treatments-xml/data/F5/D2/CB/F5D2CBC4184A585AB5ECE328992F984E.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1026.60036" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ba971905-395d-4182-9f93-64869f1b55a9" ID-PMC="PMC8018940" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1026-17" ID-Pensoft-UUID="AD0D894C0A66575E91B4EEC81A2D2E9B" ID-PubMed="33850417" ID-ZooBank="B5E52548328B44C99B5445028CDE642D" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1026-17" checkinTime="1616697137537" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Perissinotto, Renzo &amp; Clennell, Lynette" docDate="2021" docId="F5D2CBC4184A585AB5ECE328992F984E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1026: 17-43" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1026" docPubDate="2021-03-25" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1026.60036" docTitle="Protaetia (Protaetia) fusca" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="AD0D894C0A66575E91B4EEC81A2D2E9B" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="AD0D894C0A66575E91B4EEC81A2D2E9B" masterDocTitle="Census of the fruit and flower chafers (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae) of the Macau SAR, China" masterLastPageNumber="43" masterPageNumber="17" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1668149968927" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Census of the fruit and flower chafers (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae) of the Macau SAR, China</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Perissinotto, Renzo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Institute for Coastal &amp; Marine Research (CMR), Nelson Mandela University, P. O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">renzo.perissinotto@mandela.ac.za</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Clennell, Lynette</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Macau Anglican College, 109 - 117 Avenida Padre Tomas Pereira, Taipa, Macau SAR, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-03-25</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1026</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>17</mods:start>
<mods:end>43</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1026.60036</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1026.60036</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1026-17</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">B5E52548328B44C99B5445028CDE642D</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">AD0D894C0A66575E91B4EEC81A2D2E9B</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="180680944" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F5D2CBC4184A585AB5ECE328992F984E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F5D2CBC4184A585AB5ECE328992F984E" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName LSID="F5D2CBC4-184A-585A-B5EC-E328992F984E" authority="(Herbst, 1790)" baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1790" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Protaetia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protaetia (Protaetia) fusca" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fusca" subGenus="Protaetia">Protaetia (Protaetia) fusca (Herbst, 1790)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Protaetia (Protaetia) fusca (Herbst, 1790): dorsal (left) and side (right) views of typical specimens observed at Coloane on 4 Apr 2019 and 17 Jul 2020, respectively (photographs: Lynette Clennell)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1026.60036.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/524395" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Cetonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cetonia fusca" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fusca">Cetonia fusca</taxonomicName>
Herbst, 1790: 257
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
Occurring widely in the Palearctic Region, especially the Chinese provinces and municipalities of Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Zhenjang, Shanghai, the Hong Kong SAR and the island of Taiwan as well as Japan and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="India’s">India's</normalizedToken>
Sikkim Province (
<bibRefCitation author="Bezdek, A" editor="Loebl, I" journalOrPublisher="3), Revised and Updated Edition; Scarabaeoidea, Scirtoidea, Dascilloidea, Buprestoidea, Byrrhoidea. Brill, Leiden &amp; Boston" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" pagination="367 - 412" refId="B3" refString="Bezdek, A, 2016. Subfamily Cetoniinae. In: Loebl, I, Loebl, D, Eds., Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera (Vol. 3), Revised and Updated Edition; Scarabaeoidea, Scirtoidea, Dascilloidea, Buprestoidea, Byrrhoidea. Brill, Leiden &amp; Boston: 367 - 412" title="Subfamily Cetoniinae." volumeTitle="Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera (Vol." year="2016">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bezděk">Bezdek</normalizedToken>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
). Also found in the Oriental, Australian, Afrotropical, and Pacific regions (
