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<document id="7441D3E8ECC5E259AD5C71DE9A1085D9" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2025.976.2771" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14603819" ID-ZooBank="4E810C5C-B478-4CDC-8AD3-9B4E65B518C4" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1736153986991" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Reategui, Natália S., Rafael, José A. &amp; da Silva-Neto, Alberto M." docDate="2025" docId="03AE802CFFF8FFB9FDBBFA1BA763F877" docLanguage="en" docName="EJT.2025.976.1-32.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 976" docSource="https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2771/12673" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Neurostigma willkeniae Reategui, Rafael &amp; Silva-Neto, 2025, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="26" masterDocId="FF97F854FFEBFFA0FFE2FFF6A214FF90" masterDocTitle="Neurostigma Enderlein, 1900 (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Epipsocidae) from Brazilian Amazon Rainforest: new species and variations in forewings" masterLastPageNumber="32" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1736154458732" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="829998BC30AAB1FC597FD95C9A8B6594">Neurostigma Enderlein, 1900 (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Epipsocidae) from Brazilian Amazon Rainforest: new species and variations in forewings</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="826170DA271E5598E9B126BAAE1542FB">Reategui, Natália S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C1D20D981395FFF538B18969E2F0015D">Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, CPEN - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, Campus II, Caixa postal 478, CEP 69011 - 97, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B965B19EE58DC1437CE80EF18285772A">Rafael, José A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5B94ED7B4D8D5B7CA17C322663DAD225">Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, CPEN - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, Campus II, Caixa postal 478, CEP 69011 - 97, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="015B7CB431EF891DE5D98B9DA76E3424">da Silva-Neto, Alberto M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0C4225C027633ABD963AEF24E4ACEC66">Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, CPEN - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, Campus II, Caixa postal 478, CEP 69011 - 97, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFF8FFB3FDBBFA1BA1CFF998" blockId="19.[369,1220,1517,1614]" box="[601,987,1517,1544]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<heading id="D0F08656FFF8FFB3FDBBFA1BA1CFF998" box="[601,987,1517,1544]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C074AB9FFF8FFB3FDBBFA1BA16DF998" authorityName="Reategui &amp; Rafael &amp; da Silva-Neto" authorityYear="2025" box="[601,889,1517,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Epipsocidae" genus="Neurostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willkeniae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFF8FFB3FDBBFA1BA16DF998" bold="true" box="[601,889,1517,1544]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Neurostigma willkeniae</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2405053FFF8FFB3FC62FA18A1CFF998" box="[896,987,1518,1544]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFF8FFB3FD3AF9C2A14FF9DE" blockId="19.[369,1220,1517,1614]" box="[728,859,1588,1614]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF8FFB3FD3AF9C2A14FF9DE" box="[728,859,1588,1614]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStart-4="Fig" captionStartId-0="20.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionStartId-1="21.[189,232,1926,1952]" captionStartId-2="22.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionStartId-3="23.[185,228,1173,1199]" captionStartId-4="23.[189,232,2008,2034]" captionTargetBox-0="[213,1386,282,1859]" captionTargetBox-1="[209,1385,1012,1856]" captionTargetBox-2="[215,1389,843,1921]" captionTargetBox-3="[346,1239,265,1123]" captionTargetBox-4="[311,1276,1285,1962]" captionTargetId-0="figure-14@20.[201,1386,265,1881]" captionTargetId-1="figure-178@21.[189,1398,995,1884]" captionTargetId-2="figure-247@22.[189,1398,836,1927]" captionTargetId-3="figure-13@23.[340,1247,265,1134]" captionTargetId-4="figure-12@23.[311,1276,1285,1967]" captionTargetPageId-0="20" captionTargetPageId-1="21" captionTargetPageId-2="22" captionTargetPageId-3="23" captionTargetPageId-4="23" captionText-0="Fig. 18. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Lateral view. B. Thorax and head in lateral view. C. Thorax and head in dorsal view. D. Front view of head. E. Lateral view of head. Scale bars in mm." captionText-1="Fig. 19. Mouthparts of Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Labrum. B. Labium. C. Right maxillary palp. D. Right mandible. E. Left mandible. F. Right lacinia. G. Left lacinia. Scale bars in mm." captionText-2="Fig. 20. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Right forewing. B. Left forewing. C. Right hindwing. D. Left hindwing. E. Right hind leg. Scale bars in mm." captionText-3="Fig. 21. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Hypandrium. B. Right paraproct and epiproct. C. Phallosome. Scale bars in mm." captionText-4="Fig. 22. Geographic distribution of all known species of Neurostigma Enderlein, 1900." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603867" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603869" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603873" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603875" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603877" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14603867/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14603869/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14603873/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/14603875/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/14603877/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs 18–22</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C31D62B1FFF8FFB3FF5FF983A0EBF824" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFF8FFB3FF5FF983A322F91F" blockId="19.[189,310,1653,1679]" box="[189,310,1653,1679]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<heading id="D0F08656FFF8FFB3FF5FF983A322F91F" bold="true" box="[189,310,1653,1679]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFF8FFB3FF5FF983A322F91F" bold="true" box="[189,310,1653,1679]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
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<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFF8FFB3FF5FF952A0EBF824" blockId="19.[188,1401,1700,1973]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
The new species belongs in species group II, of Mendivil-Nieto 
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFF8FFB3FC7DF953A1C6F92E" box="[927,978,1700,1726]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
. (2020). It is similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C074AB9FFF8FFB3FB03F953A33CF971" authorityName="Gonzalez-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; Garcia Aldrete" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Epipsocidae" genus="Neurostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thorntoni">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFF8FFB3FB03F953A33CF971" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Neurostigma thorntoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C074AB9FFF8FFB3FED8F93EA3DCF971" authorityName="Gonzalez-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; Garcia Aldrete" authorityYear="2021" box="[314,456,1735,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Epipsocidae" genus="Neurostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lienhardi">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFF8FFB3FED8F93EA3DCF971" box="[314,456,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">N. lienhardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C074AB9FFF8FFB3FDEFF93EA0B4F971" authorityName="Reategui &amp; Rafael &amp; da Silva-Neto" authorityYear="2025" box="[525,672,1736,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Epipsocidae" genus="Neurostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFF8FFB3FDEFF93EA0B4F971" box="[525,672,1736,1761]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">N. spinosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2405053FFF8FFB3FD4BF93EA11CF972" box="[681,776,1736,1762]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, in having anchor-shaped spines in the endophallus. It is closer to 
<taxonomicName id="4C074AB9FFF8FFB3FE81F91DA07BF894" authorityName="Reategui &amp; Rafael &amp; da Silva-Neto" authorityYear="2025" box="[355,623,1771,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Epipsocidae" genus="Neurostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosum">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFF8FFB3FE81F91DA07BF894" box="[355,623,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Neurostigma spinosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the venation of the forewing, but it differs from it by having a spot between the base of the pterostigma and the Rs vein (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF8FFB3FC82F8FBA1FAF8B8" box="[864,1006,1805,1832]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[215,1389,843,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-247@22.[189,1398,836,1927]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 20. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Right forewing. B. Left forewing. C. Right hindwing. D. Left hindwing. E. Right hind leg. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603873/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 20A–B</figureCitation>
), and by having a robust posterior process of the aedeagal arch, with a slight indentation of the inner margin, and an abrupt relief on the external margin (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF8FFB3FE6AF8A2A3E1F8FE" box="[392,501,1876,1902]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[185,228,1173,1199]" captionTargetBox="[346,1239,265,1123]" captionTargetId="figure-13@23.[340,1247,265,1134]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 21. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Hypandrium. B. Right paraproct and epiproct. C. Phallosome. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603875/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 21C</figureCitation>
). The anterior region of the endophallus has a slight central indentation, and a field of spines close to the posterolateral margins with numerous small spines on the posterior edges, separated by a large membranous area (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF8FFB3FD6AF86CA0E6F824" box="[648,754,1946,1972]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[185,228,1173,1199]" captionTargetBox="[346,1239,265,1123]" captionTargetId="figure-13@23.[340,1247,265,1134]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 21. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Hypandrium. B. Right paraproct and epiproct. C. Phallosome. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603875/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 21C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFFFFFB4FF5FF87EA3C2F879" blockId="20.[188,1399,1928,2025]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFFFFB4FF5FF87EA30EF832" bold="true" box="[189,282,1928,1954]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 18.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C074AB9FFFFFFB4FEC3F87FA02CF832" authorityName="Reategui &amp; Rafael &amp; da Silva-Neto" authorityYear="2025" box="[289,568,1928,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Epipsocidae" genus="Neurostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willkeniae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFFFFB4FEC3F87FA02CF832" box="[289,568,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Neurostigma willkeniae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2405053FFFFFFB4FDDDF87EA088F832" box="[575,668,1928,1954]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). 
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFFFFB4FBDEF87EA645F832" bold="true" box="[1084,1105,1928,1954]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A</emphasis>
. Lateral view. 
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFFFFB4FAE2F87EA700F832" bold="true" box="[1280,1300,1928,1954]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">B</emphasis>
. Thorax and head in lateral view. 
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFFFFB4FE07F85DA3EEF855" bold="true" box="[485,506,1963,1989]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">C</emphasis>
. Thorax and head in dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFFFFB4FC6EF85DA1B5F855" bold="true" box="[908,929,1963,1989]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">D</emphasis>
. Front view of head. 
