longley G (1987) Phreatodrobia coronae, a new species of cavesnail from southwestern Texas. Nautilus 101: 133-139. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.17409" title="Phreatodrobia coronae, a new species of cavesnail from southwestern Texas." volume="101" year="1987">Hershler, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C46C9D07D8540EF67B4F2EEA8F89267E" authority="Jean, Telles & Miller, 2012" authorityName="Jean, Telles & Miller" authorityYear="2012" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Psychopomporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="felipi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6A3D6FB7AD9744A5E7EF219A8FCDB003" italics="true">Psychopomporus felipi</emphasis>
|
||||
Jean, Telles & Miller, 2012
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="54C44530BCF0D61AA986EB4394314A70" authority="Holsinger, 1982" authorityName="Holsinger" authorityYear="1982" class="Malacostraca" family="Seborgiidae" genus="Seborgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hershleri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="15FA060D7E61F977B730CD2272811935" italics="true">Seborgia hershleri</emphasis>
|
||||
Holsinger, 1982
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CE02BFB306AE9661EDF50978FEBC7DA4" authority="Bowman, 1992" authorityName="Bowman" authorityYear="1992" class="Malacostraca" family="Cirolanidae" genus="Speocirolana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hardeni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="36EBFA88906B2C460A827C29258B26A5" italics="true">Speocirolana hardeni</emphasis>
|
||||
Bowman, 1992
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="929741E3B0554F28732D21B21B77126A" class="Malacostraca" family="Crangonyctidae" genus="Stygobromus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1078CA4B9DEC9C6BBD85A7841673410D" italics="true">Stygobromus</emphasis>
|
||||
sp.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2E36E9DC495B2BB413B81F65DC5B5062" authority="(Maguire, 1965)" baseAuthorityName="Maguire" baseAuthorityYear="1965" class="Malacostraca" family="Monodellidae" genus="Tethysbaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thermosbaenacea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="992942DD1836884461AF5DDBDA7EE3DD" italics="true">Tethysbaena texana</emphasis>
|
||||
(Maguire, 1965)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0E71D90F58101263E2AFD2F2A01432C8" authority="Barr, 2015" authorityName="Barr" authorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Typhloelmis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanfelipe">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FED91FFC4FEE71CDEA4D948E26DE3723" italics="true">Typhloelmis sanfelipe</emphasis>
|
||||
Barr, 2015
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,93 +1,93 @@
|
|||
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|
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|
||||
<mods:end id="32501BB46E25243AB9C87E5D00BABE82">151</mods:end>
|
||||
<mods:extent id="02E610C8ADDFCED1E9C550AF6B1BFF17" unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start id="424838EA2220B748F5BF18D38FAAF33F">119</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end id="BE467B2C2A825987EED6326D9C7DFA32">151</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="594B2AC9057471045AF56DA90C618A1F">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="71DA8291BD1088410C71A73AD73FDBCA" type="DOI">10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="40416D511F0FC24676078069134C1379" type="ZooBank">4E0CCF70-D052-4828-AED4-4346C33B99DF</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="949ACB5BB7899B4EE91006796181E567">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="354DBF974A16918C705F113B82C805D3" type="DOI">10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="A8CC224D6EE759C8BA6DE584BA1E5162" type="ZooBank">4E0CCF70-D052-4828-AED4-4346C33B99DF</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="5F464CECFDB158B9AB5AADEE1ADAC910" ID-arpha="5F464CEC-FDB1-58B9-AB5A-ADEE1ADAC910" ID-zoobank="https://zoobank.org/43F12F11-A5DF-451A-AE3F-1F89563FBA9F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5F464CECFDB158B9AB5AADEE1ADAC910" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:43F12F11-A5DF-451A-AE3F-1F89563FBA9F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F464CECFDB158B9AB5AADEE1ADAC910">
|
||||
<treatment id="5F464CECFDB158B9AB5AADEE1ADAC910" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14804087" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14804087" ID-arpha="5F464CEC-FDB1-58B9-AB5A-ADEE1ADAC910" ID-zoobank="https://zoobank.org/43F12F11-A5DF-451A-AE3F-1F89563FBA9F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5F464CECFDB158B9AB5AADEE1ADAC910" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:43F12F11-A5DF-451A-AE3F-1F89563FBA9F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F464CECFDB158B9AB5AADEE1ADAC910" scope_class="Gastropoda" scope_family="Cochliopidae" scope_order="Littorinimorpha" scope_phylum="Mollusca" scope_subClass="Caenogastropoda" scope_superFamily="Truncatelloidea">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="5E36BFC5E3247DDCEE8112AEE47AAA3A" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="CCA6654ECDE22B5ECE3771421E567119">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F4ACC487ADDC5ACF0C5152E03CEF9B3B" authority="Perez, 2025" authorityName="Perez & Saenz & Guerrero & Gonzalez & Guerrero & Diaz & Hutchins & Schwartz" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="embossa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F4ACC487ADDC5ACF0C5152E03CEF9B3B" authority="Perez, 2025" authorityName="Perez" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="embossa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A486476BDCC2B09AA38F8105EB8B2863" italics="true">Phreatodrobia embossa</emphasis>
|
||||
Perez, 2025
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
|
|
@ -131,7 +131,6 @@ Perez, 2025
|
|||
<heading id="3646889663F0620A48D1607EB00D5C30" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="00AFF68D8EA077B7E1B2B2F7F8E04A18">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="67F4963644ED0D48944310B490EF013E" county="Terrell County" location="Terrell County" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||||
<emphasis id="84326C457094A57A9E34E0AB7DFEA7AB" bold="true" italics="true">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="2FB59F7630E1AF2B3EDE06AB260C5B1F" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
|
|
@ -140,23 +139,25 @@ and
|
|||
<typeStatus id="92E15FDA9FB2243B6CBE839A460AC192" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
–
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="578E0D3CE67EA06A9798BC7B846DB493" collectingDate="2020-12-07" collectingMethod="hyporheic sample" collectionCode="ANSP" collectorName="K. E. Perez & H. Glover & P. Sprouse" county="Terrell County" latitude="30.46622" location="2 nd pool of raceway" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-101.79429" municipality="Caroline Springs near Sheffield" specimenCode="ANSP 506746, ANSP 506747" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||||
<collectingCounty id="964E2BC8876912BC6360DE27A0FF0DBE">Terrell County</collectingCounty>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
•
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="27A70991CA07EE516149B9B75A47FC38" collectingDate="2020-12-07" collectionCode="ANSP" collectorName="Caroline Springs & Sheffield & K. E. Perez & Perez, H & Glover, P" latitude="30.46622" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-101.79429" specimenCode="ANSP 506746, ANSP 506747" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<collectorName id="75C28E42F4A2136CFA4A642828F81FD7">Caroline Springs</collectorName>
|
||||
near
|
||||
<collectorName id="7EB49DAF48BC96EC3D806A05531186C0">Sheffield</collectorName>
|
||||
, 2
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="1A3411D47D8469229CC6DE8FDDC7507E">Caroline Springs near Sheffield</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location id="81FCF765C166E7A598D013177465780D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5F464CECFDB158B9AB5AADEE1ADAC910:81FCF765C166E7A598D013177465780D" county="Terrell County" latitude="30.46622" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-101.79429" municipality="Caroline Springs near Sheffield" name="2 nd pool of raceway">
|
||||
2
|
||||
<superScript id="20DC2238CFF0E6DDD4AEC2D603E85E90">nd</superScript>
|
||||
pool of raceway, hyporheic sample, collected by
|
||||
<collectorName id="3B2F8BB49936E430FDFA4EB70937B740">
|
||||
K. E.
|
||||
<collectorName id="F687456B410694EF7E5E274CF7967790">Perez, H</collectorName>
|
||||
</collectorName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<collectorName id="7BCF04F96754FA394E91530D1A2875C6">Glover, P</collectorName>
|
||||
. Sprouse (
|
||||
pool of raceway
|
||||
</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMethod id="7F9179A4E15EFAA4D2EB9C91920BC666">hyporheic sample</collectingMethod>
|
||||
, collected by
|
||||
<collectorName id="3B2F8BB49936E430FDFA4EB70937B740">K. E. Perez</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="2214704E6E763D952F8500545F2C7C7A">H. Glover</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="68047093E18F70665B050304DC1DE0A1">P. Sprouse</collectorName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0E1FCI" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-101.794290,30.466220]}">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="78000E6D09257E905C647DBD80E5B3F7" degrees="30.46622" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="30.46622">30.46622</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
|
|
@ -207,7 +208,7 @@ Shell minute, clear, glassy, with regular rows of sculpture, ovately to globosel
|
|||
<heading id="676158E518B24FBD82CE1B7E66603239" reason="title">Taxonomic remarks.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="ACDBC3C04B7469AE233709ADE488A544">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="16EA0B634CE5DD111A86E2ED7750050F" authorityName="Perez & Saenz & Guerrero & Gonzalez & Guerrero & Diaz & Hutchins & Schwartz" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="embossa">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="16EA0B634CE5DD111A86E2ED7750050F" authorityName="Perez" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="embossa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A72F0F5B17E23594E2BEAA7ECD62B8B8" italics="true">Phreatodrobia embossa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is placed sister to
|
||||
|
|
@ -225,13 +226,13 @@ and
|
|||
with weak support in the
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E3HCI" xlink_title="cytochrome c oxidase subunit I">COI</abbrev>
|
||||
- only analysis. We were not able to obtain LSU sequence data for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5A5E301B85B5D814BC79FDDF4731A5F4" authorityName="Perez & Saenz & Guerrero & Gonzalez & Guerrero & Diaz & Hutchins & Schwartz" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="embossa">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5A5E301B85B5D814BC79FDDF4731A5F4" authorityName="Perez" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="embossa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A8640BFDCF4C202015C0C520D97FF680" italics="true">Phreatodrobia embossa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. In
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ELICI" xlink_title="cytochrome c oxidase subunit I">COI</abbrev>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8ED59EAE2CE142E46BC3981A0D22A3FF" authorityName="Perez & Saenz & Guerrero & Gonzalez & Guerrero & Diaz & Hutchins & Schwartz" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="embossa">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8ED59EAE2CE142E46BC3981A0D22A3FF" authorityName="Perez" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="embossa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="09A3BADB1EB041598844F1F92695EF85" italics="true">Phreatodrobia embossa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has an average p-distance of 17.5 % from
|
||||
|
|
@ -241,7 +242,7 @@ has an average p-distance of 17.5 % from
|
|||
. The sculpture is distinctive among the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="79204F7372CA6A0385429E9524C61B43" authorityName="Tryon" authorityYear="1866" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Cochliopidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and the genetic distance is close to what we would expect for genera in the family (which averaged 17.2 %).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D108D530C715CDD8FE33F92243FDF972" authorityName="Perez & Saenz & Guerrero & Gonzalez & Guerrero & Diaz & Hutchins & Schwartz" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="embossa">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D108D530C715CDD8FE33F92243FDF972" authorityName="Perez" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="embossa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3B40457BCD129F7EA0E25F957A63DB12" italics="true">Phreatodrobia embossa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
shares aspects of penial morphology with other
|
||||
|
|
@ -254,7 +255,7 @@ and
|
|||
species
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with a simple, slender penis tapering at the distal end, but with less muscular ribbing and no coiling. We chose to include
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="24834D92A681EA10FCEA8BBFCCE749E3" authorityName="Perez & Saenz & Guerrero & Gonzalez & Guerrero & Diaz & Hutchins & Schwartz" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="embossa">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="24834D92A681EA10FCEA8BBFCCE749E3" authorityName="Perez" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="embossa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BFDB8DA47E5D67B110E9B7B8A79BF83F" italics="true">Phreatodrobia embossa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in
|
||||
|
|
@ -272,7 +273,7 @@ might result in reassignment in the future.
|
|||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="67733DF6B3F98C81113F7976583A9EDD">
|
||||
The name
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B358748B1AEC0E50A8B4B24597AE2A83" authorityName="Perez & Saenz & Guerrero & Gonzalez & Guerrero & Diaz & Hutchins & Schwartz" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="embossa">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B358748B1AEC0E50A8B4B24597AE2A83" authorityName="Perez" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="embossa">
|
||||
“
|
||||
<emphasis id="BA13DEB119D495EA350AEC0B99877496" italics="true">embossa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
|
|
@ -284,9 +285,7 @@ The name
|
|||
<heading id="DA6F12CBDF64961E49CFDDE6BDBA1825" reason="title">Ecology and habitat.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="CC18AE9BE282EEA86A854B5B97C3319E">
|
||||
Caroline Springs (previously
|
||||
<collectionCode id="0321E43410691DF2208A9FC41C31496B" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics">T</collectionCode>
|
||||
5 springs), located at The Nature Conservancy’s Independence Creek Preserve, has a discharge of 189–315 L / s (
|
||||
Caroline Springs (previously T 5 springs), located at The Nature Conservancy’s Independence Creek Preserve, has a discharge of 189–315 L / s (
|
||||
<collectionCode id="6FC0544B7CE6EF63DBCF541A58D7D9EC">TNC</collectionCode>
|
||||
website), emanating from the early Cretaceous Edwards Limestone (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F8AF837A647C52A6225E2EADA6A74084" author="Barnes" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Barnes" refId="B9" refString="Barnes VE, Hartmann B, Scranton DF (1992) Geologic map of Texas. Bureau of Economic Geology, University of Texas, Austin, TX." year="1992">Barnes et al. 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
|
|
@ -295,14 +294,12 @@ website), emanating from the early Cretaceous Edwards Limestone (
|
|||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D7DA83F98511DDD402D423D75B8FDBA4" author="Brown" firstAuthor="Brown" journalOrPublisher="Brown Engineering Company, San Antonio, TX" refId="B6" refString="Brown MS (2003) Independence Creek Preserve water monitoring project: Volume 1. Preliminary Studies & Mapping. Brown Engineering Company, San Antonio, TX, 69 pp." title="Independence Creek Preserve water monitoring project: Volume 1. Preliminary Studies & Mapping." year="2003">Brown 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The spring run at Caroline springs is heavily modified and impounded. There are several elongate pools forming a raceway immediately downstream from the large main spring pool.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CF93DBB3A1FD650EF35B00CAE6B9DA7" authorityName="Perez & Saenz & Guerrero & Gonzalez & Guerrero & Diaz & Hutchins & Schwartz" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="embossa">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CF93DBB3A1FD650EF35B00CAE6B9DA7" authorityName="Perez" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="embossa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2063662F8F9A716A1512CEA477C1E188" italics="true">Phreatodrobia embossa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was found in hyporheic samples taken from gravels in the 2
|
||||
<superScript id="621D338893B8AE0209A7CEF16619A96A">nd</superScript>
|
||||
pool of the raceway. This pool is the site discussed and figured as the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5FE8BD2BF9F5075AECB582A84FCDE6CA">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
locality of
|
||||
pool of the raceway. This pool is the site discussed and figured as the type locality of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A249097F9F27B74505A83ADC4AA3389A" authority="Hershler, Liu, Landye, 2011" authorityName="Hershler, Liu, Landye" authorityYear="2011" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Tryonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="oasiensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2CB1658579A952AC8E4922A76B1190A8" italics="true">Tryonia oasiensis</emphasis>
|
||||
Hershler, Liu, Landye, 2011
|
||||
|
|
@ -310,7 +307,7 @@ Hershler, Liu, Landye, 2011
|
|||
. Water chemistry values were as follows: temperature = 15.5 ° C, pH = 9.52, conductivity = 863.6 μS / cm, and dissolved oxygen =
|
||||
<quantity id="89F351512098E2951347B70C7D889802" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="8.26" unit="mg" value="8.26">8.26 mg</quantity>
|
||||
/ L. Species found in the sample with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FB7B1797E9B8A851B13E866BC8AC922C" authorityName="Perez & Saenz & Guerrero & Gonzalez & Guerrero & Diaz & Hutchins & Schwartz" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="embossa">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FB7B1797E9B8A851B13E866BC8AC922C" authorityName="Perez" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="embossa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="033B22A48DEAF9B728C99ED3E3FA44DA" italics="true">Phreatodrobia embossa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
included Turbellaria and freshwater Annelida. Other molluscs included
|
||||
|
|
@ -345,7 +342,7 @@ Holsinger, 1992
|
|||
sp.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
We did not encounter
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FE0020C87CE1D65BBEDD5346778AF94" authorityName="Perez & Saenz & Guerrero & Gonzalez & Guerrero & Diaz & Hutchins & Schwartz" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="embossa">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FE0020C87CE1D65BBEDD5346778AF94" authorityName="Perez" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="embossa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="71236A910C7FA64B5C58212B6A33DF3A" italics="true">Phreatodrobia embossa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from numerous drift net samples which were taken at the springs.
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
791
data/63/59/7E/63597E15A27B594AA418A2E3E7CCC1EE.xml
Normal file
791
data/63/59/7E/63597E15A27B594AA418A2E3E7CCC1EE.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,791 @@
|
|||
<document id="1ED7005B2BA8BB788A6D46F49BA57439" ID-DOI="10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174" ID-ZooBank="4E0CCF70-D052-4828-AED4-4346C33B99DF" ID-publisher-id="138174" URI-arpha="5ABE4C4E-C19E-5982-84D4-332D5C7D1556" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/4E0CCF70-D052-4828-AED4-4346C33B99DF" XM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" XM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" XM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" XM.treatments_approvedBy="admin" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1738693956392" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Perez, Kathryn E., Saenz, Vanessa, Guerrero, Yamileth, Gonzalez, Lisa, Guerrero, Evan, Diaz, Pete, Hutchins, Benjamin T. & Schwartz, Benjamin F." docDate="2025" docId="63597E15A27B594AA418A2E3E7CCC1EE" docLanguage="en" docName="Subterranean Biology 50: 119-151" docOrigin="Subterranean Biology 50" docSource="https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/138174/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Stygopyrgus variabilis Perez & Saenz 2025, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="151" masterDocId="5ABE4C4EC19E598284D4332D5C7D1556" masterDocTitle="New and revised groundwater snails (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda, Cochliopidae) from karst and associated hyporheic habitats in western Texas and northern Mexico" masterLastPageNumber="151" masterPageNumber="119" pageNumber="119" updateTime="1738702794967" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:title id="357B627F0ABA45CE97639A2EC81328F4">New and revised groundwater snails (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda, Cochliopidae) from karst and associated hyporheic habitats in western Texas and northern Mexico</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B3E36F243BA4583A0C5B758951C3C528">Perez, Kathryn E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7C2BA2F8F65870AFB7DB6E3764AFA0B3">School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, 78542, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="56A6603C7E29763C2AFE2DF8D7E57E5F">Saenz, Vanessa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="312246DAAF6593CEDA7B3F653B2D8336">School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, 78542, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A56E338B8834BE1B83A64217698213F9">Guerrero, Yamileth</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="48B13B61872B984A00E667114BB82D75">Texas Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, San Marcos, TX, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4CF15433D14B57E06CC1073E48A2FE8A">Gonzalez, Lisa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CFD933C8B3B56D9F777B0366C73DA653">Texas Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, San Marcos, TX, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0CE2D64E6A3B70B7F98838C178CA3F0C">Guerrero, Evan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="95E5D63EBA1F6445B7BA6C5A4363387F">School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, 78542, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="09E4535B71A10A9B9750E42B1C5D8811">Diaz, Pete</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2A4FFDB3067B1FBADD8E978EA7CE1877">Edwards Aquifer Research and Data Center, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="29CA92FB4E4CA9026B72015BB134C856">Hutchins, Benjamin T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1AF8B63D2F569A15FE3F5F0F90E177E1">Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7BAF68A357B871E41541973BED696925">Schwartz, Benjamin F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D389DAEB0CE40DC134B0677DFFECD203" type="ORCID">0000-0002-0072-344X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="298A1A0C2F673DAA54ED1167177D5DC7">Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="AC61BCD7E1017233118E4B3D8E418367">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="B1D2E855DEA818E8CD95FF31AED6A554">Subterranean Biology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="D1136114596AE2B8C07F0E86C8E0B00D">
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<mods:date id="4653296EAB9B9886C5BA9750AC98C39B">2025</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0285EC732493CB8874EE46D9D9EB7821">2025-02-04</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="E255E06DD7EC5A4E4DBA541436AEB55E" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="9A019EC3579E865867A285EFC2840777">50</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="51F509A445946D7ED9068F1A40B7BB6C">119</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="CB1FCE349582E8F743085D73FFA6A141">151</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification id="D229D2826EE6685DA8648A085A60584F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="169A79FFE973981B97CD0A66E7581E83" type="DOI">10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A654C5A897C537BAF15DEFC5BFAAB137" type="ZooBank">4E0CCF70-D052-4828-AED4-4346C33B99DF</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="63597E15A27B594AA418A2E3E7CCC1EE" ID-arpha="63597E15-A27B-594A-A418-A2E3E7CCC1EE" ID-zoobank="https://zoobank.org/2514A89C-7FB7-4DE3-9AD1-74E83C66DCB1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:63597E15A27B594AA418A2E3E7CCC1EE" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2514A89C-7FB7-4DE3-9AD1-74E83C66DCB1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/63597E15A27B594AA418A2E3E7CCC1EE" scope_class="Gastropoda" scope_family="Cochliopidae" scope_order="Littorinimorpha" scope_phylum="Mollusca" scope_subClass="Caenogastropoda" scope_superFamily="Truncatelloidea">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="2122981C9A1BC0BCD4D9CE70197596B7" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D898FC736C16B87AC1232DB0350B7F65">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1E6554A82E06EEA73A9645E6E24F8184" authority="Perez & Saenz, 2025" authorityName="Perez & Saenz" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Stygopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="variabilis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3B5843F7473C53A5338931CDC6C16FD9" italics="true">Stygopyrgus variabilis</emphasis>
|
||||
Perez & Saenz, 2025
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D8297ABA08CA4C6CAE57D382F8143FD3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="ED0057EA9861C539E1F8C18D056E8B3D" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FBE9F42D77E4EE6B34FAF25B572E1408">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="F43AF4594D67AE5AFEC0FAF5460A9349" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. SEM of shells A shells of Stygopyrgus variabilis sp. nov., Las Palmas 5, Lower Canyons of the Rio Grande, Brewster Co., TX. ANSP 506748 B Las Palmas 1, Lower Canyons of the Rio Grande, Brewster Co., TX C shell of Stygopyrgus gracilis sp. nov., Fresno Creek, Fresno Canyon, Presidio County, TX. ANSP 506744 D Texapyrgus diaboli, comb. nov., lectotype of Tryonia diaboli, ANSP 91726, Drift of Devils River, Val Verde County, TX E Big Satan Canyon, Devils River, Val Verde County, TX F Phreatodrobia embossa sp. nov., Caroline Springs, Terrell County, TX. ANSP 506746. Scale bars: 500 µm (A – C, F); 300 µm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1242126">Figs 4 A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="ACE6B3177961CBED74C29E7B0B3BE6E1" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. SEM of protoconch sculpture A – D & teleoconch sculpture E – I A, E Stygopyrgus variabilis sp. nov. Individual from Las Palmas 1, Lower Canyons of the Rio Grande, Brewster County, TX B, F Stygopyrgus gracilis sp. nov. Individual from Fresno Canyon, Presidio County, TX C, G Texapyrgus diaboli comb. nov. Individual from Big Satan Canyon, Devils River, Val Verde County, TX D, H Phreatodrobia embossa sp. nov. Individual from Caroline Springs, Terrell County, TX I Balconorbis coronae comb. nov. Individual from Indian Springs Canyon Springs, Val Verde County, TX. Scale bars: 100 µm (A – E); 50 µm (E – I)." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1242127">5 A, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1D01C34F94AF74FA0A274A280DB0AD02" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Dorsal view of the penis of the three new species A Stygopyrgus variabilis B Stygopyrgus gracilis C Phreatodrobia embossa. Yellow color is due to Bouin’s solution for dissection, preserved tissues are white. Scale bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1242128">6 A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="80FC47006BBE6BB77544750EDEE9A709" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. SEM of radula (A – F) of new Stygopyrgus species A – C Stygopyrgus variabilis, Las Palmas 1, Lower Canyons of the Rio Grande, Brewster County, TX D – F Stygopyrgus gracilis, Fresno Canyon, Presidio County, TX. Scale bar radula: 1 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1242129">7 A – C</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EEABG" type="type locality">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2ABFC023CD126204B65EAC657A413BF8">
|
||||
<heading id="F979F0A1125EAFBDA2C48DF479AE237B" reason="title">Type locality.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE19011521F6A08FCB5EC781DA787A96">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="C58308387E17C2C3232DDFF246F9C4B9" country="United States of America" county="Brewster County" latitude="29.76829" location="hyporheic zone of Rio Grande below Las Palmas Spring # 5" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-102.57352" municipality="Lower Canyons of the Rio Grande" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Texas">
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="D6EAB47F00C3379FC2E485F6695A6A43" name="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4133D2C0D305C37A0FF11E35CAC027BC" country="United States of America" name="Texas">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCounty id="FA8571701534C0C9445064E2A738EAF4">Brewster County</collectingCounty>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="53FAB80778125032A69125DC6B6873DA">Lower Canyons of the Rio Grande</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location id="4FF2A24459701E6888CE403297B3EC22" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:63597E15A27B594AA418A2E3E7CCC1EE:4FF2A24459701E6888CE403297B3EC22" country="United States of America" county="Brewster County" latitude="29.76829" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-102.57352" municipality="Lower Canyons of the Rio Grande" name="hyporheic zone of Rio Grande below Las Palmas Spring # 5" stateProvince="Texas">hyporheic zone of Rio Grande below Las Palmas Spring # 5</location>
|
||||
, (
|
||||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0ENABG" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-102.573520,29.768290]}">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="4D78D868CF43154ABB73A488367C68A5" degrees="29.76829" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="29.76829">29.76829</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="DBA7EE5ADAE5195FA920B35613327765" degrees="102.57352" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-102.57352">- 102.57352</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
, WGS 84)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0ESABG" type="material">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F2E4156986908319222DA44A6ADD9767">
|
||||
<heading id="54F62AE08A2C7457B7F87EB83848E49B" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="35765C578C9FA75C8FF270B620096BBB">
|
||||
All sites are in
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="0C92F886EC3E10D4E75AACC278E55407" country="United States of America" name="Texas">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="9C97AB19352ACCD423105930DB50C988" name="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="040D977509D2232474584952CD40E840" bold="true" italics="true">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="88937394FA0C90BA9804471E766F51EC" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis id="631E6619BABB284B8653694F465806D1" bold="true" italics="true">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="168ABA73ABF65C8EEDD927B9503322BC" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
–
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="5C5091D03BC6A04641F2874C5A04758B" collectingDate="2022-04-22" collectingMethod="drift net sample" collectionCode="R" collectorName="B. Schwartz & K. E. Perez & R. Winton & B. Hutchins & A. Cottrell & A. Sovie & A. Cressler & B. Tobin" country="United States of America" county="Brewster County" latitude="29.76829" location="Las Palmas Spring # 5" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-102.57352" municipality="Lower Canyons of the Rio Grande" specimenCode="ANSP 506748, ANSP 506749, ABC-000901" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Texas" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||||
<collectingCounty id="37E9EF261F045A1BE476EB03960AB839">Brewster County</collectingCounty>
|
||||
•
|
||||
<location id="FBFF96FFFC23F78AD34D44C5EAD41C22" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:63597E15A27B594AA418A2E3E7CCC1EE:FBFF96FFFC23F78AD34D44C5EAD41C22" country="United States of America" county="Brewster County" latitude="29.76829" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-102.57352" name="Las Palmas Spring # 5" stateProvince="Texas">Las Palmas Spring # 5</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMethod id="7044E225886650943F8CED4B42097092">drift net sample</collectingMethod>
|
||||
, collected by
|
||||
<collectorName id="FD021FBD72C7E4D7E9E3B42CF7998EE9">B. Schwartz</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="E68B685B88334D06830D17CE803F4D74">K. E. Perez</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="D7C8A67AC8B234823F5B4C835AC9CF72">R. Winton</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="1100E485C656A9ED3CA9727654462FE9">B. Hutchins</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="3F7B6A1AC36CCFFF6EADDFE41AF51A4C">A. Cottrell</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="5EEE9DBB14447D37808264DA5A5D0423">A. Sovie</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="7FF2C815E8871CD6B856BE65B2440BA2">A. Cressler</collectorName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<collectorName id="CAEA28CF31D8ABA62E960FE1E9B0A2E5">B. Tobin</collectorName>
|
||||
, (
|
||||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EBBBG" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-102.573520,29.768290]}">
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||||
<geoCoordinate id="F3F496D829FE9F734E2AB357819FD314" degrees="29.76829" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="29.76829">29.76829</geoCoordinate>
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,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="501D9C48C4E07FF49E03A361A82F3673" degrees="102.57352" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-102.57352">- 102.57352</geoCoordinate>
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||||
</named-content>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<date id="95B774688E12DE14259772245C284585" value="2022-04-22">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="B7675BEC72178B364CA6BB97B4FB27A9" value="2022-04-22">22 April 2022</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
, (
|
||||
<specimenCode id="C4E425945FA70647369EE71558B6D45D" collectionCode="ANSP" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" type="">
|
||||
<named-content id="EB83C7B1CB150A54B3614A2D210C00F0" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/academy-natural-sciences-philadelphia" xlink_title="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia at Drexler University">ANSP</named-content>
|
||||
506748
|
||||
</specimenCode>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="43CAB8D78428F4FB8197CDFEC3BC44DD" collectionCode="ANSP" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" type="">
|
||||
<named-content id="42366815532F268CA2DDF24FCA5E4F16" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/academy-natural-sciences-philadelphia" xlink_title="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia at Drexler University">ANSP</named-content>
|
||||
506749
|
||||
</specimenCode>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="646D36ED2584E9F886E2452D78560295">
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EOBBG" xlink_title="Texas State University Aquifer Biodiversity Collection">ABC</abbrev>
|
||||
-000901
|
||||
</specimenCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0ESBBG" type="material">
|
||||
<paragraph id="BC60EC3C993D445A78CADBDFE8AC5E67">
|
||||
<heading id="0596610A78ACD6854514C78A790DCF51" reason="title">Additional material examined.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D59627B4B058570CBBE63ECB95636904">
|
||||
– All sites are in
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="170A17ACD51A688C79F441D11F5F9B47" country="United States of America" name="Texas">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="750AD0CB81027A9962DF6CA3C5C386C6" name="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. All sample collection through the joint effort of:
|
||||
<collectorName id="941D9AE6D4CB4724D85D370201D01E50">B. Schwartz</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="D0F6F13BCF7ECB7E68B989ADAF410009">K. E. Perez</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="443850422197B44E56095D5F232267B1">R. Winton</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="5518070AD9AC2140BA3B5DD864809D7D">B. Hutchins</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="70F8C28436FA0BBAE170492E5A007841">A. Cottrell</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="43B1AFBA35F03DBD5F6C805DD7C13E41">A. Sovie</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="7E7C3DFB92FB672ACDE783D105155C44">A. Cressler</collectorName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<collectorName id="462DB3C5E1AAE4162BBF5FEB6E2E04F4">B. Tobin</collectorName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="B9950E8B343CC1D719BB3ECB0FFD8DCC" collectingDate="2022-04-22" collectingMethod="drift net sample" collectionCode="R, ABC" collectorName="B. Schwartz & K. E. Perez & R. Winton & B. Hutchins & A. Cottrell & A. Sovie & A. Cressler & B. Tobin" country="United States of America" county="Brewster County" latitude="29.77079" location="Beaver Spring" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-102.57088" municipality="All" specimenCode="ABC-000898" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Texas">
|
||||
<collectingCounty id="BC844666AFE5778D8B0FEE0AD6C75CB3">Brewster County</collectingCounty>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location id="E291146C2289B0D405E96FF5D569138D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:63597E15A27B594AA418A2E3E7CCC1EE:E291146C2289B0D405E96FF5D569138D" country="United States of America" county="Brewster County" latitude="29.77079" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-102.57088" municipality="All" name="Beaver Spring" stateProvince="Texas">Beaver Spring</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMethod id="1E81B6F570F2A61CC36A8F24085794C3">drift net sample</collectingMethod>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0E2BBG" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-102.570880,29.770790]}">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="85994EC96EFA0FF8F9C221874EACA844" degrees="29.77079" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="29.77079">29.77079</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="C791ECF908EB939EE22B29B354B5B286" degrees="102.57088" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-102.57088">- 102.57088</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
)
|
||||
<date id="178E8A99BB3EE1E3925C23D5E3DB628A" value="2022-04-22">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="8DCF4D51EDE5C794778FE8DD2A3BD442" value="2022-04-22">22 April 2022</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<specimenCode id="CDFCEF05C2327B55C09B934A62ED8B34">
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EACBG" xlink_title="Texas State University Aquifer Biodiversity Collection">ABC</abbrev>
|
||||
-000898
|
||||
</specimenCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
; •
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="AE41898F9EF1A122EBC1D22BB7116433" collectingDate="2022-04-19" collectingMethod="hyporheic sample" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="B. Schwartz & K. E. Perez & R. Winton & B. Hutchins & A. Cottrell & A. Sovie & A. Cressler & B. Tobin" country="United States of America" county="Brewster County" latitude="29.74829" location="Las Palmas Spring # 1" longLatPrecision="4" longitude="-102.6075" municipality="All" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Texas">
|
||||
<location id="E0A41616DE3DA4BF95971DA026A3EF0B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:63597E15A27B594AA418A2E3E7CCC1EE:E0A41616DE3DA4BF95971DA026A3EF0B" country="United States of America" latitude="29.74829" longLatPrecision="4" longitude="-102.6075" name="Las Palmas Spring # 1" stateProvince="Texas">Las Palmas Spring # 1</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMethod id="DAB3B7EE82A54670434911443F7064ED">hyporheic sample</collectingMethod>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EHCBG" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-102.607500,29.748290]}">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="BC7D9BBBB5CB84005D1867F6069D5F77" degrees="29.74829" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="29.74829">29.74829</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="027A7A633D7EC3FAACB6ABA1D9A73AA3" degrees="102.6075" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-102.6075">- 102.6075</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<date id="A72B8FEAAECBF66AC3A5D10385288513" value="2022-04-19">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="F119F5E5AF23591041E5E405CCFC473D" value="2022-04-19">19 April 2022</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
, (
|
||||
<named-content id="5879B3737B4253DA5E89EFD01226DC7D" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/smithsonian-institution-national-museum-natural-history-0" xlink_title="United States National Museum, Smithsonian Institution">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="8EA46454B23D608D5A23C3318AF5239D" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
; •
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="46BB66E7E1661381D413439EAEA7C445" collectingDate="2022-04-21" collectingMethod="drift net sample" collectionCode="ABC" collectorName="B. Schwartz & K. E. Perez & R. Winton & B. Hutchins & A. Cottrell & A. Sovie & A. Cressler & B. Tobin" country="United States of America" county="Brewster County" latitude="29.74846" location="Son of Hot Springs" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-102.54075" municipality="All" specimenCode="ABC-000900" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Texas">
|
||||
<location id="813C10F6A6519C5B43DF6DD72C168E5A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:63597E15A27B594AA418A2E3E7CCC1EE:813C10F6A6519C5B43DF6DD72C168E5A" country="United States of America" latitude="29.74846" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-102.54075" name="Son of Hot Springs" stateProvince="Texas">Son of Hot Springs</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMethod id="9F2546E942103EDAB28B0E9838F59E90">drift net sample</collectingMethod>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0ETCBG" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-102.540750,29.748460]}">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="083159F41E26A9718E726083DD13490D" degrees="29.74846" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="29.74846">29.74846</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="B4C53CB568C2A25D258C15014977F6E1" degrees="102.54075" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-102.54075">- 102.54075</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<date id="E53D4D0F28575FBB6D4D979862AD82CF" value="2022-04-21">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="52D30F3318F4B19D68E9F8D9D159E451" value="2022-04-21">21 April 2022</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
, (
|
||||
<specimenCode id="CB0DF1A3E2FF23B419DE2B0BB4718BE1">
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EYCBG" xlink_title="Texas State University Aquifer Biodiversity Collection">ABC</abbrev>
|
||||
-000900
|
||||
</specimenCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
; •
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="A0A215FADC01962058B70C2BBD34E4A9" collectingDate="2022-04-22" collectingMethod="drift net sample" collectionCode="ABC" collectorName="B. Schwartz & K. E. Perez & R. Winton & B. Hutchins & A. Cottrell & A. Sovie & A. Cressler & B. Tobin" country="United States of America" county="Brewster County" latitude="29.76233" location="Las Yeguas Spring" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-102.57348" municipality="All" specimenCode="ABC-000903" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Texas">
|
||||
<location id="D90BE3584A7CDFA5A164850BD64D6AEA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:63597E15A27B594AA418A2E3E7CCC1EE:D90BE3584A7CDFA5A164850BD64D6AEA" country="United States of America" latitude="29.76233" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-102.57348" name="Las Yeguas Spring" stateProvince="Texas">Las Yeguas Spring</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMethod id="097B747B0A5CECC8AE165C646B20B637">drift net sample</collectingMethod>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0E6CBG" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-102.573480,29.762330]}">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="C5B4F3D42F34B1235F2B2C2682D7BA7A" degrees="29.76233" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="29.76233">29.76233</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="383F520464648A268B682ADE117F31E7" degrees="102.57348" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-102.57348">- 102.57348</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<date id="6CE3BB73A0AF546DED0A617B02B6B907" value="2022-04-22">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="C8C9C830A615E71ABF75F6761F8328A4" value="2022-04-22">22 April 2022</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
, (
|
||||
<specimenCode id="5BDFC754CE95F216D839D1C99FD7D907">
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EEDBG" xlink_title="Texas State University Aquifer Biodiversity Collection">ABC</abbrev>
|
||||
-000903
|
||||
</specimenCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
; •
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="C60678D7132F0513A2A9783C19AE16B7" collectingDate="2022-04-20" collectingMethod="hyporheic sample" collectionCode="ABC" collectorName="B. Schwartz & K. E. Perez & R. Winton & B. Hutchins & A. Cottrell & A. Sovie & A. Cressler & B. Tobin" country="United States of America" county="Brewster County" latitude="29.76833" location="Asa Jones Spring Complex" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-102.56351" municipality="All" specimenCode="ABC-000902" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Texas">
|
||||
<location id="A7C472035A82CCF287F6DB79AF1F1EE3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:63597E15A27B594AA418A2E3E7CCC1EE:A7C472035A82CCF287F6DB79AF1F1EE3" country="United States of America" latitude="29.76833" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-102.56351" name="Asa Jones Spring Complex" stateProvince="Texas">Asa Jones Spring Complex</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMethod id="20A65F99E6475B49406D63E9C2478D70">hyporheic sample</collectingMethod>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0ELDBG" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-102.563510,29.768330]}">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="2AA5DBFAE825406E2916E08C44E7407F" degrees="29.76833" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="29.76833">29.76833</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="9047501B9D0CE7B729FE061065B5BDA6" degrees="102.56351" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-102.56351">- 102.56351</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<date id="6086BA7D08A5CCF27C7E7DC61C71207C" value="2022-04-20">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="572B457C9D5FCAFB4AB02F0E0C168BFE" value="2022-04-20">20 April 2022</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
, (
|
||||
<specimenCode id="7C30BD829F7D112B79585DA7ABA0BC58">
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EQDBG" xlink_title="Texas State University Aquifer Biodiversity Collection">ABC</abbrev>
|
||||
-000902
|
||||
</specimenCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
; •
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="682A909C91BFA5CBCE39DE2768E53999" collectingDate="2022-04-20" collectingMethod="hyporheic sample" collectionCode="ABC" collectorName="B. Schwartz & K. E. Perez & R. Winton & B. Hutchins & A. Cottrell & A. Sovie & A. Cressler & B. Tobin" country="United States of America" county="Las Yeguas Rapid" latitude="29.76916" location="Rio Grande below Las Palmas 5 and Las Yeguas Rapid" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-102.57192" specimenCode="ABC-000904" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Texas">
|
||||
<location id="238A1A394A57C5FCF8FC6C4BDE04406D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:63597E15A27B594AA418A2E3E7CCC1EE:238A1A394A57C5FCF8FC6C4BDE04406D" country="United States of America" county="Las Yeguas Rapid" latitude="29.76916" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-102.57192" municipality="Las Palmas" name="Rio Grande below Las Palmas 5 and Las Yeguas Rapid" stateProvince="Texas">Rio Grande below Las Palmas 5 and Las Yeguas Rapid</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMethod id="7E726772FBB52F825CD6DB05E1D05E4A">hyporheic sample</collectingMethod>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EXDBG" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-102.571920,29.769160]}">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="A34FD08538DB478834A8B8BF8101B24E" degrees="29.76916" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="29.76916">29.76916</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="CC6A00565B5E683E2D9295C9EABCD679" degrees="102.57192" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-102.57192">- 102.57192</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<date id="F9D79612C9C4283EF9BE6BB8D91BB14C" value="2022-04-20">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="D22AB44B9245ECB72D240CC5AA5B07A5" value="2022-04-20">20 April 2022</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
, (
|
||||
<specimenCode id="24F806840CC145107BC203FD2376059B">
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E3DBG" xlink_title="Texas State University Aquifer Biodiversity Collection">ABC</abbrev>
|
||||
-000904
|
||||
</specimenCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
; •
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="4841228323E35034909D007655C9B8CE" collectingDate="2022-04-22" collectingMethod="drift net sample" collectionCode="ABC" collectorName="B. Schwartz & K. E. Perez & R. Winton & B. Hutchins & A. Cottrell & A. Sovie & A. Cressler & B. Tobin" country="United States of America" county="Las Yeguas Rapid" latitude="29.76884" location="Unnamed spring, downstream of Las Palmas 5" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-102.57198" specimenCode="ABC-000905" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Texas">
|
||||
<location id="717E4B5206BDB24CF78BB9B290F42D24" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:63597E15A27B594AA418A2E3E7CCC1EE:717E4B5206BDB24CF78BB9B290F42D24" country="United States of America" county="Las Yeguas Rapid" latitude="29.76884" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-102.57198" name="Unnamed spring, downstream of Las Palmas 5" stateProvince="Texas">Unnamed spring, downstream of Las Palmas 5</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMethod id="3DA538F9A738E3A6CB30F34F79FE3D43">drift net sample</collectingMethod>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EDEBG" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-102.571980,29.768840]}">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="4904EC1CCCF253AC00371E5CF0BA0FFB" degrees="29.76884" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="29.76884">29.76884</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="A6A503281B4F67EF43CBBA3AC5EE0600" degrees="102.57198" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-102.57198">- 102.57198</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<date id="DE006E9BB9B52CC69B2DD8103F2933E0" value="2022-04-22">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="55FF2B63339772D12E3A9CE85DC80BF5" value="2022-04-22">22 April 2022</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
, (
|
||||
<specimenCode id="116EEBF8620E75DAE32A538AF1A5223A">
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EIEBG" xlink_title="Texas State University Aquifer Biodiversity Collection">ABC</abbrev>
|
||||
-000905
|
||||
</specimenCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
; •
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="C3C95E8FD37913236CAB797095FFE299" collectingDate="2022-04-23" collectingMethod="drift net sample" collectionCode="ABC" collectorName="B. Schwartz & K. E. Perez & R. Winton & B. Hutchins & A. Cottrell & A. Sovie & A. Cressler & B. Tobin" country="United States of America" county="Las Yeguas Rapid" latitude="29.76719" location="Spigot Spring" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-102.56244" specimenCode="ABC-000906" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Texas">
