treatments-xml/data/09/74/88/0974884CB66FFFCDFF6CFF3200FDFB84.xml

<document id="2EC75FE967A56E15585E063A2A3E93D3" ID-CLB-Dataset="29001" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaXa.4460.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="84973bd6-9d66-4172-8f50-2a482edccf2a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1459506" ID-ZooBank="DB841017-698F-4D44-A633-461D350DC984" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1539326878349" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Choi, Jinyeong, Soysouvanh, Pheophanh, Lee, Seunghwan &amp; Hong, Ki-Jeong" docDate="2018" docId="0974884CB66FFFCDFF6CFF3200FDFB84" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4460.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4460 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus 1758" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="F54DF034B673FFD1FFFBFFA5024BFFD6" masterDocTitle="Review of the family Coccidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in Laos" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1729028583442" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="A755C57EA421E4F99E598C2EEE943CE1">Review of the family Coccidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in Laos</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="41FB36CF83D83DF3471B1E4D8D1B47A4">Choi, Jinyeong</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B66FFFCDFF6CFF320003FF64" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,584,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperidum">
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<emphasis id="B3A9E548B66FFFCDFF6CFF3203CFFF67" bold="true" box="[151,388,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Coccus hesperidum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB66FFFCDFE70FF3D0003FF64" box="[395,584,152,178]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref26680" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae, per Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species cum Characteribus, Differentii, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Ed X. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 823 pp." type="book">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8162395AB66FFFCDFF6CFF1F036DFF05" blockId="28.[151,584,151,211]" box="[151,294,186,211]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
(
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB66FFFCDFF64FF1F02BEFF05" box="[159,245,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1713,1735]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1169,1689]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,1169,1689]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 24. Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, 1758. A, population of females in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, antenna; D, ventral tubular ducts near mesocoxa; E, leg (Arrow indicates a tibio-tarsal articulatory sclerosis). Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C, E = 100 µm; D = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1459554" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459554/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Figs 24</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB66FFFCDFEFAFF1F0355FF05" box="[257,286,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1928,1950]" captionTargetBox="[246,1349,238,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[150,1436,195,1903]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 25. Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, 1758, adult female, from Lin et al. (2013). A, marginal setae; B, dorsal tubercle; C, stigmatic spines; D, dorsal microduct; E, dorsal seta; F, dorsal tubular duct; G, preopercular pore; H, anal plates; I, multilocular disc-pore; J, anal ring; K, ventral seta; L, leg; M, ventral tubular duct; N, ventral microduct; O, spiracular disc-pore; P, antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1459556" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459556/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">25</figureCitation>
)
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<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B66FFFCDFF6CFEA6007DFECE" authority="Linnaeus, 1758: 455" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="455" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,566,258,280]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperidum">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B66FFFCDFF6CFEA60315FECE" box="[151,350,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Coccus hesperidum</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="007C1F4BB66FFFCDFE9FFEA7007DFECE" author="" box="[356,566,258,280]" page="455" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB66FFFCDFE9FFEA70048FECE" box="[356,515,258,280]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref26680" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae, per Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species cum Characteribus, Differentii, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Ed X. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 823 pp." type="book">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
: 455
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<subSubSection id="C9C76AD1B66FFFCDFF6CFEE007D8FDC7" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8162395AB66FFFCDFF6CFEE007D8FDC7" blockId="28.[151,1436,325,1106]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B66FFFCDFF6CFEE0035AFE88" bold="true" box="[151,273,325,350]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Dorsum with setae cylindrical, pointed apically (