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFFFFB4FB42F85DA6A7F855" bold="true" box="[1184,1203,1963,1989]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">E</emphasis>
. Lateral view of head. Scale bars in mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C31D62B1FFFEFFB5FF5FFEFFA0EFFE07" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFFEFFB5FF5FFEFFA350FEB3" blockId="21.[189,324,265,291]" box="[189,324,265,291]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="D0F08656FFFEFFB5FF5FFEFFA350FEB3" bold="true" box="[189,324,265,291]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFEFFB5FF5FFEFFA350FEB3" bold="true" box="[189,324,265,291]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFFEFFB5FF5FFEC1A0EFFE07" blockId="21.[189,1399,311,407]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
This species is dedicated to Dr Dayse Willkenia Almeida Marques, from the Brazilian Institute of the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA), in recognition of her enthusiasm in deciphering the female genitalia of 
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFEFFB5FDBFFE88A0EFFE07" box="[605,763,382,407]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="4C074AB9FFFEFFB5FDBFFE88A0E3FE07" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1900" box="[605,759,382,407]" class="Insecta" family="Epipsocidae" genus="Neurostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neurostigma</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31D62B1FFFEFFB5FF5FFE4BA0BFFDD5" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFFEFFB5FF5FFE4BA378FE46" blockId="21.[189,364,444,471]" box="[189,364,444,471]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="D0F08656FFFEFFB5FF5FFE4BA378FE46" bold="true" box="[189,364,444,471]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFEFFB5FF5FFE4BA378FE46" bold="true" box="[189,364,444,471]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Type material</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFFEFFB5FF08FE1FA348FD93" blockId="21.[188,1399,489,582]" box="[234,348,489,515]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFEFFB5FF08FE1FA348FD93" bold="true" box="[234,348,489,515]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<typeStatus id="54BC8F98FFFEFFB5FF08FE1FA348FD93" box="[234,348,489,515]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFFEFFB5FF5FFDFCA0BFFDD5" blockId="21.[188,1399,489,582]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<materialsCitation id="3B6F3B67FFFEFFB5FF5FFDFCA0BFFDD5" collectingDate="2013-04-09" collectionCode="INPA" collectorName="J. A. Rafael" country="Brazil" latitude="-2.9633334" location="Amazonas" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-59.922836" municipality="Presidente Figueiredo" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCode="INPA-PSO 000038" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="F31071AAFFFEFFB5FF5FFDFCA332FDB4" box="[189,294,522,548]" name="Brazil" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
• 
<specimenCount id="9D01FAB3FFFEFFB5FEDEFDFDA341FDB5" box="[316,341,523,549]" count="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
; 
<location id="8ED867E1FFFEFFB5FEBDFDFCA3CAFDB4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AE802CFFF8FFB9FDBBFA1BA763F877:8ED867E1FFFEFFB5FEBDFDFCA3CAFDB4" box="[351,478,522,548]" country="Brazil" latitude="-2.9633334" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-59.922836" municipality="Presidente Figueiredo" name="Amazonas" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Amazonas</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BDCAB40FFFEFFB5FE0AFDFCA0FFFDB4" box="[488,747,522,548]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Presidente Figueiredo</collectingMunicipality>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3357FDFFFEFFB5FD17FDFFA18DFDB4" box="[757,921,521,549]" degrees="02" direction="south" minutes="57" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" seconds="48.0" value="-2.9633334">02°57′48.0″ S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3357FDFFFEFFB5FC47FDFFA641FDB5" box="[933,1109,521,549]" degrees="59" direction="west" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" seconds="22.2" value="-59.922836">59°55′22.2″ W</geoCoordinate>
; 
<date id="FFB917FAFFFEFFB5FB82FDFCA6FEFDB4" box="[1120,1258,522,548]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2013-04-09">
<collectingDate id="EFFDEE12FFFEFFB5FB82FDFCA6FEFDB4" box="[1120,1258,522,548]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2013-04-09">9 Apr. 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
; 
<collectorName id="26F254ECFFFEFFB5FB17FDFCA763FDB4" box="[1269,1399,522,548]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">J.A. Rafael</collectorName>
leg.; 
<collectingMethod id="5246492DFFFEFFB5FF1AFDDDA372FDD6" box="[248,358,555,582]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">light trap</collectingMethod>
; 
<collectionCode id="ED16A9FFFFFEFFB5FE90FDDDA3A3FDD5" box="[370,439,555,581]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">INPA</collectionCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="DBA19941FFFEFFB5FE20FDDDA0B3FDD5" box="[450,679,555,581]" collectionCode="INPA-PSO" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">INPA-PSO 000038</specimenCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31D62B1FFFEFFB8FF5FFD9CA385FD54" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFFEFFB5FF5FFD9CA35AFD14" blockId="21.[189,334,618,644]" box="[189,334,618,644]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="D0F08656FFFEFFB5FF5FFD9CA35AFD14" bold="true" box="[189,334,618,644]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFEFFB5FF5FFD9CA35AFD14" bold="true" box="[189,334,618,644]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFFEFFB5FF08FD61A33EFD21" blockId="21.[187,1401,663,921]" box="[234,298,663,689]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFEFFB5FF08FD61A33EFD21" bold="true" box="[234,298,663,689]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Male</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFFEFFB6FF5FFD4EA772FE37" blockId="21.[187,1401,663,921]" lastBlockId="22.[187,1399,265,424]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<smallCapsWord id="8D5EA7E6FFFEFFB5FF5FFD4EA35CFD41" baselines="715,716" box="[189,328,696,722]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Coloration" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">COLORATION</smallCapsWord>
. Head uniformly pale yellow; lateral areas of head light yellow; compound eyes black, ocelli hyaline with ochre centripetal crescents (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFEFFB5FD06FD2FA167FD63" box="[740,883,729,755]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[213,1386,282,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-14@20.[201,1386,265,1881]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 18. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Lateral view. B. Thorax and head in lateral view. C. Thorax and head in dorsal view. D. Front view of head. E. Lateral view of head. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603867/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 18A–E</figureCitation>
). Scape, pedicels and flagellomeres hyaline. Clypeus light yellow (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFEFFB5FE5FFD0CA03CFC84" box="[445,552,762,788]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[213,1386,282,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-14@20.[201,1386,265,1881]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 18. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Lateral view. B. Thorax and head in lateral view. C. Thorax and head in dorsal view. D. Front view of head. E. Lateral view of head. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603867/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 18D</figureCitation>
), labrum hyaline with dark brown labral sclerites (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFEFFB5FB8EFD0CA6C3FC84" box="[1132,1239,762,788]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[209,1385,1012,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-178@21.[189,1398,995,1884]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 19. Mouthparts of Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Labrum. B. Labium. C. Right maxillary palp. D. Right mandible. E. Left mandible. F. Right lacinia. G. Left lacinia. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603869/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 19A</figureCitation>
), labium with light brown prementum, with labial palpi, paraglossas and glossas light brown (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFEFFB5FB9AFCEDA6F1FCA5" box="[1144,1253,795,821]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[209,1385,1012,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-178@21.[189,1398,995,1884]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 19. Mouthparts of Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Labrum. B. Labium. C. Right maxillary palp. D. Right mandible. E. Left mandible. F. Right lacinia. G. Left lacinia. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603869/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 19B</figureCitation>
), mandibles hyaline with yellowish and brownish ends (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFEFFB5FD24FCCAA141FCC6" box="[710,853,828,854]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[209,1385,1012,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-178@21.[189,1398,995,1884]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 19. Mouthparts of Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Labrum. B. Labium. C. Right maxillary palp. D. Right mandible. E. Left mandible. F. Right lacinia. G. Left lacinia. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603869/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 19D–E</figureCitation>
), laciniae hyaline with yellowish distal region (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFEFFB5FF25FCABA342FCE7" box="[199,342,861,887]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[209,1385,1012,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-178@21.[189,1398,995,1884]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 19. Mouthparts of Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Labrum. B. Labium. C. Right maxillary palp. D. Right mandible. E. Left mandible. F. Right lacinia. G. Left lacinia. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603869/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 19F–G</figureCitation>
). Tergal lobes of mesothorax hyaline, tergal lobes of metathorax dark brown (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFEFFB5FB1FFCABA77EFCE7" box="[1277,1386,861,887]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[213,1386,282,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-14@20.[201,1386,265,1881]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 18. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Lateral view. B. Thorax and head in lateral view. C. Thorax and head in dorsal view. D. Front view of head. E. Lateral view of head. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603867/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 18C</figureCitation>
), thoracic pleura hyaline (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFEFFB5FE34FC88A029FC09" box="[470,573,894,921]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[213,1386,282,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-14@20.[201,1386,265,1881]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 18. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Lateral view. B. Thorax and head in lateral view. C. Thorax and head in dorsal view. D. Front view of head. E. Lateral view of head. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603867/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig.18B</figureCitation>
). Forewings with three light brown spots, first in medial region between CuP and M+Cu veins, second in basal region of bifurcation of M+Cu veins, third in basal region between base of pterostigma and Rs vein (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFDFFB6FDDFFEDCA0D9FED4" box="[573,717,298,324]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[215,1389,843,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-247@22.[189,1398,836,1927]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 20. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Right forewing. B. Left forewing. C. Right hindwing. D. Left hindwing. E. Right hind leg. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603873/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 20A–B</figureCitation>
); hindwings with brownish spots in basal region from vein A to CuP (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFDFFB6FEA3FEBDA3C1FEF5" box="[321,469,331,357]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[215,1389,843,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-247@22.[189,1398,836,1927]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 20. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Right forewing. B. Left forewing. C. Right hindwing. D. Left hindwing. E. Right hind leg. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603873/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 20C–D</figureCitation>
). Legs thighs yellowish, trochanters light brown, femurs with blackish spots basally, and rounded black spots medially and distally (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFDFFB6FCACFE9AA1AEFE16" box="[846,954,364,390]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[215,1389,843,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-247@22.[189,1398,836,1927]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 20. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Right forewing. B. Left forewing. C. Right hindwing. D. Left hindwing. E. Right hind leg. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603873/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 20E</figureCitation>
), tibiae with two rounded black spots distally, tarsomeres 1 dark brown, tarsomeres 2 dark brown (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFDFFB6FC6CFE7BA1ECFE37" box="[910,1016,397,423]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[215,1389,843,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-247@22.[189,1398,836,1927]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 20. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Right forewing. B. Left forewing. C. Right hindwing. D. Left hindwing. E. Right hind leg. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603873/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 20E</figureCitation>
). Abdomen hyaline (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFDFFB6FB09FE7BA74DFE37" box="[1259,1369,397,423]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[213,1386,282,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-14@20.[201,1386,265,1881]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 18. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Lateral view. B. Thorax and head in lateral view. C. Thorax and head in dorsal view. D. Front view of head. E. Lateral view of head. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603867/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 18A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7861B2FFFEFFB5FF5FF870A3F8F878" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603869" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14603869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603869/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" startId="21.[189,232,1926,1952]" targetBox="[209,1385,1012,1856]" targetPageId="21">
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFFEFFB5FF5FF870A3F8F878" blockId="21.[189,1399,1926,2024]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFEFFB5FF5FF870A30EF831" bold="true" box="[189,282,1926,1953]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 19.</emphasis>
Mouthparts of 
<taxonomicName id="4C074AB9FFFEFFB5FE33F87EA0FCF831" authorityName="Reategui &amp; Rafael &amp; da Silva-Neto" authorityYear="2025" box="[465,744,1927,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Epipsocidae" genus="Neurostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willkeniae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFEFFB5FE33F87EA0FCF831" box="[465,744,1927,1953]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Neurostigma willkeniae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2405053FFFEFFB5FD0DF871A158F831" box="[751,844,1927,1953]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). 
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFEFFB5FB0CF870A717F830" bold="true" box="[1262,1283,1926,1952]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A</emphasis>
. Labrum. 
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFEFFB5FF5FF85CA2C4F854" bold="true" box="[189,208,1962,1988]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">B</emphasis>
. Labium. 
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFEFFB5FEADF85CA370F854" bold="true" box="[335,356,1962,1988]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">C</emphasis>
. Right maxillary palp. 
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFEFFB5FD9DF85CA080F854" bold="true" box="[639,660,1962,1988]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">D</emphasis>
. Right mandible. 
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFEFFB5FC92F85CA190F854" bold="true" box="[880,900,1962,1988]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">E</emphasis>
. Left mandible. 
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFEFFB5FBADF85CA675F854" bold="true" box="[1103,1121,1962,1988]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">F</emphasis>
. Right lacinia. 
