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<mods:title id="FEAD2835DD7B3B8B19A89A28BCFB2B62">Sea cucumbers of the genus Labidodemas (Holothuroidea: Holothuriida: Holothuriidae) from Indonesia, with the description of a new species and a revised key to the genus</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="B91D952CFFB53A1895F4FE80FE2E3448" bold="true" box="[151,428,295,322]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="229">Labidodemas rugosum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF834CFFFB53A1894D8FE80FDE53448" author="Ludwig, H." box="[443,615,295,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="229" pagination="77 - 118" refId="ref8343" refString="Ludwig, H. (1875) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Holothurien. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologisch-Zootomischen Institut in Wurzburg, 2, 77 - 118." type="journal article" year="1875">Ludwig, 1875</bibRefCitation>
)
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(
<figureCitation id="135255BBFFB53A1895FCFEECFEA5346C" box="[159,295,331,357]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1752,1776]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1564,1588]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,1696,1720]" captionTargetBox-0="[257,1329,889,1728]" captionTargetBox-1="[257,1329,181,1540]" captionTargetBox-2="[257,1329,181,1672]" captionTargetId-0="figure-190@2.[257,1329,889,1728]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@3.[257,1329,181,1540]" captionTargetId-2="figure-25@4.[257,1329,181,1672]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Labidodemas rugosum (Ludwig, 1875). Live specimen photograph, MZB Hol.427 (70x15 mm in ethanol). A: dorsal; B. ventral; C: illustration of calcareous ring." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Labidodemas rugosum (Ludwig, 1875). A, C, D, and E, MZB Hol.427; B, MZB Hol.390. Dorsal body wall, A: tables; B: buttons. Ventral body wall, C: tables; D: buttons. E: tentacle rods." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Labidodemas rugosum (Ludwig, 1875). MZB Hol.427. Dorsal papillae, A: rod-like buttons; B: rods; C: buttons; D: tables. Ventral tube feet, E: tables; F: buttons; G: buttons-plate; H: plates." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746861" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746863" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746865" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13746861/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13746863/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13746865/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="229">Figures 2–4</figureCitation>
)
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC86F2FFFB53A1895F4FE37FD9F34A1" author="Ludwig, H." box="[151,541,399,424]" page="110" pageId="2" pageNumber="229" year="1875">
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<emphasis id="B91D952CFFB53A1895F4FE37FED634AE" box="[151,340,400,424]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="229">Holothuria rugosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF834CFFFB53A189438FE37FD9F34A1" author="Ludwig, H." box="[347,541,399,424]" pageId="2" pageNumber="229" pagination="77 - 118" refId="ref8343" refString="Ludwig, H. (1875) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Holothurien. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologisch-Zootomischen Institut in Wurzburg, 2, 77 - 118." type="journal article" year="1875">Ludwig, 1875: 110</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 7, figs. 33a–c; 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF834CFFFB53A1897BDFE37FC1534A1" author="Pearson, J." box="[734,919,400,424]" pageId="2" pageNumber="229" pagination="49 - 101" refId="ref8553" refString="Pearson, J. (1913) Notes on the Holothurioidea of the Indian Ocean. Spolia Zeylandica, 9, 49 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 7317" type="journal article" year="1913">Pearson, 1913: 82</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6932BDFFB53A1895F4FE09FEDF34CF" ID-CoL="3MB5W" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,349,430,454]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="2" pageNumber="229" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="triremis">
<emphasis id="B91D952CFFB53A1895F4FE09FEDF34CF" box="[151,349,430,454]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="229">Holothuria triremis</emphasis>
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; Sluiter, 1901: 19, Taf. VI, 
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C6932BDFFB53A1895F4FE6AFE5E34EC" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1875" box="[151,476,461,485]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="2" pageNumber="229" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rugosa" subGenus="Holothuria">
<emphasis id="B91D952CFFB53A1895F4FE6AFE8A34EC" box="[151,264,461,485]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="229">Holothuria</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B91D952CFFB53A189474FE6AFE0A34EC" box="[279,392,461,485]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="229">Holothuria</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B91D952CFFB53A1894F5FE69FE5E34EC" box="[406,476,462,485]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="229">rugosa</emphasis>
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; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF834CFFFB53A189489FE6AFDFE34EC" author="Panning, A." box="[490,636,461,485]" pageId="2" pageNumber="229" pagination="65 - 84" refId="ref8520" refString="Panning, A. (1934 b) Die Gattung Holothuria. 3. Teil. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologichen Staatsinstitur und Zoologischen Museum in Hamburg, 1934, 65 - 84." type="journal article" year="1934">Panning, 1934</bibRefCitation>
(teil. 3): 75.