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB66FFFCDFCB9FEE001E3FE88" box="[834,936,325,350]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1928,1950]" captionTargetBox="[246,1349,238,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[150,1436,195,1903]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 25. Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, 1758, adult female, from Lin et al. (2013). A, marginal setae; B, dorsal tubercle; C, stigmatic spines; D, dorsal microduct; E, dorsal seta; F, dorsal tubular duct; G, preopercular pore; H, anal plates; I, multilocular disc-pore; J, anal ring; K, ventral seta; L, leg; M, ventral tubular duct; N, ventral microduct; O, spiracular disc-pore; P, antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1459556" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459556/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 25E</figureCitation>
); tubular ducts present or absent (
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB66FFFCDFAD1FEE007C4FE88" box="[1322,1423,325,350]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1928,1950]" captionTargetBox="[246,1349,238,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[150,1436,195,1903]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 25. Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, 1758, adult female, from Lin et al. (2013). A, marginal setae; B, dorsal tubercle; C, stigmatic spines; D, dorsal microduct; E, dorsal seta; F, dorsal tubular duct; G, preopercular pore; H, anal plates; I, multilocular disc-pore; J, anal ring; K, ventral seta; L, leg; M, ventral tubular duct; N, ventral microduct; O, spiracular disc-pore; P, antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1459556" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459556/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 25F</figureCitation>
); duct tubercles present (
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB66FFFCDFE60FECC0049FE54" box="[411,514,361,386]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1928,1950]" captionTargetBox="[246,1349,238,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[150,1436,195,1903]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 25. Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, 1758, adult female, from Lin et al. (2013). A, marginal setae; B, dorsal tubercle; C, stigmatic spines; D, dorsal microduct; E, dorsal seta; F, dorsal tubular duct; G, preopercular pore; H, anal plates; I, multilocular disc-pore; J, anal ring; K, ventral seta; L, leg; M, ventral tubular duct; N, ventral microduct; O, spiracular disc-pore; P, antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1459556" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459556/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 25B</figureCitation>
); and preopercular pores present anterior to anal plates (
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB66FFFCDFB81FECC06A8FE54" box="[1146,1251,361,386]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1928,1950]" captionTargetBox="[246,1349,238,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[150,1436,195,1903]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 25. Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, 1758, adult female, from Lin et al. (2013). A, marginal setae; B, dorsal tubercle; C, stigmatic spines; D, dorsal microduct; E, dorsal seta; F, dorsal tubular duct; G, preopercular pore; H, anal plates; I, multilocular disc-pore; J, anal ring; K, ventral seta; L, leg; M, ventral tubular duct; N, ventral microduct; O, spiracular disc-pore; P, antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1459556" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459556/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 25G</figureCitation>
). Marginal setae spinose, with pointed, bifid or fimbriate apices (
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB66FFFCDFD57FE28015EFE70" box="[684,789,397,422]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1928,1950]" captionTargetBox="[246,1349,238,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[150,1436,195,1903]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 25. Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, 1758, adult female, from Lin et al. (2013). A, marginal setae; B, dorsal tubercle; C, stigmatic spines; D, dorsal microduct; E, dorsal seta; F, dorsal tubular duct; G, preopercular pore; H, anal plates; I, multilocular disc-pore; J, anal ring; K, ventral seta; L, leg; M, ventral tubular duct; N, ventral microduct; O, spiracular disc-pore; P, antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1459556" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459556/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 25A</figureCitation>
). Venter with multilocular disc-pores each usually with 10 loculi (
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB66FFFCDFF12FE140302FE1C" box="[233,329,433,458]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1928,1950]" captionTargetBox="[246,1349,238,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[150,1436,195,1903]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 25. Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, 1758, adult female, from Lin et al. (2013). A, marginal setae; B, dorsal tubercle; C, stigmatic spines; D, dorsal microduct; E, dorsal seta; F, dorsal tubular duct; G, preopercular pore; H, anal plates; I, multilocular disc-pore; J, anal ring; K, ventral seta; L, leg; M, ventral tubular duct; N, ventral microduct; O, spiracular disc-pore; P, antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1459556" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459556/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
Fig. 
