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<document id="07BC856A7F14E8A88FB0AF43AE758D77" ID-CLB-Dataset="9097" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4859.2.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e4ccf051-2640-4d8c-9a8f-079406f9e91d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4413054" ID-ZooBank="26308557-5CC3-42E7-8045-4FAACFA7C510" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1609695670327" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Saraiva, Isabella M., Carneiro, Eduardo, Casagrande, Mirna M. &amp; Mielke, Olaf H. H." docDate="2020" docId="3C2F87BBFFC92B52FF2AC05AFF5AF9D3" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4859.2.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4859 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pheraeus guandu Saraiva, Carneiro, Mielke &amp; Casagrande 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="291" masterDocId="C016FFC3FFC82B54FFBDC344FF82FF8F" masterDocTitle="A new species of Pheraeus Godman, 1900 (Hesperiidae, Hesperiini, Moncina) restricted to Rio Doce Valley, Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="292" masterPageNumber="285" pageNumber="286" updateTime="1698851747581" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="66455A57815B2B5263CA55C42DE1D900">A new species of Pheraeus Godman, 1900 (Hesperiidae, Hesperiini, Moncina) restricted to Rio Doce Valley, Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="B2AC2B37BF3D43E890CC9800314AD8A1" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="B07840E2F545F850CA1A143D4FAD8C90">Saraiva, Isabella M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A3BA725427BD4BF13DA84446581C8E05">Carneiro, Eduardo</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="7493EED3B2C5F9FB497B1FCED79D3337" type="ORCID">0000-0002-4796-0020</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="846FE9399BAC0F70409C5EE5C5186AF3">eduardo. carneiro @ ufpr. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4796 - 0020</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="345FB3E1617C90CFA62DF94117EF5ADF" type="email">eduardo.carneiro@ufpr.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="F56BED313E6A2F6F6AF383C746C3D2AD">Casagrande, Mirna M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B0790208193A11C7C3838EB3F9E2916F" type="ORCID">0000-0002-6076-8463</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="CE9F867D68788507CDB3504EDEAC3849">mibras @ ufpr. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6076 - 8463</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F4DCB88B6B32EC0D3E0647BC066318BD" type="email">mibras@ufpr.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="0B86EA29F03886AE15421AC96A5F35A4">Mielke, Olaf H. H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3ED26627AAC46D6FA43F71573722B5AD" type="ORCID">0000-0003-3655-4606</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="94FF4862A80C4C43B3E60DF01DFAF9F3">omhesp @ ufpr. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3655 - 4606</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3FB52F76E1DD30A4B6986F85E89EE993" type="email">omhesp@ufpr.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="BDF1058376E7C5D2368E9F7DDAA91BF3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="71E24BB529CB41D5C66277CC5F33B1E4">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0E3C6BB0EC2A4260157EFCC9E521020F">2020-10-06</mods:number>
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<treatment id="3C2F87BBFFC92B52FF2AC05AFF5AF9D3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4413056" ID-GBIF-Taxon="176420623" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4413056" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3C2F87BBFFC92B52FF2AC05AFF5AF9D3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3C2F87BBFFC92B52FF2AC05AFF5AF9D3" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="291" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
<subSubSection id="FC9C6526FFC92B55FF2AC05AFC5EFCB6" box="[151,988,798,825]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B43936ADFFC92B55FF2AC05AFC5EFCB6" blockId="1.[151,988,798,861]" box="[151,988,798,825]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
<heading id="EF7181C1FFC92B55FF2AC05AFC5EFCB6" bold="true" box="[151,988,798,825]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" reason="1">
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFC92B55FF2AC05AFC5EFCB6" bold="true" box="[151,988,798,825]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
<taxonomicName id="73864D2EFFC92B55FF2AC05AFCF5FCB7" authority="Saraiva, Carneiro, Mielke &amp; Casagrande" authorityName="Saraiva, Carneiro, Mielke &amp; Casagrande" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,887,798,825]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pheraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guandu" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFC92B55FF2AC05AFEECFCB6" bold="true" box="[151,366,798,825]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Pheraeus guandu</emphasis>
Saraiva, Carneiro, Mielke &amp; Casagrande
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9DC157C4FFC92B55FCC2C05BFC5EFCB6" box="[895,988,799,825]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FC9C6526FFC92B55FF2AC007FEA3FCD2" box="[151,289,835,861]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" type="description">
<paragraph id="B43936ADFFC92B55FF2AC007FEA3FCD2" blockId="1.[151,988,798,861]" box="[151,289,835,861]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
(
<figureCitation id="2CBD2A28FFC92B55FF22C007FE9AFCD2" box="[159,280,835,861]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1–8" captionStart-1="FIGURE 9" captionStart-2="FIGURE 10" captionStart-3="FIGURE 11" captionStart-4="FIGURE 12" captionStartId-0="2.[151,264,1904,1928]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1597,1621]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,1901,1925]" captionStartId-3="5.[151,250,1259,1283]" captionStartId-4="6.[151,250,847,871]" captionTargetBox-0="[209,1388,185,1860]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1423,193,1573]" captionTargetBox-2="[162,1409,602,1859]" captionTargetBox-3="[319,1267,181,1236]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1435,181,823]" captionTargetId-0="figure-27@2.[192,1396,181,1880]" captionTargetId-1="figure-20@3.[151,1436,181,1573]" captionTargetId-2="figure-186@4.[151,1435,592,1876]" captionTargetId-3="figure-20@5.[319,1267,181,1236]" captionTargetId-4="figure-27@6.[151,1435,181,823]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionTargetPageId-4="6" captionText-0="FIGURES 1–8. Pheraeus guandu sp. nov.: male: 1—dorsal view, 2—ventral view (holotype); female: 3—dorsal view, 4— ventral view (paratype). Pheraeus argynnis (Plötz, 1884): male: 5—dorsal view, 6—ventral view. Brazil, Catas Altas, Caraça, 1-5-II-1985, 1300-1500m, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 40.755 (DZUP); female: 7—dorsal view, 8—ventral view. Brazil, Paraná, Tijucas do Sul, Rincão, 13-II-1969, 900m, Mielke &amp; Laroca leg., DZ 40.775 (DZUP)." captionText-1="FIGURE 9. Pheraeus guandu sp. nov.: A—nudum, C—labial palpus, E—brand. Pheraeus argynnis (Plötz, 1884) B—nudum, D—labial palpus, F—brand. Scale bars represents 1mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 10. Male genitalia of Pheraeus guandu sp. nov. (A-F) and Pheraeus argynnis (Plötz, 1884) (G-L). A and G—left lateral view of tegumen, saccus, uncus, gnathos, valva and aedeagus; B and H—internal view of right valva; C and I—posterior view of fultura inferior; D and J—dorsal view of uncus and gnathos; E and K—dorsal views of aedeagus; F and L—ventral view of saccus, tegumen, uncus, gnathos, valva and edeagus." captionText-3="FIGURE 11. A. Pheraeus guandu sp. nov.: ventral view of female genitalia. B. Pheraeus argynnis (Plötz, 1884): ventral view of female genitalia." captionText-4="FIGURE 12. A.Pheraeus guandu sp. nov. Geographical distribution." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4413058" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4413060" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4413062" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4413064" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4413066" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4413058/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4413060/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4413062/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4413064/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/4413066/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Figs 1– 12</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FC9C6526FFC92B55FF2AC0CEFEB5FB66" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="B43936ADFFC92B55FF2AC0CEFEB5FB66" blockId="1.[151,1437,906,1947]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFC92B55FF2AC0CEFE90FC2B" bold="true" box="[151,274,906,932]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="73864D2EFFC92B55FEAAC0CFFE59FC2A" authorityName="Saraiva, Carneiro, Mielke &amp; Casagrande" authorityYear="2020" box="[279,475,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pheraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guandu">
