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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.72.e78830" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2625-8498-72-271" ID-Pensoft-UUID="4D682458C96F5B899212B96F789A9403" ID-ZooBank="229EBA83732F477C9B2212222131274C" ModsDocID="2625-8498-72-271" checkinTime="1653650055619" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Vences, Miguel, Koehler, Joern, Crottini, Angelica, Hofreiter, Michael, Hutter, Carl R., du Preez, Louis, Preick, Michaela, Rakotoarison, Andolalao, Rancilhac, Lois, Raselimanana, Achille P., Rosa, Goncalo M., Scherz, Mark D. & Glaw, Frank" docDate="2022" docId="4BC165C9F47B509D9749AB0F20092B4D" docLanguage="en" docName="VertZool 72: 271-309" docOrigin="Vertebrate Zoology 72" docPubDate="2022-05-26" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.72.e78830" docTitle="Gephyromantis malagasius" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="4D682458C96F5B899212B96F789A9403" lastPageNumber="271" masterDocId="4D682458C96F5B899212B96F789A9403" masterDocTitle="An integrative taxonomic revision and redefinition of Gephyromantis (Laurentomantis) malagasius based on archival DNA analysis reveals four new mantellid frog species from Madagascar" masterLastPageNumber="309" masterPageNumber="271" pageNumber="271" updateTime="1653650055619" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>An integrative taxonomic revision and redefinition of Gephyromantis (Laurentomantis) malagasius based on archival DNA analysis reveals four new mantellid frog species from Madagascar</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Vences, Miguel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0747-0817</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Zoologisches Institut, Technische Universitaet Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">m.vences@tu-bs.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Koehler, Joern</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt, Friedensplatz 1, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Crottini, Angelica</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8505-3050</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>CIBIO, Centro de Investigacao em Biodiversidade e Recursos Geneticos, InBIO Laboratorio Associado, Campus de Vairao, Universidade do Porto, 4485 - 661 Vairao, Portugal & Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade do Porto, 4099 - 002 Porto, Portugal & BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairao, 4485 - 661 Vairao, Portugal</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hofreiter, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institut fuer Biochemie und Biologie, Universitaet Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24 - 25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Hutter, Carl R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Museum of Natural Sciences and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>du Preez, Louis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3332-6053</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Unit for Environmental Sciences and Development ,, North-West University, Potchefstroom campus, Private Bag X 6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa & South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Preick, Michaela</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institut fuer Biochemie und Biologie, Universitaet Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24 - 25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rakotoarison, Andolalao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Mention Zoologie et Biodiversite Animale, Universite d'Antananarivo, BP 906, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rancilhac, Lois</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Zoologisches Institut, Technische Universitaet Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Raselimanana, Achille P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Mention Zoologie et Biodiversite Animale, Universite d'Antananarivo, BP 906, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar & Association Vahatra, Lot V A 38 LBA Ter Ambohidempona Tsiadana, BP 3972, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rosa, Goncalo M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8658-8436</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London NW 1 4 RY, UK & Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE 3 c), Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749 - 016 Lisboa, Portugal</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Scherz, Mark D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Glaw, Frank</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4072-8111</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Zoologische Staatssammlung Muenchen (ZSM-SNSB), Muenchhausenstr. 21, 81247 Muenchen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Vertebrate Zoology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-05-26</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>72</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>271</mods:start>
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<mods:end>309</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.72.e78830</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.72.e78830</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2625-8498-72-271</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">229EBA83732F477C9B2212222131274C</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">4D682458C96F5B899212B96F789A9403</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4BC165C9F47B509D9749AB0F20092B4D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4BC165C9F47B509D9749AB0F20092B4D" lastPageNumber="271" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="271" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="271">
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<taxonomicName LSID="4BC165C9-F47B-509D-9749-AB0F20092B4D" authority="(Methuen and Hewitt, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Methuen and Hewitt" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gephyromantis malagasius" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="malagasius">Gephyromantis malagasius (Methuen and Hewitt, 1913)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="271" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="271">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Methuen & Hewitt" authorityYear="1913" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Microphryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microphryne malagasia" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="malagasia">Microphryne malagasia</taxonomicName>