|
||||
<location id="8D268F884CC1CAAD394F4701036D2DA6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:63597E15A27B594AA418A2E3E7CCC1EE:8D268F884CC1CAAD394F4701036D2DA6" country="United States of America" latitude="29.76719" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-102.56244" name="Spigot Spring" stateProvince="Texas">Spigot Spring</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMethod id="24BB90BF69A0618EEBB66565451C3D5F">drift net sample</collectingMethod>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EPEBG" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-102.562440,29.767190]}">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="BA3C4ED8DD2ECDD14B9897A819070DD8" degrees="29.76719" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="29.76719">29.76719</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="ECEE2DEEF63D398D77C48254C1ECC66E" degrees="102.56244" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-102.56244">- 102.56244</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<date id="6CA9004E6504825F3FDB220D45B34BF8" value="2022-04-23">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="3945164497D30D88561C8F11B9A7B115" value="2022-04-23">23 April 2022</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
, (
|
||||
<specimenCode id="9CBE1C583E844799E40F2F5C51898B64">
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EUEBG" xlink_title="Texas State University Aquifer Biodiversity Collection">ABC</abbrev>
|
||||
-000906
|
||||
</specimenCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
; •
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="215D2FDEFDF7BAC0E9047D141A79D840" collectingDate="2022-04-23" collectingMethod="drift net sample" collectionCode="ABC" collectorName="B. Schwartz & K. E. Perez & R. Winton & B. Hutchins & A. Cottrell & A. Sovie & A. Cressler & B. Tobin" country="United States of America" county="Las Yeguas Rapid" latitude="29.74693" location="Las Palmas 10 Spring" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-102.54345" specimenCode="ABC-000899" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Texas">
|
||||
<location id="88F66FAC662559C234576496810D14C9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:63597E15A27B594AA418A2E3E7CCC1EE:88F66FAC662559C234576496810D14C9" country="United States of America" latitude="29.74693" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-102.54345" municipality="Spring" name="Las Palmas 10 Spring" stateProvince="Texas">Las Palmas 10 Spring</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMethod id="EEAB338E9008CF0A2B085C30AED7F4F5">drift net sample</collectingMethod>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0E2EBG" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-102.543450,29.746930]}">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="7D19253DB63F6D1A2CA1F419C8E0182F" degrees="29.74693" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="29.74693">29.74693</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="136387EC7589F7FCA94BD94CEB4983F9" degrees="102.54345" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-102.54345">- 102.54345</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<date id="9849F97EFA9BAC69A34543FADD752DE8" value="2022-04-23">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="F4344C919725C75152FD358D52DDE3F3" value="2022-04-23">23 April 2022</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
, (
|
||||
<specimenCode id="BEBB0932B65D217B53D2D0299BE50FC4">
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EAFBG" xlink_title="Texas State University Aquifer Biodiversity Collection">ABC</abbrev>
|
||||
-000899
|
||||
</specimenCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EEFBG" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="22B6DE6E95F42194449BCE5C8E3F4FBA">
|
||||
<heading id="7EBB17354425098636ADF0FDE4C9B420" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3B331BA12B46BC4D9487C84E83585D51">
|
||||
Minute shell, some individuals with prominent keeled appearance, with distinctive spiral and longitudinal lirae sculpture on teleoconch that extends to the sutures.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B1FB566C2C238499C3D543DBAEAE464E" authorityName="Perez & Saenz" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Stygopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="variabilis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8CB2142FBB5C67A67173D4F6CABE35AE" italics="true">Stygopyrgus variabilis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
differs from related species in the region by shell shape, and sculpture. Some populations (e. g. Son of Hot Springs, Rio Grande River, Brewster County) have a shorter, more ovate, and less heavily sculptured shell with fewer keeled individuals. A closely related species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8C02B377CBDBCD2D0FAA95332DF30EDE" authorityName="Perez, Saenz & Gonzalez" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Stygopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="95FDF860EAFB13E9C5241E357E917639" italics="true">Stygopyrgus gracilis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1D70F87E56EAB76E4AB828536BA2A756" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
, has a turriform shape with transverse growth lines and faint spiral raised lines that are not present in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="286CA21797A42E78DCBD5A291665D2BF" authorityName="Perez & Saenz" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Stygopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="variabilis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="396D73F8D541686ED42ED7774FBFB5D2" italics="true">Stygopyrgus variabilis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4191E88DEB52281B28BBFA2B19EAAAAA" authorityName="Hershler & Longley" authorityYear="1986" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Stygopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bartonensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAD4850AB2BED0F8A729F03914F02A97" italics="true">Stygopyrgus bartonensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has similar sculpture that is finer, without keels, and with spiral and longitudinal striations rather than lirae. Penis of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="888F95F4086A9FC4BEA02271240EB645" authorityName="Perez & Saenz" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Stygopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="variabilis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="677EE2ADFE387970860AD921C315B68A" italics="true">Stygopyrgus variabilis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
lacks the papillae or apocrine glands of other
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="038198D4A872833B72E6185292E12014" authorityName="Hershler & Longley" authorityYear="1986" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Stygopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FCC0B674AEC4B33718A19E7071E43065" italics="true">Stygopyrgus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AE66993AF80628544D9367D297BB5C19" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Texapyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="188DEC4170F492A43E9DDDF6081338D6" italics="true">Texapyrgus</emphasis>
|
||||
species.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Cusps of central radula tooth more sharply pointed than other
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BF906E21857E89F8F91EF02993B2344B" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Stygopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="164BCA159C32CA421A1470F0E2FF4478" italics="true">Stygopyrgus</emphasis>
|
||||
species.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EWHBG" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D7A4A876CB927C02C43020B937D5AF94">
|
||||
<heading id="27A4D8A000EB87FF16159203D1828037" reason="title">Description.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="64FA7B6010F3FE7C9E6CBC71DFBBE63D">
|
||||
Shell minute, translucent to opaque, heavily sculptured, elongate ovate-conic with 1–3 prominent keel outlines per whorl on some individuals, some individuals with only a single weak keel most prominent on the body whorl or none (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="850F19163814119318FE30C39A481C8B" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. SEM of shells A shells of Stygopyrgus variabilis sp. nov., Las Palmas 5, Lower Canyons of the Rio Grande, Brewster Co., TX. ANSP 506748 B Las Palmas 1, Lower Canyons of the Rio Grande, Brewster Co., TX C shell of Stygopyrgus gracilis sp. nov., Fresno Creek, Fresno Canyon, Presidio County, TX. ANSP 506744 D Texapyrgus diaboli, comb. nov., lectotype of Tryonia diaboli, ANSP 91726, Drift of Devils River, Val Verde County, TX E Big Satan Canyon, Devils River, Val Verde County, TX F Phreatodrobia embossa sp. nov., Caroline Springs, Terrell County, TX. ANSP 506746. Scale bars: 500 µm (A – C, F); 300 µm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1242126">4 A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
, Suppl. material
|
||||
<xref id="CD3D1EE458BCF3F4DFD472BC708E8CC1" ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">1</xref>
|
||||
: fig. 1 J – R). First whorl of protoconch is elevated, separated from subsequent whorls (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="6FCC58B13F7B1D606EE6AED1D34AA5CE" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. SEM of protoconch sculpture A – D & teleoconch sculpture E – I A, E Stygopyrgus variabilis sp. nov. Individual from Las Palmas 1, Lower Canyons of the Rio Grande, Brewster County, TX B, F Stygopyrgus gracilis sp. nov. Individual from Fresno Canyon, Presidio County, TX C, G Texapyrgus diaboli comb. nov. Individual from Big Satan Canyon, Devils River, Val Verde County, TX D, H Phreatodrobia embossa sp. nov. Individual from Caroline Springs, Terrell County, TX I Balconorbis coronae comb. nov. Individual from Indian Springs Canyon Springs, Val Verde County, TX. Scale bars: 100 µm (A – E); 50 µm (E – I)." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1242127">5 A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Protoconch surface heavily sculptured by punctum that form irregularly shaped pits or wrinkles. Teleoconch sculpture includes irregularly spaced raised lateral lirae and more elevated longitudinal lirae dissected by prominent spiral keels. Aperture ovate, slightly pulled away from body whorl, only lightly touching body whorl at parietal corner. Lip reflected on basal and umbilical portions in larger individuals. Outer lip straight, simple, umbilicus open but partially obscured by reflected lip. Keels (when present) extend to the edge of the outer apertural lip. Operculum ovate, extremely thin, translucent, light brown with darker brown region at nucleus, submarginal nucleus, distinct oval muscle attachment, slightly raised on inner surface. Average shell measurements for adults (n = 20) from Las Palmas Springs 1 & 5 and Beaver Springs: shell height =
|
||||
<quantity id="425B7DB574ECDB53541F32EE5459D5B6" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" unit="mm" value="1.35">1.35 mm</quantity>
|
||||
(SD = 0.08), shell width =
|
||||
<quantity id="AA6454C44853879681A2428187968252" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" unit="mm" value="0.68">0.68 mm</quantity>
|
||||
(SD = 0.04), aperture height =
|
||||
<quantity id="1324953BAFC8E435DD8AAC30E04A0754" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" unit="mm" value="0.45">0.45 mm</quantity>
|
||||
(SD = 0.03), aperture width =
|
||||
<quantity id="033B63E538B2FF7B8EBE01FB562FACCE" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.40 mm</quantity>
|
||||
(SD = 0.03), number of whorls = 4.75 (SD = 0.20).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="75ABBE6D4488ED9E163DE512DA270FCA" ID-DOI="10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174.figure4" ID-arpha="6E5C06A7-0D20-581C-A371-0C4CF06CC06B" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1242126" startId="F4">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FD3062BE9BA2F115B504756703122DAA">
|
||||
<label id="50161F58500071836DCA6240A1201FAA">Figure 4.</label>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F654599AD473ACD9296B914E374CC12D">
|
||||
SEM of shells
|
||||
<emphasis id="4054C3F6372D5F4F9776CD55AF707408" bold="true">A</emphasis>
|
||||
shells of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6AEC8978251997B8129B1CF06761004" authorityName="Perez & Saenz" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Stygopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="variabilis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0D50C20E891CEEC8F0D9C1041E277CCA" italics="true">Stygopyrgus variabilis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F7A98D8D50321C2A3AC36476A738AB11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
, Las Palmas 5, Lower Canyons of the Rio Grande, Brewster Co., TX.
|
||||
<named-content id="3660F26B7DB9850052AF7D85D68C23F3" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/academy-natural-sciences-philadelphia" xlink_title="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia at Drexler University">ANSP</named-content>
|
||||
506748
|
||||
<emphasis id="0AB5CB2395A1CAD66FA6CD2B02A038B1" bold="true">B</emphasis>
|
||||
Las Palmas 1, Lower Canyons of the Rio Grande, Brewster Co., TX
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9758C97E198B1C6E88035223646AAEF" bold="true">C</emphasis>
|
||||
shell of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90994F341FBFBA2B415EAED94F130300" authorityName="Perez, Saenz & Gonzalez" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Stygopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="EC78C4D115299AF5AA9B5A842B127898" italics="true">Stygopyrgus gracilis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="90BE987AC0EE1E908625873C9765015F" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
, Fresno Creek, Fresno Canyon, Presidio County, TX.
|
||||
<named-content id="9D7517F6168D726451C112CB54888F10" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/academy-natural-sciences-philadelphia" xlink_title="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia at Drexler University">ANSP</named-content>
|
||||
506744
|
||||
<emphasis id="4FEA32239E1A8644F799EDF440C37FE2" bold="true">D</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8AD75185C31AB8FF8840B41425AD560A" authorityName="Perez & Saenz & Guerrero & Gonzalez & Guerrero & Diaz & Hutchins & Schwartz" authorityYear="2025" baseAuthorityName="Pilsbry & Ferris" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Texapyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="diaboli" status="comb. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7B32129DCB0B1BB5F888996CE664DE30" italics="true">Texapyrgus diaboli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B33E9803C89F7C5F1D1E677C564D8946" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
, lectotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CD6B6E3AA5091079F197C6028F599E62" authority=", ANSP" authorityName="ANSP" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Tryonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="diaboli">
|
||||
<emphasis id="82A293C9C1732D3CA1DB9B18F6A19608" italics="true">Tryonia diaboli</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<named-content id="299B39A4E175793DE221E9FE87766760" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/academy-natural-sciences-philadelphia" xlink_title="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia at Drexler University">ANSP</named-content>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
91726, Drift of Devils River, Val Verde County, TX
|
||||
<emphasis id="D4544D188931F1E9647CDBE6FDA124F6" bold="true">E</emphasis>
|
||||
Big Satan Canyon, Devils River, Val Verde County, TX
|
||||
<emphasis id="3333E45FCE567A2B01E6C8EA4B5A4D27" bold="true">F</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="603DCCF5E1FB8BC41FAFD36BAA2CAB0C" authorityName="Perez" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="embossa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0098A58B06D96DD6725CC7F7361ED0A7" italics="true">Phreatodrobia embossa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AB60CE0371E8C5F48E9320AA9E20EFF7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
, Caroline Springs, Terrell County, TX.
|
||||
<named-content id="D0E2E3B5A6E8E43F1E40864255F7C5B1" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/academy-natural-sciences-philadelphia" xlink_title="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia at Drexler University">ANSP</named-content>
|
||||
506746. Scale bars: 500 µm (
|
||||
<emphasis id="1DA068CE33375D611522B12438D05841" bold="true">A – C, F</emphasis>
|
||||
); 300 µm (
|
||||
<emphasis id="377193E5E886FA95B0E0E1A482ABF661" bold="true">D, E</emphasis>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="D59ECA6529E734C57F20037236D27D6B" ID-DOI="10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174.figure5" ID-arpha="B701CB7E-05DE-586C-BFB3-58312ACCAE2A" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1242127" startId="F5">
|
||||
<paragraph id="0C0DDB05E57F7CAB63B70E542D6EEBC9">
|
||||
<label id="7A2D7717F464092C4B985359E4EE4F55">Figure 5.</label>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="435C3C2834F1CD54C3CD495A031C6230">
|
||||
SEM of protoconch sculpture
|
||||
<emphasis id="11C1DC20BD85B9038C8AFC972E039BDB" bold="true">A – D</emphasis>
|
||||
& teleoconch sculpture
|
||||
<emphasis id="3FA6BA105A9198F9880E708F3D99B704" bold="true">E – I A, E</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACA1C0A5AD54E2D93A41C5FF050931BF" authorityName="Perez & Saenz" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Stygopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="variabilis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E934EBE254057BAB5FAA113CB20E099A" italics="true">Stygopyrgus variabilis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BEC8A25706845DAFC51B53E000EA79B4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
Individual from Las Palmas 1, Lower Canyons of the Rio Grande, Brewster County, TX
|
||||
<emphasis id="5E5E1E838E3439211AB46352E4B2D51F" bold="true">B, F</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="598F34FFF7E8C592EF7E9CC4E44E1E45" authorityName="Perez, Saenz & Gonzalez" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Stygopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E970CA791AB9766723EAD7C2464EAA5E" italics="true">Stygopyrgus gracilis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9AFAB128CA5AB720EC0750491FBBBE44" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
Individual from Fresno Canyon, Presidio County, TX
|
||||
<emphasis id="6EB226BA4896CC8A2EB81305524A5288" bold="true">C, G</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D1F379D4E2C965D798076CB09BA0E2B4" authorityName="Perez & Saenz & Guerrero & Gonzalez & Guerrero & Diaz & Hutchins & Schwartz" authorityYear="2025" baseAuthorityName="Pilsbry & Ferris" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Texapyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="diaboli" status="comb. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="45D890F145FA7B93C208D88A0627DBB7" italics="true">Texapyrgus diaboli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A82D0B6A12EB4B8C56F4D9C739603F22" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
Individual from Big Satan Canyon, Devils River, Val Verde County, TX
|
||||
<emphasis id="97B52002E1BC368E20CC373064E75524" bold="true">D, H</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="66F6F536B939073F09BD6E39CD7352A0" authorityName="Perez" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="embossa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCF9DE38E49F15F33EC032230242EDCD" italics="true">Phreatodrobia embossa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2EB836BA1D4274F1B17CAAC3B57AED8A" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
Individual from Caroline Springs, Terrell County, TX
|
||||
<emphasis id="1A01F7C4C54402FDC6B2620C48D8EC68" bold="true">I</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="53A2DF32E8C524871DE4BB706E11667C" authorityName="Perez & Saenz & Guerrero & Gonzalez & Guerrero & Diaz & Hutchins & Schwartz" authorityYear="2025" baseAuthorityName="Hershler" baseAuthorityYear="1987" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Balconorbis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coronae" status="comb. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="320766B50D751670C6C111A1E8A16569" italics="true">Balconorbis coronae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4981C74F0227FF7215FE6BB92BDDD62" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
Individual from Indian Springs Canyon Springs, Val Verde County, TX. Scale bars: 100 µm (
|
||||
<emphasis id="2F9E3259F0238A1A59D9B1FCB6A4D58F" bold="true">A – E</emphasis>
|
||||
); 50 µm (
|
||||
<emphasis id="ECC799B29EFF69E0F87A89EBB4065FA1" bold="true">E – I</emphasis>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E2911BDDBC9DFA987293385472A00B4C">Body unpigmented. Snout nontapered, slight distal lobation. Foot short, rounded, without lateral wings. Cephalic tentacle tapered, rounded, unpigmented, no visible cilia. Mantle tissue unpigmented. No visible eyes or pigmented patches at base of eyestalks. Ctenidium with about 12–15 triangular lobes. Rectum ends near edge of mantle on right side of head, intestine straight and uncoiled with elongate oval fecal pellets. Esophagus enters stomach below, stomach speckled with scattered dark flecks of pigment. Penis large, tapering, attached behind right eye, with expanded base and irregularly ridged along the proximal 2 / 3, narrows before the “ arrowhead ” like terminal portion. The tip tapers with two rounded lobes near the distal end. No apocrine glands or papillae observed. In preserved specimen, penis has distinct curve forming a “ fish-hook ” shape.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="CFFB9E3AB1C15777BDFBF9A0AEBB8CB1">
|
||||
Central radular tooth trapezoidal with rounded dorsal edge (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="3D05127629AD866CA673FBE71CC297C9" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. SEM of radula (A – F) of new Stygopyrgus species A – C Stygopyrgus variabilis, Las Palmas 1, Lower Canyons of the Rio Grande, Brewster County, TX D – F Stygopyrgus gracilis, Fresno Canyon, Presidio County, TX. Scale bar radula: 1 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1242129">7 A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) deeply curved; lateral margin thickened, lateral cusps 4–5 on each side; central cusp about 1 / 3 longer than adjacent cusps but similar in shape with an elongate oval shape, tapering at the end and at the base, one pair of basal cusps pointed, with small buttress, broadly conical, not needle-like, basal tongue v-shaped, medium deep basal socket. Face of lateral tooth rectangular, tooth curved, narrowing upon reaching the outer wing; outer wing tapering; central cusp slightly longer than lateral cusps, 5–6 cusps outer and 4–5 cusps inner direction, decreasing in size distally (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="FD94CA17FF9562601398DE3246374F40" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. SEM of radula (A – F) of new Stygopyrgus species A – C Stygopyrgus variabilis, Las Palmas 1, Lower Canyons of the Rio Grande, Brewster County, TX D – F Stygopyrgus gracilis, Fresno Canyon, Presidio County, TX. Scale bar radula: 1 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1242129">7 B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Inner marginal teeth with broad outer wing, 23–24 cusps visible, longer in length toward the central cusps, outermost cusps shorter, pointed, wide at base, cutting edge extends less than 25 % of the length of the tooth, lateral wing present. Outer marginal teeth broad and slightly curved at end, with 9–11 cusps. Cusps along inner edge longer; tooth face tapering to outer wing (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="DE57208EE07F498E0BCF781F87C8C03A" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. SEM of radula (A – F) of new Stygopyrgus species A – C Stygopyrgus variabilis, Las Palmas 1, Lower Canyons of the Rio Grande, Brewster County, TX D – F Stygopyrgus gracilis, Fresno Canyon, Presidio County, TX. Scale bar radula: 1 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1242129">7 B, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="339C6EBF19DF2835E2749B1AEAE1E452" ID-DOI="10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174.figure6" ID-arpha="0198E177-97F1-52D1-9D26-268C0CDB4ED4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1242128" startId="F6">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F0F084F25EEB3F8A54DF5E0D01BDEF4E">
|
||||
<label id="744BE58782F553621219E8092B8B0C01">Figure 6.</label>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="860B0555F0AE7EADD19F755DDEC0F6C5">
|
||||
Dorsal view of the penis of the three new species
|
||||
<emphasis id="FEF40004541F6533F483DF2C1F64A6FC" bold="true">A</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4D848F556AD448D9195D1CFC237B845D" authorityName="Perez & Saenz" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Stygopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="variabilis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="EC8DC83EF447DC9797377FCB1BA12292" italics="true">Stygopyrgus variabilis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="7FC9D33F45A3CFE2393833E78DB67EB5" bold="true">B</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E0AE01375A9A0A8F5B8FA3A4A8A9DC85" authorityName="Perez, Saenz & Gonzalez" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Stygopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6F799372047AD48F0A0DBBDF1261F3DA" italics="true">Stygopyrgus gracilis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="554C911824677FCC55EA2DD7C009B13C" bold="true">C</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4EFB999C10994BAAF57FA7FAA58F64C5" authorityName="Perez" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="embossa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6DA032519F50F17147DCA224EBF74355" italics="true">Phreatodrobia embossa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Yellow color is due to Bouin’s solution for dissection, preserved tissues are white. Scale bars: 100 µm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="7302DE521A5E75B9BE46D09DC622BAC9" ID-DOI="10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174.figure7" ID-arpha="46FD177D-4AA5-5757-B351-80D571C05189" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1242129" startId="F7">
|
||||
<paragraph id="553CC8B3275E251B338AB8C012A14769">
|
||||
<label id="A498B61F595D89E6EFDEA16DE5B3C9B8">Figure 7.</label>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="CF335EA4FC9E9DF69E8A136F8D56C88C">
|
||||
SEM of radula (
|
||||
<emphasis id="43BEFF0A471FF061470114C1D49B3835" bold="true">A – F</emphasis>
|
||||
) of new
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FDD6040F3B14A72FA2A0850A0CF68BC2" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Stygopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undefined-A">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C0B49215F56B65222513618999100308" italics="true">Stygopyrgus</emphasis>
|
||||
species
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="7A2775BE207966E6637E6FEB0D5DAD9E" bold="true">A – C</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0F2B9E85E641C1F1DA5E556D2CDFF753" authority=", Las Palmas" authorityName="Perez & Saenz" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Stygopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="variabilis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="85A4F9983EE757A06CBD0F0E27AA90DE" italics="true">Stygopyrgus variabilis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, Las Palmas 1, Lower Canyons of the Rio Grande, Brewster County, TX
|
||||
<emphasis id="163249BBD3CB1988C1D02FB45CAB7E2B" bold="true">D – F</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2187150DB94327C3F9726E3CB63BA80D" authority=", Fresno Canyon, Presidio County, TX. Scale" authorityName="Perez, Saenz & Gonzalez" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Stygopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3D0154CAF1FF5BBBD88EEE4460703B22" italics="true">Stygopyrgus gracilis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, Fresno Canyon, Presidio County, TX. Scale bar radula: 1 µm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0ETRBG" type="Taxonomic remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="1E36612347C44B475D98770F91DFC6DA">
|
||||
<heading id="63046B2AE66C70351E38D0EDA782711C" reason="title">Taxonomic remarks.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F0421032B380D88D95834E5EC130296D">
|
||||
Both mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies place this new species close to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="975959ABF2ED9B31077DB93D1A90A033" authorityName="Hershler & Longley" authorityYear="1986" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Stygopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bartonensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4C3692B938E478741305816E3F31C290" italics="true">Stygopyrgus bartonensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with 11.1 % p-distance and with 10.1 % p-distance from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CB79E034C65856A1E51D86531D677702" authorityName="Perez, Saenz & Gonzalez" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Stygopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="89A41FED35BCC41BC940CB672D5C1F0D" italics="true">Stygopyrgus gracilis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. However, the branch support is only moderate for placement in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C48AC4461433434A318DE0949D5D4605" authorityName="Hershler & Longley" authorityYear="1986" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Stygopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8A01E2915A9D842898BAD134C52D8DD5" italics="true">Stygopyrgus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. In addition, these species share a minute, elongately conic shell outline, pitted or malleated protoconch sculpture, and teleoconch sculpture including regular, raised spiral lines and collabral growth lines. These sculptural features are larger and more pronounced in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C292573401565B3877991BA73BF0C463" authorityName="Perez & Saenz" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Stygopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="variabilis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A898B94B57FB2EE9ECA5F28DD3D357" italics="true">Stygopyrgus variabilis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4E169CF342CD8EE2E16773B4A8FE19D1" authorityName="Perez & Saenz" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Stygopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="variabilis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1D5A1BD137810CC746F9E8FBCF57E9B7" italics="true">Stygopyrgus variabilis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
share aspects of penial morphology with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5C6DE5B963312479FF09A649F0D97DF8" authorityName="Hershler & Longley" authorityYear="1986" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Stygopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bartonensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="569B74A80F01496C01B9C5227D2DAD05" italics="true">S. bartonensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with a relatively slender penis tapering with a muscular base but lacks papillae. This combination of DNA and morphological features seems to situate this species squarely in the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D5CEF1FF78966A4DF999BB5E7679203C" authorityName="Hershler & Longley" authorityYear="1986" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Stygopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="184360C5E6505EBDD8EC7029BBECAAE0" italics="true">Stygopyrgus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but sufficiently merit species status. Beaver Spring specimens were 100 % keeled individuals, with both male and female individuals keeled. Other populations such as the type locality, Rio Grande at Las Palmas Spring 1, ~ 5 % are unkeeled, 20 % have one keel on the lower whorls only.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E5TBG" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8CB4B775F03CD17F6D26AF943E401EA7">
|
||||
<heading id="0ADF429ED4E028A8C9DD6CE918436DAB" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E983C23A17FB49368217317020C0E9D4">
|
||||
The name
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FEA3221B0380104E0850031B9ED9019" authorityName="Perez & Saenz" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Stygopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="variabilis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4A59D265B68ECE8260A0C895048EAB6" italics="true">variabilis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was chosen to reflect the highly variable nature of shell sculpture of this species from heavily keeled to nearly smooth.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EOUBG" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C1B3A6552D1E31EF33842476F5E73E6C">
|
||||
<heading id="46C6BFD5D6D92DD27EC1363C84B388CE" reason="title">Ecology and habitat.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="39892164A24C05F6B3255B346891FF47">
|
||||
The Lower Canyons Reach of the Rio Grande Wild and Scenic River is a remote section of the Rio Grande / Rio Bravo del Norte that forms the international border between the
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="BAD105AE68CEDD83DBFAF9A6FA8395DC" name="United States of America">US</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="ADAAB64B19A0B81A1394A288716D9B00" name="Mexico">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. This section of the Rio Grande is downstream from Big Bend National Park in a region of deep canyons through Chihuahuan Desert habitat, accessible only by multiple-day canoe excursion. Flow in the river includes some minor input from upstream, depending on the season, but is mostly maintained by groundwater input from numerous karst springs (some are thermal) discharging from the Edwards-Trinity Aquifer System (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="7BB704DEAAC75FC3BEEFE4E7E6AE19BD" author="Smith Trevizo" firstAuthor="Smith Trevizo" journalOrPublisher=", Alpine, Texas: Sul Ross State University" refId="B44" refString="Smith Trevizo LL (2004) An Evaluation of the Effects of Hot Spring Discharge on the Rio Grande in Big Bend National Park, Brewster County, Texas. M. S., Alpine, Texas: Sul Ross State University, 153 pp." title="An Evaluation of the Effects of Hot Spring Discharge on the Rio Grande in Big Bend National Park, Brewster County, Texas. M. S." year="2004">Smith Trevizo 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E9F93839190A2E320136A27D395C311A" author="Brauch" firstAuthor="Brauch" journalOrPublisher="Alpine, Texas: Sul Ross State University" refId="B5" refString="Brauch BA (2012) Hydrogeologic Study of Springs in the Lower Canyons of the Rio Grande, Rio Grande Wild And Scenic River, Texas. Alpine, Texas: Sul Ross State University, 155 pp." title="Hydrogeologic Study of Springs in the Lower Canyons of the Rio Grande, Rio Grande Wild And Scenic River, Texas." year="2012">Brauch 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The Las Palmas spring group discharges from the Glen Rose and Del Carmen Formations (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EDC8A30CEE06E72C453749411EECB6CB" author="Brauch" firstAuthor="Brauch" journalOrPublisher="Alpine, Texas: Sul Ross State University" refId="B5" refString="Brauch BA (2012) Hydrogeologic Study of Springs in the Lower Canyons of the Rio Grande, Rio Grande Wild And Scenic River, Texas. Alpine, Texas: Sul Ross State University, 155 pp." title="Hydrogeologic Study of Springs in the Lower Canyons of the Rio Grande, Rio Grande Wild And Scenic River, Texas." year="2012">Brauch 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) between river miles 739.6–735.8.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6896393E76370491F1FCECCFBAEBE826" authorityName="Perez & Saenz" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Stygopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="variabilis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="386EB80D7E2C5A1391E89AF5501E193D" italics="true">Stygopyrgus variabilis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was found in springs or hyporheic samples with water chemistry values ranging from: 25.79–32.26 ° C, pH from 7.22–8.78, conductivity from 471.7–986.6 μS / cm, and dissolved oxygen from
|
||||
<quantity id="741DFE8E50F1AA251312EE222476474A" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="7.25" metricValueMax="10.8" metricValueMin="3.7" unit="mg" value="7.25" valueMax="10.8" valueMin="3.7">3.7–10.8 mg</quantity>
|
||||
/ L.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="82FBCA20922612F01DB546C9200F8FA2">
|
||||
The springs and hyporheic zone of the Lower Canyons of the Rio Grande are a region of high invertebrate diversity, including both spring-associated and groundwater-associated (stygobiotic) taxa. Species found with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A4983DE2858B291C066406C4D404B6ED" authorityName="Perez & Saenz" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Stygopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="variabilis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6342DDD568C9E727FA0BB5406C8DEC75" italics="true">Stygopyrgus variabilis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
included nematodes and freshwater annelida, crustaceans including ostracods, cyclopoid and harpaticoid copepods,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A1D4BBB7DFE0D64EF439974FD4C45E9D" class="Malacostraca" family="Parabathynellidae" genus="Texanobathynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bathynellacea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="31475B1838D3D66C2D5802E3C874E769" italics="true">Texanobathynella</emphasis>
|
||||
sp.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F08E3D133309CB44CE7DAEB3939EF5CE" class="Malacostraca" family="Parabathynellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bathynellacea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Parabathynellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), Ingolfiellida, the amphipods
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="38A59138DE380E9341D0CAF29E1964D6" class="Malacostraca" family="Hadziidae" genus="Paraholsingerius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FFDD6E1268C962B846BC7AF254AE7DB3" italics="true">Paraholsingerius</emphasis>
|
||||
sp.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4BCF157802BF5487D4660606C8BBA909" class="Malacostraca" family="Hadziidae" genus="Paramexiweckelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F9AA0B8A7DDE3FC71AF66D8DAD24F7E8" italics="true">Paramexiweckelia</emphasis>
|
||||
sp.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8F829A19C265D8740352C52F2604B164" class="Malacostraca" family="Parabogidiellidae" genus="Parabogidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="EE09487DEB9099A1B580F36A11915F84" italics="true">Parabogidiella</emphasis>
|
||||
sp.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3299B460AB4004946A4F7CA36D93AACA" class="Malacostraca" family="Parabogidiellidae" genus="Simplexia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="96D9CDC743AEDE9A56BF4BB34AA1F8B1" italics="true">Simplexia</emphasis>
|
||||
sp.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0934D38A79D99BDAB12977667A492125" class="Malacostraca" family="Seborgiidae" genus="Seborgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEFF6F4351FD0FD805FFB477AB3D11DD" italics="true">Seborgia</emphasis>
|
||||
sp.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the isopods
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DAFE799564DEA5157F9CF2BE4EB2D145" authorityName="Bowman" authorityYear="1992" class="Malacostraca" family="Cirolanidae" genus="Speocirolana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hardeni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="390BDE8D55758C8D75838D726A8275E8" italics="true">Speocirolana hardeni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D306DE3CCD81EF7B4DE241037CEC382C" authorityName="Hutchins & Schwartz in Hutchins, Schwartz & Coleman" authorityYear="2021" class="Malacostraca" family="Microcerberidae" genus="Texicerberus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amistad">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C0DF915CA9BD909718498C660D9C0772" italics="true">Texicerberus amistad</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3471EDA5F358741DEF6A786887C7EABA" authorityName="Hutchins & Schwartz" authorityYear="2021" class="Malacostraca" family="Microcerberidae" genus="Texicerberus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schotteae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="41F402066921428682989802AD8954C6" italics="true">Texicerberus schotteae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="07CD672264C9CB5CA68E05C02964B208" authorityName="Cole & Bane" authorityYear="1978" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Thermosphaeroma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subequalum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3F93C0B854935C4C41FD488CF8B8D011" italics="true">Thermosphaeroma subequalum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C68F5F2827955B9C09A4CF29BCFFE18B" baseAuthorityName="Maguire" baseAuthorityYear="1965" class="Malacostraca" family="Monodellidae" genus="Tethysbaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thermosbaenacea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8AC5C83D70C52BCC6B69D2F4E6DBBBAE" italics="true">Tethysbaena texana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="95B5E3BF0E6D19B35D16E84DD5F52F05" authorityName="Monod" authorityYear="1927" class="Malacostraca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thermosbaenacea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Thermosbaenacea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Apart from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AFD2125136F80CD7B86D376E5836715D" authorityName="Cole & Bane" authorityYear="1978" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Thermosphaeroma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subequalum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="51EE3740AE25E1C2A254B50D15ED282F" italics="true">Thermosphaeroma subequalum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(associated with thermal freshwater springs) and the ostracods and copepods of unknown ecology, the crustaceans present are considered stygobionts. Other molluscs present included
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="96C219795B7FB02053210D011E081A8E" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1833" class="Gastropoda" family="Physidae" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Physidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="415A682831F3B95E0C6D3FBA3D568023" class="Bivalvia" family="Sphaeridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphaeriida" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Sphaeridae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
674
data/82/E3/CE/82E3CEC23D1758FBBCAFCFAAE4247229.xml
Normal file
674
data/82/E3/CE/82E3CEC23D1758FBBCAFCFAAE4247229.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,674 @@
|
|||
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<mods:titleInfo id="429AF09661E09BF1459ECFFB64E0420D">
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<mods:title id="6EEF14539C910BB3F46499B00C31B9D0">New and revised groundwater snails (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda, Cochliopidae) from karst and associated hyporheic habitats in western Texas and northern Mexico</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F8DA0BA62B4FD26BDE7ABD1270D90E37">Perez, Kathryn E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CEFAC9B8585478612F9268A9129411CB">School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, 78542, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="56452AEB1772075B27BBFDE360102591" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="670E1BA6C067B58537460C477F5FA919">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="1EF8272487D501973069631895C78F72">Saenz, Vanessa</mods:namePart>
|
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<mods:affiliation id="A54AA099015F7624D677640BFF5C59B3">School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, 78542, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="52FEE7AD103D4DC8252B79EACEF4360E">Guerrero, Yamileth</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="FB0977284419294604AB55F9CB9CE98C">Texas Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, San Marcos, TX, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="73858382DDE182D9477B621E15CE6A16">Gonzalez, Lisa</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="E12457975FF4857558B8FB91C80E7E9E">Texas Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, San Marcos, TX, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B9CCF5D66EEBA57E7F4F9D18CCB84D64">Guerrero, Evan</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="9E301A9888F92B9F8EEB154B7661C009">School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, 78542, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="15A014490AE9677B822B1A96BDF5BE43" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="45C8E313AB68EEE660D7909C80E879C3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="E546C3404E4CE3855F18A18373E20C9D">Diaz, Pete</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="5BB8BDDE858B2F5027C371451A2A49E8">Edwards Aquifer Research and Data Center, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="8327AD3BFAEF54DFD9B414B0ADA19966" type="personal">
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||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="3D82EBB5D35D72555CE780BBF3BCEC4F">Hutchins, Benjamin T.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="83CC4E3081CD85DE170983400C57EA60">Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="D38DA56E4EE6EE0147A0A4EDF8DDC195" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9FA8ED78279FC160A34B7C8733A4C3EC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="47D353478CC91FBAE60CE9B7D21290FA">Schwartz, Benjamin F.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="98432FAE85C989A0390906AD9F5E9575" type="ORCID">0000-0002-0072-344X</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="B008EB1BC252073E9211C7BCE8739C1C">Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="F1349C95D3181EE43DFAACBF144A0A9B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="52FA517544EBEC5CF3C73AD0B111C3E9">
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<mods:title id="D048F15B50E3C7CFC2AA6D68CBD6E4D9">Subterranean Biology</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part id="B6FFF456968CB8DEC9652640E19E3CB5">
|
||||
<mods:date id="731FCC0708A4E96C33D428FB94011451">2025</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="0DC884DC208D0901710FF37F0041077F" type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number id="1E9998F1830CF34ADEC4B9EA80D46714">2025-02-04</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="1418630BBA3583C6A06ACBEECE2E3121" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="DC926FB304F96698985421B6CCDA3C4B">50</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
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<mods:extent id="FC0FCCEF120402B36FEA94EC404803BA" unit="page">
|
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<mods:start id="475A6328B8FB2DC03B9F989D6AE31914">119</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end id="CF3154276A4336868E5F18FB5D46A264">151</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="021657491ACFF6B7BF8A8A3957B571FC">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="AE690C51E6B3095CBDBF14162A2936A6" type="DOI">10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="59A3486E8275F74D080535BEF08CFAB3" type="ZooBank">4E0CCF70-D052-4828-AED4-4346C33B99DF</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="82E3CEC23D1758FBBCAFCFAAE4247229" ID-arpha="82E3CEC2-3D17-58FB-BCAF-CFAAE4247229" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:82E3CEC23D1758FBBCAFCFAAE4247229" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/82E3CEC23D1758FBBCAFCFAAE4247229" scope_class="Gastropoda" scope_family="Cochliopidae" scope_order="Littorinimorpha" scope_phylum="Mollusca" scope_subClass="Caenogastropoda" scope_superFamily="Truncatelloidea">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="7E56DE4E3F16A7A2BA0ABA5944CFB557" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5C002769245A4EDCFD1B897EC63E7F09">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B3D91E828EC8ED70929B2AFD7B319A27" authority="(Hershler, 1987)" authorityName="Perez & Saenz & Guerrero & Gonzalez & Guerrero & Diaz & Hutchins & Schwartz" authorityYear="2025" baseAuthorityName="Hershler" baseAuthorityYear="1987" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Balconorbis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coronae" status="comb. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FEDB336801155074F0DD3E3A21B32E84" italics="true">Balconorbis coronae</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B2E3A93BF6F0B8F99CDE0D3F3161D322" DOI="10.5962/bhl.part.17409" author="Hershler R & Longley G" journalOrPublisher="Nautilus" pagination="133-139" refId="B26" refString="Hershler R, Longley G (1987) Phreatodrobia coronae, a new species of cavesnail from southwestern Texas. Nautilus 101: 133-139. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.17409" title="Phreatodrobia coronae, a new species of cavesnail from southwestern Texas." volume="101" year="1987">Hershler, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="81D071178B5163107A4C87C574A98E88" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0565DA9A92492B41B8563AEF995C74A6" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="82915437A82AB42EEA58D72335777168">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CB07B4B6A10345F8D52520CE434B295E" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. SEM of shells A shells of Stygopyrgus variabilis sp. nov., Las Palmas 5, Lower Canyons of the Rio Grande, Brewster Co., TX. ANSP 506748 B Las Palmas 1, Lower Canyons of the Rio Grande, Brewster Co., TX C shell of Stygopyrgus gracilis sp. nov., Fresno Creek, Fresno Canyon, Presidio County, TX. ANSP 506744 D Texapyrgus diaboli, comb. nov., lectotype of Tryonia diaboli, ANSP 91726, Drift of Devils River, Val Verde County, TX E Big Satan Canyon, Devils River, Val Verde County, TX F Phreatodrobia embossa sp. nov., Caroline Springs, Terrell County, TX. ANSP 506746. Scale bars: 500 µm (A – C, F); 300 µm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1242126">Figs 4 F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="789E593E6E7B9135271ADD2B7586DB50" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. SEM of protoconch sculpture A – D & teleoconch sculpture E – I A, E Stygopyrgus variabilis sp. nov. Individual from Las Palmas 1, Lower Canyons of the Rio Grande, Brewster County, TX B, F Stygopyrgus gracilis sp. nov. Individual from Fresno Canyon, Presidio County, TX C, G Texapyrgus diaboli comb. nov. Individual from Big Satan Canyon, Devils River, Val Verde County, TX D, H Phreatodrobia embossa sp. nov. Individual from Caroline Springs, Terrell County, TX I Balconorbis coronae comb. nov. Individual from Indian Springs Canyon Springs, Val Verde County, TX. Scale bars: 100 µm (A – E); 50 µm (E – I)." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1242127">5 I</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="9B0D3E8589E0202FCFEBC94F4EDC03A1" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3C48236835C76D192F5BA36E39A82D20">
|
||||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B5FEECCB9A29BE002CCDD98073FB11DF">
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="C9411870A21370547131A3D7A6FFCED0">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="70173B89E18C77AA142A4330AE4A3E9D" ID-CoL="6VCG9" authority="Hershler, 1987, pp. 133 - 139" authorityName="Hershler" authorityPageNumber="133 - 139" authorityYear="1987" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coronae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="31E07566AE1F33A3A3609A48AE615A80" italics="true">Phreatodrobia coronae</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="2BAE2AC4CC069D88349797B1EBEC4A5A" DOI="10.5962/bhl.part.17409" author="Hershler R & Longley G" journalOrPublisher="Nautilus" pagination="133-139" refId="B26" refString="Hershler R, Longley G (1987) Phreatodrobia coronae, a new species of cavesnail from southwestern Texas. Nautilus 101: 133-139. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.17409" title="Phreatodrobia coronae, a new species of cavesnail from southwestern Texas." volume="101" year="1987">Hershler, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, pp. 133–139
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="98151BB3368A52527F0452BDCA2DCC93">
|
||||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="4603487CB3C4EAF4A25F7CDAD20CDBEE">
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="9112326B8311EC490403C340D6CB4B67">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FC3F117F84324923A05D4BE099CB840B" ID-CoL="6VCG9" authority="Alvear et al., 2020" authorityName="Alvear" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coronae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAB6F0C675F69453FDD35F9A2055DD4B" italics="true">Phreatodrobia coronae</emphasis>
|
||||
Alvear et al., 2020
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, pp. 7, fig. 6.