<date id="F5631F9AB66FFFCDFEDBFE140302FE1C" box="[288,329,433,458]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="1925-01">25I</date>
</figureCitation>
); tubular ducts each with a narrow inner ductule, some present around each pro- and mesocoxa (
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB66FFFCDFF64FE700340FE38" box="[159,267,469,494]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1713,1735]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1169,1689]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,1169,1689]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 24. Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, 1758. A, population of females in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, antenna; D, ventral tubular ducts near mesocoxa; E, leg (Arrow indicates a tibio-tarsal articulatory sclerosis). Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C, E = 100 µm; D = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1459554" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459554/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Figs 24D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB66FFFCDFEECFE70031BFE38" box="[279,336,469,494]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1928,1950]" captionTargetBox="[246,1349,238,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[150,1436,195,1903]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 25. Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, 1758, adult female, from Lin et al. (2013). A, marginal setae; B, dorsal tubercle; C, stigmatic spines; D, dorsal microduct; E, dorsal seta; F, dorsal tubular duct; G, preopercular pore; H, anal plates; I, multilocular disc-pore; J, anal ring; K, ventral seta; L, leg; M, ventral tubular duct; N, ventral microduct; O, spiracular disc-pore; P, antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1459556" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459556/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">25M</figureCitation>
); pregenital setae numbering 3 pairs; antenna 7 segmented (
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB66FFFCDFC08FE700616FE38" box="[1011,1117,469,494]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1713,1735]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1169,1689]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,1169,1689]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 24. Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, 1758. A, population of females in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, antenna; D, ventral tubular ducts near mesocoxa; E, leg (Arrow indicates a tibio-tarsal articulatory sclerosis). Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C, E = 100 µm; D = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1459554" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459554/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Figs 24C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB66FFFCDFB92FE7006D3FE38" box="[1129,1176,469,494]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1928,1950]" captionTargetBox="[246,1349,238,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[150,1436,195,1903]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 25. Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, 1758, adult female, from Lin et al. (2013). A, marginal setae; B, dorsal tubercle; C, stigmatic spines; D, dorsal microduct; E, dorsal seta; F, dorsal tubular duct; G, preopercular pore; H, anal plates; I, multilocular disc-pore; J, anal ring; K, ventral seta; L, leg; M, ventral tubular duct; N, ventral microduct; O, spiracular disc-pore; P, antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1459556" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459556/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">25P</figureCitation>
); and legs with a tibiotarsal articulatory sclerosis (
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB66FFFCDFE29FE5C0071FDC7" box="[466,570,505,530]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1713,1735]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1169,1689]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,1169,1689]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 24. Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, 1758. A, population of females in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, antenna; D, ventral tubular ducts near mesocoxa; E, leg (Arrow indicates a tibio-tarsal articulatory sclerosis). Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C, E = 100 µm; D = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1459554" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459554/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Figs 24E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB66FFFCDFDBDFE5C003FFDC4" box="[582,628,505,530]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1928,1950]" captionTargetBox="[246,1349,238,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[150,1436,195,1903]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 25. Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, 1758, adult female, from Lin et al. (2013). A, marginal setae; B, dorsal tubercle; C, stigmatic spines; D, dorsal microduct; E, dorsal seta; F, dorsal tubular duct; G, preopercular pore; H, anal plates; I, multilocular disc-pore; J, anal ring; K, ventral seta; L, leg; M, ventral tubular duct; N, ventral microduct; O, spiracular disc-pore; P, antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1459556" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459556/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">25L</figureCitation>