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<emphasis id="B91D952CFFB53A1895F4FE4BFEEE370A" box="[151,364,492,516]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="229">Labidodemas rugosa</emphasis>
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; 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF834CFFFB53A189419FE4BFDFF370A" author="Jangoux, M. &amp; De Ridder, C. &amp; Massin, C. &amp; Darsono, P." box="[378,637,491,516]" pageId="2" pageNumber="229" pagination="161 - 170" refId="ref8131" refString="Jangoux, M., De Ridder, C., Massin, C. &amp; Darsono, P. (1989) The holothuroids, echinoids and asteroids (echinodermata) collected by the Snellius-II expedition. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research, 23, 161 - 170. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0077 - 7579 (89) 90010 - 0" type="journal article" year="1989">
Jangoux 
<emphasis id="B91D952CFFB53A1894B6FE4BFD8A370D" box="[469,520,492,516]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="229">et al.</emphasis>
, 1989: 163
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.
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB796E10FFB53A1895F4FDADFE823748" pageId="2" pageNumber="229">
<taxonomicName id="4C6932BDFFB53A1895F4FDADFEFD372B" ID-CoL="3RJJK" authorityName="Kudingareng-Sulawesi" baseAuthorityName="Ludwig" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[151,383,522,546]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Labidodemas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="2" pageNumber="229" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rugosum">
<emphasis id="B91D952CFFB53A1895F4FDADFEFD372B" box="[151,383,522,546]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="229">Labidodemas rugosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF834CFFFB53A1894EFFDADFD0D372B" author="Massin, C. &amp; Samyn, Y. &amp; Thandar, A. S." box="[396,655,522,546]" pageId="2" pageNumber="229" pagination="1811 - 1847" refId="ref8451" refString="Massin, C., Samyn, Y. &amp; Thandar, A. S. (2004) The genus Labidodemas (Holothuroidea: Aspidochirotida) revisited, with description of three new species and with re-positioning of Holothuria (Irenothuria) maccullochi Deichmann, 1958. Journal of Natural History, 38, 1811 - 1847. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293031000156268" type="journal article" year="2004">
Massin 
<emphasis id="B91D952CFFB53A1894B8FDACFD8C372B" box="[475,526,522,546]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="229">et al.</emphasis>
, 2004: 1830
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, figs. 8A–L, map 5 (records before 2004); 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF834CFFFB53A189123FDADFAE7372B" author="Purwati, P. &amp; Wirawati, I." box="[1088,1381,522,546]" pageId="2" pageNumber="229" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref8592" refString="Purwati, P. &amp; Wirawati, I. (2011) Holothuriidae (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea, Aspidochirotida) Perairan Dangkal Lombok Barat Bagian II. Genus Actinopyga, Bohadschia, Pearsonothuria, Labidodemas. Jurnal Oseanologi, 3 (1 / 2), 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2011">Purwati &amp; Wirawati, 2011: 7</bibRefCitation>
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, figs. 6a–b.
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<emphasis id="B91D952CFFB53A1895F4FDC8FEBC3780" bold="true" box="[151,318,623,649]" pageId="2" pageNumber="229">Type material</emphasis>
. 
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<typeStatus id="54D2F79CFFB53A18942FFDC8FE363780" box="[332,436,623,649]" pageId="2" pageNumber="229" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED78D1FBFFB53A1894D8FDD7FE7B3783" box="[443,505,624,650]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="2" pageNumber="229" type="Museum">ZMH</collectionCode>
E.2625.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6493EFFB53A1895A4FD34FDFA37A7" blockId="2.[151,1437,623,865]" box="[199,632,659,686]" pageId="2" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis id="B91D952CFFB53A1895A4FD34FEE237A4" bold="true" box="[199,352,659,685]" pageId="2" pageNumber="229">
<typeStatus id="54D2F79CFFB53A1895A4FD34FE8037A4" box="[199,258,659,685]" pageId="2" pageNumber="229">Type</typeStatus>
locality
</emphasis>
. 
