<documentID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.901.39432"ID-GBIF-Dataset="654566e8-947b-4dfe-8fbc-baea3d254fa8"ID-PMC="PMC6965333"ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-901-1"ID-Pensoft-UUID="D8C38C1C3844549F8BEC7C1D884CDF8E"ID-PubMed="31975782"ModsDocID="1313-2970-901-1"checkinTime="1578615027095"checkinUser="pensoft"docAuthor="Balkenohl, Michael"docDate="2020"docId="2539ACAEEF2E5F4DA7DF755F030D1F55"docLanguage="en"docName="ZooKeys 901: 1-81"docOrigin="ZooKeys 901"docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.901.39432"docTitle="Salcedia perrieri Fairmaire 1899"docType="treatment"docVersion="5"id="D8C38C1C3844549F8BEC7C1D884CDF8E"lastPageNumber="1"masterDocId="D8C38C1C3844549F8BEC7C1D884CDF8E"masterDocTitle="A genus in disguise. Revision of the genus Salcedia Fairmaire, 1899 with descriptions of nine new species (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Scaritinae, Salcediini)"masterLastPageNumber="81"masterPageNumber="1"pageNumber="1"updateTime="1732478763716"updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:titleid="C143C51AB5C812231802CFC82D772554">A genus in disguise. Revision of the genus Salcedia Fairmaire, 1899 with descriptions of nine new species (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Scaritinae, Salcediini)</mods:title>
<figureCitationid="5CE570E8E2E1EC7BDD1BF6B2D6E52760"captionStart="Figure 1"captionStartId="F1"captionText="Figure 1. Semi-schematic dorsal view of Salcedia perrieri Fairmaire highlighting some of the features and discriminating characters used in the descriptions and the identification key. Interneurs 7 and 8 visible in ventral view (see Fig. 2)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figure1"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370602"pageId="0"pageNumber="1">Figs 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="B82716D1F89F3CBC997F2AE325CC6C4C"captionStart="Figures 3, 4"captionStartId="F3"captionText="Figures 3, 4. Identical Salcedia specimens in uncleaned (a) and cleaned (b) condition 3 S. perrieri Fairmaire 4 S. lukulua sp. nov."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures3-4"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370604"pageId="0"pageNumber="1">, 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="4890B7D5EC4083C4E5F99AB430B15C94"captionStart="Figures 8–13"captionStartId="F7"captionText="Figures 8 - 13. Salcedia species, habitus, dorsal view, holotype 8 S. perrieri Fairmaire 9 S. unifoveata sp. nov. 10 S. faillei sp. nov. 11 S. coquilhati Alluaud 12 S. elongata Alluaud 13 S. africana (Britton)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures8-13"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370608"pageId="0"pageNumber="1">, 8</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="3A2F17550924D43EB4507C27DE378FB6"captionStart="Figures 26–35"captionStartId="F10"captionText="Figures 26 - 35. Salcedia species, pronotum, dorsal view 26 S. perrieri Fairmaire 27 S. unifoveata sp. nov. 28 S. faillei sp. nov. 29 S. coquilhati Alluaud 30 S. elongata Alluaud 31 S. africana (Britton) 32 S. schoutedeni Alluaud 33 S. nigeriensis Alluaud 34 S. putzeysi (Oberthuer) 35 S. matsumotoi sp. nov."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures26-35"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370611"pageId="0"pageNumber="1">, 26</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="FC2FF1AD952315111FBA866B17D51A80"captionStart="Figures 44–51"captionStartId="F12"captionText="Figures 44 - 51. Salcedia species, left elytron, basal half, dorsal view 44 S. perrieri Fairmaire 45 S. unifoveata sp. nov. 46 S. elongata Alluaud 47 S. africana (Britton) 48 S. schoutedeni Alluaud 49 S. nigeriensis Alluaud 50 S. baroensis sp. nov. 51 S. miranda (Andrewes)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures44-51"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370613"pageId="0"pageNumber="1">, 