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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.156.2211" ID-GBIF-Dataset="63fcb618-7289-4247-b8be-bde67c898b3b" ID-PMC="PMC3253573" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-156-85" ID-PubMed="22303097" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-156-85" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 156" ModsDocTitle="Two remarkable new species of Penicillata (Diplopoda, Polyxenida) from Table Mountain National Park (Cape Town, South Africa)" checkinTime="1451249473338" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Duy-Jacquemin, Monique Nguyen, Uys, Charmaine &amp; Geoffroy, Jean-Jacques" docDate="2011" docId="70CF1F3F369BE09011331025ECF46780" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 156: 85-103" docOrigin="ZooKeys 156" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.156.2211" docTitle="Phryssonotus brevicapensis Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, Uys &amp; Geoffroy, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="94" masterDocId="FFBDFFAAD354D768A060FFABFFD8FFA4" masterDocTitle="Two remarkable new species of Penicillata (Diplopoda, Polyxenida) from Table Mountain National Park (Cape Town, South Africa)" masterLastPageNumber="103" masterPageNumber="85" pageNumber="90" updateTime="1668153030367" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Two remarkable new species of Penicillata (Diplopoda, Polyxenida) from Table Mountain National Park (Cape Town, South Africa)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Duy-Jacquemin, Monique Nguyen</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Uys, Charmaine</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Geoffroy, Jean-Jacques</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>156</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>85</mods:start>
<mods:end>103</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.156.2211</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.156.2211</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-156-85</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152032720" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:70CF1F3F369BE09011331025ECF46780" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/70CF1F3F369BE09011331025ECF46780" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="5" pageNumber="90">
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="90" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="90">
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DADD9CDA-BB36-491F-85BB-FE609759F2E9" authority="Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, Uys &amp; Geoffroy" class="Diplopoda" family="Synxenidae" genus="Phryssonotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phryssonotus brevicapensis" order="Polyxenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicapensis">
Phryssonotus brevicapensis Nguyen
<normalizedToken originalValue="Duy–Jacquemin">Duy-Jacquemin</normalizedToken>
, Uys &amp; Geoffroy
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="5" pageNumber="90">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 6-9
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="5" pageNumber="90" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="90">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="5" pageNumber="90">
South Africa, Cape Town,Table Mountain National Park. Tokai S, site 30, Fynbos, altitude 310 m, 34°04'01S, 18°24'03E, leaf litter, 24/XI/2008, holotype adult male (no. 16a) and 1 paratype adult male (no. 16b) (MNHN). Other paratypes: adult male (no. 1) (MNHN), Newlands, site 4, pine plantation, altitude 260 m, 33°58'24S, 18°26'27E,
<normalizedToken originalValue="sugar–baited">sugar-baited</normalizedToken>
ant trap, 15/I/2009; adult female (no. 20) (MNHN), Tokai S, site 31, pine plantation, altitude 300 m, 34°03'54S, 18°24'10E, decaying log, 19/I/2009; adult female (no. 11) (MNHN), Constantia Nek, site 19, felled pine, altitude 330 m, 34°00'20S, 18°24'45E, pitfall trap, 02/II/2009; male with 14 pl (subadult) (no. 8) (MNHN), Cecilia, Spilhaus, site 16, felled pine, altitude 470 m, 34°00'04S, 18°24'46E, pitfall trap, 23/0I/2009; female with 14 pl (subadult) (no. 13) (MNHN) and female with 12 pl (no. 15) (MNHN), Tokai N, site 27, pine plantation, altitude 330 m, 34°02'23S, 18°23'53E, leaf litter, 21/XI/2008; 2 larvae with 10 pl and 8 pl (no. 12) (MNHN), Orange Kloof, site 22, pine plantation, altitude 240 m, 34°00'23S, 18°24'02E, leaf litter, 18/XI/2008. All specimens collected by Charmaine Uys
