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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.571.7356" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8fb984bb-4c08-4b44-af26-1a2cb483766f" ID-PMC="PMC4829804" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-571-113" ID-PubMed="27110161" ID-ZBK="5A20C9B6EB9546889792C33000269650" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-571-113" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 571" ModsDocTitle="A stunning new species of Jamides Hübner, 1819 (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae), with notes on sympatric congeners from the Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea" checkinTime="1457426330075" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Mueller, Chris J." docDate="2016" docId="3CAC6206CD7135B075567A0312E0AA8B" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 571: 113-131" docOrigin="ZooKeys 571" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.571.7356" docTitle="Jamides vasilia Mueller, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="2FF4EC45-5602-4583-BF61-424613106C50" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="116" masterDocId="3540C176FFB2FFDFA752FFA6FFF8FFB7" masterDocTitle="A stunning new species of Jamides Huebner, 1819 (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae), with notes on sympatric congeners from the Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea" masterLastPageNumber="131" masterPageNumber="113" pageNumber="114" updateTime="1668162789108" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>A stunning new species of Jamides Huebner, 1819 (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae), with notes on sympatric congeners from the Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Mueller, Chris J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>571</mods:number>
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<mods:start>113</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.571.7356</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.571.7356</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127887476" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2FF4EC45-5602-4583-BF61-424613106C50" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3CAC6206CD7135B075567A0312E0AA8B" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="114" type="multiple">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="114">Taxon classification Animalia Lepidoptera Lycaenidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="114" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/2FF4EC45-5602-4583-BF61-424613106C50" authority="Mueller" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides vasilia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vasilia">
Jamides vasilia
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="114">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 1-9, 46, 53
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="114" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="114">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="114">
Holotype ♂ (Figs 1-3): Papua New Guinea, Whiteman Range, West New Britain Province, 1050m,
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-5.9833336">5°59'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="150.58333">150°35'E</geoCoordinate>
, 19 Nov, 2013, Chris J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
, genitalia dissected and held in vial pinned to specimen (AM), Registration: AM K.465325. Paratypes (3 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀): 1 ♂ labelled as holotype but dated 10 Nov, 2014 (NHM); 1 ♂ labelled as holotype but dated 26 Nov, 2014 (CJMC); 1 ♂ labelled as holotype but dated 22 Nov, 2014, Chris J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
(CJMC); 1 ♀ labelled as holotype but dated 10 Nov, 2014 (AM), Registration: AM K.465326.; 1 ♀ labelled as holotype but dated 13 Nov, 2014 (NHM); 1 ♀ labelled as holotype but dated 07 Dec, 2014 (CJMC); 1 ♀ labelled as holotype but dated 19 Apr, 2013 (CJMC); 1 ♀ labelled as holotype but dated 07 Nov, 2014 (NARI).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="1" pageNumber="114">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="114">
Figures 1-15.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Jamides</taxonomicName>
adults (left side upperside and right side underside, where halved) and label data. 1
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides vasilia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vasilia">Jamides vasilia</taxonomicName>
holotype ♂ upperside 2
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides vasilia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vasilia">Jamides vasilia</taxonomicName>
holotype ♂ underside 3
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides vasilia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vasilia">Jamides vasilia</taxonomicName>
holotype ♂ label data 4
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides vasilia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vasilia">Jamides vasilia</taxonomicName>
paratype ♂ (halved) 5
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides vasilia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vasilia">Jamides vasilia</taxonomicName>
paratype ♂ (halved) (note rubbed hindwing) 6
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides vasilia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vasilia">Jamides vasilia</taxonomicName>
paratype ♀ (halved) (note rubbed forewing) 7
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides vasilia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vasilia">Jamides vasilia</taxonomicName>
paratype ♀ upperside 8
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides vasilia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vasilia">Jamides vasilia</taxonomicName>
paratype ♀ underside 9
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides vasilia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vasilia">Jamides vasilia</taxonomicName>
paratype ♀ (halved) 10
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides pseudosias" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudosias">Jamides pseudosias</taxonomicName>
holotype ♂ upperside 11
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides pseudosias" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudosias">Jamides pseudosias</taxonomicName>
holotype ♂ underside 12
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides pseudosias" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudosias">Jamides pseudosias</taxonomicName>
holotype ♂ label data 13
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides pseudosias" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudosias">Jamides pseudosias</taxonomicName>
♂ (halved) (New Ireland) 14
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides pseudosias" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudosias">Jamides pseudosias</taxonomicName>
♀ (halved) (New Ireland) 15
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides pseudosias" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudosias">Jamides pseudosias</taxonomicName>
♀ (halved) (New Britain). Scale bar = 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="114" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="114">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="114">
