treatments-xml/data/03/FE/87/03FE87F5FFAE5266FF0694BFFE47F9A1.xml

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<mods:title id="0C92E4017E6C20F779827766913ADA80">The Peruvian Amazonian species of Epirhyssa Cresson (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Rhyssinae), with notes on tropical species richness</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B3C2439DC39B9733E604CD1DE98796EF">Sääksjärvi, Ilari E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="079DF153F4106FC31792681AC625A9CF">Castillo, Carol</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="C34D6568FFAE5279FF0694BFFEC8FF74" pageId="15" pageNumber="326" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE836E3FFAE5279FF0694BFFDEEFF15" blockId="15.[151,523,151,211]" box="[151,523,151,178]" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">
<heading id="D0A0818FFFAE5279FF0694BFFDEEFF15" bold="true" box="[151,523,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="326" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C574D60FFAE5279FF0694BFFDEEFF15" ID-CoL="6G92M" authority="Porter 1978" authorityName="Porter" authorityYear="1978" box="[151,523,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Epirhyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isthmia">
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFAE5279FF0694BFFDEEFF15" bold="true" box="[151,523,151,178]" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFAE5279FF0694BFFE95FF16" bold="true" box="[151,368,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">Epirhyssa isthmia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B12FFAE5279FEE694B0FDEEFF15" author="Porter" box="[375,523,152,178]" pageId="15" pageNumber="326" refString="Porter, C. C. (1978) A revision of the genus Epirhyssa (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Studia Entomologica, 20, 297 - 318." type="journal article" year="1978">Porter 1978</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836E3FFAE5279FF069492FEC8FF74" blockId="15.[151,523,151,211]" box="[151,301,186,211]" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">
(
<figureCitation id="136C2A66FFAE5279FF0E9492FF01FF74" box="[159,228,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1833,1855]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,629,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,629,1811]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Head of Epirhyssa spp.: frontal view: A— E. cochabambae; B— E. braconoides (paratype); C— E. zaphyma; D— E. amazonica; E— E. diatropis; F— E. wisei, (female); G— E. isthmia; H— E. simpirae sp. n. (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243113/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">Figs 2</figureCitation>
G, 4E)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D6568FFAE5279FF06952AFB7AFEC4" pageId="15" pageNumber="326" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE836E3FFAE5279FF06952AFB7AFEC4" blockId="15.[151,1436,258,715]" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFAE5279FF06952AFEEFFEBC" bold="true" box="[151,266,258,283]" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. This species can be distinguished from all other Neotropical 
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<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFAE5279FC7F952AFBBBFEBC" box="[1006,1118,258,283]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">Epirhyssa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the combination of the following characters: 1) occipital carina absent; 2) tergite II about 1.3 times as long as posteriorly broad; 3) yellowish annulus over antennal segments 7–11; and 4) apex of fore wing strongly blackish.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C34D6568FFAE5279FF569546FD96FE21" box="[199,627,366,391]" pageId="15" pageNumber="326" type="distribution">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFAE5279FF569546FEBCFE20" bold="true" box="[199,345,366,391]" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">Distribution</emphasis>
. 
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, 
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, 
<collectingCountry id="F3407673FFAE5279FDA99547FD8AFE21" box="[568,623,367,390]" name="Peru" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">Peru</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D6568FFAE5279FF5695BAFC8BFC61" pageId="15" pageNumber="326" type="materials_examined">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFAE5279FF5695BAFE48FE0C" bold="true" box="[199,429,402,427]" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">Material examined</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFAE5279FE5195BAFDD5FE0C" bold="true" box="[448,560,402,427]" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">
<collectingCountry id="F3407673FFAE5279FE5195BAFDCEFE0C" box="[448,555,402,427]" name="Ecuador" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
Female (
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), Dept. Orellana, Onkone gare, 
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.
