<documentid="C7F1CA61C21414A7B6AA682BFC9803FE"ID-DOI="10.3897/vz.74.e121110"ID-ZooBank="0228B083-CB4C-4DE3-8332-58DD834E7AC2"ID-publisher-id="121110"URI-arpha="F76DBFBA-0FC4-54BD-869E-0D6B3169DA92"URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/0228B083-CB4C-4DE3-8332-58DD834E7AC2"XM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin"XM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin"XM.treatments_approvedBy="admin"article-type="research-article"checkinTime="1728647925164"checkinUser="pensoft"docAuthor="Vences, Miguel, Köhler, Jörn, Hutter, Carl R., Preick, Michaela, Petzold, Alice, Rakotoarison, Andolalao, Ratsoavina, Fanomezana M., Glaw, Frank & Scherz, Mark D."docDate="2024"docId="01E0667E424F50BF8CF726ED5DC5E3F3"docLanguage="en"docName="Vertebrate Zoology 74: 643-681"docOrigin="Vertebrate Zoology 74"docSource="https://vertebrate-zoology.arphahub.com/article/121110/download/xml/"docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic"docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic"docTitle="Boophis pikei Vences, Köhler, Hutter, Preick, Petzold, Rakotoarison, Ratsoavina, Glaw & Scherz, 2024, sp. nov."docType="treatment"docVersion="3"dtd-version="3.0"lastPageNumber="681"masterDocId="F76DBFBA0FC454BD869E0D6B3169DA92"masterDocTitle="Communicator whistles: A Trek through the taxonomy of the Boophis marojezensis complex reveals seven new, morphologically cryptic treefrogs from Madagascar (Amphibia: Anura: Mantellidae)"masterLastPageNumber="681"masterPageNumber="643"pageNumber="643"updateTime="1728683483982"updateUser="admin">
<mods:titleid="76FD1E59D4DBD85462545B9F425B32F8">Communicator whistles: A Trek through the taxonomy of the Boophis marojezensis complex reveals seven new, morphologically cryptic treefrogs from Madagascar (Amphibia: Anura: Mantellidae)</mods:title>
<mods:affiliationid="F138C50D392D313B3160CD4A667DC049">Museum of Natural Sciences and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="8217E9FE18C92084DF124C05E02606AA">Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24 - 25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="6980A99D0FE12853C7B447769B45393A">Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24 - 25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="88EAEB09D25E1AC2C545E8CD5F840532">Mention Environnement, Université de l’Itasy, Faliarivo Ambohidanerana, 118 Soavinandriana Itasy, Madagascar & School for International Training, VN 41 A Bis Ankazolava Ambohitsoa, Antananarivo, 101 Madagascar</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="FB9C69AEA24E572F6CE4F10C7ECF782C">Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark</mods:affiliation>
<taxonomicNameid="22802D10CD57EE9483D562DA2731F9FF"authorityName="Vences & Köhler & Hutter & Preick & Petzold & Rakotoarison & Ratsoavina & Glaw & Scherz"authorityYear="2024"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="pikei"status="sp. nov.">
<figureCitationid="6CAA27D76A97D6E4641D6CA9FE96DE85"captionStart="Figure 6"captionStartId="F7"captionText="Figure 6. Preserved holotypes in dorsal and ventral views of the eight nominal species in the Boophis marojezensis complex described in this study."figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e121110.figure6"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1151254">Lineage C Figures 6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="269164FF656ADFB62831E8EF86665069"captionStart="Figure 10"captionStartId="F11"captionText="Figure 10. Individuals of Boophis pikei sp. nov. in life. A male paratype ZSM 394 / 2016 (ZCMV 15259) from Marojejy (Camp Simpona). B male holotype ZSM 393 / 2016 (ZCMV 15251) from Marojejy (Camp Simpona). C male from Marojejy (Camp Simpona), photo not assignable to a specific voucher specimen, photographed in 2016. D, E male paratype ZSM 1514 / 2012 (FGZC 3732) from Sorata."figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e121110.figure10"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1151258">10</figureCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="5763FBD66CFFA3AAD5BEE16561552B6A"authorityName="Glaw & Vences"authorityYear="1994"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="marojezensis">