) (partially adopted from 
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB66FFFCDFC75FE5C067EFDC7" box="[910,1077,505,530]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref25777" refString="Hodgson, C. J. (1994) The scale insect family Coccidae: an identification manual to genera. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, 639 pp." type="book">Hodgson 1994</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB66FFFCDFBBAFE5C07CCFDC7" box="[1089,1415,505,530]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref25875" refString="Hodgson, C. J. &amp; Henderson, R. C. (2000) Coccidae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Coccoidea). Fauna of New Zealand, 41, 1 - 259." type="journal article">Hodgson &amp; Henderson 2000</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C9C76AD1B66FFFCDFF3CFDB80657FD74" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8162395AB66FFFCDFF3CFDB80657FD74" blockId="28.[151,1436,325,1106]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B66FFFCDFF3CFDB803F0FDE0" bold="true" box="[199,443,541,566]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Material examined.</emphasis>
10 ♀♀, LAOS, Phou Khao Khuay National Bio-Diversity Conservation Area, Thaphabath Dist., Bolikhamsai Prov., 
<date id="F5631F9AB66FFFCDFDB0FDE400E5FD8C" box="[587,686,577,602]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2015-05-04">4.v.2015</date>
, coll. J.Y. Choi, on 
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B66FFFCDFC6EFDE40190FD8E" box="[917,987,577,600]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Citrus</emphasis>
sp. (
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B66FFFCDFBEEFDE406C9FD8F" authorityName="" authorityYear="1789" box="[1045,1154,577,601]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="family">Rutaceae</taxonomicName>
); 3 ♀♀, Xaythany Dist., Vientiane Prov., 
<date id="F5631F9AB66FFFCDFEA9FDC003F4FDA8" box="[338,447,613,638]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2015-01-26">26.i.2015</date>
, coll. P.P. Soysouvanh, on 
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B66FFFCDFD16FDC001FAFDAB" box="[749,945,613,637]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Mangifera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B66FFFCDFD16FDC001FAFDAB" box="[749,945,613,637]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Mangifera indica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B66FFFCDFC1BFDC006C7FDAB" box="[992,1164,613,637]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
); 2 ♀♀, Pakngum Dist., Vientiane Prov., 
<date id="F5631F9AB66FFFCDFEAAFD2C03F6FD74" box="[337,445,649,674]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2016-01-13">13.i.2016</date>
, on 
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B66FFFCDFE17FD2C00E3FD77" box="[492,680,649,673]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Psidium guajava</emphasis>
L. (
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B66FFFCDFD2DFD2F011BFD74" authorityName="" authorityYear="1789" box="[726,848,650,674]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
) (same collector).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C9C76AD1B66FFFCDFF3CFD08062BFCD8" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8162395AB66FFFCDFF3CFD08062BFCD8" blockId="28.[151,1436,325,1106]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B66FFFCDFF3CFD08035AFD10" bold="true" box="[199,273,685,710]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Hosts.</emphasis>
Highly polyphagous. According to 
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB66FFFCDFD59FD0B01ABFD10" box="[674,992,685,710]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref24883" refString="Garcia Morales, M., Denno, B. D., Miller, D. R., Miller, G. L., Ben-Dov, Y. &amp; Hardy, N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 3 July 2018) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url">
García Morales 
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B66FFFCDFCAEFD0B01CEFD13" box="[853,901,685,709]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al</emphasis>
. (2016)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B66FFFCDFC17FD0B06C4FD13" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1004,1167,685,709]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperidum">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B66FFFCDFC17FD0B06C4FD13" box="[1004,1167,685,709]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C. hesperidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been recorded from plants belonging to 346 genera in 121 families. In 
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB66FFFCDFD34FD770143FD3F" box="[719,776,722,745]" name="Laos" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Laos</collectingCountry>
, it has been recorded on 
