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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1051.64603" ID-GBIF-Dataset="63eec201-8a87-4f98-9758-c7d38b15c7a6" ID-PMC="PMC8342412" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1051-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="BE8CC6847F645F61BB2F7A6BCF96FD64" ID-PubMed="34393548" ID-ZooBank="639E252D43924ABB910BCEA5D8AD2487" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1051-1" checkinTime="1627629668818" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lonsdale, Owen" docDate="2021" docId="CB8268F8B2F85EDCC9F560C8A512D0F4" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1051: 1-481" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1051" docPubDate="2021-07-29" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1051.64603" docTitle="Liriomyza violivora" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="BE8CC6847F645F61BB2F7A6BCF96FD64" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="BE8CC6847F645F61BB2F7A6BCF96FD64" masterDocTitle="Manual of North American Agromyzidae (Diptera, Schizophora), with revision of the fauna of the &quot; Delmarva &quot; states" masterLastPageNumber="481" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668150737868" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Manual of North American Agromyzidae (Diptera, Schizophora), with revision of the fauna of the &quot; Delmarva &quot; states</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lonsdale, Owen</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Agriculture &amp; Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K 1 A 0 C 6, Canada</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">neoxabea@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-07-29</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1051</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1051.64603</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1051.64603</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1051-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="183833169" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CB8268F8B2F85EDCC9F560C8A512D0F4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CB8268F8B2F85EDCC9F560C8A512D0F4" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authority="(Spencer)" baseAuthorityName="Spencer" class="Insecta" family="Phytomyzinae" genus="Liriomyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liriomyza violivora" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="violivora">Liriomyza violivora (Spencer)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 116–123" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figures 116 - 123. Liriomyza violivora (Spencer), male 116 lateral 117 head, anterior 118, 119 Metopomyza interfrontalis (Melander), male 118 lateral 119 head, anterior 120 Haplopeodes minutus (Frost), female, lateral 121 - 123 Nemorimyza posticata (Meigen), anterior, with illustration showing lateral tibial bristles." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1051.64603.figures116-123" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/572114" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 116</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 116–123" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figures 116 - 123. Liriomyza violivora (Spencer), male 116 lateral 117 head, anterior 118, 119 Metopomyza interfrontalis (Melander), male 118 lateral 119 head, anterior 120 Haplopeodes minutus (Frost), female, lateral 121 - 123 Nemorimyza posticata (Meigen), anterior, with illustration showing lateral tibial bristles." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1051.64603.figures116-123" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/572114" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 117</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 645–652" captionStartId="F113" captionText="Figures 645 - 652. Liriomyza violivora Spencer, male genitalia 645 external genitalia, ventral (subepandrial sclerite shaded) 646 external genitalia, posterior 647 external genitalia, anterior 648 external genitalia, left lateral 649 ejaculatory apodeme 650 phallus, left lateral 651 phallus, ventral. Originally published in Lonsdale (2017) 652 L. violivora, wing." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1051.64603.figures645-652" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/572212" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 645-652</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spencer" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Phytomyzinae" genus="Galiomyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Galiomyza violivora" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="violivora">Galiomyza violivora</taxonomicName>
Spencer in
