treatments-xml/data/B6/79/10/B67910B260EE54F5B48977705A7EA8A0.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.954.50667" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a53ce7a0-8ce2-458d-9ddc-89ffe1e594a0" ID-PMC="PMC7406543" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-954-109" ID-Pensoft-UUID="5B9A02319CA553F9999307BA351C9552" ID-PubMed="32821208" ID-ZooBank="A2A9BE21F57142ED979DFAD7D8151721" ModsDocID="1313-2970-954-109" checkinTime="1596086627406" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Parra, Vanessa, Nunes, Pedro M. Sales &amp; Torres-Carvajal, Omar" docDate="2020" docId="B67910B260EE54F5B48977705A7EA8A0" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 954: 109-156" docOrigin="ZooKeys 954" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.954.50667" docTitle="Pholidobolus condor Parra &amp; Nunes &amp; Torres-Carvajal 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="BB38EC4E-634D-4728-BA30-412913E7D0E0" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="5B9A02319CA553F9999307BA351C9552" lastPageNumber="109" masterDocId="5B9A02319CA553F9999307BA351C9552" masterDocTitle="Systematics of Pholidobolus lizards (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) from southern Ecuador, with descriptions of four new species" masterLastPageNumber="156" masterPageNumber="109" pageNumber="109" updateTime="1668169174927" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Systematics of Pholidobolus lizards (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) from southern Ecuador, with descriptions of four new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Parra, Vanessa</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Museo de Zoologia, Escuela de Ciencias Biologicas, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Nunes, Pedro M. Sales</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociencias, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s / n. Cidade Universitaria CEP 50670 - 901, Recife, PE, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Torres-Carvajal, Omar</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Museo de Zoologia, Escuela de Ciencias Biologicas, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0041-9250</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">omartorcar@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>954</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>109</mods:start>
<mods:end>156</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.954.50667</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.954.50667</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-954-109</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="166017079" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BB38EC4E-634D-4728-BA30-412913E7D0E0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B67910B260EE54F5B48977705A7EA8A0" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<taxonomicName LSID="B67910B2-60EE-54F5-B489-77705A7EA8A0" authority="Parra &amp; Nunes &amp; Torres-Carvajal, 2020" authorityName="Parra &amp; Nunes &amp; Torres-Carvajal" authorityYear="2020" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Pholidobolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pholidobolus condor" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="condor" status="sp. nov.">Pholidobolus condor</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="109">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Holotype of Pholidobolus condor sp. nov. (QCAZ 15844) in dorsal (A), ventral (B), and lateral (C) views. Male, SVL = 42.7 mm. Preserved specimen (A); live specimen (B, C). Photographs by Malki Bustos." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.954.50667.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437426" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Figures 9</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Head of holotype of Pholidobolus condor sp. nov. (QCAZ 15844) in lateral (A), dorsal (B), and ventral (C) views. Photographs by Valeria Chasiluisa. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.954.50667.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437427" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
, 10 Proposed standard English name: Condor cuilanes Proposed standard Spanish name: Cuilanes del 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cóndor">Condor</normalizedToken>
</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="holotype">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
QCAZ 15844 (Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Holotype of Pholidobolus condor sp. nov. (QCAZ 15844) in dorsal (A), ventral (B), and lateral (C) views. Male, SVL = 42.7 mm. Preserved specimen (A); live specimen (B, C). Photographs by Malki Bustos." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.954.50667.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437426" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">9</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Head of holotype of Pholidobolus condor sp. nov. (QCAZ 15844) in lateral (A), dorsal (B), and ventral (C) views. Photographs by Valeria Chasiluisa. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.954.50667.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437427" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">10</figureCitation>
), adult male, Ecuador, Provincia Morona Santiago, buffer zone of El Quimi Biological Reserve, plateau on the eastern side of El Quimi river valley, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="3.51892" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-3.51892">3.51892S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="78.3690" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-78.369">78.3690W</geoCoordinate>
, WGS84, 2209 m, 11 July 2017, collected by Diego Almeida, Darwin 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
, Eloy Nusirquia, Alex Achig and Ricardo Gavilanes.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.954.50667.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437426" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Figure 9.</emphasis>
Holotype of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Parra &amp; Nunes &amp; Torres-Carvajal" authorityYear="2020" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Pholidobolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pholidobolus condor" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="condor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Pholidobolus condor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (QCAZ 15844) in dorsal (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">A</emphasis>
), ventral (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">B</emphasis>
), and lateral (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">C</emphasis>
) views. Male, SVL = 42.7 mm. Preserved specimen (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">A</emphasis>
); live specimen (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">B, C</emphasis>