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E3KBI" type="Types">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F109A2C451E97E54CD6EE0D3B78AE88F">
|
||||
<heading id="1A651EF4E681FB6367933500951945E0" reason="title">Types.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9B80C7F79707A10631CDEB453E5D0C51">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="D06C7F7DE3BE34A18C34EC745F455EAB" collectionCode="USNM" specimenCode="USNM 859219" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="305E16F87BF0587CEE23B2E67BD858C2" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
<specimenCode id="0228E0F4C383B5A5A81F188C03F8AA1B" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">
|
||||
<named-content id="52606D94C4726C551A3557B02B99B352" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/smithsonian-institution-national-museum-natural-history-0" xlink_title="United States National Museum, Smithsonian Institution">USNM</named-content>
|
||||
859219
|
||||
</specimenCode>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EGLBI" type="type locality">
|
||||
<paragraph id="94F314BFDF55F37A2374FBF1BCAD259C">
|
||||
<heading id="62E72303B5E84B3C49792E7D81289D02" reason="title">Type locality.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2F21D4D5624F058801D5EA11FBE11184">
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="6E6C0AFE862F8894DC5280FBFC75A0B2" name="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="C79ED9986620B66E1355E029D9A0D267" country="United States of America" name="Texas">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||||
, Val Verde County, unnamed spring (now named Indian Springs Canyon Springs) on E side of Devils River in canyon (named Indian Springs Canyon) just downflow from Slaughter Bend, Devils River.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0ELLBI" type="material">
|
||||
<paragraph id="1B4DF60A26D1AE52663B0F90C75EF060">
|
||||
<heading id="63F8438451BE9F72D70CF5C40B2551B9" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="16F55723ECC7895C4052BF6ED1312168">
|
||||
All sites are in
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="A4C00D806B9B77F80EB63926CC90B25E" collectingDate="2020-12-08" collectingMethod="drift net sample" collectionCode="R, ABC" collectorName="K. E. Perez & C. Ortega & R. Chastain" country="United States of America" county="Val Verde County" latitude="29.6582" location="Devils River" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-100.91765" municipality="Lake Amistad National Recreation Area" specimenCode="ABC-000886" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Texas">
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="1AC98CECB1E625482530E8C926A0268A" country="United States of America" name="Texas">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="AC710D539FDD7873A812E9CB233D2BD7" name="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<collectingCounty id="FBB7779D68B2F64F5199483E91E40A23">Val Verde County</collectingCounty>
|
||||
•
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="D250BA501D358D11C9BD174EF7D12680">Lake Amistad National Recreation Area</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="277F288E6D4E3068F48FD09B0EDDFCB0">Indian Springs Canyon Springs</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location id="83782E042E5949808FE6F4CDE36BABE6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:82E3CEC23D1758FBBCAFCFAAE4247229:83782E042E5949808FE6F4CDE36BABE6" country="United States of America" county="Val Verde County" latitude="29.6582" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-100.91765" municipality="Lake Amistad National Recreation Area" name="Devils River" stateProvince="Texas">Devils River</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMethod id="8A038277F3D3E690A397436A7D6E05A3">drift net sample</collectingMethod>
|
||||
, collected by
|
||||
<collectorName id="D799EAE3A4FBADE5E9AF62F7F6136F09">K. E. Perez</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="A38DB70A5F420E81193D94BC68300DDF">C. Ortega</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="F037363AEF2B72A15CEA2DDB7E734BA3">R. Chastain</collectorName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EULBI" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-100.917650,29.658200]}">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="D3320A8DCE6871107FAEB0D43DF4F671" degrees="29.6582" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="29.6582">29.6582</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="27F7D06EBADCC562FA3F4F0524806436" degrees="100.91765" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-100.91765">- 100.91765</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<date id="B75814509CECA51B0CBD689EBE141AA5" value="2020-12-08">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EF3D9B963318CD0B887B7668BD26C5F9" value="2020-12-08">8 December 2020</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
, (
|
||||
<specimenCode id="3241A8AC87663D8843A009261551625F">
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EZLBI" xlink_title="Texas State University Aquifer Biodiversity Collection">ABC</abbrev>
|
||||
-000886
|
||||
</specimenCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E4LBI" type="material">
|
||||
<paragraph id="93DEB2F8FCFEF5E20149CD62AA26C7F9">
|
||||
<heading id="B63F705FFFE4D6006A04E6D0C30EAD02" reason="title">Additional material examined.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9A4F55FF0E2DC69B4906CCC7D488CFEC">
|
||||
–
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="7882D1EE21CE94D483708DA0F45CC3BC" collectingDate="2020-12-06" collectionCode="R, ABC" collectorName="K. E. Perez & C. Ortega & R. Chastain" county="Val Verde County" latitude="29.66383" location="Indian Springs" longLatPrecision="4" longitude="-100.9275" specimenCode="ABC-000881" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<collectingCounty id="F90A1B6D55D266DB8EEFCB55D1C471DD">Val Verde County</collectingCounty>
|
||||
•
|
||||
<location id="6DC724B9856ED8F7EF3CB94BE107AC4E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:82E3CEC23D1758FBBCAFCFAAE4247229:6DC724B9856ED8F7EF3CB94BE107AC4E" county="Val Verde County" latitude="29.66383" longLatPrecision="4" longitude="-100.9275" name="Indian Springs">Indian Springs</location>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EGMBI" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-100.927500,29.663830]}">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="4AC92AED66EFE98395907E61DBCC6692" degrees="29.66383" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="29.66383">29.66383</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="56B5798E2BA8E098C7CBC7BEB4407ECD" degrees="100.9275" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-100.9275">- 100.9275</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<date id="4FFC2FE51B4A0A7F15404AF0F49AFCD2" value="2020-12-06">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="391CA958AC3C3437831538C2F8E0213B" value="2020-12-06">6 December 2020</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="48C9322A6C2269F12182AAE3BE7B718B">K. E. Perez</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="43C5299587E6C19A532F47FD90C64E72">C. Ortega</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="CD1E124399751244EC5941642B20A576">R. Chastain</collectorName>
|
||||
, (
|
||||
<specimenCode id="8046EA01C6460110A46C72EA486285BA">
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ELMBI" xlink_title="Texas State University Aquifer Biodiversity Collection">ABC</abbrev>
|
||||
-000881
|
||||
</specimenCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
; •
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="039B2957BA4C49AD43BA102BD52FD220" collectingDate="2020-12-06" collectingMethod="drift net sample" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="B. Schwartz" county="Val Verde County" latitude="29.36887" location="San Felipe Creek" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-100.88388" specimenCode="USNM 1571292" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<location id="E9AF509AC4EA472752666A371AC6761C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:82E3CEC23D1758FBBCAFCFAAE4247229:E9AF509AC4EA472752666A371AC6761C" latitude="29.36887" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-100.88388" name="San Felipe Creek">San Felipe Creek</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMethod id="47FA9E1981B0C69B66001ACE27E838F8">drift net sample</collectingMethod>
|
||||
, (
|
||||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0ESMBI" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-100.883880,29.368870]}">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="B98E946739EA08B3CEDD49AC48151B50" degrees="29.36887" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="29.36887">29.36887</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="FC57289C5366D87B5BD6574A5A09F810" degrees="100.88388" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-100.88388">- 100.88388</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<date id="3A67EB084B9CA3E79AD90219EB67E3F1" value="2020-12-06">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="DC90056234D4A9CEBCB54727BD0F7BAA" value="2020-12-06">6 December 2020</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="9551C32917E7D690C616971238BFF172">B. Schwartz</collectorName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<specimenCode id="95F4677BB45C808008D7DCFA9DE7C56C" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">
|
||||
<named-content id="90B3310211F4A74325691067A1D777E8" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/smithsonian-institution-national-museum-natural-history-0" xlink_title="United States National Museum, Smithsonian Institution">USNM</named-content>
|
||||
1571292
|
||||
</specimenCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
; •
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="5176727131C2F06902D247886D43EB90" collectingDate="2020-12-06" collectingMethod="drift net sample" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="B. Schwartz" county="Val Verde County" latitude="29.8938" location="Devils River" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-100.99456" municipality="Blue Hole" specimenCode="USNM 1571290" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="D3D8D18379E8E60CB5FB6751DE960013">Blue Hole</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="6F4DD68A73AE325754278B205769349C">Finegan Springs</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location id="532BF715A4E35520CD1DCBD53A32BC7E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:82E3CEC23D1758FBBCAFCFAAE4247229:532BF715A4E35520CD1DCBD53A32BC7E" latitude="29.8938" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-100.99456" municipality="Blue Hole" name="Devils River">Devils River</location>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0E5MBI" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-100.994560,29.893800]}">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="FFB5AF2E329E6424F72C12EB27973006" degrees="29.8938" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="29.8938">29.8938</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="1570D1B6D3F39A38FA24327686D9E5E3" degrees="100.99456" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-100.99456">- 100.99456</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<collectorName id="F9BC2597A7460FD4C09EFE24DDAB930B">B. Schwartz</collectorName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<specimenCode id="959E94DAD87075B25DECD6165D22329F" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">
|
||||
<named-content id="784D23B17BBBDB45E674188221AEBE65" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/smithsonian-institution-national-museum-natural-history-0" xlink_title="United States National Museum, Smithsonian Institution">USNM</named-content>
|
||||
1571290
|
||||
</specimenCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
; •
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="2AA233ED1C3E055E3E47C1BCC34944D7" collectingDate="2020-12-06" collectingMethod="drift net sample" collectionCode="USNM" county="Val Verde County" latitude="29.900707" location="Devils River" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-100.998474" municipality="Finegan Springs" specimenCode="USNM 1571291" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="D356A769C8E57154C5725FD5C80E96CC">Finegan Springs</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location id="E8417928A2B6984D0F3B7E84DC6C6C26" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:82E3CEC23D1758FBBCAFCFAAE4247229:E8417928A2B6984D0F3B7E84DC6C6C26" latitude="29.900707" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-100.998474" municipality="Finegan Springs" name="Devils River">Devils River</location>
|
||||
, (
|
||||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EKNBI" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-100.998476,29.900708]}">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="32C3B9D9186B3DC7697EDAE2546D2BC2" degrees="29.900708" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="29.900707">29.900708</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EDD7534103D5E22E6E49C6F45F4FB6F2" degrees="100.998476" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-100.998474">- 100.998476</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
), (
|
||||
<specimenCode id="111CC581FD1EEB80A59E5A769F5AC76D" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">
|
||||
<named-content id="439D1C787DB774215DA9D3B8F4582A24" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/smithsonian-institution-national-museum-natural-history-0" xlink_title="United States National Museum, Smithsonian Institution">USNM</named-content>
|
||||
1571291
|
||||
</specimenCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
; •
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="4BB69C46DFFF72F505C5BAD70E458548" collectingDate="2020-12-06" collectingMethod="drift net sample" collectionCode="ABC" collectorName="B. Schwartz" county="Val Verde County" latitude="29.896318" location="Snake Spring" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-100.98122" specimenCode="ABC-000915" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<location id="2EC313B20731931AD532D7D7A948C6DE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:82E3CEC23D1758FBBCAFCFAAE4247229:2EC313B20731931AD532D7D7A948C6DE" latitude="29.896318" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-100.98122" name="Snake Spring">Snake Spring</location>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EWNBI" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-100.981214,29.896319]}">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="B2D3D87F7B6133478D6D76C5308A58C7" degrees="29.896319" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="29.896318">29.896319</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="A07626496365039F29BCFFC738D2D387" degrees="100.981214" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-100.98122">- 100.981214</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<collectorName id="C3E5857964E8BAA89629494416001493">B. Schwartz</collectorName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<specimenCode id="D3BDFA80BEAB424B035E0F638B791C53">
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E2NBI" xlink_title="Texas State University Aquifer Biodiversity Collection">ABC</abbrev>
|
||||
-000915
|
||||
</specimenCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
; •
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="7E36CB90C30AE5A2BD09DFD6475C052A" collectingDate="2020-12-06" collectingMethod="drift net sample" collectionCode="R, ABC" collectorName="J. Gordon & M. Turner & R. Hoffman" county="Val Verde County" latitude="29.6402" location="Boiling Trough Spring" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-100.92647" specimenCode="ABC-000917" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<location id="623F99E4918B47B8DBA534B23E9104DE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:82E3CEC23D1758FBBCAFCFAAE4247229:623F99E4918B47B8DBA534B23E9104DE" latitude="29.6402" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-100.92647" name="Boiling Trough Spring">Boiling Trough Spring</location>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0ECOBI" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-100.926470,29.640200]}">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="7668544B2A5AE3070A429C2DCC2D4502" degrees="29.6402" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="29.6402">29.6402</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="BB83C8CB2731A02B0B296B6963E30D99" degrees="100.92647" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-100.92647">- 100.92647</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<collectorName id="7FDD7AA17227EB2ACDFD68D9F42C920A">J. Gordon</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="A981BB35BDA9FEA5D251E1FBD757F2FC">M. Turner</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="04D2A886CB6EA8DFA45487A454F92984">R. Hoffman</collectorName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<specimenCode id="AEA59174B9BABAE48798AB26EF7C1F72">
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EHOBI" xlink_title="Texas State University Aquifer Biodiversity Collection">ABC</abbrev>
|
||||
-000917
|
||||
</specimenCode>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
; •
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="5BBE9382B2905035DC8883739AEDA7E3" collectionCode="ABC" collectorName="Pete Diaz" latitude="29.9048" location="Devils River" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-101.011116" municipality="Finegan 105" specimenCode="ABC-000922" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="D751C31000C1BDF103C441B7A81274B4">Finegan 105</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
, (
|
||||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EOOBI" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-101.011114,29.904800]}">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="E6631D18935AB3BFC8EE6B73220D8033" degrees="29.9048" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="29.9048">29.9048</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="DD0C2F88E4D79585B282858AE84BB01F" degrees="101.01111381" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-101.011116">- 101.01111381</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<location id="5585D5E174726229823470AF9DBC4AEA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:82E3CEC23D1758FBBCAFCFAAE4247229:5585D5E174726229823470AF9DBC4AEA" latitude="29.9048" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-101.011116" municipality="Finegan 105" name="Devils River">Devils River</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="39C07DE7E85C4DE4377D6CA15D88BD0B">Pete Diaz</collectorName>
|
||||
, (
|
||||
<specimenCode id="FE2DADA83D6658FC940CAD9C90C433CC">
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ETOBI" xlink_title="Texas State University Aquifer Biodiversity Collection">ABC</abbrev>
|
||||
-000922
|
||||
</specimenCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
; •
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="D06EEB9639DCF8D7FDF74ACEA6377355" collectingDate="2013-03-19" collectionCode="ABC" collectorName="Randy Gibson" latitude="29.893871" location="Blue Hole" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-100.99453" specimenCode="ABC-000923" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<location id="8A88A45A96E580CA1473FD5792CF752F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:82E3CEC23D1758FBBCAFCFAAE4247229:8A88A45A96E580CA1473FD5792CF752F" latitude="29.893871" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-100.99453" name="Blue Hole">Blue Hole</location>
|
||||
, (
|
||||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0E1OBI" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-100.994530,29.893872]}">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="4865846472A3AA811157D79066BACBC2" degrees="29.893872" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="29.893871">29.893872</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="4BEAE2A3DEC5FEFE8A56B28709E36216" degrees="100.99453" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-100.99453">- 100.99453</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<date id="5453584D11B3ADBDFDBDA97B46423452" value="2013-03-19">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="92CC75D49692F6E2D1C07FFA10142B9F" value="2013-03-19">19 March 2013</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="39127B90385F171AADEF5C56AF4C6A3B">Randy Gibson</collectorName>
|
||||
, (
|
||||
<specimenCode id="58E1F1A5649B477E83921DD03EA754C8">
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E6OBI" xlink_title="Texas State University Aquifer Biodiversity Collection">ABC</abbrev>
|
||||
-000923
|
||||
</specimenCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EDPBI" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="DBD5FA042742FC5616C22629D39B05C0">
|
||||
<heading id="4EB6B39D9C929907346A1937D7A5C3E2" reason="title">Description.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="50C54BF1DE50E2115369D0B7CF1C2072">Shell minute, transparent and colorless. Near-planispiral to depressed-trochoid. Deeply impressed sutures. First whorl of protoconch uncoiled to a horn-like apex, sculptured with wrinkled pits. Teleoconch sculpture with strong raised spiral lines near protoconch, and later with both raised spiral and longitudinal lines. On some specimens, collabral ribs (costae) are strongly defined while absent or very faint in others. If present, ribs start on the penultimate whorl and increase in size towards the body aperture. Widely open umbilicus, aperture circular to ovate depending on overall shell shape (planispiral to trochoid). Peristome flared all around and tilted adapically.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EIPBI" type="Taxonomic remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F8DE01F75A6A180882824FE4D881D9E5">
|
||||
<heading id="131B08161BAA5161BC433650548B51B6" reason="title">Taxonomic remarks.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="DA15FB8C94A026DD50A3FE9F2F33BFAD">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="08D59948FEAF2D07EF3ECDC18899DD13" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coronae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DD46421D5AEE7C1B241D955E39881559" italics="true">Phreatodrobia coronae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was assigned to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1E848C6BE9567EE841EB1BFDCDEBF192" authorityName="Hershler & Longley" authorityYear="1986" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0DF33248062AA39716A4D8DF8924FBD2" italics="true">Phreatodrobia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
based on a similar shell outline to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="03889936C2E0CE38A05AB67D50DBD37D" authority="(Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1906)" baseAuthorityName="Pilsbry & Ferriss" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="micra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6BC9FB2F427785354EE4F8DBAAD15D87" italics="true">P. micra</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0188AF9B3A81CDBD6F4E67112DE5DBF9" author="Pilsbry HA & Ferriss JH" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pagination="123-175" refId="B39" refString="Pilsbry HA, Ferriss JH (1906) Mollusca of the Southwestern States, II (Plates V - IX). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 58: 123-175. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4063087" title="Mollusca of the Southwestern States, II (Plates V - IX)." url="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4063087" volume="58" year="1906">Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3CBD49EE6772FC5E9D9D033120B841D" authority="(Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1906)" baseAuthorityName="Pilsbry & Ferriss" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nugax">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A9645261E0BFC3A3352E89E61BB291F3" italics="true">P. nugax</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="6E353373FC52A7E050185365B8D7A66F" author="Pilsbry HA & Ferriss JH" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pagination="123-175" refId="B39" refString="Pilsbry HA, Ferriss JH (1906) Mollusca of the Southwestern States, II (Plates V - IX). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 58: 123-175. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4063087" title="Mollusca of the Southwestern States, II (Plates V - IX)." url="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4063087" volume="58" year="1906">Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(depressed to sub-trochoid), however, both mitochondrial and nuclear data consistently place
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="237555AECA8F542571C759CC52565539" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coronae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C37C65B8A0C34C3C6914014F6EFEFFAB" italics="true">P. coronae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
outside
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="56F7CCC84DC280D5D1A7914FCF9FB909" authorityName="Hershler & Longley" authorityYear="1986" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="EBB7F8C7D1DE008B032A3203D33C4E94" italics="true">Phreatodrobia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, with strong support.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D8ADB17690EE24EEDD11171773F6A1A4" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coronae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="13781074C91A5D3BB31995388A07D52E" italics="true">Phreatodrobia coronae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
displays dimorphism in several features, an aspect not common among
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CF20EA723E641E606C65129A6EECE70" authorityName="Hershler & Longley" authorityYear="1986" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8E1FE2D89A2FEE6386AE7ADDCE46C67C" italics="true">Phreatodrobia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and has a distinctive, uncoiled protoconch, also not found among other
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="99D2F1A50DE1221840290B7DD5F979F0" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CD59D3227B68FFB5E5D1B324F042F4D3" italics="true">Phreatodrobia</emphasis>
|
||||
species.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
We have considered whether this species should be reassigned to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A540DDE43CE930413533BC2DD07A1302" authorityName="Hershler & Longley" authorityYear="1986" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Balconorbis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0397B8F4E0F307C7B04E97DC281D3CBE" italics="true">Balconorbis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
based on the DNA sequence relationship. This relationship is weak, and different genes and analysis parameters affect the placement of both
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C100EE98A60C39090727963F1266400E" authorityName="Hershler & Longley" authorityYear="1986" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Balconorbis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="uvaldensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F74AB2F7D568B199F5DDB346A0319E47" italics="true">Balconorbis uvaldensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="18F572704FA62EA9340444ACCF780FE4" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coronae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="48EC69783DD8E743305A60D0A32BD478" italics="true">Phreatodrobia coronae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. These two genes are insufficient to fully resolve the backbone of the tree of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C38764EBCC86E0EDBDB8607561F18552" authorityName="Tryon" authorityYear="1866" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Cochliopidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The average divergence in
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EDTBI" xlink_title="cytochrome c oxidase subunit I">COI</abbrev>
|
||||
between
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C72454355B32ED0ED65B16500E6BC007" authorityName="Hershler & Longley" authorityYear="1986" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Balconorbis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="uvaldensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1D93A8BD405F84F5449F2D3DAE45E9CE" italics="true">Balconorbis uvaldensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CADDFA7FFE9C1391750B264E08148F8A" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coronae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BB5FB73CFC5F4D7D0DB4FAB08BEBFD49" italics="true">P. coronae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was 18.5 %, slightly above the average divergence among genera overall (17.2 %) and the 3
|
||||
<superScript id="50B0586297C9BD9E0D4DF4F38D5260AC">rd</superScript>
|
||||
position of the
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E6TBI" xlink_title="cytochrome c oxidase subunit I">COI</abbrev>
|
||||
locus was saturated at this level, making the relationship in the LSU phylogeny more reliable. The LSU phylogeny places
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85EE5953F46CC7AA96E843574C16C204" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coronae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E2767FF6ADF9A96DDF497765C3BD1BEC" italics="true">P. coronae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5D3F0049CE904FEF9FAC0276971E570" authorityName="Hershler & Longley" authorityYear="1986" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Balconorbis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="968C3776F31A22BFE552DFEC0724C69E" italics="true">Balconorbis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but this is far from certain.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5282453526095D8306EA8226175085A6">
|
||||
In the
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EXUBI" xlink_title="Edwards-Trinity Aquifer Systems">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="086C108282E567554B08FF65DE6D50E6">ETAS</collectionCode>
|
||||
</abbrev>
|
||||
and nearby aquifers, there are members of the cochliopid fauna with depressed or subtrochoid shells that are also known only from shell or shell + anatomical descriptions and not represented in our phylogeny (e. g.,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BF91C31087730383D05D01DF9E251297" authorityName="D. W. Taylor" authorityYear="1966" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Coahuilix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="AF0E6203F874EB5D3B0D09D153FD49E1" italics="true">Coahuilix</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CAB39D28B00892701909A9B492CEC518" class="Gastropoda" family="Lithoglyphidae" genus="Phreatomascogos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9541DE81A5EEFB6CB8D11402AB2B449A" italics="true">Phreatomascogos</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). We compare some key features of these species in Table
|
||||
<tableCitation id="D99562C13C3A3884E9B7D3E81E5434F9" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Comparison of morphological features of B. coronae and other similar genera from the region." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/01422E9FEE28FA78BD83A0DEAA2B265E" tableUuid="01422E9FEE28FA78BD83A0DEAA2B265E">2</tableCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B95535B82830886514A2606562996010" authorityName="D. W. Taylor" authorityYear="1966" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Coahuilix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A3EA3F35D3E856F83CFD04659EEE6D45" italics="true">Coahuilix</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is diagnosed by raised riblets on the teleoconch, a flared aperture, and a flat, incised spire. In contrast,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6B75000EAE23E08A352F28D4D835FCBD" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coronae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A022BC6858AC57EE884018BF873A5B" italics="true">B. coronae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
lack all these features.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DE799E0FEE3F5F3B8F05A9285F71B30C" class="Gastropoda" family="Lithoglyphidae" genus="Phreatomascogos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A000DD23502B91912A11A944B3191C56" italics="true">Phreatomascogos</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has prominent keels, an unraised spire, a campanulate operculum, and a relatively closed umbilicus. In contrast,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FB1684454150510DC6E2B1695FE4BD1D" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coronae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="51F44363663F157C15AFB0D07E98883C" italics="true">B. coronae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is unkeeled, has a raised spire, a round operculum, and an umbilicus that is the width of several whorls.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="01422E9FEE28FA78BD83A0DEAA2B265E" ID-Table-UUID="01422E9FEE28FA78BD83A0DEAA2B265E" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/01422E9FEE28FA78BD83A0DEAA2B265E" startId="T2" targetIsTable="true">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6E9167FB28F0A1D5395776DCB4A4D0E1">
|
||||
<label id="7ADCBB66C9E9131DD20F98A7AA11E800">Table 2.</label>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E5B2D7ECA326CC3A66A552AEA5BF3064">
|
||||
Comparison of morphological features of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="676D6232E1E9546D29A1F01AC31E15E6" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coronae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="174515A4A7DAB3E15319BC6CED8474C6" italics="true">B. coronae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and other similar genera from the region.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C0AFDB1F78A3E56EF7528C900D095CC8">
|
||||
<table id="TID0ED5BI" rules="all">
|
||||
<tbody id="6D4CA9C6CF489174DFA79FABA05AB00A">
|
||||
<tr id="1F09DDC353580F6A0032C18DBED1A863">
|
||||
<th id="110A86D2C9ECC82E127372A1096FC2BB" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Morphological features</th>
|
||||
<emphasis id="9025DB2677598DC361ACD378D9B8F19F" italics="true">
|
||||
<th id="A9B8DFCA8AD2A6F00725A7E83AFD999B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92A9BA9A7D3E5E5B2B4DB3F8B2BA262E" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coronae">B. coronae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="6219A311780098E992D8C2E4C51AB9CF" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1D3A577BFE3DD9953B5454F79244B49E" authorityName="Hershler & Longley" authorityYear="1986" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Balconorbis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Balconorbis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="34D112CB87D784248041B6D35F4DC2CF" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B9082ED9ABE65E74E6F2D6A0674C449E" authorityName="D. W. Taylor" authorityYear="1966" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Coahuilix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Coahuilix</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="54C901F460CC1C2430AE343685637EA0" authority="Size" class="Gastropoda" family="Lithoglyphidae" genus="Phreatomascogos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<th id="1535FF43B1D2B4C8CD4BFFB731CFF3D1" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Phreatomascogos</th>
|
||||
<tr id="9ED8424503631D9FC5DFF581548C0497">
|
||||
<td id="76528221B6F6F5C351739C964C9879A2" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Size</td>
|
||||
<td id="DA6B78CBF6062A8AF42F0C50322E5CEF" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Minute</td>
|
||||
<td id="3F451AE2D66ECE74F3B4B20BDE4B93BA" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Minute</td>
|
||||
<td id="4AAC80FA67346347172158024E1555BD" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Minute</td>
|
||||
<td id="3D092AD59C69B7B67C8EF1F11B04EBEF" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Minute</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="5282523B56DFB0EEB5A20E908A2F4913">
|
||||
<td id="223752CAD50D722767F76347A0A19769" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Shape</td>
|
||||
<td id="221435AD7922D171CED9FE181E33FED0" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Near-planispiral to low-trochoid</td>
|
||||
<td id="F039E2761F2F25193E0D907B569A5237" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Planispiral</td>
|
||||
<td id="FD5414AD636DBF63775AA6634C1DEE6A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">planispiral</td>
|
||||
<td id="F655C2F1B97346D4D3C7DE57976E298E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Valvatiform to low trochoid to low conical</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="16BAE127D35C0387A7BA91C3ECC1057A">
|
||||
<td id="D5E1D070DB844FD8735953AC1CDC4E1F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Protoconch sculpture</td>
|
||||
<td id="CF8949204098F3F578F75193124A3BBA" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Wrinkles, pitted</td>
|
||||
<td id="93827D25DC5F8A23A5678555EB379929" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Wrinkles, pitted and / or spiral lines</td>
|
||||
<td id="1331838A8167962340ECAA6E38F0183B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Punctate, coarsely wrinkled</td>
|
||||
<td id="0B906C106DB2356708DC9DC8C361E5EA" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Smooth</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="D3D3E560E430AE3074CBC53C7289C5C1">
|
||||
<td id="B1AAF06EE7F53F3CCB52F5F097A7B70F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Protoconch position</td>
|
||||
<td id="36A17EDBCD44078EC19A2D9580B7908C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Raised, uncoiled</td>
|
||||
<td id="8A68C0DD951CBFE7A6FF8F4995C391BD" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Slightly depressed</td>
|
||||
<td id="2B876682D157DEDB4BBCFE1872425BED" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Slightly depressed to moderately protruding</td>
|
||||
<td id="444BC3796C23F145A4F5FBBD11269D3C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Slightly depressed</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="0F78AD575082A53A7B4F78CD1FF2EE1E">
|
||||
<td id="8D6B16827F7C293BE3736B051E0E6BCC" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Teleoconch sculpture</td>
|
||||
<td id="326F8E6B1F504BA7D56230B61A07AE95" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Spiral lines, longitudinal lines, lamelliform costae</td>
|
||||
<td id="BBA6AE24006D6878398EC011C66E5854" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Spiral lines</td>
|
||||
<td id="19C45BA624A8E642C747A28BE9F035EB" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Smooth</td>
|
||||
<td id="08506C9C3C03FF89F7B9C9959357CACC" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Longitudinal keel</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="6FA4764408FE90679B71AE00B6D83165">
|
||||
<td id="7B9F04438BC7081189743BA41B7B79A5" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Operculum</td>
|
||||
<td id="D910C8A3EB43A7F27272ED30B2084791" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Nucleus raised into a peg</td>
|
||||
<td id="3C7202C5976FF29A5287CF2E09791A93" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Raised nucleus</td>
|
||||
<td id="50E754B54986BD13A7CC1D1A236F4DC3" colspan="1" rowspan="1">No peg</td>
|
||||
<td id="8D168B9DF050E99181601398025DA4FB" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Campanulate</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="A4E56ED5C230BFA62711A0A88ADA117A">
|
||||
<td id="4212882AA58A7C15017DE3894A6EC456" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Ctenidium</td>
|
||||
<td id="4EE6EBFB10C9CCF56EEAB885DF93469E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
|
||||
<td id="0A5939AF40E9AB6562E4A10F88A62154" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
|
||||
<td id="B352E347F0290F756443642E61EA917B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Absent or nearly absent</td>
|
||||
<td id="420D2080EA0C68815AF09FEFEC886E80" colspan="1" rowspan="1">unknown</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="D2E4638B95C0DB2276B5B41E86228F40">
|
||||
<td id="068756520309568E4B4DD4D73BA50D58" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Penial shape</td>
|
||||
<td id="EB507D48095B3CA3603EAE0A1C6A7A85" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Coiling on right side of neck, filament 1 / 3 length, tapering distally.</td>
|
||||
<td id="B0288DC66DDECD07C5A6DA49F7F38EAA" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Slender, uncoiled, filament 1 / 3 of length, tapering distally</td>
|
||||
<td id="B5EBE739F26861B6A564953EF2B39C13" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Filament 1 / 3 of length, tapering distally</td>
|
||||
<td id="646379780C0CCC68F96686D3034A4704" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Unknown</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="C9A18A968687FEF4DBAB5A5AC7B94C81">
|
||||
<td id="B3E0D0521FD3C5DB7B506002BD369D3E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Penial glands</td>
|
||||
<td id="ECC2883A8731472B6E12D4590782BBD5" colspan="1" rowspan="1">No apocrine gland</td>
|
||||
<td id="EFE11F0FB030E68B159141F4CA443FFE" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Single apocrine gland</td>
|
||||
<td id="41742CFF0119E2BDF4EC08E0B2D1765F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Single apocrine gland</td>
|
||||
<td id="DA327D8C9BBCEF808FCB2721AD7E4270" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Unknown</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="1AF2EDD1473060706BF07020B3200D84">
|
||||
<td id="FE2DBDA2CC3E5C03C01A953015ECD2F4" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Vas deferens</td>
|
||||
<td id="E0A62DC28B015E7259AF9A9DA7AF532A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Does not undulate in penis</td>
|
||||
<td id="438BCFA48E834CC4CC79DB74D05495C0" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Does not undulate in penis</td>
|
||||
<td id="AD76D69A7065F5F93A2BC53AD525E615" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Undescribed</td>
|
||||
<td id="29FB54C4219CEC657352C43D5322DEB0" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Unknown</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="BAFBDEC1EEE740A9FDB529854A802147">
|
||||
<td id="FBC38DB66D90D1B188B94D5EF0C52DAB" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Female reproductive traits</td>
|
||||
<td id="819B3D0180A9E76BBB0B569219E1696C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Sperm pouch not observed, but description of female reproductive tract limited due to lack of material</td>
|
||||
<td id="6838C0EC50F54E7D8DB296A4BEBDDC5D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Absence of sperm pouches</td>
|
||||
<td id="12DD2A22749E82486D4FEBA801D6E90E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Sperm storage site in posterior albumen gland</td>
|
||||
<td id="6EEF8ABE2E1F3B8805AAD68D49D1496C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Unknown</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="729599D5DC36A7F11850142AA87E088E">
|
||||
Although our evidence is inconclusive about whether
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D3BA43FB6E17154745E42A383971F0CA" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coronae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2DB1B4E6E1F2AA1B1604094E73BC583B" italics="true">P. coronae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a member of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="37F78568214E976F07E73B59E10E5647" authorityName="Hershler & Longley" authorityYear="1986" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Balconorbis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0B33A7E92D9C49BBDDB5A96BD41C1437" italics="true">Balconorbis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
or a new genus, it seems more conservative to move the species to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="296944AC2DD374BCCB74B36A256674D8" authorityName="Hershler & Longley" authorityYear="1986" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Balconorbis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2BD82EEA4A6E1197946A450424C4AC1E" italics="true">Balconorbis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
rather than erecting a new genus at this time. Lacking strong support in the phylogeny and DNA sequences of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="108744766A7F1912CFE3773A056060F0" authorityName="Czaja, Cardoza-Martinez & Estrada-Rodriguez" authorityYear="2019" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Balconorbis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sabinasensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0F6C647DBE7FB7326D8D0E8F2BA1F594" italics="true">Balconorbis sabinasensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and other Mexican taxa, the affinity of this species is not fully resolved. It is clear though that it is not a member of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A31781D8896889B8D2CCAD9904B5C7FF" authorityName="Hershler & Longley" authorityYear="1986" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4B377AE4CD482B6B871677BF03ED24F9" italics="true">Phreatodrobia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. We propose the new combination
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8F295F553D690CAE32AD9D0755018EB9" authorityName="Perez & Saenz & Guerrero & Gonzalez & Guerrero & Diaz & Hutchins & Schwartz" authorityYear="2025" baseAuthorityName="Hershler" baseAuthorityYear="1987" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Balconorbis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coronae" status="comb. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C9DF4C9EA56601A7500360855C562E66" italics="true">Balconorbis coronae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CBDCCBACFE6A2CE975887B8DF276E17D" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
with the understanding that the inclusion of more resolved DNA data and more thorough sampling of the region, especially in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F9E8E74099C2ECBC1D1F3DAE8F45C0F5" name="Mexico">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, will likely shed additional light on these relationships in the future.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EFACI" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="090E69C1E92FF8080A021BDDA8932B7B">
|
||||
<heading id="6B0214BC8CF03220CDE61924C3365EE0" reason="title">Ecology and habitat.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="AA2F8810DDACBCF09F3C31F9839E2732">
|
||||
Habitat and associated fauna for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E6FD87BA8527C220EB2778C7075CE07A" authorityName="Perez & Saenz & Guerrero & Gonzalez & Guerrero & Diaz & Hutchins & Schwartz" authorityYear="2025" baseAuthorityName="Hershler" baseAuthorityYear="1987" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Balconorbis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coronae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7E7F0FF05C4C7F334C701FBFF06D8849" italics="true">Balconorbis coronae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
localities is similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8D32230EB99A33EDA52C50EE0796F8B1" authorityName="Perez & Saenz & Guerrero & Gonzalez & Guerrero & Diaz & Hutchins & Schwartz" authorityYear="2025" baseAuthorityName="Pilsbry & Ferris" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Texapyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="diaboli">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DD8F2EB0C619772655DA72C29A682F7B" italics="true">Texapyrgus diaboli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, as they are found in many of the same springs in the Devils River watershed.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="52D8268FF46B92160AA2E3AC2F076B35" authorityName="Perez & Saenz & Guerrero & Gonzalez & Guerrero & Diaz & Hutchins & Schwartz" authorityYear="2025" baseAuthorityName="Hershler" baseAuthorityYear="1987" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Balconorbis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coronae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7D0DBC9F7463417019BF30DB597190EB" italics="true">Balconorbis coronae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was collected from spring drift net samples with water chemistry values ranging from 15.06–23.28 ° C, pH 6.49–7.4, conductivity of 366.3–608.8 μS / cm, and dissolved oxygen of
|
||||
<quantity id="B1623CDF720E3BF8C2F4A284C4FF69A2" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.4" metricValueMax="8.47" metricValueMin="4.33" unit="mg" value="6.4" valueMax="8.47" valueMin="4.33">4.33–8.47 mg</quantity>
|
||||
/ L.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
170
data/8C/4B/A0/8C4BA038FFA4324EFED6FC616A8477A0.xml
Normal file
170
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|
|
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|
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<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFA4324EFED6FC6168B9707E" box="[334,437,1016,1037]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="73">NARELLA</emphasis>
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|
||||
, 1870
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="4CF842A5FFA4324EFF09FBAF68E1726D" pageId="3" pageNumber="73" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFA4324EFF09FBAF68F67134" blockId="3.[145,762,1078,1560]" pageId="3" pageNumber="73">
|
||||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="24F23600FFA4324EFF09FBAF68F67134" pageId="3" pageNumber="73">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFA4324EFF09FBAF689C703E" ID-CoL="84QPH" authority="Gray, 1870: 49" authorityName="GRAY" authorityPageNumber="49" authorityYear="1870" box="[145,400,1078,1099]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="73" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFA4324EFF09FBAF69E4703E" box="[145,232,1078,1099]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="73">Narella</emphasis>
|
||||
Gray, 1870: 49
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. –
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="60736CDFFFA4324EFE35FBAE6B3D7039" author="Bayer FM" box="[429,561,1078,1100]" pageId="3" pageNumber="73" refId="ref13989" refString="Bayer FM. 1956. Octocorallia. In: Moore RC, ed. Treatise on Invertebrate Palaeontology. Lawrence, Kansas: University of Kansas Press. F 166 - F 189, F 192 - F 231." type="journal volume" year="1956">Bayer, 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: F222, fig. 159(5). – 1961: 295 [illustrated key to genus]. –
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="8543373FFFA4324EFDF6FBCC69DE70FC" author="Bayer FM" page="937" pageId="3" pageNumber="73" year="1981">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="60736CDFFFA4324EFDF6FBCC69DE70FC" author="Bayer FM" pageId="3" pageNumber="73" pagination="902 - 947" refId="ref14064" refString="Bayer FM. 1981. Key to genera of Octocorallia exclusive of Pennatulacea (Coelenterata: Anthozoa), with diagnosis of new taxa. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 94: 902-947." type="journal article" year="1981">Bayer, 1981: 937</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
[key to genus]. –
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="8543373FFFA4324EFE0AFBED6BCE70FC" author="Bayer FM & Stefani J" box="[402,706,1139,1161]" page="455" pageId="3" pageNumber="73" year="1989">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="60736CDFFFA4324EFE0AFBED6BCE70FC" author="Bayer FM & Stefani J" box="[402,706,1139,1161]" pageId="3" pageNumber="73" pagination="449 - 518" refId="ref14102" refString="Bayer FM, Stefani J. 1989. Primnoidae (Gorgonacea) De Nouvelle-Caledonie. Bulletin de Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, Serie 4 10: 449-518." type="journal article" year="1989">Bayer & Stefani, 1989: 455</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
[key to genus]. –
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="8543373FFFA4324EFEAEFB0B6B1170D2" author="Williams GC" box="[310,541,1170,1192]" page="272" pageId="3" pageNumber="73" year="1992">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="60736CDFFFA4324EFEAEFB0B6B1170D2" author="Williams GC" box="[310,541,1170,1192]" pageId="3" pageNumber="73" pagination="181 - 296" refId="ref15943" refString="Williams GC. 1992. The Alcyonacea of Southern Africa. Gorgonian corals. Annals of the South African Museum 101: 181-296." type="journal article" year="1992">Williams, 1992: 272</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
. –
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="8543373FFFA4324EFDA6FB0B685970B2" author="Cairns SD & Bayer FM" page="618" pageId="3" pageNumber="73" year="2003">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="60736CDFFFA4324EFDA6FB0B685970B2" author="Cairns SD & Bayer FM" pageId="3" pageNumber="73" pagination="617 - 648" refId="ref14354" refString="Cairns SD, Bayer FM. 2003. Studies on western Atlantic Octocorallia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa). Part 3: the genus Narella Gray, 1870. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 116: 617-648." type="journal article" year="2003">Cairns & Bayer, 2003: 618–619</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
; 2007: 84–86 [list of species]; 2008: 85–86 [key to Hawaiian species]; 2009: 43, figs. 14A–G [revision, list of species]. –
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="8543373FFFA4324EFDDEFB7768597157" author="Cairns SD & Baco A" page="392" pageId="3" pageNumber="73" year="2007">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="60736CDFFFA4324EFDDEFB7768597157" author="Cairns SD & Baco A" pageId="3" pageNumber="73" pagination="391 - 407" refId="ref14320" refString="Cairns SD, Baco A. 2007. Review and five new Alaskan species of the deep-water octocoral Narella (Octocorallia: Primnoidae). Systematics and Biodiversity 5: 391-407." type="journal article" year="2007">Cairns & Baco, 2007: 392–393</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
[list of species]. –
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="8543373FFFA4324EFDAEFA946BF47157" author="Cairns SD" box="[566,760,1293,1315]" page="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="73" year="2012">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="60736CDFFFA4324EFDAEFA946BF47157" author="Cairns SD" box="[566,760,1293,1315]" pageId="3" pageNumber="73" pagination="1 - 126" refId="ref14263" refString="Cairns SD. 2012. The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: New Zealand Primnoidae (Anthozoa: Alcyonacea). Part 1. Genera Narella, Narelloides, Metanarella, Calyptrophora, and Helicoprimnoa NIWA Biodiversity Memoir. Wellington: NIWA (National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd), 1-126." type="book chapter" year="2012">Cairns, 2012: 14</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
[key to
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="7CF551BEFFA4324EFF65FAB5689F7134" box="[253,403,1323,1345]" name="New Zealand" pageId="3" pageNumber="73">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||||
species].