<bibRefCitation author="Spencer, KA" journalOrPublisher="Agriculture Handbook" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 478" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51258090" refId="B261" refString="Spencer, KA, Steyskal, GC, 1986b. Manual of the Agromyzidae (Diptera) of the United States. U.S.D.A. Agriculture Handbook 638: 1 - 478, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51258090" title="Manual of the Agromyzidae (Diptera) of the United States. U. S. D. A." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51258090" volume="638" year="1986 b">Spencer and Steyskal 1986b</bibRefCitation>
: 298;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2006.12.018" author="Scheffer, SJ" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="756 - 775" refId="B222" refString="Scheffer, SJ, Winkler, IS, Wiegmann, BM, 2007. Phylogenetic relationships within the leaf-mining flies (Diptera: Agromyzidae) inferred from sequence data from multiple genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 42: 756 - 775, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2006.12.018" title="Phylogenetic relationships within the leaf-mining flies (Diptera: Agromyzidae) inferred from sequence data from multiple genes." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2006.12.018" volume="42" year="2007">Scheffer et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
: 772.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Phytomyzinae" genus="Liriomyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liriomyza violivora" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="violivora">Liriomyza violivora</taxonomicName>
. Lonsdale, 2017: 101;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4450.1.5" author="Scheffer, SJ" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="77 - 90" refId="B220" refString="Scheffer, SJ, Lonsdale, O, 2018. A survey of Agromyzidae (Diptera) reared from leafmines on Long Island, New York including the description and host association of one new species. Zootaxa 4450 (1): 77 - 90, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4450.1.5" title="A survey of Agromyzidae (Diptera) reared from leafmines on Long Island, New York including the description and host association of one new species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4450.1.5" volume="4450" year="2018">Scheffer and Lonsdale 2018</bibRefCitation>
: 87;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4479.1.1" author="Eiseman, CS" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 156" refId="B49" refString="Eiseman, CS, Lonsdale, O, 2018. New state and host records for Agromyzidae (Diptera) in the United States, with the description of thirty new species. Zootaxa 4479 (1): 1 - 156, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4479.1.1" title="New state and host records for Agromyzidae (Diptera) in the United States, with the description of thirty new species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4479.1.1" volume="4479" year="2018">Eiseman and Lonsdale 2018</bibRefCitation>
: 59.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 116–123" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figures 116 - 123. Liriomyza violivora (Spencer), male 116 lateral 117 head, anterior 118, 119 Metopomyza interfrontalis (Melander), male 118 lateral 119 head, anterior 120 Haplopeodes minutus (Frost), female, lateral 121 - 123 Nemorimyza posticata (Meigen), anterior, with illustration showing lateral tibial bristles." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1051.64603.figures116-123" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/572114" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">116</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 116–123" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figures 116 - 123. Liriomyza violivora (Spencer), male 116 lateral 117 head, anterior 118, 119 Metopomyza interfrontalis (Melander), male 118 lateral 119 head, anterior 120 Haplopeodes minutus (Frost), female, lateral 121 - 123 Nemorimyza posticata (Meigen), anterior, with illustration showing lateral tibial bristles." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1051.64603.figures116-123" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/572114" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">117</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 645–652" captionStartId="F113" captionText="Figures 645 - 652. Liriomyza violivora Spencer, male genitalia 645 external genitalia, ventral (subepandrial sclerite shaded) 646 external genitalia, posterior 647 external genitalia, anterior 648 external genitalia, left lateral 649 ejaculatory apodeme 650 phallus, left lateral 651 phallus, ventral. Originally published in Lonsdale (2017) 652 L. violivora, wing." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1051.64603.figures645-652" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/572212" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">652</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Wing length 1.7-2.2 mm (♂), 1.8-2.0 mm (♀). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 1.9-2.5. Eye height divided by gena height: 2.5-3.4. Face and centre of frons soft. Fronto-orbital plate visible laterally and slightly projecting anteriorly. Clypeus broad anteriorly. Notum subshiny.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chaetotaxy</emphasis>