<taxonomicNameid="BB227B7F499E04001D903EE4C218DD31"authorityName="Glaw & Vences"authorityYear="1994"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="marojezensis">
<bibRefCitationid="EA16A2C859FF1F3AF2447F12D83BC752"DOI="10.3897/zookeys.178.1410"author="Randrianiaina R-D & Strauß A & Glos J & Vences M"etAl="et al."firstAuthor="Randrianiaina"journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys"pagination="59-124"refId="B70"refString="Randrianiaina R-D, Strauß A, Glos J, Vences M (2012) Diversity of strongly rheophilous tadpoles of Malagasy tree frogs, genus Boophis (Anura, Mantellidae), and identification of new candidate species via larval DNA sequence and morphology. ZooKeys 178: 59–124. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.178.1410"title="Diversity of strongly rheophilous tadpoles of Malagasy tree frogs, genus Boophis (Anura, Mantellidae), and identification of new candidate species via larval DNA sequence and morphology."volume="178"year="2012">Randrianiaina et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="3BD61BDB75BBA07D774251440FB7445D"DOI="10.1163/15685381-00002942"author="Perl RGB & Nagy ZT & Sonet G & Glaw F & Wollenberg KC & Vences M"etAl="et al."firstAuthor="Perl"journalOrPublisher="Amphibia - Reptilia"pagination="197-206"refId="B64"refString="Perl RGB, Nagy ZT, Sonet G, Glaw F, Wollenberg KC, Vences M (2014) DNA barcoding Madagascar’s amphibian fauna. Amphibia - Reptilia 35: 197–206. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00002942"title="DNA barcoding Madagascar’s amphibian fauna."volume="35"year="2014">Perl et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitationid="13332910C0A196E0FFBE4C676574D1A4"DOI="10.1016/j.ympev.2018.05.027"author="Hutter CR & Lambert SM & Andriampenomanana ZF & Glaw F & Vences M"etAl="et al."firstAuthor="Hutter"journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution"pagination="568-578"refId="B42"refString="Hutter CR, Lambert SM, Andriampenomanana ZF, Glaw F, Vences M (2018) Molecular systematics and diversification of Malagasy bright-eyed tree frogs (Mantellidae: Boophis). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 127: 568–578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.05.027"title="Molecular systematics and diversification of Malagasy bright-eyed tree frogs (Mantellidae: Boophis)."volume="127"year="2018">Hutter et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
. This lineage also includes those specimens referred to
<taxonomicNameid="A608EC8184242F17D2F42E120052F623"authorityName="Glaw & Vences"authorityYear="1994"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="marojezensis">
<bibRefCitationid="134B2D93FFA171A151611F55E3D24549"DOI="10.3897/zookeys.178.1410"author="Randrianiaina R-D & Strauß A & Glos J & Vences M"etAl="et al."firstAuthor="Randrianiaina"journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys"pagination="59-124"refId="B70"refString="Randrianiaina R-D, Strauß A, Glos J, Vences M (2012) Diversity of strongly rheophilous tadpoles of Malagasy tree frogs, genus Boophis (Anura, Mantellidae), and identification of new candidate species via larval DNA sequence and morphology. ZooKeys 178: 59–124. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.178.1410"title="Diversity of strongly rheophilous tadpoles of Malagasy tree frogs, genus Boophis (Anura, Mantellidae), and identification of new candidate species via larval DNA sequence and morphology."volume="178"year="2012">Randrianiaina et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
. It was included in
<taxonomicNameid="BBCE6908D6E12768995A797A9D419A6B"authorityName="Glaw & Vences"authorityYear="1994"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="marojezensis">