<bibRefCitation author="Bezdek, A" editor="Loebl, I" journalOrPublisher="3), Revised and Updated Edition; Scarabaeoidea, Scirtoidea, Dascilloidea, Buprestoidea, Byrrhoidea. Brill, Leiden &amp; Boston" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" pagination="367 - 412" refId="B3" refString="Bezdek, A, 2016. Subfamily Cetoniinae. In: Loebl, I, Loebl, D, Eds., Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera (Vol. 3), Revised and Updated Edition; Scarabaeoidea, Scirtoidea, Dascilloidea, Buprestoidea, Byrrhoidea. Brill, Leiden &amp; Boston: 367 - 412" title="Subfamily Cetoniinae." volumeTitle="Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera (Vol." year="2016">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bezděk">Bezdek</normalizedToken>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
), particularly across SE Asia, Australia, New Guinea, Madagascar, Mauritius, Hawaii, Polynesia, Micronesia, and Melanesia (
<bibRefCitation author="Sakai, K" journalOrPublisher="Mushi-Sha, Tokyo" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" refId="B41" refString="Sakai, K, Nagai, S, 1998. The Cetoniine Beetles of the World. Mushi-Sha's Iconographic Series of Insects (Vol. 3). Mushi-Sha, Tokyo" title="The Cetoniine Beetles of the World. Mushi-Sha's Iconographic Series of Insects (Vol. 3)." year="1998">Sakai and Nagai 1998</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Krajcik, M" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" refId="B19" refString="Krajcik, M, 2011. Illustrated Catalogue of Cetoniinae, Trichiinae and Valginae of China (Coleoptera, Cetoniidae). ANIMMA.X, Supplement1/2011, Milan Krajcik, Plzen (Czech Republic), 113 pp + 20 pl." title="Illustrated Catalogue of Cetoniinae, Trichiinae and Valginae of China (Coleoptera, Cetoniidae). ANIMMA. X, Supplement 1 / 2011, Milan Krajcik, Plzen (Czech Republic), 113 pp + 20 pl." year="2011">Krajcik 2011</bibRefCitation>
). It has recently been intercepted in Florida and in the Caribbean countries of Bahamas and Barbados (
<bibRefCitation author="Woodruff, RE" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Mundi" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" pagination="227 - 231" publicationUrl="https://journals.flvc.org/mundi/article/download/25091/24422" refId="B52" refString="Woodruff, RE, 2006. The Asian mango flower beetle, Protaetia fusca (Herbst), and Euphoria sepulcralis (Fabricius) in Florida and the West Indies (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). Insecta Mundi 20 (3-4): 227 - 231, https://journals.flvc.org/mundi/article/download/25091/24422" title="The Asian mango flower beetle, Protaetia fusca (Herbst), and Euphoria sepulcralis (Fabricius) in Florida and the West Indies (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae)." url="https://journals.flvc.org/mundi/article/download/25091/24422" volume="20" year="2006">Woodruff 2006</bibRefCitation>
), thus becoming a near-cosmopolitan species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3060670304" collectingDate="1990-06" collectorName="ER Easton" country="Macau" location="University" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
: 
<collectingCountry name="Macao">Macau</collectingCountry>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F5D2CBC4184A585AB5ECE328992F984E:8EC04CD904058CAF5CC04CE45CE3BBFF" country="Macau" name="University">University</location>
of 
<collectingCountry name="China">East Asia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingDate value="1990-06">Jun 1990</collectingDate>
, 
<collectorName>ER Easton</collectorName>
leg (UMEC)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3060670317" collectingDate="2019-06-29" collectorName="R Perissinotto, L Clennell" country="Macao" location="Coloane" municipality="Cheoc Van" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
: 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F5D2CBC4184A585AB5ECE328992F984E:DD072D30B08A2A099794A19E0FA7C90B" country="Macao" municipality="Cheoc Van" name="Coloane">Coloane</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality>Cheoc Van</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingDate value="2019-06-29">29 Jun 2019</collectingDate>
, crushed on sidewalk, 
<collectorName>R Perissinotto</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>L Clennell</collectorName>
(MACT)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="other macau records">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Other Macau records.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
Coloane, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hác-Sá">Hac-Sa</normalizedToken>
, 4 Apr 2019, on flowers of 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Oleaceae" genus="Ligustrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ligustrum sinense" order="Oleales" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="sinense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Ligustrum sinense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, R Perissinotto; Coloane Village, 17 Jul 2020, on building wall, L Clennell; Coloane, Oscar Farm, on rice stem, 24 Oct 2020, Kit Chang (pers. comm.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