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFC92B55FEAAC0CFFE59FC2A" box="[279,475,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Pheraeus guandu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from all other species of the genus by the presence of six opaque white spots on the VHW. Almost every other species in the genus shares the presence of spots in the same wing spaces, however, they are never as developed as in
<taxonomicName id="73864D2EFFC92B55FDAEC097FD01FC62" authorityName="Saraiva, Carneiro, Mielke &amp; Casagrande" authorityYear="2020" box="[531,643,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pheraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guandu">
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFC92B55FDAEC097FD01FC62" box="[531,643,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">P. guandu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or present a different color pattern. Phenotypically, the closest species is
<taxonomicName id="73864D2EFFC92B55FF0EC0B3FDA7FB9E" authority="(Plotz, 1884)" baseAuthorityName="Plotz" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[179,549,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pheraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argynnis">
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFC92B55FF0EC0B3FE04FB9F" box="[179,390,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Pheraeus argynnis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D0174B5CFFC92B55FE2AC0B3FD9CFB9E" author="Plotz, C." box="[407,542,1015,1041]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" pagination="151 - 166" refId="ref3659" refString="Plotz, C. (1884) Die Hesperiinen-Gattung Apaustus Hub. und ihre Arten. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 45, 151 - 166." type="journal article" year="1884">Plötz, 1884</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, whose silver spots are placed beside black spots (in the space M
<subScript id="280234E8FFC92B55FAA9C74DFA9EFB98" attach="left" box="[1300,1308,1033,1047]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">1</subScript>
–M
<subScript id="280234E8FFC92B55FAFEC74DFAC9FB98" attach="left" box="[1347,1355,1033,1047]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">3</subScript>
) or are distinctly flattened (in R
<subScript id="280234E8FFC92B55FE1AC769FE2FFBB4" attach="left" box="[423,429,1069,1083]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">s</subScript>
–M
<subScript id="280234E8FFC92B55FE66C769FE61FBB4" attach="right" box="[475,483,1069,1083]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">1</subScript>
; M
<subScript id="280234E8FFC92B55FDB7C769FD90FBB4" attach="left" box="[522,530,1069,1083]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">3</subScript>
–CuA
<subScript id="280234E8FFC92B55FDE8C769FDDFFBB4" attach="left" box="[597,605,1069,1083]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">1</subScript>
and CuA
<subScript id="280234E8FFC92B55FD75C769FD52FBB4" attach="left" box="[712,720,1069,1083]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">1</subScript>
–CuA
<subScript id="280234E8FFC92B55FCAEC769FC99FBB4" attach="left" box="[787,795,1069,1083]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">2</subScript>
) (
<figureCitation id="2CBD2A28FFC92B55FC8EC75FFC22FBBA" box="[819,928,1050,1077]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[209,1388,185,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-27@2.[192,1396,181,1880]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Pheraeus guandu sp. nov.: male: 1—dorsal view, 2—ventral view (holotype); female: 3—dorsal view, 4— ventral view (paratype). Pheraeus argynnis (Plötz, 1884): male: 5—dorsal view, 6—ventral view. Brazil, Catas Altas, Caraça, 1-5-II-1985, 1300-1500m, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 40.755 (DZUP); female: 7—dorsal view, 8—ventral view. Brazil, Paraná, Tijucas do Sul, Rincão, 13-II-1969, 900m, Mielke &amp; Laroca leg., DZ 40.775 (DZUP)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4413058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4413058/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Figs. 5–8</figureCitation>
). Male and female genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="73864D2EFFC92B55FB44C75FFAEBFBBA" authorityName="Saraiva, Carneiro, Mielke &amp; Casagrande" authorityYear="2020" box="[1273,1385,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pheraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guandu">
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFC92B55FB44C75FFAEBFBBA" box="[1273,1385,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">P. guandu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also have diagnostic characters, though very similar to
<taxonomicName id="73864D2EFFC92B55FD67C77BFCDAFBD7" baseAuthorityName="Plotz" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[730,856,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pheraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argynnis">
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFC92B55FD67C77BFCDAFBD7" box="[730,856,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">P. argynnis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The male genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="73864D2EFFC92B55FBD8C77BFB55FBD6" authorityName="Saraiva, Carneiro, Mielke &amp; Casagrande" authorityYear="2020" box="[1125,1239,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pheraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guandu">
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFC92B55FBD8C77BFB55FBD6" box="[1125,1239,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">P. guandu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a longer and broader anterior projection of the saccus, the costa of the valva is narrower and the coecum of the aedeagus more profoundly bifid. Also, in the female, the lamella antevaginalis is wider, with less developed lateral arms. The lamella postvaginalis has a central patch of microfibrils, similarly to
<taxonomicName id="73864D2EFFC92B55FC2DC7EFFA9EFB4A" authority="odilia (Steinhauser, 1991)" authorityName="odilia (Steinhauser" authorityYear="1991" baseAuthorityName="Steinhauser" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[912,1308,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pheraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="odilia" subSpecies="odilia">
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFC92B55FC2DC7EFFBB4FB4A" box="[912,1078,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">P. odilia odilia</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D0174B5CFFC92B55FBFBC7EFFA96FB4A" author="Steinhauser, S. R." box="[1094,1300,1195,1221]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref3838" refString="Steinhauser, S. R. (1991) Taxonomic notes and descriptions of new taxa in the Neotropical Hesperiidae Part II, Heteropterinae and Hesperiinae, Vinius Group. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, 132, 1 - 79." type="journal article" year="1991">Steinhauser, 1991</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, but absent in
<taxonomicName id="73864D2EFFC92B55FF09C78BFEB2FB67" baseAuthorityName="Plotz" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[180,304,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pheraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argynnis">
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFC92B55FF09C78BFEB2FB67" box="[180,304,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">P. argynnis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FC9C6526FFC92B50FF7AC7B6FE3FFDB7" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="289" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" type="description">
<paragraph id="B43936ADFFC92B50FF7AC7B6FBA8FE43" blockId="1.[151,1437,906,1947]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,568]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="289" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFC92B55FF7AC7B6FEDBFA83" bold="true" box="[199,345,1266,1292]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Description.</emphasis>
Forewing length:
<quantity id="737E9B48FFC92B55FD97C7B6FD33FA82" box="[554,689,1266,1293]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="9.5" valueMin="7.5">7.5–9.5 mm</quantity>
in males (n=7) and
<quantity id="737E9B48FFC92B55FC2AC7B7FB88FA82" box="[919,1034,1267,1293]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" metricValueMax="8.6" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="mm" value="7.8" valueMax="8.6" valueMin="7.0">7–8.6 mm</quantity>
in females (n=12).