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B66FFFCDFBE4FD7706C4FD3F" box="[1055,1167,722,745]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Dracaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B66FFFCDFBE4FD7706C4FD3F" box="[1055,1167,722,745]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Dracaena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B66FFFCDFB3DFD77072EFD3C" authorityName="" authorityYear="1789" box="[1222,1381,722,746]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asparagaceae</taxonomicName>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B66FFFCDFF6CFD500053FCD8" box="[151,536,757,782]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Mangifera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B66FFFCDFF6CFD500311FCDB" box="[151,346,757,781]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Mangifera indica</emphasis>
(Anacardiaceae)
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB66FFFCDFDDCFD500151FCD8" box="[551,794,757,782]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref28309" refString="Suh, S. J. &amp; Bombay, K. (2015) Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) found on Dracaena and Ficus plants (Asparagales: Asparagaceae, Rosales: Moraceae) from southeastern Asia. Insecta Mundi, 0 448, 1 - 10." type="journal article">
Suh &amp; 
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB66FFFCDFD83FD50009CFCD8" box="[632,727,757,782]" name="India" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Bombay</collectingCountry>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB66FFFCDFCDEFD50061FFCD8" box="[805,1108,757,782]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref28268" refString="Soysouvanh, P. &amp; Hong, K. J. (2016) Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) on mango in Laos. Khon Kaen Agricultural Journal, 44 (Supplement 1), 87 - 92." type="journal article">Soysouvanh &amp; Hong 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C9C76AD1B66FFFCDFF3CFCBC0348FC30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8162395AB66FFFCDFF3CFCBC0732FC80" blockId="28.[151,1436,325,1106]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B66FFFCDFF3CFCBC032BFCE4" bold="true" box="[199,352,793,818]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Distribution.</emphasis>
All zoogeographical regions; 
<collectingRegion id="4319F7B8B66FFFCDFD39FCBC0132FCE4" box="[706,889,793,818]" country="Morocco" name="Oriental" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<collectingRegion id="4319F7B8B66FFFCDFD39FCBC0155FCE4" box="[706,798,793,818]" country="Egypt" name="Ash Sharqiyah" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Oriental</collectingRegion>
Region
</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB66FFFCDFC77FCBC0181FCE4" box="[908,970,793,818]" name="India" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">India</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB66FFFCDFC23FCBC0603FCE4" box="[984,1096,793,818]" name="Indonesia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB66FFFCDFBACFCBF06DBFCE7" box="[1111,1168,794,817]" name="Laos" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Laos</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB66FFFCDFB64FCBC0743FCE4" box="[1183,1288,793,818]" name="Malaysia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB66FFFCDFAECFCBC07D3FCE4" box="[1303,1432,793,818]" name="Philippines" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB66FFFCDFF6CFC9802A7FC80" box="[151,236,829,854]" name="Taiwan" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB66FFFCDFF0CFC980310FC80" box="[247,347,829,854]" name="Thailand" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Thailand</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB66FFFCDFE6AFC9803B9FC80" box="[401,498,829,854]" name="Vietnam" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB66FFFCDFDF3FC9800B1FC80" box="[520,762,829,854]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref28309" refString="Suh, S. J. &amp; Bombay, K. (2015) Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) found on Dracaena and Ficus plants (Asparagales: Asparagaceae, Rosales: Moraceae) from southeastern Asia. Insecta Mundi, 0 448, 1 - 10." type="journal article">
Suh &amp; 
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB66FFFCDFDA3FC9800FCFC80" box="[600,695,829,854]" name="India" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Bombay</collectingCountry>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB66FFFCDFCFEFC980679FC80" box="[773,1074,829,854]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref28268" refString="Soysouvanh, P. &amp; Hong, K. J. (2016) Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) on mango in Laos. Khon Kaen Agricultural Journal, 44 (Supplement 1), 87 - 92." type="journal article">Soysouvanh &amp; Hong 2016</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB66FFFCDFBC5FC9B0725FC80" box="[1086,1390,829,854]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref24883" refString="Garcia Morales, M., Denno, B. D., Miller, D. R., Miller, G. L., Ben-Dov, Y. &amp; Hardy, N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 3 July 2018) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url">
García Morales 