<collectingCountry id="F37E09AEFFB53A18940DFD34FE3837A4" box="[366,442,659,685]" name="Samoa" pageId="2" pageNumber="229">Samoa</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF834CFFFB53A1894AAFD34FDEE37A7" author="Ludwig, H." box="[457,620,659,686]" pageId="2" pageNumber="229" pagination="77 - 118" refId="ref8343" refString="Ludwig, H. (1875) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Holothurien. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologisch-Zootomischen Institut in Wurzburg, 2, 77 - 118." type="journal article" year="1875">Ludwig, 1875</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6493EFFB53A1895A4FD10FE9B3668" blockId="2.[151,1437,623,865]" pageId="2" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis id="B91D952CFFB53A1895A4FD10FE2F37D8" bold="true" box="[199,429,695,721]" pageId="2" pageNumber="229">Material examined</emphasis>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B014363FFB53A1894DDFD10FBDC37D8" box="[446,1118,695,722]" collectingDate="2018-07-01" collectionCode="MZB" collectorName="Tim Teripang P" county="Hol." elevation="4" location="Hol." municipality="Bilik Sajile" pageId="2" pageNumber="229" specimenCode="LIPI 2018" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Jawa Timur">
<specimenCount id="9D6F82B7FFB53A1894DDFD10FD0037D8" box="[446,642,695,721]" count="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="229" type="generic">Three specimens</specimenCount>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED78D1FBFFB53A1897F2FD1FFD4C37DB" box="[657,718,696,722]" country="Indonesia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9gz-izvg" name="Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense" pageId="2" pageNumber="229" type="Museum">MZB</collectionCode>
<location id="8EB61FE5FFB53A1897BBFD10FC8A37D8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C0F828FFB53A1F95F4FE80FD6C3192:8EB61FE5FFB53A1897BBFD10FC8A37D8" box="[728,776,695,721]" name="Hol." pageId="2" pageNumber="229">Hol.</location>
390 (110x 
<quantity id="4C91E4DBFFB53A18961DFD10FC5337DB" box="[894,977,695,722]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="229" unit="mm" value="55.0">55 mm</quantity>
in ethanol),
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B014363FFB53A18910AFD1FFC9C3610" collectingDate="2018-07-01" collectionCode="MZB" collectorName="Tim Teripang P" county="Hol." elevation="4" location="Hol." municipality="Bilik Sajile" pageId="2" pageNumber="229" specimenCode="LIPI 2018" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Jawa Timur">
<collectionCode id="ED78D1FBFFB53A18910AFD1FFB2437DB" box="[1129,1190,696,722]" country="Indonesia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9gz-izvg" name="Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense" pageId="2" pageNumber="229" type="Museum">MZB</collectionCode>
<collectingCounty id="62B731B2FFB53A1891D2FD10FB6337D8" box="[1201,1249,695,721]" pageId="2" pageNumber="229">Hol.</collectingCounty>
427 (70x 
<quantity id="4C91E4DBFFB53A18902FFD10FA1F37DB" box="[1356,1437,695,722]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="229" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
in ethanol); both collected in 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB2D344FFB53A189488FD7CFDED37FC" box="[491,623,731,757]" pageId="2" pageNumber="229">Bilik Sajile</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8EB61FE5FFB53A18971FFD7CFCFC37FC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C0F828FFB53A1F95F4FE80FD6C3192:8EB61FE5FFB53A18971FFD7CFCFC37FC" box="[636,894,731,757]" county="Hol." municipality="Bilik Sajile" name="Baluran National Park" pageId="2" pageNumber="229" stateProvince="Jawa Timur">Baluran National Park</location>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49AD87DCFFB53A1896E8FD7BFC7B37FF" box="[907,1017,732,758]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="2" pageNumber="229">East Java</collectingRegion>
, by snorkeling, under a rock, 
<elevation id="0044AE0DFFB53A189030FD7CFF5A3610" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="229" unit="m" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">
<quantity id="4C91E4DBFFB53A189030FD7CFA1E37FF" box="[1363,1436,731,758]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="229" unit="m" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, coll. by 
<collectorName id="269C2CE8FFB53A18945EFD58FE693610" box="[317,491,767,793]" pageId="2" pageNumber="229">Tim Teripang P</collectorName>
2O 
<specimenCode id="DBCFE145FFB53A189777FCA7FD0B3610" box="[532,649,767,794]" collectionCode="LIPI" pageId="2" pageNumber="229">LIPI 2018</specimenCode>
, 
<date id="FFD76FFEFFB53A1897F7FD58FC993610" box="[660,795,767,793]" pageId="2" pageNumber="229" value="2018-07-01">