). Photographs by Malki Bustos.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="paratypes (3)">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Paratypes (3).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
Ecuador: Provincia Morona Santiago: QCAZ 16790 (hatchling), El Quimi Biological Reserve, base camp towards old heliport (high zone), 
<geoCoordinate degrees="3.51894" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-3.51894">3.51894S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="78.36897" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-78.36897">78.36897W</geoCoordinate>
, WGS84, 2226 m, 17 April 2018; QCAZ 16788-89 (hatchlings), El Quimi Biological Reserve, near base camp, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="3.5182" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-3.5182">3.5182S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="78.3913" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-78.3913">78.3913W</geoCoordinate>
, WGS84, 1994 m, 12 April 2018, collected by Diego Almeida, Darwin 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
, Eloy Nusirquia, Alex Achig and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="María">Maria</normalizedToken>
del Mar Moretta.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.954.50667.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437427" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Figure 10.</emphasis>
Head of holotype of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Parra &amp; Nunes &amp; Torres-Carvajal" authorityYear="2020" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Pholidobolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pholidobolus condor" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="condor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Pholidobolus condor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (QCAZ 15844) in lateral (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">A</emphasis>
), dorsal (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">B</emphasis>
), and ventral (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">C)</emphasis>
views. Photographs by Valeria Chasiluisa. Scale bar: 5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Parra &amp; Nunes &amp; Torres-Carvajal" authorityYear="2020" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Pholidobolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pholidobolus condor" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="condor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Pholidobolus condor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unique among its congeners, except 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. samek" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="samek">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. samek</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., in having green dorsolateral stripes on the head. However, adult males of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. condor" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="condor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. condor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ from those of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. samek" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="samek">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. samek</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. in having lighter dorsolateral head stripes, and reddish flanks and venter. In addition, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. ulisesi" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="ulisesi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. ulisesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. dicrus" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="dicrus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. dicrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. hillisi" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="hillisi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. hillisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. vertebralis" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="vertebralis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. vertebralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. condor" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="condor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. condor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(character states of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. condor" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="condor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. condor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in parentheses) in having a conspicuous light vertebral stripe (light vertebral stripe absent). 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1863" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Pholidobolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pholidobolus affinis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Pholidobolus affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. prefrontalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="prefrontalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. prefrontalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. dicrus" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="dicrus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. dicrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. hillisi" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="hillisi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. hillisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. vertebralis" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="vertebralis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. vertebralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