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFA4324EFF09FAD36BD37115" blockId="3.[145,762,1078,1560]" box="[145,735,1354,1376]" pageId="3" pageNumber="73">
|
||||
Not
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFA4324EFF5AFAD368F3712A" authority="Bargatzky, 1881" authorityName="Bargatzky" authorityYear="1881" box="[194,511,1354,1376]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Stachyodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="73" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFA4324EFF5AFAD3684D712A" box="[194,321,1354,1375]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="73">Stachyodes</emphasis>
|
||||
Bargatzky, 1881
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[a stromatoporoid].
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFA4324EFF09FAF06BF671AE" blockId="3.[145,762,1078,1560]" pageId="3" pageNumber="73">
|
||||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="24F23600FFA4324EFF09FAF06BF671AE" pageId="3" pageNumber="73">
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="8543373FFFA4324EFF09FAF06B6A710B" author="Wright EP & Studer T" box="[145,614,1385,1407]" page="49" pageId="3" pageNumber="73" year="1889">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFA4324EFF09FAF06B6A710B" authority="Wright & Studer, 1889: 49" authorityName="Wright & Studer" authorityPageNumber="49" authorityYear="1889" box="[145,614,1385,1407]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Stachyodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="73" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFA4324EFF09FAF0681B710B" box="[145,279,1385,1406]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="73">Stachyodes</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="60736CDFFFA4324EFEB8FAF06B6A710B" author="Wright EP & Studer T" box="[288,614,1385,1407]" pageId="3" pageNumber="73" pagination="1 - 314" refId="ref15969" refString="Wright EP, Studer T. 1889. Report on the Alcyonaria Collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the Years 1873 - 76 Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the Years 1873 - 76, Zoology. 1-314." type="book chapter" year="1889">Wright & Studer, 1889: 49</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
. –
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="8543373FFFA4324EFD13FAF0683F71E8" author="Versluys J" page="86" pageId="3" pageNumber="73" year="1906">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="60736CDFFFA4324EFD13FAF0683F71E8" author="Versluys J" pageId="3" pageNumber="73" pagination="1 - 187" refId="ref15865" refString="Versluys J. 1906. Die Gorgoniden Der Siboga - Expedition Siboga-Expeditie. 1-187." type="book chapter" year="1906">Versluys, 1906: 86–88</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
. –
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="8543373FFFA4324EFECAFA1E6B5571E8" author="Kinoshita K" box="[338,601,1415,1437]" page="45" pageId="3" pageNumber="73" year="1908">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="60736CDFFFA4324EFECAFA1E6B5571E8" author="Kinoshita K" box="[338,601,1415,1437]" pageId="3" pageNumber="73" pagination="1 - 74" refId="ref14719" refString="Kinoshita K. 1908. Primnoidae von Japan. Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University, Tokyo, Japan 23: 1-74." type="journal article" year="1908">Kinoshita, 1908: 45–47</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
. –
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="8543373FFFA4324EFDE0FA1E685971C9" author="Kukenthal W" page="325" pageId="3" pageNumber="73" year="1912">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="60736CDFFFA4324EFDE0FA1E685971C9" author="Kukenthal W" pageId="3" pageNumber="73" pagination="289 - 349" refId="ref14747" refString="Kukenthal W. 1912. Die Alcyonaria Der Deutschen Sudpolar, Expedition 1901 - 1903 Deutsche Sudpolar Expedition 1901 - 1903, Zoologie. 289-349." type="book chapter" year="1912">Kükenthal, 1912: 325–328</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
. –
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="8543373FFFA4324EFEEEFA3F6B2C71C9" author="Kukenthal W" box="[374,544,1446,1468]" page="452" pageId="3" pageNumber="73" year="1919">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="60736CDFFFA4324EFEEEFA3F6B2C71C9" author="Kukenthal W" box="[374,544,1446,1468]" pageId="3" pageNumber="73" pagination="1 - 946" refId="ref14794" refString="Kukenthal W. 1919. Gorgonaria Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutschen Tiefsee - Expedition auf dem Dampfer " Valdivia " 1898 - 1899. 1-946." type="book chapter" year="1919">1919: 452–456</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
[key to genus and species]. – 1924: 308–309 [key to genus and species].
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFA4324EFF09FA7A68E1726D" blockId="3.[145,762,1078,1560]" pageId="3" pageNumber="73">
|
||||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="24F23600FFA4324EFF09FA7A68E1726D" pageId="3" pageNumber="73">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFA4324EFF09FA7A68E0718C" authority="Wright & Studer" authorityName="Wright & Studer" box="[145,492,1507,1529]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calypterinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="73" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFA4324EFF09FA7A6828718D" box="[145,292,1507,1528]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="73">Calypterinus</emphasis>
|
||||
Wright & Studer
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="8543373FFFA4324EFD89FA7A6BF9718C" author="Studer T" box="[529,757,1507,1529]" page="49" pageId="3" pageNumber="73" year="1887">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="60736CDFFFA4324EFD89FA7A6BF9718C" author="Studer T" box="[529,757,1507,1529]" pageId="3" pageNumber="73" pagination="1 - 74" refId="ref15704" refString="Studer T. 1887. Versuch Eines Systemes der Alcyonaria. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 53: 1-74." type="journal article" year="1887">Studer, 1887: 49–60</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
. –
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="8543373FFFA4324EFF24F99B68E6726D" author="Wright EP & Studer T" box="[188,490,1538,1560]" page="53" pageId="3" pageNumber="73" year="1889">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="60736CDFFFA4324EFF24F99B68E6726D" author="Wright EP & Studer T" box="[188,490,1538,1560]" pageId="3" pageNumber="73" pagination="1 - 314" refId="ref15969" refString="Wright EP, Studer T. 1889. Report on the Alcyonaria Collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the Years 1873 - 76 Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the Years 1873 - 76, Zoology. 1-314." type="book chapter" year="1889">Wright & Studer, 1889: 53</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="4CF842A5FFA4324EFF09F9D86A8477A0" pageId="3" pageNumber="73" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFA4324EFF09F9D868E07200" blockId="3.[145,760,1601,1653]" pageId="3" pageNumber="73">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFA4324EFF09F9D868217223" box="[145,301,1601,1622]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="73">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="DB59AF8CFFA4324EFF09F9D869C77223" box="[145,203,1601,1622]" pageId="3" pageNumber="73">Type</typeStatus>
|
||||
species
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFA4324EFED8F9D868477200" authority="Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860" authorityName="Duchassaing & Michelotti" authorityYear="1860" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="73" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="regularis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFA4324EFED8F9D86B277223" box="[320,555,1601,1622]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="73">Primnoa regularis</emphasis>
|
||||
Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, by monotypy.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFA4324EFF09F9066A8477A0" blockId="3.[145,762,1694,1900]" lastBlockId="3.[809,1425,683,981]" pageId="3" pageNumber="73">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFA4324EFF09F906685472C6" box="[145,344,1694,1716]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="73">Diagnosis (from</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="60736CDFFFA4324EFEFBF9076B0D72C6" author="Cairns SD" box="[355,513,1694,1716]" pageId="3" pageNumber="73" pagination="1 - 126" refId="ref14263" refString="Cairns SD. 2012. The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: New Zealand Primnoidae (Anthozoa: Alcyonacea). Part 1. Genera Narella, Narelloides, Metanarella, Calyptrophora, and Helicoprimnoa NIWA Biodiversity Memoir. Wellington: NIWA (National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd), 1-126." type="book chapter" year="2012">Cairns, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFA4324EFD95F9066BFE72C6" box="[525,754,1694,1716]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="73">– changes in bold)</emphasis>
|
||||
: Colonies
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFA4324EFF63F924684572A7" bold="true" box="[251,329,1725,1746]" pageId="3" pageNumber="73">lyrate</emphasis>
|
||||
, dichotomously branched, pinnate or unbranched (flagelliform). Polyps arranged in whorls, with polyps always facing downwards. Polyps covered by three (rarely four) pairs of abaxial body-wall scales (1 pair of basals, 1–2 pairs of medials and 1 pair of buccals), 1–3 pairs of much smaller adaxial body-wall scales, and sometimes additional scattered adaxial scales, nonetheless resulting in a partially naked adaxial face;
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFA4324EFB80FD706D45768B" bold="true" box="[1048,1097,745,766]" pageId="3" pageNumber="73">two</emphasis>
|
||||
species also have unpaired infrabasal scales. Distal margins of body-wall scales often spinose, toothed or lobate, sometimes extending as a protective buccal cowl. Opercular scales usually prominently keeled. Coenenchymal scales arranged in one
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFA4324EFC18FC1B6AD677E2" bold="true" box="[896,986,898,919]" pageId="3" pageNumber="73">or two</emphasis>
|
||||
layers, often quite thick and often ridged. Flattened, curved tentacular platelets often present.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
321
data/8C/4B/A0/8C4BA038FFAB3242FEBDF94C68EB7691.xml
Normal file
321
data/8C/4B/A0/8C4BA038FFAB3242FEBDF94C68EB7691.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,321 @@
|
|||
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|
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<mods:identifier id="C8B5A1D776136186353D547E8D129A83" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="5F0714E2E9E56543BBE1D0AE686E73E7" type="ZooBank">B0CAB95-20E6-494C-ACAD-ABE7CEC63C95</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="8C4BA038FFAB3242FEBDF94C68EB7691" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14805560" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14805560" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8C4BA038FFAB3242FEBDF94C68EB7691" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8C4BA038FFAB3242FEBDF94C68EB7691" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="4CF842A5FFAB3241FEBDF94C6B847298" box="[293,648,1749,1773]" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFAB3241FEBDF94C6B847298" blockId="12.[293,648,1749,1773]" box="[293,648,1749,1773]" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<heading id="5F15A642FFAB3241FEBDF94C6B847298" box="[293,648,1749,1773]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" reason="2">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFAB3241FEBDF94C6B12729E" ID-CoL="45PNP" authorityName="Taylor & Rogers" authorityYear="2017" box="[293,542,1749,1772]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="valentine" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="02BB87F2FFAB3241FEBDF94C6899729E" baselines="1766,1766" box="[293,405,1749,1772]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Narella" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">NARELLA</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="02BB87F2FFAB3241FE04F9416B12729E" baselines="1766" box="[412,542,1752,1771]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="valentine" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">VALENTINE</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAB3241FDBDF9416B847298" bold="true" box="[549,648,1749,1773]" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2DA57047FFAB3241FDBDF9416B847298" box="[549,648,1749,1773]" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" rank="species">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="02BB87F2FFAB3241FDBDF9416B4E729E" baselines="1766" box="[549,578,1752,1771]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="sp" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">SP</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="02BB87F2FFAB3241FDC8F9416B8D729E" baselines="1766" box="[592,641,1752,1771]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="nov" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">NOV</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="4CF842A5FFAB3242FE1DF96268EB7691" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFAB3241FE1DF9626B247361" blockId="12.[389,552,1787,1812]" box="[389,552,1787,1812]" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFAB3241FE15F96268E67361" box="[397,490,1787,1812]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[163,242,689,711]" captionTargetBox="[167,775,195,649]" captionTargetId="figure-770@2.[167,775,195,649]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. New species in situ. (a) Narella valentine sp. nov.; (b) Primnoa bisquama sp. nov., pink colony within Goniocorella dumosa framework; (c) Narella candidae sp. nov.; (d) yellow whip colony, Primnoeides flagellum sp. nov. Images taken by the Kiel 6000 on JC066." pageId="12" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="02BB87F2FFAB3241FE15F96268CF7366" baselines="1806,1806" box="[397,451,1787,1812]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Figs" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">FIGS</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
2A
|
||||
</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFAB3241FE60F9646B0A7367" box="[504,518,1789,1810]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[145,224,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[241,1329,195,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-28@13.[241,1329,195,1734]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Colony, whorls and polyps of Narella valentine sp. nov.: (a) close-up of branchlet; (b) colony; (c) cowl view of polyp; (d) lateral view of whorl; (e) lateral view of polyp; (f) posterior view of whorl and in situ coenenchymal scales; (g) anterior view of whorl." pageId="12" pageNumber="82">8</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFAB3241FD8AF9646B2C7367" box="[530,544,1789,1810]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="14.[163,243,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[259,1347,195,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[259,1347,195,1734]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 9. Sclerites of Narella valentine sp. nov.: (a, c–f) inner surface of opercular; (g) outer surface of opercular; (b) side view of opercular keel; (h, i) buccal scales; (j–m) medial scales; (n–p) basal scales; (q) coenenchymal scales; (r) smaller coenenchymal scales; (s) close-up of inner surface of a coenenchymal scale." pageId="12" pageNumber="82">9</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFAB3241FF3BF8BD6DBD756C" blockId="12.[163,778,1828,1911]" lastBlockId="12.[827,1443,198,282]" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAB3241FF3BF8BD6882734C" box="[163,398,1828,1849]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="B48A1B73FFAB3241FE38F8BD6AE274AE" collectingDate="2011-12" collectionCode="NHMUK, JC" elevation="413" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" specimenCode="NHMUK 2016.34, JC66-3807" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="DB59AF8CFFAB3241FE38F8BD6B03734F" box="[416,527,1828,1850]" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
–
|
||||
<specimenCode id="5444B955FFAB3241FDABF8BD6A05734F" box="[563,777,1828,1850]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" type="Museum">NHMUK 2016.34</specimenCode>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<specimenCode id="5444B955FFAB3241FF33F8DB6826732D" box="[171,298,1858,1880]" collectionCode="JC" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">JC66-3807</specimenCode>
|
||||
), RRS
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAB3241FEE2F8DA6B097322" box="[378,517,1858,1880]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">James Cook</emphasis>
|
||||
, sta. 7, ev. 10, Sapmer Bank, 36°48′10.284′S, 52°06′55.706′E,
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFAB3241FDE6F8F86A0A7302" box="[638,774,1889,1911]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.135" metricValueMax="4.4399999999999995" metricValueMin="3.8299999999999996" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" unit="m" value="413.5" valueMax="444.0" valueMin="383.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="8FCFF61DFFAB3241FDE6F8F86A0A7302" box="[638,774,1889,1911]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.135" metricValueMax="4.4399999999999995" metricValueMin="3.8299999999999996" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" unit="m" value="413.5" valueMax="444.0" valueMin="383.0">383–444 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="705C37EEFFAB3241FCA3FF5F6AE274AE" box="[827,1006,198,220]" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" value="2011-12">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="6018CE06FFAB3241FCA3FF5F6AE274AE" box="[827,1006,198,220]" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" value="2011-12">December 2011</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="B48A1B73FFAB3241FC61FF5E6A70748F" collectionCode="NHMUK, JC" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" specimenCode="NHMUK 2016.35, JC066- 3808" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="DB59AF8CFFAB3241FC61FF5E6D6374A9" box="[1017,1135,199,220]" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<specimenCode id="5444B955FFAB3241FBE1FF5E6C4E74A9" box="[1145,1346,198,220]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" type="Museum">NHMUK 2016.35</specimenCode>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<specimenCode id="5444B955FFAB3241FAC9FF5F6A78748F" collectionCode="JC" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">JC066- 3808</specimenCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="B48A1B73FFAB3241FC1EFF7C6DE0748E" box="[902,1260,229,251]" collectionCode="NHMUK, JC" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" specimenCode="NHMUK 2016.36, JC066-3813" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<specimenCode id="5444B955FFAB3241FC1EFF7C6D40748E" box="[902,1100,229,251]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" type="Museum">NHMUK 2016.36</specimenCode>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<specimenCode id="5444B955FFAB3241FBC1FF7C6DE8748E" box="[1113,1252,229,251]" collectionCode="JC" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">JC066-3813</specimenCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
, same details as
|
||||
<typeStatus id="DB59AF8CFFAB3241FCA3FE9D6A92756F" box="[827,926,260,282]" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
. SEM stubs –
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="B48A1B73FFAB3241FBA7FE9A6DA2756C" box="[1087,1198,259,281]" collectionCode="T" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" specimenCode="T149-150" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<specimenCode id="5444B955FFAB3241FBA7FE9A6DA2756C" box="[1087,1198,259,281]" collectionCode="T" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">T149-150</specimenCode>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFAB3241FCA3FEDA6C7A7665" blockId="12.[827,1444,322,1295]" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAB3241FCA3FEDA6AB1752D" box="[827,957,323,344]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">Description</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<typeStatus id="DB59AF8CFFAB3241FC5FFEDB6D21752D" box="[967,1069,322,344]" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
uniplanar,
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFAB3241FB33FEDB6DE0752D" box="[1195,1260,322,344]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" unit="cm" value="32.0">32 cm</quantity>
|
||||
tall,
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFAB3241FABAFEDB6C6F752D" box="[1314,1379,322,344]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" unit="cm" value="17.0">17 cm</quantity>
|
||||
wide, with true lyrate branching and rare secondary dichotomous branching, terminal branches generally long (
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAB3241FCDBFE066A8375C1" box="[835,911,415,436]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">in situ</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFAB3241FC05FE076AFF75C6" box="[925,1011,414,436]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[163,242,689,711]" captionTargetBox="[167,775,195,649]" captionTargetId="figure-770@2.[167,775,195,649]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. New species in situ. (a) Narella valentine sp. nov.; (b) Primnoa bisquama sp. nov., pink colony within Goniocorella dumosa framework; (c) Narella candidae sp. nov.; (d) yellow whip colony, Primnoeides flagellum sp. nov. Images taken by the Kiel 6000 on JC066." pageId="12" pageNumber="82">Figs 2a</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFAB3241FB9AFE076D1175C1" box="[1026,1053,414,436]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[145,224,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[241,1329,195,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-28@13.[241,1329,195,1734]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Colony, whorls and polyps of Narella valentine sp. nov.: (a) close-up of branchlet; (b) colony; (c) cowl view of polyp; (d) lateral view of whorl; (e) lateral view of polyp; (f) posterior view of whorl and in situ coenenchymal scales; (g) anterior view of whorl." pageId="12" pageNumber="82">8b</figureCitation>
|
||||
), no holdfast. Polyps
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFAB3241FA82FE076CAE75C1" box="[1306,1442,414,436]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="1.65" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||||
tall (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFAB3241FCE8FE246AB075A6" box="[880,956,445,467]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[145,224,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[241,1329,195,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-28@13.[241,1329,195,1734]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Colony, whorls and polyps of Narella valentine sp. nov.: (a) close-up of branchlet; (b) colony; (c) cowl view of polyp; (d) lateral view of whorl; (e) lateral view of polyp; (f) posterior view of whorl and in situ coenenchymal scales; (g) anterior view of whorl." pageId="12" pageNumber="82">Fig. 8d</figureCitation>
|
||||
), 4–5 polyps per whorl on branchlets, main branches ~8 polyps per whorl, 15–16 whorls per
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFAB3241FAF5FE456CAF7584" box="[1389,1443,476,497]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
|
||||
of branchlet (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFAB3241FC4AFE636D13767A" box="[978,1055,506,528]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[145,224,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[241,1329,195,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-28@13.[241,1329,195,1734]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Colony, whorls and polyps of Narella valentine sp. nov.: (a) close-up of branchlet; (b) colony; (c) cowl view of polyp; (d) lateral view of whorl; (e) lateral view of polyp; (f) posterior view of whorl and in situ coenenchymal scales; (g) anterior view of whorl." pageId="12" pageNumber="82">Fig. 8a</figureCitation>
|
||||
), whorl diameter
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFAB3241FB72FE636C7E7665" box="[1258,1394,506,528]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5999999999999996" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="2.5999999999999996" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="2.4">2.4–2.8 mm</quantity>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFAB3241FCCBFD806D6E7692" blockId="12.[827,1444,322,1295]" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
Basal scales (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFAB3241FC68FD806D57765B" box="[1008,1115,537,559]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="14.[163,243,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[259,1347,195,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[259,1347,195,1734]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 9. Sclerites of Narella valentine sp. nov.: (a, c–f) inner surface of opercular; (g) outer surface of opercular; (b) side view of opercular keel; (h, i) buccal scales; (j–m) medial scales; (n–p) basal scales; (q) coenenchymal scales; (r) smaller coenenchymal scales; (s) close-up of inner surface of a coenenchymal scale." pageId="12" pageNumber="82">Fig. 9n–p</figureCitation>
|
||||
) modest size (
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFAB3241FA98FD806CAF765B" box="[1280,1443,537,559]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.45" metricValueMin="1.25" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="1.35" valueMax="1.45" valueMin="1.25">1.25–1.45 mm</quantity>
|
||||
tall) in comparison to medial scales (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFAB3241FA83FDAE6C9E7638" box="[1307,1426,567,589]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="14.[163,243,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[259,1347,195,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[259,1347,195,1734]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 9. Sclerites of Narella valentine sp. nov.: (a, c–f) inner surface of opercular; (g) outer surface of opercular; (b) side view of opercular keel; (h, i) buccal scales; (j–m) medial scales; (n–p) basal scales; (q) coenenchymal scales; (r) smaller coenenchymal scales; (s) close-up of inner surface of a coenenchymal scale." pageId="12" pageNumber="82">Fig. 9j–m</figureCitation>
|
||||
); 1:0.8:0.8 ratio of major body-wall scales. Basal scale distal edge peaked, joined to adjacent basal scale forming a sculpted cowl (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFAB3241FB86FD0A6D6B76DC" box="[1054,1127,659,681]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[145,224,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[241,1329,195,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-28@13.[241,1329,195,1734]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Colony, whorls and polyps of Narella valentine sp. nov.: (a) close-up of branchlet; (b) colony; (c) cowl view of polyp; (d) lateral view of whorl; (e) lateral view of polyp; (f) posterior view of whorl and in situ coenenchymal scales; (g) anterior view of whorl." pageId="12" pageNumber="82">Fig. 8c</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Outer basal scale surfaces have lateral crest or ridge. Basal scales form closed ring. No infrabasal scales.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFAB3241FCCBFD766C507736" blockId="12.[827,1444,322,1295]" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
Medial scales square-shaped (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFAB3241FB4FFD766C437770" box="[1239,1359,751,773]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="14.[163,243,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[259,1347,195,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[259,1347,195,1734]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 9. Sclerites of Narella valentine sp. nov.: (a, c–f) inner surface of opercular; (g) outer surface of opercular; (b) side view of opercular keel; (h, i) buccal scales; (j–m) medial scales; (n–p) basal scales; (q) coenenchymal scales; (r) smaller coenenchymal scales; (s) close-up of inner surface of a coenenchymal scale." pageId="12" pageNumber="82">Fig. 9j–m</figureCitation>
|
||||
), with peaked distal edge, rounded dorso-lateral edge, very slight curve to outer surface,
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFAB3241FB1FFCB46C2B7737" box="[1159,1319,813,835]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8999999999999995" metricValueMax="7.4" metricValueMin="6.4" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="0.69" valueMax="0.74" valueMin="0.64">0.64–0.74 mm</quantity>
|
||||
tall.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFAB3241FCCBFCD26D2677C8" blockId="12.[827,1444,322,1295]" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
Buccal scales ~
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFAB3241FC65FCD56D5E7714" box="[1021,1106,844,865]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
|
||||
tall with rounded distal edge, scale base and lateral edges straight (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFAB3241FB6EFCF36C5177F5" box="[1270,1373,874,896]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="14.[163,243,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[259,1347,195,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[259,1347,195,1734]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 9. Sclerites of Narella valentine sp. nov.: (a, c–f) inner surface of opercular; (g) outer surface of opercular; (b) side view of opercular keel; (h, i) buccal scales; (j–m) medial scales; (n–p) basal scales; (q) coenenchymal scales; (r) smaller coenenchymal scales; (s) close-up of inner surface of a coenenchymal scale." pageId="12" pageNumber="82">Fig. 9h, i</figureCitation>
|
||||
). One pair of square-to-oblong adaxial buccal scales cover adaxial side of polyp.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFAB3241FCCBFC5F6DBB7000" blockId="12.[827,1444,322,1295]" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
Operculum visible from lateral view, forming onethird of polyp height. Opercular scales reduce in size from abaxial to adaxial; generally
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFAB3241FB4CFB9A6C67706C" box="[1236,1387,1027,1049]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" metricValueMax="6.6" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="0.48" valueMax="0.66" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.66 mm</quantity>
|
||||
tall. Opercular scales wide with a lateral wing (
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFAB3241FADBFBBB6C92704D" box="[1347,1438,1058,1080]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFAB3241FCA3FBD86A8A7023" box="[827,902,1089,1111]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="14.[163,243,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[259,1347,195,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[259,1347,195,1734]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 9. Sclerites of Narella valentine sp. nov.: (a, c–f) inner surface of opercular; (g) outer surface of opercular; (b) side view of opercular keel; (h, i) buccal scales; (j–m) medial scales; (n–p) basal scales; (q) coenenchymal scales; (r) smaller coenenchymal scales; (s) close-up of inner surface of a coenenchymal scale." pageId="12" pageNumber="82">Fig. 9c</figureCitation>
|
||||
) or lanceolate-shaped (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFAB3241FB0CFBD86C227023" box="[1172,1326,1089,1111]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="14.[163,243,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[259,1347,195,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[259,1347,195,1734]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 9. Sclerites of Narella valentine sp. nov.: (a, c–f) inner surface of opercular; (g) outer surface of opercular; (b) side view of opercular keel; (h, i) buccal scales; (j–m) medial scales; (n–p) basal scales; (q) coenenchymal scales; (r) smaller coenenchymal scales; (s) close-up of inner surface of a coenenchymal scale." pageId="12" pageNumber="82">Fig. 9a, d, f, g</figureCitation>
|
||||
), strongly keeled (lateral keel view,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFAB3241FBC2FBC66DAB7000" box="[1114,1191,1119,1141]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="14.[163,243,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[259,1347,195,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[259,1347,195,1734]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 9. Sclerites of Narella valentine sp. nov.: (a, c–f) inner surface of opercular; (g) outer surface of opercular; (b) side view of opercular keel; (h, i) buccal scales; (j–m) medial scales; (n–p) basal scales; (q) coenenchymal scales; (r) smaller coenenchymal scales; (s) close-up of inner surface of a coenenchymal scale." pageId="12" pageNumber="82">Fig. 9b</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFAB3241FCCBFBE76DD5717A" blockId="12.[827,1444,322,1295]" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
Little coenenchyme visible as polyp whorls closely placed. One layer of long, thin coenenchymal scales (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFAB3241FCDCFB226A9570A4" box="[836,921,1211,1233]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="14.[163,243,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[259,1347,195,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[259,1347,195,1734]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 9. Sclerites of Narella valentine sp. nov.: (a, c–f) inner surface of opercular; (g) outer surface of opercular; (b) side view of opercular keel; (h, i) buccal scales; (j–m) medial scales; (n–p) basal scales; (q) coenenchymal scales; (r) smaller coenenchymal scales; (s) close-up of inner surface of a coenenchymal scale." pageId="12" pageNumber="82">Fig. 9q</figureCitation>
|
||||
), some smaller sclerites arranged around them (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFAB3241FC10FB436AD9709A" box="[904,981,1242,1264]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="14.[163,243,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[259,1347,195,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[259,1347,195,1734]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 9. Sclerites of Narella valentine sp. nov.: (a, c–f) inner surface of opercular; (g) outer surface of opercular; (b) side view of opercular keel; (h, i) buccal scales; (j–m) medial scales; (n–p) basal scales; (q) coenenchymal scales; (r) smaller coenenchymal scales; (s) close-up of inner surface of a coenenchymal scale." pageId="12" pageNumber="82">Fig. 9r</figureCitation>
|
||||
); outer surfaces ridged, inner granular (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFAB3241FCDBFB606A81717B" box="[835,909,1273,1295]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="14.[163,243,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[259,1347,195,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[259,1347,195,1734]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 9. Sclerites of Narella valentine sp. nov.: (a, c–f) inner surface of opercular; (g) outer surface of opercular; (b) side view of opercular keel; (h, i) buccal scales; (j–m) medial scales; (n–p) basal scales; (q) coenenchymal scales; (r) smaller coenenchymal scales; (s) close-up of inner surface of a coenenchymal scale." pageId="12" pageNumber="82">Fig. 9s</figureCitation>
|
||||
). No tentacular scales noted.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFAB3241FCA3FAA16D0B7119" blockId="12.[827,1443,1335,1388]" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAB3241FCA3FAA16D167139" box="[827,1050,1335,1357]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">Known distribution</emphasis>
|
||||
: Sapmer Bank, SW Indian Ocean,
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFAB3241FCA3FACF6AB47119" box="[827,952,1366,1388]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.135" metricValueMax="4.4399999999999995" metricValueMin="3.8299999999999996" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" unit="m" value="413.5" valueMax="444.0" valueMin="383.0">383–444 m</quantity>
|
||||
depth.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFAB3241FCA3FA0C6CA87236" blockId="12.[827,1444,1429,1604]" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAB3241FCA3FA0C6ABB71DF" box="[827,951,1429,1450]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||||
: Named in honour of Dr Taylor’s mother, Valerie, after her secret spy name, Valentine. And in honour of Dr Taylor’s sister, Claire, who was born on Valentine’s Day. As a non-Latin word, ‘valentine’, is treated as indeclinable under 31.2.3 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFAB3241FCA3F9F46C40734E" blockId="12.[827,1443,1645,1912]" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAB3241FCA3F9F46AD972F7" box="[827,981,1645,1666]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">Comparisons</emphasis>
|
||||
: As described in comparisons of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFAB3241FAC1F9F46A8472D5" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gilchristi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAB3241FAC1F9F46A8472D5" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">N. gilchristi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, lyrate branching occurs in just four species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFAB3241FCC1F9336ABF72CA" authorityName="GRAY" authorityYear="1870" box="[857,947,1706,1727]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAB3241FCC1F9336ABF72CA" box="[857,947,1706,1727]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">Narella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Calyces of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFAB3241FBDCF9336C1872CA" authorityName="Taylor & Rogers" authorityYear="2017" box="[1092,1300,1706,1727]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="valentine" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAB3241FBDCF9336C1872CA" box="[1092,1300,1706,1727]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">Narella valentine</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2DA57047FFAB3241FA85F9336C7872CA" box="[1309,1396,1706,1727]" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
are smaller than those of
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAB3241FBB6F9506DB772AB" box="[1070,1211,1737,1758]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFAB3241FBB6F9506DB472AB" box="[1070,1208,1737,1758]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gilchristi">N. gilchristi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Polyps of the former have a peaked basal cowl, whereas those of the latter have two rounded lobate projections, and they differ in number of polyps per whorl and whorl density.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFAB3242FCCBF8DA6B4E75C4" blockId="12.[827,1443,1645,1912]" lastBlockId="15.[145,762,197,740]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
Polyps of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFAB3241FC59F8DD6D54732C" baseAuthorityName="Kinoshita" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[961,1112,1860,1881]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="compressa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAB3241FC59F8DD6D54732C" box="[961,1112,1860,1881]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">N. compressa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are of a similar size to those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFAB3241FCCFF8FA6AED7302" authorityName="Taylor & Rogers" authorityYear="2017" box="[855,993,1890,1912]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="valentine" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAB3241FCCFF8FA6AED7302" box="[855,993,1890,1912]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">N. valentine</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2DA57047FFAB3241FC70F8FB6D377302" box="[1000,1083,1890,1911]" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
However, the basal scale of the former is larger and there is no mention of a crest or ridge, as is found in the latter. The basal scales of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFA83242FD29FF7C69E47562" authorityName="Amphi-Atlantic" baseAuthorityName="Kukenthal" baseAuthorityYear="1915" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bellissima">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFA83242FD29FF7C69E47562" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="85">N. bellissima</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have a rounded lobate distal edge whereas those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFA83242FF6EFEBB68887543" authorityName="Taylor & Rogers" authorityYear="2017" box="[246,388,289,311]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="valentine">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFA83242FF6EFEBB68887543" box="[246,388,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="85">N. valentine</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have a short point. Operculars of the former are thicker and more rounded than the more delicate opercular of the latter. The basal scales of polyps of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFA83242FE87FEE768A775E7" box="[287,427,381,403]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gilchristi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFA83242FE87FEE768A775E7" box="[287,427,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="85">N. gilchristi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are rounded distally, unlike the peaked edges seen in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFA83242FE2BFE056B3775C4" authorityName="Taylor & Rogers" authorityYear="2017" box="[435,571,412,433]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="valentine">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFA83242FE2BFE056B3775C4" box="[435,571,412,433]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="85">N. valentine</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="509D41A6FFAA3240FF09F9746873734B" pageId="13" pageNumber="83" startId="13.[145,224,1773,1795]" targetBox="[241,1329,195,1734]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFAA3240FF09F9746873734B" blockId="13.[145,1424,1773,1854]" pageId="13" pageNumber="83">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAA3240FF09F97469F67377" bold="true" box="[145,250,1773,1795]" pageId="13" pageNumber="83">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||||
Colony, whorls and polyps of
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAA3240FDA1F9746A647376" bold="true" box="[569,872,1773,1795]" pageId="13" pageNumber="83">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFAA3240FDA1F9746A057376" authorityName="Taylor & Rogers" authorityYear="2017" box="[569,777,1773,1795]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="83" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="valentine" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAA3240FDA1F9746A057376" bold="true" box="[569,777,1773,1795]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="83">Narella valentine</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2DA57047FFAA3240FC89F9776A647376" box="[785,872,1774,1795]" pageId="13" pageNumber="83" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
: (a) close-up of branchlet; (b) colony; (c) cowl view of polyp; (d) lateral view of whorl; (e) lateral view of polyp; (f) posterior view of whorl and
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAA3240FBA6F8926D8F7354" box="[1086,1155,1803,1825]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="83">in situ</emphasis>
|
||||
coenenchymal scales; (g) anterior view of whorl.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="509D41A6FFA93243FF3BF9746AA0734B" pageId="14" pageNumber="84" startId="14.[163,243,1773,1795]" targetBox="[259,1347,195,1734]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFA93243FF3BF9746AA0734B" blockId="14.[163,1443,1773,1854]" pageId="14" pageNumber="84">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFA93243FF3BF97468017377" bold="true" box="[163,269,1773,1795]" pageId="14" pageNumber="84">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||||
Sclerites of
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFA93243FE0EF9746BC47376" bold="true" box="[406,712,1773,1795]" pageId="14" pageNumber="84">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFA93243FE0EF9746B647376" authorityName="Taylor & Rogers" authorityYear="2017" box="[406,616,1773,1795]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="14" pageNumber="84" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="valentine" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFA93243FE0EF9746B647376" bold="true" box="[406,616,1773,1795]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="84">Narella valentine</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2DA57047FFA93243FDE8F9776BC47376" box="[624,712,1774,1795]" pageId="14" pageNumber="84" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
: (a, c–f) inner surface of opercular; (g) outer surface of opercular; (b) side view of opercular keel; (h, i) buccal scales; (j–m) medial scales; (n–p) basal scales; (q) coenenchymal scales; (r) smaller coenenchymal scales; (s) close-up of inner surface of a coenenchymal scale.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFA83242FF31FE2368EB7691" blockId="15.[145,762,197,740]" pageId="15" pageNumber="85">
|
||||
There are three species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFA83242FE41FE236B3C75BA" authorityName="GRAY" authorityYear="1870" box="[473,560,442,463]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFA83242FE41FE236B3C75BA" box="[473,560,442,463]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="85">Narella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
where branching patterns are unknown:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFA83242FE03FE436B09759A" authorityName="Bayer" authorityYear="1995" box="[411,517,474,495]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFA83242FE03FE436B09759A" box="[411,517,474,495]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="85">N. ornata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFA83242FD8AFE436BCB759B" authorityName=", Cairns & Bayer" authorityYear="2008" box="[530,711,473,495]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hawaiinensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFA83242FD8AFE436BCB759B" box="[530,711,473,495]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="85">N. hawaiinensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFA83242FF09FE6168127678" box="[145,286,504,525]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="85">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFA83242FF09FE6168167678" authorityName="Galapagos" baseAuthorityName="Studer" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[145,282,504,525]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ambigua">N. ambigua</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
The largest polyps found on
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFA83242FDF6FE616BF57678" authorityName="Taylor & Rogers" authorityYear="2017" box="[622,761,504,525]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="valentine">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFA83242FDF6FE616BF57678" box="[622,761,504,525]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="85">N. valentine</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are ~
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFA83242FF54FD8E68017659" box="[204,269,535,556]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||||
tall. Polyps of the three species mentioned are much larger, all over
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFA83242FE37FDAC68E3763E" box="[431,495,565,587]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||||
tall. With little further information about
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFA83242FEF2FDCD68FC761C" authorityName="Galapagos" baseAuthorityName="Studer" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[362,496,596,617]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFA83242FEF2FDCD68FC761C" box="[362,496,596,617]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="85">N. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
it is hard to make further comparisons. Both
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFA83242FE3CFDEA6B1C76FD" authorityName="Bayer" authorityYear="1995" box="[420,528,627,648]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFA83242FE3CFDEA6B1C76FD" box="[420,528,627,648]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="85">N. ornata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFA83242FDD2FDEA6BFF76F2" authorityName="Cairns & Bayer" authorityYear="2008" box="[586,755,626,648]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hawaiiensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFA83242FDD2FDEA6BFF76F2" box="[586,755,626,648]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="85">N. hawaiiensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, although with similar ridged basal scales as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFA83242FD0BFD0B69B076B0" authorityName="Taylor & Rogers" authorityYear="2017" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="valentine">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFA83242FD0BFD0B69B076B0" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="85">N. valentine</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, have far fewer polyps per whorl and basal scales that do not form a closed ring.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
321
data/8C/4B/A0/8C4BA038FFAE3241FC2DFA1D6BEA72E6.xml
Normal file
321
data/8C/4B/A0/8C4BA038FFAE3241FC2DFA1D6BEA72E6.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,321 @@
|
|||
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<mods:mods id="0F00262852168D7781182E48F77B3F77" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="62EB58BE4D135ACEDCE6A22636B3FD8E">
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<mods:title id="035969CA42146D37EF234DF755CCBC2E">Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) of the SW Indian Ocean: new species, genus revisions and systematics</mods:title>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="F37CE7B7C4F6E509E577176C9BBE4A8A">Taylor, M. L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="1B0EA20156D63CD06BDCC8228B5AC9CA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
|
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<mods:namePart id="40DBA70E3F74B1E8A7B81F263886090D">Rogers, A. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D405A1598DC8924A035AB099D54DAF03">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="DDE9332E0D91308E2B7F32812D037889">
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<mods:date id="335F4ED5568496A055B61559E4CEDDE0">2017</mods:date>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:identifier id="0164E4C87F55E5745435AF8524A6C499" type="ZooBank">B0CAB95-20E6-494C-ACAD-ABE7CEC63C95</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="8C4BA038FFAE3241FC2DFA1D6BEA72E6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14805558" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14805558" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8C4BA038FFAE3241FC2DFA1D6BEA72E6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8C4BA038FFAE3241FC2DFA1D6BEA72E6" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="9" pageNumber="79">
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<subSubSection id="4CF842A5FFAE3244FC2DFA1D6C0871EE" box="[949,1284,1411,1435]" pageId="9" pageNumber="79" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="045D112EFFAE3244FC2DFA1D6C0871EE" blockId="9.[949,1284,1411,1435]" box="[949,1284,1411,1435]" pageId="9" pageNumber="79">
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<heading id="5F15A642FFAE3244FC2DFA1D6C0871EE" box="[949,1284,1411,1435]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="79" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFAE3244FC2DFA1D6D9771EF" ID-CoL="45PNK" authorityName="Taylor & Rogers" authorityYear="2017" box="[949,1179,1412,1435]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="79" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="speighti" status="sp. nov.">
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<smallCapsWord id="02BB87F2FFAE3244FC2DFA1D6D2971EF" baselines="1429,1429" box="[949,1061,1412,1435]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Narella" pageId="9" pageNumber="79">NARELLA</smallCapsWord>
|
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<smallCapsWord id="02BB87F2FFAE3244FBB4FA1E6D9771EF" baselines="1429" box="[1068,1179,1415,1434]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="speighti" pageId="9" pageNumber="79">SPEIGHTI</smallCapsWord>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAE3244FB39FA1E6C0871EE" bold="true" box="[1185,1284,1411,1435]" pageId="9" pageNumber="79">
|
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="2DA57047FFAE3244FB39FA1E6C0871EE" box="[1185,1284,1411,1435]" pageId="9" pageNumber="79" rank="species">
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<smallCapsWord id="02BB87F2FFAE3244FB39FA1E6DB271EF" baselines="1429" box="[1185,1214,1415,1434]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="sp" pageId="9" pageNumber="79">SP</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="02BB87F2FFAE3244FB54FA1E6DF171EF" baselines="1429" box="[1228,1277,1415,1434]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="nov" pageId="9" pageNumber="79">NOV</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="4CF842A5FFAE3241FBBAFA336BEA72E6" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="9" pageNumber="79" type="description">
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||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFAE3244FBBAFA336D9B71B6" blockId="9.[1058,1175,1450,1475]" box="[1058,1175,1450,1475]" pageId="9" pageNumber="79">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFAE3244FBB2FA336D7971B7" box="[1066,1141,1450,1475]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[163,242,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-193@10.[323,1283,195,1557]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Colony, whorls and polyps of Narella speighti sp. nov.: (a) base of whorl; (b) colony; (c) lateral polyp view; (d) anterior whorl view; (e) close up of branchlet; (f) close up of coenenchyme." pageId="9" pageNumber="79">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="02BB87F2FFAE3244FBB2FA336D6C71B7" baselines="1469,1469" box="[1066,1120,1450,1475]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Figs" pageId="9" pageNumber="79">FIGS</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
6
|
||||
</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFAE3244FB1AFA356D9C71B4" box="[1154,1168,1452,1473]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[145,224,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[241,1329,197,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-28@11.[241,1329,195,1734]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Sclerites of Narella speighti sp. nov.: (a, c, e) inner surface; (b, d, f–i) outer surface of opercular scales; (j, m) medial scales; (k, l) buccal scales; (n, o) basal scales; (p) coenenchymal scales." pageId="9" pageNumber="79">7</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFAE3244FCB1FA4B6D7A7231" blockId="9.[809,1424,1490,1604]" pageId="9" pageNumber="79">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAE3244FCB1FA4B6D107192" box="[809,1052,1490,1511]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="79">Material examined:</emphasis>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="B48A1B73FFAE3244FBBFFA4B6D7A7231" collectingDate="2011-12-10" collectionCode="NHMUK, JC, T" elevation="870" latitude="-32.714367" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="57.244434" pageId="9" pageNumber="79" specimenCode="NHMUK 2016.33, JC066-3719, T165-166" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="DB59AF8CFFAE3244FBBFFA4B6D9A719D" box="[1063,1174,1490,1512]" pageId="9" pageNumber="79" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
–
|
||||
<specimenCode id="5444B955FFAE3244FB22FA4A6C9C719D" box="[1210,1424,1490,1512]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="9" pageNumber="79" type="Museum">NHMUK 2016.33</specimenCode>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<specimenCode id="5444B955FFAE3244FCA9FA686AB27272" box="[817,958,1521,1543]" collectionCode="JC" pageId="9" pageNumber="79">JC066-3719</specimenCode>
|
||||
), RRS
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAE3244FB95FA6B6D947273" box="[1037,1176,1521,1543]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="79">James Cook</emphasis>
|
||||