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFC92B55FB54C7B7FAA4FA82" box="[1257,1318,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Head</emphasis>
: predominantly covered with brown scales; yellow scales scattered from transfrontal suture to clipeolabral suture. Antenna longer than ½ costal margin of forewing, covered by brown scales except in the ventral base of each flagellomeres where the scales are brown. Nudum 13 segments (
<figureCitation id="2CBD2A28FFC92B55FD77C61BFCA6FAF6" box="[714,804,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1597,1621]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,193,1573]" captionTargetId="figure-20@3.[151,1436,181,1573]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pheraeus guandu sp. nov.: A—nudum, C—labial palpus, E—brand. Pheraeus argynnis (Plötz, 1884) B—nudum, D—labial palpus, F—brand. Scale bars represents 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4413060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4413060/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
). Labial palpus quadrate (length equal to width in dorsal view), densely covered by fine and long scales (
<figureCitation id="2CBD2A28FFC92B55FD06C6C7FC96FA12" box="[699,788,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1597,1621]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,193,1573]" captionTargetId="figure-20@3.[151,1436,181,1573]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pheraeus guandu sp. nov.: A—nudum, C—labial palpus, E—brand. Pheraeus argynnis (Plötz, 1884) B—nudum, D—labial palpus, F—brand. Scale bars represents 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4413060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4413060/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
); first segment short, rectangular; second elongate, about three times longer than first, both covered by a mixture of orange, white and black scales; third segment short, about ¾ of the length of the second, conical, directed upwards, covered by short, compact, dark brown scales.
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFC92B55FADAC68FFF47F987" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Thorax:</emphasis>
dorsal surface mostly covered by long yellowish scales, although some brownish scales also present; ventral surface covered by long brownish scales. Pro, meso and metathoracic legs yellow; midtibiae spined, spurs 0-2-2; tarsus spined. Wings predominantly brown.
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFC92B55FD33C573FD55F9DE" bold="true" box="[654,727,1591,1617]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">DFW:</emphasis>
three whitish hyaline apical spots, rounded, reduced, partially aligned in the spaces R
<subScript id="280234E8FFC92B55FE17C529FE30F9F4" attach="left" box="[426,434,1645,1659]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">3</subScript>
–R
<subScript id="280234E8FFC92B55FE6EC529FE59F9F4" attach="right" box="[467,475,1645,1659]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">4</subScript>
, R
<subScript id="280234E8FFC92B55FE42C529FD85F9F4" attach="left" box="[511,519,1645,1659]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">4</subScript>
–R
<subScript id="280234E8FFC92B55FD95C529FDB2F9F4" attach="left" box="[552,560,1645,1659]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">5</subScript>
, R
<subScript id="280234E8FFC92B55FDE8C529FDDFF9F4" attach="left" box="[597,605,1645,1659]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">5</subScript>
-M
<subScript id="280234E8FFC92B55FD3DC529FD0AF9F4" attach="left" box="[640,648,1645,1659]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">1</subScript>
; two large spots, whitish hyaline in M
<subScript id="280234E8FFC92B55FBEEC529FBD9F9F4" attach="left" box="[1107,1115,1645,1659]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">3</subScript>
-CuA
<subScript id="280234E8FFC92B55FB24C529FB23F9F4" attach="left" box="[1177,1185,1645,1659]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">1</subScript>
and CuA
<subScript id="280234E8FFC92B55FAA8C529FA9FF9F4" attach="left" box="[1301,1309,1645,1659]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">1</subScript>
–CuA
<subScript id="280234E8FFC92B55FADDC529FAEAF9F4" attach="left" box="[1376,1384,1645,1659]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">2</subScript>
, the first smaller than the second; a reduced yellowish semi hyaline spot just above 2A; and a diffuse spot of ocher scales below 2A; males with sagittate brown brand (inclined “V” shape—Fig. 9E), upper apex slightly smaller than lower apex, located between CuA
<subScript id="280234E8FFC92B55FDF2C59DFDD5F968" attach="left" box="[591,599,1753,1767]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">1</subScript>
–CuA
<subScript id="280234E8FFC92B55FD27C59DFD20F968" attach="left" box="[666,674,1753,1767]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">2</subScript>
slightly separated from hyaline spot;
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFC92B55FBECC583FB10F96E" bold="true" box="[1105,1170,1735,1761]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">VFW</emphasis>
: predominantly brown, ferruginous in costal area and apical region.
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFC92B55FD29C5AFFD58F88A" bold="true" box="[660,730,1771,1797]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">DHW</emphasis>
: brown, without spots, base of the discal cell with many fine, long, yellowish scales; males with a set of long and thin scale brushes along 2A.
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFC92B55FBF6C44BFB13F8A6" bold="true" box="[1099,1169,1807,1833]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">VHW</emphasis>
: predominantly copper brown, with a distinct brownish band along 2A; discal region with six white and opaque spots: three larger in Sc+R
<subScript id="280234E8FFC92B55FF6BC42DFF5CF8F8" attach="right" box="[214,222,1897,1911]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">1</subScript>
–R
<subScript id="280234E8FFC92B55FF43C42DFE85F8F8" attach="left" box="[254,263,1897,1911]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">S</subScript>
; M
<subScript id="280234E8FFC92B55FE8FC42DFEB8F8F8" attach="left" box="[306,314,1897,1911]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">1</subScript>
–M
<subScript id="280234E8FFC92B55FEDCC42DFEEBF8F8" attach="left" box="[353,361,1897,1911]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">3</subScript>
and CuA
<subScript id="280234E8FFC92B55FE64C42DFE63F8F8" attach="left" box="[473,481,1897,1911]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">2</subScript>
-2A and three smaller in R
<subScript id="280234E8FFC92B55FCA8C42DFC9CF8F8" attach="left" box="[789,798,1897,1911]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">S</subScript>
-M
<subScript id="280234E8FFC92B55FCFDC42DFCCAF8F8" attach="left" box="[832,840,1897,1911]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">1</subScript>
; M
<subScript id="280234E8FFC92B55FCCFC42DFCF8F8F8" attach="left" box="[882,890,1897,1911]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">3</subScript>
-CuA
<subScript id="280234E8FFC92B55FC04C42DFC43F8F8" attach="left" box="[953,961,1897,1911]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">1</subScript>
and CuA
<subScript id="280234E8FFC92B55FB8CC42DFBBBF8F8" attach="left" box="[1073,1081,1897,1911]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">1</subScript>
-CuA
<subScript id="280234E8FFC92B55FBCAC42DFBFDF8F8" attach="left" box="[1143,1151,1897,1911]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">2</subScript>
; females with additional black spots at the outer side of the silver spots in spaces M3-CuA
<subScript id="280234E8FFC92B55FC1BC4C9FC2CF814" attach="left" box="[934,942,1933,1947]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">1</subScript>
and CuA
<subScript id="280234E8FFC92B55FB9CC4C9FBABF814" attach="left" box="[1057,1065,1933,1947]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">1</subScript>
–CuA
<subScript id="280234E8FFC92B55FBD0C4C9FBF7F814" attach="left" box="[1133,1141,1933,1947]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">2</subScript>
.
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFC92B55FB3AC43FFB78F81A" box="[1159,1274,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Abdomen:</emphasis>
dorsally dark brown, ventrally gray.