further differ from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. condor" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="condor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. condor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having prefrontal scales (prefrontal scales absent). Additionally, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. condor" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="condor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. condor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. has fewer dorsal scales (26-30) than 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. affinis" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(45-55), 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. montium" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="montium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. montium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(35-50), 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. prefrontalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="prefrontalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. prefrontalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(37-46), 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. macbrydei" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="macbrydei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. macbrydei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(31-43), and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. dolichoderes" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="dolichoderes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. dolichoderes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (35-40). 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Parra &amp; Nunes &amp; Torres-Carvajal" authorityYear="2020" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Pholidobolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pholidobolus condor" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="condor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Pholidobolus condor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be further distinguished from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. fascinatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="fascinatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. fascinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. by having widened medial scales on collar, and from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. dolichoderes" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="dolichoderes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. dolichoderes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. by having fewer temporals (7-9 and 4-5, respectively), fewer ventrals (18-20 and 25-27), and fewer gulars (14-16 and 22-23).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Characterization.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">(1) Two (rarely three) supraoculars, anteriormost larger than posterior one; (2) prefrontals absent; (3) femoral pores absent; (4) four opaque lower eyelid scales; (5) scales on dorsal surface of neck striated or smooth, progressively striated from forelimbs to tail; (6) two rows of lateral granules at midbody; (7) 27-31 dorsal scales between occipital and posterior margin of hindlimb; (8) lateral body fold present; (9) keeled ventrolateral scales on each side absent; (10) dorsum dark brown with a narrow, pale brown stripe; (11) labial stripe white; (12) flanks of body dark brown or gray; (13) hemipenial body cylindrical with distinctive capitular groove.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Description of holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
Adult male (QCAZ 15844) (Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Holotype of Pholidobolus condor sp. nov. (QCAZ 15844) in dorsal (A), ventral (B), and lateral (C) views. Male, SVL = 42.7 mm. Preserved specimen (A); live specimen (B, C). Photographs by Malki Bustos." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.954.50667.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437426" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">9</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Head of holotype of Pholidobolus condor sp. nov. (QCAZ 15844) in lateral (A), dorsal (B), and ventral (C) views. Photographs by Valeria Chasiluisa. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.954.50667.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437427" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">10</figureCitation>
); SVL 42.7 mm; TL 74.8 mm; dorsal and lateral head scales juxtaposed, finely wrinkled; rostral hexagonal, 1.67 times as wide as high; frontonasal quadrangular, slightly bigger than frontal, laterally in contact with nasal, loreal and first superciliary; prefrontal scales absent; frontal pentagonal, longer than wide, wider anteriorly, in contact with first superciliary and supraocular; frontoparietals hexagonal, longer than wide, slightly wider in the middle, each in contact laterally with supraocular II; interparietal octagonal, with a short medial suture posteriorly, lateral borders nearly parallel to each other; parietals larger than interparietal, hexagonal and positioned anterolaterally to interparietal, each in contact laterally with supraocular II and dorsalmost postocular; postparietals three, medial scale smaller than lateral ones; eight supralabials, fourth one longest and below center of eye; six infralabials, fourth one below center of eye; temporals enlarged, irregularly hexagonal, smooth; two large and smooth supratemporals; nasal shield slightly divided above nostril, irregularly pentagonal, longer than high, in contact with rostral anteriorly, first and second supralabials ventrally, frontonasal dorsally, loreal posterodorsally and frenocular posteroventrally; nostril on ventral aspect of nasal, directed laterally; loreal quadrangular, slightly wider dorsally, not in contact with supralabials; frenocular higher than long, in contact with nasal; nasal separating loreal from supralabials; two supraoculars, anteriormost one the widest; four elongate superciliaries, anteriormost enlarged, in contact with loreal; palpebral disc divided into five pigmented scales; four suboculars, anteriormost three elongated and homogeneous in size, posteriormost widest; two postoculars, the dorsalmost wider than the other; ear opening vertically oval, without denticulate margins; tympanum recessed into a shallow auditory meatus; mental wider than long; postmental pentagonal, slightly wider than long, followed posteriorly by three pairs of genials, the anterior two pairs in contact medially and the third pair separated by postgenials; all genials in contact with infralabials; gulars imbricate, smooth, widened in two longitudinal rows; posterior row of gulars (collar) with nine scales, the medial three slightly widened.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Nuchal scales slightly smaller than dorsals, except for the anteriormost that are widened; scales on sides of neck small and granular; dorsal scales elongate, imbricate, arranged in transverse rows; scales on dorsal surface of neck striated, becoming progressively keeled from forelimbs to tail; dorsal scales between occipital and posterior margin of hindlimbs 27; dorsal scale rows in a transverse line at midbody 27; one longitudinal row of smooth, enlarged ventrolateral scales on each side; dorsals separated from ventrals by two rows of small scales at the level of 13th row of ventrals; lateral body fold between fore and hindlimbs present; ventrals smooth, wider than long, arranged in 20 transverse rows between collar fold and preanals; six ventral scales in a transverse row at midbody; subcaudals smooth; axillary region with granular scales; scales on dorsal surface of forelimb striated, imbricate; scales on ventral surface of forelimb granular; two thick, smooth thenar scales; supradigitals (left/right) 3/3 on finger I, 6/6 on II, 8/8 on III, 9/9 on IV, 6/6 on V; supradigitals 3/3 on toe I, 6/6 on II, 9/9 on III, 12/12 on IV, 7/7 on V; subdigital lamellae of finger I, II, III, and V single, on finger IV few scales in the middle paired; subdigital lamellae 6/6 on finger I, 11/11 on II, 15/15 on III, 17/16 on IV, 10/10 on V; subdigital lamellae on toes I and II single, on toes III, IV and V paired, except for two or three distalmost subdigitals; subdigital lamellae 7/6 on toe I, 12/12 on II, 15/16 on III, 22/22 on IV, 12/12 on V; groin region with small, juxtaposed scales; scales on dorsal surface of hindlimbs striated and imbricate; scales on ventral surface of hindlimbs smooth; scales on posterior surface of hindlimbs granular; femoral pores absent; preanal pores absent; cloacal plate paired, bordered by four scales anteriorly, of which the two medialmost are enlarged.