<collectingDate id="EF939616FFB53A1897F7FD58FC993610" box="[660,795,767,793]" pageId="2" pageNumber="229" value="2018-07-01">1 July 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B014363FFB53A189647FCA7FE8B3637" collectingDate="2018-07-01" collectionCode="MZB" collectorName="Tim Teripang P" county="Hol." elevation="4" location="Hol." municipality="Bilik Sajile" pageId="2" pageNumber="229" specimenCode="LIPI 2018" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Jawa Timur">
<collectionCode id="ED78D1FBFFB53A189647FCA7FCE33613" box="[804,865,768,794]" country="Indonesia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9gz-izvg" name="Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense" pageId="2" pageNumber="229" type="Museum">MZB</collectionCode>
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB2D344FFB53A18960BFD58FC1A3613" box="[872,920,767,794]" pageId="2" pageNumber="229">Hol.</collectingMunicipality>
425 (110x 
<quantity id="4C91E4DBFFB53A18916AFD58FBDB3613" box="[1033,1113,767,794]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="229" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
in ethanol), coll. 
<collectorName id="269C2CE8FFB53A18907EFD58FA1A3610" box="[1309,1432,767,793]" pageId="2" pageNumber="229">Bakaheuni</collectorName>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49AD87DCFFB53A1895F4FC83FE873637" box="[151,261,804,830]" country="Indonesia" name="Lampung" pageId="2" pageNumber="229">Lampung</collectingRegion>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B014363FFB53A189472FC84FE973668" collectingDate="2018-07-01" collectionCode="MZB" collectorName="Tim Teripang P" county="Hol." elevation="4" location="Hol." municipality="Bilik Sajile" pageId="2" pageNumber="229" specimenCode="LIPI 2018" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Jawa Timur">
<location id="8EB61FE5FFB53A189472FC84FED03634" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C0F828FFB53A1F95F4FE80FD6C3192:8EB61FE5FFB53A189472FC84FED03634" box="[273,338,803,829]" municipality="Hol." name="South" pageId="2" pageNumber="229" stateProvince="Lampung">South</location>
<collectingRegion id="49AD87DCFFB53A189439FC84FE453634" box="[346,455,803,829]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="2" pageNumber="229">Sumatera</collectingRegion>
; during low tide, under a rock, 
<elevation id="0044AE0DFFB53A18964AFC84FC613634" box="[809,995,803,830]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="229" unit="m" value="1.0" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.5">
<quantity id="4C91E4DBFFB53A18964AFC84FC183637" box="[809,922,803,830]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="229" unit="m" value="1.0" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1.5 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, coll. by 
<collectorName id="269C2CE8FFB53A189129FC84FB7B3634" box="[1098,1273,803,829]" pageId="2" pageNumber="229">Tim Teripang P</collectorName>
2O 
<specimenCode id="DBCFE145FFB53A189041FC83FA1A3634" box="[1314,1432,803,830]" collectionCode="LIPI" pageId="2" pageNumber="229">LIPI 2016</specimenCode>
, 
<date id="FFD76FFEFFB53A1895F4FCE0FE973668" box="[151,277,839,865]" pageId="2" pageNumber="229" value="2016-04">
<collectingDate id="EF939616FFB53A1895F4FCE0FE973668" box="[151,277,839,865]" pageId="2" pageNumber="229" value="2016-04">April 2016</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1619B6FFB53A1895F4F97FFD21321D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746861" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13746861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746861/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="229" startId="2.[151,250,1752,1776]" targetBox="[257,1329,889,1728]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD6493EFFB53A1895F4F97FFD21321D" blockId="2.[151,1437,1752,1812]" pageId="2" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis id="B91D952CFFB53A1895F4F97FFE9433F9" bold="true" box="[151,278,1752,1776]" pageId="2" pageNumber="229">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6932BDFFB53A18947CF97FFD3A33F9" authority="(Ludwig, 1875)" authorityName="Kudingareng-Sulawesi" baseAuthorityName="Ludwig" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[287,696,1752,1776]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Labidodemas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="2" pageNumber="229" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rugosum">
