<documentID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1108.85156"ID-GBIF-Dataset="82ad6418-e2ba-4e94-b288-54cacb69506a"ID-PMC="PMC9848670"ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1108-89"ID-Pensoft-UUID="4C588406675B5E2F8199E4C9DF13E485"ID-PubMed="36760703"ID-ZooBank="DB9FDD0F5FDF4B028E0B003EAE84EC91"ModsDocID="1313-2970-1108-89"checkinTime="1656059516731"checkinUser="pensoft"docAuthor="Zhao, Yi, Guo, Wan-Ru, Golovatch, Sergei I. & Liu, Wei-Xin"docDate="2022"docId="F11308F2472154278D73BB43F8BBA481"docLanguage="en"docName="ZooKeys 1108: 89-118"docOrigin="ZooKeys 1108"docPubDate="2022-06-23"docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1108.85156"docTitle="Glyphiulus sinuatoprocessus Zhao & Liu 2022, sp. nov."docType="treatment"docUuid="A8C259A1-4697-4890-8E87-442953B8F104"docUuidSource="ZooBank"docVersion="4"id="4C588406675B5E2F8199E4C9DF13E485"lastPageNumber="89"masterDocId="4C588406675B5E2F8199E4C9DF13E485"masterDocTitle="Revision of the javanicus species group of the millipede genus Glyphiulus Gervais, 1847, with descriptions of five new species from China (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Cambalopsidae)"masterLastPageNumber="118"masterPageNumber="89"pageNumber="89"updateTime="1732480599592"updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:titleid="F8AA87DDAF106CFDCF19DE7A20DAC58C">Revision of the javanicus species group of the millipede genus Glyphiulus Gervais, 1847, with descriptions of five new species from China (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Cambalopsidae)</mods:title>
<mods:affiliationid="4F789340519A89F540D19A790AAE9798">College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="4DCCE602A6585EAA9865E247E48EC8E5">College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:namePartid="354928EF6CB1E8AFDAEAB4429BC60C13">Golovatch, Sergei I.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliationid="4FA98E6288AC1F9D6AA5C71FC90EA99E">Institute for Problems of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="965F99B7EE989EC196B76D64F6BCC1C3">College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China</mods:affiliation>
<taxonomicNameid="8B2AD584D043D0BA85C5FA811B8A3A6D"ID-CoL="9FW7P"LSID="http://zoobank.org/A8C259A1-4697-4890-8E87-442953B8F104"authority="Zhao & Liu"authorityName="Zhao & Liu"authorityYear="2022"class="Diplopoda"family="Cambalopsidae"genus="Glyphiulus"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Glyphiulus sinuatoprocessus"order="Spirostreptida"pageId="0"pageNumber="89"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="sinuatoprocessus"status="sp. nov.">Glyphiulus sinuatoprocessus Zhao & Liu</taxonomicName>
<figureCitationid="91B12DEF8358DC70ECC33509E8AB990B"captionStart="Figure 5"captionStartId="F5"captionText="Figure 5. Pictures of live animals A G. sinuatoprocessus Zhao & Liu, sp. nov. from Cave Niubi Yan B G. scutatus Zhao & Liu, sp. nov. from Cave Bianfu Dong C G. portaliformis Zhao & Liu, sp. nov. from Cave Baiyan Dong D G. xiniudong Zhao & Liu, sp. nov. from Cave Xiniu Dong E G. conuliformis Zhao & Liu, sp. nov. from Cave Yanzi Dong."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1108.85156.figure5"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/705255"pageId="0"pageNumber="89">Figs 5A</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="CEC569E03B5E286581415A66E58C59C7"captionStart="Figure 6"captionStartId="F6"captionText="Figure 6. Glyphiulus sinuatoprocessus Zhao & Liu, sp. nov., ♂ paratype A rings 2 - 4, dorsal view B, E mid-body rings, dorsal and lateral views, respectively C posterior body rings, dorsal view D rings 2 - 5, sublateral view F cross-section of a mid-body ring, caudal view. Scale bars: 1 mm. Abbreviation: pf: pleural flap."