</specimenCount>
, Erwin 
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFAE5279FAB595BCFA84FE0C" box="[1316,1377,402,427]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">et al.</emphasis>
leg., fogging 
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, 
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, 
<date id="FFE91023FFAE5279FE49959EFDCBFE68" box="[472,558,438,463]" pageId="15" pageNumber="326" value="1995-02">II.1995</date>
. Female, as above. Male, as above but 
<date id="FFE91023FFAE5279FC73959EFBD2FE68" box="[994,1079,438,463]" pageId="15" pageNumber="326" value="1996-02">II.1996</date>
.
</paragraph>
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<collectingCountry id="F3407673FFAE5279FF5695F2FEE0FE54" box="[199,261,474,499]" name="Peru" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">Peru</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
Female (
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), Dept. of Madre de Dios, Los Amigos, 
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.
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, Isrrael Gómez leg., Malaise, 
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. Female (
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), Dept. Loreto, Reserva Nacional Allpahuayo Mishana, 
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, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE635024FFAE5279FAB695D6FF57FD9D" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="326" precision="15" value="-73.42944">73°25’46” W</geoCoordinate>
, 
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.
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, I. Gómez &amp; Sääksjärvi leg., net, 
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. Female (
<collectionCode id="ED46AE26FFAE5279FC50960BFBF3FD9C" box="[961,1046,547,571]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9aq9-rt4h" name="University of Tokyo, Department of Zoology" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">ZMUT</collectionCode>
), Dept. Loreto, Reserva Nacional Allpahuayo Mishana, 
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, 
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, 
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.
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, I. Gómez &amp; Sääksjärvi leg., net, 
<date id="FFE91023FFAE5279FB31966FFADBFDF8" box="[1184,1342,583,607]" pageId="15" pageNumber="326" value="2011-11-07" valueMax="2011-11-13" valueMin="2011-11-07">7–13.XI.2011</date>
. Female (
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): as above but Malaise, 
<date id="FFE91023FFAE5279FD909643FD9BFD24" box="[513,638,619,643]" pageId="15" pageNumber="326" value="2011-12-04">4.XII.2011</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836E3FFAE5279FF5696A6FD06FD6D" blockId="15.[151,1436,258,715]" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFAE5279FF5696A6FE67FD00" bold="true" box="[199,386,654,679]" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">Biological notes</emphasis>
. This species is possible present in most of lowland Amazonia and reach north till 
<collectingCountry id="F3407673FFAE5279FAB596A7FA65FD01" box="[1316,1408,655,678]" name="Panama" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">Panama</collectingCountry>
. It is recorded for the first time from 
<collectingCountry id="F3407673FFAE5279FD85969AFD94FD6C" box="[532,625,690,715]" name="Ecuador" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F3407673FFAE5279FD39969BFD3AFD6D" box="[680,735,691,714]" name="Peru" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">Peru</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836E3FFAE5279FF069736FECBFCFD" blockId="15.[151,770,798,858]" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">
<taxonomicName id="4C574D60FFAE5279FF069736FD59FC9F" authority="Gomez &amp; Saaksjarvi" authorityName="Gomez &amp; Saaksjarvi" box="[151,700,798,824]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Epirhyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lamolinensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFAE5279FF069736FD59FC9F" bold="true" box="[151,700,798,824]" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFAE5279FF069736FE4AFC9F" bold="true" box="[151,431,798,824]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">Epirhyssa lamolinensis</emphasis>
Gómez &amp; Sääksjärvi
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFAE5279FD529737FCE7FC9F" bold="true" box="[707,770,799,824]" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="136C2A66FFAE5279FF0E9769FF03FCFD" box="[159,230,833,858]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1519,1541]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1497]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1498]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Head and mesosoma of Epirhyssa spp.: lateral view: A— E. simpirae sp. n. (holotype); B— E. lamolinensis sp. n. (holotype); C— E. perufinlandensis sp. n. (holotype). Head, occipital carina in lateral view (arrow): D— E. ignisalata sp. n. (holotype); E— E. fusca sp. n. (holotype). Mesoscutum: F— E. perufinlandensis sp. n. (holotype); G— E. peruana." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243117/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">Figs 6</figureCitation>
C, 7E)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836E3FFAE5279FF0697A1FC8BFC61" blockId="15.[151,1437,905,2010]" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFAE5279FF0697A1FEACFC05" bold="true" box="[151,329,905,930]" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">
<typeStatus id="54EC8841FFAE5279FF0697A1FF37FC05" box="[151,210,905,930]" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54EC8841FFAE5279FEC597A1FE59FC05" box="[340,444,905,930]" pageId="15" pageNumber="326" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female (
<collectionCode id="ED46AE26FFAE5279FDB697A2FD6AFC05" box="[551,655,906,930]" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">MEKRB</collectionCode>
, currently on loan to 
<collectionCode id="ED46AE26FFAE5279FC0297A2FC01FC05" box="[915,996,906,930]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9aq9-rt4h" name="University of Tokyo, Department of Zoology" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">ZMUT</collectionCode>
). 