Despite being one of the most worldwide spread cetoniine, this species is extremely scarce in Macau. Adults are active mainly in spring and summer and range in size from approximately 13 to 15 mm TL and from 8 to 9 mm MW. In Macau, they have been observed feeding only on flowers of 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Oleaceae" genus="Ligustrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ligustrum sinense" order="Oleales" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="sinense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Ligustrum sinense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the widely used common name of Asian mango flower beetle for the species indicates a diet with this staple component in its natural habitat. Globally, it has actually shown a very variable diet, including a multitude of flowers, fruits and even bee honey. In Hawaii, where it was first recorded in 1949 (
<bibRefCitation author="Maehler, KL" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 9" refId="B28" refString="Maehler, KL, 1950. Protaetia fusca (Herbst). Notes and exhibitions. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 14 (1): 1 - 9" title="Protaetia fusca (Herbst). Notes and exhibitions." volume="14" year="1950">Maehler 1950</bibRefCitation>
), it is regarded as a pest, causing damage to commercially cultivated roses, maize and a wide variety of flowers and fruits. The damage caused has been regarded significant enough to justify the introduction of parasitic wasps from other regions, in an effort to exert biological control over its rapidly expanding population (
<bibRefCitation author="Woodruff, RE" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Mundi" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" pagination="227 - 231" publicationUrl="https://journals.flvc.org/mundi/article/download/25091/24422" refId="B52" refString="Woodruff, RE, 2006. The Asian mango flower beetle, Protaetia fusca (Herbst), and Euphoria sepulcralis (Fabricius) in Florida and the West Indies (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). Insecta Mundi 20 (3-4): 227 - 231, https://journals.flvc.org/mundi/article/download/25091/24422" title="The Asian mango flower beetle, Protaetia fusca (Herbst), and Euphoria sepulcralis (Fabricius) in Florida and the West Indies (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae)." url="https://journals.flvc.org/mundi/article/download/25091/24422" volume="20" year="2006">Woodruff 2006</bibRefCitation>
). The entire life cycle of this species, including egg, 1st-3rd instar larvae and pupa, was comprehensively described and illustrated by 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1990.tb00317.x" author="Simpson, GB" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Australian Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" pagination="67 - 73" refId="B44" refString="Simpson, GB, 1990. Immature stages of Protaetia fusca (Herbst) (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Cetoniidae) with notes on its biology. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 29: 67 - 73, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1990.tb00317.x" title="Immature stages of Protaetia fusca (Herbst) (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Cetoniidae) with notes on its biology." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1990.tb00317.x" volume="29" year="1990">Simpson (1990)</bibRefCitation>
. Larvae are compost feeders and have not been observed to attack roots of healthy plants and thus, unlike their adults, are not regarded as pests (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1990.tb00317.x" author="Simpson, GB" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Australian Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" pagination="67 - 73" refId="B44" refString="Simpson, GB, 1990. Immature stages of Protaetia fusca (Herbst) (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Cetoniidae) with notes on its biology. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 29: 67 - 73, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1990.tb00317.x" title="Immature stages of Protaetia fusca (Herbst) (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Cetoniidae) with notes on its biology." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1990.tb00317.x" volume="29" year="1990">Simpson 1990</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1026.60036.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/524395" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Figure 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1790" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Protaetia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protaetia (Protaetia) fusca" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fusca" subGenus="Protaetia">Protaetia (Protaetia) fusca</taxonomicName>
(Herbst, 1790): dorsal (left) and side (right) views of typical specimens observed at Coloane on 4 Apr 2019 and 17 Jul 2020, respectively (photographs: Lynette Clennell).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>