: Two to three ori; two ors. Postocellar and ocellar setae as long as ors. Orbital setulae dark, pronounced and reclinate. Four dorsocentrals, one presutural, decreasing in length anteriorly with anterior two subequal. Acrostichal setulae in four scattered rows.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colouration</emphasis>
: Head light brown to dirty yellow, with clypeus, palpus, back of head, face, and lower margin of gena (very dark and shiny) brown; lunule darker ventrally, broad and shallow; frons yellow with fronto-orbital plate dark brown; first flagellomere brownish to brown with dorsum darker and base yellowish (paler on inner surface); entire antenna dark brown in USA specimens. Scutum with complete yellow lateral stripe. Scutellum and metanotum dark brown. Pleuron brown with sutures yellowish (widest on anepimeron). Calypter margin and hairs dark. Legs brown with femora apices light brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Genitalia</emphasis>
: (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 645–652" captionStartId="F113" captionText="Figures 645 - 652. Liriomyza violivora Spencer, male genitalia 645 external genitalia, ventral (subepandrial sclerite shaded) 646 external genitalia, posterior 647 external genitalia, anterior 648 external genitalia, left lateral 649 ejaculatory apodeme 650 phallus, left lateral 651 phallus, ventral. Originally published in Lonsdale (2017) 652 L. violivora, wing." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1051.64603.figures645-652" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/572212" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">645-651</figureCitation>
) Epandrium with single spine (sometimes two on one side). Surstylus without spine, completely fused to epandrium. Basiphallus sclerotised on dorsal and left lateral surfaces, and with narrow sclerotised extension on right lateral surface; left and right apical margins produced into narrow extensions. Hypophallus membranous. Mesophallus cylindrical, approximately as long as, but narrower than swollen section of ejaculatory duct. Paraphallus narrow basally but broadly expanded apically and with inner margin arched inwards and narrowly fused to ventral suture on mesophallus. Distiphallus 1/2 length of mesophallus, darker than mesophallus, and entirely bifid with halves cup-shaped, tapering to base and with several minute spinules on inner surface. Ejaculatory apodeme with narrow blade expanding from short stem; sperm pump with hemispherical sclerotisation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Variation</emphasis>
: Dorsal margin of anepisternum yellow in Canadian specimens. USA specimens with fore coxa yellow and scutellum sometimes mostly to entirely dark brown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="host">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Host.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mik" authorityYear="1894" family="Violaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Violaceae</taxonomicName>
-
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Viola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Viola" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Viola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Canada</emphasis>
: AB.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">USA</emphasis>
: MD, MS, NC, NY, OH, PA.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
: USA. MS
</emphasis>
: Washington Co., Leland, emerged 4.vi.1979, G. McMinn (1♂, USNM).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Additional material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2014-09-17" collectingDateMax="2015-03-23" collectingDateMin="2014-09-17" collectorName="C. S. Eiseman" country="USA" location="Monkey Hollow Rd." municipality="Sunbury" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Delaware">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingCountry name="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
. OH
</emphasis>
:
<collectingRegion country="United States of America" name="Delaware">Delaware</collectingRegion>
Co.,
<collectingMunicipality>Sunbury</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CB8268F8B2F85EDCC9F560C8A512D0F4:E076ECE8973DDEBA36B71DE37748B41C" country="USA" municipality="Sunbury" name="Monkey Hollow Rd." stateProvince="Delaware">Monkey Hollow Rd.</location>
,
<collectingDate value="2014-09-17">17.ix.2014</collectingDate>
, em.
<collectingDate value="2014-10-08">8.x.2014</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName>C.S. Eiseman</collectorName>
, ex
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Viola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Viola pubescens" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pubescens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Viola pubescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, #CSE1395, CNC384890 (
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, CNC), em.