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1108.85156.figure6"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/705256"pageId="0"pageNumber="89">, 6</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="253F1BC3E2DD2CA19E026148C9EB2900"captionStart="Figure 7"captionStartId="F7"captionText="Figure 7. Glyphiulus sinuatoprocessus Zhao & Liu, sp. nov., ♂ paratype A head, collum and antenna B gnathochilarium C penes D leg 1, frontal view E leg 3, frontal view F mid-leg G ♀ paratype, vulvae H anterior gonopods, caudal view I posterior gonopod, caudal view J flagellum. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B), 0.2 mm, (C-I), 0.1 mm (J)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1108.85156.figure7"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/705257"pageId="0"pageNumber="89">, 7</figureCitation>
<paragraphid="AD477EBA0E31EDD62825A0AC10AC17DB"pageId="0"pageNumber="89">To emphasise the apicomesal process of the anterior gonopod coxite being hook-shaped.</paragraph>
-group by the anterior gonopod showing a high and digitiform process, in which the tip is hook-shaped, coupled with a short, distally pectinate flagellum of the posterior gonopod. Based on molecular evidence,
Length ca. 33.0-42.0 (♂) or 45.0-50.0 mm (♀), mid-body rings round in cross-section, their width and height similar, 2.2-2.3 mm (♂) or 2.5-2.8 mm (♀). Body with 52-65 (♂) or 70-76 (♀) podous + 1-4 apodous rings + telson. Colouration orange-brownish to brownish, anterior part of body much darker in alcohol, red-brownish (Fig.
<figureCitationid="DB23FE09EE09844EC3B3951054476D9E"captionStart="Figure 5"captionStartId="F5"captionText="Figure 5. Pictures of live animals A G. sinuatoprocessus Zhao & Liu, sp. nov. from Cave Niubi Yan B G. scutatus Zhao & Liu, sp. nov. from Cave Bianfu Dong C G. portaliformis Zhao & Liu, sp. nov. from Cave Baiyan Dong D G. xiniudong Zhao & Liu, sp. nov. from Cave Xiniu Dong E G. conuliformis Zhao & Liu, sp. nov. from Cave Yanzi Dong."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1108.85156.figure5"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/705255"pageId="0"pageNumber="89">5A</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="757C581FF60C9B71D7B3389A44B72213"captionStart="Figure 7"captionStartId="F7"captionText="Figure 7. Glyphiulus sinuatoprocessus Zhao & Liu, sp. nov., ♂ paratype A head, collum and antenna B gnathochilarium C penes D leg 1, frontal view E leg 3, frontal view F mid-leg G ♀ paratype, vulvae H anterior gonopods, caudal view I posterior gonopod, caudal view J flagellum. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B), 0.2 mm, (C-I), 0.1 mm (J)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1108.85156.figure7"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/705257"pageId="0"pageNumber="89">7A</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="8708908B92B02DA1708858CC2C7916FA"captionStart="Figure 7"captionStartId="F7"captionText="Figure 7. Glyphiulus sinuatoprocessus Zhao & Liu, sp. nov., ♂ paratype A head, collum and antenna B gnathochilarium C penes D leg 1, frontal view E leg 3, frontal view F mid-leg G ♀ paratype, vulvae H anterior gonopods, caudal view I posterior gonopod, caudal view J flagellum. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B), 0.2 mm, (C-I), 0.1 mm (J)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1108.85156.figure7"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/705257"pageId="0"pageNumber="89">7A</figureCitation>
). Antennae relatively long, reaching back to ring 3; in length, antennomeres 5> 3> 2> 4> 6> 1> 7. Antennomeres 5-7 each with a distodorsal field or corolla of bacilliform sensilla (sensory bacilli). Antennomere 7 with four sensory cones (Fig.