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFEFFB5FAFFF85CA720F854" bold="true" box="[1309,1332,1962,1988]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">G</emphasis>
. Left lacinia. Scale bars in mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFFDFFB8FF5FFE3BA649FE58" blockId="22.[189,1400,460,785]" lastBlockId="24.[189,1399,265,457]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<smallCapsWord id="8D5EA7E6FFFDFFB6FF5FFE3BA343FE75" baselines="480,480" box="[189,343,461,487]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Morphology" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">MORPHOLOGY</smallCapsWord>
. Head with macrosetae, more concentrated on vertex (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFDFFB6FBE8FE3AA68AFE77" box="[1034,1182,460,487]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[213,1386,282,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-14@20.[201,1386,265,1881]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 18. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Lateral view. B. Thorax and head in lateral view. C. Thorax and head in dorsal view. D. Front view of head. E. Lateral view of head. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603867/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 18D–E</figureCitation>
), compound eyes large, widely separated, laterally rounded in shape (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFDFFB6FCDCFE18A1C5FD98" box="[830,977,494,520]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[213,1386,282,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-14@20.[201,1386,265,1881]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 18. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Lateral view. B. Thorax and head in lateral view. C. Thorax and head in dorsal view. D. Front view of head. E. Lateral view of head. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603867/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 18D–E</figureCitation>
), vertex bilobed, approximately at same level as upper border of compound eyes (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFDFFB6FD04FDF9A147FDB9" box="[742,851,527,553]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[213,1386,282,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-14@20.[201,1386,265,1881]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 18. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Lateral view. B. Thorax and head in lateral view. C. Thorax and head in dorsal view. D. Front view of head. E. Lateral view of head. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603867/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 18D</figureCitation>
). Labium with prementum narrow, labial palpi with round shape, paraglossa with round shape, glossa slender (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFDFFB6FC26FDC6A626FDDA" box="[964,1074,560,586]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[209,1385,1012,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-178@21.[189,1398,995,1884]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 19. Mouthparts of Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Labrum. B. Labium. C. Right maxillary palp. D. Right mandible. E. Left mandible. F. Right lacinia. G. Left lacinia. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603869/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 19B</figureCitation>
). Mandibles asymmetrical, elongate and with outer margin angled (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFDFFB6FD72FDA7A10BFDFB" box="[656,799,593,619]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[209,1385,1012,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-178@21.[189,1398,995,1884]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 19. Mouthparts of Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Labrum. B. Labium. C. Right maxillary palp. D. Right mandible. E. Left mandible. F. Right lacinia. G. Left lacinia. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603869/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 19D–E</figureCitation>
), outer cusp of lacinial tip broad, with eight to nine denticles (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFDFFB6FED5FD84A3D2FD1C" box="[311,454,626,652]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[209,1385,1012,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-178@21.[189,1398,995,1884]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 19. Mouthparts of Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Labrum. B. Labium. C. Right maxillary palp. D. Right mandible. E. Left mandible. F. Right lacinia. G. Left lacinia. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603869/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 19F–G</figureCitation>
). Tergal lobes with setae (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFDFFB6FD1DFD84A178FD1C" box="[767,876,626,652]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[213,1386,282,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-14@20.[201,1386,265,1881]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 18. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Lateral view. B. Thorax and head in lateral view. C. Thorax and head in dorsal view. D. Front view of head. E. Lateral view of head. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603867/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 18C</figureCitation>
). Forewings with many setae, especially on margins; right forewing pterostigma with four crossveins (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFDFFB6FC63FD65A1E6FD3D" box="[897,1010,659,685]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[215,1389,843,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-247@22.[189,1398,836,1927]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 20. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Right forewing. B. Left forewing. C. Right hindwing. D. Left hindwing. E. Right hind leg. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603873/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 20A</figureCitation>
); left forewing pterostigma with six crossveins (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFDFFB6FE96FD42A3F6FD5E" box="[372,482,692,718]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[215,1389,843,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-247@22.[189,1398,836,1927]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 20. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Right forewing. B. Left forewing. C. Right hindwing. D. Left hindwing. E. Right hind leg. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603873/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 20B</figureCitation>
); M vein before its first bifurcation abruptly concave U-shape (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFDFFB6FB3AFD42A77EFD5E" box="[1240,1386,692,718]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[215,1389,843,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-247@22.[189,1398,836,1927]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 20. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Right forewing. B. Left forewing. C. Right hindwing. D. Left hindwing. E. Right hind leg. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603873/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 20A–B</figureCitation>
). Hindwing with R 
<subScript id="1783337FFFFDFFB6FE64FD1EA3B5FD66" attach="left" box="[390,417,744,758]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">2+3</subScript>
and R 
<subScript id="1783337FFFFDFFB6FE09FD1EA011FD66" attach="left" box="[491,517,744,758]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">4+5</subScript>
almost straight, M sinuous (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFDFFB6FCAFFD23A1C8FD7F" box="[845,988,725,751]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[215,1389,843,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-247@22.[189,1398,836,1927]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 20. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Right forewing. B. Left forewing. C. Right hindwing. D. Left hindwing. E. Right hind leg. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603873/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 20C–D</figureCitation>
). Hypandrium with abundant setae, distally rounded, gently concave, wirh sides not angled, more sclerotized on sides (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFDFFB6FB69FD00A6ECFC80" box="[1163,1272,758,784]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[185,228,1173,1199]" captionTargetBox="[346,1239,265,1123]" captionTargetId="figure-13@23.[340,1247,265,1134]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 21. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Hypandrium. B. Right paraproct and epiproct. C. Phallosome. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603875/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 21A</figureCitation>
). Posterior process of aedeagal arch with slight indentation of inner margin, with abrupt relief on external margin (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF3FFB8FF25FEDCA325FED4" box="[199,305,298,324]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[185,228,1173,1199]" captionTargetBox="[346,1239,265,1123]" captionTargetId="figure-13@23.[340,1247,265,1134]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 21. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Hypandrium. B. Right paraproct and epiproct. C. Phallosome. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603875/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 21C</figureCitation>
); anterior region of endophallus with slight central indentation, with a field of spines, close to posterolateral margins with numerous small spines on posterior edges, separated by large membranous area (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF3FFB8FEE6FE9AA361FE16" box="[260,373,364,390]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[185,228,1173,1199]" captionTargetBox="[346,1239,265,1123]" captionTargetId="figure-13@23.[340,1247,265,1134]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 21. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Hypandrium. B. Right paraproct and epiproct. C. Phallosome. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603875/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 21C</figureCitation>
). Epiproct with concave posterior margin, with field of microsetae in distal region (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF3FFB8FF24FE7BA327FE37" box="[198,307,397,423]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[185,228,1173,1199]" captionTargetBox="[346,1239,265,1123]" captionTargetId="figure-13@23.[340,1247,265,1134]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 21. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Hypandrium. B. Right paraproct and epiproct. C. Phallosome. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603875/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 21B</figureCitation>
). Paraproct with narrow base, widening distally, with straight distal region, with microsetae field towards outer margin, sensory fields with 38–39 basal rosettes (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF3FFB8FC06FE58A644FE58" box="[996,1104,430,456]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[185,228,1173,1199]" captionTargetBox="[346,1239,265,1123]" captionTargetId="figure-13@23.[340,1247,265,1134]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 21. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Hypandrium. B. Right paraproct and epiproct. C. Phallosome. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603875/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 21B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7861B2FFFDFFB6FF5FF85DA6B0F879" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603873" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14603873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603873/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" startId="22.[189,232,1963,1989]" targetBox="[215,1389,843,1921]" targetPageId="22">
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFFDFFB6FF5FF85DA6B0F879" blockId="22.[189,1399,1963,2025]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFDFFB6FF5FF85DA30FF855" bold="true" box="[189,283,1963,1989]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 20.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C074AB9FFFDFFB6FEC0F85AA02DF855" authorityName="Reategui &amp; Rafael &amp; da Silva-Neto" authorityYear="2025" box="[290,569,1963,1989]" class="Insecta" family="Epipsocidae" genus="Neurostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willkeniae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFDFFB6FEC0F85AA02DF855" box="[290,569,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Neurostigma willkeniae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2405053FFFDFFB6FDDDF85AA089F856" box="[575,669,1964,1990]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). 
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFDFFB6FBDCF85DA647F855" bold="true" box="[1086,1107,1963,1989]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A</emphasis>
. Right forewing. 
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFDFFB6FAC1F85DA723F855" bold="true" box="[1315,1335,1963,1989]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">B</emphasis>
. Left forewing. 
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFDFFB6FED4F838A35FF878" bold="true" box="[310,331,1998,2024]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C</emphasis>
. Right hindwing. 
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFDFFB6FDFDF838A020F878" bold="true" box="[543,564,1998,2024]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">D</emphasis>
. Left hindwing. 
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFDFFB6FD1BF838A119F878" bold="true" box="[761,781,1998,2024]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">E</emphasis>
. Right hind leg. Scale bars in mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7861B2FFFCFFB7FF5BFB63A14AFB43" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603875" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14603875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603875/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" startId="23.[185,228,1173,1199]" targetBox="[346,1239,265,1123]" targetPageId="23">
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFFCFFB7FF5BFB63A14AFB43" blockId="23.[185,1394,1173,1235]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFCFFB7FF5BFB63A30CFB3F" bold="true" box="[185,280,1173,1199]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 21.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C074AB9FFFCFFB7FEC3FB60A02DFB3F" authorityName="Reategui &amp; Rafael &amp; da Silva-Neto" authorityYear="2025" box="[289,569,1173,1199]" class="Insecta" family="Epipsocidae" genus="Neurostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willkeniae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFCFFB7FEC3FB60A02DFB3F" box="[289,569,1173,1199]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Neurostigma willkeniae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2405053FFFCFFB7FDA2FB60A08AFB20" box="[576,670,1174,1200]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). 
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFCFFB7FBA7FB63A64EFB3F" bold="true" box="[1093,1114,1173,1199]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A</emphasis>
. Hypandrium. 
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFCFFB7FAECFB63A736FB3F" bold="true" box="[1294,1314,1173,1199]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">B</emphasis>
. Right paraproct and epiproct. 
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFCFFB7FE32FB4EA3F1FB42" bold="true" box="[464,485,1208,1234]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">C</emphasis>
. Phallosome. Scale bars in mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7861B2FFFCFFB7FF5FF82EA6ADF863" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603877" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14603877" box="[189,1209,2008,2035]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603877/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" startId="23.[189,232,2008,2034]" targetBox="[311,1276,1285,1962]" targetPageId="23">
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFFCFFB7FF5FF82EA6ADF863" blockId="23.[189,1209,2008,2035]" box="[189,1209,2008,2035]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFCFFB7FF5FF82EA30FF862" bold="true" box="[189,283,2008,2034]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 22.</emphasis>
Geographic distribution of all known species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C074AB9FFFCFFB7FCBAF82FA6A0F863" authority="Enderlein, 1900" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1900" box="[856,1204,2008,2035]" class="Insecta" family="Epipsocidae" genus="Neurostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFCFFB7FCBAF82FA1FAF862" box="[856,1006,2009,2034]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Neurostigma</emphasis>
Enderlein, 1900
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFF3FFB8FF5FFE06A049FDBD" blockId="24.[189,1399,495,557]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<smallCapsWord id="8D5EA7E6FFF3FFB8FF5FFE06A37AFD98" baselines="515,515" box="[189,366,496,522]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Measurements" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">MEASUREMENTS</smallCapsWord>
(in μm). FW: 3658, HW: 2661, F: 627, T: 788, t1: 284, t2: 145, 
<collectingCountry id="F31071AAFFF3FFB8FB8EFE19A6B4FD99" box="[1132,1184,495,521]" name="Mexico" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">MX</collectingCountry>
2: 113, 
<collectingCountry id="F31071AAFFF3FFB8FB17FE19A73CFD99" box="[1269,1320,495,521]" name="Mexico" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">MX</collectingCountry>
4: 226, IO: 503, D: 245, d: 184, PO: 0.751.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFF3FFB8FF5FFDA3A02EFDE1" blockId="24.[189,570,596,625]" box="[189,570,596,625]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFF3FFB8FF5FFDA3A02EFDE1" bold="true" box="[189,570,596,625]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
Key to males of 
<taxonomicName id="4C074AB9FFF3FFB8FE6DFDA3A02EFDE1" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1900" box="[399,570,597,625]" class="Insecta" family="Epipsocidae" genus="Neurostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neurostigma</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFF3FFB8FF5FFD7FA385FD54" blockId="24.[189,1398,648,708]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="4C074AB9FFF3FFB8FF5FFD7FA3F0FD32" authorityName="Badonnel" authorityYear="1986" box="[189,484,648,674]" class="Insecta" family="Epipsocidae" genus="Neurostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcivenula">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFF3FFB8FF5FFD7FA3F0FD32" box="[189,484,648,674]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Neurostigma furcivenula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C074AB9FFF3FFB8FDC7FD7FA118FD32" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1900" box="[549,780,648,674]" class="Insecta" family="Epipsocidae" genus="Neurostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chaetocephalum">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFF3FFB8FDC7FD7FA118FD32" box="[549,780,648,674]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">N. chaetocephalum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are excluded from the key as their male genitalia remain unknown..