<bibRefCitationid="D2FFC472590A3E4AB4D29FF738F8AFF7"author="Glaw F & Vences M"firstAuthor="Glaw"journalOrPublisher="Vences and Glaw Verlags GbR, Cologne"refId="B37"refString="Glaw F, Vences M (2007) A Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar. Vences and Glaw Verlags GbR, Cologne, 496 pp."title="A Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar."year="2007">Glaw and Vences (2007)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitationid="C897A1A75AE0F51692FBAF2CD70527A5"DOI="10.1073/pnas.0810821106"author="Vieites DR & Wollenberg KC & Andreone F & Köhler J & Glaw F & Vences M"etAl="et al."firstAuthor="Vieites"journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA"pagination="8267-8272"refId="B95"refString="Vieites DR, Wollenberg KC, Andreone F, Köhler J, Glaw F, Vences M (2009) Vast underestimation of Madagascar’s biodiversity evidenced by an integrative amphibian inventory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 106: 8267–8272. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0810821106"title="Vast underestimation of Madagascar’s biodiversity evidenced by an integrative amphibian inventory."volume="106"year="2009">Vieites et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
, and not explicitly included or mentioned by
<bibRefCitationid="852465239F5C0E8CBB35718B5AC6BB21"author="Glaw F & Vences M & Andreone F & Vallan D"etAl="et al."firstAuthor="Glaw"journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society"pagination="495-529"refId="B38"refString="Glaw F, Vences M, Andreone F, Vallan D (2001) Revision of the Boophis majori group (Amphibia: Mantellidae) from Madagascar, with descriptions of five new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 133: 495–529."title="Revision of the Boophis majori group (Amphibia: Mantellidae) from Madagascar, with descriptions of five new species."volume="133"year="2001">Glaw et al. (2001)</bibRefCitation>
<materialsCitationid="404B350CB35151D99EA7C33E17ABA205"collectingDate="2016-11-18"collectionCode="ZSM, ZCMV"collectorName="M. D. Scherz & A. Rakotoarison & M. Bletz & M. Vences & J. Razafindraibe"country="Madagascar"elevation="1325"latitude="-14.4366"location="Camp 3 " Simpona ""longLatPrecision="7"longitude="49.7434"municipality="Marojejy National Park"specimenCode="ZSM 393 / 2016"specimenCount="1"specimenCount-male="1"typeStatus="holotype">
<materialsCitationid="8362B9894AC8D714D66A86AB38F8AD80"collectedFrom="bamboo forest above a campsite"collectingDate="2012-11-30"collectionCode="ZSM"collectorName="F. Glaw, O. Hawlitschek & T. Rajoafiarison & A. Rakotoarison & F. M. Ratsoavina & A. Razafimanantsoa"elevation="1485"latitude="-13.6752"location="Sorata massif"longLatPrecision="7"longitude="49.441"specimenCode="ZSM 1514 / 2012"specimenCount="1"specimenCount-male="1">
<materialsCitationid="8352D7F0C86529F4071E2D6D54B01345"collectingDate="2005-02-16"collectionCode="ZSM"collectorName="F. Glaw & M. Vences & R. D. Randrianiaina"elevation="1326"latitude="-14.4367"location="Camp 3 " Simpona ""longLatPrecision="7"longitude="49.7434"municipality="Marojejy National Park"specimenCode="ZSM 107 / 2005, ZSM 108 / 2005, ZSM 109 / 2005, ZSM 110 / 2005"specimenCount="4"specimenCount-male="4">
<materialsCitationid="60E1BC2A047B05CEF6C472E733743BC8"collectingDate="2012-11-28"collectionCode="ZSM"collectorName="F. Glaw & O. Hawlitschek & T. Rajoafiarison & A. Rakotoarison & F. M. Ratsoavina & A. Razafimanantsoa"elevation="1398"latitude="-13.6811"location="Sorata"longLatPrecision="7"longitude="49.4455"specimenCode="ZSM 1515 / 2012"specimenCount="1"specimenCount-male="1">
, presence of intercalary element between ultimate and penultimate phalanx of fingers and toes (verified by external examination), presence of webbing between fingers, presence of nuptial pads in males, and absence of femoral glands in males. Assigned to the
<taxonomicNameid="7F1DC795805FEEFBDD671176760BAF6B"authorityName="Glaw & Vences"authorityYear="1994"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="blommersae">
21.4–25.0 mm), predominantly brownish dorsal coloration, absence of red color on webbing or ventral side of limbs, suctorial stream-dwelling tadpoles, and molecular phylogenetic relationships. Within the
<taxonomicNameid="8B9D8F3AE163405B98391529DEFE97E4"authorityName="Glaw & Vences"authorityYear="1994"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="blommersae">
group, defined by absence of dorsolateral bands, absence of red color in outer iris area, and advertisement calls with high dominant frequencies of 5174–5507 Hz, consisting of fast series of 25–33 short whistling notes of 12–98 ms duration. Also characterized by numerous diagnostic nucleotide positions in the mitochondrial
rRNA gene: MolD identified the following robust diagnostic nucleotide combination compared to all other species in the
<taxonomicNameid="D4BC65AF8E137815BEF6579F44A6C292"authorityName="Glaw & Vences"authorityYear="1994"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="marojezensis">
<taxonomicNameid="1282DADD37A5F1D2E170EB19935593A3"authorityName="Glaw & Vences"authorityYear="1994"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="blommersae">
<taxonomicNameid="C63DBD6457FEAE7FEEA22313D66F4FBA"authorityName="Glaw & Vences"authorityYear="1994"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="blommersae">
by calls consisting of a fast series of short whistles (vs. pulsed trills); and from
<taxonomicNameid="5F038D83232C5749FF330C58CA1FD2D1"authorityName="Glaw, Vences, Andreone & Vallan"authorityYear="2001"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="vittatus">
by calls consisting of a fast series of short whistles (vs. series of short clicks), and absence of dorsolateral stripes (vs. presence). Furthermore, distinguished from
<taxonomicNameid="048F188C1894E83AD55680FB118A9768"authorityName="Glaw & Vences"authorityYear="1994"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="marojezensis">
by advertisement calls consisting of 25–33 notes (vs. 7–8 notes); from
<taxonomicNameid="30E2C8361D5AB67385AA8AA9E443D652"authorityName="Vences & Köhler & Hutter & Preick & Petzold & Rakotoarison & Ratsoavina & Glaw & Scherz"authorityYear="2024"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="kirki"status="sp. nov.">
by advertisement calls consisting of 25–33 notes (vs. 9–19 notes) and absence of red color in outer iris area (vs. presence in some specimens); and from
<taxonomicNameid="2F93E1BD5CD811BA60D8F6905D609AB0"authorityName="Vences & Köhler & Hutter & Preick & Petzold & Rakotoarison & Ratsoavina & Glaw & Scherz"authorityYear="2024"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="picardi"status="sp. nov.">
by advertisement calls consisting of 25–33 notes (vs. 17–25 notes) of maximum duration of 98 ms (vs. max. duration of 225 ms), and absence of red color in outer iris area (vs. distinct in many specimens). For a distinction from other species of the
<taxonomicNameid="8F5BC1815475EE5CB00EE6502C86D31E"authorityName="Glaw & Vences"authorityYear="1994"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="marojezensis">
, muscle tissue removed from right thigh for molecular analysis. Body slender; head slightly wider than long, much wider than body; snout rounded in dorsal view and rounded to slightly sloped in lateral view; nostrils directed laterally, equidistant to eye and tip of snout; canthus rostralis indistinct, slightly concave in dorsal view, loreal region slightly concave; tympanum indistinct but recognizable, round,
; supratympanic fold poorly recognizable, mostly straight; vomerine odontophores weakly developed, well-separated in two very small rounded aggregations, positioned posteromedial to choanae; choanae medium-sized, rounded; maxillary teeth present. Tongue ovoid, posteriorly bifid, free. Arms slender, forearms of slightly larger diameter, subarticular tubercles single, round; metacarpal tubercles not recognizable; fingers weakly webbed and with lateral dermal fringes; webbing formula 1 (traces), 2 i (traces), 2 e (traces), 3 i (traces), 3 e (2), 4 (1.25); relative length of fingers 1 <2 <4 <3 (finger 2 distinctly shorter than finger 4); finger discs enlarged, rounded; nuptial pads recognizable as unpigmented swelling on first finger. Hindlimbs slender; tibiotarsal articulation reaching beyond tip of snout when hindlimb is adpressed along body; lateral metatarsalia separated by webbing; inner metatarsal tubercle small, distinct, elongated; no outer metatarsal tubercle; toes broadly webbed; webbing formula 1 (1), 2 i (1.5), 2 e (0.5), 3 i (1.75), 3 e (0.5), 4 i (1.75), 4 e (1.75), 5 (1); relative length of toes 1 <2 <3 ≤ 5 <4; toe discs enlarged, rounded. Skin smooth on dorsal surfaces, throat, chest, and ventral surface of thighs, finely granular on belly; cloacal region surrounded by an area of distinct, large, white-colored granules.
</paragraph>
<paragraphid="82A9D7DA426C906F84C6EA3ACB8C329F">
In preservative, 7 years after collection (Fig.
<figureCitationid="BBC74582445AF18C196299BC6E89398B"captionStart="Figure 6"captionStartId="F7"captionText="Figure 6. Preserved holotypes in dorsal and ventral views of the eight nominal species in the Boophis marojezensis complex described in this study."figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e121110.figure6"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1151254">6</figureCitation>
), dorsally brown with a distinct and moderately contrasted dark brown hourglass marking on anterior part of the dorsum, and a dark brown chevron-like transverse marking on the posterior part of the dorsum. An indistinct narrow dark transverse bar is visible between the eyes. Very few poorly contrasted light spots are scattered across the dorsum. Limbs light brown with distinct darker brown crossbands: about 3 on forearm, 3–5 on shank, 5 on thigh. Ventrally cream, white on belly, with dark pigment on ventral side of feet. In life (Fig.
<figureCitationid="BAC3FAFECA90CED732B6D256F8ED8049"captionStart="Figure 10"captionStartId="F11"captionText="Figure 10. Individuals of Boophis pikei sp. nov. in life. A male paratype ZSM 394 / 2016 (ZCMV 15259) from Marojejy (Camp Simpona). B male holotype ZSM 393 / 2016 (ZCMV 15251) from Marojejy (Camp Simpona). C male from Marojejy (Camp Simpona), photo not assignable to a specific voucher specimen, photographed in 2016. D, E male paratype ZSM 1514 / 2012 (FGZC 3732) from Sorata."figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e121110.figure10"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1151258">10</figureCitation>
), similar but overall lighter and dorsal pattern less contrasted. Iris yellowish to beige, iris periphery turquoise.
<collectionCodeid="8F8962638B5D78C63937082B27F5667F"country="Germany"httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec"name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology"type="Museum">ZSM</collectionCode>
<collectionCodeid="DA4D471EA845985C3AB15B80B849242E"country="Germany"httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec"name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology"type="Museum">ZSM</collectionCode>
<collectionCodeid="FAEE25A6EC244CD185AA7DA33928B835"country="Germany"httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec"name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology"type="Museum">ZSM</collectionCode>
<figureCitationid="23DF50B6FCA9293AA21401F3FB546EBC"captionStart="Figure 10"captionStartId="F11"captionText="Figure 10. Individuals of Boophis pikei sp. nov. in life. A male paratype ZSM 394 / 2016 (ZCMV 15259) from Marojejy (Camp Simpona). B male holotype ZSM 393 / 2016 (ZCMV 15251) from Marojejy (Camp Simpona). C male from Marojejy (Camp Simpona), photo not assignable to a specific voucher specimen, photographed in 2016. D, E male paratype ZSM 1514 / 2012 (FGZC 3732) from Sorata."figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e121110.figure10"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1151258">10</figureCitation>
). Ventrally, in one photographed specimen, the belly is white, flanks unpigmented, and only traces of orange color are visible on hindlimbs (Fig.