<figureCitationid="B6D2E5B81DD25BD2A566C7745ABFD9C8"captionStart="Figure 7"captionStartId="F7"captionText="Figure 7. Glyphiulus sinuatoprocessus Zhao & Liu, sp. nov., ♂ paratype A head, collum and antenna B gnathochilarium C penes D leg 1, frontal view E leg 3, frontal view F mid-leg G ♀ paratype, vulvae H anterior gonopods, caudal view I posterior gonopod, caudal view J flagellum. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B), 0.2 mm, (C-I), 0.1 mm (J)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1108.85156.figure7"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/705257"pageId="0"pageNumber="89">7A</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="F4E4A775B9352FCBC5CBFFA1DF17E4DD"captionStart="Figure 7"captionStartId="F7"captionText="Figure 7. Glyphiulus sinuatoprocessus Zhao & Liu, sp. nov., ♂ paratype A head, collum and antenna B gnathochilarium C penes D leg 1, frontal view E leg 3, frontal view F mid-leg G ♀ paratype, vulvae H anterior gonopods, caudal view I posterior gonopod, caudal view J flagellum. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B), 0.2 mm, (C-I), 0.1 mm (J)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1108.85156.figure7"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/705257"pageId="0"pageNumber="89">7B</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="3EF0BF5E0EA0A08747489B07764DA1D8"captionStart="Figure 7"captionStartId="F7"captionText="Figure 7. Glyphiulus sinuatoprocessus Zhao & Liu, sp. nov., ♂ paratype A head, collum and antenna B gnathochilarium C penes D leg 1, frontal view E leg 3, frontal view F mid-leg G ♀ paratype, vulvae H anterior gonopods, caudal view I posterior gonopod, caudal view J flagellum. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B), 0.2 mm, (C-I), 0.1 mm (J)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1108.85156.figure7"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/705257"pageId="0"pageNumber="89">7A</figureCitation>
). Ozoporiferous tubercles very large, much higher than wide. Tegument delicately alveolate-areolate, fine longitudinal striations in front of stricture. Metatergal setae absent. Rings 2 and 3 with long pleural flaps (Fig.
<taxonomicNameid="DF96D7E4258E59530E673176538210DC"authorityName="Zhao & Liu"authorityYear="2022"class="Diplopoda"family="Cambalopsidae"genus="Glyphiulus"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Glyphiulus sinuatoprocessus"order="Spirostreptida"pageId="0"pageNumber="89"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="sinuatoprocessus">
<taxonomicNameid="27EB9E2DA4B37DF70CF964C07F3DF569"authorityName="Zhao & Liu"authorityYear="2022"class="Diplopoda"family="Cambalopsidae"genus="Glyphiulus"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Glyphiulus sinuatoprocessus"order="Spirostreptida"pageId="0"pageNumber="89"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="sinuatoprocessus">
). Paraprocts rather regularly convex, each with several irregular rows of setae. Hypoproct transversely bean-shaped, with 3+3 small setae near caudal margin.
<figureCitationid="13FF4739084D0ACF9751CC01FB4503F4"captionStart="Figure 7"captionStartId="F7"captionText="Figure 7. Glyphiulus sinuatoprocessus Zhao & Liu, sp. nov., ♂ paratype A head, collum and antenna B gnathochilarium C penes D leg 1, frontal view E leg 3, frontal view F mid-leg G ♀ paratype, vulvae H anterior gonopods, caudal view I posterior gonopod, caudal view J flagellum. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B), 0.2 mm, (C-I), 0.1 mm (J)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1108.85156.figure7"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/705257"pageId="0"pageNumber="89">7F</figureCitation>
). ♂ legs 1 very strongly reduced, represented by a sternum showing a pair of small, fused, paramedian, subunciform prongs directed forward, with about 10-11+10-11 long setae at base; flanked by strongly separated, rudimentary, 2-segmented leg vestiges, first segment being much larger (Fig.
<figureCitationid="489E630BE483CD4756E3E28A108096B3"captionStart="Figure 7"captionStartId="F7"captionText="Figure 7. Glyphiulus sinuatoprocessus Zhao & Liu, sp. nov., ♂ paratype A head, collum and antenna B gnathochilarium C penes D leg 1, frontal view E leg 3, frontal view F mid-leg G ♀ paratype, vulvae H anterior gonopods, caudal view I posterior gonopod, caudal view J flagellum. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B), 0.2 mm, (C-I), 0.1 mm (J)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1108.85156.figure7"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/705257"pageId="0"pageNumber="89">7D</figureCitation>
). ♂ legs 2 slightly hypertrophied, coxae large; penes small, much shorter than coxae, oblong-subtrapeziform, each with two strong setae distolaterally (Fig.