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFCB2B57FE28C5E4FDB8F935" box="[405,570,1696,1722]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Male genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="2CBD2A28FFCB2B57FDF4C5E4FD1CF934" box="[585,670,1696,1723]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[162,1409,602,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-186@4.[151,1435,592,1876]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 10. Male genitalia of Pheraeus guandu sp. nov. (A-F) and Pheraeus argynnis (Plötz, 1884) (G-L). A and G—left lateral view of tegumen, saccus, uncus, gnathos, valva and aedeagus; B and H—internal view of right valva; C and I—posterior view of fultura inferior; D and J—dorsal view of uncus and gnathos; E and K—dorsal views of aedeagus; F and L—ventral view of saccus, tegumen, uncus, gnathos, valva and edeagus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4413062" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4413062/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
): tegumen convex, wider than long, ventral arm narrow, fused to the dorsal arm of the saccus forming a median triangular thickening where they connect; anterior projection of saccus long (approximately the length of uncus + tegumen) and wide (almost twice the width of aedeagus); uncus base expanded, with lateral short bristles, apex narrow, short and rounded; gnathos hook-shaped in lateral view, with a median membranous patch, sharp and sclerotized apex; valva almost rectangular, costa narrow, sacculus triangular, ampulla narrow, with long rounded bristles projected dorsad, harpe wide with truncated apex and pointed dorsal margin slightly curved towards inner part; fultura inferior V-shaped, projected dorsally around the aedeagus, apex pointed, ventral base with a pair of lateral, short, and rounded anterior projections; aedeagus 1/3 longer than the length of valva, cylindrical, coecum bifid, with short and rounded ends, opening of the ejaculatory bulb of difficult delimitation between the slightly sclerotized dorsal side of the aedeagus, distal opening slightly to the right side of the apex, surrounded by small spines, cornutus absent.
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFCC2B50FCBEC3D3FC41FF3E" box="[771,963,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">Female genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="2CBD2A28FFCC2B50FC6FC3D3FBB9FF3E" box="[978,1083,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="6.[151,250,847,871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,823]" captionTargetId="figure-27@6.[151,1435,181,823]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 12. A.Pheraeus guandu sp. nov. Geographical distribution." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4413066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4413066/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
): lamella antevaginalis convex, relatively broad, connected in the middle of the lamella postvaginalis by lateral thin arms; lamella postvaginalis quadrate, median area more sclerotized, T-shaped, with microtriches, apex with reduced central invagination, inner posterior fold well developed and rounded, antero-lateral and basal folds developed, slightly sclerotized and striated; ostium opening wide, antrum conical, long, discontinuous and with membranous area, beginning of the ductus bursae wide in relation to the lamella antevaginalis, membranous, spirally twisted, posteriorly dilated with three bands of multiple small points signa, two laterals and one medial in multiple V shape aspect, bursa copulatrix globular and laterally folded. Papilla analis rectangular, longer than wide, posterior apophyses inserted in anteroinferior portion of the papilla, with an extension equal to the height of the papilla.
</paragraph>
<caption id="E0F96625FFCA2B56FF2AC434FBD3F87B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4413058" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4413058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4413058/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" startId="2.[151,264,1904,1928]" targetBox="[209,1388,185,1860]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="B43936ADFFCA2B56FF2AC434FBD3F87B" blockId="2.[151,1437,1904,2036]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFCA2B56FF2AC434FEB5F807" bold="true" box="[151,311,1904,1928]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">FIGURES 1–8</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="73864D2EFFCA2B56FEF8C434FE7BF807" authority="Saraiva &amp; Carneiro &amp; Casagrande &amp; Mielke, 2020" authorityName="Saraiva &amp; Carneiro &amp; Casagrande &amp; Mielke" authorityYear="2020" box="[325,505,1904,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pheraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guandu" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFCA2B56FEF8C434FE7BF807" box="[325,505,1904,1928]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Pheraeus guandu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFCA2B56FDBFC434FDD6F807" bold="true" box="[514,596,1904,1928]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9DC157C4FFCA2B56FDBFC434FDD6F807" box="[514,596,1904,1928]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: male: 1—dorsal view, 2—ventral view (holotype); female: 3—dorsal view, 4— ventral view (paratype).
<taxonomicName id="73864D2EFFCA2B56FE2EC4D0FD63F823" authority="(Plotz, 1884)" baseAuthorityName="Plotz" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[403,737,1940,1964]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pheraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argynnis">
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFCA2B56FE2EC4D0FDD3F823" box="[403,593,1940,1964]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Pheraeus argynnis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D0174B5CFFCA2B56FDE2C4D0FD5BF823" author="Plotz, C." box="[607,729,1940,1964]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" pagination="151 - 166" refId="ref3659" refString="Plotz, C. (1884) Die Hesperiinen-Gattung Apaustus Hub. und ihre Arten. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 45, 151 - 166." type="journal article" year="1884">Plötz, 1884</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
: male: 5—dorsal view, 6—ventral view. Brazil, Catas Altas, Caraça, 1-5-II-1985, 1300-1500m, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 40.755 (DZUP); female: 7—dorsal view, 8—ventral view. Brazil, Paraná, Tijucas do Sul, Rincão, 13-II-1969, 900m, Mielke &amp; Laroca leg., DZ 40.775 (DZUP).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="E0F96625FFCB2B57FF2AC579FD56F9F5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4413060" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4413060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4413060/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" startId="3.[151,250,1597,1621]" targetBox="[151,1423,193,1573]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="B43936ADFFCB2B57FF2AC579FD56F9F5" blockId="3.[151,1437,1597,1658]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFCB2B57FF2AC579FE8FF9DA" bold="true" box="[151,269,1597,1621]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">FIGURE 9</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="73864D2EFFCB2B57FEA7C579FE4EF9DA" authority="Saraiva &amp; Carneiro &amp; Casagrande &amp; Mielke, 2020" authorityName="Saraiva &amp; Carneiro &amp; Casagrande &amp; Mielke" authorityYear="2020" box="[282,460,1597,1621]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pheraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guandu" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFCB2B57FEA7C579FE4EF9DA" box="[282,460,1597,1621]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Pheraeus guandu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFCB2B57FE6FC57AFDAEF9D9" bold="true" box="[466,556,1598,1622]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9DC157C4FFCB2B57FE6FC57AFDA5F9D9" box="[466,551,1598,1622]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
:
</emphasis>
A—nudum, C—labial palpus, E—brand.