<collectingDate value="2015-03-23">23.iii.2015</collectingDate>
, #CSE1482, CNC654470 (
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, CNC). Also
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">s</emphasis>
ee
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4234.1.1" author="Lonsdale, O" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 156" refId="B142" refString="Lonsdale, O, 2017. The Liriomyza (Diptera: Schizophora: Agromyzidae) of Canada and Alaska. Zootaxa 4234 (1): 1 - 156, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4234.1.1" title="The Liriomyza (Diptera: Schizophora: Agromyzidae) of Canada and Alaska." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4234.1.1" volume="4234" year="2017">Lonsdale (2017)</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title>Mollusc species from the Pontocaspian region - an expert opinion list</mods:title>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wesselingh, Frank</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Poorten, Jan Johan ter</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, United States of America</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kijashko, Pavel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Albrecht, Christian</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Anistratenko, Olga Yu</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Schmalhausen Instite of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine &amp; Institute of Geological Sciences, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, KievUkraine</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Frolov, Pavel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Gándara, Alberto Martinez</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Grigore Artipa National Museum of Natural History, Bucharest, Romania</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Gittenberger, Arjan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Gittenberger Marine Research, Inventory &amp; Strategy, Leiden, Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Gogaladze, Aleksandre</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Mikhail Karpinsky</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Popa, Luis</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Grigore Antirpa National Museum of Natural History, Bucharest, Romania</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Sands, Arthur F</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Vandendorpe, Justine</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wilke, Thomas</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Justus Liebig University Giessen Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>827</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>31</mods:start>
<mods:end>124</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.827.31365</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.827.31365</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-827-31</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">10B663895E424E5287D8F49E2405D651</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">10B663895E424E5287D8F49E2405D651</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="183410566" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CB82FC816F9774399DFFCCED22ACC90F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CB82FC816F9774399DFFCCED22ACC90F" lastPageNumber="40" pageNumber="40">
<subSubSection type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Didacna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Didacna baeri" order="Cardiida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="baeri">
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="40" start="start">Didacna</pageBreakToken>
baeri
</taxonomicName>
(Grimm, 1877)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection type="description">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Fig. 3a</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
*1877
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Cardium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cardium Baeri" order="Cardiida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Baeri">Cardium Baeri</taxonomicName>
Grimm: 51-54, pl. 8, figs 2, 3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
1914
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Didacna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Didacna Baeri" order="Cardiida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Baeri">Didacna Baeri</taxonomicName>
(Grimm, 1877). - Nalivkin &amp; Anisimov: 4, pl. 1, figs 4, 5.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
1932
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Didacna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Didacna Baeri" order="Cardiida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Baeri">Didacna Baeri</taxonomicName>
(Grimm, 1877). - Bogachev: 29, pl. 3, figs 1-7.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
1933
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Didacna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Didacna Baeri" order="Cardiida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Baeri">Didacna Baeri</taxonomicName>
(Grimm, 1877). - Zhizhchenko: 34, pl. 2, figs 5-8.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
1952
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Didacna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Didacna baeri" order="Cardiida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="baeri">Didacna baeri</taxonomicName>
(Grimm, 1877). - Zhadin: 347-348, figs 321, 322.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
1953
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Didacna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Didacna baeri" order="Cardiida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="baeri">Didacna baeri</taxonomicName>
(Grimm, 1877). - Fedorov: 129, pl. 20, figs 10, 11.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
1968
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Didacna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Didacna baeri" order="Cardiida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="baeri">Didacna baeri</taxonomicName>
(Grimm, 1877). - Gadzhiev: 76-77, pl. 1, figs 1, 2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
1969
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Didacna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Didacna baeri" order="Cardiida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="baeri">Didacna baeri</taxonomicName>
(Grimm). - Logvinenko &amp; Starobogatov: 324, fig. 344(2).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
1969
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Didacna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Didacna baeri" order="Cardiida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="baeri">Didacna baeri</taxonomicName>
(Grimm, 1877). - Vekilov: 139-144, pl. 25, figs 1-8.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
1973
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Didacna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Didacna baeri" order="Cardiida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="baeri">Didacna baeri</taxonomicName>
Grimm, 1877. - Grossu: 131, text fig. 7.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
1983
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Didacna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Didacna baeri" order="Cardiida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="baeri">Didacna baeri</taxonomicName>