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Methuen and Hewitt, 1913b: 55
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="271">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Angel" authorityYear="1935" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Trachymantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trachymantis malagasia subsp. ventrimaculatus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="malagasia" subSpecies="ventrimaculatus">Trachymantis malagasia ventrimaculatus</taxonomicName>
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Angel, 1935: 205; syn. nov.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="271" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Note.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="271">
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As discussed above, we redefine
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<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. malagasius" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" rank="species" species="malagasius">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">G. malagasius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on molecular data from the holotype as containing those frogs previously considered as
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<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. ventrimaculatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" rank="species" species="ventrimaculatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">G. ventrimaculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation author="Blommers-Schloesser, RMA" journalOrPublisher="Faune de Madagascar, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" pagination="1 - 379" refId="B10" refString="Blommers-Schloesser, RMA, Blanc, CP, 1991. Amphibiens (premiere partie). Faune de Madagascar, Paris 75: 1 - 379" title="Amphibiens (premiere partie)." volume="75" year="1991">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Blommers-Schlösser">Blommers-Schloesser</normalizedToken>
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and Blanc 1991
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Vences, M" journalOrPublisher="Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" pagination="191 - 212" refId="B58" refString="Vences, M, Glaw, F, Andreone, F, Jesu, R, Schimmenti, G, 2002. Systematic revision of the enigmatic Malagasy broad-headed frogs (Laurentomantis Dubois, 1980), and their phylogenetic position within the endemic mantellid radiation of Madagascar. Contributions to Zoology 70: 191 - 212" title="Systematic revision of the enigmatic Malagasy broad-headed frogs (Laurentomantis Dubois, 1980), and their phylogenetic position within the endemic mantellid radiation of Madagascar." volume="70" year="2002">Vences et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Glaw, F" journalOrPublisher="Vences and Glaw Verlag, Cologne" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" refId="B23" refString="Glaw, F, Vences, M, 2007. A Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar. Third edition. Vences and Glaw Verlag, Cologne" title="A Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar. Third edition." year="2007">Glaw and Vences 2007</bibRefCitation>
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). These frogs are easily recognizable by their reddish-brown dorsum with highly expressed tubercular skin texture, and a highly contrasted ventral color with grayish to bluish reticulations on a deep black ground color (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Specimens of Gephyromantis malagasius (previously considered as G. ventrimaculatus, herein considered to be a junior synonym of G. malagasius), in life. A, B Adult male from Ranomafana in dorsolateral and ventral view, photographed 2006, probably corresponding to voucher specimen ZSM 537 / 2006 (ZCMV 3362). C, D Adult male from Manombo, ZSM 2464 / 2007 (ZCMV 5497) in dorsolateral and ventral view, photographed 2007. E, F Adult male from Ranomafana (Vohiparara), photographed 1996, possibly corresponding to voucher specimen ZFMK 62281. G, H Adult male from Ambohitantely, not clearly assignable to a voucher specimen, photographed in 2017 in Ambohitantely Special Reserve. Not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e78830.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688683" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">13</figureCitation>
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). A tibial gland is absent. As hypothesized in the Molecular Phylogenetics section, we assume this typical color pattern has faded in the holotype of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Methuen & Hewitt" authorityYear="1913" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Microphryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microphryne malagasia" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="malagasia">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Microphryne malagasia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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while its general morphology roughly agrees with the morphology of the other specimens assigned to the species, despite being of smaller size (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. A, B Preserved holotype of Gephyromantis malagasius (originally named Microphryne malagasia; specimen TMP 10076) in dorsal and ventral view. C, D Preserved lectotype of Trachymantis malagasia ventrimaculatus (MNHN 1935.172), herein considered as a junior synonym of G. malagasius. Photos C and D by Antoine Fraysse, project MNHN-RECOLNAT (ANR- 11 - INBS- 0004), photographed in 2015 (http: // coldb. mnhn. fr / catalognumber / mnhn / ra / 1935.173)" figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e78830.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688684" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">14</figureCitation>
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).