44</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="5E83857C1FD6BBE770161716FF6E2415"captionStart="Figures 52–57"captionStartId="F13"captionText="Figures 52 - 57. Salcedia species, male genitalia, dorsal view of aedeagus (a) and parameres (b, c), lateral view (d). Small sketches in black symbolising the apex in cross section 52 S. perrieri Fairmaire 53 S. unifoveata sp. nov. 54 S. faillei sp. nov. 55 S. coquilhati Alluaud 56 S. elongata Alluaud 57 S. africana (Britton)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures52-57"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370614"pageId="0"pageNumber="1">, 52</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="37FF42E9015E098F1E0FE53D4E69BB89"captionStart="Figures 68–76"captionStartId="F16"captionText="Figures 68 - 76. Salcedia species, female coxostyli (gonopod IX) and laterotergite IX (epipleutite IX) 68 S. perrieri Fairmaire 69 S. unifoveata sp. nov. 70 S. coquilhati Alluaud 71 S. elongata Alluaud 72 S. africana (Britton) 73 S. schoutedeni Alluaud 74 S. nigeriensis Alluaud 75 S. putzeysi (Oberthuer) 76 S. matsumotoi sp. nov."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures68-76"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370617"pageId="0"pageNumber="1">, 68</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="78177C927F8FD83474F4E727B7C7BC24"captionStart="Figure 84"captionStartId="F18"captionText="Figure 84. Map of tropical Africa providing an overview of the occurrence of all African Salcedia species described to date (recorded localities plotted). 1 (black S. perrieri Fairmaire; 2 (white) S. unifoveata sp. nov.; 3 (black circle) S. faillei sp. nov.; 4 (red) S. coquilhati Alluaud; 5 (yellow) S. elongata Alluaud; 6 (blue) S. africana (Britton); 7 (orange) S. utetea sp. nov.; 8 (grey) S. procera sp. nov.; 9 (light green) S. robusta sp. nov.; 10 (turquoise) S. schoutedeni Alluaud; 11 (purple) S. lukulua sp. nov.; 12 (dark green) S. tuberculata sp. nov.; 13 (brown) S. baroensis sp. nov.; 14 (light blue) S. nigeriensis Alluaud; 16 (dark blue) S. putzeysi (Oberthuer); 17 (black) S. matsumotoi sp. nov.;? in a circle (twice): collection locality of a single female Salcedia specimen of uncertain species. Basic schematic map of Africa taken from SimpleMappr. net."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figure84"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370619"pageId="0"pageNumber="1">, 84</figureCitation>
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<paragraphid="552A2FDFEB84C671758B5193C24AAA40"pageId="0"pageNumber="1">The holotype is complete. The specimen was located in the collection Fairmaire in MNHN.</paragraph>
1 spec., Madagascar Ron Maroantsetra V 35 Vadon! (MNHN, CBB); 29 specs., Madagascar Ron Maroantsetra IV 38 Vadon! / Andranofotsy (MNHN); 2 ♂, 2 specs., same data but with label COLL. MUS. Congo Madagascar: Col.P.Basilewsky / one of them with additional blue label:
PARIS 1938 J. VADON et E. LEBIS (MRACT); 4 specs., Madagascar Ron Maroantsetra IV 38 Vadon! / Antakotako (MNHN); 1 spec., same data but Mahakiry (MNHN); 1 ♀, 3 specs., Madagascar, Fampanambo XII.1958 86 (Inondations) / MUS. ROY. CENTR. Madagascar Est: Bale
A medium sized species, with sub-elongate oval outline of the elytra with maximum width at middle and the pronotum with three additional lateral carinae. The pseudohumerus is nearly rectangular and distinctly dentate. The antennomeres are elongate. Distinguished most clearly from the similar species
sp. nov. by the tubercle on the frons of the head, the twelve tubercles at the lateral margin of the pronotum, and the pseudohumerus of the elytron which shows a laterally projecting tooth. Moreover, the median lobe of the male genitalia is different and the dorsal paramere has a pilus at the apex.