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Additional measurements (mm) and proportions of the holotype: HL 11.0; HW 6.6; ShL 5.8; AGD 20.4; TL/SVL 1.7; HL/SVL 0.3; HW/SVL 0.2; ShL/SVL 0.1; AGD/SVL 0.5.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="color of holotype in life">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Color of holotype in life.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
Dorsal background from head to base of tail dark brown, with a golden brown vertebral stripe extending from occiput to tail; greenish cream dorsolateral stripes on head, becoming light brown on posterior part of body; white longitudinal stripe extending from first supralabial to shoulder; sides of neck, flanks and limbs dark brown; chocolate brown narrow stripe extending from tympanum to arm insertion; ventrolateral region of body grayish brown; throat reddish cream; chest, belly, base of tail and lateral region of tail bright orange, with brown marks in some scales; ventral surface of hind limbs with orange diffuse marks (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Holotype of Pholidobolus condor sp. nov. (QCAZ 15844) in dorsal (A), ventral (B), and lateral (C) views. Male, SVL = 42.7 mm. Preserved specimen (A); live specimen (B, C). Photographs by Malki Bustos." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.954.50667.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437426" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">9B,C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="color of holotype in preservative">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Color of holotype in preservative.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
Dorsal background uniformly dark brown with a grayish brown middorsal stripe extending from occiput onto tail; dorsolateral stripe distinct, pale gray, extending from snout to near base of tail; head brown dorsally (rostral, frontonasal, frontal, frontoparietals and supraoculars) and dark brown laterally; white longitudinal stripe extending from first supralabial to forelimb; lateral aspect of neck dark brown with a dorsolateral light brown stripe extending posteriorly along flanks to hindlimbs; flanks grayish brown; tail dark brown dorsally and bronze laterally; ventral surface of head gray, with dirty cream genials and scattered black marks; chest, belly and ventral surface of tail light gray with light red spots; ventral surface of limbs dark gray (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Holotype of Pholidobolus condor sp. nov. (QCAZ 15844) in dorsal (A), ventral (B), and lateral (C) views. Male, SVL = 42.7 mm. Preserved specimen (A); live specimen (B, C). Photographs by Malki Bustos." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.954.50667.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437426" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">9A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="variation">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Variations.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
Measurements and scale counts of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Parra &amp; Nunes &amp; Torres-Carvajal" authorityYear="2020" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Pholidobolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pholidobolus condor" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="condor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Pholidobolus condor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are presented in Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="T6" captionText="Table 6. Summary of morphological characters and measurements (mm) of Pholidobolus samek sp. nov., P. condor sp. nov., P. dolichoderes sp. nov., and P. fascinatus sp. nov. Range (first line) and mean + / - standard deviation (second line) are presented." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F2BE6C78BE5E63E86D7D8CD3AF95A562" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" tableUuid="F2BE6C78BE5E63E86D7D8CD3AF95A562">6</tableCitation>
. Supraoculars three on left side in specimen QCAZ 16789; supralabials six in QCAZ 16789 and 16790, and seven in QCAZ 16788; two quadrangular frontonasals in QCAZ 16788; transverse rows of ventral scales between collar fold and preanals 18 in QCAZ 16788 and 19 in QCAZ 16790. Hatchlings with eight (QCAZ 16788-89) or six (QCAZ 16790) posterior gular (collar) scales. Unlike the adult male, hatchlings lack reddish color on tail.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="F2BE6C78BE5E63E86D7D8CD3AF95A562" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F2BE6C78BE5E63E86D7D8CD3AF95A562" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" start="Table 6" startId="T6">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Table 6.</emphasis>
Summary of morphological characters and measurements (mm) of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Parra &amp; Nunes &amp; Torres-Carvajal" authorityYear="2020" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Pholidobolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pholidobolus samek" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samek">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Pholidobolus samek</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. condor" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="condor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. condor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. dolichoderes" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="dolichoderes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. dolichoderes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. fascinatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="fascinatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. fascinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. Range (first line) and mean 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
standard deviation (second line) are presented.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">Character</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. samek" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="samek">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. samek</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. N = 7 (adults = 3)