<collectingCountry id="F3407673FFAE5279FC6F97A2FBD3FC06" box="[1022,1078,906,929]" name="Peru" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">Peru</collectingCountry>
: Dept. of Madre de Dios, Los Amigos, 
<specimenCount id="9D51FD6AFFAE5279FF6C9786FEA8FC62" box="[253,333,942,966]" pageId="15" pageNumber="326" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CAF9B06FFAE5279FF6C9786FEACFC62" box="[253,329,942,966]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.84" pageId="15" pageNumber="326" unit="m" value="284.0">284 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
, Isrrael Gómez leg., Malaise, 
<date id="FFE91023FFAE5279FD0F9785FC8FFC61" box="[670,874,941,966]" pageId="15" pageNumber="326" value="2008-06-26" valueMax="2008-07-03" valueMin="2008-06-26">26.VI–3.VII.2008</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D6568FFAE5279FF5697F9FE6DF979" pageId="15" pageNumber="326" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE836E3FFAE5279FF5697F9FE90F98D" blockId="15.[151,1437,905,2010]" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFAE5279FF5697F9FEFBFC4D" bold="true" box="[199,286,977,1002]" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">Female</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136C2A66FFAE5279FEA597F9FE98FC4D" box="[308,381,977,1002]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1519,1541]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1497]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1498]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Head and mesosoma of Epirhyssa spp.: lateral view: A— E. simpirae sp. n. (holotype); B— E. lamolinensis sp. n. (holotype); C— E. perufinlandensis sp. n. (holotype). Head, occipital carina in lateral view (arrow): D— E. ignisalata sp. n. (holotype); E— E. fusca sp. n. (holotype). Mesoscutum: F— E. perufinlandensis sp. n. (holotype); G— E. peruana." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243117/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
B). Fore wing length about 
<quantity id="4CAF9B06FFAE5279FD4397F9FCCEFC4E" box="[722,811,977,1002]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
. 
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFAE5279FCAA97F9FC9EFC4D" bold="true" box="[827,891,977,1002]" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">Head</emphasis>
with occipital carina present laterally strong, interrupted dorsally, not joining hypostomal carina; posterior ocellus separated from eye by about 1.5 times its diameter; mandibles stout, lower tooth clearly longer than upper one; clypeus with central part concave, lateral corners angularly produced, centrally with a small rounded apical tubercle; lower face polished with sparse yellowish setae, transverse, about 1.25 times as broad as medially long; antenna slender with 34 flagellar segments; gena polished with strong setae, longer ventrally. 