<taxonomicName id="73864D2EFFCB2B57FC6BC579FA9DF9D9" authority="(Plotz, 1884)" baseAuthorityName="Plotz" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[982,1311,1597,1622]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pheraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argynnis">
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFCB2B57FC6BC579FB16F9DA" box="[982,1172,1597,1621]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Pheraeus argynnis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D0174B5CFFCB2B57FB1FC579FA9AF9D9" author="Plotz, C." box="[1186,1304,1597,1622]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" pagination="151 - 166" refId="ref3659" refString="Plotz, C. (1884) Die Hesperiinen-Gattung Apaustus Hub. und ihre Arten. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 45, 151 - 166." type="journal article" year="1884">Plötz, 1884</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
B—nudum, D—labial palpus, F—brand. Scale bars represents 1mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="B43936ADFFCC2B50FF7AC292FF5DFD9B" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,568]" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
Geographical distribution. (Fig. 13)
<materialsCitation id="04EE3CF0FFCC2B50FDE1C292FB71FE7F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3008791304" box="[604,1267,470,496]" country="Brazil" location="Espirito Santo" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFCC2B50FDE1C292FD22FE7F" box="[604,672,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<collectingCountry id="CC91763DFFCC2B50FDE1C292FD22FE7F" box="[604,672,470,496]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">Brazil</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingRegion id="7642F84FFFCC2B50FD12C292FCD0FE7F" box="[687,850,470,496]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
: Baixo Guandu, Itaguaçu and Itapina
</materialsCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="7642F84FFFCC2B50FB42C292FA1AFE7F" box="[1279,1432,470,496]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
: Ituêta.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B43936ADFFCC2B50FF7AC15AFE3FFDB7" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,568]" box="[199,445,542,568]" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFCC2B50FF7AC15AFEB2FDB7" bold="true" box="[199,304,542,568]" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">Altitude.</emphasis>
<quantity id="737E9B48FFCC2B50FE8AC15AFE3BFDB7" box="[311,441,542,568]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" unit="m" value="400.0" valueMax="600.0" valueMin="200.0">200–600 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="E0F96625FFCC2B50FF2AC429FD48F87E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4413062" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4413062" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4413062/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" startId="4.[151,250,1901,1925]" targetBox="[162,1409,602,1859]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="B43936ADFFCC2B50FF2AC429FD48F87E" blockId="4.[151,1436,1901,2033]" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFCC2B50FF2AC429FE99F80A" bold="true" box="[151,283,1901,1925]" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">FIGURE 10</emphasis>
. Male genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="73864D2EFFCC2B50FE5EC429FD15F80A" authority="Saraiva &amp; Carneiro &amp; Casagrande &amp; Mielke, 2020" authorityName="Saraiva &amp; Carneiro &amp; Casagrande &amp; Mielke" authorityYear="2020" box="[483,663,1901,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pheraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guandu" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFCC2B50FE5EC429FD15F80A" box="[483,663,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">Pheraeus guandu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFCC2B50FD1DC429FD70F80A" bold="true" box="[672,754,1901,1925]" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9DC157C4FFCC2B50FD1DC429FD70F80A" box="[672,754,1901,1925]" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(A-F) and
<taxonomicName id="73864D2EFFCC2B50FCD7C429FB3AF80A" authority="(Plotz, 1884)" baseAuthorityName="Plotz" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[874,1208,1901,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pheraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argynnis">
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFCC2B50FCD7C429FBA8F80B" box="[874,1066,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">Pheraeus argynnis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D0174B5CFFCC2B50FB84C429FB33F80A" author="Plotz, C." box="[1081,1201,1901,1925]" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" pagination="151 - 166" refId="ref3659" refString="Plotz, C. (1884) Die Hesperiinen-Gattung Apaustus Hub. und ihre Arten. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 45, 151 - 166." type="journal article" year="1884">Plötz, 1884</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(G-L). A and G—left lateral view of tegumen, saccus, uncus, gnathos, valva and aedeagus; B and H—internal view of right valva; C and I—posterior view of fultura inferior; D and J—dorsal view of uncus and gnathos; E and K—dorsal views of aedeagus; F and L—ventral view of saccus, tegumen, uncus, gnathos, valva and edeagus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="E0F96625FFCD2B51FF2AC7AFFEDEFAA7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4413064" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4413064" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4413064/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" startId="5.[151,250,1259,1283]" targetBox="[319,1267,181,1236]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="B43936ADFFCD2B51FF2AC7AFFEDEFAA7" blockId="5.[151,1436,1259,1320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFCD2B51FF2AC7AFFE9DFA8B" bold="true" box="[151,287,1259,1284]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
A.
<taxonomicName id="73864D2EFFCD2B51FEF9C7A8FE75FA8B" authority="Saraiva &amp; Carneiro &amp; Casagrande &amp; Mielke, 2020" authorityName="Saraiva &amp; Carneiro &amp; Casagrande &amp; Mielke" authorityYear="2020" box="[324,503,1260,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pheraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guandu" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFCD2B51FEF9C7A8FE75FA8B" box="[324,503,1260,1284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Pheraeus guandu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9DC157C4FFCD2B51FE40C7A8FDD2FA8C" box="[509,592,1260,1283]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
: ventral view of female genitalia. B.
<taxonomicName id="73864D2EFFCD2B51FC7AC7A8FA97FA8B" authority="(Plotz, 1884)" baseAuthorityName="Plotz" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[967,1301,1260,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pheraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argynnis">
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFCD2B51FC7AC7A8FB07FA8C" box="[967,1157,1260,1284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Pheraeus argynnis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D0174B5CFFCD2B51FB2EC7A8FA8EFA8B" author="Plotz, C." box="[1171,1292,1260,1284]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" pagination="151 - 166" refId="ref3659" refString="Plotz, C. (1884) Die Hesperiinen-Gattung Apaustus Hub. und ihre Arten. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 45, 151 - 166." type="journal article" year="1884">Plötz, 1884</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
: ventral view of female genitalia.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="FC9C6526FFCD2B51FF7AC63EFD8EF8CB" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="B43936ADFFCD2B51FF7AC63EFEF6FA53" blockId="5.[151,1437,1402,1933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFCD2B51FF7AC63EFEF7FA1B" bold="true" box="[199,373,1402,1428]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Type material.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="6B3D880FFFCD2B51FEC1C63EFE66FA1B" box="[380,484,1402,1428]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male with the following labels: /
<materialsCitation id="04EE3CF0FFCD2B51FCE5C63EFD81FA37" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3008791301" collectingDate="1970-06-02" collectionCode="T" collectorName="I.C. de Campos &amp; Elias" country="Brazil" location="Baixo Guandu" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Espirito Santo" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="6B3D880FFFCD2B51FCE5C63EFC7FFA1B" box="[856,1021,1402,1428]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" type="holotype">HOLOTYPUS</typeStatus>
/
<collectingCountry id="CC91763DFFCD2B51FBB0C63EFBD1FA1B" box="[1037,1107,1402,1428]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Brasil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="7642F84FFFCD2B51FBE3C63EFA83FA1B" box="[1118,1281,1402,1428]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="B1596076FFCD2B51FAB1C63EFF34FA37" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3C2F87BBFFC92B52FF2AC05AFF5AF9D3:B1596076FFCD2B51FAB1C63EFF34FA37" country="Brazil" name="Baixo Guandu" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">Baixo Guandú</location>
,
<date id="C038106DFFCD2B51FF7EC6DAFEB9FA37" box="[195,315,1438,1464]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1970-06-02">
<collectingDate id="D07CE985FFCD2B51FF7EC6DAFEB9FA37" box="[195,315,1438,1464]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1970-06-02">2-VI-1970</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="1973537BFFCD2B51FEF4C6DAFEF8FA37" box="[329,378,1438,1464]" name="I.C. de Campos" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">C.C.</collectorName>
<collectionCode id="D297AE68FFCD2B51FEC7C6DAFE0CFA37" box="[378,398,1438,1464]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="1973537BFFCD2B51FE27C6DAFE50FA37" box="[410,466,1438,1464]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Elias</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
/
<materialsCitation id="04EE3CF0FFCD2B51FDA8C6DAFEF2FA53" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3008791305" collectionCode="DZUP" country="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Espirito Santo" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="6B3D880FFFCD2B51FDA8C6DAFDFFFA37" box="[533,637,1438,1464]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="73864D2EFFCD2B51FD38C6DAFAA0FA37" authority="Saraiva, Carneiro, Casagrande &amp; Mielke" authorityName="Saraiva, Carneiro, Casagrande &amp; Mielke" box="[645,1314,1438,1464]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pheraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guandu">
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFCD2B51FD38C6DAFCCEFA37" box="[645,844,1438,1464]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Pheraeus guandu</emphasis>
Saraiva, Carneiro, Casagrande &amp; Mielke
</taxonomicName>
det. 2019/ DZ 37.459/.