<figureCitationid="3B521E0AB03D9D5084F1ED3EED5B7202"captionStart="Figure 10"captionStartId="F11"captionText="Figure 10. Individuals of Boophis pikei sp. nov. in life. A male paratype ZSM 394 / 2016 (ZCMV 15259) from Marojejy (Camp Simpona). B male holotype ZSM 393 / 2016 (ZCMV 15251) from Marojejy (Camp Simpona). C male from Marojejy (Camp Simpona), photo not assignable to a specific voucher specimen, photographed in 2016. D, E male paratype ZSM 1514 / 2012 (FGZC 3732) from Sorata."figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e121110.figure10"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1151258">10 E</figureCitation>
). A sharply contrasted patch on the posterior-most dorsum is present in
<collectionCodeid="4F93E4C47F32063A492AA648DBDA55FD"country="Germany"httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec"name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology"type="Museum">ZSM</collectionCode>
<collectionCodeid="704FC5C58602771BDB3162D5F420C211"country="Germany"httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec"name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology"type="Museum">ZSM</collectionCode>
<collectionCodeid="EF34311DD83855F046B032BB4B196D5A"country="Germany"httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec"name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology"type="Museum">ZSM</collectionCode>
<figureCitationid="B44E533E12758A56C7DCC27F9EBE77EA"captionStart="Figure 10"captionStartId="F11"captionText="Figure 10. Individuals of Boophis pikei sp. nov. in life. A male paratype ZSM 394 / 2016 (ZCMV 15259) from Marojejy (Camp Simpona). B male holotype ZSM 393 / 2016 (ZCMV 15251) from Marojejy (Camp Simpona). C male from Marojejy (Camp Simpona), photo not assignable to a specific voucher specimen, photographed in 2016. D, E male paratype ZSM 1514 / 2012 (FGZC 3732) from Sorata."figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e121110.figure10"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1151258">10</figureCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="F22603C49CEEF2548DA67A3A94D138D3"authorityName="Vences & Köhler & Hutter & Preick & Petzold & Rakotoarison & Ratsoavina & Glaw & Scherz"authorityYear="2024"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="pikei"status="sp. nov.">
<paragraphid="685F3B7C484761C31A57C595C604DF86">Named after the fictional character Captain Christopher Pike, first portrayed by Sean Kenney and Jeffrey Hunter in Gene Roddenberry’s Star Trek (The Original Series), and later portrayed by Anson Mount in Akiva Goldsman, Alex Kurtzman, and Jenny Lumet’s Star Trek: Strange New Worlds.</paragraph>
Tadpoles of this species were described and illustrated under the names
<taxonomicNameid="C91FB2FD4B30CCE59999C683584A395A"authorityName="Glaw & Vences"authorityYear="1994"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="marojezensis">
<taxonomicNameid="A0C3ADB392A85600DAFF3EAACEAC270C"authorityName="Glaw & Vences"authorityYear="1994"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="marojezensis">
<bibRefCitationid="5FD5D75A9BD653EDE6160C1E34557F9A"DOI="10.3897/zookeys.178.1410"author="Randrianiaina R-D & Strauß A & Glos J & Vences M"etAl="et al."firstAuthor="Randrianiaina"journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys"pagination="59-124"refId="B70"refString="Randrianiaina R-D, Strauß A, Glos J, Vences M (2012) Diversity of strongly rheophilous tadpoles of Malagasy tree frogs, genus Boophis (Anura, Mantellidae), and identification of new candidate species via larval DNA sequence and morphology. ZooKeys 178: 59–124. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.178.1410"title="Diversity of strongly rheophilous tadpoles of Malagasy tree frogs, genus Boophis (Anura, Mantellidae), and identification of new candidate species via larval DNA sequence and morphology."volume="178"year="2012">Randrianiaina et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
<collectionCodeid="71CFA4E25A77D7770731521B78CD32CB"country="Germany"httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec"name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology"type="Museum">ZSM</collectionCode>
<collectionCodeid="A3B4B5DDF0F61A74D1638E3B0080E1A9"country="Germany"httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec"name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology"type="Museum">ZSM</collectionCode>
) from Tsaratanana, respectively. As typical for all tadpoles of the group, the larvae belong to the “ suctorial ” ecomorphological guild. They have a large oral disk used to adhere to stones in fast-flowing water, a labial tooth row formula of 7 (5-7) / 3, and large numbers of oral papillae (243–290 marginal and 452–660 submarginal; without dorsal gap). They are characterized by presence of a lateral transparent area of the integument.