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFAE5279FD7790ADFC81FB39" bold="true" box="[742,868,1157,1182]" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">Mesosoma</emphasis>
with strong epomia close to anterior margin of pronotum; mesoscutum with central lobe clearly overhanging pronotum, transverse rugae long and sharp with fairly sparse short pubescence; mesopleuron polished, with long setiferous punctures; subalar prominence strongly inflated; epicnemial carina ventrally reaching above level of lower corner of pronotum; hind coxa in profile about 2.8 times as wide as deep; fore wing with 
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFAE5279FDEA913EFD48FA8A" box="[635,685,1302,1325]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">cu-a</emphasis>
slightly distal to 
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFAE5279FCE5913EFC58FA8A" box="[884,957,1302,1325]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">Rs&amp;M</emphasis>
; first subdiscal cell broadened distally, its width near outer end about 1.8 times its basal width; abscissa of 
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFAE5279FCEC9112FC71FAF6" box="[893,916,1338,1361]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">M</emphasis>
between 
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFAE5279FB929112FBA1FAF5" box="[1027,1092,1338,1362]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">2rs-m</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFAE5279FBEF9112FB21FAF5" box="[1150,1220,1338,1362]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">2m-cu</emphasis>
about 0.6 times as long 
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFAE5279FF439176FEF6FAD1" box="[210,275,1374,1398]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">2rs-m</emphasis>
; 
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFAE5279FEB59176FEA5FAD2" box="[292,320,1374,1397]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">Rs</emphasis>
weakly and evenly bowed; propodeum short and stout, polished with sparse long setae and with median longitudinal depression; submetapleural carina present anteriorly, evanescent posteriorly. 
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFAE5279FB7491A9FA87FA3D" bold="true" box="[1253,1378,1409,1434]" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">Metasoma</emphasis>
with tergite I about 1.5 times as long as posteriorly broad, dorsally smooth and highly polished (
<figureCitation id="136C2A66FFAE5279FB01918DFB36FA19" box="[1168,1235,1445,1470]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1902,1924]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,661,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[156,1431,661,1881]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. First metasomal tergite of Epirhyssa spp.: A— E. lutea sp. n. (holotype); B— E. zaphyma; C— E. simpirae sp. n. (holotype); D— E. lamolinensis sp. n. (holotype); E— E. perufinlandensis sp. n. (holotype); F— E. nigrithorax." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243118/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
e); tergite II about 1.0 times as long as posteriorly broad with close pubescence, posteriorly with sparse hairs; tergites III+ with finer and more uniformly short, dense pubescence; ovipositor projecting beyond apex of metasoma by about 5.4 times length of hind tibia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836E3FFAE5279FF56921DFB28F91D" blockId="15.[151,1437,905,2010]" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFAE5279FF56921DFEAAF9E9" bold="true" box="[199,335,1589,1614]" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">Coloration.</emphasis>
A primarily blackish species; with yellow band behind ocelli and eyes, face except centrally, flagellum segments 2–5. Mesopleuron posteriorly and propodeum yellow. Metasoma blackish, only first tergite yellow apically, ovipositor sheath brown. Coxae and femora blackish with yellow areas ventrally, tibiae and tarsi yellowish. Wings yellowish with strong brownish band along costal area; pterostigma brownish.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836E3FFAE5279FF5692EDFE6DF979" blockId="15.[151,1437,905,2010]" box="[199,392,1733,1758]" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFAE5279FF5692EDFEE1F979" bold="true" box="[199,260,1733,1758]" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">Male</emphasis>
. Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D6568FFAE5279FF5692C1FEDAF87D" pageId="15" pageNumber="326" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE836E3FFAE5279FF5692C1FD0EF835" blockId="15.[151,1437,905,2010]" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFAE5279FF5692C1FEDFF8A5" bold="true" box="[199,314,1769,1794]" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. This species can be distinguished from all other Neotropical 
<taxonomicName id="4C574D60FFAE5279FC6F92C1FB8BF8A5" box="[1022,1134,1769,1794]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Epirhyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFAE5279FC6F92C1FB8BF8A5" box="[1022,1134,1769,1794]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">Epirhyssa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the combination of the following characters: 1) tergite I stout and polished; 2) propodeum short and polished with long sparse setae; and 3) mesoscutum overhanging pronotum and with transverse rugae long and sharp. 