(Grimm, 1877). - Popov: 180, pl. 16, figs 20-23.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
1988
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Didacna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Didacna baeri" order="Cardiida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="baeri">Didacna baeri</taxonomicName>
(Grimm, 1877). - Yanina &amp; Svitoch: 129, pl. 3, figs 7-13.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
2005
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Didacna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Didacna baeri" order="Cardiida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="baeri">Didacna baeri</taxonomicName>
(Grimm, 1877). - Yanina: 242-244, pl. 14, figs 12-15.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
2007
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Didacna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Didacna baeri" order="Cardiida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="baeri">Didacna baeri</taxonomicName>
(Grimm, 1877). - Nevesskaja: 940-941, pl. 23, figs 11-17.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
2013
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Didacna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Didacna baeri" order="Cardiida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="baeri">Didacna baeri</taxonomicName>
(Grimm, 1877). - Kijashko in Bogutskaya et al.: 352, fig. 136, photo 41 [pars, excluding synonymy of
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Didacna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Didacna crassa" order="Cardiida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="crassa">Didacna crassa</taxonomicName>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
2016
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Didacna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Didacna baeri" order="Cardiida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="baeri">Didacna baeri</taxonomicName>
(Grimm, 1877). - Vinarski &amp; Kantor: 71 [pars, excluding synonymy of
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Didacna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Didacna crassa" order="Cardiida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="crassa">Didacna crassa</taxonomicName>
].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Status. Pontocaspian species, endemic to Caspian Sea.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection type="multiple">
<caption pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
Figure 2. Syntype of
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Cerastoderma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cerastoderma rhomboides" order="Cardiida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rhomboides">Cerastoderma rhomboides</taxonomicName>
(Lamarck, 1819), stored in the
<normalizedToken originalValue="Muséum">Museum</normalizedToken>
national
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Histoire">d'Histoire</normalizedToken>
naturelle Paris (MNHN.F.A50142), Pliocene, Tuscany, Italy. Photograph by E Porez. https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/f/item/a50142?lang=fr_FR
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
Type locality. Caspian Sea, offshore Turkmenistan, station 132,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="40.533333">40°32'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="52.383335">52°23'E</geoCoordinate>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
Distribution.
<bibRefCitation pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Logvinenko and Starobogatov (1969)</bibRefCitation>
reported
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Didacna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Didacna baeri" order="Cardiida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="baeri">Didacna baeri</taxonomicName>
from the southern basin (mostly on the eastern side) and from the middle basin down to 60 m water depth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
Taxonomic notes. In recent works (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Kijashko in Bogutskaya et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
), the species
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Didacna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Didacna crassa" order="Cardiida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="crassa">Didacna crassa</taxonomicName>
(Eichwald, 1829) [=
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. eichwaldi" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" rank="species" species="eichwaldi">D. eichwaldi</taxonomicName>
(Krynicki, 1837)] has been considered a synonym of
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. baeri" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" rank="species" species="baeri">D. baeri</taxonomicName>
. However, both species can be distinguished.
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Didacna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Didacna baeri" order="Cardiida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="baeri">Didacna baeri</taxonomicName>
has a less extended, more roundish shell, a less developed keel, and a low top with less projecting beak and in general more ribs than
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. eichwaldi" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" rank="species" species="eichwaldi">D. eichwaldi</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 3).
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Didacna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Didacna baeri" order="Cardiida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="baeri">Didacna baeri</taxonomicName>
occurred for the first time in the Novocaspian transgressive deposits whereas
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. crassa" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" rank="species" species="crassa">D. crassa</taxonomicName>
already occurred in the late Khvalynian (Late Pleistocene). Both became very common during the Novocaspian.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection type="multiple">
<caption pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
Figure 3.
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Didacna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Didacna baeri" order="Cardiida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="baeri">Didacna baeri</taxonomicName>
versus
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. eichwaldi" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" rank="species" species="eichwaldi">D. eichwaldi</taxonomicName>
from Holocene (Novocaspian) deposits of Turali Lagoon (Dagestan, Russia). a RGM.961899,
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Didacna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Didacna baeri" order="Cardiida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="baeri">Didacna baeri</taxonomicName>
(Grimm, 1877) b RGM.961900,
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Didacna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Didacna eichwaldi" order="Cardiida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eichwaldi">Didacna eichwaldi</taxonomicName>
(Krynicki, 1837), same locality. Scale bar: 1 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection type="conservation">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Conservation status. Not assessed.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>