<figureCitationid="45835325232B6B427E04F40B3A804892"captionStart="Figure 7"captionStartId="F7"captionText="Figure 7. Glyphiulus sinuatoprocessus Zhao & Liu, sp. nov., ♂ paratype A head, collum and antenna B gnathochilarium C penes D leg 1, frontal view E leg 3, frontal view F mid-leg G ♀ paratype, vulvae H anterior gonopods, caudal view I posterior gonopod, caudal view J flagellum. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B), 0.2 mm, (C-I), 0.1 mm (J)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1108.85156.figure7"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/705257"pageId="0"pageNumber="89">7C</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="470136AEEDD9739740769C9D843B51DE"captionStart="Figure 7"captionStartId="F7"captionText="Figure 7. Glyphiulus sinuatoprocessus Zhao & Liu, sp. nov., ♂ paratype A head, collum and antenna B gnathochilarium C penes D leg 1, frontal view E leg 3, frontal view F mid-leg G ♀ paratype, vulvae H anterior gonopods, caudal view I posterior gonopod, caudal view J flagellum. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B), 0.2 mm, (C-I), 0.1 mm (J)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1108.85156.figure7"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/705257"pageId="0"pageNumber="89">7E</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="25E3CE8C012575E54F1AC28385873463"captionStart="Figure 7"captionStartId="F7"captionText="Figure 7. Glyphiulus sinuatoprocessus Zhao & Liu, sp. nov., ♂ paratype A head, collum and antenna B gnathochilarium C penes D leg 1, frontal view E leg 3, frontal view F mid-leg G ♀ paratype, vulvae H anterior gonopods, caudal view I posterior gonopod, caudal view J flagellum. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B), 0.2 mm, (C-I), 0.1 mm (J)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1108.85156.figure7"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/705257"pageId="0"pageNumber="89">7H</figureCitation>
) with a broad and plate-shaped coxosternum supporting about 18-20 microsetae near distal margin; apicomesal process of coxite very high, digitiform, tip narrow and hook-shaped. Telopodite large and coiled, 1-segmented, lateral in position, slightly higher than lateral corner of coxite and with a field of 5-10 microspinules at base and 6-8 strong setae apically.
<figureCitationid="C252807BDDA18D2588CEFDE869B67183"captionStart="Figure 7"captionStartId="F7"captionText="Figure 7. Glyphiulus sinuatoprocessus Zhao & Liu, sp. nov., ♂ paratype A head, collum and antenna B gnathochilarium C penes D leg 1, frontal view E leg 3, frontal view F mid-leg G ♀ paratype, vulvae H anterior gonopods, caudal view I posterior gonopod, caudal view J flagellum. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B), 0.2 mm, (C-I), 0.1 mm (J)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1108.85156.figure7"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/705257"pageId="0"pageNumber="89">7I</figureCitation>
) compact. Coxite subquadrate, with a circular field of 12-15 basolateral microspinules in frontal view and an elongated field of 20-25 microspinules in caudal view; apical and mesal parts of coxite with dense, strong and curved setae. Lamelliform lobe membranous, with a short, distally pectinate flagellum (Fig.
<figureCitationid="B668631FC397036B43F9456AB2533524"captionStart="Figure 7"captionStartId="F7"captionText="Figure 7. Glyphiulus sinuatoprocessus Zhao & Liu, sp. nov., ♂ paratype A head, collum and antenna B gnathochilarium C penes D leg 1, frontal view E leg 3, frontal view F mid-leg G ♀ paratype, vulvae H anterior gonopods, caudal view I posterior gonopod, caudal view J flagellum. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B), 0.2 mm, (C-I), 0.1 mm (J)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1108.85156.figure7"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/705257"pageId="0"pageNumber="89">7J</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="163BA63271C2BD9967EB90DE7406331D"captionStart="Figure 7"captionStartId="F7"captionText="Figure 7. Glyphiulus sinuatoprocessus Zhao & Liu, sp. nov., ♂ paratype A head, collum and antenna B gnathochilarium C penes D leg 1, frontal view E leg 3, frontal view F mid-leg G ♀ paratype, vulvae H anterior gonopods, caudal view I posterior gonopod, caudal view J flagellum. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B), 0.2 mm, (C-I), 0.1 mm (J)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1108.85156.figure7"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/705257"pageId="0"pageNumber="89">7G</figureCitation>
In the absence of direct troglomorphic traits, this species can only be considered as troglophilic at most. In the Guangdong Province and in Hong Kong, only