<taxonomicName id="4C574D60FFAE5279FBBA9319FAD7F8ED" box="[1067,1330,1841,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Epirhyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lamolinensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFAE5279FBBA9319FAD7F8ED" box="[1067,1330,1841,1866]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">Epirhyssa lamolinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A210578AFFAE5279FAAD9319FA9AF8ED" box="[1340,1407,1841,1866]" pageId="15" pageNumber="326" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFAE5279FAAD9319FA9AF8ED" bold="true" box="[1340,1407,1841,1866]" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C574D60FFAE5279FE99937EFDA1F8CA" authority="Porter. However" authorityName="Porter. However" box="[264,580,1878,1901]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Epirhyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peruana">
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFAE5279FE99937EFEFCF8CA" box="[264,281,1878,1901]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">E</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFAE5279FEB6937EFE61F8CA" box="[295,388,1878,1901]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">peruana</emphasis>
Porter. However
</taxonomicName>
, the shorter and polished tergite I and angulate carina between the scutellum and postscutellum differentiate 
<taxonomicName id="4C574D60FFAE5279FE699352FD40F835" box="[504,677,1913,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Epirhyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lamolinensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFAE5279FE699352FD40F835" box="[504,677,1913,1938]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">E. lamolinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A210578AFFAE5279FD3D9351FD0EF835" box="[684,747,1913,1938]" pageId="15" pageNumber="326" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFAE5279FD3D9351FD0EF835" bold="true" box="[684,747,1913,1938]" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836E3FFAE5279FF5693B5FEDAF87D" blockId="15.[151,1437,905,2010]" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFAE5279FF5693B5FE66F811" bold="true" box="[199,387,1949,1974]" pageId="15" pageNumber="326">Biological notes</emphasis>
. Only one specimen is known from Southern lowland Peruvian Amazonia, nothing is known about its hosts.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D6568FFB15266FF5694BFFDD0FF72" pageId="16" pageNumber="327" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BE836E3FFB15266FF5694BFFDD0FF72" blockId="16.[151,1436,151,248]" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFB15266FF5694BFFEABFF17" bold="true" box="[199,334,151,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">Etymology.</emphasis>
The name 
<taxonomicName id="4C574D60FFB15266FE4A94BFFD8CFF17" box="[475,617,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Epirhyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lamolinensis">
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFB15266FE4A94BFFD8CFF17" box="[475,617,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">lamolinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
refers to the Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, the Peruvian “home” university of the first author.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D6568FFB15266FF5694F7FED5FE20" pageId="16" pageNumber="327" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE836E3FFB15266FF5694F7FE47FF50" blockId="16.[151,1436,151,248]" box="[199,418,223,248]" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFB15266FF5694F7FE85FF5F" bold="true" box="[199,352,223,248]" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3407673FFB15266FEF694C8FE7BFF50" box="[359,414,224,247]" name="Peru" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">Peru</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836E3FFB15266FF069564FED5FE20" blockId="16.[151,677,332,391]" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">
<taxonomicName id="4C574D60FFB15266FF069564FDBBFEC1" authority="Gomez &amp; Saaksjarvi" authorityName="Gomez &amp; Saaksjarvi" box="[151,606,332,358]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Epirhyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lutea" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFB15266FF069564FDBBFEC1" bold="true" box="[151,606,332,358]" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFB15266FF069564FEB6FEC1" bold="true" box="[151,339,332,358]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">Epirhyssa lutea</emphasis>
Gómez &amp; Sääksjärvi
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A210578AFFB15266FDF79564FD40FEC2" box="[614,677,332,357]" pageId="16" pageNumber="327" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFB15266FDF79564FD40FEC2" bold="true" box="[614,677,332,357]" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="136C2A66FFB15266FF0E9546FF01FE20" box="[159,228,366,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1602,1624]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1580]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1581]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Habitus of Epirhyssa spp.: (females): A— E. cochabambae; B— E. braconoides; C — E. iiapensis sp. n. (holotype); D— E. pertenuis paratype; E— lutea sp. n. (holotype); F— E. zaphyma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243114/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">Figs 3</figureCitation>