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. condor" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="condor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. condor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. N = 4 (adults = 1)
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. dolichoderes" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="dolichoderes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. dolichoderes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. N = 5 (adults = 3)
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. fascinatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="fascinatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. fascinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. N = 27 (adults = 4)
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">Scales along margin of upper jaw</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
7-10 (9.14 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.07)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
8-9 (8.75 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.5)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
9-11 (10.2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.84)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
7-10 (8.36 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.91)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">Scales along margin of lower jaw</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
8-9 (8.25 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.5)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
5-10 (7.14 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2.67)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
10-11 (10.2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.45)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
4-10 (7.4 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.58)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">Gulars</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
15-18 (16.71 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.11)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
14-16 (15 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.82)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
22-23 (22.8 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.48)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
14-17 (15.72 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.89)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">Ventrals in transverse row at midbody</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
19-21 (20 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.82)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
18-20 (19 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.15)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
25-27 (25.8 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.84)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
21-25 (22.96 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.21)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">Dorsals from occiput to base of tail</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
27-29 (27.71 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.76)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
26-30 (27.75 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.71)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
35-40 (36.8 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2.05)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
32-37 (34.64 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.19)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">Temporals</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
4-5 (4.14 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.38)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
4-5 (4.25 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.5)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
7-9 (8 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.70)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
3-5 (3.44 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.65)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">Scales around midbody</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
25-32 (27.71 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2.75)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
27-30 (28 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.41)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
31-33 (32.2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.84)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
28-34 (30.96 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.79)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">Scales around tail</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
14-16 (15 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.81)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
14-20 (17.86 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2.73)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
18-19 (18.6 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.55)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
18-22 (20.32 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.18)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">Lower eyelid scales</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
4-5 (4.14 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.38)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
4-6 (4.8 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.84)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
4-6 (5.04 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.61)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">Gular (collar) scales</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
6-8 (7.14 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.9)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
6-9 (7.75 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.26)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
6-8 (6.4 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.89)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
9-12 (10.28 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.73)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">Head length in adults</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
9.9-11.4 (10.76 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.77)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">11</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
9.7-10.6 (10.05 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.46)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
8.9-12.3 (10.22 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.80)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">Head width in adults</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