, sta. 8, ev. 5, Atlantis Bank,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="61D677E9FFAE3244FCEDF9896AF27250" box="[885,1022,1551,1574]" degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="42.862" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="79" precision="1" value="-32.714367">32°42.862′S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="61D677E9FFAE3244FB93F9896D947250" box="[1035,1176,1551,1574]" degrees="57" direction="east" minutes="14.666" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="79" precision="1" value="57.244434">57°14.666′E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFAE3244FB3CF9896DE27250" box="[1188,1262,1552,1573]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="870.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="8FCFF61DFFAE3244FB3CF9896DE27250" box="[1188,1262,1552,1573]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="870.0">870 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="705C37EEFFAE3244FB62F9896A6E7231" pageId="9" pageNumber="79" value="2011-12-10">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="6018CE06FFAE3244FB62F9896A6E7231" pageId="9" pageNumber="79" value="2011-12-10">10 December 2011</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
. SEM stubs –
|
||||
<specimenCode id="5444B955FFAE3244FB9CF9B76D7E7231" box="[1028,1138,1582,1604]" collectionCode="T" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="9" pageNumber="79">T165-166</specimenCode>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFAE3244FCB1F9F76C9E7369" blockId="9.[809,1426,1645,1912]" pageId="9" pageNumber="79">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAE3244FCB1F9F76AA072F6" box="[809,940,1646,1667]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="79">Description</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<typeStatus id="DB59AF8CFFAE3244FC22F9F46D2E72F6" box="[954,1058,1645,1667]" pageId="9" pageNumber="79" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
has equal dichotomous branching,
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFAE3244FCC3F9156AAC72D4" box="[859,928,1676,1697]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="9" pageNumber="79" unit="cm" value="11.0">11 cm</quantity>
|
||||
tall. Holdfast has multiple main branches indicating, speculatively, branching may be bushy. Axis straw coloured. Polyps 3–4 per whorl (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFAE3244FB63F9506C4272AA" box="[1275,1358,1737,1759]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[163,242,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-193@10.[323,1283,195,1557]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Colony, whorls and polyps of Narella speighti sp. nov.: (a) base of whorl; (b) colony; (c) lateral polyp view; (d) anterior whorl view; (e) close up of branchlet; (f) close up of coenenchyme." pageId="9" pageNumber="79">Fig. 6d</figureCitation>
|
||||
), 6–9 whorls (usually 6–7) per
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFAE3244FBD6F9716D897288" box="[1102,1157,1768,1789]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="79" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
|
||||
of axis (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFAE3244FB72F9716C34728B" box="[1258,1336,1768,1790]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[163,242,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-193@10.[323,1283,195,1557]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Colony, whorls and polyps of Narella speighti sp. nov.: (a) base of whorl; (b) colony; (c) lateral polyp view; (d) anterior whorl view; (e) close up of branchlet; (f) close up of coenenchyme." pageId="9" pageNumber="79">Fig. 6e</figureCitation>
|
||||
), whorl diameter
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFAE3244FC0EF89F6D117369" box="[918,1053,1798,1820]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="3.05" valueMax="3.6" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3.6 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Polyps 2.0–
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFAE3244FB30F89E6DF17369" box="[1192,1277,1799,1820]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
|
||||
tall (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFAE3244FAA1F89F6C8F7369" box="[1337,1411,1798,1820]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[163,242,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-193@10.[323,1283,195,1557]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Colony, whorls and polyps of Narella speighti sp. nov.: (a) base of whorl; (b) colony; (c) lateral polyp view; (d) anterior whorl view; (e) close up of branchlet; (f) close up of coenenchyme." pageId="9" pageNumber="79">Fig. 6c</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFAE3247FCD9F8BC6B7C72B6" blockId="9.[809,1426,1645,1912]" lastBlockId="10.[163,779,1679,1915]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="9" pageNumber="79">
|
||||
Basal scales ~
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFAE3244FC7EF8BC6D32734E" box="[998,1086,1829,1851]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
|
||||
tall (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFAE3244FBE6F8BC6DE4734E" box="[1150,1256,1829,1851]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[145,224,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[241,1329,197,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-28@11.[241,1329,195,1734]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Sclerites of Narella speighti sp. nov.: (a, c, e) inner surface; (b, d, f–i) outer surface of opercular scales; (j, m) medial scales; (k, l) buccal scales; (n, o) basal scales; (p) coenenchymal scales." pageId="9" pageNumber="79">Fig. 7n, o</figureCitation>
|
||||
), curved away from polyp body, closed ring adaxially, free distal edge tall and rounded, thin and often broken, sometimes jagged, so is not a smooth cowl. One pair of square to oblong body-wall scales placed adaxially.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="509D41A6FFAD3247FF3BF9A56AAE7205" pageId="10" pageNumber="80" startId="10.[163,242,1596,1618]" targetBox="[323,1283,195,1557]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFAD3247FF3BF9A56AAE7205" blockId="10.[163,1442,1596,1648]" pageId="10" pageNumber="80">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAD3247FF3BF9A568077227" bold="true" box="[163,267,1596,1618]" pageId="10" pageNumber="80">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||||
Colony, whorls and polyps of
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAD3247FDD0F9A56A6A7227" bold="true" box="[584,870,1596,1618]" pageId="10" pageNumber="80">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFAD3247FDD0F9A56A047227" authorityName="Taylor & Rogers" authorityYear="2017" box="[584,776,1596,1618]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="80" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="speighti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAD3247FDD0F9A56A047227" bold="true" box="[584,776,1596,1618]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="80">Narella speighti</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2DA57047FFAD3247FC97F9A46A6A7227" box="[783,870,1597,1618]" pageId="10" pageNumber="80" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
: (a) base of whorl; (b) colony; (c) lateral polyp view; (d) anterior whorl view; (e) close up of branchlet; (f) close up of coenenchyme.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFAD3247FF23F9556B5E7348" blockId="10.[163,779,1679,1915]" pageId="10" pageNumber="80">
|
||||
Medial scales curved outwards, smooth rounded distal edge (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFAD3247FE8BF972688F7375" box="[275,387,1771,1793]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[145,224,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[241,1329,197,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-28@11.[241,1329,195,1734]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Sclerites of Narella speighti sp. nov.: (a, c, e) inner surface; (b, d, f–i) outer surface of opercular scales; (j, m) medial scales; (k, l) buccal scales; (n, o) basal scales; (p) coenenchymal scales." pageId="10" pageNumber="80">Fig. 7j, m</figureCitation>
|
||||
), ~
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFAD3247FE32F9726B0E7375" box="[426,514,1771,1793]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="80" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||||
wide and
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFAD3247FD18F9726A067375" box="[640,778,1771,1793]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="10" pageNumber="80" unit="mm" value="1.3" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.1">1.1–1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||||
tall; inner surface with smooth band across distal third, dense granules basally (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFAD3247FE64F8B16B4E734B" box="[508,578,1832,1854]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[145,224,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[241,1329,197,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-28@11.[241,1329,195,1734]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Sclerites of Narella speighti sp. nov.: (a, c, e) inner surface; (b, d, f–i) outer surface of opercular scales; (j, m) medial scales; (k, l) buccal scales; (n, o) basal scales; (p) coenenchymal scales." pageId="10" pageNumber="80">Fig. 7j</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFAD3247FF23F8DE6C0672B6" blockId="10.[163,779,1679,1915]" lastBlockId="10.[827,1444,1679,1915]" pageId="10" pageNumber="80">
|
||||
Buccal scales outwardly curved with round, smooth distal edge (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFAD3247FEB4F8FC6882730E" box="[300,398,1893,1915]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[145,224,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[241,1329,197,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-28@11.[241,1329,195,1734]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Sclerites of Narella speighti sp. nov.: (a, c, e) inner surface; (b, d, f–i) outer surface of opercular scales; (j, m) medial scales; (k, l) buccal scales; (n, o) basal scales; (p) coenenchymal scales." pageId="10" pageNumber="80">Fig. 7k, l</figureCitation>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFAD3247FE3BF8FC6B2B730E" box="[419,551,1893,1915]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="80" unit="mm" value="1.55" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.6 mm</quantity>
|
||||
tall and wide; outer surface smooth, inner with smooth band across distal third, dense tubercles basally (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFAD3247FB00F9346DF772B6" box="[1176,1275,1709,1731]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[145,224,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[241,1329,197,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-28@11.[241,1329,195,1734]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Sclerites of Narella speighti sp. nov.: (a, c, e) inner surface; (b, d, f–i) outer surface of opercular scales; (j, m) medial scales; (k, l) buccal scales; (n, o) basal scales; (p) coenenchymal scales." pageId="10" pageNumber="80">Fig. 7k, l</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFAD3241FCCBF9556B8C756D" blockId="10.[827,1444,1679,1915]" lastBlockId="12.[163,779,197,464]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="10" pageNumber="80">
|
||||
Opercular scales reduce in size from abaxial to adaxial side. Abaxial opercular scales (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFAD3247FB2EF9726C197375" box="[1206,1301,1771,1793]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[145,224,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[241,1329,197,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-28@11.[241,1329,195,1734]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Sclerites of Narella speighti sp. nov.: (a, c, e) inner surface; (b, d, f–i) outer surface of opercular scales; (j, m) medial scales; (k, l) buccal scales; (n, o) basal scales; (p) coenenchymal scales." pageId="10" pageNumber="80">Fig. 7f, g</figureCitation>
|
||||
) large, up to
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFAD3247FCA3F8906A95736A" box="[827,921,1801,1823]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" pageId="10" pageNumber="80" unit="mm" value="0.86">0.86 mm</quantity>
|
||||
wide,
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFAD3247FC43F8906D64736A" box="[987,1128,1801,1823]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" metricValueMax="8.6" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="80" unit="mm" value="0.83" valueMax="0.86" valueMin="0.8">0.8–0.86 mm</quantity>
|
||||
tall. Abaxial opercular scales symmetrical (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFAD3247FC44F8B16D4E734B" box="[988,1090,1832,1854]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[145,224,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[241,1329,197,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-28@11.[241,1329,195,1734]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Sclerites of Narella speighti sp. nov.: (a, c, e) inner surface; (b, d, f–i) outer surface of opercular scales; (j, m) medial scales; (k, l) buccal scales; (n, o) basal scales; (p) coenenchymal scales." pageId="10" pageNumber="80">
|
||||
Fig.
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFAD3247FB89F8B06D20734B" box="[1041,1068,1833,1854]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="7.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="80" unit="g" value="7.0">7g</quantity>
|
||||
, f
|
||||
</figureCitation>
|
||||
); asymmetrical on either side (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFAD3247FCDAF8DE6A927328" box="[834,926,1863,1885]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[145,224,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[241,1329,197,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-28@11.[241,1329,195,1734]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Sclerites of Narella speighti sp. nov.: (a, c, e) inner surface; (b, d, f–i) outer surface of opercular scales; (j, m) medial scales; (k, l) buccal scales; (n, o) basal scales; (p) coenenchymal scales." pageId="10" pageNumber="80">Fig. 7h, i</figureCitation>
|
||||
), with just one wide lateral wing. Adaxial scales smaller,
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFAD3247FC01F8FC6D11730E" box="[921,1053,1893,1915]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="80" unit="mm" value="0.4" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||||
wide,
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFAD3247FBFCF8FC6DF9730E" box="[1124,1269,1893,1915]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="80" unit="mm" value="0.625" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.55">0.55–0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||||
tall (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFAD3247FAA8F8FC6C99730E" box="[1328,1429,1893,1915]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[145,224,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[241,1329,197,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-28@11.[241,1329,195,1734]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Sclerites of Narella speighti sp. nov.: (a, c, e) inner surface; (b, d, f–i) outer surface of opercular scales; (j, m) medial scales; (k, l) buccal scales; (n, o) basal scales; (p) coenenchymal scales." pageId="10" pageNumber="80">Fig. 7a–e</figureCitation>
|
||||
), lanceolate shape. Opercular scales with highly concaved outer surface (mirroring keeled inner surface), distal edge appears notched. No tentacular scales.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="509D41A6FFAC3246FF09F9746ABF7354" pageId="11" pageNumber="81" startId="11.[145,224,1773,1795]" targetBox="[241,1329,197,1734]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFAC3246FF09F9746ABF7354" blockId="11.[145,1424,1773,1825]" pageId="11" pageNumber="81">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAC3246FF09F97469F67376" bold="true" box="[145,250,1773,1795]" pageId="11" pageNumber="81">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||||
Sclerites of
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAC3246FE19F9746BAC7376" bold="true" box="[385,672,1773,1795]" pageId="11" pageNumber="81">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFAC3246FE19F9746B4D7376" authorityName="Taylor & Rogers" authorityYear="2017" box="[385,577,1773,1795]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="81" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="speighti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAC3246FE19F9746B4D7376" bold="true" box="[385,577,1773,1795]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="81">Narella speighti</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2DA57047FFAC3246FDD1F9776BAC7376" box="[585,672,1774,1795]" pageId="11" pageNumber="81" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
: (a, c, e) inner surface; (b, d, f–i) outer surface of opercular scales; (j, m) medial scales; (k, l) buccal scales; (n, o) basal scales; (p) coenenchymal scales.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFAB3241FF23FEB8687D75A5" blockId="12.[163,779,197,464]" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
Branchlet axis surface uneven as coenenchymal scale edges curve away from branchlet. Coenenchymal scales long, thin, 0.3–1.0 mm length (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFAB3241FDDCFEC76B9C7501" box="[580,656,350,372]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[145,224,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[241,1329,197,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-28@11.[241,1329,195,1734]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. Sclerites of Narella speighti sp. nov.: (a, c, e) inner surface; (b, d, f–i) outer surface of opercular scales; (j, m) medial scales; (k, l) buccal scales; (n, o) basal scales; (p) coenenchymal scales." pageId="12" pageNumber="82">Fig. 7p</figureCitation>
|
||||
) relatively smooth outer surface, dense tubercles on inner surface, and mosaicked when
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAB3241FE00FE0568ED75C4" box="[408,481,412,433]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">in situ</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFAB3241FE68FE056B3475C7" box="[496,568,412,434]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[163,242,1596,1618]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-193@10.[323,1283,195,1557]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Colony, whorls and polyps of Narella speighti sp. nov.: (a) base of whorl; (b) colony; (c) lateral polyp view; (d) anterior whorl view; (e) close up of branchlet; (f) close up of coenenchyme." pageId="12" pageNumber="82">Fig. 6f</figureCitation>
|
||||
). One layer of coenenchymal scales.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFAB3241FF3BFE6668347646" blockId="12.[163,779,510,563]" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAB3241FF3BFE6668887666" box="[163,388,510,532]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">Known distribution</emphasis>
|
||||
: Atlantis Bank, SE Indian Ocean.
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFAB3241FF3BFD8469E57646" box="[163,233,541,563]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" unit="m" value="870.0">870 m</quantity>
|
||||
depth.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFAB3241FF3BFDFD681976C2" blockId="12.[163,779,612,695]" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAB3241FF3BFDFD6811760C" box="[163,285,612,633]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||||
: Named after Prof. Martin Speight for his mentorship and support of generations of marine biologists.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFAB3241FF3BFD7C6BEA72E6" blockId="12.[163,780,741,1683]" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAB3241FF3BFD7C6831768F" box="[163,317,741,762]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">Comparisons</emphasis>
|
||||
: Most species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFAB3241FD92FD7C6B68768F" authorityName="GRAY" authorityYear="1870" box="[522,612,741,762]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAB3241FD92FD7C6B68768F" box="[522,612,741,762]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">Narella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have dichotomous branching. As many species are described from specimens lacking a holdfast or colony fragments, some described as uniplanar may well be bushy so all dichotomously branched species and those with unknown branching patterns were considered if they had polyps ≤
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFAB3241FF28FC04680E77C6" box="[176,258,925,947]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||||
tall.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFAB3241FEAFFC0468F977C7" box="[311,501,925,946]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gilchristi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAB3241FEAFFC0468F977C7" box="[311,501,925,946]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">Narella gilchristi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFAB3241FD98FC076B8777C7" baseAuthorityName="Kinoshita" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[512,651,925,947]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="megalepis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAB3241FD98FC076B8777C7" box="[512,651,925,947]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">N.megalepis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFAB3241FD0EFC0769C377A4" baseAuthorityName="Kinoshita" baseAuthorityYear="1907" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="biannulata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAB3241FD0EFC0769C377A4" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">N. biannulata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFAB3241FF42FC25684077A4" baseAuthorityName="Versluys" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[218,332,956,977]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="horrida">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAB3241FF42FC25684077A4" box="[218,332,956,977]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">N. horrida</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFAB3241FECFFC2568B577A4" authorityName="Cairns & Baco" authorityYear="2007" box="[343,441,956,977]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bayeri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAB3241FECFFC2568B577A4" box="[343,441,956,977]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">N. bayeri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFAB3241FE76FC256B7D77A4" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2012" box="[494,625,956,977]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dampieri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAB3241FE76FC256B7D77A4" box="[494,625,956,977]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">N. dampieri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
all have more than four polyps per whorl so were disregarded.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFAB3241FD2DFC4369F9707B" baseAuthorityName="Versluys" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="clavata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAB3241FD2DFC4369F9707B" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">Narella clavata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has thick mosaic-like coenenchymal scales, very different to those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFAB3241FEE7FB8168F97058" authorityName="Taylor & Rogers" authorityYear="2017" box="[383,501,1048,1069]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="speighti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAB3241FEE7FB8168F97058" box="[383,501,1048,1069]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">N. speighti</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2DA57047FFAB3241FE62FB816B467058" box="[506,586,1048,1069]" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFAB3241FDD7FB816BD67058" authorityName="Deichmann" authorityYear="1936" box="[591,730,1048,1069]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="laxa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAB3241FDD7FB816BD67058" box="[591,730,1048,1069]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">Narella laxa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was not considered as it has four pairs of body-wall scales. The outer surface of sclerites of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFAB3241FDB8FBCF6B92701F" authorityName="Taylor & Rogers" authorityYear="2017" box="[544,670,1109,1131]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="speighti">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAB3241FDB8FBCF6B92701F" box="[544,670,1109,1131]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">N. speighti</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are relatively smooth, whereas those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFAB3241FD97FBED6B7D70FC" baseAuthorityName="Versluys" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[527,625,1140,1161]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parva">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAB3241FD97FBED6B7D70FC" box="[527,625,1140,1161]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">N. parva</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFAB3241FDE6FBED6A0870FC" authorityName="Lesser Antilles" baseAuthorityName="Duchassaing & Michelotti" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[638,772,1140,1161]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="regularis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAB3241FDE6FBED6A0870FC" box="[638,772,1140,1161]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">N. regularis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFAB3241FF3BFB0A681970DD" authorityName="Cairns & Baco" authorityYear="2007" box="[163,277,1171,1192]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cristata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAB3241FF3BFB0A681970DD" box="[163,277,1171,1192]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">N. cristata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFAB3241FED2FB0A68C170D2" authorityName="Cairns & Baco" authorityYear="2007" box="[330,461,1170,1192]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="abyssalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAB3241FED2FB0A68C170D2" box="[330,461,1170,1192]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">N. abyssalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have distinct ridges.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFAB3241FD2DFB0B69ED70B3" authorityName="Bayer" authorityYear="1951" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="leilae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAB3241FD2DFB0B69ED70B3" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">Narella leilae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has basal scales that form a large, flared cone; unlike the projecting, lobate edges of the basal scales seen in
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAB3241FF66FB76688F7176" box="[254,387,1262,1284]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFAB3241FF66FB7668737176" authorityName="Taylor & Rogers" authorityYear="2017" box="[254,383,1262,1284]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="speighti">N. speighti</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Polyp and sclerite size, structure and orientation look very similar to those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFAB3241FD08FA976A087157" baseAuthorityName="Versluys" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[656,772,1293,1315]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="obscura">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAB3241FD08FA976A087157" box="[656,772,1293,1315]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">N. obscura</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. We separate them based on their coenenchymal scales, which are not elongate in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFAB3241FE43FAD26B5B712A" baseAuthorityName="Versluys" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[475,599,1354,1376]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="obscura">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAB3241FE43FAD26B5B712A" box="[475,599,1354,1376]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">N. obscura</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, as they are in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFAB3241FF3BFAF36815710B" authorityName="Taylor & Rogers" authorityYear="2017" box="[163,281,1385,1407]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="speighti">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAB3241FF3BFAF36815710B" box="[163,281,1385,1407]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">N. speighti</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Basal and buccal scales of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFAB3241FDD4FAF36BD3710A" baseAuthorityName="Aurivillius" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[588,735,1386,1407]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="japonensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAB3241FDD4FAF36BD3710A" box="[588,735,1386,1407]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">N. japonensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are more modest than those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFAB3241FE47FA116B5671E8" authorityName="Taylor & Rogers" authorityYear="2017" box="[479,602,1416,1437]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="speighti">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAB3241FE47FA116B5671E8" box="[479,602,1416,1437]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">N. speighti</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and the colony branching does not appear to be bushy from the fragment described. The basal scales of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFAB3241FDA6FA5F6BB071AF" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2012" box="[574,700,1477,1499]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAB3241FDA6FA5F6BB071AF" box="[574,700,1477,1499]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">N. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
do not have lobate projections; they are more rounded and the sclerites are not as smooth as those of
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAB3241FDD0F99A6BC87262" box="[584,708,1538,1560]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFAB3241FDD0F99A6BCC7262" authorityName="Taylor & Rogers" authorityYear="2017" box="[584,704,1538,1560]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="speighti">N. speighti</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
There is also no clear separation of the dense tubercle-covered base on the inner surface of sclerites, something clearly seen in
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFAB3241FF60F9C6687A7206" box="[248,374,1630,1652]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFAB3241FF60F9C6687E7206" authorityName="Taylor & Rogers" authorityYear="2017" box="[248,370,1630,1652]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="speighti">N. speighti</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
With the above comparisons considered we recommend this specimen as a new species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
316
data/8C/4B/A0/8C4BA038FFB2325AFC13FE456C4E70B9.xml
Normal file
316
data/8C/4B/A0/8C4BA038FFB2325AFC13FE456C4E70B9.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,316 @@
|
|||
<document id="85D7E4FF89D207352C75D8AF418B5710" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-ZooBank="B0CAB95-20E6-494C-ACAD-ABE7CEC63C95" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1738701795617" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Taylor, M. L. & Rogers, A. D." docDate="2017" docId="8C4BA038FFB2325AFC13FE456C4E70B9" docLanguage="en" docName="zlx003.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 181" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Primnoeides flagellum Taylor & Rogers, 2017, SP. NOV." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="93" masterDocId="7072D840FFA7324DFF98FF99690C7475" masterDocTitle="Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) of the SW Indian Ocean: new species, genus revisions and systematics" masterLastPageNumber="97" masterPageNumber="70" pageNumber="91" updateTime="1738702716966" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="A97A5D13ED102058EE883478774A4D2A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
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<mods:titleInfo id="2B027D34DD65B97940644A420305CFBC">
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<mods:title id="F824B6C5DC030D25B9F6B9388901BD3A">Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) of the SW Indian Ocean: new species, genus revisions and systematics</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:name id="523FE3119E05887DB8FBA428F79554F9" type="personal">
|
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<mods:roleTerm id="AC750A59EA287A5E355498461251749A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
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</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="D8747D71DF0D880950F293F468275AD5">Taylor, M. L.</mods:namePart>
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||||
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<mods:roleTerm id="5F055B29984EC138D5AAB44F7F399374">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="D6355B9CC3469EB01ABC0C7C75225468">Rogers, A. D.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
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||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="C9DEBCE1D4012BB005A8D76B8C4E7301">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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</mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:part id="A88F3D6D7F7E338C1E13AC12BB947C9B">
|
||||
<mods:date id="46FEC0542349739A7DEC9809F80DC6D9">2017</mods:date>
|
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<mods:detail id="5725F99F12E7418B8CCF6DFD28402016" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="C4B3E7904D14A0A145BE4762AA3B5F13">181</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
|
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|
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|
||||
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|
||||
<mods:classification id="B2278623AE7DBD3FFEF980CAD2B2856C">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="BAF9E8EAA66D09E1E9BF3E5417702423" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="4955AD49130A8961AF3C6046B72A4851" type="ZooBank">B0CAB95-20E6-494C-ACAD-ABE7CEC63C95</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="8C4BA038FFB2325AFC13FE456C4E70B9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14805570" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14805570" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8C4BA038FFB2325AFC13FE456C4E70B9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8C4BA038FFB2325AFC13FE456C4E70B9" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="4CF842A5FFB23258FC13FE456C237586" box="[907,1327,475,499]" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFB23258FC13FE456C237586" blockId="21.[907,1327,475,499]" box="[907,1327,475,499]" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">
|
||||
<heading id="5F15A642FFB23258FC13FE456C237586" box="[907,1327,475,499]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" reason="2">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFB23258FC13FE456DC97587" ID-CoL="4MCBK" authorityName="Taylor & Rogers" authorityYear="2017" box="[907,1221,476,499]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoeides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flagellum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="02BB87F2FFB23258FC13FE456D3E7587" baselines="493,493" box="[907,1074,476,499]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Primnoeides" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">PRIMNOEIDES</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="02BB87F2FFB23258FBA1FE466DC97587" baselines="493" box="[1081,1221,479,498]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="flagellum" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">FLAGELLUM</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB23258FB54FE466C237586" bold="true" box="[1228,1327,475,499]" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2DA57047FFB23258FB54FE466C237586" box="[1228,1327,475,499]" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" rank="species">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="02BB87F2FFB23258FB54FE466DE57587" baselines="493" box="[1228,1257,479,498]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="sp" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">SP</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="02BB87F2FFB23258FB6FFE466C247587" baselines="493" box="[1271,1320,479,498]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="nov" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">NOV</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="4CF842A5FFB2325AFC65FD9B6C4E70B9" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFB23258FC65FD9B6DB0766E" blockId="21.[1021,1212,514,539]" box="[1021,1212,514,539]" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFB23258FB9DFD9B6D6F766E" box="[1029,1123,514,539]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[163,242,689,711]" captionTargetBox="[167,775,195,649]" captionTargetId="figure-770@2.[167,775,195,649]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. New species in situ. (a) Narella valentine sp. nov.; (b) Primnoa bisquama sp. nov., pink colony within Goniocorella dumosa framework; (c) Narella candidae sp. nov.; (d) yellow whip colony, Primnoeides flagellum sp. nov. Images taken by the Kiel 6000 on JC066." pageId="21" pageNumber="91">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="02BB87F2FFB23258FB9DFD9B6D37766F" baselines="533,533" box="[1029,1083,514,539]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Figs" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">FIGS</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
2D
|
||||
</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFB23258FBE8FD9D6D87766F" box="[1136,1163,516,538]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="23.[147,225,1102,1124]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1062]" captionTargetId="figure-380@23.[145,1425,195,1062]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 15. Primnoeides flagellum sp. nov. holotype. (a) Close up of section of branchlet; (b) whole colony." pageId="21" pageNumber="91">15</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFB23258FB01FD9D6DB8766F" box="[1177,1204,516,538]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="24.[163,241,1366,1388]" captionTargetBox="[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetId="figure-208@24.[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 16. Primnoeides flagellum sp. nov. holotype: (a) opercular scales; (b) marginal and body-wall scales; (c) close-up of coenenchymal scales in situ; (d) outer layer of flat coenenchymal scales; (e) anterior view of polyp showing operculum below encroaching marginal scales; (f) side and abaxial view of polyps; (g, i) inner layer of tuberculate spheroid coenenchyme; (h) stereo anterior view of a whorl of polyps." pageId="21" pageNumber="91">16</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFB23258FCB1FDB36C577721" blockId="21.[809,1426,554,852]" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB23258FCB1FDB36D18764A" box="[809,1044,554,575]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="B48A1B73FFB23258FBBEFDB36AEE76E9" collectingDate="2011-11-26" collectionCode="NHMUK, JC" elevation="1020" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" specimenCode="NHMUK 2016.47, JC066-3297" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="DB59AF8CFFB23258FBBEFDB36D997635" box="[1062,1173,554,576]" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
–
|
||||
<specimenCode id="5444B955FFB23258FB21FDB26C837635" box="[1209,1423,554,576]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" type="Museum">NHMUK 2016.47</specimenCode>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<specimenCode id="5444B955FFB23258FCA8FDD06AB1762A" box="[816,957,585,607]" collectionCode="JC" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">JC066-3297</specimenCode>
|
||||
), RRS
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB23258FB93FDD36D98762B" box="[1035,1172,585,607]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">James Cook</emphasis>
|
||||
, sta. 5, ev.24, Melville Bank, 38
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB23258FC00FDF16AAE7608" bold="true" box="[920,930,616,637]" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">°</emphasis>
|
||||
29′35.476′S, 46
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB23258FBC5FDF16D6B7608" bold="true" box="[1117,1127,616,637]" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">°</emphasis>
|
||||
45′36.036′E,
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFB23258FA91FDF16C697608" box="[1289,1381,616,637]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.02" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" unit="m" value="1020.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="8FCFF61DFFB23258FA91FDF16C697608" box="[1289,1381,616,637]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.02" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" unit="m" value="1020.0">1020 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="705C37EEFFB23258FAECFDF16AEE76E9" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" value="2011-11-26">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="6018CE06FFB23258FAECFDF16AEE76E9" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" value="2011-11-26">26 November 2011</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="B48A1B73FFB23258FC76FD1E6D6776AC" collectingDate="2011-11-26" collectionCode="NHMUK, JC" elevation="1087" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" specimenCode="NHMUK 2016.49, JC66- 3291" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="DB59AF8CFFB23258FC76FD1E6D6A76E9" box="[1006,1126,647,668]" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<specimenCode id="5444B955FFB23258FBE9FD1E6C3076E9" box="[1137,1340,646,668]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" type="Museum">NHMUK 2016.49</specimenCode>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<specimenCode id="5444B955FFB23258FAD4FD1F6A6876CF" collectionCode="JC" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">JC66- 3291</specimenCode>
|
||||
), sta. 5, ev. 24, 38
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB23258FBA0FD3C6D4E76CF" bold="true" box="[1080,1090,677,698]" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">°</emphasis>
|
||||
29′58.220′S, 46
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB23258FB6DFD3C6DF376CF" bold="true" box="[1269,1279,677,698]" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">°</emphasis>
|
||||
45′37.531′E,
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFB23258FCB1FD5D6A8D76AC" box="[809,897,708,729]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.087" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" unit="m" value="1087.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="8FCFF61DFFB23258FCB1FD5D6A8D76AC" box="[809,897,708,729]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.087" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" unit="m" value="1087.0">1087 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="705C37EEFFB23258FC15FD5D6D6776AC" box="[909,1131,708,730]" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" value="2011-11-26">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="6018CE06FFB23258FC15FD5D6D6776AC" box="[909,1131,708,730]" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" value="2011-11-26">26 November 2011</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="B48A1B73FFB23258FBEFFD5D6D5F768D" collectionCode="NHMUK, JC" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" specimenCode="NHMUK 2017.1, JC66- 3527" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<specimenCode id="5444B955FFB23258FBEFFD5D6C3B76AC" box="[1143,1335,708,729]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" type="Museum">NHMUK 2017.1</specimenCode>
|
||||
, (
|
||||
<specimenCode id="5444B955FFB23258FAD3FD5D6A69768D" collectionCode="JC" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">JC66- 3527</specimenCode>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFB23258FCECFD7A6AB1768D" box="[884,957,739,760]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" unit="cm" value="29.0">29 cm</quantity>
|
||||
tall colony)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="B48A1B73FFB23258FBFAFD7A6D6D7721" collectingDate="2011-12-02" collectionCode="NHMUK, JC" elevation="1339" location="Middle of What" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" specimenCode="NHMUK 2016.48, JC66- 3564" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<specimenCode id="5444B955FFB23258FBFAFD7A6C3A768D" box="[1122,1334,738,760]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" type="Museum">NHMUK 2016.48</specimenCode>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<specimenCode id="5444B955FFB23258FAD1FD7B6A6F7762" collectionCode="JC" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">JC66- 3564</specimenCode>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFB23258FCF7FC986AB87762" box="[879,948,769,791]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" unit="cm" value="28.0">28 cm</quantity>
|
||||
tall colony), sta. 6, ev. 7,
|
||||
<location id="013D47F5FFB23258FB44FC986C9C7762" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8C4BA038FFB2325AFC13FE456C4E70B9:013D47F5FFB23258FB44FC986C9C7762" box="[1244,1424,769,791]" name="Middle of What" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">Middle of What</location>
|
||||
seamount, 37
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB23258FC50FCB96ADE7740" bold="true" box="[968,978,800,821]" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">°</emphasis>
|
||||
56′37.360′S, 50
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB23258FB1EFCB96D9C7740" bold="true" box="[1158,1168,800,821]" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">°</emphasis>
|
||||
27′06.37′E,
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFB23258FA84FCB96C7A7740" box="[1308,1398,800,821]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.339" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" unit="m" value="1339.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="8FCFF61DFFB23258FA84FCB96C7A7740" box="[1308,1398,800,821]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.339" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" unit="m" value="1339.0">1339 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="705C37EEFFB23258FA1BFCB96AD67721" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" value="2011-12-02">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="6018CE06FFB23258FA1BFCB96AD67721" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" value="2011-12-02">2 December 2011</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
. SEM stubs
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
–
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="B48A1B73FFB23258FBE4FCA76C5B7721" box="[1148,1367,830,852]" collectionCode="T" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" specimenCode="T152-153, 157-159" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<specimenCode id="5444B955FFB23258FBE4FCA76DE57721" box="[1148,1257,830,852]" collectionCode="T" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">T152-153</specimenCode>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="5444B955FFB23258FB6CFCA76C5B7721" box="[1268,1367,830,852]" collectionCode="T" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">157–159</specimenCode>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFB23258FCB1FCE76D08779A" blockId="21.[809,1426,893,1559]" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB23258FCB1FCE76AA777E6" box="[809,939,894,915]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">Description</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<typeStatus id="DB59AF8CFFB23258FC2EFCE46D1077E6" box="[950,1052,893,915]" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
is a
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFB23258FBD5FCE46D8277E6" box="[1101,1166,893,915]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" unit="cm" value="35.0">35 cm</quantity>
|
||||
tall flagelliform colony complete with calcareous holdfast (
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB23258FB20FC056C0D77C4" box="[1208,1281,924,945]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">in situ</emphasis>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFB23258FA9FFC056C5677C7" box="[1287,1370,924,946]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[163,242,689,711]" captionTargetBox="[167,775,195,649]" captionTargetId="figure-770@2.[167,775,195,649]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. New species in situ. (a) Narella valentine sp. nov.; (b) Primnoa bisquama sp. nov., pink colony within Goniocorella dumosa framework; (c) Narella candidae sp. nov.; (d) yellow whip colony, Primnoeides flagellum sp. nov. Images taken by the Kiel 6000 on JC066." pageId="21" pageNumber="91">Figs 2d</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFB23258FAFFFC056C8E77C7" box="[1383,1410,924,946]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="23.[147,225,1102,1124]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1062]" captionTargetId="figure-380@23.[145,1425,195,1062]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 15. Primnoeides flagellum sp. nov. holotype. (a) Close up of section of branchlet; (b) whole colony." pageId="21" pageNumber="91">15</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Alive colony light yellow, preserved white. Axis light yellow and smooth.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFB23258FCD9FC616C4B7176" blockId="21.[809,1426,893,1559]" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">
|
||||
Polyps inclined upwards, whorls of three (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFB23258FAB5FC616C87707B" box="[1325,1419,1016,1038]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="23.[147,225,1102,1124]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1062]" captionTargetId="figure-380@23.[145,1425,195,1062]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 15. Primnoeides flagellum sp. nov. holotype. (a) Close up of section of branchlet; (b) whole colony." pageId="21" pageNumber="91">Fig. 15a</figureCitation>
|
||||
; towards tip of colony sometimes paired), three whorls per cm (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFB23258FCCEFBAC6AA0703E" box="[854,940,1077,1099]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="24.[163,241,1366,1388]" captionTargetBox="[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetId="figure-208@24.[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 16. Primnoeides flagellum sp. nov. holotype: (a) opercular scales; (b) marginal and body-wall scales; (c) close-up of coenenchymal scales in situ; (d) outer layer of flat coenenchymal scales; (e) anterior view of polyp showing operculum below encroaching marginal scales; (f) side and abaxial view of polyps; (g, i) inner layer of tuberculate spheroid coenenchyme; (h) stereo anterior view of a whorl of polyps." pageId="21" pageNumber="91">Fig. 16h</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Polyps
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFB23258FB93FBAC6D46703E" box="[1035,1098,1077,1099]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||||
tall,
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFB23258FBE7FBAC6DDC703E" box="[1151,1232,1077,1099]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
|
||||
wide. Polyp abaxial surface covered with 3–4 longitudinal rows of body-wall scales although pattern obscured as body-wall scales are irregularly placed (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFB23258FBB0FB086D7770D2" box="[1064,1147,1169,1191]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="24.[163,241,1366,1388]" captionTargetBox="[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetId="figure-208@24.[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 16. Primnoeides flagellum sp. nov. holotype: (a) opercular scales; (b) marginal and body-wall scales; (c) close-up of coenenchymal scales in situ; (d) outer layer of flat coenenchymal scales; (e) anterior view of polyp showing operculum below encroaching marginal scales; (f) side and abaxial view of polyps; (g, i) inner layer of tuberculate spheroid coenenchyme; (h) stereo anterior view of a whorl of polyps." pageId="21" pageNumber="91">Fig. 16f</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Operculum mostly hidden beneath marginal scales (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFB23258FBE9FB296DCA70B3" box="[1137,1222,1200,1222]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="24.[163,241,1366,1388]" captionTargetBox="[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetId="figure-208@24.[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 16. Primnoeides flagellum sp. nov. holotype: (a) opercular scales; (b) marginal and body-wall scales; (c) close-up of coenenchymal scales in situ; (d) outer layer of flat coenenchymal scales; (e) anterior view of polyp showing operculum below encroaching marginal scales; (f) side and abaxial view of polyps; (g, i) inner layer of tuberculate spheroid coenenchyme; (h) stereo anterior view of a whorl of polyps." pageId="21" pageNumber="91">Fig. 16e</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Opercular scales tongue-shaped (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFB23258FC41FB576D3D7091" box="[985,1073,1230,1252]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="24.[163,241,1366,1388]" captionTargetBox="[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetId="figure-208@24.[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 16. Primnoeides flagellum sp. nov. holotype: (a) opercular scales; (b) marginal and body-wall scales; (c) close-up of coenenchymal scales in situ; (d) outer layer of flat coenenchymal scales; (e) anterior view of polyp showing operculum below encroaching marginal scales; (f) side and abaxial view of polyps; (g, i) inner layer of tuberculate spheroid coenenchyme; (h) stereo anterior view of a whorl of polyps." pageId="21" pageNumber="91">Fig. 16a</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with smooth outer surface and small patch of tubercles on inner proximal surface.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFB23258FCD9FA956D2971E9" blockId="21.[809,1426,893,1559]" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">
|
||||
Marginal and body-wall scales (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFB23258FB5AFA956C2E7157" box="[1218,1314,1292,1314]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="24.[163,241,1366,1388]" captionTargetBox="[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetId="figure-208@24.[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 16. Primnoeides flagellum sp. nov. holotype: (a) opercular scales; (b) marginal and body-wall scales; (c) close-up of coenenchymal scales in situ; (d) outer layer of flat coenenchymal scales; (e) anterior view of polyp showing operculum below encroaching marginal scales; (f) side and abaxial view of polyps; (g, i) inner layer of tuberculate spheroid coenenchyme; (h) stereo anterior view of a whorl of polyps." pageId="21" pageNumber="91">Fig. 16b</figureCitation>
|
||||
) non-differentiated, circular to wide-elliptical in shape with smooth outer surfaces. Inner scale surface has small area of tubercles proximally and smooth band following scale’s distal edge.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFB23258FCD9FA3C6D787263" blockId="21.[809,1426,893,1559]" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">
|
||||
Two layers of coenenchymal scales: outer layer circular, very similar to body-wall and marginal scales (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFB23258FCA9FA7B6AAF718D" box="[817,931,1506,1528]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="24.[163,241,1366,1388]" captionTargetBox="[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetId="figure-208@24.[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 16. Primnoeides flagellum sp. nov. holotype: (a) opercular scales; (b) marginal and body-wall scales; (c) close-up of coenenchymal scales in situ; (d) outer layer of flat coenenchymal scales; (e) anterior view of polyp showing operculum below encroaching marginal scales; (f) side and abaxial view of polyps; (g, i) inner layer of tuberculate spheroid coenenchyme; (h) stereo anterior view of a whorl of polyps." pageId="21" pageNumber="91">Fig. 16c, d</figureCitation>
|
||||
); inner layer spheroid-shaped sclerites covered in tubercles (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFB23258FC6EF9986D687262" box="[1014,1124,1537,1559]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="24.[163,241,1366,1388]" captionTargetBox="[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetId="figure-208@24.[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 16. Primnoeides flagellum sp. nov. holotype: (a) opercular scales; (b) marginal and body-wall scales; (c) close-up of coenenchymal scales in situ; (d) outer layer of flat coenenchymal scales; (e) anterior view of polyp showing operculum below encroaching marginal scales; (f) side and abaxial view of polyps; (g, i) inner layer of tuberculate spheroid coenenchyme; (h) stereo anterior view of a whorl of polyps." pageId="21" pageNumber="91">
|
||||
Fig.