E, 7A)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D6568FFB15266FF06959EFB03FD9C" pageId="16" pageNumber="327" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE836E3FFB15266FF06959EFB03FD9C" blockId="16.[151,1437,438,1543]" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFB15266FF06959EFEA1FE68" bold="true" box="[151,324,438,463]" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">
<typeStatus id="54EC8841FFB15266FF06959EFF37FE68" box="[151,210,438,463]" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54EC8841FFB15266FEDA959EFE56FE68" box="[331,435,438,463]" pageId="16" pageNumber="327" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female (
<collectionCode id="ED46AE26FFB15266FD85959FFD89FE68" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34868" box="[532,620,439,463]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34868" name="University of Nebraska State Museum" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">UNSM</collectionCode>
): 
<collectingCountry id="F3407673FFB15266FDEF959FFD50FE69" box="[638,693,439,462]" name="Peru" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">Peru</collectingCountry>
, Dept. of Madre de Dios, Los Amigos, 
<specimenCount id="9D51FD6AFFB15266FBFA959FFB5EFE69" box="[1131,1211,439,463]" pageId="16" pageNumber="327" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CAF9B06FFB15266FBFA959FFB52FE69" box="[1131,1207,439,463]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="16" pageNumber="327" unit="m" value="280.0">280 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
, Isrrael Gómez leg., Malaise, 
<date id="FFE91023FFB15266FF6F95F3FE4EFE54" box="[254,427,475,499]" pageId="16" pageNumber="327" value="2008-06-12" valueMax="2008-06-19" valueMin="2008-06-12">12–19.VI.2008</date>
. 
<typeStatus id="54EC8841FFB15266FE2795F3FDC2FE54" box="[438,551,475,499]" pageId="16" pageNumber="327" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: Female (
<collectionCode id="ED46AE26FFB15266FD0295F3FD0FFE54" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34868" box="[659,746,475,499]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34868" name="University of Nebraska State Museum" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">UNSM</collectionCode>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F3407673FFB15266FD6C95F3FCD6FE55" box="[765,819,475,498]" name="Peru" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">Peru</collectingCountry>
, Dept. Loreto, Reserva Nacional Allpahuayo Mishana, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE635024FFB15266FF0695D6FF0AFDB0" box="[151,239,510,535]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="327" precision="925" value="-3.9666667">3°58’ S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE635024FFB15266FF6C95D6FE88FDB1" box="[253,365,510,535]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="327" precision="925" value="-73.416664">73°25’ W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D51FD6AFFB15266FEEB95D7FE2EFDB1" box="[378,459,511,535]" pageId="16" pageNumber="327" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CAF9B06FFB15266FEEB95D7FE22FDB1" box="[378,455,511,535]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.24" pageId="16" pageNumber="327" unit="m" value="124.0">124 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
, I. Gómez &amp; Sääksjärvi leg. Malaise, 
<date id="FFE91023FFB15266FC1095D7FBC8FDB0" box="[897,1069,511,535]" pageId="16" pageNumber="327" value="2011-11-14" valueMax="2011-11-20" valueMin="2011-11-14">14–20.XI.2011</date>
. Female (
<collectionCode id="ED46AE26FFB15266FB0D95D7FB14FDB0" box="[1180,1265,511,535]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9aq9-rt4h" name="University of Tokyo, Department of Zoology" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">ZMUT</collectionCode>
), as above but, 
<date id="FFE91023FFB15266FF06960BFEA6FD9C" box="[151,323,547,571]" pageId="16" pageNumber="327" value="2011-09-12" valueMax="2011-09-18" valueMin="2011-09-12">12–18.IX.2011</date>
. Female (
<collectionCode id="ED46AE26FFB15266FE3E960BFDE1FD9C" box="[431,516,547,571]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9aq9-rt4h" name="University of Tokyo, Department of Zoology" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">ZMUT</collectionCode>
), as above but, Sääksjärvi 
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFB15266FCBD960CFC81FD9C" box="[812,868,546,571]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">et al.</emphasis>
leg., Malaise, H1(14), 
<date id="FFE91023FFB15266FBF9960BFB07FD9C" box="[1128,1250,547,571]" pageId="16" pageNumber="327" value="2000-10-17">17.X.2000</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D6568FFB15266FF56966EFE6DFB64" pageId="16" pageNumber="327" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE836E3FFB15266FF56966EFB7CFB94" blockId="16.[151,1437,438,1543]" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFB15266FF56966EFEFBFDF8" bold="true" box="[199,286,582,607]" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">Female</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136C2A66FFB15266FEBC966EFE95FDF8" box="[301,368,582,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1602,1624]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1580]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1581]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Habitus of Epirhyssa spp.: (females): A— E. cochabambae; B— E. braconoides; C — E. iiapensis sp. n. (holotype); D— E. pertenuis paratype; E— lutea sp. n. (holotype); F— E. zaphyma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243114/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
E). Fore wing length about 
<quantity id="4CAF9B06FFB15266FD35966FFD0DFDF9" box="[676,744,583,607]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="327" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
. 