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31D62B1FFF3FFB8FF5FFD1CA763FAAD" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="key">
<key id="FF96660BFFF3FFB8FF5FFD1CA763FB4A" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<keyStep id="30F3299FFFF3FFB8FF5FFD1CA763FCFB" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFF3FFB8FF5FFD1CA763FCB6" blockId="24.[189,1399,746,875]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<keyLead id="30F6920FFFF3FFB8FF5FFD1CA763FCB6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
1. Forewing with areola postica fused with M; M vein concave with a V-shape before bifurcation (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF3FFB8FF11FCFAA396FCB6" box="[243,386,780,806]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1540,1566]" captionTargetBox="[365,1225,294,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-14@26.[360,1226,265,1499]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 23. Forewings of Neurostigma spp., ♂. A. N. valderramae González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 25). B. N. mockfordi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 7). C. N. radiatum Mockford, 1991 (photo of the forewing from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000166). D. N. paucivenosum New, 1980 (photo of the forewing from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000165). E. N. newi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 13). F. N. lienhardi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adaptaded from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 1). G. N. roesleri New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024: fig. 18d; INPA-PSO 000029). H. N. xanthopterum New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022b: fig. 10c; INPA-PSO 000164). I. N. xanthopterum (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022b: fig. 10d; INPA-PSO 000164). J. N. atlanticum Reategui, Rafael &amp; Silva-Neto, 2022 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022a; fig. 3). K. N. enderleini New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024: fig. 1b; INPA-PSO 000163)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603879/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 23H–K</figureCitation>
) ..................................................................................................................................... 2
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFF3FFB8FF23FCD9A763FCFB" blockId="24.[189,1399,746,875]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<keyLead id="30F6920FFFF3FFB8FF23FCD9A763FCFB" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
– Forewing with areola postica free, not fused with M; M vein concave with a U-shape before bifurcation (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF3FFB8FE99FCA7A3EAFCFB" box="[379,510,849,875]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1922,1948]" captionTargetBox="[195,1398,770,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-188@5.[189,1398,758,1883]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Neurostigma alfonsoi sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000030). A. Right forewing. B. Left forewing. C. Right hindwing. D. Left hindwing. E. Right front leg. F. Right medial leg. G. Right hind leg. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603829" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603829/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 3A–B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF3FFB8FDE9FCA7A047FCFB" box="[523,595,849,875]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1962,1988]" captionTargetBox="[213,1372,1421,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-15@10.[189,1398,1415,1919]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 8. Neurostigma angelicum sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000035). A. Right forewing. B. Left forewing. C. Right hindwing. D. Left hindwing. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603847" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603847/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">8A–B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF3FFB8FD82FCA7A0A3FCFB" box="[608,695,849,875]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[191,234,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[193,1395,879,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-237@14.[189,1398,867,1883]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 12. Neurostigma patriciae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000036). A. Right forewing. B. Left forewing. C. Right hindwing. D. Left hindwing. E. Right front leg. F. Right medial leg. G. Right hind leg. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603855/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">12A–B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF3FFB8FD21FCA7A10EFCFB" box="[707,794,849,875]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1447,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-55@18.[189,1398,1428,1916]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 16. Neurostigma spinosum sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000037). A. Right forewing. B. Left forewing. C. Right hindwing. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603863/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">16A–B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF3FFB8FCC4FCA7A16AFCFB" box="[806,894,849,875]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[215,1389,843,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-247@22.[189,1398,836,1927]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 20. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Right forewing. B. Left forewing. C. Right hindwing. D. Left hindwing. E. Right hind leg. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603873/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">20A–B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF3FFB8FC68FCA7A1F5FCFB" box="[906,993,849,875]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1540,1566]" captionTargetBox="[365,1225,294,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-14@26.[360,1226,265,1499]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 23. Forewings of Neurostigma spp., ♂. A. N. valderramae González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 25). B. N. mockfordi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 7). C. N. radiatum Mockford, 1991 (photo of the forewing from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000166). D. N. paucivenosum New, 1980 (photo of the forewing from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000165). E. N. newi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 13). F. N. lienhardi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adaptaded from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 1). G. N. roesleri New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024: fig. 18d; INPA-PSO 000029). H. N. xanthopterum New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022b: fig. 10c; INPA-PSO 000164). I. N. xanthopterum (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022b: fig. 10d; INPA-PSO 000164). J. N. atlanticum Reategui, Rafael &amp; Silva-Neto, 2022 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022a; fig. 3). K. N. enderleini New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024: fig. 1b; INPA-PSO 000163)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603879/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">23A–G</figureCitation>
) .................................................. 4
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30F3299FFFF3FFB8FF5FFC67A763FC7F" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFF3FFB8FF5FFC67A763FC3B" blockId="24.[189,1399,912,1008]" box="[189,1399,912,940]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<keyLead id="30F6920FFFF3FFB8FF5FFC67A763FC3B" box="[189,1399,912,940]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
2. Proximal half of forewing homogeneously pigmented (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF3FFB8FC92FC67A1CEFC3B" box="[880,986,913,939]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1540,1566]" captionTargetBox="[365,1225,294,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-14@26.[360,1226,265,1499]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 23. Forewings of Neurostigma spp., ♂. A. N. valderramae González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 25). B. N. mockfordi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 7). C. N. radiatum Mockford, 1991 (photo of the forewing from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000166). D. N. paucivenosum New, 1980 (photo of the forewing from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000165). E. N. newi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 13). F. N. lienhardi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adaptaded from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 1). G. N. roesleri New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024: fig. 18d; INPA-PSO 000029). H. N. xanthopterum New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022b: fig. 10c; INPA-PSO 000164). I. N. xanthopterum (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022b: fig. 10d; INPA-PSO 000164). J. N. atlanticum Reategui, Rafael &amp; Silva-Neto, 2022 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022a; fig. 3). K. N. enderleini New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024: fig. 1b; INPA-PSO 000163)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603879/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 23K</figureCitation>
) .............. 
<taxonomicName id="4C074AB9FFF3FFB8FBB0FC67A763FC3B" ID-CoL="6RY32" authority="New, 1980" authorityName="New" authorityYear="1980" box="[1106,1399,912,940]" class="Insecta" family="Epipsocidae" genus="Neurostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="enderleini">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFF3FFB8FBB0FC67A6E4FC3B" bold="true" box="[1106,1264,912,939]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">N. enderleini</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF964CCBFFF3FFB8FB1AFC64A763FC3B" author="New T. R." box="[1272,1399,913,940]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="179 - 206" refId="ref10994" refString="New T. R. 1980. Epipsocetae (Psocoptera) from the Reserva Ducke, Amazonas. Acta Amazonica 10 (1): 179 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 1809 - 43921980101179" type="journal article" year="1980">New, 1980</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFF3FFB8FF23FC42A763FC7F" blockId="24.[189,1399,912,1008]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<keyLead id="30F6920FFFF3FFB8FF23FC42A763FC7F" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
– Proximal half of forewing not homogeneously pigmented, with some areas having lighter pigmentation and other areas having distinctly darker pigmentation (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF3FFB8FBECFC23A687FC7F" box="[1038,1171,981,1007]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1540,1566]" captionTargetBox="[365,1225,294,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-14@26.[360,1226,265,1499]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 23. Forewings of Neurostigma spp., ♂. A. N. valderramae González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 25). B. N. mockfordi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 7). C. N. radiatum Mockford, 1991 (photo of the forewing from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000166). D. N. paucivenosum New, 1980 (photo of the forewing from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000165). E. N. newi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 13). F. N. lienhardi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adaptaded from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 1). G. N. roesleri New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024: fig. 18d; INPA-PSO 000029). H. N. xanthopterum New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022b: fig. 10c; INPA-PSO 000164). I. N. xanthopterum (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022b: fig. 10d; INPA-PSO 000164). J. N. atlanticum Reategui, Rafael &amp; Silva-Neto, 2022 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022a; fig. 3). K. N. enderleini New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024: fig. 1b; INPA-PSO 000163)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603879/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 23H–J</figureCitation>
) ......................... 3
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30F3299FFFF3FFB8FF5FFBE0A763FB4A" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFF3FFB8FF5FFBE0A763FBE4" blockId="24.[189,1399,1046,1243]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<keyLead id="30F6920FFFF3FFB8FF5FFBE0A763FBE4" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
3. Large irregular dark brown spots from base of pterostigma to CuP (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF3FFB8FBEAFBE0A67CFBA0" box="[1032,1128,1046,1072]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1540,1566]" captionTargetBox="[365,1225,294,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-14@26.[360,1226,265,1499]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 23. Forewings of Neurostigma spp., ♂. A. N. valderramae González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 25). B. N. mockfordi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 7). C. N. radiatum Mockford, 1991 (photo of the forewing from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000166). D. N. paucivenosum New, 1980 (photo of the forewing from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000165). E. N. newi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 13). F. N. lienhardi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adaptaded from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 1). G. N. roesleri New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024: fig. 18d; INPA-PSO 000029). H. N. xanthopterum New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022b: fig. 10c; INPA-PSO 000164). I. N. xanthopterum (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022b: fig. 10d; INPA-PSO 000164). J. N. atlanticum Reategui, Rafael &amp; Silva-Neto, 2022 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022a; fig. 3). K. N. enderleini New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024: fig. 1b; INPA-PSO 000163)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603879/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 23I</figureCitation>
) or only from M+CuA to CuP (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF3FFB8FEAEFBCEA3AEFBC2" box="[332,442,1080,1106]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1540,1566]" captionTargetBox="[365,1225,294,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-14@26.[360,1226,265,1499]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 23. Forewings of Neurostigma spp., ♂. A. N. valderramae González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 25). B. N. mockfordi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 7). C. N. radiatum Mockford, 1991 (photo of the forewing from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000166). D. N. paucivenosum New, 1980 (photo of the forewing from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000165). E. N. newi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 13). F. N. lienhardi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adaptaded from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 1). G. N. roesleri New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024: fig. 18d; INPA-PSO 000029). H. N. xanthopterum New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022b: fig. 10c; INPA-PSO 000164). I. N. xanthopterum (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022b: fig. 10d; INPA-PSO 000164). J. N. atlanticum Reategui, Rafael &amp; Silva-Neto, 2022 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022a; fig. 3). K. N. enderleini New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024: fig. 1b; INPA-PSO 000163)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603879/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 23H</figureCitation>
); small dark brown spot at pterostigma base transverse veins pigmented along its entire length (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF3FFB8FE6CFBACA006FBE4" box="[398,530,1114,1140]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1540,1566]" captionTargetBox="[365,1225,294,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-14@26.[360,1226,265,1499]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 23. Forewings of Neurostigma spp., ♂. A. N. valderramae González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 25). B. N. mockfordi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 7). C. N. radiatum Mockford, 1991 (photo of the forewing from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000166). D. N. paucivenosum New, 1980 (photo of the forewing from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000165). E. N. newi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 13). F. N. lienhardi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adaptaded from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 1). G. N. roesleri New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024: fig. 18d; INPA-PSO 000029). H. N. xanthopterum New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022b: fig. 10c; INPA-PSO 000164). I. N. xanthopterum (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022b: fig. 10d; INPA-PSO 000164). J. N. atlanticum Reategui, Rafael &amp; Silva-Neto, 2022 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022a; fig. 3). K. N. enderleini New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024: fig. 1b; INPA-PSO 000163)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603879/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 23H–I</figureCitation>
) ..................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C074AB9FFF3FFB8FBC3FBACA763FBE4" ID-CoL="6S9R2" authority="New, 1980" authorityName="New" authorityYear="1980" box="[1057,1399,1113,1140]" class="Insecta" family="Epipsocidae" genus="Neurostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthopterum">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFF3FFB8FBC3FBACA6E4FBE4" bold="true" box="[1057,1264,1113,1140]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">N. xanthopterum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF964CCBFFF3FFB8FB1AFBACA763FBE4" author="New T. R." box="[1272,1399,1114,1140]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="179 - 206" refId="ref10994" refString="New T. R. 1980. Epipsocetae (Psocoptera) from the Reserva Ducke, Amazonas. Acta Amazonica 10 (1): 179 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 1809 - 43921980101179" type="journal article" year="1980">New, 1980</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFF3FFB8FF23FB8BA763FB4A" blockId="24.[189,1399,1046,1243]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<keyLead id="30F6920FFFF3FFB8FF23FB8BA763FB4A" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