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="91" start="start">.</pageBreakToken>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="91">
1 male with 14 pl (no. 6b) was collected at the same site as a male with 12 pl of
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polyxenidae" genus="Propolyxenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Propolyxenus squamatus" order="Polyxenida" pageId="6" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squamatus">Propolyxenus squamatus</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (no. 6, used for SEM).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="91" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="91">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="91">
Refers to the shorter body length and development compared to the most closely related species,
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Synxenidae" genus="Phryssonotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phryssonotus capensis" order="Polyxenida" pageId="6" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">Phryssonotus capensis</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="91" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="91">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="91">
10 ocelli; 5 trichomes B close to the smallest trichobothrium (tc) as in
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Synxenidae" genus="Phryssonotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phryssonotus capensis" order="Polyxenida" pageId="6" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">Phryssonotus capensis</taxonomicName>
. Differing from
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Synxenidae" genus="Phryssonotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phryssonotus capensis" order="Polyxenida" pageId="6" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">Phryssonotus capensis</taxonomicName>
with 10 rings in adults instead of 11 (without telson), 15 leg pairs instead of 17, and the attendant shorter
<normalizedToken originalValue="post–embryonic">post-embryonic</normalizedToken>
development. Males with 3 pairs of coxal glands on legs 7-9.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="6" pageNumber="91" type="description of adults, males and females">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="91">Description of adults, males and females.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="91">Measurements. Body length (without caudal penicil): 4.00-4.50 mm; caudal penicil length: 0.90-1.00 mm (Figs 6, 7A).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="91">Head with 10 ocelli on each side (Fig. 8A); 3 trichobothria with the anterior 1 (tc) possessing a much shorter sensory hair than the other 2 (ta and tb). 5 short frontal trichomes B1-B5 and 1 long, curving trichome A (Fig. 8B).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="91">Proportions of antennal articles as in Fig. 8C. Antennal article VI with 3 basiconic sensilla (Fig. 8C, E): 2 anterior (a), which are shorter and slightly thinner than the posterior one (p); 1 anterior setiform sensillum (s) and 1 posterior coeloconic sensillum (c); antennal article VII (Fig. 8D) with 2 basiconic sensilla, the anterior (a) slightly shorter than the posterior one (p), 1 setifom sensillum (s) between the 2 basiconic sensilla and 1 posterior coeloconic sensillum (c).</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="6" pageNumber="91">
Surface of labrum with numerous, small, short cuspidate papillae; papillae of anterior 3 or 4 rows larger, the size of the following papillae decreasing progressively, the smaller ones in the posterior third; about 30 lamellate teeth at anterior margin.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Clypeo–labrum">Clypeo-labrum</normalizedToken>
with ca. 10 setae, about 3/4 maximum width of labrum. Lateral expan
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="92" start="start">sions</pageBreakToken>
of gnathochilarium about twice as long as diameter of middle palp, with 21-25 sensilla, middle palp with 26-29 sensilla, of which
<normalizedToken originalValue="antero–medial">antero-medial</normalizedToken>
sensilla shorter than the others (Fig. 8F).