<collectionCode id="D297AE68FFCD2B51FE9BC686FEF2FA53" box="[294,368,1474,1500]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" type="University or college">DZUP</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B43936ADFFCD2B51FF7AC6A2FF67F9C7" blockId="5.[151,1437,1402,1933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">
<typeStatus id="6B3D880FFFCD2B51FF7AC6A2FEABF98F" box="[199,297,1510,1536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" type="allotype">Allotype</typeStatus>
female with the following labels: /
<materialsCitation id="04EE3CF0FFCD2B51FD0BC6A2FED4F9AB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3008791306" collectingDate="1970-10-10" collectionCode="T" collectorName="I.C. de Campos &amp; Elias" country="Brazil" location="Baixo Guandu" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Espirito Santo" typeStatus="allotype">
<typeStatus id="6B3D880FFFCD2B51FD0BC6A2FCDAF98F" box="[694,856,1510,1536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" type="allotype">ALLOTYPUS</typeStatus>
/
<collectingCountry id="CC91763DFFCD2B51FCD5C6A2FC2CF98F" box="[872,942,1510,1536]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Brasil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="7642F84FFFCD2B51FC07C6A2FBDFF98F" box="[954,1117,1510,1536]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="B1596076FFCD2B51FBD5C6A2FA8DF98F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3C2F87BBFFC92B52FF2AC05AFF5AF9D3:B1596076FFCD2B51FBD5C6A2FA8DF98F" box="[1128,1295,1510,1536]" country="Brazil" name="Baixo Guandu" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">Baixo Guandu</location>
,
<date id="C038106DFFCD2B51FAA7C6A2FA1AF98F" box="[1306,1432,1510,1536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1970-10-10">
<collectingDate id="D07CE985FFCD2B51FAA7C6A2FA1AF98F" box="[1306,1432,1510,1536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1970-10-10">10-X-1970</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="1973537BFFCD2B51FF2AC54EFF4BF9AB" box="[151,201,1546,1572]" name="I.C. de Campos" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">C.C.</collectorName>
<collectionCode id="D297AE68FFCD2B51FF74C54EFF5FF9AB" box="[201,221,1546,1572]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="1973537BFFCD2B51FF56C54EFEA1F9AB" box="[235,291,1546,1572]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Elias</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
/
<materialsCitation id="04EE3CF0FFCD2B51FEDAC54EFF63F9C7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3008791307" collectionCode="DZUP" country="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Espirito Santo" typeStatus="allotype">
<typeStatus id="6B3D880FFFCD2B51FEDAC54EFE57F9AB" box="[359,469,1546,1572]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" type="allotype">Allotypus</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="73864D2EFFCD2B51FE5DC54EFB0AF9AB" authority="Saraiva, Carneiro, Casagrande &amp; Mielke" authorityName="Saraiva, Carneiro, Casagrande &amp; Mielke" box="[480,1160,1546,1572]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pheraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guandu">
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFCD2B51FE5DC54EFD2AF9AB" box="[480,680,1546,1572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Pheraeus guandu</emphasis>
Saraiva, Carneiro, Casagrande &amp; Mielke
</taxonomicName>
det. 2019/ DZ 37.569/.
<collectionCode id="D297AE68FFCD2B51FF2AC56AFF63F9C7" box="[151,225,1582,1608]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" type="University or college">DZUP</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B43936ADFFCD2B51FF7AC516FD8EF8CB" blockId="5.[151,1437,1402,1933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">
<materialsCitation id="04EE3CF0FFCD2B51FF7AC516FC62F93B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3008791308" collectingDate="1970-04-10" collectingDateMax="1971-11-28" collectingDateMin="1970-04-10" collectionCode="T" collectorName="I.C. de Campos" country="Brazil" location="Baixo Guandu" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Espirito Santo" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="6B3D880FFFCD2B51FF7AC516FEBAF9E3" box="[199,312,1618,1644]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFCD2B51FEF8C516FE0BF9E3" box="[325,393,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">
<collectingCountry id="CC91763DFFCD2B51FEF8C516FE0BF9E3" box="[325,393,1618,1644]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Brazil</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFCD2B51FE20C515FDC9F9E3" bold="true" box="[413,587,1617,1644]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">
<collectingRegion id="7642F84FFFCD2B51FE20C515FDC9F9E3" box="[413,587,1617,1644]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
,
<location id="B1596076FFCD2B51FDE1C516FC86F9E3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3C2F87BBFFC92B52FF2AC05AFF5AF9D3:B1596076FFCD2B51FDE1C516FC86F9E3" box="[604,772,1618,1644]" country="Brazil" name="Baixo Guandu" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">Baixo Guandu</location>
,
<date id="C038106DFFCD2B51FCAFC516FC14F9E3" box="[786,918,1618,1644]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1970-04-10">
<collectingDate id="D07CE985FFCD2B51FCAFC516FC14F9E3" box="[786,918,1618,1644]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1970-04-10">10-IV-1970</collectingDate>
</date>
, 1 male- em todos;
<date id="C038106DFFCD2B51FBC2C516FB6EF9E3" box="[1151,1260,1618,1644]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1970-05-04">
<collectingDate id="D07CE985FFCD2B51FBC2C516FB6EF9E3" box="[1151,1260,1618,1644]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1970-05-04">4-V-1970</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCount id="A280FD24FFCD2B51FB47C516FADFF9E3" box="[1274,1373,1618,1644]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" type="female">2 female</specimenCount>
- em todos;
<date id="C038106DFFCD2B51FF58C532FEF7F91F" box="[229,373,1654,1680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1970-07-20">
<collectingDate id="D07CE985FFCD2B51FF58C532FEF7F91F" box="[229,373,1654,1680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1970-07-20">20-VII-1970</collectingDate>
</date>
, 1 m;
<date id="C038106DFFCD2B51FE7DC532FDD2F91F" box="[448,592,1654,1680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1970-07-20">
<collectingDate id="D07CE985FFCD2B51FE7DC532FDD2F91F" box="[448,592,1654,1680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1970-07-20">20-VII-1970</collectingDate>
</date>
, 1 f;
<date id="C038106DFFCD2B51FD32C532FC8FF91F" box="[655,781,1654,1680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1970-10-10">
<collectingDate id="D07CE985FFCD2B51FD32C532FC8FF91F" box="[655,781,1654,1680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1970-10-10">10-X-1970</collectingDate>
</date>
, 2 m;
<date id="C038106DFFCD2B51FCE5C532FC5EF91F" box="[856,988,1654,1680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1971-04-10">
<collectingDate id="D07CE985FFCD2B51FCE5C532FC5EF91F" box="[856,988,1654,1680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1971-04-10">10-IV-1971</collectingDate>
</date>
, 1 f;
<date id="C038106DFFCD2B51FBA6C532FB21F91F" box="[1051,1187,1654,1680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1971-06-18">
<collectingDate id="D07CE985FFCD2B51FBA6C532FB21F91F" box="[1051,1187,1654,1680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1971-06-18">18-VI-1971</collectingDate>
</date>
, 1 m;
<date id="C038106DFFCD2B51FB53C532FAE4F91E" box="[1262,1382,1654,1681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1971-09-05">
<collectingDate id="D07CE985FFCD2B51FB53C532FAE4F91E" box="[1262,1382,1654,1681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1971-09-05">5-IX-1971</collectingDate>
</date>
, 1 f;
<date id="C038106DFFCD2B51FF2AC5DEFE91F93B" box="[151,275,1690,1716]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1971-10-11">