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B66FFFCDFB09FC9B0769FC83" box="[1266,1314,829,853]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8162395AB66FFFCDFF3CFCC40348FC30" blockId="28.[151,1436,325,1106]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B66FFFCDFF3CFCC40392FCAC" bold="true" box="[199,473,865,890]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Economic importance.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B66FFFCDFE1EFCC7008DFCAF" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[485,710,865,889]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperidum">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B66FFFCDFE1EFCC7008DFCAF" box="[485,710,865,889]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Coccus hesperidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is one of the most widely distributed and polyphagous scale insects (
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB66FFFCDFF0EFC20006AFC48" box="[245,545,901,926]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref29081" refString="Williams, D. J. &amp; Watson, G. W. (1990) The scale insects of the tropical South Pacific Region. Pt. 3: The soft scales (Coccidae) and other families. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, 267 pp." type="book">Williams &amp; Watson 1990</bibRefCitation>
). Economically, it is considered to be a common pest of various ornamental plants and agricultural crops, such as citrus, guava (
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B66FFFCDFD25FC0C01D0FC17" box="[734,923,937,961]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Psidium guajava</emphasis>
) and mango (
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B66FFFCDFBC2FC0C06B7FC17" box="[1081,1276,937,961]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Mangifera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B66FFFCDFBC2FC0C06B7FC17" box="[1081,1276,937,961]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Mangifera indica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB66FFFCDFAEEFC0F02B3FC30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref26135" refString="Kapranas, A., Morse, J. G., Pacheco, P., Forster, L. D. &amp; Luck, R. F. (2007) Survey of brown soft scale Coccus hesperidum L. parasitoids in southern California citrus. Biological Control, 42 (3), 288 - 299. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. biocontrol. 2007.05.012" type="journal article">
Kapranas 
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B66FFFCDFA73FC0F02E6FC33" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al</emphasis>
. 2007
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C9C76AD1B66FFFCDFF3CFC5400FDFB84" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8162395AB66FFFCDFF3CFC5400FDFB84" blockId="28.[151,1436,325,1106]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B66FFFCDFF3CFC540370FBDC" bold="true" box="[199,315,1009,1034]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B66FFFCDFEBEFC57006FFBDF" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[325,548,1009,1033]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperidum">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B66FFFCDFEBEFC57006FFBDF" box="[325,548,1009,1033]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Coccus hesperidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems to be closely related to 
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B66FFFCDFC6BFC5706CCFBDF" authority="Ben-Dov" authorityName="Ben-Dov" authorityYear="1981" box="[912,1159,1009,1033]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elatensis">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B66FFFCDFC6BFC57065DFBDF" box="[912,1046,1009,1033]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C. elatensis</emphasis>
Ben-Dov
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B66FFFCDFB6EFC570293FBF8" authority="(Green, 1908)" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gymnospori">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B66FFFCDFB6EFC570776FBDF" box="[1173,1341,1010,1033]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C. gymnospori</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB66FFFCDFAB4FC57029BFBF8" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref25467" refString="Green, E. E. (1908) Remarks on Indian scale insects (Coccidae), Part III. With a catalogue of all species hitherto recorded from the Indian continent. Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture in India, Entomology Series, 2, 15 - 46." type="journal article">Green, 1908</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B66FFFCDFEF6FBB303BFFBFB" authority="De Lotto" authorityName="De Lotto. Ben-Dov" authorityYear="1981" box="[269,500,1046,1069]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moestus">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B66FFFCDFEF6FBB303C3FBFB" box="[269,392,1046,1069]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C. moestus</emphasis>
De Lotto
</taxonomicName>
, but is easily differentiated by having 7-segmented antennae; the other three species all have 8-segmented antennae (
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB66FFFCDFE05FB9F00E2FB84" box="[510,681,1082,1106]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref23635" refString="Ben-Dov, Y. (1981) A new species of Coccus (Hemiptera: Coccidae) from mango in Israel, and a redescription of C. gymnospori (Green). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 71 (4), 649 - 654. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300010178" type="journal article">Ben-Dov 1981</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>