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<mods:title id="C41CEE6CE441C3151AB8F708D201EB86">A synopsis of the genus Ethmia Huebner in Costa Rica: biology, distribution, and description of 22 new species (Lepidoptera, Gelechioidea, Depressariidae, Ethmiinae), with emphasis on the 42 species known from Area de Conservacion Guanacaste</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8C24BE67E842ABD27D460BCD1B0BA2D1">Phillips-Rodriguez, Eugenie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7EFE4BF29C9BBA1B8CBE8714062A95D4">Powell, Jerry A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="89EFCACD75B185FB47D6974D267DE438">Hallwachs, Winnie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="91EAA4E798FD023D9FBC853FC21F4E9F">Janzen, Daniel H.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="F5B2116E2D6B09F24BBA61169FDFD391" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192935950" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F5B2116E2D6B09F24BBA61169FDFD391" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F5B2116E2D6B09F24BBA61169FDFD391" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" scope_family="Depressariidae" scope_order="Lepidoptera" scope_subFamily="Ethmiinae" scope_superFamily="Gelechioidea">
<subSubSection id="AC25F21DC9D14C69A8962F9B4F24306F" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="D3BF77593F578F386BADB651D7CB22E9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Taxon classification Animalia Lepidoptera Depressariidae</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1A513F782EB5BCE5ACD369711029693E" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="BA67C19064C22730C190C5FEA8A375BA" ID-CoL="3BLCZ" authority="Busck" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Ethmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ethmia bittenella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bittenella">Ethmia bittenella (Busck)</taxonomicName>
Figures 2, 47, 92, 147
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="3AB981292257465E59A075DC67A9F1C4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8E10251CB9C3A58E6809D340ADF43F18" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="2A141B27AA26059DFEDDD51252D7BAE5" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Tamarrha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tamarrha bittenella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bittenella">Tamarrha bittenella</taxonomicName>
Busck, 1906: 730.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A39E8E5C92172FAB1111273331EC2F9C" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="33B3189C10A1B6F15C2468D30AA9D1FE" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Ethmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ethmia bittenella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bittenella">Ethmia bittenella</taxonomicName>
Meyrick, 1914: 28; 
<bibRefCitation id="9667A3402A7762912A32ED7470ED62E7" author="Powell, JA" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" title="A systematic monograph of New World Ethmiid moths." volume="120" year="1973">Powell 1973</bibRefCitation>
: 119.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1E12E8ED237985A461D2CD2FA4C6EA0B" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="E7435258C3C19F7AEBC67F284082F353" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B7101F614B454887480F15B98FA5D4E" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="612DD2AEA3E7689EF531ADB9EA8A569B" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Ethmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ethmia bittenella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bittenella">Ethmia bittenella</taxonomicName>
is most similar to 
<taxonomicName id="57ECC817B1825EA73CF80F15954153C0" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Ethmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ethmia delliella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delliella">Ethmia delliella</taxonomicName>
but can be distinguished by its smaller size, the FW pattern composed of groups of small dark dots, and the presence of a FW gray costal margin.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="E83FFB1BACF97B87BF33CC8AD4AEEAF1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
<paragraph id="C6302D26A84A0A27F763802C71177E37" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3EA478D794EFCF641CFA04CFBF8E8B90" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Male: FW length 7.8-8.3 mm (n = 4). Head: Scaling of front and crown smooth, white. Thorax: Pronotal scaling white; paired large spots, black, reflecting metallic blue, between tegulae and on scutellum. FW ground color white, markings blackish brown; a round spot on posterior half near base; gray costal margin. HW whitish basally, becoming pale brownish apically; costa dorsally with thick ochreous hair pencil from base to end of cell. Abdomen: Genitalia (Fig. 47) with uncus short, hood like; basal processes short, about 1.2 
<normalizedToken id="BE4D99C2964C09F75C907ABE1B3BE892" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
uncus length; spines of anterior portion of gnathos large, valva large in relation to tegumen, with apical notch 0.20 
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of valva.
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Female: FW length 8.7-9.8 mm (n = 3). Head and thorax: As described for male, HW unmodified. Abdomen: Genitalia (Fig. 92) with sterigma wide surrounding ostium; ductus unsclerotized; signum as in 
<taxonomicName id="708024BC150BB90011C589FC9BAD73DD" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Ethmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ethmia delliella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delliella">Ethmia delliella</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="1BB7D2B701C567930953B224249E19AE" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">
<paragraph id="F527C385C031CE7DF4A4C2F23977D2B0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C5EEFC85D896E316E6CAFE132F53EDF3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Female: USA, Texas, Brownsville, in copula, 29 May 1904. USNM Type No. 9272 [USNM, examined].</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FB8E25070E67821420CD3B8C58EEE4DA" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Distribution and biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C8AE7755A612494DC3BE79AFF9F6B6D4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="BBFF831ABEAE8CC702F0717EA53DC5F5" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Ethmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ethmia bittenella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bittenella">Ethmia bittenella</taxonomicName>
has been collected from Texas to southern Mexico and in northwestern Costa Rica (
<bibRefCitation id="7CB84FA280B0FEB09FD381F92395B006" author="Powell, JA" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" title="A systematic monograph of New World Ethmiid moths." volume="120" year="1973">Powell 1973</bibRefCitation>
). In Costa Rica (Fig. 147) it is a common species in the dry forest of ACG, and has been found from 100 to 600 m on both slopes of the Cordillera 
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de Guanacaste, the Cordillera 
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, and 
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de Nicoya. The food plant and immature stages are unknown. However, barely legible labels on Texas specimens say 
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and 
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, which suggest that this species feeds on 
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(
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&amp; Berland.) I.M. Johnst. (
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) in Texas.
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