<collectingDate id="D07CE985FFCD2B51FF2AC5DEFE91F93B" box="[151,275,1690,1716]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1971-10-11">11-X-1971</collectingDate>
</date>
, 1 m;
<date id="C038106DFFCD2B51FEE6C5DEFE5AF93B" box="[347,472,1690,1716]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1971-10-11">
<collectingDate id="D07CE985FFCD2B51FEE6C5DEFE5AF93B" box="[347,472,1690,1716]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1971-10-11">11-X-1971</collectingDate>
</date>
, 1 m;
<date id="C038106DFFCD2B51FD9DC5DEFD1FF93B" box="[544,669,1690,1716]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1971-10-17">
<collectingDate id="D07CE985FFCD2B51FD9DC5DEFD1FF93B" box="[544,669,1690,1716]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1971-10-17">17-X-1971</collectingDate>
</date>
, 1 f;
<date id="C038106DFFCD2B51FD64C5DEFCDDF93B" box="[729,863,1690,1716]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1971-11-28">
<collectingDate id="D07CE985FFCD2B51FD64C5DEFCDDF93B" box="[729,863,1690,1716]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1971-11-28">28-XI-1971</collectingDate>
</date>
, 1 f;
<collectorName id="1973537BFFCD2B51FC26C5DEFC4FF93B" box="[923,973,1690,1716]" name="I.C. de Campos" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">C.C.</collectorName>
<collectionCode id="D297AE68FFCD2B51FC71C5DEFC62F93B" box="[972,992,1690,1716]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">T</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<collectorName id="1973537BFFCD2B51FC51C5DEFBA6F93B" box="[1004,1060,1690,1716]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Elias</collectorName>
leg., DZ 37.559, DZ 37.549, DZ 37.509, DZ 37.469, DZ 37.519, DZ 37.529, DZ 40.805, DZ 37.619, DZ 37.539, DZ 37.579, DZ 37.479, DZ 37.489, DZ 40.815, DZ 37.559;
<collectionCode id="D297AE68FFCD2B51FE11C5A6FE74F973" box="[428,502,1762,1788]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" type="University or college">DZUP</collectionCode>
.
<materialsCitation id="04EE3CF0FFCD2B51FDBCC5A5FAE8F973" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3008791309" box="[513,1386,1761,1789]" collectingDate="1970-03-18" collectionCode="DZUP" collectorName="C. Elias" country="Brazil" location="Itaguacu" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Espirito Santo" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFCD2B51FDBCC5A5FD2CF973" bold="true" box="[513,686,1761,1788]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">
<collectingRegion id="7642F84FFFCD2B51FDBCC5A5FD2CF973" box="[513,686,1761,1788]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
,
<location id="B1596076FFCD2B51FD03C5A6FCA3F973" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3C2F87BBFFC92B52FF2AC05AFF5AF9D3:B1596076FFCD2B51FD03C5A6FCA3F973" box="[702,801,1762,1788]" country="Brazil" name="Itaguacu" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">Itaguaçu</location>
,
<date id="C038106DFFCD2B51FC90C5A6FC30F973" box="[813,946,1762,1788]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1970-03-18">
<collectingDate id="D07CE985FFCD2B51FC90C5A6FC30F973" box="[813,946,1762,1788]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1970-03-18">18-III-1970</collectingDate>
</date>
, 1 m,
<collectorName id="1973537BFFCD2B51FC46C5A6FBD7F973" box="[1019,1109,1762,1788]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">C. Elias</collectorName>
leg., DZ 37.589;
<collectionCode id="D297AE68FFCD2B51FA9DC5A6FAE8F973" box="[1312,1386,1762,1788]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" type="University or college">DZUP</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="04EE3CF0FFCD2B51FAC8C5A6FC68F8AF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3008791302" collectingDate="1967-12-18" collectionCode="DZUP" collectorName="Tadeu Elias" country="Brazil" location="Itapina" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Espirito Santo" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFCD2B51FAC8C5A6FEA7F8AF" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">
<collectingRegion id="7642F84FFFCD2B51FAC8C5A6FEA7F8AF" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
,
<location id="B1596076FFCD2B51FE89C442FE07F8AF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3C2F87BBFFC92B52FF2AC05AFF5AF9D3:B1596076FFCD2B51FE89C442FE07F8AF" box="[308,389,1798,1824]" country="Brazil" name="Itapina" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">Itapina</location>
,
<date id="C038106DFFCD2B51FE32C442FD9DF8AF" box="[399,543,1798,1824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1967-12-18">
<collectingDate id="D07CE985FFCD2B51FE32C442FD9DF8AF" box="[399,543,1798,1824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1967-12-18">18-XII-1967</collectingDate>
</date>
, 1 f,
<collectorName id="1973537BFFCD2B51FDEAC442FD58F8AF" box="[599,730,1798,1824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Tadeu Elias</collectorName>
leg., DZ 37.609;
<collectionCode id="D297AE68FFCD2B51FC1DC442FC68F8AF" box="[928,1002,1798,1824]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" type="University or college">DZUP</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="04EE3CF0FFCD2B51FC49C442FD8AF8CB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3008791303" collectingDate="1970-05-24" collectionCode="DZUP" collectorName="C. Elias" country="Brazil" location="Itueta" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFCD2B51FC49C442FB1EF8AF" bold="true" box="[1012,1180,1798,1824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">
<collectingRegion id="7642F84FFFCD2B51FC49C442FB15F8AF" box="[1012,1175,1798,1824]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
,
</emphasis>
<location id="B1596076FFCD2B51FB1EC442FB64F8AF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3C2F87BBFFC92B52FF2AC05AFF5AF9D3:B1596076FFCD2B51FB1EC442FB64F8AF" box="[1187,1254,1798,1824]" country="Brazil" name="Itueta" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Ituêta</location>
,
<date id="C038106DFFCD2B51FB4CC442FAEEF8AF" box="[1265,1388,1798,1824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1970-05-24">
<collectingDate id="D07CE985FFCD2B51FB4CC442FAEEF8AF" box="[1265,1388,1798,1824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1970-05-24">24-V-1970</collectingDate>
</date>
, 1 f,
<collectorName id="1973537BFFCD2B51FF2AC46EFF72F8CB" box="[151,240,1834,1860]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">C. Elias</collectorName>
leg../ DZ 37.499;
<collectionCode id="D297AE68FFCD2B51FE03C46EFD8AF8CB" box="[446,520,1834,1860]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" type="University or college">DZUP</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FC9C6526FFCD2B51FF7AC40AFD5CF802" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="B43936ADFFCD2B51FF7AC40AFD5CF802" blockId="5.[151,1437,1402,1933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFCD2B51FF7AC40AFECCF8E7" bold="true" box="[199,334,1870,1896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Etymology.</emphasis>
The name refers to the holotype’s toponym, which derives from a very common plant “guandu” at this locality:
<taxonomicName id="73864D2EFFCD2B51FE94C436FE4EF803" box="[297,460,1906,1932]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Cajanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cajan">
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFCD2B51FE94C436FE4EF803" box="[297,460,1906,1932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Cajanus cajan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Millsp. (
<taxonomicName id="73864D2EFFCD2B51FDD9C436FD51F802" box="[612,723,1906,1933]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="E0F96625FFCE2B52FF2AC00BFCD7FCE7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4413066" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4413066" box="[151,853,847,872]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4413066/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="291" startId="6.[151,250,847,871]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,823]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="B43936ADFFCE2B52FF2AC00BFCD7FCE7" blockId="6.[151,853,847,872]" box="[151,853,847,872]" pageId="6" pageNumber="291">
