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<mods:title id="AAFD00D1FD08908B1F1DC5668C113308">Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F0FA1C0C7AEFA3D0F7A5698E39B2E199">Al-Handal, Adil Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C0BDB64A2AA5115504FBDB794D7D0FD7">Pennesi, Chiara</mods:namePart>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9AF12CFF972F6DFF61F6FCFD28F963" author="Cleve, P. T." box="[136,710,1744,1769]" page=")" pageId="13" pageNumber="124" year="1894">
<taxonomicName id="4C3BACBEFF972F6DFF61F6FCFD28F963" authority="(Grunow) Cleve (1894: 103)" authorityName="Cleve" authorityPageNumber="103" authorityYear="1894" baseAuthorityName="Grunow" box="[136,710,1744,1769]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Diploneidaceae" genus="Diploneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="13" pageNumber="124" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="gemmatula">
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF972F6DFF61F6FCFE91F963" bold="true" box="[136,383,1744,1769]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Diploneis gemmatula</emphasis>
(Grunow) 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFF972F6DFE12F6FCFD28F963" author="Cleve, P. T." box="[507,710,1744,1769]" pageId="13" pageNumber="124" pagination="1 - 194" refId="ref22704" refString="Cleve, P. T. (1894) Synopsis of the Naviculoid Diatoms, Part I. Kongliga Svenska-Vetenskaps Akademiens Handlingar 26: 1 - 194." type="journal article" year="1894">Cleve (1894: 103)</bibRefCitation>
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(
<figureCitation id="1300CBB8FF972F6DFD3FF6FCFCC9F963" box="[726,807,1744,1769]" captionStart="FIGURES 38–51" captionStartId="14.[136,243,1993,2014]" captionTargetBox="[213,1396,200,1968]" captionTargetId="figure-17@14.[189,1399,190,1968]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 38–51. Marine benthic diatoms in coral reefs off Basra. Fig. 38. Diploneis gemmatula, Fig. 39. Diploneis nitescens, Fig. 40. Diploneis smithii, Figs 41, 42. Diploneis weissflogii, Fig, 43. Diploneis sp., Fig. 44. Navicula arenaria, Fig. 45. Navicula cancellata, Figs 46–48. Navicula carinifera, Fig. 49. Navicula cf. cincta, Fig. 50. Navicula directa, Fig. 51. Navicula distans." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13728832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13728832/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
)
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<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF972F6DFF61F6DAFF1EF881" box="[136,240,1782,1803]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">References</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFF972F6DFF14F6DAFE90F881" author="Hustedt, F." box="[253,382,1782,1803]" pageId="13" pageNumber="124" refId="ref24799" refString="Hustedt, F. (1931 - 1959) Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Osterreichs und der Schweiz. In: Rabenhorst, L. (Ed.) Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Osterreich und der Schweiz. Band VII, Teil 2. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Leipzig, 845 pp." type="book" year="1931">Hustedt 1931</bibRefCitation>
–1959, p. 527, fig. 1038; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFF972F6DFD98F6DAFCCFF881" author="Desikachary, T. V." box="[625,801,1782,1803]" pageId="13" pageNumber="124" refId="ref22937" refString="Desikachary, T. V. (1988) Marine diatoms of the Indian Ocean region. Atlas of diatoms. Fascicle V. Madras Science Foundation, Madras, 234 pp." type="book" year="1988">Desikachary 1988</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 570, figs 1–6,8; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFF972F6DFC0FF6DAFB52F881" author="Witkowski, A. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D." box="[998,1212,1782,1803]" pageId="13" pageNumber="124" pagination="1 - 925" refId="ref27775" refString="Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom Flora of Marine Coasts Iconographia Diatomologica 7: 1 - 925." type="book chapter" year="2000">
Witkowski 
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF972F6DFBBDF6DAFB6BF881" box="[1108,1157,1782,1803]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 187, pl. 91, fig. 14.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF972F6DFF61F710FF04F8DF" box="[136,234,1852,1877]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Features</emphasis>
: Length 90–110 μm, width 30–38 μm, striae 
<quantity id="4CC37AD8FF972F6DFD00F710FCFAF8DF" box="[745,788,1852,1877]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="13" pageNumber="124" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
10 μm.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF972F6DFF54F74CFEAFF8F3" box="[189,321,1888,1913]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Description</emphasis>
: Valves linear-elliptical, slightly constricted at the center, with rounded apices. Raphe branches straight, ending centrally in simple pores. Central nodule small and transapically dilated. Axial area large, longitudinal canals linear and narrow. Transapical striae parallel at the center, radiate near the apices.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF972F6DFF54F7E0FE0BF86F" box="[189,485,1996,2021]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">Ecology and Distribution:</emphasis>
widely distributed marine species particularly in tropical and subtropical waters, less common in temperate regions. Previously reported from the Gulf (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFF972F6DFC86F7DCFB9DF783" author="Al-Kandari, M. &amp; Al-Yamani, F. &amp; Al-Rifaie, K." box="[879,1139,2032,2057]" pageId="13" pageNumber="124" refId="ref22374" refString="Al-Kandari, M., Al-Yamani, F. &amp; Al-Rifaie, K. (2009) Marine Phytoplankton Atlas of Kuwait's Waters. Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait, 354 pp." type="book" year="2009">
Al-Kandari 
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF972F6DFC1EF7DCFBDEF783" box="[1015,1072,2032,2057]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="124">et al.</emphasis>
2009
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). Frequent in 
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corals.
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