<taxonomicNameid="0D2B877B5A09DFE86CEC8BDAF0C84073"authorityName="Vences & Köhler & Hutter & Preick & Petzold & Rakotoarison & Ratsoavina & Glaw & Scherz"authorityYear="2024"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="pikei"status="sp. nov.">
<dateid="C6DF461D0302A654D8D1BDCC0FABF01E"value="2016-11-18">18 November 2016</date>
, 21: 35 h (air temperature not recorded) consist of a high-pitched trill-like call composed of multiple very short tonal notes repeated at rather regular intervals and rapid succession. Within calls, usually the last 2–3 notes are slightly longer in duration when compared to leading notes (48–98 vs. 12–33 ms), and amplitude is modulated among notes, with call energy steadily increasing from the first to the last note of the call. Each note exhibits an upward frequency modulation, which is only very slightly expressed in the short notes, but more distinct in the last 2–3 notes of the call, comprising a shift in frequency ~ 100 Hz at maximum from beginning to the end of the note. Frequency modulation across the entire call may show some slight downward shift (Fig.
<figureCitationid="DE0AA59ADE282526F37CC31A4993E9D2"captionStart="Figure 5"captionStartId="F6"captionText="Figure 5. Comparative spectrograms and oscillograms illustrating representative calls of various species in the Boophis marojezensis complex, all at 4000 ms time scale."figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e121110.figure5"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1151253">5</figureCitation>
). Numerical parameters of four analyzed calls from different individuals are as follows: call duration 921–1218 ms (1134.3 ± 142.6 ms); notes / call 25–33 (29.0 ± 3.4); note duration 12–98 ms (29.1 ± 22.6 ms); inter-note interval 17–31 ms (21.7 ± 4.1 ms); note repetition rate within calls varies between ca. 26–30 notes / second; dominant frequency 5174–5507 Hz (5367 ± 144 Hz); prevalent bandwidth 4800–5700 Hz.
According to molecular data summarized herein, the species is known from (1) the type locality, higher elevations at the Marojejy Massif (around Camp Simpona), and (2) the Sorata Massif. Based on tadpoles, it also has been recorded (3) on the Tsaratanana Massif at a site called Antevialambazaha (
<bibRefCitationid="A6A4FFED460292F92FA097EAAEC53FE7"DOI="10.3897/zookeys.178.1410"author="Randrianiaina R-D & Strauß A & Glos J & Vences M"etAl="et al."firstAuthor="Randrianiaina"journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys"pagination="59-124"refId="B70"refString="Randrianiaina R-D, Strauß A, Glos J, Vences M (2012) Diversity of strongly rheophilous tadpoles of Malagasy tree frogs, genus Boophis (Anura, Mantellidae), and identification of new candidate species via larval DNA sequence and morphology. ZooKeys 178: 59–124. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.178.1410"title="Diversity of strongly rheophilous tadpoles of Malagasy tree frogs, genus Boophis (Anura, Mantellidae), and identification of new candidate species via larval DNA sequence and morphology."volume="178"year="2012">Randrianiaina et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
. The elevational range of the species spans between