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFB23258FBB0F9986D5C7262" box="[1064,1104,1537,1559]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.6" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" unit="g" value="16.0">16g</quantity>
|
||||
, i
|
||||
</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFB23258FCB1F9D96DC972E6" blockId="21.[809,1425,1600,1683]" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB23258FCB1F9D96D0A7220" box="[809,1030,1600,1621]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">Known distribution</emphasis>
|
||||
: Specimens collected from Melville Bank and Middle of What seamounts on the SW Indian Ocean Ridge at
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFB23258FC45F9E46D7972E7" box="[989,1141,1661,1682]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1795" metricValueMax="1.339" metricValueMin="1.02" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" unit="m" value="1179.5" valueMax="1339.0" valueMin="1020.0">1020–1339 m</quantity>
|
||||
depth.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFB23258FCB1F9216DCD7299" blockId="21.[809,1424,1720,1772]" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB23258FCB1F9216AA872B8" box="[809,932,1720,1741]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||||
: Named after the Latin for ‘whip’, as this species has a whip-like colony form.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFB2325AFCB1F88C69E271F0" blockId="21.[809,1425,1813,1896]" lastBlockId="23.[145,762,1176,1566]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB23258FCB1F88C6A98735F" box="[809,916,1813,1834]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||||
: The 0.2% genetic variability across five genes (most variation found within
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB23258FB72F8AD6C14733C" box="[1258,1304,1844,1865]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">18S</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB23258FAC2F8AD6C8B733C" box="[1370,1415,1844,1865]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">28S</emphasis>
|
||||
) that separates
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFB23258FC71F8CA6DA67312" authorityName="Wright & Studer" authorityYear="1889" box="[1001,1194,1874,1896]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoeides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sertularoides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB23258FC71F8CA6DA67312" box="[1001,1194,1874,1896]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">P. sertularoides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFB23258FB61F8CA6C9D7312" authorityName="Taylor & Rogers" authorityYear="2017" box="[1273,1425,1874,1896]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoeides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flagellum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB23258FB61F8CA6C05731D" box="[1273,1289,1875,1896]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">P</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB23258FA83F8CB6C9D7312" box="[1307,1425,1874,1895]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">flagellum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
would not be considered enough for many barcoding or species definition studies. However, given the acknowledged low rate of genetic variation in coral mitochondrial DNA (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="60736CDFFFB0325AFE0BFB6D6B8A717C" author="Shearer TL & Van Oppen MJ & Romano SL & Worheide G" box="[403,646,1268,1290]" pageId="23" pageNumber="93" pagination="2475 - 2487" refId="ref15627" refString="Shearer TL, Van Oppen MJ, Romano SL, Worheide G. 2002. Slow mitochondrial DNA sequence evolution in the Anthozoa (Cnidaria). Molecular Ecology 11: 2475-2487." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||||
Shearer
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB0325AFE66FB6C6B37717C" box="[510,571,1268,1290]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="93">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 2002
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) and low genetic variability between other octocoral species (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="60736CDFFFB0325AFF02FAA868A97132" author="McFadden CS & Benayahu Y & Pante E & Thoma JN & Nevarez A & France SC" box="[154,421,1329,1351]" pageId="23" pageNumber="93" pagination="19 - 31" refId="ref14989" refString="McFadden CS, Benayahu Y, Pante E, Thoma JN, Nevarez A, P., France SC. 2011. Limitations of mitochondrial gene barcoding in Octocorallia. Molecular Ecology Resources 11: 19-31." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||||
McFadden
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB0325AFE87FAAB68587133" box="[287,340,1329,1351]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="93">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
., 2011
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), alongside the clear differentiation in colony shape, we believe this distinction is valid.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="509D41A6FFB1325BFF3BF9746844734B" pageId="22" pageNumber="92" startId="22.[163,241,1773,1795]" targetBox="[259,1347,195,1734]" targetPageId="22" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFB1325BFF3BF9746844734B" blockId="22.[163,1443,1773,1854]" pageId="22" pageNumber="92">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB1325BFF3BF974681B7377" bold="true" box="[163,279,1773,1795]" pageId="22" pageNumber="92">Figure 14.</emphasis>
|
||||
(a) Arcturid isopod on colony of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFB1325BFDF1F9776A747371" authorityName="Wright & Studer" authorityYear="1889" box="[617,888,1774,1796]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoeides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="22" pageNumber="92" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sertularoides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB1325BFDF1F9776A747371" box="[617,888,1774,1796]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="92">Primnoeides sertularoides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(NHMUK 2016.44, JC066-3174); (b) many colonies of
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB1325BFF3BF89568877354" box="[163,395,1803,1825]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="92">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFB1325BFF3BF895684E7354" authorityName="Wright & Studer" authorityYear="1889" box="[163,322,1803,1825]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoeides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="22" pageNumber="92" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sertularoides">P. sertularoides</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in situ
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
, in a mixed octocoral garden; (c) colony of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFB1325BFCDAF8956D477354" authority=", NHMUK" authorityName="NHMUK" box="[834,1099,1803,1825]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoeides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="22" pageNumber="92" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sertularoides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB1325BFCDAF8956AED7354" box="[834,993,1803,1825]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="92">P. sertularoides</emphasis>
|
||||
, NHMUK
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
2016.43 (JC066-3165). (a) Taken by David Shale.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="509D41A6FFB0325AFF0BFBD76C0D7011" box="[147,1281,1102,1124]" pageId="23" pageNumber="93" startId="23.[147,225,1102,1124]" targetBox="[145,1425,195,1062]" targetPageId="23" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFB0325AFF0BFBD76C0D7011" blockId="23.[147,1281,1102,1124]" box="[147,1281,1102,1124]" pageId="23" pageNumber="93">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB0325AFF0BFBD76B7B7016" bold="true" box="[147,631,1102,1124]" pageId="23" pageNumber="93">
|
||||
Figure 15.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFB0325AFE89FBD76B167011" authorityName="Taylor & Rogers" authorityYear="2017" box="[273,538,1102,1124]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoeides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="93" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flagellum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB0325AFE89FBD76B167011" bold="true" box="[273,538,1102,1124]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="93">Primnoeides flagellum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2DA57047FFB0325AFDB8FBD76B7B7016" box="[544,631,1102,1123]" pageId="23" pageNumber="93" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
holotype. (a) Close up of section of branchlet; (b) whole colony.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFB0325AFF31FA14683D726B" blockId="23.[145,762,1176,1566]" pageId="23" pageNumber="93">
|
||||
This species could be the same as that occurring
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFB0325AFF55FA35685F71B7" box="[205,339,1452,1474]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="93" unit="m" value="425.0" valueMax="450.0" valueMin="400.0">400–450 m</quantity>
|
||||
depth off the east coast of Africa, alluded to, but not described, in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="60736CDFFFB0325AFDB4FA526BFD7195" author="Williams GC" box="[556,753,1483,1505]" pageId="23" pageNumber="93" pagination="181 - 296" refId="ref15943" refString="Williams GC. 1992. The Alcyonacea of Southern Africa. Gorgonian corals. Annals of the South African Museum 101: 181-296." type="journal article" year="1992">Williams (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. Observation of those specimens is required for confirmation.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFB0325AFF09F9DE6C4E70B9" blockId="23.[145,761,1607,1874]" lastBlockId="23.[809,1424,1176,1229]" pageId="23" pageNumber="93">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB0325AFF09F9DE6B0C7229" box="[145,512,1607,1628]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="93">
|
||||
Comparisons:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFB0325AFEC1F9DE6B0C7229" box="[345,512,1607,1628]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoeides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="93" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Primnoeides</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
was a monotypic genus before this description and genus revision.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFB0325AFF09F91D68B572EC" box="[145,441,1668,1689]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoeides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="93" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sertularoides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB0325AFF09F91D68B572EC" box="[145,441,1668,1689]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="93">Primnoeides sertularoides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has a uniplanar colony with opposite branching, very distinct from the flagelliform colony of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFB0325AFF66F95B688672A3" authorityName="Taylor & Rogers" authorityYear="2017" box="[254,394,1729,1751]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoeides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="93" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flagellum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB0325AFF66F95B688672A3" box="[254,394,1729,1751]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="93">P. flagellum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. sp. nov. and distinct from both species formerly within
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB0325AFE2AF97868157361" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="93">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFB0325AFE2AF9786B4A7283" authorityName="Zapata-Guardiola & Lopez-Gonzalez" authorityYear="2010" box="[434,582,1761,1782]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Digitogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="93" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Digitogorgia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
–
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFB0325AFDFEF97968157361" baseAuthorityName="Zapata-Guardiola & Lopez-Gonzalez" baseAuthorityYear="2010" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoeides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="93" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kuekenthali">Primnoeides kuekenthali</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFB0325AFECBF96668BA7361" authorityName="Zapata-Guardiola & Lopez-Gonzalez" authorityYear="2010" box="[339,438,1791,1812]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Digitogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="93" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brochi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB0325AFECBF96668BA7361" box="[339,438,1791,1812]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="93">P. brochi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
– which both have a bottlebrush colony branching pattern. In addition, opercular scales of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFB0325AFF6DF8A468737324" authorityName="Taylor & Rogers" authorityYear="2017" box="[245,383,1852,1874]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoeides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="93" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flagellum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB0325AFF6DF8A468097327" box="[245,261,1853,1874]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="93">P</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB0325AFE8AF8A568737324" box="[274,383,1852,1873]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="93">flagellum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are differentiated from marginal and body-wall scales as they are tongue-shaped; this is not the case in specimens of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFB0325AFB13FB2E6C3770B9" box="[1163,1339,1207,1228]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoeides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="93" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sertularoides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB0325AFB13FB2E6C3770B9" box="[1163,1339,1207,1228]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="93">P. sertularoides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
201
data/8C/4B/A0/8C4BA038FFB33258FE80FA526B9A70C1.xml
Normal file
201
data/8C/4B/A0/8C4BA038FFB33258FE80FA526B9A70C1.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
|
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<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB33259FE80FA5268B97197" box="[280,437,1483,1506]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="90">PRIMNOEIDES</emphasis>
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&
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|
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<bibRefCitation id="60736CDFFFB33259FE0FFA706B3A7277" author="Studer T" box="[407,566,1513,1538]" pageId="20" pageNumber="90" pagination="1 - 74" refId="ref15704" refString="Studer T. 1887. Versuch Eines Systemes der Alcyonaria. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 53: 1-74." type="journal article" year="1887">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="02BB87F2FFB33259FE0FFA7068FD7275" baselines="1532,1531" box="[407,497,1513,1538]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Studer" pageId="20" pageNumber="90">STUDER</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
, 1887
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
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|
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|
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|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB33259FF3BF98868397253" box="[163,309,1553,1574]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="90">Primnoeides</emphasis>
|
||||
Studer & Wright
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="8543373FFFB33259FDB6F9886BFD7252" author="Studer T" box="[558,753,1553,1575]" page="52" pageId="20" pageNumber="90" year="1887">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="60736CDFFFB33259FDB6F9886BFD7252" author="Studer T" box="[558,753,1553,1575]" pageId="20" pageNumber="90" pagination="1 - 74" refId="ref15704" refString="Studer T. 1887. Versuch Eines Systemes der Alcyonaria. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 53: 1-74." type="journal article" year="1887">Studer, 1887: 52</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
. –
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="60736CDFFFB33259FF23F9A968477233" author="Bayer FM" box="[187,331,1584,1606]" pageId="20" pageNumber="90" refId="ref13989" refString="Bayer FM. 1956. Octocorallia. In: Moore RC, ed. Treatise on Invertebrate Palaeontology. Lawrence, Kansas: University of Kansas Press. F 166 - F 189, F 192 - F 231." type="journal volume" year="1956">Bayer, 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: F220; 1961: 292 [illustrated key to genus]; – 1981: 934 [key to genus]. –
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="8543373FFFB33259FDC8F9D6682172F6" author="Bayer FM & Stefani J" page="455" pageId="20" pageNumber="90" year="1989">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="60736CDFFFB33259FDC8F9D6682172F6" author="Bayer FM & Stefani J" pageId="20" pageNumber="90" pagination="449 - 518" refId="ref14102" refString="Bayer FM, Stefani J. 1989. Primnoidae (Gorgonacea) De Nouvelle-Caledonie. Bulletin de Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, Serie 4 10: 449-518." type="journal article" year="1989">Bayer & Stefani, 1989: 455</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
[key to genus]. –
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="8543373FFFB33259FD9BF9F46BFC72F6" author="Williams GC" box="[515,752,1645,1667]" page="276" pageId="20" pageNumber="90" year="1992">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="60736CDFFFB33259FD9BF9F46BFC72F6" author="Williams GC" box="[515,752,1645,1667]" pageId="20" pageNumber="90" pagination="181 - 296" refId="ref15943" refString="Williams GC. 1992. The Alcyonacea of Southern Africa. Gorgonian corals. Annals of the South African Museum 101: 181-296." type="journal article" year="1992">Williams, 1992: 276</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
. –
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="8543373FFFB33259FF23F91568D472D4" author="Cairns SD & Bayer FM" box="[187,472,1676,1698]" page="23" pageId="20" pageNumber="90" year="2009">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="60736CDFFFB33259FF23F91568D472D4" author="Cairns SD & Bayer FM" box="[187,472,1676,1698]" pageId="20" pageNumber="90" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref14472" refString="Cairns SD, Bayer FM. 2009. A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 629: 1-79." type="journal article" year="2009">Cairns & Bayer, 2009: 23</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
, fig. 3A–F.
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFB33259FF3BF9326BF2728B" blockId="20.[163,779,1553,1913]" pageId="20" pageNumber="90">
|
||||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="24F23600FFB33259FF3BF9326BF2728B" pageId="20" pageNumber="90">
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="8543373FFFB33259FF3BF9326B5172B5" author="Wright EP & Studer T" box="[163,605,1707,1729]" page="90" pageId="20" pageNumber="90" year="1889">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFB33259FF3BF9326B5172B5" authority="Wright & Studer, 1889: 90" authorityName="Wright & Studer" authorityPageNumber="90" authorityYear="1889" box="[163,605,1707,1729]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="90" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB33259FF3BF932682B72B5" box="[163,295,1707,1728]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="90">Primnoides</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="60736CDFFFB33259FEB5F9326B5172B5" author="Wright EP & Studer T" box="[301,605,1707,1729]" pageId="20" pageNumber="90" pagination="1 - 314" refId="ref15969" refString="Wright EP, Studer T. 1889. Report on the Alcyonaria Collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the Years 1873 - 76 Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the Years 1873 - 76, Zoology. 1-314." type="book chapter" year="1889">Wright & Studer, 1889: 90</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
[incorrect subsequent spelling]. –
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="8543373FFFB33259FE3AF9506B6472AB" author="Versluys J" box="[418,616,1737,1759]" page="9" pageId="20" pageNumber="90" year="1906">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="60736CDFFFB33259FE3AF9506B6472AB" author="Versluys J" box="[418,616,1737,1759]" pageId="20" pageNumber="90" pagination="1 - 187" refId="ref15865" refString="Versluys J. 1906. Die Gorgoniden Der Siboga - Expedition Siboga-Expeditie. 1-187." type="book chapter" year="1906">Versluys, 1906: 9</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
. –
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="8543373FFFB33259FD11F95068257288" author="Kukenthal W" page="142" pageId="20" pageNumber="90" year="1915">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="60736CDFFFB33259FD11F95068257288" author="Kukenthal W" pageId="20" pageNumber="90" pagination="142 - 158" refId="ref14775" refString="Kukenthal W. 1915. System und Stammesgeschichte der Primnoidae. Zoologischrn Anzeiger 46: 142-158." type="journal article" year="1915">Kükenthal, 1915: 142</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
, 144 [key to genus]; 1919: 339; 1924: 253.
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFB33259FF3BF89E68F6730C" blockId="20.[163,779,1553,1913]" pageId="20" pageNumber="90">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFB33259FF3BF89E6860734F" authority="Zapata-Guardiola & Lopez-Gonzalez, 2010 a: 317 - 320" authorityName="Zapata-Guardiola & Lopez-Gonzalez" authorityPageNumber="317 - 320" authorityYear="2010" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Digitogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="90" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB33259FF3BF89E68377369" box="[163,315,1799,1820]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="90">Digitogorgia</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="60736CDFFFB33259FEDDF89E69FA734F" author="Zapata-Guardiola R & Lopez-Gonzalez PJ" pageId="20" pageNumber="90" pagination="48 - 68" refId="ref16112" refString="Zapata-Guardiola R, Lopez-Gonzalez PJ. 2010 b. Redescription of Thouarella brucei Thomson and Ritchie, 1906 (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Primnoidae) and description of two new Antarctic primnoid species. Zootaxa: 48-68." type="book chapter" year="2010">Zapata-Guardiola & López-González, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
a: 317–320
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, figs. 2c, d, 7–10). –
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="60736CDFFFB33259FDD8F8BC6B2A732F" author="Zapata-Guardiola R & Lopez-Gonzalez PJ" pageId="20" pageNumber="90" pagination="48 - 68" refId="ref16112" refString="Zapata-Guardiola R, Lopez-Gonzalez PJ. 2010 b. Redescription of Thouarella brucei Thomson and Ritchie, 1906 (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Primnoidae) and description of two new Antarctic primnoid species. Zootaxa: 48-68." type="book chapter" year="2010">Zapata-Guardiola & López-González, 2010b: 56–63</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
(figs. 8–12). –
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="60736CDFFFB33259FD5AF8DD6891730D" author="Taylor ML & Rogers AD" pageId="20" pageNumber="90" pagination="185 - 204" refId="ref15785" refString="Taylor ML, Rogers AD. 2015. Evolutionary dynamics of a common sub-Antarctic octocoral family. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 84: 185-204." type="journal article" year="2015">Taylor & Rogers, 2015: 189</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
(listed).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="4CF842A5FFB33258FCA3FA556B9A70C1" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="20" pageNumber="90" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFB33258FCA3FA5568837542" blockId="20.[827,1444,1483,1904]" lastBlockId="21.[145,761,197,311]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="20" pageNumber="90">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB33259FCA3FA556AF27195" box="[827,1022,1483,1505]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="90">Diagnosis (from</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="60736CDFFFB33259FB9FFA526C1D7194" author="Cairns SD & Bayer FM" box="[1031,1297,1483,1505]" pageId="20" pageNumber="90" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref14472" refString="Cairns SD, Bayer FM. 2009. A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 629: 1-79." type="journal article" year="2009">Cairns & Bayer, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB33259FAB9FA526A75718A" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="90">changes in bold)</emphasis>
|
||||
: Colonies uniplanar, branching in an opposite pinnate manner,
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB33259FBA0F9916C91726B" bold="true" box="[1080,1437,1544,1566]" pageId="20" pageNumber="90">flagelliform or bottlebrush</emphasis>
|
||||
. Calyces arranged in pairs or whorls of three, calyces inclined upwards. Rudimentary operculum composed of small round,
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB33259FC6BF9FC6A8D72ED" bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="90">tongue-shaped or elongate triangular</emphasis>
|
||||
scales that bear no keel on the inner surface. Body-wall and marginal scales similar in shape, becoming progressively smaller distally. Small calyces completely covered with eight longitudinal rows of body-wall scales, with larger calyces
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB33259FB79F9676C657361" bold="true" box="[1249,1385,1790,1812]" pageId="20" pageNumber="90">sometimes</emphasis>
|
||||
having additional basal scales placed in an irregular manner, resulting in non-linear arrangement of body-wall scales. Broadly, outer surface of scales smooth, inner surface with only sparse tubercles. Coenenchymal scales in two layers: outer layer consists of smooth, flat, circular to elliptical scales; inner layer of small tuberculate spheroids.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFB23258FF09FEF8688275E1" blockId="21.[145,761,352,404]" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB23258FF09FEF868147500" box="[145,280,352,374]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="DB59AF8CFFB23258FF09FEF869CA7503" box="[145,198,353,374]" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">Type</typeStatus>
|
||||
species
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFB23258FEBCFEF86BD87500" authority="Wright & Studer, 1889" authorityName="Wright & Studer" authorityYear="1889" box="[292,724,352,374]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoeides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sertularoides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB23258FEBCFEF868DC7500" box="[292,464,352,374]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">P. sertularoides</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="60736CDFFFB23258FE4DFEF96BD87500" author="Wright EP & Studer T" box="[469,724,352,374]" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" pagination="1 - 314" refId="ref15969" refString="Wright EP, Studer T. 1889. Report on the Alcyonaria Collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the Years 1873 - 76 Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the Years 1873 - 76, Zoology. 1-314." type="book chapter" year="1889">Wright & Studer, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, by subsequent monotypy.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFB23258FF09FE276BF67584" blockId="21.[145,762,445,498]" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB23258FF09FE27687B75A7" box="[145,375,445,467]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">Known distribution</emphasis>
|
||||
: Southern tip of South America, Southern Africa to the SW Indian Ocean,
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFB23258FDCFFE456BFA7584" box="[599,758,476,498]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28975" metricValueMax="2.468" metricValueMin="0.1115" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" unit="m" value="1289.75" valueMax="2468.0" valueMin="111.5">111.5–2468 m</quantity>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFB23258FF09FD836B9A70C1" blockId="21.[145,762,538,1204]" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB23258FF09FD8369F4765A" box="[145,248,538,559]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||||
: With the addition of a species to the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFB23258FF09FDA0682F763B" box="[145,291,569,590]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoeides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB23258FF09FDA0682F763B" box="[145,291,569,590]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">Primnoeides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
that has a layer of inner coenenchymal tuberculate scales, and regularly has whorls of three polyps (see
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFB23258FEBBFDEE68B976FE" authorityName="Taylor & Rogers" authorityYear="2017" box="[291,437,630,652]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoeides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flagellum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB23258FEBBFDEE68B976FE" box="[291,437,630,652]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">P. flagellum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2DA57047FFB23258FE58FDEE6B1376F9" box="[448,543,631,652]" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
), there is need to reassess the taxonomic classification of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFB23258FDFAFD0F6BFF76DE" authorityName="Zapata-Guardiola & Lopez-Gonzalez" authorityYear="2010" box="[610,755,662,683]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Digitogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB23258FDFAFD0F6BFF76DE" box="[610,755,662,683]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">Digitogorgia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which also has these morphological characters and was placed in a well-supported clade alongside
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFB23258FF09FD68682F7773" box="[145,291,753,774]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoeides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB23258FF09FD68682F7773" box="[145,291,753,774]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">Primnoeides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in phylogenetic analysis (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFB23258FDC3FD686B917773" box="[603,669,753,775]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[163,242,1796,1818]" captionTargetBox="[259,1347,197,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-30@4.[259,1347,195,1756]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Fifty-percent majority rule consensus Bayesian Inference phylogenetic tree from five-gene concatenated alignment. Purple represents samples from the SW Indian Ocean (triangles are previously described species and squares are new specimens presented here), red pentagons are specimens from the Atlantic and blue circles are specimens from the sub-Antarctic. Outgroups were Chrysogorgiidae (JC066-0714) and Chrysogorgia chryseis (CR106-2)." pageId="21" pageNumber="91">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
). These genera share many common characters: cylindrical polyp shape, flat, round scales, a rudimentary operculum and similar scale orientation (both have eight regular rows at the polyp base, which becomes more haphazard towards the polyp anterior in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFB23258FF09FC30682877CB" box="[145,292,937,958]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoeides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB23258FF09FC30682877CB" box="[145,292,937,958]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">Primnoeides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFB23258FEA4FC3368DC77CA" authorityName="Zapata-Guardiola & Lopez-Gonzalez" authorityYear="2010" box="[316,464,938,959]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Digitogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB23258FEA4FC3368DC77CA" box="[316,464,938,959]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">Digitogorgia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is seemingly only differentiated from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFB23258FEA3FC5168C177A8" box="[315,461,968,989]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoeides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB23258FEA3FC5168C177A8" box="[315,461,968,989]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">Primnoeides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by having species with a bottlebrush colony shape. And, with the expansion of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFB23258FF09FB9C6813706F" box="[145,287,1029,1050]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoeides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB23258FF09FB9C6813706F" box="[145,287,1029,1050]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">Primnoeides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
to include a second colony shape (fan and now flagelliform as well), colony shape seems a weak reason for their continued separation. We hereby propose
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFB23258FF51FBFB68547002" authorityName="Zapata-Guardiola & Lopez-Gonzalez" authorityYear="2010" box="[201,344,1122,1143]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Digitogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB23258FF51FBFB68547002" box="[201,344,1122,1143]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">Digitogorgia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as a junior synonym of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFB23258FDFCFBF86BFE7003" box="[612,754,1121,1142]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoeides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB23258FDFCFBF86BFE7003" box="[612,754,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="91">Primnoeides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, with the latter taking precedence according to the Principle of Priority, article 23.1 of the ICZN.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
284
data/8C/4B/A0/8C4BA038FFB5325FFEB2FBAB6D927302.xml
Normal file
284
data/8C/4B/A0/8C4BA038FFB5325FFEB2FBAB6D927302.xml
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|
|
@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
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|
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|
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<mods:namePart id="9922235FB8CB60392CD3306DAFAF01F9">Rogers, A. D.</mods:namePart>
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|
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<mods:title id="B49CD16365B7A65534BFECA79075DF27">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part id="F25161E005124937809D0ACDAB02063A">
|
||||
<mods:date id="996585BE3C704270772C5E2CE22418AB">2017</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="BD52A8BC315EB6AAA21A1CC54B6F6959" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="398022ABB6494BD612EF2D007C0DD19B">181</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent id="6ABB34A71B5F67C082376C4ECC00938B" unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start id="012C6FE4E064A973C10EF75F7E8DDFAA">70</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end id="F072AB7C3E20C693F3694D4B38144832">97</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="CED638CCDB702A30C89115841AFDA4AA">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="67AA9862C7222EA74EACC698BE93E885" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="E0548B72FD3390AA0D5669ECF3E037ED" type="ZooBank">B0CAB95-20E6-494C-ACAD-ABE7CEC63C95</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="8C4BA038FFB5325FFEB2FBAB6D927302" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14805568" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14805568" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8C4BA038FFB5325FFEB2FBAB6D927302" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8C4BA038FFB5325FFEB2FBAB6D927302" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="4CF842A5FFB5325FFEB2FBAB6B8F703F" box="[298,643,1074,1098]" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFB5325FFEB2FBAB6B8F703F" blockId="18.[298,643,1074,1098]" box="[298,643,1074,1098]" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">
|
||||
<heading id="5F15A642FFB5325FFEB2FBAB6B8F703F" box="[298,643,1074,1098]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" reason="2">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFB5325FFEB2FBAB6B15703F" ID-CoL="6W98J" authorityName="Taylor & Rogers" authorityYear="2017" box="[298,537,1074,1098]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bisquama" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="02BB87F2FFB5325FFEB2FBAB6896703C" baselines="1091,1092" box="[298,410,1074,1097]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Primnoa" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">PRIMNOA</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="02BB87F2FFB5325FFE39FBAF6B15703F" baselines="1093" box="[417,537,1078,1098]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="bisquama" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">BISQUAMA</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB5325FFDB9FBAC6B8F703F" bold="true" box="[545,643,1074,1098]" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2DA57047FFB5325FFDB9FBAC6B8F703F" box="[545,643,1074,1098]" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" rank="species">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="02BB87F2FFB5325FFDB9FBAC6B32703D" baselines="1091" box="[545,574,1077,1096]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="sp" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">SP</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="02BB87F2FFB5325FFDD3FBAC6B70703D" baselines="1091" box="[587,636,1077,1096]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="nov" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">NOV</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="4CF842A5FFB5325FFEE0FBC06D927302" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFB5325FFEE0FBC06B397007" blockId="18.[376,565,1113,1138]" box="[376,565,1113,1138]" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFB5325FFE18FBC068D07007" box="[384,476,1113,1138]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[163,242,689,711]" captionTargetBox="[167,775,195,649]" captionTargetId="figure-770@2.[167,775,195,649]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. New species in situ. (a) Narella valentine sp. nov.; (b) Primnoa bisquama sp. nov., pink colony within Goniocorella dumosa framework; (c) Narella candidae sp. nov.; (d) yellow whip colony, Primnoeides flagellum sp. nov. Images taken by the Kiel 6000 on JC066." pageId="18" pageNumber="88">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="02BB87F2FFB5325FFE18FBC068BA7005" baselines="1132,1131" box="[384,438,1113,1138]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Figs" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">FIGS</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
2B
|
||||
</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFB5325FFE71FBC26B087005" box="[489,516,1115,1136]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="19.[145,223,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[241,1329,195,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-28@19.[241,1329,195,1734]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 12. Colony, branchlet and polyps of Primnoa bisquama sp. nov. holotype: (a) colony; (b) close-up of branchlet; (c) lateral view of polyp; (d) stereo image of polyp operculum." pageId="18" pageNumber="88">12</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFB5325FFD8AFBC26B217005" box="[530,557,1115,1136]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="20.[163,243,1366,1388]" captionTargetBox="[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetId="figure-266@20.[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 13. Sclerites, polyp and axis images of Primnoa bisquama sp. nov. holotype: (a–d) opercular; (e, s) tentacular rods; (f–i) marginal scales; (j–n) body-wall scales; (o) coenenchymal scales; (p) abaxial polyp view; (q) axis, showing coenenchyme in situ; (r) inter-body wall scales." pageId="18" pageNumber="88">13</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFB5325FFF3BFB186BBD71BF" blockId="18.[163,779,1153,1482]" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB5325FFF3BFB18688270E3" box="[163,398,1153,1174]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="B48A1B73FFB5325FFE38FB18689B7087" collectingDate="2011-11-14" collectionCode="NHMUK, JC" elevation="952" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" specimenCode="NHMUK 2016.38, JC066-960" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="DB59AF8CFFB5325FFE38FB186B0370E2" box="[416,527,1153,1175]" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
–
|
||||
<specimenCode id="5444B955FFB5325FFDABFB1B6A0570E2" box="[563,777,1153,1175]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" type="Museum">NHMUK 2016.38</specimenCode>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<specimenCode id="5444B955FFB5325FFF33FB39683D70C3" box="[171,305,1184,1206]" collectionCode="JC" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">JC066-960</specimenCode>
|
||||
), RRS
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB5325FFE10FB386B1670C0" box="[392,538,1184,1206]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">James Cook</emphasis>
|
||||
, sta. 4, ev. 9, Coral seamount, 41°21′20.103′S, 42°55′8.423′E,
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFB5325FFD2EFB276A0A70A1" box="[694,774,1214,1236]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.52" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" unit="m" value="952.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="8FCFF61DFFB5325FFD2EFB276A0A70A1" box="[694,774,1214,1236]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.52" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" unit="m" value="952.0">952 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="705C37EEFFB5325FFF3BFB44689B7087" box="[163,407,1245,1267]" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" value="2011-11-14">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="6018CE06FFB5325FFF3BFB44689B7087" box="[163,407,1245,1267]" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" value="2011-11-14">14 November 2011</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="B48A1B73FFB5325FFE30FB476854713B" collectingDate="2011-12-02" collectionCode="NHMUK, JC" elevation="1339" location="Middle of What" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" specimenCode="NHMUK 2016.39, JC066-3518" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="DB59AF8CFFB5325FFE30FB476B127086" box="[424,542,1246,1267]" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<specimenCode id="5444B955FFB5325FFDB6FB476A057086" box="[558,777,1245,1267]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" type="Museum">NHMUK 2016.39</specimenCode>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<specimenCode id="5444B955FFB5325FFF33FB6568497167" box="[171,325,1276,1298]" collectionCode="JC" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">JC066-3518</specimenCode>
|
||||
), sta. 6, ev. 7,
|
||||
<location id="013D47F5FFB5325FFD9EFB656BC17167" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8C4BA038FFB5325FFEB2FBAB6D927302:013D47F5FFB5325FFD9EFB656BC17167" box="[518,717,1276,1298]" name="Middle of What" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">Middle of What</location>
|
||||
seamount, 37°56′37.200′S, 50°27′06.450′E,
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFB5325FFD09FA826BE27145" box="[657,750,1307,1328]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.339" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" unit="m" value="1339.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="8FCFF61DFFB5325FFD09FA826BE27145" box="[657,750,1307,1328]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.339" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" unit="m" value="1339.0">1339 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="705C37EEFFB5325FFD65FA826854713B" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" value="2011-12-02">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="6018CE06FFB5325FFD65FA826854713B" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" value="2011-12-02">2 December 2011</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="B48A1B73FFB5325FFEFCFAA36B9971F9" collectingDate="2011-12-02" collectionCode="NHMUK, JC" elevation="1309" location="Middle of What" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" specimenCode="NHMUK 2016.40, JC066-3568" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<specimenCode id="5444B955FFB5325FFEFCFAA36B3C713A" box="[356,560,1337,1359]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" type="Museum">NHMUK 2016.40</specimenCode>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<specimenCode id="5444B955FFB5325FFDA7FAA06BC1713A" box="[575,717,1337,1359]" collectionCode="JC" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">JC066-3568</specimenCode>
|
||||
), sta. 6, ev. 7,
|
||||
<location id="013D47F5FFB5325FFE9FFAC168CF711B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8C4BA038FFB5325FFEB2FBAB6D927302:013D47F5FFB5325FFE9FFAC168CF711B" box="[263,451,1368,1390]" name="Middle of What" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">Middle of What</location>
|
||||
seamount, 37°56′36.986′S, 50°26′46.044′E,
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFB5325FFEFAFAEE68B671F9" box="[354,442,1399,1420]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.309" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" unit="m" value="1309.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="8FCFF61DFFB5325FFEFAFAEE68B671F9" box="[354,442,1399,1420]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.309" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" unit="m" value="1309.0">1309 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="705C37EEFFB5325FFE5FFAEE6B9971F9" box="[455,661,1398,1420]" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" value="2011-12-02">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="6018CE06FFB5325FFE5FFAEE6B9971F9" box="[455,661,1398,1420]" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" value="2011-12-02">2 December 2011</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="B48A1B73FFB5325FFD3AFAEE6B9571DE" collectionCode="NHMUK, JC" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" specimenCode="NHMUK 2016.41, JC066-3569" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<specimenCode id="5444B955FFB5325FFD3AFAEE69F271DE" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" type="Museum">NHMUK 2016.41</specimenCode>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<specimenCode id="5444B955FFB5325FFE96FA0C689171DE" box="[270,413,1429,1451]" collectionCode="JC" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">JC066-3569</specimenCode>
|
||||
), likely a fragment of
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="B48A1B73FFB5325FFD3AFA0F6B2871BF" collectionCode="NHMUK, JC" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" specimenCode="NHMUK 2016.40, JC066-3568" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<specimenCode id="5444B955FFB5325FFD3AFA0F69F071BF" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" type="Museum">NHMUK 2016.40</specimenCode>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<specimenCode id="5444B955FFB5325FFE92FA2D689971BF" box="[266,405,1460,1482]" collectionCode="JC" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">JC066-3568</specimenCode>
|
||||
). SEM stubs
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
–
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="B48A1B73FFB5325FFDA7FA2D6BA171BF" box="[575,685,1460,1482]" collectionCode="T" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" specimenCode="T154-156" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<specimenCode id="5444B955FFB5325FFDA7FA2D6BA171BF" box="[575,685,1460,1482]" collectionCode="T" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">T154-156</specimenCode>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFB5325FFF3BFA6A6B8572F6" blockId="18.[163,780,1522,1912]" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB5325FFF3BFA6A6829727D" box="[163,293,1523,1544]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">Description</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<typeStatus id="DB59AF8CFFB5325FFEAAFA6B6894727D" box="[306,408,1522,1544]" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
is a
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFB5325FFE57FA6B6B1F727D" box="[463,531,1522,1544]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
|
||||
tall colony, light pink
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB5325FFF3BF98B69F87252" box="[163,244,1554,1575]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB5325FFE9FF98B685A7252" box="[263,342,1554,1575]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">in situ</emphasis>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFB5325FFEC7F98868BD7252" box="[351,433,1553,1575]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[163,242,689,711]" captionTargetBox="[167,775,195,649]" captionTargetId="figure-770@2.[167,775,195,649]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. New species in situ. (a) Narella valentine sp. nov.; (b) Primnoa bisquama sp. nov., pink colony within Goniocorella dumosa framework; (c) Narella candidae sp. nov.; (d) yellow whip colony, Primnoeides flagellum sp. nov. Images taken by the Kiel 6000 on JC066." pageId="18" pageNumber="88">Fig. 2b</figureCitation>
|
||||
), white once preserved (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFB5325FFD46F98869C07230" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="19.[145,223,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[241,1329,195,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-28@19.[241,1329,195,1734]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 12. Colony, branchlet and polyps of Primnoa bisquama sp. nov. holotype: (a) colony; (b) close-up of branchlet; (c) lateral view of polyp; (d) stereo image of polyp operculum." pageId="18" pageNumber="88">Fig. 12a</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Colony uniplanar with infrequent dichotomous branching. Axis near black in colour towards base with gold iridescent hue towards branchlet tips.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFB5325FFF23F9156A00728B" blockId="18.[163,780,1522,1912]" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">
|
||||
Polyps isolated, downward facing (as is typical of this genus;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFB5325FFF6EF933685872B5" box="[246,340,1706,1728]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="19.[145,223,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[241,1329,195,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-28@19.[241,1329,195,1734]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 12. Colony, branchlet and polyps of Primnoa bisquama sp. nov. holotype: (a) colony; (b) close-up of branchlet; (c) lateral view of polyp; (d) stereo image of polyp operculum." pageId="18" pageNumber="88">Fig. 12b</figureCitation>
|
||||
), slightly flared (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFB5325FFDBAF9336B7272B5" box="[546,638,1706,1728]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="19.[145,223,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[241,1329,195,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-28@19.[241,1329,195,1734]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 12. Colony, branchlet and polyps of Primnoa bisquama sp. nov. holotype: (a) colony; (b) close-up of branchlet; (c) lateral view of polyp; (d) stereo image of polyp operculum." pageId="18" pageNumber="88">Fig. 12c</figureCitation>
|
||||
), appressed against branchlets, 2.0–4.0 mm tall (usually around 3.0–4.0 mm,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFB5325FFEB7F971688B728B" box="[303,391,1768,1790]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="19.[145,223,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[241,1329,195,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-28@19.[241,1329,195,1734]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 12. Colony, branchlet and polyps of Primnoa bisquama sp. nov. holotype: (a) colony; (b) close-up of branchlet; (c) lateral view of polyp; (d) stereo image of polyp operculum." pageId="18" pageNumber="88">Fig. 12b</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Polyps placed 3–5 per centimetre.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFB5325FFF23F89F6C867562" blockId="18.[163,780,1522,1912]" lastBlockId="18.[827,1444,197,1047]" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">
|
||||
Operculum well-developed, low in height (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFB5325FFD3BF89F6BF07369" box="[675,764,1798,1820]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="19.[145,223,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[241,1329,195,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-28@19.[241,1329,195,1734]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 12. Colony, branchlet and polyps of Primnoa bisquama sp. nov. holotype: (a) colony; (b) close-up of branchlet; (c) lateral view of polyp; (d) stereo image of polyp operculum." pageId="18" pageNumber="88">Fig. 12c</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Opercular scales tongue-shaped with small, modest keel (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFB5325FFF7EF8DD684B732C" box="[230,327,1860,1882]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="20.[163,243,1366,1388]" captionTargetBox="[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetId="figure-266@20.[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 13. Sclerites, polyp and axis images of Primnoa bisquama sp. nov. holotype: (a–d) opercular; (e, s) tentacular rods; (f–i) marginal scales; (j–n) body-wall scales; (o) coenenchymal scales; (p) abaxial polyp view; (q) axis, showing coenenchyme in situ; (r) inter-body wall scales." pageId="18" pageNumber="88">Fig. 13a</figureCitation>
|
||||
); some nearly flat (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFB5325FFDA0F8DD6B9A732C" box="[568,662,1860,1882]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="20.[163,243,1366,1388]" captionTargetBox="[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetId="figure-266@20.[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 13. Sclerites, polyp and axis images of Primnoa bisquama sp. nov. holotype: (a–d) opercular; (e, s) tentacular rods; (f–i) marginal scales; (j–n) body-wall scales; (o) coenenchymal scales; (p) abaxial polyp view; (q) axis, showing coenenchyme in situ; (r) inter-body wall scales." pageId="18" pageNumber="88">Fig. 13c</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Adaxial opercular scales slightly smaller than abaxial. Outer surfaces smooth (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFB5325FFB93FF5C6D8B74AE" box="[1035,1159,197,219]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="20.[163,243,1366,1388]" captionTargetBox="[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetId="figure-266@20.[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 13. Sclerites, polyp and axis images of Primnoa bisquama sp. nov. holotype: (a–d) opercular; (e, s) tentacular rods; (f–i) marginal scales; (j–n) body-wall scales; (o) coenenchymal scales; (p) abaxial polyp view; (q) axis, showing coenenchyme in situ; (r) inter-body wall scales." pageId="18" pageNumber="88">Fig. 13b, d</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Small tentacular rods abundant, 100–300 μm in length, 50 μm wide (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFB5325FFADDFF7D6C91748C" box="[1349,1437,228,250]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="20.[163,243,1366,1388]" captionTargetBox="[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetId="figure-266@20.[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 13. Sclerites, polyp and axis images of Primnoa bisquama sp. nov. holotype: (a–d) opercular; (e, s) tentacular rods; (f–i) marginal scales; (j–n) body-wall scales; (o) coenenchymal scales; (p) abaxial polyp view; (q) axis, showing coenenchyme in situ; (r) inter-body wall scales." pageId="18" pageNumber="88">Fig. 13e</figureCitation>
|
||||
, same scale as surrounding scales;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFB5325FFB58FE9B6C147562" box="[1216,1304,258,280]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="20.[163,243,1366,1388]" captionTargetBox="[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetId="figure-266@20.[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 13. Sclerites, polyp and axis images of Primnoa bisquama sp. nov. holotype: (a–d) opercular; (e, s) tentacular rods; (f–i) marginal scales; (j–n) body-wall scales; (o) coenenchymal scales; (p) abaxial polyp view; (q) axis, showing coenenchyme in situ; (r) inter-body wall scales." pageId="18" pageNumber="88">Fig. 13s</figureCitation>
|
||||
close up).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFB5325FFCCBFEB86C9B767B" blockId="18.[827,1444,197,1047]" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">
|
||||
Majority of polyp body covered by three pairs of large abaxial scales (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFB5325FFC75FED96D6C7523" box="[1005,1120,320,342]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="20.[163,243,1366,1388]" captionTargetBox="[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetId="figure-266@20.[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 13. Sclerites, polyp and axis images of Primnoa bisquama sp. nov. holotype: (a–d) opercular; (e, s) tentacular rods; (f–i) marginal scales; (j–n) body-wall scales; (o) coenenchymal scales; (p) abaxial polyp view; (q) axis, showing coenenchyme in situ; (r) inter-body wall scales." pageId="18" pageNumber="88">Fig. 13j, k</figureCitation>
|
||||
; two being marginal scales,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFB5325FFCA3FEC76AA77501" box="[827,939,350,372]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="20.[163,243,1366,1388]" captionTargetBox="[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetId="figure-266@20.[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 13. Sclerites, polyp and axis images of Primnoa bisquama sp. nov. holotype: (a–d) opercular; (e, s) tentacular rods; (f–i) marginal scales; (j–n) body-wall scales; (o) coenenchymal scales; (p) abaxial polyp view; (q) axis, showing coenenchyme in situ; (r) inter-body wall scales." pageId="18" pageNumber="88">Fig. 13f–i</figureCitation>
|
||||
); basal pair of scales (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFB5325FFB21FEC76C347501" box="[1209,1336,350,372]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="20.[163,243,1366,1388]" captionTargetBox="[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetId="figure-266@20.[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 13. Sclerites, polyp and axis images of Primnoa bisquama sp. nov. holotype: (a–d) opercular; (e, s) tentacular rods; (f–i) marginal scales; (j–n) body-wall scales; (o) coenenchymal scales; (p) abaxial polyp view; (q) axis, showing coenenchyme in situ; (r) inter-body wall scales." pageId="18" pageNumber="88">
|
||||
Fig.