<emphasis id="B91D952CFFB53A18947CF97FFD8833F9" box="[287,522,1752,1776]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="229">Labidodemas rugosum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF834CFFFB53A189779F97FFD3233F9" author="Ludwig, H." box="[538,688,1752,1776]" pageId="2" pageNumber="229" pagination="77 - 118" refId="ref8343" refString="Ludwig, H. (1875) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Holothurien. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologisch-Zootomischen Institut in Wurzburg, 2, 77 - 118." type="journal article" year="1875">Ludwig, 1875</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Live specimen photograph, MZB Hol.427 (70x15 mm in ethanol). A: dorsal; B. ventral; C: illustration of calcareous ring.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD6493EFFB53A1895A4F8C1FDFD32E4" blockId="2.[151,1437,1894,2029]" pageId="2" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis id="B91D952CFFB53A1895A4F8C1FE393289" bold="true" box="[199,443,1894,1920]" pageId="2" pageNumber="229">External description</emphasis>
. Body cylindrical; specimen colour in ethanol white uniformly (
<figureCitation id="135255BBFFB53A1891E1F8C1FA873289" box="[1154,1285,1894,1920]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1752,1776]" captionTargetBox="[257,1329,889,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-190@2.[257,1329,889,1728]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Labidodemas rugosum (Ludwig, 1875). Live specimen photograph, MZB Hol.427 (70x15 mm in ethanol). A: dorsal; B. ventral; C: illustration of calcareous ring." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746861/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="229">Figs. 2A, B</figureCitation>
). Body rather gritty, 
<quantity id="4C91E4DBFFB53A189580F82DFEC632AC" box="[227,324,1930,1957]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="229" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
thick. Mouth and anus terminal; mouth white in colour, surrounded by 18–20 yellow tentacles. Dorsal papillae small, scattered over the surface. Ventral tube feet longer than dorsal papillae (
<quantity id="4C91E4DBFFB53A1891DDF809FAC932C1" box="[1214,1355,1966,1993]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="229" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.5 mm</quantity>
), white to yellowish, 3–6 rows in ambulacral areas.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1619B6FFB43A1995F4F9BBFC1A3351" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746863" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13746863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746863/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="230" startId="3.[151,250,1564,1588]" targetBox="[257,1329,181,1540]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD6493EFFB43A1995F4F9BBFC1A3351" blockId="3.[151,1437,1564,1625]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">
<emphasis id="B91D952CFFB43A1995F4F9BBFE96333D" bold="true" box="[151,276,1564,1588]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6932BDFFB43A19947EF9BBFD30333D" authority="(Ludwig, 1875)" authorityName="Kudingareng-Sulawesi" baseAuthorityName="Ludwig" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[285,690,1564,1588]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Labidodemas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="3" pageNumber="230" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rugosum">
<emphasis id="B91D952CFFB43A19947EF9BBFD84333D" box="[285,518,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">Labidodemas rugosum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF834CFFFB43A199776F9BBFD2B333D" author="Ludwig, H." box="[533,681,1564,1588]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230" pagination="77 - 118" refId="ref8343" refString="Ludwig, H. (1875) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Holothurien. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologisch-Zootomischen Institut in Wurzburg, 2, 77 - 118." type="journal article" year="1875">Ludwig, 1875</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. A, C, D, and E, MZB Hol.427; B, MZB Hol.390. Dorsal body wall, A: tables; B: buttons. Ventral body wall, C: tables; D: buttons. E: tentacle rods.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD6493EFFB43A1995A4F90CFB883294" blockId="3.[151,1437,1706,1949]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">
<emphasis id="B91D952CFFB43A1995A4F90CFE3533CD" bold="true" box="[199,439,1706,1733]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">Internal description</emphasis>
. Calcareous ring with radial pieces twice higher than interradial ones (radial pieces 
<quantity id="4C91E4DBFFB43A199011F90CFF4133E0" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="230" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
wide and 
<quantity id="4C91E4DBFFB43A199451F969FE2133E0" box="[306,419,1742,1769]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="230" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–3 mm</quantity>
high) (