<tableCitationid="260C9A94A8BCBA9DF7D9635F384D165D"captionStart="Table 1"captionStartId="T1"captionText="Table 1. Measurements and ratios of Salcedia species. N = number of specimens measured; x ̄ = arithmetic mean; " term used " refers to the shape of the elytra."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/FDDA58A1B347C9F0593A738CF707345F"pageId="0"pageNumber="1"tableUuid="FDDA58A1B347C9F0593A738CF707345F">1</tableCitation>
Two-thirds of width of pronotum. Outline semi-circular. Clypeus wide, straight anteriorly, separated from convex clypeal wings by indistinct obtuse notches, clypeal wings separated from supra-antennal plates by distinct notches, with raised pentagon-shaped field at middle, separated from frons by deep transverse furrow, frons with two raised paramedian carinae, joining anteriorly, prolonged anteriorly into a central distinctly erected tubercle, with two small glossy teeth bilaterally anterior to central tubercle, with two parallel carinae paralaterally near base; frons and clypeus separated from supra-antennal and supraorbital plates by deep broad furrows, each furrow with deep circular pit between supra-antennal plate and clypeus; supra-antennal and supraorbital plates distinctly margined, margin raised, carina-like, indistinctly crenulated, supra-antennal plates vaulted. Base emarginated at middle, obtuse angled laterally (angle 120°). Eyes convex, genae slightly convex, both of them partly visible from above, with pentagonal shape in lateral view. Antenna with segments five to ten elongate (L/W 1.26), densely pubescent, segments two to four scarcely pubescent, scapus with longitudinal reticulation. Labrum excised anteriorly. Mandible moderately short, wide, slightly arcuate at apex. Mentum small, epilobes wide, projecting and obtuse angled anteriorly, completely margined, surface coriaciate-like with flat impressions.
): Outline rectangular, transverse, a third wider than long. Lateral margin convex, maximum width at middle, converging anteriorly and posteriorly. Lateral margin distinctly crenulated, with 12 tubercles, with distinct emargination at posterior angles. Base posteriorly moderately wing-like produced, with distinct notch between wing and central part of base, straight posteriorly. Declining flat keel at middle of base pointing posteriorly. Disc slightly convex (lateral view), with two raised paramedian carinae parallel to median line, slightly diverging posteriorly, with median line small, short, ending in pits anteriorly and posteriorly, with four additional shorter carinae bilaterally, the paralateral one joining with the paramedian carinae at base and forming a tooth-like tubercle pointing posteriorly, extended anteriorly as less raised paralateral carina. Two much shorter and less raised inner and outer lateral carinae, the inner one joining with the anterior extension of paralateral carina, all carinae sub-crenulate. Lateral margin and space between lateral margin and paralateral carina wing-like bent up, with six large transverse pits, the basal ones partly separated into two small circular pits.
<figureCitationid="8C0CB9BC8EE48F1FF5C9C3070527EE15"captionStart="Figures 44–51"captionStartId="F12"captionText="Figures 44 - 51. Salcedia species, left elytron, basal half, dorsal view 44 S. perrieri Fairmaire 45 S. unifoveata sp. nov. 46 S. elongata Alluaud 47 S. africana (Britton) 48 S. schoutedeni Alluaud 49 S. nigeriensis Alluaud 50 S. baroensis sp. nov. 51 S. miranda (Andrewes)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures44-51"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370613"pageId="0"pageNumber="1">44</figureCitation>
): Flattened in anterior half (lateral view), convex in frontal view. Sub-elongate, margin moderately convex, maximum width at middle. Pseudohumerus nearly rectangular, distinctly dentate. Apex rounded, acutely denticulate at suture. Disc with interneur six sub-crenulate, interneur two running up to apex as slightly convex line, conspicuously raised; interneur four running in parallel to interneur six, not reaching base, shortened at apex. Interneur five and six with two rows of serial pits, the latter ones partly doubled at base and transversally connected apically.
Antennal channel of pronotum with isodiametric reticulation. Pseudoepipleura with one row of serial pits, lateral margin of elytron smooth. Metasternum and last five abdominal sternites with numerous irregularly situated larger and smaller pits, regularly arranged at carinae and margins.
