Review of the family Coccidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in Laos Author Choi, Jinyeong Author Soysouvanh, Pheophanh Author Lee, Seunghwan Author Hong, Ki-Jeong text Zootaxa 2018 2018-08-17 4460 1 1 62 journal article 29001 10.11646/zootaXa.4460.1.1 84973bd6-9d66-4172-8f50-2a482edccf2a 1175-5326 1459506 DB841017-698F-4D44-A633-461D350DC984 Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, 1758 ( Figs 24 , 25 ) Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, 1758 : 455 . Diagnosis. Dorsum with setae cylindrical, pointed apically ( Fig. 25E ); tubular ducts present or absent ( Fig. 25F ); duct tubercles present ( Fig. 25B ); and preopercular pores present anterior to anal plates ( Fig. 25G ). Marginal setae spinose, with pointed, bifid or fimbriate apices ( Fig. 25A ). Venter with multilocular disc-pores each usually with 10 loculi ( Fig. 25I ); tubular ducts each with a narrow inner ductule, some present around each pro- and mesocoxa ( Figs 24D , 25M ); pregenital setae numbering 3 pairs; antenna 7 segmented ( Figs 24C , 25P ); and legs with a tibiotarsal articulatory sclerosis ( Figs 24E , 25L ) (partially adopted from Hodgson 1994 ; Hodgson & Henderson 2000 ). Material examined. 10 ♀♀, LAOS, Phou Khao Khuay National Bio-Diversity Conservation Area, Thaphabath Dist., Bolikhamsai Prov., 4.v.2015 , coll. J.Y. Choi, on Citrus sp. ( Rutaceae ); 3 ♀♀, Xaythany Dist., Vientiane Prov., 26.i.2015 , coll. P.P. Soysouvanh, on Mangifera indica L. ( Anacardiaceae ); 2 ♀♀, Pakngum Dist., Vientiane Prov., 13.i.2016 , on Psidium guajava L. ( Myrtaceae ) (same collector). Hosts. Highly polyphagous. According to García Morales et al . (2016) , C. hesperidum has been recorded from plants belonging to 346 genera in 121 families. In Laos , it has been recorded on Dracaena sp. ( Asparagaceae ) and Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae) ( Suh & Bombay 2015 ; Soysouvanh & Hong 2016 ). Distribution. All zoogeographical regions; Oriental Region ( India , Indonesia , Laos , Malaysia , Philippines , Taiwan , Thailand and Vietnam ) ( Suh & Bombay 2015 ; Soysouvanh & Hong 2016 ; García Morales et al . 2016 ). Economic importance. Coccus hesperidum is one of the most widely distributed and polyphagous scale insects ( Williams & Watson 1990 ). Economically, it is considered to be a common pest of various ornamental plants and agricultural crops, such as citrus, guava ( Psidium guajava ) and mango ( Mangifera indica ) ( Kapranas et al . 2007 ). Remarks. Coccus hesperidum seems to be closely related to C. elatensis Ben-Dov , C. gymnospori ( Green, 1908 ) and C. moestus De Lotto , but is easily differentiated by having 7-segmented antennae; the other three species all have 8-segmented antennae ( Ben-Dov 1981 ).