<figureCitation id="135255BBFFB43A199492F968FDCB33E0" box="[497,585,1743,1769]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1752,1776]" captionTargetBox="[257,1329,889,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-190@2.[257,1329,889,1728]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Labidodemas rugosum (Ludwig, 1875). Live specimen photograph, MZB Hol.427 (70x15 mm in ethanol). A: dorsal; B. ventral; C: illustration of calcareous ring." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746861/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
). Cuvierian tubules present only in Hol.390, adhesive, long and thin, whitish, branched, distal part of the tube smooth, more than 10 attachment sites. Tentacle ampullae present, 
<quantity id="4C91E4DBFFB43A19919FF955FAD83204" box="[1276,1370,1778,1805]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="230" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="2.0">2–6 mm</quantity>
(1/35 to 1/27 body length). Single Polian vesicle, sac-like. Stone canal straight, present in Hol.425 (
<quantity id="4C91E4DBFFB43A1991DEF8B0FA833238" box="[1213,1281,1815,1841]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="230" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
) and Hol.427 (
<quantity id="4C91E4DBFFB43A1995C3F89CFF6A325C" box="[160,232,1851,1877]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="230" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
). Gonad only observed in Hol.425, one tuft, whitish, branched. Respiratory tree arises from single stalk. Longitudinal muscle flat, medially attached and lateral margins free. Inner body wall whitish with numerous black dots under the muscles. Intestine filled with small gravel and rough coral sand.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1619B6FFB33A1E95F4F907FCFD33D5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746865" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13746865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746865/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="231" startId="4.[151,250,1696,1720]" targetBox="[257,1329,181,1672]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD6493EFFB33A1E95F4F907FCFD33D5" blockId="4.[151,1437,1696,1756]" pageId="4" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="B91D952CFFB33A1E95F4F907FE9033B1" bold="true" box="[151,274,1696,1720]" pageId="4" pageNumber="231">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6932BDFFB33A1E947BF907FD2433B1" authority="(Ludwig, 1875)" authorityName="Kudingareng-Sulawesi" baseAuthorityName="Ludwig" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[280,678,1696,1720]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Labidodemas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="4" pageNumber="231" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rugosum">
<emphasis id="B91D952CFFB33A1E947BF907FE7D33B1" box="[280,511,1696,1720]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="231">Labidodemas rugosum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF834CFFFB33A1E9768F907FD1F33B1" author="Ludwig, H." box="[523,669,1696,1720]" pageId="4" pageNumber="231" pagination="77 - 118" refId="ref8343" refString="Ludwig, H. (1875) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Holothurien. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologisch-Zootomischen Institut in Wurzburg, 2, 77 - 118." type="journal article" year="1875">Ludwig, 1875</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. MZB Hol.427. Dorsal papillae, A: rod-like buttons; B: rods; C: buttons; D: tables. Ventral tube feet, E: tables; F: buttons; G: buttons-plate; H: plates.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD6493EFFB33A1E95A4F880FAD032FF" blockId="4.[151,1437,1831,2039]" pageId="4" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="B91D952CFFB33A1E95A4F880FEA43248" bold="true" box="[199,294,1831,1857]" pageId="4" pageNumber="231">Ossicles</emphasis>
. Dorsal body wall with tables and buttons; table discs 70–110 µm across, disc rims very spinous; margin of the disc slightly turned upward; perforated by four central holes; spire moderate to high, with four undulating pillars united by one cross beam, terminating in narrow crown consisting of a cluster of stout spines (
<figureCitation id="135255BBFFB33A1E900CF8D7FF3F32A7" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1564,1588]" captionTargetBox="[257,1329,181,1540]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[257,1329,181,1540]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Labidodemas rugosum (Ludwig, 1875). A, C, D, and E, MZB Hol.427; B, MZB Hol.390. Dorsal body wall, A: tables; B: buttons. Ventral body wall, C: tables; D: buttons. E: tentacle rods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746863/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="231">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). Buttons, 30–40 µm long, with three to four pairs of irregular holes, margin smooth but undulating (