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFB5325FFB76FEC76C2C7506" box="[1262,1312,350,371]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" unit="m" value="13.0">13m</quantity>
|
||||
, l
|
||||
</figureCitation>
|
||||
) slightly smaller than marginal scales (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFB5325FFB34FEE46C1175E6" box="[1196,1309,381,403]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="20.[163,243,1366,1388]" captionTargetBox="[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetId="figure-266@20.[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 13. Sclerites, polyp and axis images of Primnoa bisquama sp. nov. holotype: (a–d) opercular; (e, s) tentacular rods; (f–i) marginal scales; (j–n) body-wall scales; (o) coenenchymal scales; (p) abaxial polyp view; (q) axis, showing coenenchyme in situ; (r) inter-body wall scales." pageId="18" pageNumber="88">Fig. 13f–i</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and separated by a number of small irregular-shaped sclerites (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFB5325FFCDBFE236AB675A5" box="[835,954,442,464]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="20.[163,243,1366,1388]" captionTargetBox="[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetId="figure-266@20.[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 13. Sclerites, polyp and axis images of Primnoa bisquama sp. nov. holotype: (a–d) opercular; (e, s) tentacular rods; (f–i) marginal scales; (j–n) body-wall scales; (o) coenenchymal scales; (p) abaxial polyp view; (q) axis, showing coenenchyme in situ; (r) inter-body wall scales." pageId="18" pageNumber="88">Fig. 13n, p</figureCitation>
|
||||
). No clear adaxial rows of body-wall scales as polyp appressed against branchlet, meaning adaxial marginal scales are often mistaken for coenenchyme.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFB5325FFCCBFD8F6D277754" blockId="18.[827,1444,197,1047]" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">
|
||||
Marginals near square in shape with rounded distal edge (no marginal spine) and irregular basal edge (most pronounced in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFB5325FFBA0FDCD6D95761F" box="[1080,1177,596,618]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="20.[163,243,1366,1388]" captionTargetBox="[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetId="figure-266@20.[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 13. Sclerites, polyp and axis images of Primnoa bisquama sp. nov. holotype: (a–d) opercular; (e, s) tentacular rods; (f–i) marginal scales; (j–n) body-wall scales; (o) coenenchymal scales; (p) abaxial polyp view; (q) axis, showing coenenchyme in situ; (r) inter-body wall scales." pageId="18" pageNumber="88">Fig. 13h</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Four large marginal scales (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFB5325FFC17FDEB6AF776FD" box="[911,1019,626,648]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="20.[163,243,1366,1388]" captionTargetBox="[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetId="figure-266@20.[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 13. Sclerites, polyp and axis images of Primnoa bisquama sp. nov. holotype: (a–d) opercular; (e, s) tentacular rods; (f–i) marginal scales; (j–n) body-wall scales; (o) coenenchymal scales; (p) abaxial polyp view; (q) axis, showing coenenchyme in situ; (r) inter-body wall scales." pageId="18" pageNumber="88">Fig. 13f–i</figureCitation>
|
||||
) surround 270
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB5325FFB3DFDEB6DA376F2" bold="true" box="[1189,1199,626,647]" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">°</emphasis>
|
||||
of opercular opening (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFB5325FFCDBFD086A9376D2" box="[835,927,657,679]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="19.[145,223,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[241,1329,195,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-28@19.[241,1329,195,1734]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 12. Colony, branchlet and polyps of Primnoa bisquama sp. nov. holotype: (a) colony; (b) close-up of branchlet; (c) lateral view of polyp; (d) stereo image of polyp operculum." pageId="18" pageNumber="88">Fig. 12d</figureCitation>
|
||||
); remaining diameter with 2–4 smaller (usually 4, although they are sometimes missing) marginal scales of similar shape. Body-wall scales held together by flesh embedded with small irregularly shaped body-wall scales (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFB5325FFC5CFC956D107754" box="[964,1052,780,802]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="20.[163,243,1366,1388]" captionTargetBox="[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetId="figure-266@20.[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 13. Sclerites, polyp and axis images of Primnoa bisquama sp. nov. holotype: (a–d) opercular; (e, s) tentacular rods; (f–i) marginal scales; (j–n) body-wall scales; (o) coenenchymal scales; (p) abaxial polyp view; (q) axis, showing coenenchyme in situ; (r) inter-body wall scales." pageId="18" pageNumber="88">Fig. 13r</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFB5325FFCCBFCB36CAD77CE" blockId="18.[827,1444,197,1047]" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">
|
||||
All above sclerites have a smooth to granular outer surface and are tuberculate across majority of inner surface. Marginal scales have wide smooth band across distal edge of inner surface (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFB5325FFB10FC1F6DEA77E9" box="[1160,1254,902,924]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="20.[163,243,1366,1388]" captionTargetBox="[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetId="figure-266@20.[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 13. Sclerites, polyp and axis images of Primnoa bisquama sp. nov. holotype: (a–d) opercular; (e, s) tentacular rods; (f–i) marginal scales; (j–n) body-wall scales; (o) coenenchymal scales; (p) abaxial polyp view; (q) axis, showing coenenchyme in situ; (r) inter-body wall scales." pageId="18" pageNumber="88">Fig. 13h</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Basal edges of sclerites finely serrate; distal edges relatively smooth.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFB5325FFCCBFC5D6D217063" blockId="18.[827,1444,197,1047]" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">
|
||||
Elongated, irregularly shaped coenenchyme of variable length, commonly up to 800 μm (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFB5325FFB68FC7B6C477782" box="[1264,1355,994,1016]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="20.[163,243,1366,1388]" captionTargetBox="[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetId="figure-266@20.[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 13. Sclerites, polyp and axis images of Primnoa bisquama sp. nov. holotype: (a–d) opercular; (e, s) tentacular rods; (f–i) marginal scales; (j–n) body-wall scales; (o) coenenchymal scales; (p) abaxial polyp view; (q) axis, showing coenenchyme in situ; (r) inter-body wall scales." pageId="18" pageNumber="88">Fig. 13o</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB5325FFAC0FC7A6CAF778D" box="[1368,1443,995,1016]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">in situ</emphasis>
|
||||
at base of
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9CD90DABFFB5325FFC36FB986D117063" box="[942,1053,1025,1047]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="20.[163,243,1366,1388]" captionTargetBox="[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetId="figure-266@20.[403,1203,195,1327]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 13. Sclerites, polyp and axis images of Primnoa bisquama sp. nov. holotype: (a–d) opercular; (e, s) tentacular rods; (f–i) marginal scales; (j–n) body-wall scales; (o) coenenchymal scales; (p) abaxial polyp view; (q) axis, showing coenenchyme in situ; (r) inter-body wall scales." pageId="18" pageNumber="88">Fig. 13p,q</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFB5325FFCA3FBD96C5E7001" blockId="18.[827,1442,1088,1140]" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB5325FFCA3FBD96D277020" box="[827,1067,1088,1109]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">Known distribution</emphasis>
|
||||
: SW Indian Ocean: Coral and Middle of What seamounts,
|
||||
<quantity id="C31ABCCBFFB5325FFBE0FBC76C0F7001" box="[1144,1283,1118,1140]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1455" metricValueMax="1.339" metricValueMin="0.952" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" unit="m" value="1145.5" valueMax="1339.0" valueMin="952.0">952–1339 m</quantity>
|
||||
depth.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFB5325FFCA3FB046D717139" blockId="18.[827,1443,1181,1356]" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB5325FFCA3FB046ABA70C7" box="[827,950,1181,1202]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||||
: The name is formed from a combination of the Latin for ‘double’,
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB5325FFBC5FB256D7070A4" box="[1117,1148,1212,1233]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">bi-</emphasis>
|
||||
, and ‘scale’,
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB5325FFA89FB256C6170A4" box="[1297,1389,1212,1233]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">squama</emphasis>
|
||||
– in reference to the two pairs of body-wall scales that distinguish this species from other
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFB5325FFB5DFB636C20717A" authorityName="LAMOUROUX" authorityYear="1812" box="[1221,1324,1274,1295]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB5325FFB5DFB636C20717A" box="[1221,1324,1274,1295]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">Primnoa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. We treat
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB5325FFCA3FA816A9B7158" box="[827,919,1304,1325]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">squama</emphasis>
|
||||
as a noun in the apposition and it therefore retains the feminine gender.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFB5325FFCA3FAEC6C6B71BD" blockId="18.[827,1443,1397,1480]" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB5325FFCA3FAEC6A9271FF" box="[827,926,1397,1418]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||||
: Previous species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFB5325FFB1BFAEF6DE971FE" authorityName="LAMOUROUX" authorityYear="1812" box="[1155,1253,1398,1419]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB5325FFB1BFAEF6DE971FE" box="[1155,1253,1398,1419]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">Primnoa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have been found from the northern boreal Atlantic, North and East Pacific,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="7CF551BEFFB5325FFCA3FA2A6A7371BD" box="[827,895,1459,1480]" name="Japan" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and sub-Antarctic areas of the south Pacific.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="045D112EFFB5325FFCA3FA686D927302" blockId="18.[827,1443,1521,1911]" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB5325FFCA3FA686DC17273" box="[827,1229,1521,1543]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">
|
||||
Comparisons:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFB5325FFC7FFA6B6DC17273" authorityName="Taylor & Rogers" authorityYear="2017" box="[999,1229,1521,1543]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bisquama" status="sp. nov.">Primnoa bisquama</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2DA57047FFB5325FFB4EFA686C227273" box="[1238,1326,1521,1542]" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
is distinguished from the remaining four species and one variety of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFB5325FFC2BF9B66D147231" authorityName="LAMOUROUX" authorityYear="1812" box="[947,1048,1583,1604]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB5325FFC2BF9B66D147231" box="[947,1048,1583,1604]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">Primnoa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="60736CDFFFB5325FFBCFF9B76C587231" author="Cairns SD & Bayer FM" box="[1111,1364,1582,1604]" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" pagination="225 - 256" refId="ref14396" refString="Cairns SD, Bayer FM. 2005. A review of the genus Primnoa (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea: Primnoidae), with the description of two new species. Bulletin of Marine Science 77: 225-256." type="journal article" year="2005">Cairns & Bayer, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) in its low-rise operculum, infrequent polyp placement and relatively modest polyp size. Lacking a marginal spine and having a squat polyp means this species is most similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFB5325FFC37F9336D1A72CB" authorityName="Cairns & Bayer" authorityYear="2005" box="[943,1046,1705,1727]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="notalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB5325FFC37F9336D1A72CB" box="[943,1046,1705,1727]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">P. notalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFB5325FFBD6F9336C0F72CB" authorityName="Gunnerus" authorityYear="1763" box="[1102,1283,1705,1727]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Gorgonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="resedaeformis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB5325FFBD6F9336C0F72CB" box="[1102,1283,1705,1727]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">P. resedaeformis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFB5325FFA88F9306A8672A8" authorityName="Taylor & Rogers" authorityYear="2017" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bisquama">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB5325FFA88F9306A8672A8" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">Primnoa bisquama</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
differs from both these species in having fewer pairs of body-wall scales: just two pairs of large body-wall scales (in addition to a large pair of abaxial marginal scales) with a variable number of smaller scales in the basal abaxial polyp area, rather than four (or more) pairs of body-wall scales.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
82
data/8C/4B/A0/8C4BA038FFB5325FFF3BFF5C689D77EA.xml
Normal file
82
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(from
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, edits in bold): Colonies dichotomously branched and usually bushy. Calyces closely spaced and randomly arranged on all branch surfaces, the appressed calyces facing downwards. Well-developed operculum present, opercular scales keeled on inner surface. Polyps large and fleshy, each polyp protected by two rows of
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or more large abaxial scales, sometimes arranged in an irregular manner, two short inner lateral rows of two or three smaller scales (including the marginals), and two even shorter rows of two (including the marginals) adaxial scales, resulting in six longitudinal rows, but four of them composed of few
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scales; adaxial side of body-wall predominantly bare. There is also a crown of eight large, concave marginals, the adaxial marginals usually smaller than other marginals. Coenenchymal scales arranged in one layer. Tentacular rods often present.
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB5325FFF3BFCD5683C7714" box="[163,304,844,865]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">
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<typeStatus id="DB59AF8CFFB5325FFF3BFCD569D57714" box="[163,217,844,865]" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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</emphasis>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFB5325FFEA6FCD56BE87717" authority="Linneaus, 1767" authorityName="Linneaus" authorityYear="1767" box="[318,740,844,866]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Gorgonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lepadifera">
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<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB5325FFEA6FCD56B247714" box="[318,552,844,865]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">Gorgonia lepadifera</emphasis>
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Linneaus, 1767
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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(=
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<taxonomicName id="C3E26AADFFB5325FFF3BFCF26B8B77F5" authority="Gunnerus, 1763" authorityName="Gunnerus" authorityYear="1763" box="[163,647,874,896]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Gorgonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="88" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="resedaeformis">
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<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB5325FFF3BFCF268B2770A" box="[163,446,874,896]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">Gorgonia resedaeformis</emphasis>
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Gunnerus, 1763
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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), by monotypy.
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<typeStatus id="DB59AF8CFFB5325FFF46FC13681A77EA" box="[222,278,906,927]" pageId="18" pageNumber="88">Type</typeStatus>
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not found.
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92
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, 1812
|
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<emphasis id="3696CD3CFFB6325CFCB1F9DF6A9C722E" box="[809,912,1606,1627]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="87">Primnoa</emphasis>
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Lamouroux, 1812: 188
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. –
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="8543373FFFB6325CFB51F9DC6C80722F" author="Studer T" box="[1225,1420,1605,1627]" page="49" pageId="17" pageNumber="87" year="1887">
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<bibRefCitation id="60736CDFFFB6325CFB51F9DC6C80722F" author="Studer T" box="[1225,1420,1605,1627]" pageId="17" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 74" refId="ref15704" refString="Studer T. 1887. Versuch Eines Systemes der Alcyonaria. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 53: 1-74." type="journal article" year="1887">Studer, 1887: 49</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
. –
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="60736CDFFFB6325CFCCFF9FD6D65720C" author="Wright EP & Studer T" box="[855,1129,1636,1658]" pageId="17" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 314" refId="ref15969" refString="Wright EP, Studer T. 1889. Report on the Alcyonaria Collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the Years 1873 - 76 Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the Years 1873 - 76, Zoology. 1-314." type="book chapter" year="1889">Wright & Studer, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: xlviii. –
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="8543373FFFB6325CFB44F9FD6A8B72ED" author="Versluys J" page="84" pageId="17" pageNumber="87" year="1906">
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<bibRefCitation id="60736CDFFFB6325CFB44F9FD6A8B72ED" author="Versluys J" pageId="17" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 187" refId="ref15865" refString="Versluys J. 1906. Die Gorgoniden Der Siboga - Expedition Siboga-Expeditie. 1-187." type="book chapter" year="1906">Versluys, 1906: 84–85</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
. –
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="8543373FFFB6325CFC3CF91A6D9872ED" author="Kukenthal W" box="[932,1172,1666,1689]" page="143" pageId="17" pageNumber="87" year="1915">
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<bibRefCitation id="60736CDFFFB6325CFC3CF91A6D9872ED" author="Kukenthal W" box="[932,1172,1666,1689]" pageId="17" pageNumber="87" pagination="142 - 158" refId="ref14775" refString="Kukenthal W. 1915. System und Stammesgeschichte der Primnoidae. Zoologischrn Anzeiger 46: 142-158." type="journal article" year="1915">Kükenthal, 1915: 143</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
[key to genus]; – 1919: 357–360 [key to genus]; – 1924: 265–266 [key to genus and species]. –
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="60736CDFFFB6325CFBD8F9596DC672A3" author="Bayer FM" box="[1088,1226,1728,1750]" pageId="17" pageNumber="87" refId="ref13989" refString="Bayer FM. 1956. Octocorallia. In: Moore RC, ed. Treatise on Invertebrate Palaeontology. Lawrence, Kansas: University of Kansas Press. F 166 - F 189, F 192 - F 231." type="journal volume" year="1956">Bayer, 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: F220; 1961: 294 [illustrated key to genus]; – 1981: 937 [key to genus]. –
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="8543373FFFB6325CFCCDF9676D8E7366" author="Bayer FM & Stefani J" box="[853,1154,1789,1811]" page="454" pageId="17" pageNumber="87" year="1989">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="60736CDFFFB6325CFCCDF9676D8E7366" author="Bayer FM & Stefani J" box="[853,1154,1789,1811]" pageId="17" pageNumber="87" pagination="449 - 518" refId="ref14102" refString="Bayer FM, Stefani J. 1989. Primnoidae (Gorgonacea) De Nouvelle-Caledonie. Bulletin de Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, Serie 4 10: 449-518." type="journal article" year="1989">Bayer & Stefani, 1989: 454</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
[key to genus]. –
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="8543373FFFB6325CFADDF9646D457347" author="Cairns SD & Bayer FM" page="226" pageId="17" pageNumber="87" year="2005">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="60736CDFFFB6325CFADDF9646D457347" author="Cairns SD & Bayer FM" pageId="17" pageNumber="87" pagination="225 - 256" refId="ref14396" refString="Cairns SD, Bayer FM. 2005. A review of the genus Primnoa (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea: Primnoidae), with the description of two new species. Bulletin of Marine Science 77: 225-256." type="journal article" year="2005">Cairns & Bayer, 2005: 226–228</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
[revision and key to species]. –
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="8543373FFFB6325CFCCDF8A26D967325" author="Cairns SD & Bayer FM" box="[853,1178,1851,1873]" page="41" pageId="17" pageNumber="87" year="2009">
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||||
<bibRefCitation id="60736CDFFFB6325CFCCDF8A26D967325" author="Cairns SD & Bayer FM" box="[853,1178,1851,1873]" pageId="17" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref14472" refString="Cairns SD, Bayer FM. 2009. A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 629: 1-79." type="journal article" year="2009">Cairns & Bayer, 2009: 41–42</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
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</treatment>
|
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|
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|
|
@ -1,42 +1,43 @@
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<figureCitation id="B09F2A05070AFF84FE9EFB2FFE2CFB05" box="[328,414,1231,1252]" captionStart="Figures 43–50" captionStartId="27.[163,253,1835,1857]" captionTargetBox="[204,1401,195,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-24@27.[204,1401,195,1795]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figures 43–50. Habitus of Eupelmus (Macroneura) species: E. messene ♀ (43), E. balcanicus ♀ holotype (44), E. vesicularis ♀ (45) and ♂ (46), E. muellneri ♀ (47) and ♂ (48), E. vladimiri ♀ (49) and ♂ (50). Scale bars – 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14805327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14805327/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="561">
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44
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,
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<figureCitation id="B09F2A05070AFF84FE7AFB2EFE75FB05" box="[428,455,1230,1252]" captionStart="Figures 56–67" captionStartId="29.[163,254,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[210,1395,195,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-24@29.[210,1395,195,1779]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figures 56–67. Mesosoma in dorsal view in Eupelmus (Macroneura) females: E. aseculatus (56), E. rameli (57), E. seculatus (58), E. falcatus (59), E. balcanicus (60), E. barai (61), E. vesicularis clade B from Canada (62), E. vesicularis from Sweden (63), E. messene (64), E. impennis (65), E. maculatus (66), E. vladimiri (67). Scale bars – 0.2 mm." pageId="42" pageNumber="561">60</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="B09F2A05070AFF84FE7AFB2EFE75FB05" box="[428,455,1230,1252]" captionStart="Figures 56–67" captionStartId="29.[163,254,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[210,1395,195,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-24@29.[210,1395,195,1779]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figures 56–67. Mesosoma in dorsal view in Eupelmus (Macroneura) females: E. aseculatus (56), E. rameli (57), E. seculatus (58), E. falcatus (59), E. balcanicus (60), E. barai (61), E. vesicularis clade B from Canada (62), E. vesicularis from Sweden (63), E. messene (64), E. impennis (65), E. maculatus (66), E. vladimiri (67). Scale bars – 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14805331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14805331/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="561">60</figureCitation>
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,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="B09F2A05070AFF84FE02FB2EFDA5FB05" box="[468,535,1230,1252]" captionStart="Figures 68–87" captionStartId="30.[145,235,1775,1797]" captionTargetBox="[210,1361,197,1735]" captionTargetId="figure-27@30.[209,1361,195,1736]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figures 68–87. Metasoma and mesotarsus in Eupelmus (Macroneura) females: E. rameli (68, 77), E. balcanicus (69, 78), E.barai from Romania (70, 79),E. barai from Spain (71, 82), E.messene (72, 80), E.vesicularis from Sweden (73, 83),E.vesicularis from Slovenia (74), E. vesicularis clade B from Canada (75), E. seculatus (76), E. messene (lectotype of Eupelminus coleopterophagus) (81), E. impennis (84), E. falcatus (85), E. muellneri (86), E. vladimiri (87). Scale bars – 0.2 mm." pageId="42" pageNumber="561">69, 78</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="B09F2A05070AFF84FE02FB2EFDA5FB05" box="[468,535,1230,1252]" captionStart="Figures 68–87" captionStartId="30.[145,235,1775,1797]" captionTargetBox="[210,1361,197,1735]" captionTargetId="figure-27@30.[209,1361,195,1736]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figures 68–87. Metasoma and mesotarsus in Eupelmus (Macroneura) females: E. rameli (68, 77), E. balcanicus (69, 78), E.barai from Romania (70, 79),E. barai from Spain (71, 82), E.messene (72, 80), E.vesicularis from Sweden (73, 83),E.vesicularis from Slovenia (74), E. vesicularis clade B from Canada (75), E. seculatus (76), E. messene (lectotype of Eupelminus coleopterophagus) (81), E. impennis (84), E. falcatus (85), E. muellneri (86), E. vladimiri (87). Scale bars – 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14805333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14805333/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="561">69, 78</figureCitation>
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(
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<specimenCount id="3EA2FD09070AFF84FDF1FB31FD8BFB02" box="[551,569,1233,1251]" count="1" pageId="42" pageNumber="561" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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)
|
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|
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@ -91,20 +92,20 @@ locality situated in the Balkan Peninsula.