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="7" pageNumber="92">
Trunk of adults with 11 tergites (including collum and telson) and 15 pairs of legs (Fig. 7A). Collum with 2 medial, separate oval clusters comprising 80-90 barbate
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="93" start="start">trichomes</pageBreakToken>
and a lateral group of 8-14 barbate trichomes. Tergites
<normalizedToken originalValue="II–X">II-X</normalizedToken>
with submedial and posterior rows of
<normalizedToken originalValue="scale–shaped">scale-shaped</normalizedToken>
trichomes directed caudally (Fig. 7D), the posterior row arranged along the posterior margin of the tergite; 1 area of aligned barbate trichomes at end of each row, except on tergite II where are 35-40 barbate trichomes arranged, on each side, in 2 diagonal lines above the first
<normalizedToken originalValue="scale–row">scale-row</normalizedToken>
; 2 short rows of barbate trichomes at end of submedial
<normalizedToken originalValue="scale–row">scale-row</normalizedToken>
and 4 (sometimes 5 on tergite II and X) short rows of barbate trichomes at end of posterior
<normalizedToken originalValue="scale–row">scale-row</normalizedToken>
. The number of scales by row ranges from 29-62 on tergites
<normalizedToken originalValue="II–X">II-X</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="93">
Legs short (Fig. 9A), with 8 articles except on legs 1, 14 and 15; last 2 pairs (14-15) without telotarsus, tarsus II terminated in palettes (Figs 7B, C; 9E, F); palettes covered by numerous cuticular setae of different types (Figs 7B; 9F); apodeme of palettes (pa) and claws (ca) extending into distal part of trochanter and linked to the flexor unguiculi muscle, which allows a great flexibility of the palette of the leg pairs 14 and 15, as well as to the claws of legs 1-13, in accordance with the description given by
<bibRefCitation author="Manton, SM" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" pagination="153 - 187" title="The evolution of arthropodan locomotory mechanisms. - part 5. the structure, habits and evolution of the Pselaphognata (Diplopoda)." volume="43" year="1956">Manton (1956)</bibRefCitation>
for
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polyxenidae" genus="Polyxenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polyxenus lagurus" order="Polyxenida" pageId="8" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lagurus">Polyxenus lagurus</taxonomicName>
. Legs 1-13 with each trochanter, prefemur (Fig. 9B), femur, tibia and tarsus I bearing a single long and very fine seta; seta of second tarsus longer than claw (Fig. 9C). Legs 14 and 15 with only 2 setae on prefemur (Fig. 9E). Telotarsus bearing an anterior process (ap) with spinous projection longer than claw; lamellate process (plp) thickened and basally pleated; claw with 2 subequal, strongly pointed
<normalizedToken originalValue="latero–anterior">latero-anterior</normalizedToken>
and posterior teeth (Fig. 9C, D).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="93">Female: large vulval sacs elongated, reaching as far as fourth pair of legs and bearing numerous small setae inserted in parallel circles and sparse longer setae.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="93">Male: all areas of penis with usual thin cuticular setae and about 15 longer setae (holotype). Coxal glands on legs 7-9.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="93">
Conical telson with a transverse row of 15 (male no. 1), 10 (male no. 16b) or 14 (female no. 20)
<normalizedToken originalValue="scale–shaped">scale-shaped</normalizedToken>
trichomes with each lateral end prolonged by barbate trichomes; long barbate trichomes on distal part.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="93">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="93">
Figure 6.
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Synxenidae" genus="Phryssonotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phryssonotus brevicapensis" order="Polyxenida" pageId="8" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicapensis">Phryssonotus brevicapensis</taxonomicName>
sp. n, habitus, dorsal view, body length: 5 mm. (Photograph by M. Judson).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="93">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="93">
Figure 7.
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Synxenidae" genus="Phryssonotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phryssonotus brevicapensis" order="Polyxenida" pageId="8" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicapensis">Phryssonotus brevicapensis</taxonomicName>
sp. n. A habitus, adult male, ventral view showing 15 pl B detail of a palette of left leg 15 C
<normalizedToken originalValue="postero–ventral">postero-ventral</normalizedToken>
view showing leg pairs 14 and 15 terminating in palettes D detail of scales arranged along posterior margin of tergite. Scale bars: A 1 mm B 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
C, D 100
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="93">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="93">
Figure 8.
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Synxenidae" genus="Phryssonotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phryssonotus brevicapensis" order="Polyxenida" pageId="8" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicapensis">Phryssonotus brevicapensis</taxonomicName>
sp. n. A right ventral part of head of female adult (no. 20) showing the 10 ocelli, dorsal ones shown with dotted lines B right part of the head of holotype showing position of trichobothria ta, tb and tc, long frontal trichome A and short trichomes B1-B5 (only some ocelli drawn) C left antenna of holotype; the posterior sensillum is abnormally bifurcated on article VI D, E antennal sensilla on articles VII and VI of right antenna of holotype F right palp of gnathochilarium of holotype. Abbreviations: a anterior basiconic sensillum c coeloconic sensillum p posterior basiconic sensillum s setiform sensillum; T,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tömösvary’s">Toemoesvary's</normalizedToken>
organ. Scale bars: A, B, C 50
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
; others, 25
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="93">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="93">
Figure 9.
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Synxenidae" genus="Phryssonotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phryssonotus brevicapensis" order="Polyxenida" pageId="8" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicapensis">Phryssonotus brevicapensis</taxonomicName>
sp. n., adult male (no. 1). A right leg 12 B seta of prefemur of right leg 12 C distal part of tarsus II of the right leg 12 D telotarsus of left leg 12 E right leg 15 F distal part of tarsus II and palette of right leg 15. Abbreviations: ap anterior process ca apodeme of claw pa apodeme of palette plp posterior lamellate process t
<normalizedToken originalValue="latero–anterior">latero-anterior</normalizedToken>
and posterior teeth z smooth area. Scale bars: A, E 50
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
; others, 25
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="93" type="subadults">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="93">Subadults.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="93">
1 male, 1 female: Measurements: Body length (without caudal penicil): 3.20 mm (male no. 8) and 3.90 mm (female no. 13); caudal penicil length: 0.90 mm. 14 pairs of legs, the 14th terminating in a palette; 1 pair of
<normalizedToken originalValue="appendage–buds">appendage-buds</normalizedToken>
on lateral side of anal valves, from which 15th pair of legs will develop, the future adult stadia having the leg pair 15 terminating in palettes. Other characters as in adults, except no
<normalizedToken originalValue="scale–row">scale-row</normalizedToken>
on telson.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="93">Male: Coxal glands on legs 7-9.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="93">Female: large vulval sacs elongated, reaching as far as fourth pair of legs.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="93" type="stadium vii">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="93">Stadium VII.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="93">1 female (no. 15) with 12 pl; body length (without caudal penicil): 3.80 mm; caudal penicil length: 0.80 mm; 10 ocelli, vulval sacs elongated, reaching as far as third pair of legs. 2 pairs of external buds.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="93" type="stadium vi">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="93">Stadium VI.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="93">1 juvenile male with 10 pl; body length (without caudal penicil): 3.30 mm; 10 ocelli; rudimentary coxal glands on legs 7 and 8. 2 pairs of external buds.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="93" type="stadium v">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="93">Stadium V.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="93">1 larva with 8 pl; body length (without caudal penicil): 2.70 mm; 9 ocelli. 2 pairs of external buds.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="8" pageNumber="93" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="93">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="8" pageNumber="93">
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Synxenidae" genus="Phryssonotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phryssonotus brevicapensis" order="Polyxenida" pageId="8" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicapensis">Phryssonotus brevicapensis</taxonomicName>
sp. n. exhibits all the general characters usually present in the family
<taxonomicName family="Synxenidae" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="93" rank="family">Synxenidae</taxonomicName>
: long and thin dark barbate trichomes all along the body, tergites covered by tergal
<normalizedToken originalValue="scale–shaped">scale-shaped</normalizedToken>
trichomes that are striated and arranged in 2 transverse rows along all the tergites except the collum; telson subconical; elongated vulvae; and last 2 leg pairs terminating in palettes instead of claws. It also shows the typical structure of the
<normalizedToken originalValue="scale–shaped">scale-shaped</normalizedToken>
trichomes found in the genus
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Synxenidae" genus="Phryssonotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phryssonotus" order="Polyxenida" pageId="8" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phryssonotus</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Synxenidae" genus="Phryssonotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phryssonotus brevicapensis" order="Polyxenida" pageId="8" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicapensis">Phryssonotus brevicapensis</taxonomicName>
sp. n. differs from other members of the genus in having 11 tergites and 15 pl; the last 2 pairs (14th and 15th) terminating in palettes; and males with 3 pairs of coxal glands on legs 7-9. These differences are strongly related to biology and development, and justify the creation of a new species. All other species of
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Synxenidae" genus="Phryssonotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phryssonotus" order="Polyxenida" pageId="8" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phryssonotus</taxonomicName>
have 12 tergites and 17 pairs of legs with the last 2 pairs (16th and 17th) terminating in palettes, and males with 3 pairs of coxal glands on legs 9-11. Due to its shorter length and the position of the coxal glands on legs 7-9, it is similar to