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<bibRefCitation author="Vences, M" journalOrPublisher="Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" pagination="191 - 212" refId="B58" refString="Vences, M, Glaw, F, Andreone, F, Jesu, R, Schimmenti, G, 2002. Systematic revision of the enigmatic Malagasy broad-headed frogs (Laurentomantis Dubois, 1980), and their phylogenetic position within the endemic mantellid radiation of Madagascar. Contributions to Zoology 70: 191 - 212" title="Systematic revision of the enigmatic Malagasy broad-headed frogs (Laurentomantis Dubois, 1980), and their phylogenetic position within the endemic mantellid radiation of Madagascar." volume="70" year="2002">Vences et al. (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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discussed the mention in the original description (
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<bibRefCitation author="Methuen, PA" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Transvaal Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" pagination="49 - 64" refId="B36" refString="Methuen, PA, Hewitt, J, 1913b. On a collection of Batrachia from Madagascar made during the year 1911. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 4: 49 - 64" title="On a collection of Batrachia from Madagascar made during the year 1911." volume="4" year="1913 b">Methuen and Hewitt 1913b</bibRefCitation>
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) of "large white blotches" present on the "hidden surface of the thighs and tibiae", and interpreted this pattern as indicative of the reddish areas in life present on those frogs they assigned to
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<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. malagasius" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" rank="species" species="malagasius">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">G. malagasius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. However, the described pattern might as well correspond to the contrasted markings found on the ventral side of the specimens previously considered as
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<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. ventrimaculatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" rank="species" species="ventrimaculatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">G. ventrimaculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
, which might have persisted in the hidden (not light-exposed) parts of the limbs at the time of the original description.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.72.e78830.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688683" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="271">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Figure 13.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Specimens of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Methuen and Hewitt" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gephyromantis malagasius" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="malagasius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Gephyromantis malagasius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(previously considered as
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. ventrimaculatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" rank="species" species="ventrimaculatus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">G. ventrimaculatus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, herein considered to be a junior synonym of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. malagasius" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" rank="species" species="malagasius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">G. malagasius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
), in life.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">A</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">B</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Adult male from Ranomafana in dorsolateral and ventral view, photographed 2006, probably corresponding to voucher specimen ZSM 537/2006 (ZCMV 3362).
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">C</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">D</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Adult male from Manombo, ZSM 2464/2007 (ZCMV 5497) in dorsolateral and ventral view, photographed 2007.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">E</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">F</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Adult male from Ranomafana (Vohiparara), photographed 1996, possibly corresponding to voucher specimen ZFMK 62281.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">G</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">H</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Adult male from Ambohitantely, not clearly assignable to a voucher specimen, photographed in 2017 in Ambohitantely Special Reserve. Not to scale.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.72.e78830.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688684" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" start="Figure 14" startId="F14">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="271">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Figure 14.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">A</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">B</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Preserved holotype of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Methuen and Hewitt" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gephyromantis malagasius" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="malagasius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Gephyromantis malagasius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(originally named
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Methuen & Hewitt" authorityYear="1913" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Microphryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microphryne malagasia" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="malagasia">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Microphryne malagasia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
; specimen TMP 10076) in dorsal and ventral view.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">C</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">D</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Preserved lectotype of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Angel" authorityYear="1935" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Trachymantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trachymantis malagasia subsp. ventrimaculatus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="malagasia" subSpecies="ventrimaculatus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Trachymantis malagasia ventrimaculatus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(MNHN 1935.172), herein considered as a junior synonym of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. malagasius" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" rank="species" species="malagasius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">G. malagasius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Photos C and D by Antoine Fraysse, project MNHN-RECOLNAT (ANR-11-INBS-0004), photographed in 2015 (http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/ra/1935.173)