– Almost continuous spot from base of areola postica to CuP, with central discontinuity; no irregular spot between half of anal vein and wing margin strongly pigmented spot along M+Cu (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF3FFB8FB0BFB68A75EFB28" box="[1257,1354,1182,1208]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1540,1566]" captionTargetBox="[365,1225,294,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-14@26.[360,1226,265,1499]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 23. Forewings of Neurostigma spp., ♂. A. N. valderramae González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 25). B. N. mockfordi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 7). C. N. radiatum Mockford, 1991 (photo of the forewing from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000166). D. N. paucivenosum New, 1980 (photo of the forewing from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000165). E. N. newi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 13). F. N. lienhardi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adaptaded from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 1). G. N. roesleri New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024: fig. 18d; INPA-PSO 000029). H. N. xanthopterum New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022b: fig. 10c; INPA-PSO 000164). I. N. xanthopterum (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022b: fig. 10d; INPA-PSO 000164). J. N. atlanticum Reategui, Rafael &amp; Silva-Neto, 2022 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022a; fig. 3). K. N. enderleini New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024: fig. 1b; INPA-PSO 000163)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603879/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 23J</figureCitation>
) ... ........................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C074AB9FFF3FFB8FCF5FB37A763FB4A" ID-CoL="BXPBT" authority="Reategui, Rafael &amp; Silva-Neto, 2022" authorityName="Reategui, Rafael &amp; Silva-Neto" authorityYear="2022" box="[791,1399,1216,1243]" class="Insecta" family="Epipsocidae" genus="Neurostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlanticum">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFF3FFB8FCF5FB37A1A9FB4B" bold="true" box="[791,957,1216,1243]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">N. atlanticum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF964CCBFFF3FFB8FC27FB36A763FB4A" author="Reategui N. S. &amp; Rafael J. A. &amp; Silva-Neto A. M. da" box="[965,1399,1216,1242]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref11035" refString="Reategui N. S., Rafael J. A. &amp; Silva-Neto A. M. da 2022 a. Neurostigma xanthopterum New, 1980 (Psocodea: Psocoptera: Epipsocidae): Updated diagnosis, description of a female specimen, morphological variations and a checklist of all known species of the genus. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia 62: e 202262052. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / 1807 - 0205 / 2022.62.052" type="journal volume" year="2022">Reategui, Rafael &amp; Silva-Neto, 2022</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFF3FFB8FF5FFAF7A763FAAD" blockId="24.[189,1399,1280,1341]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
4. Forewing completely hyaline (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF3FFB8FDB0FAF7A0CAFA8B" box="[594,734,1281,1307]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1540,1566]" captionTargetBox="[365,1225,294,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-14@26.[360,1226,265,1499]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 23. Forewings of Neurostigma spp., ♂. A. N. valderramae González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 25). B. N. mockfordi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 7). C. N. radiatum Mockford, 1991 (photo of the forewing from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000166). D. N. paucivenosum New, 1980 (photo of the forewing from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000165). E. N. newi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 13). F. N. lienhardi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adaptaded from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 1). G. N. roesleri New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024: fig. 18d; INPA-PSO 000029). H. N. xanthopterum New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022b: fig. 10c; INPA-PSO 000164). I. N. xanthopterum (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022b: fig. 10d; INPA-PSO 000164). J. N. atlanticum Reategui, Rafael &amp; Silva-Neto, 2022 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022a; fig. 3). K. N. enderleini New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024: fig. 1b; INPA-PSO 000163)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603879/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 23E–G</figureCitation>
) ..................................................................................... 5 – Forewing not hyaline (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF3FFB8FE17FAD5A06DFAAD" box="[501,633,1315,1341]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1922,1948]" captionTargetBox="[195,1398,770,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-188@5.[189,1398,758,1883]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Neurostigma alfonsoi sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000030). A. Right forewing. B. Left forewing. C. Right hindwing. D. Left hindwing. E. Right front leg. F. Right medial leg. G. Right hind leg. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603829" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603829/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 3A–B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF3FFB8FD67FAD5A0D9FAAD" box="[645,717,1315,1341]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1962,1988]" captionTargetBox="[213,1372,1421,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-15@10.[189,1398,1415,1919]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 8. Neurostigma angelicum sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000035). A. Right forewing. B. Left forewing. C. Right hindwing. D. Left hindwing. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603847" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603847/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">8A–B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF3FFB8FD38FAD5A125FAAD" box="[730,817,1315,1341]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[191,234,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[193,1395,879,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-237@14.[189,1398,867,1883]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 12. Neurostigma patriciae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000036). A. Right forewing. B. Left forewing. C. Right hindwing. D. Left hindwing. E. Right front leg. F. Right medial leg. G. Right hind leg. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603855/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">12A–B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF3FFB8FCDFFAD5A180FAAD" box="[829,916,1315,1341]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1447,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-55@18.[189,1398,1428,1916]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 16. Neurostigma spinosum sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000037). A. Right forewing. B. Left forewing. C. Right hindwing. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603863/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">16A–B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF3FFB8FC43FAD5A1EDFAAD" box="[929,1017,1315,1341]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[215,1389,843,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-247@22.[189,1398,836,1927]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 20. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Right forewing. B. Left forewing. C. Right hindwing. D. Left hindwing. E. Right hind leg. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603873/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">20A–B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF3FFB8FBE6FAD5A648FAAD" box="[1028,1116,1315,1341]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1540,1566]" captionTargetBox="[365,1225,294,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-14@26.[360,1226,265,1499]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 23. Forewings of Neurostigma spp., ♂. A. N. valderramae González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 25). B. N. mockfordi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 7). C. N. radiatum Mockford, 1991 (photo of the forewing from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000166). D. N. paucivenosum New, 1980 (photo of the forewing from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000165). E. N. newi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 13). F. N. lienhardi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adaptaded from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 1). G. N. roesleri New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024: fig. 18d; INPA-PSO 000029). H. N. xanthopterum New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022b: fig. 10c; INPA-PSO 000164). I. N. xanthopterum (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022b: fig. 10d; INPA-PSO 000164). J. N. atlanticum Reategui, Rafael &amp; Silva-Neto, 2022 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022a; fig. 3). K. N. enderleini New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024: fig. 1b; INPA-PSO 000163)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603879/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">23A–D</figureCitation>
) ................................. 7
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31D62B1FFF3FFB9FF5FFA95A763F877" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFF3FFB8FF5FFA95A763FA0F" blockId="24.[189,1399,1379,1576]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
5. M with three primary branches and third branch unforked (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF3FFB8FC7DFA95A61DFAED" box="[927,1033,1379,1405]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1540,1566]" captionTargetBox="[365,1225,294,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-14@26.[360,1226,265,1499]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 23. Forewings of Neurostigma spp., ♂. A. N. valderramae González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 25). B. N. mockfordi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 7). C. N. radiatum Mockford, 1991 (photo of the forewing from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000166). D. N. paucivenosum New, 1980 (photo of the forewing from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000165). E. N. newi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 13). F. N. lienhardi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adaptaded from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 1). G. N. roesleri New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024: fig. 18d; INPA-PSO 000029). H. N. xanthopterum New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022b: fig. 10c; INPA-PSO 000164). I. N. xanthopterum (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022b: fig. 10d; INPA-PSO 000164). J. N. atlanticum Reategui, Rafael &amp; Silva-Neto, 2022 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022a; fig. 3). K. N. enderleini New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024: fig. 1b; INPA-PSO 000163)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603879/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 23E</figureCitation>
); phallosome not as below ..... ........................................................................................................................................................... 6
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFF3FFB8FF23FA5EA763F9B8" blockId="24.[189,1399,1379,1576]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
– M with three primary branches, M 
<subScript id="1783337FFFF3FFB8FD9AFA4CA095FA58" attach="left" box="[632,641,1466,1480]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">3</subScript>
forked into M 
<subScript id="1783337FFFF3FFB8FCC6FA4CA120FA58" attach="left" box="[804,820,1466,1480]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">3a</subScript>
and M 
<subScript id="1783337FFFF3FFB8FC67FA4CA182FA58" attach="left" box="[901,918,1466,1480]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">3b</subScript>
(
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF3FFB8FC47FA51A619FA52" box="[933,1037,1447,1474]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1540,1566]" captionTargetBox="[365,1225,294,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-14@26.[360,1226,265,1499]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 23. Forewings of Neurostigma spp., ♂. A. N. valderramae González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 25). B. N. mockfordi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 7). C. N. radiatum Mockford, 1991 (photo of the forewing from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000166). D. N. paucivenosum New, 1980 (photo of the forewing from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000165). E. N. newi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 13). F. N. lienhardi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adaptaded from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 1). G. N. roesleri New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024: fig. 18d; INPA-PSO 000029). H. N. xanthopterum New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022b: fig. 10c; INPA-PSO 000164). I. N. xanthopterum (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022b: fig. 10d; INPA-PSO 000164). J. N. atlanticum Reategui, Rafael &amp; Silva-Neto, 2022 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022a; fig. 3). K. N. enderleini New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024: fig. 1b; INPA-PSO 000163)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603879/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 23F</figureCitation>
); posterior process of aedeagus short and straight distally; endophallus with two groups of small spines separated by reticulated area (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF3FFB8FF10FA1AA349F996" box="[242,349,1516,1542]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1521,1547]" captionTargetBox="[193,1392,292,1463]" captionTargetId="figure-12@27.[189,1398,280,1478]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 24. Phallosomes of Neurostigma spp., ♂. A. N. lienhardi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 6). B. N. valderramae González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 30). C. N. mockfordi González-Obando, Carrejo- Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 12). D. N. thorntoni González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 24). E. N. newi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil- Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 18). F. N. radiatum Mockford, 1991 (photo of the phallosome from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000166). G. N. paucivenosum New, 1980 (photo of the phallosome from the slide with the type specimen). H. N. roesleri New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024b: fig. 18h). I. N. dispositum (adapted from Roesler 1940: fig. 47; INPA-PSO 000165)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603881/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 24A</figureCitation>
) ........................................................................................................................................... .............. 
<taxonomicName id="4C074AB9FFF3FFB8FEBAF9F8A763F9B8" authority="Gonzalez-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; Garcia Aldrete, 2021" authorityName="Gonzalez-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; Garcia Aldrete" authorityYear="2021" box="[344,1399,1549,1576]" class="Insecta" family="Epipsocidae" genus="Neurostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lienhardi">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFF3FFB8FEBAF9F8A3FFF9B8" bold="true" box="[344,491,1549,1576]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">N. lienhardi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF964CCBFFF3FFB8FE10F9F8A763F9B8" author="Gonzalez-Obando R. &amp; Carrejo-Gironza N. &amp; Mendivil-Nieto J. &amp; Garcia Aldrete A. N." box="[498,1399,1550,1576]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="83 - 98" refId="ref10755" refString="Gonzalez-Obando R., Carrejo-Gironza N., Mendivil-Nieto J. &amp; Garcia Aldrete A. N. 2021. Neurostigma (Psocodea: Psocomorpha: Epipsocidae) from Colombia: New species and an identification key. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 61 (1): 83 - 98. https: // doi. org / 10.37520 / aemnp. 2021.005" type="journal article" year="2021">González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFF3FFB8FF5FF9B8A763F8E9" blockId="24.[189,1399,1614,1914]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
6. Areola postica narrow, with Cua 
<subScript id="1783337FFFF3FFB8FD84F997A07BF9FF" attach="left" box="[614,623,1633,1647]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">1</subScript>
touching wing margin at a point parallel to the second bifurcation of M (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF3FFB8FED1F986A389F91A" box="[307,413,1648,1674]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1540,1566]" captionTargetBox="[365,1225,294,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-14@26.[360,1226,265,1499]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 23. Forewings of Neurostigma spp., ♂. A. N. valderramae González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 25). B. N. mockfordi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 7). C. N. radiatum Mockford, 1991 (photo of the forewing from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000166). D. N. paucivenosum New, 1980 (photo of the forewing from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000165). E. N. newi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 13). F. N. lienhardi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adaptaded from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 1). G. N. roesleri New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024: fig. 18d; INPA-PSO 000029). H. N. xanthopterum New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022b: fig. 10c; INPA-PSO 000164). I. N. xanthopterum (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022b: fig. 10d; INPA-PSO 000164). J. N. atlanticum Reategui, Rafael &amp; Silva-Neto, 2022 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022a; fig. 3). K. N. enderleini New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024: fig. 1b; INPA-PSO 000163)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603879/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 23E</figureCitation>
); distal process of aedeagal arch wide and short; endophallus with two sclerites with numerous small spines, directed antero-laterally (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF3FFB8FCCFF964A181F93D" box="[813,917,1682,1709]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1521,1547]" captionTargetBox="[193,1392,292,1463]" captionTargetId="figure-12@27.[189,1398,280,1478]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 24. Phallosomes of Neurostigma spp., ♂. A. N. lienhardi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 6). B. N. valderramae González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 30). C. N. mockfordi González-Obando, Carrejo- Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 12). D. N. thorntoni González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 24). E. N. newi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil- Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 18). F. N. radiatum Mockford, 1991 (photo of the phallosome from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000166). G. N. paucivenosum New, 1980 (photo of the phallosome from the slide with the type specimen). H. N. roesleri New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024b: fig. 18h). I. N. dispositum (adapted from Roesler 1940: fig. 47; INPA-PSO 000165)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603881/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 24E</figureCitation>
) .............................................................. ..................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C074AB9FFF3FFB8FE6CF943A763F95F" authority="Gonzalez-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; Garcia Aldrete, 2021" authorityName="Gonzalez-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; Garcia Aldrete" authorityYear="2021" box="[398,1399,1716,1743]" class="Insecta" family="Epipsocidae" genus="Neurostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="newi">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFF3FFB8FE6CF943A3FFF95E" bold="true" box="[398,491,1716,1743]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">N. newi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF964CCBFFF3FFB8FE10F943A763F95F" author="Gonzalez-Obando R. &amp; Carrejo-Gironza N. &amp; Mendivil-Nieto J. &amp; Garcia Aldrete A. N." box="[498,1399,1717,1743]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="83 - 98" refId="ref10755" refString="Gonzalez-Obando R., Carrejo-Gironza N., Mendivil-Nieto J. &amp; Garcia Aldrete A. N. 2021. Neurostigma (Psocodea: Psocomorpha: Epipsocidae) from Colombia: New species and an identification key. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 61 (1): 83 - 98. https: // doi. org / 10.37520 / aemnp. 2021.005" type="journal article" year="2021">González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
– Areola postica wide, with Cua 1 touching wing margin at a parallel point after the first bifurcation of M vein (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF3FFB8FEA9F90FA3A3F883" box="[331,439,1785,1811]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1540,1566]" captionTargetBox="[365,1225,294,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-14@26.[360,1226,265,1499]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 23. Forewings of Neurostigma spp., ♂. A. N. valderramae González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 25). B. N. mockfordi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 7). C. N. radiatum Mockford, 1991 (photo of the forewing from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000166). D. N. paucivenosum New, 1980 (photo of the forewing from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000165). E. N. newi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 13). F. N. lienhardi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adaptaded from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 1). G. N. roesleri New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024: fig. 18d; INPA-PSO 000029). H. N. xanthopterum New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022b: fig. 10c; INPA-PSO 000164). I. N. xanthopterum (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022b: fig. 10d; INPA-PSO 000164). J. N. atlanticum Reategui, Rafael &amp; Silva-Neto, 2022 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022a; fig. 3). K. N. enderleini New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024: fig. 1b; INPA-PSO 000163)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603879/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 23G</figureCitation>
); posterior process of edeagal arch long and narrow with slight indentation of outer margin; endophallus with sharp spines directed antero-mesally, with long spicules on outer margin and dense field of short spines and spicules latero-posteriorly (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF3FFB8FC2AF8CBA627F8C7" box="[968,1075,1853,1879]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1521,1547]" captionTargetBox="[193,1392,292,1463]" captionTargetId="figure-12@27.[189,1398,280,1478]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 24. Phallosomes of Neurostigma spp., ♂. A. N. lienhardi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 6). B. N. valderramae González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 30). C. N. mockfordi González-Obando, Carrejo- Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 12). D. N. thorntoni González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 24). E. N. newi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil- Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 18). F. N. radiatum Mockford, 1991 (photo of the phallosome from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000166). G. N. paucivenosum New, 1980 (photo of the phallosome from the slide with the type specimen). H. N. roesleri New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024b: fig. 18h). I. N. dispositum (adapted from Roesler 1940: fig. 47; INPA-PSO 000165)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603881/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 24H</figureCitation>
) ......................................... .......................................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C074AB9FFF3FFB8FB93F896A763F8E9" authority="New, 1980" authorityName="New" authorityYear="1980" box="[1137,1399,1887,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Epipsocidae" genus="Neurostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roesleri">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFF3FFB8FB93F896A6E4F8EA" bold="true" box="[1137,1264,1887,1914]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">N. roesleri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF964CCBFFF3FFB8FB1AF896A763F8E9" author="New T. R." box="[1272,1399,1887,1914]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="179 - 206" refId="ref10994" refString="New T. R. 1980. Epipsocetae (Psocoptera) from the Reserva Ducke, Amazonas. Acta Amazonica 10 (1): 179 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 1809 - 43921980101179" type="journal article" year="1980">New, 1980</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFF3FFB8FF5FF856A763F84C" blockId="24.[189,1399,1952,2012]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
7. M+Cu has with slight concavity before bifurcation that gives rise to Cu A and M (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF3FFB8FB7CF856A708F82A" box="[1182,1308,1952,1978]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1962,1988]" captionTargetBox="[213,1372,1421,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-15@10.[189,1398,1415,1919]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 8. Neurostigma angelicum sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000035). A. Right forewing. B. Left forewing. C. Right hindwing. D. Left hindwing. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603847" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603847/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 8A–B</figureCitation>
) ....... 8 – M+Cu straight, without concave region (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF3FFB8FD2AF834A158F84C" box="[712,844,1986,2012]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1922,1948]" captionTargetBox="[195,1398,770,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-188@5.[189,1398,758,1883]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Neurostigma alfonsoi sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000030). A. Right forewing. B. Left forewing. C. Right hindwing. D. Left hindwing. E. Right front leg. F. Right medial leg. G. Right hind leg. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603829" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603829/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 3A–B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF3FFB8FCBAF834A1BBF84C" box="[856,943,1986,2012]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1447,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-55@18.[189,1398,1428,1916]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 16. Neurostigma spinosum sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000037). A. Right forewing. B. Left forewing. C. Right hindwing. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603863/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">16A–B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF3FFB8FC5EF834A600F84C" box="[956,1044,1986,2012]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[215,1389,843,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-247@22.[189,1398,836,1927]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 20. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Right forewing. B. Left forewing. C. Right hindwing. D. Left hindwing. E. Right hind leg. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603873/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">20A–B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF3FFB8FBFDF834A663F84C" box="[1055,1143,1986,2012]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1521,1547]" captionTargetBox="[193,1392,292,1463]" captionTargetId="figure-12@27.[189,1398,280,1478]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 24. Phallosomes of Neurostigma spp., ♂. A. N. lienhardi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 6). B. N. valderramae González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 30). C. N. mockfordi González-Obando, Carrejo- Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 12). D. N. thorntoni González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 24). E. N. newi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil- Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 18). F. N. radiatum Mockford, 1991 (photo of the phallosome from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000166). G. N. paucivenosum New, 1980 (photo of the phallosome from the slide with the type specimen). H. N. roesleri New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024b: fig. 18h). I. N. dispositum (adapted from Roesler 1940: fig. 47; INPA-PSO 000165)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603881/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">24A–D</figureCitation>
) ............................. 9
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFF2FFB9FF5FFEFFA763FDA0" blockId="25.[189,1400,265,560]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
8. Posterior process of aedeagal arch long and wide, with slight indentation of external and internal margins; anterior margin of endophallus with U-shaped indentation, originating two areas similar to ‘angels’ wings, extremely membranous, ending posteriorly with six strongly sclerotized and acuminate projections (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF2FFB9FE1FFE98A043FE18" box="[509,599,366,392]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[190,233,1546,1572]" captionTargetBox="[216,1377,358,1462]" captionTargetId="figure-113@11.[190,1399,354,1501]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 9. Neurostigma angelicum sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000035). A. Hypandrium. B. Right paraproct and epiproct. C. Phallosome. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603849/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
) ...................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C074AB9FFF2FFB9FB90FE98A701FE18" authorityName="Reategui &amp; Rafael &amp; da Silva-Neto" authorityYear="2025" box="[1138,1301,365,392]" class="Insecta" family="Epipsocidae" genus="Neurostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angelicum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFF2FFB9FB90FE98A701FE18" bold="true" box="[1138,1301,365,392]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">N. angelicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2405053FFF2FFB9FAFEFE98A763FE18" box="[1308,1399,366,392]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
– Posterior process of aedeagal arch long, wide, with long indentation of external margin, and slight indentation of internal margin; endophallus with two distinctly sclerotized areas, with separate endophallic sclerites touching anteriorly, separated posteriorly by membranous area, each sclerite with denticulated posterior margin with numerous small acuminate projections coiled anteriorly, giving rise to spiral area (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF2FFB9FDF4FDE0A06AFDA0" box="[534,638,534,560]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[230,1306,771,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-198@15.[189,1398,766,1918]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 13. Neurostigma patriciae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000036). A. Hypandrium. B. Right paraproct and epiproct. C. Phallosome. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603857/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 13C</figureCitation>
) .................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C074AB9FFF2FFB9FB65FDE0A701FDA0" authorityName="Reategui &amp; Rafael &amp; da Silva-Neto" authorityYear="2025" box="[1159,1301,534,560]" class="Insecta" family="Epipsocidae" genus="Neurostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="patriciae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFF2FFB9FB65FDE0A701FDA0" bold="true" box="[1159,1301,534,560]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">N. patriciae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2405053FFF2FFB9FAFEFDE0A763FDA0" box="[1308,1399,534,560]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFF2FFB9FF5FFDB8A763FD3B" blockId="25.[189,1399,590,751]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
9. Pterostigma with spot on distal half, M gently concave before first bifurcation (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF2FFB9FB89FDB8A6C2FDF8" box="[1131,1238,590,616]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1540,1566]" captionTargetBox="[365,1225,294,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-14@26.[360,1226,265,1499]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 23. Forewings of Neurostigma spp., ♂. A. N. valderramae González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 25). B. N. mockfordi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 7). C. N. radiatum Mockford, 1991 (photo of the forewing from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000166). D. N. paucivenosum New, 1980 (photo of the forewing from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000165). E. N. newi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 13). F. N. lienhardi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adaptaded from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 1). G. N. roesleri New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024: fig. 18d; INPA-PSO 000029). H. N. xanthopterum New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022b: fig. 10c; INPA-PSO 000164). I. N. xanthopterum (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022b: fig. 10d; INPA-PSO 000164). J. N. atlanticum Reategui, Rafael &amp; Silva-Neto, 2022 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022a; fig. 3). K. N. enderleini New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024: fig. 1b; INPA-PSO 000163)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603879/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 23D</figureCitation>
); endophallus subquadrate with recess, originating two symmetrical regions composed of two lobes with numerous rows of vertical spines (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF2FFB9FDE0FD67A079FD3B" box="[514,621,657,683]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1521,1547]" captionTargetBox="[193,1392,292,1463]" captionTargetId="figure-12@27.[189,1398,280,1478]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 24. Phallosomes of Neurostigma spp., ♂. A. N. lienhardi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 6). B. N. valderramae González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 30). C. N. mockfordi González-Obando, Carrejo- Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 12). D. N. thorntoni González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 24). E. N. newi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil- Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 18). F. N. radiatum Mockford, 1991 (photo of the phallosome from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000166). G. N. paucivenosum New, 1980 (photo of the phallosome from the slide with the type specimen). H. N. roesleri New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024b: fig. 18h). I. N. dispositum (adapted from Roesler 1940: fig. 47; INPA-PSO 000165)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603881/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 24G</figureCitation>
) 
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFF2FFB9FD66FD64A60AFD3B" box="[644,1054,658,683]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">........................................................</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C074AB9FFF2FFB9FBFCFD64A763FD3B" authority="New, 1980" authorityName="New" authorityYear="1980" box="[1054,1399,657,684]" class="Insecta" family="Epipsocidae" genus="Neurostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paucivenosum">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFF2FFB9FBFCFD64A6E4FD3B" bold="true" box="[1054,1264,657,684]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">N. paucivenosum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF964CCBFFF2FFB9FB1AFD64A763FD3B" author="New T. R." box="[1272,1399,657,684]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="179 - 206" refId="ref10994" refString="New T. R. 1980. Epipsocetae (Psocoptera) from the Reserva Ducke, Amazonas. Acta Amazonica 10 (1): 179 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 1809 - 43921980101179" type="journal article" year="1980">New, 1980</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFF2FFB9FF23FD45A762FD7F" blockId="25.[189,1399,590,751]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
– Pterostigma without spots or with spot only along crossveins; M vein gently concave with U-shaped before its bifurcation (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF2FFB9FE0DFD22A067FD7F" box="[495,627,724,751]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1922,1948]" captionTargetBox="[195,1398,770,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-188@5.[189,1398,758,1883]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Neurostigma alfonsoi sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000030). A. Right forewing. B. Left forewing. C. Right hindwing. D. Left hindwing. E. Right front leg. F. Right medial leg. G. Right hind leg. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603829" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603829/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figs 3A–B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF2FFB9FD9DFD22A0C2FD7E" box="[639,726,724,750]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1447,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-55@18.[189,1398,1428,1916]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 16. Neurostigma spinosum sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000037). A. Right forewing. B. Left forewing. C. Right hindwing. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603863/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">16A–B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF2FFB9FD01FD23A12FFD7F" box="[739,827,725,751]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[215,1389,843,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-247@22.[189,1398,836,1927]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 20. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Right forewing. B. Left forewing. C. Right hindwing. D. Left hindwing. E. Right hind leg. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603873/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">20A–B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF2FFB9FCA4FD23A188FD7F" box="[838,924,725,751]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1540,1566]" captionTargetBox="[365,1225,294,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-14@26.[360,1226,265,1499]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 23. Forewings of Neurostigma spp., ♂. A. N. valderramae González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 25). B. N. mockfordi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 7). C. N. radiatum Mockford, 1991 (photo of the forewing from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000166). D. N. paucivenosum New, 1980 (photo of the forewing from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000165). E. N. newi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 13). F. N. lienhardi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adaptaded from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 1). G. N. roesleri New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024: fig. 18d; INPA-PSO 000029). H. N. xanthopterum New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022b: fig. 10c; INPA-PSO 000164). I. N. xanthopterum (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022b: fig. 10d; INPA-PSO 000164). J. N. atlanticum Reategui, Rafael &amp; Silva-Neto, 2022 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022a; fig. 3). K. N. enderleini New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024: fig. 1b; INPA-PSO 000163)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603879/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">23A–C</figureCitation>
) ......................................................... 10
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFF2FFB9FF5FFCFBA2EAFCFA" blockId="25.[189,1398,781,874]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
10. R 2+3 four times as long as section Rs (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF2FFB9FD46FCFBA104FCB7" box="[676,784,781,807]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1540,1566]" captionTargetBox="[365,1225,294,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-14@26.[360,1226,265,1499]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 23. Forewings of Neurostigma spp., ♂. A. N. valderramae González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 25). B. N. mockfordi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 7). C. N. radiatum Mockford, 1991 (photo of the forewing from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000166). D. N. paucivenosum New, 1980 (photo of the forewing from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000165). E. N. newi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 13). F. N. lienhardi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adaptaded from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 1). G. N. roesleri New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024: fig. 18d; INPA-PSO 000029). H. N. xanthopterum New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022b: fig. 10c; INPA-PSO 000164). I. N. xanthopterum (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022b: fig. 10d; INPA-PSO 000164). J. N. atlanticum Reategui, Rafael &amp; Silva-Neto, 2022 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022a; fig. 3). K. N. enderleini New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024: fig. 1b; INPA-PSO 000163)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603879/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 23B</figureCitation>
); endophallus region without sclerites or spines ..... ..........................................................................................................................................................11 – R
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFF2FFB9FF1CFC95A30DFCE1" box="[254,281,867,881]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">2+3</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFF2FFB9FEC2FCA6A762FCFA" blockId="25.[189,1398,781,874]" box="[288,1398,848,874]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
two times as long as section Rs (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF2FFB9FD7DFCA6A114FCFA" box="[671,768,848,874]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1521,1547]" captionTargetBox="[193,1392,292,1463]" captionTargetId="figure-12@27.[189,1398,280,1478]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 24. Phallosomes of Neurostigma spp., ♂. A. N. lienhardi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 6). B. N. valderramae González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 30). C. N. mockfordi González-Obando, Carrejo- Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 12). D. N. thorntoni González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 24). E. N. newi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil- Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 18). F. N. radiatum Mockford, 1991 (photo of the phallosome from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000166). G. N. paucivenosum New, 1980 (photo of the phallosome from the slide with the type specimen). H. N. roesleri New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024b: fig. 18h). I. N. dispositum (adapted from Roesler 1940: fig. 47; INPA-PSO 000165)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603881/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 24I</figureCitation>
); endophallus region with sclerites or spines ........ 12
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFF2FFB9FF5FFC7EA763FC76" blockId="25.[189,1399,904,1099]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
11. M 
<subScript id="1783337FFFF2FFB9FEE6FC6DA319FC39" attach="left" box="[260,269,923,937]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">3</subScript>
unbifurcated; areola postica rounded distally (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF2FFB9FCD7FC7EA1B6FC32" box="[821,930,904,930]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1540,1566]" captionTargetBox="[365,1225,294,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-14@26.[360,1226,265,1499]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 23. Forewings of Neurostigma spp., ♂. A. N. valderramae González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 25). B. N. mockfordi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 7). C. N. radiatum Mockford, 1991 (photo of the forewing from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000166). D. N. paucivenosum New, 1980 (photo of the forewing from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000165). E. N. newi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 13). F. N. lienhardi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adaptaded from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 1). G. N. roesleri New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024: fig. 18d; INPA-PSO 000029). H. N. xanthopterum New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022b: fig. 10c; INPA-PSO 000164). I. N. xanthopterum (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022b: fig. 10d; INPA-PSO 000164). J. N. atlanticum Reategui, Rafael &amp; Silva-Neto, 2022 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022a; fig. 3). K. N. enderleini New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024: fig. 1b; INPA-PSO 000163)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603879/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 23B</figureCitation>
); edeagal arch posterior process robust, rounded apically (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF2FFB9FE22FC5CA03DFC54" box="[448,553,938,964]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1521,1547]" captionTargetBox="[193,1392,292,1463]" captionTargetId="figure-12@27.[189,1398,280,1478]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 24. Phallosomes of Neurostigma spp., ♂. A. N. lienhardi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 6). B. N. valderramae González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 30). C. N. mockfordi González-Obando, Carrejo- Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 12). D. N. thorntoni González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 24). E. N. newi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil- Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 18). F. N. radiatum Mockford, 1991 (photo of the phallosome from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000166). G. N. paucivenosum New, 1980 (photo of the phallosome from the slide with the type specimen). H. N. roesleri New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024b: fig. 18h). I. N. dispositum (adapted from Roesler 1940: fig. 47; INPA-PSO 000165)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603881/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 24C</figureCitation>
) ................................................................................................................ ............ 
<taxonomicName id="4C074AB9FFF2FFB9FEA9FC3AA763FC76" authority="Gonzalez-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; Garcia Aldrete, 2021" authorityName="Gonzalez-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; Garcia Aldrete" authorityYear="2021" box="[331,1399,971,998]" class="Insecta" family="Epipsocidae" genus="Neurostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mockfordi">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFF2FFB9FEA9FC3AA3FFFC76" bold="true" box="[331,491,971,998]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">N. mockfordi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF964CCBFFF2FFB9FE10FC3DA763FC76" author="Gonzalez-Obando R. &amp; Carrejo-Gironza N. &amp; Mendivil-Nieto J. &amp; Garcia Aldrete A. N." box="[498,1399,971,998]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="83 - 98" refId="ref10755" refString="Gonzalez-Obando R., Carrejo-Gironza N., Mendivil-Nieto J. &amp; Garcia Aldrete A. N. 2021. Neurostigma (Psocodea: Psocomorpha: Epipsocidae) from Colombia: New species and an identification key. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 61 (1): 83 - 98. https: // doi. org / 10.37520 / aemnp. 2021.005" type="journal article" year="2021">González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFF2FFB9FF23FC18A763FBDA" blockId="25.[189,1399,904,1099]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
– M 
<subScript id="1783337FFFF2FFB9FEE6FBF6A319FB9E" attach="left" box="[260,269,1024,1038]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">3</subScript>
bifurcated into M 
<subScript id="1783337FFFF2FFB9FE07FBF6A3E1FB9E" attach="left" box="[485,501,1024,1038]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">3a</subScript>
and M 
<subScript id="1783337FFFF2FFB9FDA8FBF6A04FFB9E" attach="left" box="[586,603,1024,1038]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">3b</subScript>
; areola postica almost triangular distally (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF2FFB9FBB2FC1BA6ABFB97" box="[1104,1215,1005,1031]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1540,1566]" captionTargetBox="[365,1225,294,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-14@26.[360,1226,265,1499]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 23. Forewings of Neurostigma spp., ♂. A. N. valderramae González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 25). B. N. mockfordi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 7). C. N. radiatum Mockford, 1991 (photo of the forewing from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000166). D. N. paucivenosum New, 1980 (photo of the forewing from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000165). E. N. newi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 13). F. N. lienhardi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adaptaded from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 1). G. N. roesleri New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024: fig. 18d; INPA-PSO 000029). H. N. xanthopterum New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022b: fig. 10c; INPA-PSO 000164). I. N. xanthopterum (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022b: fig. 10d; INPA-PSO 000164). J. N. atlanticum Reategui, Rafael &amp; Silva-Neto, 2022 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022a; fig. 3). K. N. enderleini New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024: fig. 1b; INPA-PSO 000163)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603879/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 23A</figureCitation>
); aedeagal arch distal process narrow, almost truncate apically (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF2FFB9FCF8FBF8A197FBB9" box="[794,899,1038,1065]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1521,1547]" captionTargetBox="[193,1392,292,1463]" captionTargetId="figure-12@27.[189,1398,280,1478]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 24. Phallosomes of Neurostigma spp., ♂. A. N. lienhardi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 6). B. N. valderramae González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 30). C. N. mockfordi González-Obando, Carrejo- Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 12). D. N. thorntoni González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 24). E. N. newi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil- Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 18). F. N. radiatum Mockford, 1991 (photo of the phallosome from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000166). G. N. paucivenosum New, 1980 (photo of the phallosome from the slide with the type specimen). H. N. roesleri New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024b: fig. 18h). I. N. dispositum (adapted from Roesler 1940: fig. 47; INPA-PSO 000165)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603881/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 24B</figureCitation>
) ................................................................. ........ 
<taxonomicName id="4C074AB9FFF2FFB9FED2FBC7A763FBDA" authority="Gonzalez-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; Garcia Aldrete, 2021" authorityName="Gonzalez-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; Garcia Aldrete" authorityYear="2021" box="[304,1399,1072,1099]" class="Insecta" family="Epipsocidae" genus="Neurostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valderramae">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFF2FFB9FED2FBC7A3F8FBDB" bold="true" box="[304,492,1072,1099]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">N. valderramae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF964CCBFFF2FFB9FE10FBC6A763FBDA" author="Gonzalez-Obando R. &amp; Carrejo-Gironza N. &amp; Mendivil-Nieto J. &amp; Garcia Aldrete A. N." box="[498,1399,1072,1098]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="83 - 98" refId="ref10755" refString="Gonzalez-Obando R., Carrejo-Gironza N., Mendivil-Nieto J. &amp; Garcia Aldrete A. N. 2021. Neurostigma (Psocodea: Psocomorpha: Epipsocidae) from Colombia: New species and an identification key. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 61 (1): 83 - 98. https: // doi. org / 10.37520 / aemnp. 2021.005" type="journal article" year="2021">González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFF2FFB9FF5FFB86A763FB3C" blockId="25.[189,1399,1136,1263]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
12. Aedeagal arch posterior process short and wide, apically U-shaped; endophallus with pair of golf club-shaped sclerites separated by membranes (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF2FFB9FCF9FB64A16EFB3C" box="[795,890,1170,1196]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1521,1547]" captionTargetBox="[193,1392,292,1463]" captionTargetId="figure-12@27.[189,1398,280,1478]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 24. Phallosomes of Neurostigma spp., ♂. A. N. lienhardi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 6). B. N. valderramae González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 30). C. N. mockfordi González-Obando, Carrejo- Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 12). D. N. thorntoni González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 24). E. N. newi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil- Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 18). F. N. radiatum Mockford, 1991 (photo of the phallosome from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000166). G. N. paucivenosum New, 1980 (photo of the phallosome from the slide with the type specimen). H. N. roesleri New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024b: fig. 18h). I. N. dispositum (adapted from Roesler 1940: fig. 47; INPA-PSO 000165)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603881/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 24I</figureCitation>
) ..................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C074AB9FFF2FFB9FBC5FB64A763FB3C" authority="Roesler, 1940" authorityName="Roesler" authorityYear="1940" box="[1063,1399,1169,1196]" class="Insecta" family="Epipsocidae" genus="Neurostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dispositum">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFF2FFB9FBC5FB64A6D9FB3C" bold="true" box="[1063,1229,1169,1196]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">N. dispositum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF964CCBFFF2FFB9FB37FB64A763FB3C" author="Roesler V. R." box="[1237,1399,1170,1196]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref11269" refString="Roesler V. R. 1940. Neue und wenig bekannte Copeognathengattungen. Zoologischer Anzeiger 130: 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="1940">Roesler, 1940</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFF2FFB9FF23FB42A762FB7F" blockId="25.[189,1399,1136,1263]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
– Aedeagal arch posterior process robust and long; endophallus with sclerites sepated by membranes (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF2FFB9FF11FB23A347FB7F" box="[243,339,1237,1263]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[188,231,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[195,1389,780,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-229@6.[189,1398,777,1920]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Neurostigma alfonsoi sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000030). A. Hypandrium. B. Right paraproct and epiproct. C. Phallosome. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603835/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figs 4C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF2FFB9FEBDFB23A387FB7F" box="[351,403,1237,1263]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1011,1037]" captionTargetBox="[215,1326,276,951]" captionTargetId="figure-285@19.[189,1398,262,972]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 17. Neurostigma spinosum sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000037). A. Right paraproct and epiproct. B. Phallosome. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603865/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">17B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF2FFB9FE7DFB23A3C6FB7F" box="[415,466,1237,1263]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[185,228,1173,1199]" captionTargetBox="[346,1239,265,1123]" captionTargetId="figure-13@23.[340,1247,265,1134]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 21. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Hypandrium. B. Right paraproct and epiproct. C. Phallosome. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603875/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">21C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF2FFB9FE3CFB23A026FB7F" box="[478,562,1237,1263]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1521,1547]" captionTargetBox="[193,1392,292,1463]" captionTargetId="figure-12@27.[189,1398,280,1478]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 24. Phallosomes of Neurostigma spp., ♂. A. N. lienhardi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 6). B. N. valderramae González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 30). C. N. mockfordi González-Obando, Carrejo- Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 12). D. N. thorntoni González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 24). E. N. newi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil- Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 18). F. N. radiatum Mockford, 1991 (photo of the phallosome from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000166). G. N. paucivenosum New, 1980 (photo of the phallosome from the slide with the type specimen). H. N. roesleri New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024b: fig. 18h). I. N. dispositum (adapted from Roesler 1940: fig. 47; INPA-PSO 000165)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603881/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">24A–F</figureCitation>
) ........................................................................................................... 13
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFF2FFB9FF5FFAE3A762FAC1" blockId="25.[189,1398,1301,1361]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
13. Endophallus with sclerites and spines V-shaped (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF2FFB9FCC4FAE3A193FABF" box="[806,903,1301,1327]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[188,231,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[195,1389,780,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-229@6.[189,1398,777,1920]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Neurostigma alfonsoi sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000030). A. Hypandrium. B. Right paraproct and epiproct. C. Phallosome. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603835/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figs 4C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF2FFB9FC71FAE3A1D6FABF" box="[915,962,1301,1327]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1521,1547]" captionTargetBox="[193,1392,292,1463]" captionTargetId="figure-12@27.[189,1398,280,1478]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 24. Phallosomes of Neurostigma spp., ♂. A. N. lienhardi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 6). B. N. valderramae González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 30). C. N. mockfordi González-Obando, Carrejo- Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 12). D. N. thorntoni González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 24). E. N. newi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil- Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 18). F. N. radiatum Mockford, 1991 (photo of the phallosome from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000166). G. N. paucivenosum New, 1980 (photo of the phallosome from the slide with the type specimen). H. N. roesleri New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024b: fig. 18h). I. N. dispositum (adapted from Roesler 1940: fig. 47; INPA-PSO 000165)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603881/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">24F</figureCitation>
) .................................................... 14 – Endophallus without sclerites and with anchor-shaped spines (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF2FFB9FC27FAC0A627FAC0" box="[965,1075,1334,1360]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1011,1037]" captionTargetBox="[215,1326,276,951]" captionTargetId="figure-285@19.[189,1398,262,972]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 17. Neurostigma spinosum sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000037). A. Right paraproct and epiproct. B. Phallosome. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603865/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figs 17B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF2FFB9FBA2FAC0A667FAC0" box="[1088,1139,1334,1360]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[185,228,1173,1199]" captionTargetBox="[346,1239,265,1123]" captionTargetId="figure-13@23.[340,1247,265,1134]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 21. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Hypandrium. B. Right paraproct and epiproct. C. Phallosome. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603875/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">21C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF2FFB9FB9DFAC0A6A0FAC0" box="[1151,1204,1334,1360]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1521,1547]" captionTargetBox="[193,1392,292,1463]" captionTargetId="figure-12@27.[189,1398,280,1478]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 24. Phallosomes of Neurostigma spp., ♂. A. N. lienhardi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 6). B. N. valderramae González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 30). C. N. mockfordi González-Obando, Carrejo- Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 12). D. N. thorntoni González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 24). E. N. newi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil- Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 18). F. N. radiatum Mockford, 1991 (photo of the phallosome from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000166). G. N. paucivenosum New, 1980 (photo of the phallosome from the slide with the type specimen). H. N. roesleri New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024b: fig. 18h). I. N. dispositum (adapted from Roesler 1940: fig. 47; INPA-PSO 000165)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603881/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">24D</figureCitation>
) ................... 15
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFF2FFB9FF5FFA80A763FA43" blockId="25.[189,1399,1398,1660]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
14. Areola postica wide, with Cua 
<subScript id="1783337FFFF2FFB9FDA8FA7FA047FA07" attach="left" box="[586,595,1417,1431]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">1</subScript>
touching wing margin at parallel point, after second bifurcation of M (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF2FFB9FF10FA6EA349FA22" box="[242,349,1432,1458]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1540,1566]" captionTargetBox="[365,1225,294,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-14@26.[360,1226,265,1499]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 23. Forewings of Neurostigma spp., ♂. A. N. valderramae González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 25). B. N. mockfordi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 7). C. N. radiatum Mockford, 1991 (photo of the forewing from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000166). D. N. paucivenosum New, 1980 (photo of the forewing from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000165). E. N. newi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 13). F. N. lienhardi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adaptaded from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 1). G. N. roesleri New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024: fig. 18d; INPA-PSO 000029). H. N. xanthopterum New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022b: fig. 10c; INPA-PSO 000164). I. N. xanthopterum (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022b: fig. 10d; INPA-PSO 000164). J. N. atlanticum Reategui, Rafael &amp; Silva-Neto, 2022 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2022a; fig. 3). K. N. enderleini New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024: fig. 1b; INPA-PSO 000163)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603879/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 23C</figureCitation>
); endophallus with two distinctly long, sclerotized and acuminate sclerites directed antero-laterally, arising from dense field of small spines (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF2FFB9FCD6FA4FA18EFA43" box="[820,922,1465,1491]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1521,1547]" captionTargetBox="[193,1392,292,1463]" captionTargetId="figure-12@27.[189,1398,280,1478]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 24. Phallosomes of Neurostigma spp., ♂. A. N. lienhardi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 6). B. N. valderramae González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 30). C. N. mockfordi González-Obando, Carrejo- Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 12). D. N. thorntoni González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 24). E. N. newi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil- Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 18). F. N. radiatum Mockford, 1991 (photo of the phallosome from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000166). G. N. paucivenosum New, 1980 (photo of the phallosome from the slide with the type specimen). H. N. roesleri New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024b: fig. 18h). I. N. dispositum (adapted from Roesler 1940: fig. 47; INPA-PSO 000165)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603881/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 24F</figureCitation>
) .............. 
<taxonomicName id="4C074AB9FFF2FFB9FBFCFA4CA763FA43" authority="Mockford, 1991" authorityName="Mockford" authorityYear="1991" box="[1054,1399,1465,1492]" class="Insecta" family="Epipsocidae" genus="Neurostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radiatum">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFF2FFB9FBFCFA4CA6A5FA44" bold="true" box="[1054,1201,1465,1492]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">N. radiatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF964CCBFFF2FFB9FB5AFA4FA763FA43" author="Mockford E." box="[1208,1399,1465,1491]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="211 - 217" refId="ref10954" refString="Mockford E. 1991. New species and records of Psocoptera (Insecta) from Roraima State, Brazil. Acta Amazonica 21: 211 - 217. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 1809 - 43921991211318" type="journal article" year="1991">Mockford, 1991</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFF2FFB9FF23FA2DA763F9EC" blockId="25.[189,1399,1398,1660]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
– Areola postica narrower basally, with Cua 1 touching wing margin at point parallel between first and second bifurcation of M (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF2FFB9FDC3FA0AA0B1F987" box="[545,677,1532,1559]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1922,1948]" captionTargetBox="[195,1398,770,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-188@5.[189,1398,758,1883]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Neurostigma alfonsoi sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000030). A. Right forewing. B. Left forewing. C. Right hindwing. D. Left hindwing. E. Right front leg. F. Right medial leg. G. Right hind leg. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603829" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603829/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 3A–B</figureCitation>
); endophallus with numerous V-shaped small spines, radula with two sclerites, these almost together in middle of endophallus, basally almost triangular and weakly sclerotized, posteriorly strongly sclerotized, with numerous acuminate projections, with two medially detached projections (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF2FFB9FDBBF997A0A0F9EB" box="[601,692,1633,1659]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[188,231,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[195,1389,780,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-229@6.[189,1398,777,1920]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Neurostigma alfonsoi sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000030). A. Hypandrium. B. Right paraproct and epiproct. C. Phallosome. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603835/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
) .............................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C074AB9FFF2FFB9FB6DF994A701F9EC" authorityName="Reategui &amp; Rafael &amp; da Silva-Neto" authorityYear="2025" box="[1167,1301,1633,1660]" class="Insecta" family="Epipsocidae" genus="Neurostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alfonsoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFF2FFB9FB6DF994A701F9EC" bold="true" box="[1167,1301,1633,1660]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">N. alfonsoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2405053FFF2FFB9FAFEF994A763F9EC" box="[1308,1399,1634,1660]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFF2FFB9FF5FF957A762F96E" blockId="25.[189,1399,1697,1791]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
15. Endophallus with indentation in anterior region, laterally with rows of spines (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF2FFB9FB60F957A6F9F92B" box="[1154,1261,1697,1723]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1521,1547]" captionTargetBox="[193,1392,292,1463]" captionTargetId="figure-12@27.[189,1398,280,1478]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 24. Phallosomes of Neurostigma spp., ♂. A. N. lienhardi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 6). B. N. valderramae González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 30). C. N. mockfordi González-Obando, Carrejo- Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 12). D. N. thorntoni González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 24). E. N. newi González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil- Nieto &amp; García Aldrete, 2021 (adapted from González-Obando et al. 2021: fig. 18). F. N. radiatum Mockford, 1991 (photo of the phallosome from the slide with the type specimen, INPA-PSO 000166). G. N. paucivenosum New, 1980 (photo of the phallosome from the slide with the type specimen). H. N. roesleri New, 1980 (adapted from Reategui et al. 2024b: fig. 18h). I. N. dispositum (adapted from Roesler 1940: fig. 47; INPA-PSO 000165)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603881/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 24D</figureCitation>
) ............... ............. 
<taxonomicName id="4C074AB9FFF2FFB9FEB1F935A763F94D" authority="Gonzalez-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Niero &amp; Garcia Aldrete, 2021" authorityName="Gonzalez-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Niero &amp; Garcia Aldrete" authorityYear="2021" box="[339,1399,1730,1757]" class="Insecta" family="Epipsocidae" genus="Neurostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thorntoni">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFF2FFB9FEB1F935A3FDF94D" bold="true" box="[339,489,1730,1757]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">N. thorntoni</emphasis>
González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Niero &amp; García Aldrete, 2021
</taxonomicName>
– Endophallus not as above (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF2FFB9FDC4F912A081F96E" box="[550,661,1764,1790]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1011,1037]" captionTargetBox="[215,1326,276,951]" captionTargetId="figure-285@19.[189,1398,262,972]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 17. Neurostigma spinosum sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000037). A. Right paraproct and epiproct. B. Phallosome. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603865/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figs 17B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF2FFB9FD43F912A0C0F96E" box="[673,724,1764,1790]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[185,228,1173,1199]" captionTargetBox="[346,1239,265,1123]" captionTargetId="figure-13@23.[340,1247,265,1134]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 21. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Hypandrium. B. Right paraproct and epiproct. C. Phallosome. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603875/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">21C</figureCitation>
) .................................................................................... 16
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFF2FFB9FF5FF8D2A763F812" blockId="25.[189,1399,1828,2023]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
16. Endophallus with slight central indentation, with field of spines close to posterolateral margins with numerous small spines on posterior edges, separated by large membranous area (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF2FFB9FB7DF8B0A71CF8F0" box="[1183,1288,1862,1888]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[185,228,1173,1199]" captionTargetBox="[346,1239,265,1123]" captionTargetId="figure-13@23.[340,1247,265,1134]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 21. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Hypandrium. B. Right paraproct and epiproct. C. Phallosome. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603875/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 21C</figureCitation>
) ............ .......................................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C074AB9FFF2FFB9FB97F89EA701F812" authorityName="Reategui &amp; Rafael &amp; da Silva-Neto" authorityYear="2025" box="[1141,1301,1895,1922]" class="Insecta" family="Epipsocidae" genus="Neurostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willkeniae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFF2FFB9FB97F89EA701F812" bold="true" box="[1141,1301,1895,1922]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">N. willkeniae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2405053FFF2FFB9FAFEF89EA763F812" box="[1308,1399,1896,1922]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFF2FFB9FF23F87CA763F877" blockId="25.[189,1399,1828,2023]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
– Endophallus with median region deeply septate with V-shaped indentation, laterally membranous with seven distinct rows of spines, separated by membranous area (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF2FFB9FBE1F85CA67FF855" box="[1027,1131,1962,1989]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1011,1037]" captionTargetBox="[215,1326,276,951]" captionTargetId="figure-285@19.[189,1398,262,972]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 17. Neurostigma spinosum sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000037). A. Right paraproct and epiproct. B. Phallosome. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603865/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 17B</figureCitation>
) ................................. ........................................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C074AB9FFF2FFB9FB9FF83AA701F876" authorityName="Reategui &amp; Rafael &amp; da Silva-Neto" authorityYear="2025" box="[1149,1301,1996,2022]" class="Insecta" family="Epipsocidae" genus="Neurostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFF2FFB9FB9FF83AA701F876" bold="true" box="[1149,1301,1996,2022]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">N. spinosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2405053FFF2FFB9FAFEF83BA763F877" box="[1308,1399,1997,2023]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>