<figureCitation id="135255BBFFB33A1E9055F833FA0C32A7" box="[1334,1422,1940,1966]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1564,1588]" captionTargetBox="[257,1329,181,1540]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[257,1329,181,1540]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Labidodemas rugosum (Ludwig, 1875). A, C, D, and E, MZB Hol.427; B, MZB Hol.390. Dorsal body wall, A: tables; B: buttons. Ventral body wall, C: tables; D: buttons. E: tentacle rods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746863/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="231">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). Ventral body wall with tables and buttons; their shape similar to those of the dorsal body wall but bigger, and buttons more numerous than in dorsal body wall. Table discs 90–120 µm, and buttons 50–70 µm long (
<figureCitation id="135255BBFFB33A1E91A3F87BFAC432FF" box="[1216,1350,2012,2038]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1564,1588]" captionTargetBox="[257,1329,181,1540]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[257,1329,181,1540]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Labidodemas rugosum (Ludwig, 1875). A, C, D, and E, MZB Hol.427; B, MZB Hol.390. Dorsal body wall, A: tables; B: buttons. Ventral body wall, C: tables; D: buttons. E: tentacle rods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746863/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="231">Figs. 3C, D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6493EFFB23A1F95A4FF30FC4434C6" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1179]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
Dorsal papillae with tables, buttons and rods; tables similar in shape to those of dorsal body wall, but generally bigger, table disc 80–130 µm across (
<figureCitation id="135255BBFFB23A1F975DFF1CFD1B35DC" box="[574,665,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1696,1720]" captionTargetBox="[257,1329,181,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[257,1329,181,1672]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Labidodemas rugosum (Ludwig, 1875). MZB Hol.427. Dorsal papillae, A: rod-like buttons; B: rods; C: buttons; D: tables. Ventral tube feet, E: tables; F: buttons; G: buttons-plate; H: plates." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746865/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
). Buttons in several shapes; rods-like buttons, 80–110 µm long (
<figureCitation id="135255BBFFB23A1F900CFF1CFF3F35F0" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1696,1720]" captionTargetBox="[257,1329,181,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[257,1329,181,1672]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Labidodemas rugosum (Ludwig, 1875). MZB Hol.427. Dorsal papillae, A: rod-like buttons; B: rods; C: buttons; D: tables. Ventral tube feet, E: tables; F: buttons; G: buttons-plate; H: plates." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746865/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
); buttons with four to five pairs of irregular holes, smooth rim but undulating, 50–80 µm long; buttons with rim rather spinous but blunt spines, only a few, 60–70 µm long (
<figureCitation id="135255BBFFB23A1F9619FEA4FC573414" box="[890,981,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1696,1720]" captionTargetBox="[257,1329,181,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[257,1329,181,1672]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Labidodemas rugosum (Ludwig, 1875). MZB Hol.427. Dorsal papillae, A: rod-like buttons; B: rods; C: buttons; D: tables. Ventral tube feet, E: tables; F: buttons; G: buttons-plate; H: plates." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746865/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
). Rods scarce, with several blunt spines and the extremities with or without perforation, 80–110 µm long (
<figureCitation id="135255BBFFB23A1F96E5FE81FC623449" box="[902,992,294,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1696,1720]" captionTargetBox="[257,1329,181,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[257,1329,181,1672]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Labidodemas rugosum (Ludwig, 1875). MZB Hol.427. Dorsal papillae, A: rod-like buttons; B: rods; C: buttons; D: tables. Ventral tube feet, E: tables; F: buttons; G: buttons-plate; H: plates." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746865/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
). Ventral tube feet with tables, buttons, and perforated plates and endplates. Tables and buttons shape similar to those in the ventral body wall, table discs 60–90 µm across and button 60–90 µm long (