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="271">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Vences, M" journalOrPublisher="Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" pagination="191 - 212" refId="B58" refString="Vences, M, Glaw, F, Andreone, F, Jesu, R, Schimmenti, G, 2002. Systematic revision of the enigmatic Malagasy broad-headed frogs (Laurentomantis Dubois, 1980), and their phylogenetic position within the endemic mantellid radiation of Madagascar. Contributions to Zoology 70: 191 - 212" title="Systematic revision of the enigmatic Malagasy broad-headed frogs (Laurentomantis Dubois, 1980), and their phylogenetic position within the endemic mantellid radiation of Madagascar." volume="70" year="2002">Vences et al. (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
also provided information on the femoral gland of the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. malagasius" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" rank="species" species="malagasius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">G. malagasius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
holotype, which according to them consists of 1-2 granules (examined in external view), while the femoral glands of specimens assigned to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. ventrimaculatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" rank="species" species="ventrimaculatus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">G. ventrimaculatus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
were found to consist of nine granules. For this study, we unfortunately were not able to examine the gland of the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Methuen and Hewitt" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gephyromantis malagasius" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="malagasius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Gephyromantis malagasius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
holotype in internal view, but a detailed look in external view (Fig.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Specimens of Gephyromantis malagasius (previously considered as G. ventrimaculatus, herein considered to be a junior synonym of G. malagasius), in life. A, B Adult male from Ranomafana in dorsolateral and ventral view, photographed 2006, probably corresponding to voucher specimen ZSM 537 / 2006 (ZCMV 3362). C, D Adult male from Manombo, ZSM 2464 / 2007 (ZCMV 5497) in dorsolateral and ventral view, photographed 2007. E, F Adult male from Ranomafana (Vohiparara), photographed 1996, possibly corresponding to voucher specimen ZFMK 62281. G, H Adult male from Ambohitantely, not clearly assignable to a voucher specimen, photographed in 2017 in Ambohitantely Special Reserve. Not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e78830.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688683" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">13</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) reveals a rounded, well-defined structure, which may consist of several granules (more than the 1-2 previously reported), and clearly differs from the corresponding gland structures typical for specimens of lineage B where one or two single granules are arranged longitudinally on the ventral thigh; however, at least lineages C and D also have glands composed of more (4-7) granules, suggesting that femoral gland characteristics cannot be used to unambiguously allocate the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Methuen and Hewitt" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gephyromantis malagasius" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="malagasius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Gephyromantis malagasius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
holotype to a genetic lineage. Summarizing morphometric measurements of
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Vences, M" journalOrPublisher="Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" pagination="191 - 212" refId="B58" refString="Vences, M, Glaw, F, Andreone, F, Jesu, R, Schimmenti, G, 2002. Systematic revision of the enigmatic Malagasy broad-headed frogs (Laurentomantis Dubois, 1980), and their phylogenetic position within the endemic mantellid radiation of Madagascar. Contributions to Zoology 70: 191 - 212" title="Systematic revision of the enigmatic Malagasy broad-headed frogs (Laurentomantis Dubois, 1980), and their phylogenetic position within the endemic mantellid radiation of Madagascar." volume="70" year="2002">Vences et al. (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
and the present study, males measure 23.0-27.0 mm, females measure 29.1-29.8 mm, and the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Methuen and Hewitt" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gephyromantis malagasius" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="malagasius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Gephyromantis malagasius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
holotype measures 20.2 mm SVL. We here provide bioacoustic data from Ranomafana National Park (Vohiparara) and from a second locality, Manombo.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="271" type="call">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Call.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="271">
|
|||
|
|
The advertisement call of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. malagasius" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" rank="species" species="malagasius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">G. malagasius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
recorded at Vohiparara (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Vences, M" journalOrPublisher="Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" refId="B59" refString="Vences, M, Glaw, F, Marquez, R, 2006. The Calls of the Frogs of Madagascar. 3 Audio CDs and booklet, 44 pp. Alosa-Fonozoo, Barcelona." title="The Calls of the Frogs of Madagascar. 3 Audio CDs and booklet, 44 pp. Alosa-Fonozoo, Barcelona." year="2006">Vences et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, CD2, track 30) from ZFMK 62281 consists of a series of very short pulsed notes and is emitted in series at regular intervals (Fig.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Audiospectrogram and corresponding oscillogram of one advertisement call of Gephyromantis malagasius recorded at Vohiparara. The oscillogram below shows a 100 ms section of the call figured above, showing two notes and their repective pulse structure. Recording band-pass filtered at 1500 - 7500 Hz." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e78830.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688685" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">15</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). There is amplidude modulation within each call, with call energy increasing from the beginning of the call reaching the maximum amplitude at about 40% of its duration and from there decreasing towards its end. Pulses within notes are partly fused, but clearly countable. Within calls, notes are repeated at regular intervals. Numerical parameters of 7 analyzed calls are as follows (range followed by mean
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
standard deviation in parentheses): call duration 360-465 ms (428.4
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
37.2 ms); note duration 8-17 ms (12.6
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
2.9 ms); number of notes per call 8-10 (9.6
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.8); note repetition rate within calls 19.8-21.1 notes/second (20.5
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
0.5 notes/second); pulses per note 2-10 (6.2
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
2.1); call repetition rate within call series approximately 17-18 calls/minute; dominant frequency 2606-3516 Hz (3127
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