|
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Female. Length =
|
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<quantity id="EF5C9B65070AFF84FE28FA91FDEDFA66" box="[510,607,1393,1415]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="561" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
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. Body almost uniformly dark brown, with faint metallic luster (
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<figureCitation id="B09F2A05070AFF84FD18FA70FF1FFA25" captionStart="Figures 43–50" captionStartId="27.[163,253,1835,1857]" captionTargetBox="[204,1401,195,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-24@27.[204,1401,195,1795]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figures 43–50. Habitus of Eupelmus (Macroneura) species: E. messene ♀ (43), E. balcanicus ♀ holotype (44), E. vesicularis ♀ (45) and ♂ (46), E. muellneri ♀ (47) and ♂ (48), E. vladimiri ♀ (49) and ♂ (50). Scale bars – 1 mm." pageId="42" pageNumber="561">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="B09F2A05070AFF84FD18FA70FF1FFA25" captionStart="Figures 43–50" captionStartId="27.[163,253,1835,1857]" captionTargetBox="[204,1401,195,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-24@27.[204,1401,195,1795]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figures 43–50. Habitus of Eupelmus (Macroneura) species: E. messene ♀ (43), E. balcanicus ♀ holotype (44), E. vesicularis ♀ (45) and ♂ (46), E. muellneri ♀ (47) and ♂ (48), E. vladimiri ♀ (49) and ♂ (50). Scale bars – 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14805327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14805327/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="561">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Head brownish-black with dark green or bluish-green and violet lusters to almost entirely dark violet; vertex and parascrobal area with coppery or bronze metallic luster, lower face and gena with bronze-green to coppery-red metallic luster, interantennal area frequently violet and scrobal depression sometimes golden-green; frons usually more or less distinctly tricoloured with dark green luster along inner orbits (except immediately near them where narrowly dark violet) and mesally coppery to dark violet below level of anterior ocellus. Antenna with scape yellow to brownish-yellow with faint metallic luster on outer surface, pedicel and flagellum dark brown with green luster on pedicel and variably distinct bronze to violet lusters on basal funiculars. Mesosoma similar in colour to head, mostly dark brown with slight dark greenish, bronze, and violet lusters under some angles of light; mesoscutal plate moderately setose with setation progressively sparser posteriorly and broadly asetose in front of scutellum, dark bronze-green, and concave part with a large triangular violet spot with variably wide blue to greenish-blue outer borders and posteriorly with variably extensively bronze to golden luster partially masking the violet colour; basally the spot about as wide as the base of mesoscutal plate and reaching with its pointed apex the anterior V-shaped sculptured region (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="B09F2A05070AFF84FBC4FDF6FBD6FDCD" box="[1042,1124,534,556]" captionStart="Figures 56–67" captionStartId="29.[163,254,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[210,1395,195,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-24@29.[210,1395,195,1779]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figures 56–67. Mesosoma in dorsal view in Eupelmus (Macroneura) females: E. aseculatus (56), E. rameli (57), E. seculatus (58), E. falcatus (59), E. balcanicus (60), E. barai (61), E. vesicularis clade B from Canada (62), E. vesicularis from Sweden (63), E. messene (64), E. impennis (65), E. maculatus (66), E. vladimiri (67). Scale bars – 0.2 mm." pageId="42" pageNumber="561">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="B09F2A05070AFF84FBC4FDF6FBD6FDCD" box="[1042,1124,534,556]" captionStart="Figures 56–67" captionStartId="29.[163,254,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[210,1395,195,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-24@29.[210,1395,195,1779]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figures 56–67. Mesosoma in dorsal view in Eupelmus (Macroneura) females: E. aseculatus (56), E. rameli (57), E. seculatus (58), E. falcatus (59), E. balcanicus (60), E. barai (61), E. vesicularis clade B from Canada (62), E. vesicularis from Sweden (63), E. messene (64), E. impennis (65), E. maculatus (66), E. vladimiri (67). Scale bars – 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14805331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14805331/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="561">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
|
||||
); axillae uniformly dark yellowish-brown to dark brown with faint green luster anteriorly, only slightly contrasting with the dark brown to greenish-black scutellum (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="B09F2A05070AFF84FB15FD92FAA2FD69" box="[1219,1296,626,648]" captionStart="Figures 56–67" captionStartId="29.[163,254,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[210,1395,195,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-24@29.[210,1395,195,1779]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figures 56–67. Mesosoma in dorsal view in Eupelmus (Macroneura) females: E. aseculatus (56), E. rameli (57), E. seculatus (58), E. falcatus (59), E. balcanicus (60), E. barai (61), E. vesicularis clade B from Canada (62), E. vesicularis from Sweden (63), E. messene (64), E. impennis (65), E. maculatus (66), E. vladimiri (67). Scale bars – 0.2 mm." pageId="42" pageNumber="561">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="B09F2A05070AFF84FB15FD92FAA2FD69" box="[1219,1296,626,648]" captionStart="Figures 56–67" captionStartId="29.[163,254,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[210,1395,195,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-24@29.[210,1395,195,1779]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figures 56–67. Mesosoma in dorsal view in Eupelmus (Macroneura) females: E. aseculatus (56), E. rameli (57), E. seculatus (58), E. falcatus (59), E. balcanicus (60), E. barai (61), E. vesicularis clade B from Canada (62), E. vesicularis from Sweden (63), E. messene (64), E. impennis (65), E. maculatus (66), E. vladimiri (67). Scale bars – 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14805331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14805331/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="561">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
|
||||
); scutellar-axillar complex with brownish hair-like setae except setae slightly lanceolate and lighter toward frenal line. Front leg mostly dark brown, except coxa with violet and coppery to green metallic luster and knee, apex and dorsal edge of tibia, and basal tarsomeres pale. Middle leg similar in colour to front leg except coxa less metallic, apex of tibia more broadly pale with distal third to distal half whitish-yellow and anterodorsal angle of femur with a whitish spot or femur more extensively pale along anterior edge of dorsal and ventral surfaces; mesotarsal pegs dark. Hind leg with similar colour pattern as front leg except knee at most obscurely lighter in colour and tibia paler along ventral surface. Metasoma with short and very sparse hair-like setae, on Gt2–Gt4 distance between sockets of two adjacent setae about equal to or greater than seta length (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="B09F2A05070AFF84FC13FB9CFBABFB70" box="[965,1049,1147,1170]" captionStart="Figures 68–87" captionStartId="30.[145,235,1775,1797]" captionTargetBox="[210,1361,197,1735]" captionTargetId="figure-27@30.[209,1361,195,1736]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figures 68–87. Metasoma and mesotarsus in Eupelmus (Macroneura) females: E. rameli (68, 77), E. balcanicus (69, 78), E.barai from Romania (70, 79),E. barai from Spain (71, 82), E.messene (72, 80), E.vesicularis from Sweden (73, 83),E.vesicularis from Slovenia (74), E. vesicularis clade B from Canada (75), E. seculatus (76), E. messene (lectotype of Eupelminus coleopterophagus) (81), E. impennis (84), E. falcatus (85), E. muellneri (86), E. vladimiri (87). Scale bars – 0.2 mm." pageId="42" pageNumber="561">Fig. 69</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="B09F2A05070AFF84FC13FB9CFBABFB70" box="[965,1049,1147,1170]" captionStart="Figures 68–87" captionStartId="30.[145,235,1775,1797]" captionTargetBox="[210,1361,197,1735]" captionTargetId="figure-27@30.[209,1361,195,1736]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figures 68–87. Metasoma and mesotarsus in Eupelmus (Macroneura) females: E. rameli (68, 77), E. balcanicus (69, 78), E.barai from Romania (70, 79),E. barai from Spain (71, 82), E.messene (72, 80), E.vesicularis from Sweden (73, 83),E.vesicularis from Slovenia (74), E. vesicularis clade B from Canada (75), E. seculatus (76), E. messene (lectotype of Eupelminus coleopterophagus) (81), E. impennis (84), E. falcatus (85), E. muellneri (86), E. vladimiri (87). Scale bars – 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14805333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14805333/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="561">Fig. 69</figureCitation>
|
||||
); Gt1 dorsally asetose or with three to nine setae in single row; dark brown except Gt1 translucent in distal half with the underlying yellowish-white internal structures visible to variable extent and dark basally with strong greenish-blue with violet to golden-green metallic luster; Gt2 sometimes also extensively metallic dorsally. Ovipositor sheaths dark brown in about apical third, along ventral margin and at extreme base, with a yellowish elongate spot in basal half.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="281B3680070AFF85FC97FA4EFEB3FC9F" blockId="42.[809,1426,197,1905]" lastBlockId="43.[163,779,197,894]" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="562" pageId="42" pageNumber="561">
|
||||
Head in lateral view hemispherical, in dorsal view 2–2.1× as broad as long, in frontal view 1.1–1.2× as broad as high. Vertex finely coriaceous, appearing shiny under low magnification, frons mostly coriaceous-imbricate to slightly reticulate. Pedicel plus flagellum 1.15–1.4× head width. Pronotal ridge with erect setae shorter than pronotal collar. Mesoscutal plate with flat, V-shaped anterior region differentiated by minute reticulate sculpture and posteromedial region mostly smooth mesally and shiny or with almost effaced sculpture and shallowly concave. Scutellum and axillae weakly convex. Acropleuron imbricate to slightly reticulate, with microsculptured region medially. Fore wing base extended to near petiole; basal cell densely setose dorsally; apical part normally abruptly bent upward, comparatively long, 1.7–2.2× as long as basal part, with marginal and postmarginal veins extended along straight leading margin and without a trace of the stigmal vein, posterior and leading margins obliquely angled to rounded apex (cf.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="B09F2A05070BFF85FD0EFEA0FEB1FE95" captionStart="Figures 111–123" captionStartId="34.[144,234,1275,1297]" captionTargetBox="[144,1424,194,1235]" captionTargetId="figure-236@34.[144,1424,194,1235]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Figures 111–123. Details of Eupelmus (Macroneura) morphology. Fore wing rudiment in females: E. barai (111–115), E. rameli (116), E. aseculatus (117), E. messene (118–121). Antenna in males: E. barai (122) and E. vesicularis (123). Scale bar – 0.2 mm. wbL – fore wing base length, waL – fore wing apical part length. Numbers by the wings indicate the size of the specimen." pageId="43" pageNumber="562">Figs 111–113</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="B09F2A05070BFF85FD0EFEA0FEB1FE95" captionStart="Figures 111–123" captionStartId="34.[144,234,1275,1297]" captionTargetBox="[144,1424,194,1235]" captionTargetId="figure-236@34.[144,1424,194,1235]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Figures 111–123. Details of Eupelmus (Macroneura) morphology. Fore wing rudiment in females: E. barai (111–115), E. rameli (116), E. aseculatus (117), E. messene (118–121). Antenna in males: E. barai (122) and E. vesicularis (123). Scale bar – 0.2 mm. wbL – fore wing base length, waL – fore wing apical part length. Numbers by the wings indicate the size of the specimen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14805341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14805341/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="562">Figs 111–113</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Hind wing concealed beneath fore wing and apically reflexed. Middle leg with row of five to seven mesotibial apical pegs; mesotarsus with asymmetrical peg pattern on basitarsus, anterior margin with 8–12 pegs differentiated into two medially overlapping rows and posterior margin with two to four (usually three) pegs within basal half and with or without one peg apically, second tarsomere with one to three pegs on anterior margin and one peg on posterior margin, and third and fourth tarsomeres with one apical peg on either side (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="B09F2A05070BFF85FF35FD71FE8AFD47" box="[227,312,657,679]" captionStart="Figures 68–87" captionStartId="30.[145,235,1775,1797]" captionTargetBox="[210,1361,197,1735]" captionTargetId="figure-27@30.[209,1361,195,1736]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figures 68–87. Metasoma and mesotarsus in Eupelmus (Macroneura) females: E. rameli (68, 77), E. balcanicus (69, 78), E.barai from Romania (70, 79),E. barai from Spain (71, 82), E.messene (72, 80), E.vesicularis from Sweden (73, 83),E.vesicularis from Slovenia (74), E. vesicularis clade B from Canada (75), E. seculatus (76), E. messene (lectotype of Eupelminus coleopterophagus) (81), E. impennis (84), E. falcatus (85), E. muellneri (86), E. vladimiri (87). Scale bars – 0.2 mm." pageId="43" pageNumber="562">Fig. 78</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="B09F2A05070BFF85FF35FD71FE8AFD47" box="[227,312,657,679]" captionStart="Figures 68–87" captionStartId="30.[145,235,1775,1797]" captionTargetBox="[210,1361,197,1735]" captionTargetId="figure-27@30.[209,1361,195,1736]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figures 68–87. Metasoma and mesotarsus in Eupelmus (Macroneura) females: E. rameli (68, 77), E. balcanicus (69, 78), E.barai from Romania (70, 79),E. barai from Spain (71, 82), E.messene (72, 80), E.vesicularis from Sweden (73, 83),E.vesicularis from Slovenia (74), E. vesicularis clade B from Canada (75), E. seculatus (76), E. messene (lectotype of Eupelminus coleopterophagus) (81), E. impennis (84), E. falcatus (85), E. muellneri (86), E. vladimiri (87). Scale bars – 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14805333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14805333/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="562">Fig. 78</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Metasoma ovoidal and comparatively narrow, 1.8–3.0× as long as wide, Gt5 alutaceous-granular. Syntergum and anal plate forming truncate to somewhat obliquely inclined surface above ovipositor sheaths and gaster extending to about apex of second valvifer. Ovipositor sheaths 0.5–0.6× as long as metatibia, 0.3–0.4× as long as metasoma, and 1.1 × as long as head.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="281B3680070BFF85FF75FC44FEC9FB90" blockId="43.[163,779,932,1138]" pageId="43" pageNumber="562">
|
||||
|
|
@ -144,11 +145,11 @@ because of their dark colour, presence of a violet spot on the mesoscutal plate
|
|||
<emphasis id="1AD0EA92070BFF85FDB9FB12FCB9FAE7" box="[623,779,1265,1287]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="562">E. balcanicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
differs in having the metasoma much less setose (cf.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="B09F2A05070BFF85FF75FACEFF44FAA5" box="[163,246,1326,1348]" captionStart="Figures 68–87" captionStartId="30.[145,235,1775,1797]" captionTargetBox="[210,1361,197,1735]" captionTargetId="figure-27@30.[209,1361,195,1736]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figures 68–87. Metasoma and mesotarsus in Eupelmus (Macroneura) females: E. rameli (68, 77), E. balcanicus (69, 78), E.barai from Romania (70, 79),E. barai from Spain (71, 82), E.messene (72, 80), E.vesicularis from Sweden (73, 83),E.vesicularis from Slovenia (74), E. vesicularis clade B from Canada (75), E. seculatus (76), E. messene (lectotype of Eupelminus coleopterophagus) (81), E. impennis (84), E. falcatus (85), E. muellneri (86), E. vladimiri (87). Scale bars – 0.2 mm." pageId="43" pageNumber="562">Figs 69</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="B09F2A05070BFF85FF75FACEFF44FAA5" box="[163,246,1326,1348]" captionStart="Figures 68–87" captionStartId="30.[145,235,1775,1797]" captionTargetBox="[210,1361,197,1735]" captionTargetId="figure-27@30.[209,1361,195,1736]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figures 68–87. Metasoma and mesotarsus in Eupelmus (Macroneura) females: E. rameli (68, 77), E. balcanicus (69, 78), E.barai from Romania (70, 79),E. barai from Spain (71, 82), E.messene (72, 80), E.vesicularis from Sweden (73, 83),E.vesicularis from Slovenia (74), E. vesicularis clade B from Canada (75), E. seculatus (76), E. messene (lectotype of Eupelminus coleopterophagus) (81), E. impennis (84), E. falcatus (85), E. muellneri (86), E. vladimiri (87). Scale bars – 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14805333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14805333/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="562">Figs 69</figureCitation>
|
||||
with 70), and Gt1 asetose or with only three to nine setae in single row. Mesoscutum also less setose, broadly asetose in front of scutellum (cf.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="B09F2A05070BFF85FDACFA8CFD7DFA63" box="[634,719,1388,1410]" captionStart="Figures 56–67" captionStartId="29.[163,254,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[210,1395,195,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-24@29.[210,1395,195,1779]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figures 56–67. Mesosoma in dorsal view in Eupelmus (Macroneura) females: E. aseculatus (56), E. rameli (57), E. seculatus (58), E. falcatus (59), E. balcanicus (60), E. barai (61), E. vesicularis clade B from Canada (62), E. vesicularis from Sweden (63), E. messene (64), E. impennis (65), E. maculatus (66), E. vladimiri (67). Scale bars – 0.2 mm." pageId="43" pageNumber="562">Figs 60</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="B09F2A05070BFF85FDACFA8CFD7DFA63" box="[634,719,1388,1410]" captionStart="Figures 56–67" captionStartId="29.[163,254,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[210,1395,195,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-24@29.[210,1395,195,1779]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figures 56–67. Mesosoma in dorsal view in Eupelmus (Macroneura) females: E. aseculatus (56), E. rameli (57), E. seculatus (58), E. falcatus (59), E. balcanicus (60), E. barai (61), E. vesicularis clade B from Canada (62), E. vesicularis from Sweden (63), E. messene (64), E. impennis (65), E. maculatus (66), E. vladimiri (67). Scale bars – 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14805331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14805331/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="562">Figs 60</figureCitation>
|
||||
with 61), and the sculpture of the mesoscutal posteromedial region and vertex smoother so that the vertex appears shiny (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="B09F2A05070BFF85FE81FA28FE14FA3F" box="[343,422,1480,1502]" captionStart="Figures 56–67" captionStartId="29.[163,254,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[210,1395,195,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-24@29.[210,1395,195,1779]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figures 56–67. Mesosoma in dorsal view in Eupelmus (Macroneura) females: E. aseculatus (56), E. rameli (57), E. seculatus (58), E. falcatus (59), E. balcanicus (60), E. barai (61), E. vesicularis clade B from Canada (62), E. vesicularis from Sweden (63), E. messene (64), E. impennis (65), E. maculatus (66), E. vladimiri (67). Scale bars – 0.2 mm." pageId="43" pageNumber="562">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="B09F2A05070BFF85FE81FA28FE14FA3F" box="[343,422,1480,1502]" captionStart="Figures 56–67" captionStartId="29.[163,254,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[210,1395,195,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-24@29.[210,1395,195,1779]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figures 56–67. Mesosoma in dorsal view in Eupelmus (Macroneura) females: E. aseculatus (56), E. rameli (57), E. seculatus (58), E. falcatus (59), E. balcanicus (60), E. barai (61), E. vesicularis clade B from Canada (62), E. vesicularis from Sweden (63), E. messene (64), E. impennis (65), E. maculatus (66), E. vladimiri (67). Scale bars – 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14805331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14805331/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="562">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The colour of the mesoscutal spot is also somewhat different between females of the two species, but this is difficult to quantify. In
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EFA44D03070BFF85FD25F9E6FEACF9D8" authorityName="Fusu" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Eupelmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balcanicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1AD0EA92070BFF85FD25F9E6FEACF9D8" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="562">E. balcanicus</emphasis>
|
||||
|
|
@ -202,7 +203,7 @@ Reared from
|
|||
and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="50B37610070BFF85FBB4FE3CFB59FE10" box="[1122,1259,476,497]" name="Montenegro" pageId="43" pageNumber="562">Montenegro</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="B09F2A05070BFF85FB2CFE3BFAE6FE10" box="[1274,1364,475,497]" captionStart="Figure 124" captionStartId="35.[163,242,1049,1071]" captionTargetBox="[163,1443,195,1010]" captionTargetId="figure-447@35.[163,1443,195,1010]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 124. Distribution map of the species in the Eupelmus vesicularis complex: E. vesicularis (green squares), E. messene (yellow stars), E. balcanicus (blue triangles), E. barai (white circles). Insert: enlarged map of the area with the most dense records (Eastern Austria, Hungary, Romania, and Moldova)." pageId="43" pageNumber="562">Fig. 124</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="B09F2A05070BFF85FB2CFE3BFAE6FE10" box="[1274,1364,475,497]" captionStart="Figure 124" captionStartId="35.[163,242,1049,1071]" captionTargetBox="[163,1443,195,1010]" captionTargetId="figure-447@35.[163,1443,195,1010]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 124. Distribution map of the species in the Eupelmus vesicularis complex: E. vesicularis (green squares), E. messene (yellow stars), E. balcanicus (blue triangles), E. barai (white circles). Insert: enlarged map of the area with the most dense records (Eastern Austria, Hungary, Romania, and Moldova)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14805343" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14805343/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="562">Fig. 124</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="281B3680070BFF85FCEDFDF3FB1AFCDA" blockId="43.[827,1444,530,828]" pageId="43" pageNumber="562">
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
339
data/E2/87/5D/E2875DDCA0C65E8BA16E2F22318671AB.xml
Normal file
339
data/E2/87/5D/E2875DDCA0C65E8BA16E2F22318671AB.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
|
|||
<document id="6BF9ACE81179A23EEED0AC9A69B3F3FB" ID-DOI="10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174" ID-ZooBank="4E0CCF70-D052-4828-AED4-4346C33B99DF" ID-publisher-id="138174" URI-arpha="5ABE4C4E-C19E-5982-84D4-332D5C7D1556" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/4E0CCF70-D052-4828-AED4-4346C33B99DF" XM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" XM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" XM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" XM.treatments_approvedBy="admin" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1738693956392" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Perez, Kathryn E., Saenz, Vanessa, Guerrero, Yamileth, Gonzalez, Lisa, Guerrero, Evan, Diaz, Pete, Hutchins, Benjamin T. & Schwartz, Benjamin F." docDate="2025" docId="E2875DDCA0C65E8BA16E2F22318671AB" docLanguage="en" docName="Subterranean Biology 50: 119-151" docOrigin="Subterranean Biology 50" docSource="https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/138174/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Stygopyrgus gracilis Perez, Saenz & Gonzalez 2025, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="151" masterDocId="5ABE4C4EC19E598284D4332D5C7D1556" masterDocTitle="New and revised groundwater snails (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda, Cochliopidae) from karst and associated hyporheic habitats in western Texas and northern Mexico" masterLastPageNumber="151" masterPageNumber="119" pageNumber="119" updateTime="1738702794967" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:titleInfo id="AE960A11575E031640EA6F51C704FE5D">
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<mods:title id="084E681ECB5F6F980D5900A579358053">New and revised groundwater snails (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda, Cochliopidae) from karst and associated hyporheic habitats in western Texas and northern Mexico</mods:title>
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||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name id="A02A6008FC26499EBDB6986AA4A0E749" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="B7DF2AD8E6633B692E322582436121A9">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="949C502A6283B20E52F7E082270E907E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="5F11D9A80083F5A7F205145BEDCAF766">Perez, Kathryn E.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="347C2BF8B62DB662FB79443BA0691CD7" type="ORCID">0000-0003-3888-4756</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="AB390847C1412B613F3001F3B8ACD4BE">School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, 78542, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="307BBBC9143CCC8756242E5C57F49FC6" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="F00B0CD401BDE4C355034B84680941E5">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="6A47077F9FC2B66E44CEFEA238C8B2F3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="77C765D68935AFC76D8DDE0CEEDB946A">Saenz, Vanessa</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="3D4CF21B398139A436512DBFC0CEE797">School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, 78542, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="7DE5EBA53B2AFEEDBD2B3B31911E17D5" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="CC79293EC7AC276950C69F6EED198C9F">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="59206E394407E4F9A4C1CCCFD9AEDF8E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="79EB29803AC5DE4FF104F3B820868294">Guerrero, Yamileth</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="9A0EA05B116A76AF2BAA783000F71B07">Texas Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, San Marcos, TX, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="ED9658BABC89AE5A3440E85541BB1647" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="2314713822FB5B99165FA1DDA1770524">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="4FDE7729B5F1C8A680F61B398D741B3A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="7EE2355E00D756CE2ECB1317D71EC7F1">Gonzalez, Lisa</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="9D23E87C9949A39343F3BF3ADA28BED9">Texas Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, San Marcos, TX, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="FA564012E48FD0BB935B71FA2671ED92" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="374395C09D5AFC70569F13E349FBCD6D">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="46D7CE1AE1BFAAF921BE3D3BC894377E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="1A0F6934D6A8DFADC377B16AA80E61D5">Guerrero, Evan</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="AA2662DB9B33E71A52577C913919F4FC">School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, 78542, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="57B5A5025BC26090DDBCF9C4EE1C390A" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="00A3F8E6D1A3E982196796BB22AB31E1">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="C21E95DA61A8E970E1523FE4AF6B225D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="16FEA6E159046146A2E9FE33078B5696">Diaz, Pete</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="E63C626C7D494D728FDB761A6617457D">Edwards Aquifer Research and Data Center, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="206999DF416B1E08FE23A57D42DF1263" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="BE52F8D1770B04CA7FFF7497DFA73748">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="4E35860D40845CDD0DEA6C1C3FDAA8F8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="C0305AD05D703C8213E7291446011650">Hutchins, Benjamin T.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="CDE3EED1A8A155305298F53003B1FC3C">Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="2C59CA09C3CBA2C24BF740A281AB2837" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="B2AFE7457A560EB562BC98B2676BEB6A">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="C32A95025A0C189EEAAD1C96F260B0BD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="8F8A2C175DAFC951277760539E80E05E">Schwartz, Benjamin F.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="44EE86204A99B2679EC0239EBAFFFBA2" type="ORCID">0000-0002-0072-344X</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="C687B7CE8FF7801331954108E74FA43D">Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="61E835750B45AF82286CBFF91DC3D23F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem id="D2C232781315502ABC4F02308265D44C" type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="FF4EBE858E5152C3AEF39BD6A5DFD5EE">
|
||||
<mods:title id="11B5DDAFAB79CCDE32CB83634D9B901A">Subterranean Biology</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part id="F63C9ADC008CC443BB58ECD01B5D7829">
|
||||
<mods:date id="D104DE1279A489924D4E51E3A00939E7">2025</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="B19AA299817965CD8D46DF927E5D897D" type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number id="A5BB03123C3C62CA1B1CBEB643C66252">2025-02-04</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="4FF373D0829742BABF2D74A486A09832" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="52046E3387BA4F2D8E13E65AAA843847">50</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent id="2E44C1D4BAB6845E6E985F51647197C0" unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start id="BE4DBAA480A8C1945CF75B29B9FD1634">119</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end id="00BE4D6CDA5D13F65DB0B7BDBFD58A09">151</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="CAE28642E578E51A51726358CD330585">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="DE7986E16E4CD31CC2F89113331C234C" type="DOI">10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="FEFE7CFD74E83C2C56C9FB9BC785515D" type="ZooBank">4E0CCF70-D052-4828-AED4-4346C33B99DF</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="E2875DDCA0C65E8BA16E2F22318671AB" ID-arpha="E2875DDC-A0C6-5E8B-A16E-2F22318671AB" ID-zoobank="https://zoobank.org/AAC648E3-12FA-4136-B799-BD5E2829EF66" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E2875DDCA0C65E8BA16E2F22318671AB" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AAC648E3-12FA-4136-B799-BD5E2829EF66" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E2875DDCA0C65E8BA16E2F22318671AB" scope_class="Gastropoda" scope_family="Cochliopidae" scope_order="Littorinimorpha" scope_phylum="Mollusca" scope_subClass="Caenogastropoda" scope_superFamily="Truncatelloidea">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0D345418B7AE96EB790BA7FC8C6FC7EB" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FBFB807F14BA728FABC2EDB9088B2FA6">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="27F6917F5989AEB52EF5B729A0893C0B" authority="Perez, Saenz & Gonzalez, 2025" authorityName="Perez, Saenz & Gonzalez" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Stygopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B293FB5197F961086E9217B685DB660A" italics="true">Stygopyrgus gracilis</emphasis>
|
||||
Perez, Saenz & Gonzalez, 2025
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="648EF74C2CB8C0478D1F545351D66DA2" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="8EFC2D0A8AAD6374AB89292B921675EA" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="95A113365889BA45CF04F8CD02F000F5">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9D939A01E6C7E5172218EB31702DD2F3" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. SEM of shells A shells of Stygopyrgus variabilis sp. nov., Las Palmas 5, Lower Canyons of the Rio Grande, Brewster Co., TX. ANSP 506748 B Las Palmas 1, Lower Canyons of the Rio Grande, Brewster Co., TX C shell of Stygopyrgus gracilis sp. nov., Fresno Creek, Fresno Canyon, Presidio County, TX. ANSP 506744 D Texapyrgus diaboli, comb. nov., lectotype of Tryonia diaboli, ANSP 91726, Drift of Devils River, Val Verde County, TX E Big Satan Canyon, Devils River, Val Verde County, TX F Phreatodrobia embossa sp. nov., Caroline Springs, Terrell County, TX. ANSP 506746. Scale bars: 500 µm (A – C, F); 300 µm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1242126">Figs 4 C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="B4DFB1B5BE460308A0DDBFF1BDCC1592" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. SEM of protoconch sculpture A – D & teleoconch sculpture E – I A, E Stygopyrgus variabilis sp. nov. Individual from Las Palmas 1, Lower Canyons of the Rio Grande, Brewster County, TX B, F Stygopyrgus gracilis sp. nov. Individual from Fresno Canyon, Presidio County, TX C, G Texapyrgus diaboli comb. nov. Individual from Big Satan Canyon, Devils River, Val Verde County, TX D, H Phreatodrobia embossa sp. nov. Individual from Caroline Springs, Terrell County, TX I Balconorbis coronae comb. nov. Individual from Indian Springs Canyon Springs, Val Verde County, TX. Scale bars: 100 µm (A – E); 50 µm (E – I)." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1242127">5 B, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1909E1967F2888C4ADEF6FEB6E9A51CE" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Dorsal view of the penis of the three new species A Stygopyrgus variabilis B Stygopyrgus gracilis C Phreatodrobia embossa. Yellow color is due to Bouin’s solution for dissection, preserved tissues are white. Scale bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1242128">6 B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="294492C1B942FC2132C2D79742CE9974" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. SEM of radula (A – F) of new Stygopyrgus species A – C Stygopyrgus variabilis, Las Palmas 1, Lower Canyons of the Rio Grande, Brewster County, TX D – F Stygopyrgus gracilis, Fresno Canyon, Presidio County, TX. Scale bar radula: 1 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1242129">7 B</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EK4BG" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="1794C2A1B60F5F63B2BA4261505BB981">
|
||||
<heading id="41EF5C5ED181F1D62EC0430F077DDA7C" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A4AF18912FBB1E8E4EA5359FD50BD645">Shell minute, elongate, turriform, nearly smooth on both protoconch and teleoconch with few fine spiral lines and longitudinal growth lines. Penis slender with single, blunt, elongate papillae on inner curve near mid-length and sharply tapering distal end.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EP4BG" type="type locality">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A5BE5D29292C101975EB12473811A2FF">
|
||||
<heading id="6C49DEBBA4D48AC5CD33D118DA429EAA" reason="title">Type locality.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BBC3C648D6CB62DC4E825DDBE65EAF76">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="B493715E3826C9E716B0801F2EB5A4D4" country="United States of America" county="Presidio County" latitude="29.74829" location="Fresno Creek, hyporheic zone" longLatPrecision="4" longitude="-102.6075" municipality="Big Bend Ranch State Park" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Texas">
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="C4178F55DD890EA6035B2EFFA5EB71B1" name="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="71D54E63E75F7FFF1E9BFB8C9FECC452" country="United States of America" name="Texas">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCounty id="0F83AEE41C3F80938031420DA17E2C7D">Presidio County</collectingCounty>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="DEBCDC89511459908B4D716E7BBA0A9F">Big Bend Ranch State Park</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location id="ADC01EC5F6EF886337B95E69B9E47CDF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E2875DDCA0C65E8BA16E2F22318671AB:ADC01EC5F6EF886337B95E69B9E47CDF" country="United States of America" county="Presidio County" latitude="29.74829" longLatPrecision="4" longitude="-102.6075" municipality="Big Bend Ranch State Park" name="Fresno Creek, hyporheic zone" stateProvince="Texas">Fresno Creek, hyporheic zone</location>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EY4BG" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-102.607500,29.748290]}">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="C71E7CB6867FBB16049BA1833DAD179B" degrees="29.74829" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="29.74829">29.74829</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="8404DE3367A5D7BEEEACC04F61658DB0" degrees="102.6075" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-102.6075">- 102.6075</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E44BG" type="material">
|
||||
<paragraph id="CA18AA02535F186B4C6661BE25CBBBFD">
|
||||
<heading id="1C4E8A9A9C51CF9BEA92B28F6779F056" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="1B0FC3CE7C700FFD18D4BD0C53BAF6FC">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2C99BA9EE25685ABE50FBB59AD30735" bold="true" italics="true">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="9F0E1C3BDF197DB0CAD84BA2C2383F08" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis id="5ACE20EE84CA924B53A6A6B357C94423" bold="true" italics="true">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="61137A2B2E4612F45EA1B63C1A685BBD" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
–
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="4E68E61756AC9CFD0C3FC15D7B1751A9" collectingDate="2021-10-05" collectingMethod="hyporheic sample" collectionCode="ANSP" collectorName="K. E. Perez & A. Cottrell & L. Pustka" country="United States of America" county="Presidio County" latitude="29.30064" location="Fresno Creek" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-103.84596" municipality="Big Bend Ranch State Park" specimenCode="ANSP 506744, ANSP 506745" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Texas" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8F2059EA1A715CF13036945CE446BCC4" name="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="829F5031D98D5B5F2413D73E1E291776" country="United States of America" name="Texas">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCounty id="05C8BA8B61BF995794F1B105DB19DAF0">Presidio County</collectingCounty>
|
||||
•
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="5BE83B8151EBC62B4DB4CAF34A10C49A">Big Bend Ranch State Park</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location id="697B76AB2433992E4DCC8953CE64EDA5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E2875DDCA0C65E8BA16E2F22318671AB:697B76AB2433992E4DCC8953CE64EDA5" country="United States of America" county="Presidio County" latitude="29.30064" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-103.84596" municipality="Big Bend Ranch State Park" name="Fresno Creek" stateProvince="Texas">Fresno Creek</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMethod id="78FD97656BC9B2DE7A0F7D107C936B3B">hyporheic sample</collectingMethod>
|
||||
, collected by
|
||||
<collectorName id="F3E8803D5476339300C5E059B29766BD">K. E. Perez</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="B27B85584920676A1BA7F087842D27A1">A. Cottrell</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="A6F020B1EF5577F174D9C4F587511BEC">L. Pustka</collectorName>
|
||||
, (
|
||||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EO5BG" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-103.845960,29.300640]}">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="B73A4B6B18EF60B2E9A4C2743AFBF708" degrees="29.30064" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="29.30064">29.30064</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="D7DC9B1E7BD6AFB7389CE74B5EB2AF3E" degrees="103.84596" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-103.84596">- 103.84596</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<date id="ABC7A06ABA5DC548FEA2B94FE74B15BD" value="2021-10-05">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="AC9508A8F03981CA50253F7D9945E83D" value="2021-10-05">5 October 2021</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<specimenCode id="5D4795A1F20A64DA50340A6AEA0B7A38" collectionCode="ANSP" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" type="">
|
||||
<named-content id="C58E892EDD69C3CA6069DFF3BA5D5B76" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/academy-natural-sciences-philadelphia" xlink_title="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia at Drexler University">ANSP</named-content>
|
||||
506744
|
||||
</specimenCode>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="C9B143526CC2B42A272D8144AAEB9915" collectionCode="ANSP" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" type="">
|
||||
<named-content id="A1321E621E9968242BA29C52D62AF554" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/academy-natural-sciences-philadelphia" xlink_title="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia at Drexler University">ANSP</named-content>
|
||||
506745
|
||||
</specimenCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E25BG" type="material">
|
||||
<paragraph id="0F0E0B1C26A662341FDD220CD8B46E12">
|
||||
<heading id="98B0B0719ED22B3EC0F3FA487DF54E06" reason="title">Additional material examined.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A6DD0C42B0A773E4B928CFBE864B1386">
|
||||
–
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="E6212B7DCA8196A9FDFC09A729108DB7" collectingDate="2021-12-10" collectingMethod="hyporheic sample" collectionCode="ABC" collectorName="K. E. Perez & B. Schwartz & B. Hutchins" country="United States of America" county="Presidio County" latitude="29.30064" location="Fresno Creek" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-103.84596" municipality="Big Bend Ranch State Park" specimenCode="ABC-000919" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Texas">
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E6F9E366C16FC9384D45972E20D1E93A" name="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="B9E6CE12895955AC319A5D374303F942" country="United States of America" name="Texas">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCounty id="53C3C4D98D268C0B9DF9BBA739261958">Presidio County</collectingCounty>
|
||||
•
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="E15488E8C323B39335C68B27E94E0689">Big Bend Ranch State Park</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location id="D72A299EDA52CE474EF181C47C9AE5E1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E2875DDCA0C65E8BA16E2F22318671AB:D72A299EDA52CE474EF181C47C9AE5E1" country="United States of America" county="Presidio County" latitude="29.30064" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-103.84596" municipality="Big Bend Ranch State Park" name="Fresno Creek" stateProvince="Texas">Fresno Creek</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMethod id="076187A03241BE63C730879303F95CEE">hyporheic sample</collectingMethod>
|
||||
, collected by
|
||||
<collectorName id="E3E3758D8365121C7A13643C47D73A2B">K. E. Perez</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="ACFCD0A7601DA6D36EE8E32FB22A6287">B. Schwartz</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="A210BA6D08E58A1514AF6964324481F9">B. Hutchins</collectorName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EE6BG" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-103.845960,29.300640]}">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="FB27869B4F7F415EF3EB2BCB6B6AB697" degrees="29.30064" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="29.30064">29.30064</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="7E40E9A4B94A25A12149C30AFB04F3C2" degrees="103.84596" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-103.84596">- 103.84596</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<date id="7FCCCB4766726FCDC27435A906917E5A" value="2021-12-10">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="F3846F4CFCA0AD6FE99AB78844862CDF" value="2021-12-10">10 December 2021</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<specimenCode id="09DA342582E43BB81F2425A08BD9192C">
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EJ6BG" xlink_title="Texas State University Aquifer Biodiversity Collection">ABC</abbrev>
|
||||
-000919
|
||||
</specimenCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EN6BG" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F31F5F1232EA069102EF1ED81A93051D">
|
||||
<heading id="81F2C0BA4FF5E563C9B31B5D500F1C7A" reason="title">Description.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BC0B8B4547223CB725389DF88A12A36B">
|
||||
Shell minute, transparent, thin, nearly smooth, turriform, lightly sculptured. Spire finely tapering. Sutures deeply incised, growing deeper towards the body whorl, until aperture is separated from body whorl. Fine transverse lines along occasional whorls of teleoconch. Fine collabral growth lines at regular intervals on last two whorls. Sutures contain irregular indentations increasing in quantity approaching apex. Body whorl and aperture separated from previous whorl in adults. First whorl of protoconch elevated. Aperture ovate, lip thin, slightly reflected at base of aperture in adults, and not thickened. Aperture tilted forward. Umbilicus a wide slit due to separation of aperture from body whorl. Average shell measurements for adults (n = 8): shell height =
|
||||
<quantity id="687A5F707C01EC3B992D617E959E1E69" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.32" unit="mm" value="1.32">1.32 mm</quantity>
|
||||
(SD = 0.14), shell width =
|
||||
<quantity id="F1E9322EF8A8FE1775C7E0291F8AAF81" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" unit="mm" value="0.52">0.52 mm</quantity>
|
||||
(SD = 0.06), aperture height =
|
||||
<quantity id="D98D807116F75EBDD558C744E11A6B0A" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" unit="mm" value="0.38">0.38 mm</quantity>
|
||||
(SD = 0.04), aperture width =
|
||||
<quantity id="9012EF3378C6D6B0E4EE0B52DDA319E4" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.30 mm</quantity>
|
||||
(SD = 0.03), number of whorls = 5.34 (SD = 0.55).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F7063BB87740862D271AE6F6F3B50EC0">Body unpigmented, snout rounded, slightly tapered, with rounded distal lobes. Tentacles short, squat, tapered with no eyes or eye patches visible. Foot short, anterior portion rounded, without lateral wings. Ctenidium, when present, a series of 10 + triangular lobes found through the pallial roof, not present in some individuals. Intestine curves in “ s ” shape through pallial cavity, with rectum ending near edge of mantle. Intestine lined with short oval fecal pellets. Operculum extremely thin, lightly pigmented amber, nucleus submarginal, edge rounded, distinct muscle attachment scar. No apparent thickened or raised portion on inner surface. Penis very long, thin, and tapering, hooked at the distal end in preserved specimens. Proximal half of the penis length with shallow folds, one papilla present about 2 / 3 of way towards distal end. Female reproductive anatomy not described due to a lack of female specimens.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6A546923ABDEAEF29685515F5A940359">
|
||||
Central radula tooth trapezoidal. Central cusp of central radular tooth oval with rounded edge (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="6B12DA2513C1701B3AD432B059A3F984" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. SEM of radula (A – F) of new Stygopyrgus species A – C Stygopyrgus variabilis, Las Palmas 1, Lower Canyons of the Rio Grande, Brewster County, TX D – F Stygopyrgus gracilis, Fresno Canyon, Presidio County, TX. Scale bar radula: 1 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1242129">7 D</figureCitation>
|
||||
); lateral cusps 5–6 on each side; central cusp about 1 / 3 longer than adjacent cusps with elongate oval shape, lateral cusps become less rounded and more pointed distally, tapering at the end. Single pair of basal cusps conical, pointed, singular basal cusps pointed, with small buttress. Basal tongue broadly v-shaped. Face of lateral tooth rectangular, narrowing upon reaching the outer wing; outer wing tapering; central cusp slightly longer than lateral cusps, 6–7 cusps outer and 5 cusps inner direction, decreasing in size distally. Inner marginal teeth with broad outer wing, no basal notch, 22–23 cusps visible, similar in length, inner cusps slightly longer, middle cusps slightly wider at base, last 2–3 cusps shorter than the rest. Outer marginal teeth broad and curved at end, cusps 9–11. Middle cusps longer, fingerlike (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="4372A198FDC72F41AC09FE33779FD780" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. SEM of radula (A – F) of new Stygopyrgus species A – C Stygopyrgus variabilis, Las Palmas 1, Lower Canyons of the Rio Grande, Brewster County, TX D – F Stygopyrgus gracilis, Fresno Canyon, Presidio County, TX. Scale bar radula: 1 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.50.138174.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1242129">7 E, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E46BG" type="Taxonomic remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6446EAE1533DDD33E193999CDFAE3026">
|
||||
<heading id="711DCC8E5CCE13BB32A79A6E0833FE6B" reason="title">Taxonomic remarks.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C54CA53FC615E56BC167F217F9AA0B8C">
|
||||
Both mitochondrial and nuclear gene phylogenies place this new species near
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8072E07D335ACC7457C613D92D560926" authorityName="Hershler & Longley" authorityYear="1986" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Stygopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bartonensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7E9B3490A0BA0CB27A950028660FAA68" italics="true">Stygopyrgus bartonensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(9.6 % p-distance) and with 10.1 % p-distance from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4B0F65FEE74205D9219D8BC003FD17C4" authorityName="Perez & Saenz" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Stygopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="variabilis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="271ED58CF18D476EEE43570CFDDF1DE3" italics="true">Stygopyrgus variabilis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. However, the branch support is only moderate for placement in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A64294F764245F5A83F1F3BDAB18C259" authorityName="Hershler & Longley" authorityYear="1986" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Stygopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F296A1622F827DF8CBDCDED830F6646F" italics="true">Stygopyrgus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. In addition, these species share a minute shell, elongately conic shell outline, and teleoconch sculpture including raised spiral lines and collabral growth lines. These sculptural features are greatly reduced in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="817C44126D547AF4B54CF3F97D686B1B" authorityName="Perez, Saenz & Gonzalez" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Stygopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2755F47E37C95D0C7211200DE23A88CA" italics="true">Stygopyrgus gracilis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A2910BC8ED5697B3BCED56F3058C3B4A" authorityName="Perez, Saenz & Gonzalez" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Stygopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="91877775331251EDC6AAC980FDDBDC1B" italics="true">Stygopyrgus gracilis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
share aspects of penial morphology with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="814B36270C7856B672AC09C94DF53DDA" authorityName="Hershler & Longley" authorityYear="1986" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Stygopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bartonensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1136A219E2D6FA28423F4A96C5C06DC2" italics="true">S. bartonensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with a slender penis tapering but with a single instead of two papillae and a more elongate and sharply tapering distal end. This combination of DNA and morphological features seems to situate this species squarely in the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="31B4A74B4C53E1B02F9147FD5B07EADA" authorityName="Hershler & Longley" authorityYear="1986" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Stygopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6C0E12B9FD6D0DA74B445CCC9F7F23E1" italics="true">Stygopyrgus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
but is sufficiently distinctive to merit species status.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EJCAI" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="169B87321D9CEA6B0B423F633AC72CAE">
|
||||
<heading id="4FCD4D20734B28AB3B6D9FD097FD7ABC" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="106270F4A18C7AAB9DDD0CE7AEE8A1CE">
|
||||
The name
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="064EE14AE75F0760F2DA0A4906FE19C2" authorityName="Perez, Saenz & Gonzalez" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Stygopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||||
“
|
||||
<emphasis id="E1FF2B9EEA5BEF6C7B573E9EC08B6543" italics="true">gracilis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
” was chosen to reflect the elongate, slender form of the shell.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EZCAI" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="37B84D7F9E780545BCCF59C98E51E546">
|
||||
<heading id="2F61D9875FF268BBEB141B5B9A19D08C" reason="title">Ecology and habitat.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F1DC564B7370495EB7A6E21477FDB80A">
|
||||
Fresno Creek watershed contains a mostly dry gravelly desert stream channel with intermittent reaches of permanent water, flowing southward through Fresno Canyon on the west side of the Solitario in Big Bend Ranch State Park (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8D047B24836C274251AA217240D9102D" author="Rush" firstAuthor="Rush" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science" pagination="326-335" refId="B41" refString="Rush RW (1960) Drainage Development in Lower Fresno Creek Area, Presidio County, Texas. Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science 67: 326–335. https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol67/iss1/43" title="Drainage Development in Lower Fresno Creek Area, Presidio County, Texas." url="https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol67/iss1/43" volume="67" year="1960">Rush 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Fresno Creek joins the Rio Grande / Rio Bravo ~
|
||||
<quantity id="C470C4E8C90E442706D1D6AFFFE4ACC7" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" unit="km" value="2.3">2.3 km</quantity>
|
||||
below the type locality. Upstream reaches of Fresno Creek receive small amounts of water from springs in the Chorro Canyon tributary, where water emerges from volcanic rock layers. The eastern side of the basin contains extensive, karstified limestones of the Solitario and Terlingua monocline. Small springs along Fresno Creek itself, and groundwater underflow discharging into the extensive gravels forming the creek bed, also contribute to flows.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="64B49DE782AC522BDFC0F2169214FD76" authorityName="Perez, Saenz & Gonzalez" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Stygopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="47F202134C8DC404FBDE480D2BD5D338" italics="true">Stygopyrgus gracilis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was found in hyporheic samples collected from gravel deposits in a short perennial reach where a bedrock exposure in the streambed forces subsurface flows in upstream gravels to reach the surface. Water chemistry values averaging 24.89 ° C, pH 7.95, conductivity of 1071 μS / cm, and dissolved oxygen of
|
||||
<quantity id="87B41A7606C17BC203F461D92C9CAB86" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.37" unit="mg" value="5.37">5.37 mg</quantity>
|
||||
/ L.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2E39DB4FAA64F8FC76DD12F27E794526">
|
||||
Fresno Creek fauna included nematodes, freshwater mites, freshwater Annelida, and crustaceans (ostracods, cyclopoid and harpaticoid copepods). Insects included
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="033DB8359FB448BB93176DBDEBB64668" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dytiscidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="84103601F592D6DF9E715E11A7DCF04B" class="Insecta" family="Dryopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dryopidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue