treatments-xml/data/B3/9F/40/B39F405B0C34874C2E0B84020DFFA2D7.xml

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<mods:title id="BEC368B324729EB80819D1A6DE37AF7B">The Sawflies of Crete (Hymenoptera, Symphyta)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9AD3E1BA4DD998D3FD553813BE846CE5">Liston, Andrew D.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="B39F405B0C34874C2E0B84020DFFA2D7" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127872412" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B39F405B0C34874C2E0B84020DFFA2D7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B39F405B0C34874C2E0B84020DFFA2D7" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" scope_family="Tenthredinidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera" scope_subFamily="Selandriinae">
<subSubSection id="83E2A922D1C5E8792652C813E373F82B" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="9E23D6AA564E466CF6F9FD00B3597C17" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BD9116B0537573CF6D9A8C57F8F49D0B" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="6BDB8B8A808FCAEDB1DF859FCDEC3B79" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
† 
<taxonomicName id="662C98FCDD9B00963F56835DA3E20FE2" authority="Konow, 1887" authorityName="Konow" authorityYear="1887" genus="Aneugmenus" lsidName="Aneugmenus oertzeni" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="oertzeni">Aneugmenus oertzeni (Konow, 1887)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7987E999CA58F5CCB63CA7647C6C52A4" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="material">
<paragraph id="95E458214476D07DD3AD22F2E3ECD8F4" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="74BFF4731F9CF09AC88D7929F2D4C079" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
Crete; 2♀♀, 2♂♂, Marathos, 24.iii.2013. 20♀♀, 23♂♂, Armeni, 25.iii.2013. 2♀♀, Lakki, 21.iv.2013. 7♀♀, 19♂♂, Sempronas, 21.iv.2013. 2♀♀, 5♂♂, Drakona, 22.iv.2013. 5♀♀, 4♂♂, Theriso-Drakona, 22.iv.2013. 7♀♀, 3♂♂, Strovles, 24.iv.2013. 7♀♀, 11♂♂, Agia Irini, 26.iv.2013. 2♀♀, 12♂♂, Topolia, 29.iv.2013. 1♀, 16♂♂, Agia, 29.iv.2013. All swept from, or netted near, 
<taxonomicName id="64AA4A7E1B03818205299AB124113A83" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dennstaedtiaceae" genus="Pteridium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pteridium aquilinum" order="Polypodiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aquilinum">Pteridium aquilinum</taxonomicName>
, the only known host (
<bibRefCitation id="1748CD919532716DBB59411CB63656C4" author="Schedl, W" journalOrPublisher="Linzer biologische Beitraege" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" pagination="1259 - 1267" title="Ueberblick ueber die Arten-Diversitaet der Pflanzenwespen der griechischen Insel Kreta (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Symphyta)." volume="43" year="2011">Schedl 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5F0EF0723471CCAD1908B6943969605" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="barcode data">
<paragraph id="15012BF72B98A1643352196FF21E03E0" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Barcode data.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A4AFACAE58D5F6BF942C8ECF734C95D6" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
The barcodes of four sequenced Cretan specimens (DEIGISHym20637-206340: infraspecific variability about 0.7%) diverge by a minimum of 6.1% from the nearest neighbour 
<taxonomicName id="3EC87DF06BF487AF583A8A8D42D9EF7E" genus="Aneugmenus" lsidName="Aneugmenus bibolinii" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="bibolinii">Aneugmenus bibolinii</taxonomicName>
Zombori, 1979, represented by one male each from Corsica (first record from France: Ascu, 02.05.2004, leg. Liston, SDEI (DEIGISHym19725) and Sardinia (DEIGISHym19684): infraspecific variability about 0.7%. Minimum divergence of 
<taxonomicName id="827AA250DE684FE0409A6A5E2441DBD9" genus="Aneugmenus" lsidName="Aneugmenus oertzeni" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="oertzeni">Aneugmenus oertzeni</taxonomicName>
to the next nearest species 
<taxonomicName id="3B1DFF556DDD827CC12B6993B4313586" genus="Aneugmenus" lsidName="Aneugmenus padi" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="padi">Aneugmenus padi</taxonomicName>
is 9.2% (many specimens from central and southern Europe, and Iran).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BDE6495E74532B1E065BBE6283AF28DA" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
According to 
<bibRefCitation id="44D773C6B0176FCA719CBE8B1C78D287" author="Benson, RB" journalOrPublisher="Entomology series" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" pagination="111 - 207" title="Hymenoptera from Turkey Symphyta. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)." volume="22" year="1968">Benson (1968)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName id="5D3F96E134E2F478838BD2082B4BA03E" genus="Aneugmenus" lsidName="Aneugmenus oertzeni" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="oertzeni">Aneugmenus oertzeni</taxonomicName>
occurs not just in Crete (its type locality), but also in &quot;Turkey and S. E. Europe&quot;. However, in the same publication Benson stated that he had never seen specimens of this species. His statement may have been influenced by 
<bibRefCitation id="6729D6F20445B2B5E665A7D74193FC1F" author="Konow, FW" journalOrPublisher="Genera Insectorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" pagination="1 - 176" title="Hymenoptera. Fam. Tenthredinidae." volume="29" year="1905">Konow (1905)</bibRefCitation>
, who gave the distribution as Crete, Asia Minor and Moscow. The occurrence of 
<taxonomicName id="A595CCE9CB03179B74B1A0016941BDDC" genus="Aneugmenus" lsidName="Aneugmenus oertzeni" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="oertzeni">Aneugmenus oertzeni</taxonomicName>
outside Crete has not been confirmed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9CD3CB35C0C9682075A2E882A09078E6" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
<bibRefCitation id="D7D41A1F770793DA5863EDFD76B696E4" author="Niu, G" journalOrPublisher="Entomotaxonomia" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" pagination="221 - 232" title="Review of Aneugmenus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) with description of a new species from China and a key to world species (excluding Neotropical)." volume="35" year="2013">Niu and Wei (2013)</bibRefCitation>
placed 
<taxonomicName id="0FED6D44502D00AB918455B4905E0878" genus="Aneugmenus" lsidName="Aneugmenus oertzeni" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="oertzeni">Aneugmenus oertzeni</taxonomicName>
in 
<taxonomicName id="4D96A45F5DA1529324D4074C79E605D1" genus="Atoposelandria" lsidName="Atoposelandria" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="genus">Atoposelandria</taxonomicName>
(type species 
<taxonomicName id="70E36209EC01CD930860EF89E2B68CF8" genus="Selandria" lsidName="Selandria fuerstenbergensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="fuerstenbergensis">Selandria fuerstenbergensis</taxonomicName>
Konow, 1885), which they treated as a genus distinct from 
<taxonomicName id="5BFBE374F8EDE40C25EA35B0991A61E0" genus="Aneugmenus" lsidName="Aneugmenus" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="genus">Aneugmenus</taxonomicName>
(type species 
<taxonomicName id="5EE904968FC62301B07D3600B64C60CE" genus="Tenthredo" lsidName="Tenthredo coronata" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="coronata">Tenthredo coronata</taxonomicName>
Klug, 1818). 
<taxonomicName id="999176009807556E03403C17D89FE954" genus="Aneugmenus" lsidName="Aneugmenus fuerstenbergensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="fuerstenbergensis">Aneugmenus fuerstenbergensis</taxonomicName>
is indeed distinguished from the other West Palaearctic 
<taxonomicName id="62FF5978063238AB7E3C3E1549B91930" genus="Aneugmenus" lsidName="Aneugmenus" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="genus">Aneugmenus</taxonomicName>
species by several characters: see for example key by 
<bibRefCitation id="99D07DCD58ED6A48D9A94523EFD3066C" author="Blank, SM" editor="Taeger, A" journalOrPublisher="Goecke and Evers, Keltern" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" pagination="207 - 224" title="Die mittel- und nordeuropaeischen Selandriinae (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)." volumeTitle="Pflanzenwespen Deutschlands (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Kommentierte Bestandsaufnahme" year="1998">Blank (1998)</bibRefCitation>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="DBCEBA06CA2E53F08342367C89A83ADC" author="Niu, G" journalOrPublisher="Entomotaxonomia" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" pagination="221 - 232" title="Review of Aneugmenus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) with description of a new species from China and a key to world species (excluding Neotropical)." volume="35" year="2013">Niu and Wei (2013)</bibRefCitation>
stated that &quot; 
<taxonomicName id="FE88B2BDC9719F0970F74F12C4D3BA72" genus="Atoposelandria" lsidName="Atoposelandria" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="genus">Atoposelandria</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="F9751A46F8B25F3D37FB439E3F661018" genus="Aneugmenus" lsidName="Aneugmenus" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="genus">Aneugmenus</taxonomicName>
in the clypeus roundly and deeply incised; the frontal wall very sharp; claw slender and weakly bent, without basal lobe, and the inner tooth absent&quot;. The depth and shape of the excision of the clypeus is by no means so different between 
<taxonomicName id="55F79D55ECB8F85F3DA2CB8F17A6530C" genus="Aneugmenus" lsidName="Aneugmenus fuerstenbergensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="fuerstenbergensis">Aneugmenus fuerstenbergensis</taxonomicName>
and other 
<taxonomicName id="2D023AD7C785270B01C3FA2F5C6C041D" genus="Aneugmenus" lsidName="Aneugmenus" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="genus">Aneugmenus</taxonomicName>
as they suggest, and the development of the frontal wall shows considerable differences between the other W. Palaearctic species. On the other hand, 
<taxonomicName id="93A1E9985A81B22D547D0FDD9A493A6E" genus="Aneugmenus" lsidName="Aneugmenus fuerstenbergensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="fuerstenbergensis">Aneugmenus fuerstenbergensis</taxonomicName>
is unique amongst West Palaearctic species in the claws lacking an inner tooth, the densely transversely striated and matt abdominal terga and the lack of a sinus sexualis in the male. Nevertheless, at present there are no compelling arguments for the recognition of a separate genus, because insufficient phylogenetic evidence is available to support this, and because the practical value of the distinction is low: apart from 
<taxonomicName id="D26727345200C564004D856C7D9204F7" genus="Aneugmenus" lsidName="Aneugmenus fuerstenbergensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="fuerstenbergensis">Aneugmenus fuerstenbergensis</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="08CBA1F95F72473806A099E444001B1C" genus="Aneugmenus" lsidName="Aneugmenus oertzeni" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="oertzeni">Aneugmenus oertzeni</taxonomicName>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="D1E8CDFFE9AC6AFDE0A27D8F212874C5" author="Niu, G" journalOrPublisher="Entomotaxonomia" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" pagination="221 - 232" title="Review of Aneugmenus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) with description of a new species from China and a key to world species (excluding Neotropical)." volume="35" year="2013">Niu and Wei (2013)</bibRefCitation>
place only two other species, from the Oriental Region, in 
<taxonomicName id="342AF1AB717C5B5FDD4CAC4F513477A6" genus="Atoposelandria" lsidName="Atoposelandria" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="genus">Atoposelandria</taxonomicName>
. For the present, we point out that according to Niu and 
<normalizedToken id="8BC0E4C430E122725AA2A1B77109000F" originalValue="Wei’s">Wei's</normalizedToken>
definition of 
<taxonomicName id="4B0DF3224D32F3068D6E21ED1B983DEE" genus="Atoposelandria" lsidName="Atoposelandria" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="genus">Atoposelandria</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="6B70FD97CD12DB4D8FFC819C56E063AA" genus="Aneugmenus" lsidName="Aneugmenus oertzeni" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="oertzeni">Aneugmenus oertzeni</taxonomicName>
does not belong there, but shares the 
<normalizedToken id="C26508041D4C23F7775382CA6B8F3B93" originalValue="“generic”">&quot;generic&quot;</normalizedToken>
characters of other W. Palaearctic 
<taxonomicName id="16FC4F69C40C877D74E089B6D6DC3898" genus="Aneugmenus" lsidName="Aneugmenus" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="genus">Aneugmenus</taxonomicName>
. In particular, its claw has an inner tooth, at least half as long as the outer. The inner one is however easy to overlook, as in all 
<taxonomicName id="AC4D7052D2A98A418D43C0C4C67CEB8A" genus="Aneugmenus" lsidName="Aneugmenus" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="genus">Aneugmenus</taxonomicName>
species, because it arises close to the base of the claw and is obscured by setae and other parts of the apical tarsomere. 
<bibRefCitation id="205F9914BF407A90CE05670F7789918F" author="Schedl, W" journalOrPublisher="Berichte des Naturwissenschaftlich-Medizinischen Vereins in Innsbruck" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" pagination="145 - 157" title="Die Pflanzenwespen der Insel Kreta (Insecta: Hymenoptera, Symphyta)." volume="68" year="1981">Schedl (1981)</bibRefCitation>
, who examined the types of 
<taxonomicName id="88BF4900F7482583C0020AFB8BCD657A" genus="Selandria" lsidName="Selandria oertzeni" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="oertzeni">Selandria oertzeni</taxonomicName>
in the SDEI observed that 
<taxonomicName id="80080CE08690570539B1F789E1EA4212" genus="Aneugmenus" lsidName="Aneugmenus oertzeni" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="oertzeni">Aneugmenus oertzeni</taxonomicName>
resembles 
<taxonomicName id="B5E481BB337C9EF29DDCD37932739519" genus="Aneugmenus" lsidName="Aneugmenus coronatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="coronatus">Aneugmenus coronatus</taxonomicName>
(Klug, 1818). This is closer to reality than the comments of 
<bibRefCitation id="70368A977078682BFB371C3B17660D38" author="Benson, RB" journalOrPublisher="Entomology series" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" pagination="111 - 207" title="Hymenoptera from Turkey Symphyta. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)." volume="22" year="1968">Benson (1968)</bibRefCitation>
, who wrote of 
<taxonomicName id="1A445D270CABB8A4B9B35C35380BAB65" genus="Aneugmenus" lsidName="Aneugmenus oertzeni" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="oertzeni">Aneugmenus oertzeni</taxonomicName>
: &quot;This species, which I have never seen, is distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="071770EC337EF0ED2AE52F681349FAE7" genus="Aneugmenus" lsidName="Aneugmenus padi" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="padi">Aneugmenus padi</taxonomicName>
by its untoothed tarsal claws. From 
<taxonomicName id="881E6E1F27CE9E2600BE3D7A482F171E" genus="Aneugmenus" lsidName="Aneugmenus fuerstenbergensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="fuerstenbergensis">Aneugmenus fuerstenbergensis</taxonomicName>
it is distinguished in the ♂ by having the 6th tergite emarginate apically and a transverse groove (sinus sexualis) across the 7th tergite (as in 
<taxonomicName id="575411DB7145A159110AF2B2A217ED53" genus="Aneugmenus" lsidName="Aneugmenus padi" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="padi">Aneugmenus padi</taxonomicName>
) and the tergites yellow from the 3rd segment; and in both sexes by the shining surface of the tergites which in 
<taxonomicName id="14139083B18984348EF54E555BE68AC7" genus="Aneugmenus" lsidName="Aneugmenus fuerstenbergensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="fuerstenbergensis">Aneugmenus fuerstenbergensis</taxonomicName>
are dull with transverse striations.&quot; On reading the original description of 
<taxonomicName id="2C36663AC2986CAD974E19AE2DE68A4B" genus="Selandria" lsidName="Selandria oertzeni" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="oertzeni">Selandria oertzeni</taxonomicName>
, one sees how Benson was misled. 
<bibRefCitation id="655B3E1CD3854FB6BD6FCA5F428E1D6D" author="Konow, FW" journalOrPublisher="Wiener entomologische Zeitung" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" pagination="19 - 28" title="Neue griechische und einige andere Blattwespen." volume="6" year="1887">Konow (1887)</bibRefCitation>
wrongly stated that 
<taxonomicName id="C16E075D2C0DE9526F3EBAE7A70C6F49" class="Insecta" family="Lasiocampidae" genus="Symphyta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Symphyta oertzeni" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oertzeni">oertzeni</taxonomicName>
has simple claws and accordingly compared the taxon with the only other West Palaearctic 
<taxonomicName id="B9485B3B66997DEAABCCDAF755262C17" genus="Aneugmenus" lsidName="Aneugmenus" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="genus">Aneugmenus</taxonomicName>
species that does have simple claws, namely 
<taxonomicName id="1D921F9C866C444F438A4C54ECADDDED" genus="Aneugmenus" lsidName="Aneugmenus fuerstenbergensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="fuerstenbergensis">Aneugmenus fuerstenbergensis</taxonomicName>
. Our examination of the types of 
<taxonomicName id="13D96407A7A98996457FF17A742A7AAD" genus="Aneugmenus" lsidName="Aneugmenus oertzeni" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="oertzeni">Aneugmenus oertzeni</taxonomicName>
and the recently collected specimens revealed that this species is morphologically similar to 
<taxonomicName id="AAAC0DF2F82E40BF9ECEE53B333AD491" genus="Aneugmenus" lsidName="Aneugmenus padi" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="padi">Aneugmenus padi</taxonomicName>
. Externally, they can only be distinguished by colour characters and the larger inner tooth of the claw of 
<taxonomicName id="51376AFB527C564CF9682C0AF5C9660F" genus="Aneugmenus" lsidName="Aneugmenus padi" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="padi">Aneugmenus padi</taxonomicName>
. However, barcoding suggests a closer relationship of 
<taxonomicName id="8238B43D8029E99D8097F70A1917932E" genus="Aneugmenus" lsidName="Aneugmenus oertzeni" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="oertzeni">Aneugmenus oertzeni</taxonomicName>
to 
<taxonomicName id="102E4A025899AB149EDAF8CED066DC1E" genus="Aneugmenus" lsidName="Aneugmenus bibolinii" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="bibolinii">Aneugmenus bibolinii</taxonomicName>
than to 
<taxonomicName id="98AE6528D507C830235CA45F279ADA48" genus="Aneugmenus" lsidName="Aneugmenus padi" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="padi">Aneugmenus padi</taxonomicName>
. A revised key to West Palaearctic 
<taxonomicName id="11E4E95B3CFCC0B6221C618246ACC2EE" genus="Aneugmenus" lsidName="Aneugmenus" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="genus">Aneugmenus</taxonomicName>
species is in preparation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>