Both sexes of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides vasilia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vasilia">Jamides vasilia</taxonomicName>
are highly distinctive and cannot be confused with any other known species. The uppersides of both sexes are brighter and more reflective than those of other species in the genus, the ground colour of the male in particular rivalling
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Morpho" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Morpho" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Morpho</taxonomicName>
butterflies in intensity and radiance. The male of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides vasilia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vasilia">Jamides vasilia</taxonomicName>
is unusual from a structural perspective, having long antenna (versus forewing length) that extend well beyond the cell and reach the postmedian area. The antenna/forewing length ratio is ~0.6, whereas in all other known
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Jamides</taxonomicName>
species the antenna of the male is approximately half the length of the forewing. The shape of the male forewing is unique in that the tornus and inner margin are rounded, the latter being convex while in all other
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Jamides</taxonomicName>
species the inner margin is straight. Also peculiar in the male is the large purple-brown patch occupying the costal one-third of the hindwing upperside. This patch is adorned with long androconial hairs (up to 5 mm in length). No other known
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Jamides</taxonomicName>
bears such prominent structures. The male forewing upperside bears a thick terminal black border, tapering towards the tornus, not present in other species. On the underside, both sexes are easily recognised by the curved striae that are well displaced between veins on both wings and the two apical black spots on the hindwing are more rounded and pronounced than in other taxa. The area of orange bordered by metallic blue on the hindwing underside is extensive in both sexes, particularly the female, and extends from the inner margin all the way to space 5. The male forewing underside has the entire median area grey-white between the inner margin and vein 2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="114">
The male genitalia of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides vasilia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vasilia">Jamides vasilia</taxonomicName>
is unusual, bearing long teeth-like processes on the inner margin of the valva, with a spine-like process at the apex of the valva.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="114">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="114">♂ Forewing length 15.8mm (Holotype), Antenna length 9.5mm (Holotype). Head grey; antenna long and extending well beyond end of cell, black ringed with white; thorax blue scaled on upperside, grey beneath; abdomen dark grey with blue scales near base on upperside; legs black with white between segments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="114">Forewing with tornus rounded (in congeners squared), and inner margin convex (in congeners straight).</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="1" pageNumber="114">
Forewing upperside brilliant metallic sky blue, darkening slightly towards termen and apex, a prominent black termen border widening to ~1.5mm at apex; cilia black. Forewing underside deep grey-brown; inner margin broadly pale grey-white (in spaces 1a and 1b), with some metallic sky blue scales along vein 1b; termen narrowly white; a narrow grey-brown subterminal band, narrowly edged with white that forms triangular marks on basal edge; a postmedian band of similar colour to ground colour, about 2mm wide, narrowly edged with curved white on outside margin and with
<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="115" start="start">corresponding</pageBreakToken>
dark brown on inside margin, band is strongly displaced at veins by approximately 1mm, towards base in spaces 6 and 7 and incrementally towards base towards inner margin in spaces 2, 3 and 4; a median band at end of cell, approximately 1.5mm wide, curved and edged with white and dark brown as in postmedian band; cilia dark brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Hindwing rounded, with 2.5mm long, black tail at vein 2, tipped with white.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Hindwing upperside brilliant metallic sky blue, darkening slightly towards termen; a large purple-brown patch, clothed with long androconia along costa and in median area, occupying much of spaces 6 and 7 as well as part of cell and space 5; termen narrowly black; a series of diffuse black-dusted and indented subterminal spots, as well as two small black spots at tornus near intersection of vein 1b. Hindwing underside deep grey-brown; inner margin narrowly white, interspersed with black at vein ends; a large black apical spot (1.5mm diameter) in space 6 and another apical spot of similar colour and dimensions in space 7, both spots rimmed narrowly with white; two large subtornal black spots in spaces 2 (approx. 1mm across) and 3 (approx. 0.4mm across) and smaller, less regular black spots in spaces 1b and 4, each of these spots broadly edged along veins with metallic sky blue and basally with bright orange, and then fine white arcuate lines; an additional arcuate white subterminal line in space 5 linking the subapical and subtornal black spots; a postmedian band similar to that on the forewing underside, curved and strongly displaced at veins; a median band edged with white and dark brown at end of cell; a basal band approximately 1mm wide, edged narrowly with white, displaced at either side of cell; cilia dark brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="115">♀: Forewing length 20.6mm, antenna length 10.8mm, antenna, thorax, abdomen and legs similar to male.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Forewing with inner margin straight.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Forewing upperside bright lustrous sky blue, darkening towards termen; apex of termen and apex broadly and sharply edged black (2.5mm and 8mm wide, respectively). Forewing underside similar to male, ground colour slightly paler and inner margin only narrowly white-grey and without blue scales, postmedian band extending to vein 1b, white edging to bands slightly wider and more diffuse.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Hindwing rounded, with black, white-tipped tail at vein 2 (approx. 4mm long).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Hindwing upperside bright lustrous sky blue, darkening towards termen; inner margin broadly black, basally transitional to brown, with narrow blue scaling along edge of space 6 and 7 adjacent to cell; a row of black subterminal spots (each averaging 0.6mm diameter) in spaces 2, 3, 4 and 5; two irregular black subtornal lines in spaces 1a and 1b, subparallel to termen; inner margin narrowly white. Hindwing underside similar to male, ground colour slightly paler, orange bordering subterminal spots wider and very extensive, reaching from the inner margin to space 5.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">