6.5-7.4 (6.93 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.48)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">6.6</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
6.2-6.3 (6.26 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.05)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
6.6-9.2 (7.58 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.45)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">SVL in adults</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
41.6-49.3 (45.89 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
3.89)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">42.7</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
41.1-50.6 (45.75 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
4.74)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
42.6-52.5 (47.3 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
4.98)
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Distribution and natural history.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Parra &amp; Nunes &amp; Torres-Carvajal" authorityYear="2020" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Pholidobolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pholidobolus condor" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="condor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Pholidobolus condor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in Cordillera del 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cóndor">Condor</normalizedToken>
in southeastern Ecuador at elevations between 1994-2226 m. The new species is known from El Quimi Biological Reserve in Morona Santiago province (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Distribution of samples of the &quot; Pholidobolus macbrydei &quot; species complex included in phylogenetic analyses. Circles correspond to four new species described in this paper: P. samek sp. nov. (red), P. condor sp. nov. (blue), P. dolichoderes sp. nov. (brown), and P. fascinatus sp. nov. (green). Triangles are &quot; Pholidobolus macbrydei &quot; clades as illustrated in the phylogenetic tree (Fig. 1): A (green) B (white) C (red) D (blue) E (black) F (turquoise). Orange diamond corresponds to type locality of P. macbrydei. This map was created in QGIS v 3.10." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.954.50667.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437424" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">7</figureCitation>
). The holotype was found active at 21h14 at the base of a bromeliad on a sandstone plateau of shrub vegetation (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Habitat of Pholidobolus condor sp. nov. at El Quimi Biological Reserve, Ecuador. Photographs by Alvaro Perez." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.954.50667.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437429" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">11</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.954.50667.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437429" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Figure 11.</emphasis>
Habitat of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Parra &amp; Nunes &amp; Torres-Carvajal" authorityYear="2020" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Pholidobolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pholidobolus condor" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="condor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Pholidobolus condor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. at El Quimi Biological Reserve, Ecuador. Photographs by 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Álvaro">Alvaro</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pérez">Perez</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
Several eggs were found within a bromeliad, suggesting that females of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. condor" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="condor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. condor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lay their eggs in communal nests. Four eggs that were found on the ground at the base of bromeliads and under a trunk were incubated in sphagnum and perlite in captivity for approximately three months. On average, hatchlings weighted 0.4 g and were 23.7 mm in SVL.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Parra &amp; Nunes &amp; Torres-Carvajal" authorityYear="2020" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Pholidobolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pholidobolus condor" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="condor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Pholidobolus condor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only known from Cordillera del 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cóndor">Condor</normalizedToken>
in southeastern Ecuador. This area is currently threatened by mining activities (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.809.25207" author="Ron, SR" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" pagination="97 - 124" refId="B33" refString="Ron, SR, Caminer, MA, Varela-Jaramillo, A, Almeida-Reinoso, D, 2018. A new treefrog from Cordillera del Condor with comments on the biogeographic affinity between Cordillera del Condor and the Guianan Tepuis (Anura, Hylidae, Hyloscirtus). ZooKeys 809: 97 - 124, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.809.25207" title="A new treefrog from Cordillera del Condor with comments on the biogeographic affinity between Cordillera del Condor and the Guianan Tepuis (Anura, Hylidae, Hyloscirtus)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.809.25207" volume="809" year="2018">Ron et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4353.3.3" author="Valencia, JH" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" pagination="447 - 466" refId="B46" refString="Valencia, JH, Duenas, MR, Szekely, P, Batallas, D, Pulluquitin, F, Ron, SR, 2017. A new species of direct-developing frog of the genus Pristimantis (Anura: Terrarana: Craugastoridae) from Cordillera del Condor, Ecuador, with comments on threats to the anuran fauna in the region. Zootaxa 4353: 447 - 466, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4353.3.3" title="A new species of direct-developing frog of the genus Pristimantis (Anura: Terrarana: Craugastoridae) from Cordillera del Condor, Ecuador, with comments on threats to the anuran fauna in the region." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4353.3.3" volume="4353" year="2017">Valencia et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2016.10.009" author="Van Teijlingen, K" journalOrPublisher="Extractive Industries and Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" pagination="902 - 911" refId="B47" refString="Van Teijlingen, K, 2016. The 'will to improve' at the mining frontier: Neo-extractivism, development and governmentality in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Extractive Industries and Society 3: 902 - 911, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2016.10.009" title="The ' will to improve' at the mining frontier: Neo-extractivism, development and governmentality in the Ecuadorian Amazon." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2016.10.009" volume="3" year="2016">Van Teijlingen 2016</bibRefCitation>