254 Hz); prevalent bandwidth 1800-6000 Hz.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="271">
|
|||
|
|
A second recording from 23 February 2007 (Manombo; air temperature estimated at 23-25°C) consists of a series of pulsed notes and is emitted in series at regular intervals (Fig.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Audiospectrogram and corresponding oscillogram of one advertisement call of Gephyromantis malagasius recorded at Manombo. The oscillogram below shows a 100 ms section of the call figured above, showing four notes and their repective pulse structure. Recording band-pass filtered at 1500 - 6200 Hz." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e78830.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688686" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">16</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). There is amplidude modulation within each call, with call energy increasing from the beginning of the call reaching the maximum amplitude at about 60% of its duration and from there decreasing towards its end. Pulses within notes are partly fused, but in most notes distinct pulses are recognizable and countable. Within calls, notes are repeated at regular intervals at a high rate. Numerical parameters of 14 analyzed calls are as follows (range followed by mean
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
standard deviation in parentheses): call duration 348-446 ms (386.3
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
34.5 ms); note duration 9-16 ms (12.2
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
1.9 ms); number of notes per call 16-20 (17.5
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
1.6); note repetition rate within calls 42.7-45.5 notes/second (44.7
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
1.1 notes/second); pulses per note 2-9 (5.5
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
1.9); call repetition rate within call series approximately 39-44 calls/minute; dominant frequency 2916-3192 Hz (3041
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
107 Hz); prevalent bandwidth 1700-5500 Hz.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.72.e78830.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688685" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" start="Figure 15" startId="F15">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="271">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Figure 15.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Audiospectrogram and corresponding oscillogram of one advertisement call of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Methuen and Hewitt" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gephyromantis malagasius" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="malagasius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Gephyromantis malagasius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
recorded at Vohiparara. The oscillogram below shows a 100 ms section of the call figured above, showing two notes and their repective pulse structure. Recording band-pass filtered at 1500-7500 Hz.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.72.e78830.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688686" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" start="Figure 16" startId="F16">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="271">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Figure 16.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Audiospectrogram and corresponding oscillogram of one advertisement call of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Methuen and Hewitt" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gephyromantis malagasius" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="malagasius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Gephyromantis malagasius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
recorded at Manombo. The oscillogram below shows a 100 ms section of the call figured above, showing four notes and their repective pulse structure. Recording band-pass filtered at 1500-6200 Hz.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="271" type="distribution">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="271">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. malagasius" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" rank="species" species="malagasius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">G. malagasius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
as redefined here is known based on genetically confirmed records from (1) the type locality Folohy, (2) Ranomafana, (3) Manombo, and (4) Befotaka-Midongy. Furthermore, morphologically identified specimens with the typical ventral pattern are known from (5) Andasibe, (6) Ambohitantely (based on phenotypically identified specimens collected by one of us [APR]; see Fig.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Specimens of Gephyromantis malagasius (previously considered as G. ventrimaculatus, herein considered to be a junior synonym of G. malagasius), in life. A, B Adult male from Ranomafana in dorsolateral and ventral view, photographed 2006, probably corresponding to voucher specimen ZSM 537 / 2006 (ZCMV 3362). C, D Adult male from Manombo, ZSM 2464 / 2007 (ZCMV 5497) in dorsolateral and ventral view, photographed 2007. E, F Adult male from Ranomafana (Vohiparara), photographed 1996, possibly corresponding to voucher specimen ZFMK 62281. G, H Adult male from Ambohitantely, not clearly assignable to a voucher specimen, photographed in 2017 in Ambohitantely Special Reserve. Not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e78830.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688683" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">13G,H</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), and (7) the type locality of the junior synonym
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Angel" baseAuthorityYear="1935" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gephyromantis ventrimaculatus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventrimaculatus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Gephyromantis ventrimaculatus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
("Isaka Ivondro, alt. 700 m"), which is located within or very close to the current Andohahela National Park. It is important to mention that the exact location of the type locality Folohy is uncertain. At this site, collections were made by "M. Herschell-Chauvin" in 1911 (
|
|||
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|
<bibRefCitation author="Methuen, PA" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Transvaal Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" pagination="49 - 64" refId="B36" refString="Methuen, PA, Hewitt, J, 1913b. On a collection of Batrachia from Madagascar made during the year 1911. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 4: 49 - 64" title="On a collection of Batrachia from Madagascar made during the year 1911." volume="4" year="1913 b">Methuen and Hewitt 1913b</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<bibRefCitation author="Methuen, PA" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Transvaal Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" pagination="183 - 193" refId="B35" refString="Methuen, PA, Hewitt, J, 1913a. On a collection of reptiles from Madagascar made during the year 1911. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 3: 183 - 193" title="On a collection of reptiles from Madagascar made during the year 1911." volume="3" year="1913 a">Methuen and Hewitt (1913a)</bibRefCitation>
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name the collector "Monsieur Herschell-Chauvin", probably referring to the English naturalist and photographer Charles Herschell-Chauvin who worked in Tamatave (=Toamasina) in the first years of the 20th century.