Male genitalia. Vinculum and tegumen ring broadly oval; sociuncus divergent; socii with lateral margin rounded, socii distinctly separated by straight, perpendicular sinus; saccus of even thickness, brachium widely bowed dorsally, yet sharply bent laterally, tapered dorsally; valva elaborate, hollowed, with serrated margin and teeth-like processes on inner margin, long narrow process stemming from near base of valva,
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="116" start="start">weakly</pageBreakToken>
clubbed with pointed ventral surface on club; phallus with prezonal section approximately one tenth the length of postzonal section, slender, with apical rounded pencil-like process.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="116" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="116">
This enigmatic and exquisite new butterfly is named in honour of the
<normalizedToken originalValue="author’s">author's</normalizedToken>
wife, Vasilia (Vicki) Savvas (Muller). Vicki has always supported the
<normalizedToken originalValue="author’s">author's</normalizedToken>
obsession in butterfly research, despite the many sacrifices both on and off the field.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="116" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="116">New Britain Island, Papua New Guinea.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="116" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="116">
Adults of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides vasilia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vasilia">Jamides vasilia</taxonomicName>
inhabit moss forest and appear to have a more rapid, erratic flight than other members of the genus. Two females were initially observed flying around the base of a
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Syzygium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Syzygium" order="Myrtales" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Syzygium</taxonomicName>
R.Br. ex Gaertn. (
<taxonomicName family="Myrtaceae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
) sapling and resembled those of the lycaenid
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Arhopala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arhopala thamyras" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thamyras">Arhopala thamyras</taxonomicName>
(Linnaeus, 1758). The particular
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Syzygium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Syzygium" order="Myrtales" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Syzygium</taxonomicName>
plant had numerous, highly active, medium-sized brown ants present on the lichen-covered trunk but no early stages of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Jamides</taxonomicName>
could be located either on the foliage, trunk or in leaf litter surrounding the base of the plant. In the upper parts of the Whiteman Range (Figs 60, 61),
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides vasilia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vasilia">Jamides vasilia</taxonomicName>
flies with several other
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Jamides</taxonomicName>
taxa, including
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides reverdini" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reverdini">Jamides reverdini</taxonomicName>
(Fruhstorfer, 1915),
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides pseudosias" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudosias">Jamides pseudosias</taxonomicName>
(Rothschild, 1915),
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides cyta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyta">Jamides cyta</taxonomicName>
(Boisduval, 1832),
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides allectus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="allectus">Jamides allectus</taxonomicName>
(Grose Smith, 1894),
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides soemias" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="soemias">Jamides soemias</taxonomicName>
Druce, 1891 and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides amarauge" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amarauge">Jamides amarauge</taxonomicName>
Druce, 1891. At lower elevations in the same mountain range,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides celeno" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="celeno">Jamides celeno</taxonomicName>
(Cramer, 1775),
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides aetherialis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aetherialis">Jamides aetherialis</taxonomicName>
(Butler, 1884) and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides nemophila" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nemophila">Jamides nemophila</taxonomicName>
(Butler, 1876) are abundant.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="116" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="116">
The phylogeny of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Jamides</taxonomicName>
, presented in Fig. 59, comprises representative species from each of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hirowatari’s">Hirowatari's</normalizedToken>
eight subgroups of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Jamides</taxonomicName>
, with the exception of the monotypic
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides celebica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="celebica">Jamides celebica</taxonomicName>
(Eliot, 1969). In the Bayesian phylogeny,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides vasilia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vasilia">Jamides vasilia</taxonomicName>
is recovered in a deeply diverged clade also comprising
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides cyta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyta">Jamides cyta</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides nitens" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitens">Jamides nitens</taxonomicName>
Joicey &amp; Talbot, 1916.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="116">
There is no significant variation in the type series of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides vasilia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vasilia">Jamides vasilia</taxonomicName>
, with all specimens similar in size and shape. The male exhibits very slight variation in the width of the terminal black border.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="116">
The extent of distribution of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides vasilia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vasilia">Jamides vasilia</taxonomicName>
on New Britain Island is not known. Based on the distribution of other endemic butterfly taxa on the island, it is unlikely to be restricted to the Whiteman Range, although no specimens have been observed during surveying, at a range of altitudes, of the Nakanai and Bainings Mountains, in central and east New Britain, respectively.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Jamides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jamides vasilia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vasilia">Jamides vasilia</taxonomicName>
appears to be a rare species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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