). Habitat destruction and fragmentation is evident at a distance of ~11 km from the collection sites (
<bibRefCitation author="Mazabanda, C" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" publicationUrl="https://maaproject.org/mirador-ecuador" refId="B20" refString="Mazabanda, C, Kemper, R, Thieme, A, Hettler, B, Finer, M, 2018. Impacts of Mining Project &quot;Mirador&quot; in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Monitoring Andean Amazon Project (MAAP). https://maaproject.org/mirador-ecuador" title="Impacts of Mining Project &quot; Mirador &quot; in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Monitoring Andean Amazon Project (MAAP)." url="https://maaproject.org/mirador-ecuador" year="2018">Mazabanda et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
). Because of the small known distribution and habitat disturbance, we suggest assigning 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. condor" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="condor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. condor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the Critically Endangered category under criteria B1a, b(iii); C1; D, according to 
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="South American Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" refId="B10" refString="IUCN, 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, iv + 32 pp." title="IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, iv + 32 pp." year="2012">IUCN (2012)</bibRefCitation>
guidelines.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
The specific epithet 
<taxonomicName lsidName="condor" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="condor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">condor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
refers to Cordillera del 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cóndor">Condor</normalizedToken>
, where the new species was discovered. The Cordillera del 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cóndor">Condor</normalizedToken>
is an eastern outlier of the main Andean chain, where a significant number of species have been discovered in the last decade (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2017.1292755" author="Brito, JM" journalOrPublisher="Neotropical Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" refId="B2" refString="Brito, JM, Tinoco, N, Chavez, D, Moreno-Cardenas, P, Batallas, D, Ojala-Barbour, R, 2017. New species of arboreal rat of the genus Rhipidomys (Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae) from Sangay National Park, Ecuador. Neotropical Biodiversity 3:1, 65-79. https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2017.1292755" title="New species of arboreal rat of the genus Rhipidomys (Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae) from Sangay National Park, Ecuador. Neotropical Biodiversity 3: 1, 65 - 79." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2017.1292755" year="2017">Brito et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.340.1.6" author="Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" pagination="79 - 85" refId="B8" refString="Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I, Neill, D, 2018. Vochysia condorensis (Vochysiaceae), a new species from the Cordillera del Condor, Ecuador. Phytotaxa 340 (1): 79 - 85, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.340.1.6" title="Vochysia condorensis (Vochysiaceae), a new species from the Cordillera del Condor, Ecuador." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.340.1.6" volume="340" year="2018">Huamantupa-Chuquimaco and Neill 2018</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.809.25207" author="Ron, SR" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" pagination="97 - 124" refId="B33" refString="Ron, SR, Caminer, MA, Varela-Jaramillo, A, Almeida-Reinoso, D, 2018. A new treefrog from Cordillera del Condor with comments on the biogeographic affinity between Cordillera del Condor and the Guianan Tepuis (Anura, Hylidae, Hyloscirtus). ZooKeys 809: 97 - 124, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.809.25207" title="A new treefrog from Cordillera del Condor with comments on the biogeographic affinity between Cordillera del Condor and the Guianan Tepuis (Anura, Hylidae, Hyloscirtus)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.809.25207" volume="809" year="2018">Ron et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.27.273" author="Torres-Carvajal, O" journalOrPublisher="Zookeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" pagination="59 - 71" refId="B39" refString="Torres-Carvajal, O, de Queiroz, K, Etheridge, R, 2009. A new species of iguanid lizard (Hoplocercinae, Enyalioides) from southern Ecuador with a key to eastern Ecuadorian Enyalioides. Zookeys 27: 59 - 71, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.27.273" title="A new species of iguanid lizard (Hoplocercinae, Enyalioides) from southern Ecuador with a key to eastern Ecuadorian Enyalioides." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.27.273" volume="27" year="2009">Torres-Carvajal et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4353.3.3" author="Valencia, JH" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" pagination="447 - 466" refId="B46" refString="Valencia, JH, Duenas, MR, Szekely, P, Batallas, D, Pulluquitin, F, Ron, SR, 2017. A new species of direct-developing frog of the genus Pristimantis (Anura: Terrarana: Craugastoridae) from Cordillera del Condor, Ecuador, with comments on threats to the anuran fauna in the region. Zootaxa 4353: 447 - 466, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4353.3.3" title="A new species of direct-developing frog of the genus Pristimantis (Anura: Terrarana: Craugastoridae) from Cordillera del Condor, Ecuador, with comments on threats to the anuran fauna in the region." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4353.3.3" volume="4353" year="2017">Valencia et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
See remarks on 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Parra &amp; Nunes &amp; Torres-Carvajal" authorityYear="2020" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Pholidobolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pholidobolus samek" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samek">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Pholidobolus samek</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. above.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>