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<bibRefCitation author="Methuen, PA" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Transvaal Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" pagination="183 - 193" refId="B35" refString="Methuen, PA, Hewitt, J, 1913a. On a collection of reptiles from Madagascar made during the year 1911. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 3: 183 - 193" title="On a collection of reptiles from Madagascar made during the year 1911." volume="3" year="1913 a">Methuen and Hewitt (1913a)</bibRefCitation>
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place the locality Folohy "in the neighbourhood of Tamatave", and also
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<bibRefCitation author="Blommers-Schloesser, RMA" journalOrPublisher="Faune de Madagascar, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" pagination="1 - 379" refId="B10" refString="Blommers-Schloesser, RMA, Blanc, CP, 1991. Amphibiens (premiere partie). Faune de Madagascar, Paris 75: 1 - 379" title="Amphibiens (premiere partie)." volume="75" year="1991">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Blommers-Schlösser">Blommers-Schloesser</normalizedToken>
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and Blanc (1991)
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</bibRefCitation>
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plot Folohy as near-coastal locality close to Toamasina in their distribution maps.
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<bibRefCitation author="Barbour, T" journalOrPublisher="Cambridge, Massachusetts" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" pagination="203 - 360" refId="B6" refString="Barbour, T, Loveridge, A, 1929. Typical reptiles and amphibians in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Cambridge, Massachusetts 69: 203 - 360" title="Typical reptiles and amphibians in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology." volume="69" year="1929">Barbour and Loveridge (1929)</bibRefCitation>
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locate Folohy "east of Lake Alaotra" for a frog specimen exchanged from the Transvaal Museum. The catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, includes a lemur specimen (MCZ 18740) collected by Frederick Roelker Wulsin in 1915, with the verbatim locality information "Folohy forest, 100 miles west of Tamatave" (https://www.idigbio.org/portal accessed 19 November 2021), which however is unlikely to be correct as it would place the site onto
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Madagascar’s">Madagascar's</normalizedToken>
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high plateau, outside the main rainforest area. Along with
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<bibRefCitation author="Blommers-Schloesser, RMA" journalOrPublisher="Faune de Madagascar, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" pagination="1 - 379" refId="B10" refString="Blommers-Schloesser, RMA, Blanc, CP, 1991. Amphibiens (premiere partie). Faune de Madagascar, Paris 75: 1 - 379" title="Amphibiens (premiere partie)." volume="75" year="1991">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Blommers-Schlösser">Blommers-Schloesser</normalizedToken>
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and Blanc (1991)
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</bibRefCitation>
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we here assume that Folohy refers to a low- or mid-elevation site close to Toamasina.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="271">
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The occurrence of individuals morphologically corresponding to
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<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. malagasius" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" rank="species" species="malagasius">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">G. malagasius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as redefined herein in Andasibe is supported by three records: one voucher specimen collected by Denis Vallan and reported in
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<bibRefCitation author="Vences, M" journalOrPublisher="Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" pagination="191 - 212" refId="B58" refString="Vences, M, Glaw, F, Andreone, F, Jesu, R, Schimmenti, G, 2002. Systematic revision of the enigmatic Malagasy broad-headed frogs (Laurentomantis Dubois, 1980), and their phylogenetic position within the endemic mantellid radiation of Madagascar. Contributions to Zoology 70: 191 - 212" title="Systematic revision of the enigmatic Malagasy broad-headed frogs (Laurentomantis Dubois, 1980), and their phylogenetic position within the endemic mantellid radiation of Madagascar." volume="70" year="2002">Vences et al. (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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; one specimen photographed by Daniel S. Moen; and one specimen photographed by Devin Edmonds in the Mitsinjo forest on 4 December 2014 (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/2315204).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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