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFB15266FD62966EFCD6FDF8" bold="true" box="[755,819,582,607]" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">Head</emphasis>
with occipital carina weakly discernible only laterally; posterior ocellus separated from eye by about 1.5–1.7 times its diameter; mandibles stout, lower tooth slightly longer than upper one; clypeus trapezoidal with margin concave centrally with a very small apical tubercle; lower face about 1.1–1.2 times as broad as medially long, polished with sparse yellowish setae; antenna slender with about 31 flagellar segments; gena highly polished with sparse setae. 
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFB15266FC2C96FEFBDEFD48" bold="true" box="[957,1083,726,751]" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">Mesosoma</emphasis>
with epomia close to anterior margin of pronotum; mesoscutum with central lobe not overhanging pronotum, transverse rugae sharp, with short dense pubescence; mesopleuron highly polished, with scattered setiferous punctures; subalar prominence inflated; epicnemial carina ventrally reaching well above level of lower corner of pronotum; hind coxa in profile about 2.4–2.6 times as wide as deep; fore wing with 
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFB15266FD0F974FFD35FCD9" box="[670,720,871,894]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">cu-a</emphasis>
distal to 
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFB15266FCA6974FFC65FCD9" box="[823,896,871,894]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">Rs&amp;M</emphasis>
; first subdiscal cell broadened distally, its width near outer end about 1.8–2.0 times its basal width; abscissa of 
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFB15266FCC397A4FC8CFC04" box="[850,873,908,931]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">M</emphasis>
between 
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFB15266FC4497A3FBF3FC04" box="[981,1046,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">2rs-m</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFB15266FBDD97A3FB76FC04" box="[1100,1171,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">2m-cu</emphasis>
about 0.3 times as long 
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFB15266FF069787FF3DFC60" box="[151,216,943,967]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">2rs-m</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFB15266FF799787FEE1FC61" box="[232,260,943,966]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">Rs</emphasis>
weakly and evenly bowed; propodeum short, highly polished laterally with long setae; submetapleural carina complete. 