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Synxenidae" genus="Condexenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Condexenus biramipalpus" order="Polyxenida" pageId="8" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biramipalpus">Condexenus biramipalpus</taxonomicName>
. The elongated vulvae (ovipositors) of the females also resemble thos
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="94" start="start">e</pageBreakToken>
of
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Synxenidae" genus="Condexenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Condexenus" order="Polyxenida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Condexenus</taxonomicName>
species in reaching as far as the fourth pair of legs, as opposed to sixth at most in other
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Synxenidae" genus="Phryssonotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phryssonotus" order="Polyxenida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phryssonotus</taxonomicName>
species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="94">
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Synxenidae" genus="Phryssonotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phryssonotus brevicapensis" order="Polyxenida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicapensis">Phryssonotus brevicapensis</taxonomicName>
sp. n. is most closely related to
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Synxenidae" genus="Phryssonotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phryssonotus capensis" order="Polyxenida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">Phryssonotus capensis</taxonomicName>
, in having 10 ocelli and 5 short frontal trichomes B1 to B5,
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Synxenidae" genus="Phryssonotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phryssonotus capensis" order="Polyxenida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">Phryssonotus capensis</taxonomicName>
has 5-6 trichomes B (
<bibRefCitation author="Silvestri, F" journalOrPublisher="Treballs del Museu Ciencias Naturales de Barcelona" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" pagination="5 - 15" title="Notizia della presenza del genere Synxenus (Myriapoda Diplopoda) in Catalogna e descrizione di quattro specie." volume="4" year="1923">Silvestri 1923</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="94">
Following the discovery of
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Synxenidae" genus="Condexenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Condexenus biramipalpus" order="Polyxenida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biramipalpus">Condexenus biramipalpus</taxonomicName>
from Namibia, it is of great interest to add
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Synxenidae" genus="Phryssonotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phryssonotus brevicapensis" order="Polyxenida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicapensis">Phryssonotus brevicapensis</taxonomicName>
sp. n. as the second example of reduction of ring and leg number in the family
<taxonomicName family="Synxenidae" lsidName="" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" rank="family">Synxenidae</taxonomicName>
, whose representatives bear the largest number of segments among the Penicillata. This supports the hypothesis of a trend towards a shortened postembryonic development during the course of evolution of
<taxonomicName genus="Polyxenida" lsidName="Polyxenida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" rank="genus">Polyxenida</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Conde, B" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" pagination="291 - 302" title="Classification actuelle des Diplopodes Penicillates (Myriapodes) avec nouvelles definitions des taxa." volume="133" year="2008">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Condé">Conde</normalizedToken>
1969 and Nguyen
<normalizedToken originalValue="Duy–Jacquemin">Duy-Jacquemin</normalizedToken>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
). The comparison of the pattern of development is emphasised in the improved scheme (Fig. 10), in which the shortest development pattern is seen in
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Lophoproctidae" genus="Lophoturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lophoturus madecassus" order="Polyxenida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madecassus">Lophoturus madecassus</taxonomicName>
(Marquet et
<normalizedToken originalValue="Condé">Conde</normalizedToken>
, 1950). The two new species described in the present work strongly support this evolutionary trend among penicillate families.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="9" pageNumber="94">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="94">
Figure 10. Comparison of segmentation in
<taxonomicName genus="Polyxenida" lsidName="Polyxenida" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" rank="genus">Polyxenida</taxonomicName>
, corrected and improved after
<bibRefCitation author="Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, M" journalOrPublisher="Norwegian Journal of Entomology" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" pagination="237 - 248" title="Condexenus, a new genus of the millipede family Synxenidae (Diplopoda, Polyxenida) from Namibia." volume="53" year="2006">
Nguyen
<normalizedToken originalValue="Duy–Jacquemin">Duy-Jacquemin</normalizedToken>
(2006)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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