Profemora with irregular pits on dorsal surface. Protibia laterally with two larger and one smaller tooth, dorsally with one and ventrally with two carinae. Metafemora with small, short grooves at dorsal surface.
<figureCitationid="73A06BC92B1FF0C328B973D222F7147D"captionStart="Figures 52–57"captionStartId="F13"captionText="Figures 52 - 57. Salcedia species, male genitalia, dorsal view of aedeagus (a) and parameres (b, c), lateral view (d). Small sketches in black symbolising the apex in cross section 52 S. perrieri Fairmaire 53 S. unifoveata sp. nov. 54 S. faillei sp. nov. 55 S. coquilhati Alluaud 56 S. elongata Alluaud 57 S. africana (Britton)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures52-57"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370614"pageId="0"pageNumber="1">52</figureCitation>
): Median lobe large, moderately slender, in lateral view nearly straight, in dorsal view slightly arcuate in basal half and at middle, distinctly arcuate in apical third, with few fine pili at beginning of apical third, apex stick-like. Endophallus with two longitudinal groups of densely situated microtrichia, groups as long as one third of median lobe. Dorsal paramere moderately wide at base, bisinuate, with pilus at apex, lateral and basal apophysis blunt; ventral one of moderate size; both parameres somewhat distorted.
<figureCitationid="B686EBD60DE4CD34418BB755EC9F8CF3"captionStart="Figures 68–76"captionStartId="F16"captionText="Figures 68 - 76. Salcedia species, female coxostyli (gonopod IX) and laterotergite IX (epipleutite IX) 68 S. perrieri Fairmaire 69 S. unifoveata sp. nov. 70 S. coquilhati Alluaud 71 S. elongata Alluaud 72 S. africana (Britton) 73 S. schoutedeni Alluaud 74 S. nigeriensis Alluaud 75 S. putzeysi (Oberthuer) 76 S. matsumotoi sp. nov."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures68-76"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370617"pageId="0"pageNumber="1">68</figureCitation>
): Coxostylus moderately broad at base, obtusely curved, moderately broad in apical third, rounded at apex, at end of basal third with one broader and five slender nematiform setae laterally, with one long slender nematiform seta ventrally, SSO with one microtrichium.
The carinae on the frons of the head are tuberculated to a different degree. The number and shape of the pits on the ventral surface varies to a small degree. Slight differences could also be observed with the flat impressions on the lower surface. The female specimen from Perinet (label indicating uncertain location) is slightly larger than the other ones but in all other characters matches
<figureCitationid="974441EFF75AE6CFC1A66066F47FAD06"captionStart="Figure 84"captionStartId="F18"captionText="Figure 84. Map of tropical Africa providing an overview of the occurrence of all African Salcedia species described to date (recorded localities plotted). 1 (black S. perrieri Fairmaire; 2 (white) S. unifoveata sp. nov.; 3 (black circle) S. faillei sp. nov.; 4 (red) S. coquilhati Alluaud; 5 (yellow) S. elongata Alluaud; 6 (blue) S. africana (Britton); 7 (orange) S. utetea sp. nov.; 8 (grey) S. procera sp. nov.; 9 (light green) S. robusta sp. nov.; 10 (turquoise) S. schoutedeni Alluaud; 11 (purple) S. lukulua sp. nov.; 12 (dark green) S. tuberculata sp. nov.; 13 (brown) S. baroensis sp. nov.; 14 (light blue) S. nigeriensis Alluaud; 16 (dark blue) S. putzeysi (Oberthuer); 17 (black) S. matsumotoi sp. nov.;? in a circle (twice): collection locality of a single female Salcedia specimen of uncertain species. Basic schematic map of Africa taken from SimpleMappr. net."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figure84"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370619"pageId="0"pageNumber="1">84</figureCitation>
): Known from several localities in north-east and Central Madagascar. As far as the label information allows it can be stated the specimens were collected at the margins of inland waters. Some of the specimens were collected after flooding. The type locality Suberbieville is located on the River Ikopa near Maevatana in the north-west of Madagascar.