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFB15266FEC997FAFE30FC4C" bold="true" box="[344,469,978,1003]" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">Metasoma</emphasis>
with tergite I about 1.5–2.3 times as long as posteriorly broad, wrinkled basally (
<figureCitation id="136C2A66FFB15266FAFE97FAFF43FBA8" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1902,1924]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,661,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[156,1431,661,1881]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. First metasomal tergite of Epirhyssa spp.: A— E. lutea sp. n. (holotype); B— E. zaphyma; C— E. simpirae sp. n. (holotype); D— E. lamolinensis sp. n. (holotype); E— E. perufinlandensis sp. n. (holotype); F— E. nigrithorax." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243118/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
A); tergite II about 1.0–1.2 times as long as posteriorly broad, highly polished, tergites III+ highly polished; ovipositor projecting beyond apex of metasoma by about 4.2–4.5 times length of hind tibia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836E3FFB15266FF569016FF19FB38" blockId="16.[151,1437,438,1543]" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFB15266FF569016FEAAFBF0" bold="true" box="[199,335,1086,1111]" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">Coloration.</emphasis>
An entirely fulvous yellow species, blackish on mandibular teeth, antennae, last tarsal segments and ovipositor sheaths. Wings hyaline apically with strong black band over both fore and hind wings; pterostigma blackish.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836E3FFB15266FF569082FE6DFB64" blockId="16.[151,1437,438,1543]" box="[199,392,1194,1219]" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFB15266FF569082FEE1FB64" bold="true" box="[199,260,1194,1219]" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">Male</emphasis>
. Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D6568FFB15266FF5690E6FF1FFA18" pageId="16" pageNumber="327" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE836E3FFB15266FF5690E6FA79FAD1" blockId="16.[151,1437,438,1543]" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFB15266FF5690E6FEDFFB40" bold="true" box="[199,314,1230,1255]" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. This species can be distinguished from all other Neotropical 
<taxonomicName id="4C574D60FFB15266FC6F90E6FB8BFB40" box="[1022,1134,1230,1255]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Epirhyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFB15266FC6F90E6FB8BFB40" box="[1022,1134,1230,1255]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">Epirhyssa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the combination of the following characters: 1) coloration entirely fulvous yellowish; 2) tergite I rather short, polished basally with longitudinal wrinkling; 3) propodeum highly polished, without any trace of a median longitudinal depression; and 4) submetapleural carina clearly defined and complete. 
<taxonomicName id="4C574D60FFB15266FC839112FC26FAF4" box="[786,963,1338,1363]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Epirhyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lutea" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFB15266FC839112FC26FAF4" box="[786,963,1338,1363]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">Epirhyssa lutea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A210578AFFB15266FC5D9112FBE8FAF4" box="[972,1037,1338,1363]" pageId="16" pageNumber="327" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFB15266FC5D9112FBE8FAF4" bold="true" box="[972,1037,1338,1363]" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
resembles 
<taxonomicName id="4C574D60FFB15266FB1F9114FAADFAF5" authority="Porter" authorityName="Porter" box="[1166,1352,1338,1363]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Epirhyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xoutha">
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFB15266FB1F9114FB7AFAF4" box="[1166,1183,1340,1363]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">E</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFB15266FB3E9112FB19FAF4" box="[1199,1276,1338,1363]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">xoutha</emphasis>
Porter
</taxonomicName>
in size and coloration but it can be distinguished from the latter by the presence of the occipital carina and shorter tergite I.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836E3FFB15266FF5691AAFF1FFA18" blockId="16.[151,1437,438,1543]" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFB15266FF5691AAFE66FA3C" bold="true" box="[199,387,1410,1435]" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">Biological notes</emphasis>
. The species is only known to occur in lowland Peruvian Amazonia, nothing is known about its hosts.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D6568FFB15266FF5691E2FB93FA44" box="[199,1142,1482,1507]" pageId="16" pageNumber="327" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BE836E3FFB15266FF5691E2FB93FA44" blockId="16.[151,1437,438,1543]" box="[199,1142,1482,1507]" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFB15266FF5691E2FEABFA44" bold="true" box="[199,334,1482,1507]" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">Etymology.</emphasis>
The name 
<taxonomicName id="4C574D60FFB15266FE5A91E2FDE6FA44" box="[459,515,1482,1507]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Epirhyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lutea">
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFB15266FE5A91E2FDE6FA44" box="[459,515,1482,1507]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">lutea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
refers to the orange yellowish coloration of the species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D6568FFB15266FF5691C6FE47F9A1" box="[199,418,1518,1543]" pageId="16" pageNumber="327" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE836E3FFB15266FF5691C6FE47F9A1" blockId="16.[151,1437,438,1543]" box="[199,418,1518,1543]" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">
<emphasis id="B923EAF1FFB15266FF5691C6FE85F9A0" bold="true" box="[199,352,1518,1543]" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3407673FFB15266FEF691C7FE7BF9A1" box="[359,414,1519,1542]" name="Peru" pageId="16" pageNumber="327">Peru</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>