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFCE2B52FF2AC00BFEB5FCE8" bold="true" box="[151,311,847,871]" pageId="6" pageNumber="291">FIGURE 12. A</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="73864D2EFFCE2B52FE80C014FE6DFCE7" authority="Saraiva &amp; Carneiro &amp; Casagrande &amp; Mielke, 2020" authorityName="Saraiva &amp; Carneiro &amp; Casagrande &amp; Mielke" authorityYear="2020" box="[317,495,848,872]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pheraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guandu" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFCE2B52FE80C014FE6DFCE7" box="[317,495,848,872]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="291">Pheraeus guandu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9DC157C4FFCE2B52FE4BC014FDC6FCE8" box="[502,580,848,871]" pageId="6" pageNumber="291" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Geographical distribution.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="FC9C6526FFCE2B52FF7AC0FDFF5AF9D3" pageId="6" pageNumber="291" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="B43936ADFFCE2B52FF7AC0FDFE43FB23" blockId="6.[151,1437,953,1628]" pageId="6" pageNumber="291">
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFCE2B52FF7AC0FDFECEFC5C" bold="true" box="[199,332,953,979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="291">Discussion.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="73864D2EFFCE2B52FEEEC0FEFD95FC5B" authority="Saraiva &amp; Carneiro &amp; Casagrande &amp; Mielke, 2020" authorityName="Saraiva &amp; Carneiro &amp; Casagrande &amp; Mielke" authorityYear="2020" box="[339,535,954,980]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pheraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guandu" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFCE2B52FEEEC0FEFD95FC5B" box="[339,535,954,980]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="291">Pheraeus guandu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFCE2B52FDA3C0FEFDF5FC5B" bold="true" box="[542,631,954,980]" pageId="6" pageNumber="291">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9DC157C4FFCE2B52FDA3C0FEFDF5FC5B" box="[542,631,954,980]" pageId="6" pageNumber="291" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
was recognized at first sight as a new species, based on the very distinct white spots on the ventral hindwings. Thereafter, both male and female genitalia dissections confirmed this new identity. These VHW spots are frequently used as one of the easiest diagnostic characters to differentiate the species in the genus, although some intraspecific variation can be found in their shape and size, as in
<taxonomicName id="73864D2EFFCE2B52FB57C762FEF1FBEB" authority="odilia (Plotz, 1884)" authorityName="odilia (Plotz" authorityYear="1884" baseAuthorityName="Plotz" baseAuthorityYear="1884" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pheraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="odilia" subSpecies="odilia">
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFCE2B52FB57C762FF5AFBEB" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="291">Pheraeus odilia odilia</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D0174B5CFFCE2B52FF5AC70EFEE9FBEB" author="Plotz, C." box="[231,363,1098,1124]" pageId="6" pageNumber="291" pagination="151 - 166" refId="ref3659" refString="Plotz, C. (1884) Die Hesperiinen-Gattung Apaustus Hub. und ihre Arten. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 45, 151 - 166." type="journal article" year="1884">Plötz, 1884</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. The genitalia of both sexes present several informative taxonomic and phylogenetic characters, despite the fact that the female genitalia have been neglected, not only in
<taxonomicName id="73864D2EFFCE2B52FC58C72AFBCDFB07" authorityName="Godman" authorityYear="1900" box="[997,1103,1134,1160]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pheraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFCE2B52FC58C72AFBCDFB07" box="[997,1103,1134,1160]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="291">Pheraeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but also in many taxonomic studies of the
<taxonomicName id="73864D2EFFCE2B52FE89C7D6FE3FFB23" baseAuthorityName="Godman" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[308,445,1170,1196]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hesperiidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B43936ADFFCE2B52FF7AC7F2FDA6FA0B" blockId="6.[151,1437,953,1628]" pageId="6" pageNumber="291">
So far,
<taxonomicName id="73864D2EFFCE2B52FEABC7F2FE58FB5F" authority="Saraiva &amp; Carneiro &amp; Casagrande &amp; Mielke, 2020" authorityName="Saraiva &amp; Carneiro &amp; Casagrande &amp; Mielke" authorityYear="2020" box="[278,474,1206,1232]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pheraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guandu" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFCE2B52FEABC7F2FE58FB5F" box="[278,474,1206,1232]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="291">Pheraeus guandu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFCE2B52FE5DC7F2FDBAFB5F" bold="true" box="[480,568,1206,1232]" pageId="6" pageNumber="291">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9DC157C4FFCE2B52FE5DC7F2FDBAFB5F" box="[480,568,1206,1232]" pageId="6" pageNumber="291" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is known from a restricted region crossed by the Rio Doce, close to the border separating the states of
<collectingRegion id="7642F84FFFCE2B52FE1DC79EFDB4FB7B" box="[416,566,1242,1268]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="6" pageNumber="291">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="7642F84FFFCE2B52FDD3C79EFC93FB7B" box="[622,785,1242,1268]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="6" pageNumber="291">Espirito Santo</collectingRegion>
. Other municipalities relatively close to Baixo Guandú (&lt;
<quantity id="737E9B48FFCE2B52FF2AC7BAFF6BFA96" box="[151,233,1278,1305]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="291" unit="km" value="150.0">150km</quantity>
), such as Linhares and Santa Teresa, were also intensively sampled during a few years but this species was never recorded in these sites (e.g. Brown Jr. &amp; Freitas 2000). The Rio Doce Valley has been extensively transformed in recent decades by agriculture, livestock, and the construction of hydroelectric and tailing dams, thus suppressing most of the local natural landscape.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B43936ADFFCE2B52FF7AC6CAFF5AF9D3" blockId="6.[151,1437,953,1628]" pageId="6" pageNumber="291">
Recently, two major dam collapses also contributed to natural habitat suppression in
<collectingRegion id="7642F84FFFCE2B52FBD1C6CAFA81FA27" box="[1132,1283,1422,1448]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="6" pageNumber="291">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
, one of which directly associated with Rio Doce and its gallery forests (FONSECA
<emphasis id="86F2EABFFFCE2B52FC1DC6F7FC50FA43" box="[928,978,1458,1484]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="291">et al</emphasis>
. 2017). However, because no significant sampling effort has been under taken in the region since the 1970s, it is not possible yet to determine whether the species was directly affected by any of these recent habitat changes. Therefore, we here suggest the urgency of conducting new samplings in the region searching for recent records of this species in both protected and unprotected areas.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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