<figureCitation id="135255BBFFB23A1F97FDFEC9FCA23481" box="[670,800,366,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1696,1720]" captionTargetBox="[257,1329,181,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[257,1329,181,1672]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Labidodemas rugosum (Ludwig, 1875). MZB Hol.427. Dorsal papillae, A: rod-like buttons; B: rods; C: buttons; D: tables. Ventral tube feet, E: tables; F: buttons; G: buttons-plate; H: plates." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746865/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Figs. 4E, F</figureCitation>
). Perforated plates many, 60–100 µm across, undulating or spinous edges (
<figureCitation id="135255BBFFB23A1F9408FE36FE4B34A5" box="[363,457,401,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1696,1720]" captionTargetBox="[257,1329,181,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[257,1329,181,1672]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Labidodemas rugosum (Ludwig, 1875). MZB Hol.427. Dorsal papillae, A: rod-like buttons; B: rods; C: buttons; D: tables. Ventral tube feet, E: tables; F: buttons; G: buttons-plate; H: plates." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746865/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
). Endplates, 240–300 µm across (
<figureCitation id="135255BBFFB23A1F9630FE36FC3334A5" box="[851,945,401,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1696,1720]" captionTargetBox="[257,1329,181,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[257,1329,181,1672]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Labidodemas rugosum (Ludwig, 1875). MZB Hol.427. Dorsal papillae, A: rod-like buttons; B: rods; C: buttons; D: tables. Ventral tube feet, E: tables; F: buttons; G: buttons-plate; H: plates." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746865/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
). Tentacles with rods, mostly with smooth surfaces, straight or curved shapes, rarely with coarser surfaces (
<figureCitation id="135255BBFFB23A1F9609FE12FC3C34C6" box="[874,958,437,463]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1564,1588]" captionTargetBox="[257,1329,181,1540]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[257,1329,181,1540]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Labidodemas rugosum (Ludwig, 1875). A, C, D, and E, MZB Hol.427; B, MZB Hol.390. Dorsal body wall, A: tables; B: buttons. Ventral body wall, C: tables; D: buttons. E: tentacle rods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13746863/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3731AB5FFB23A1F95A4FE7EFD7B36A9" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD6493EFFB23A1F95A4FE7EFE55378B" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1179]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B91D952CFFB23A1F95A4FE7EFEB634FA" bold="true" box="[199,308,473,499]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Remarks</emphasis>
. The body colour of the current materials is uniformly white, as described by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF834CFFFB23A1F91D3FE7EFA1A34FA" author="Massin, C. &amp; Samyn, Y. &amp; Thandar, A. S." box="[1200,1432,473,500]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" pagination="1811 - 1847" refId="ref8451" refString="Massin, C., Samyn, Y. &amp; Thandar, A. S. (2004) The genus Labidodemas (Holothuroidea: Aspidochirotida) revisited, with description of three new species and with re-positioning of Holothuria (Irenothuria) maccullochi Deichmann, 1958. Journal of Natural History, 38, 1811 - 1847. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293031000156268" type="journal article" year="2004">
Massin 
<emphasis id="B91D952CFFB23A1F906AFE7DFAB934FA" box="[1289,1339,473,499]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">et al</emphasis>
. (2004)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF834CFFFB23A1F95F4FE5AFEBE371E" author="Massin, C." box="[151,316,509,535]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" refId="ref8410" refString="Massin, C. (1999) Reef-dwelling Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) of the Spermonde Archipelago (South-West Sulawesi, Indonesia). Zoologische verhandelingen. Vol. 329. National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, 144 pp." type="book" year="1999">Massin (1999)</bibRefCitation>
, and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF834CFFFB23A1F9414FE5AFDA7371E" author="Pearson, J." box="[375,549,509,535]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" pagination="49 - 101" refId="ref8553" refString="Pearson, J. (1913) Notes on the Holothurioidea of the Indian Ocean. Spolia Zeylandica, 9, 49 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 7317" type="journal article" year="1913">Pearson (1913)</bibRefCitation>
; not translucent pink, as described by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF834CFFFB23A1F96ACFE5AFBEA371E" author="James, D. B." box="[975,1128,509,535]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" pagination="82 - 85" refId="ref8077" refString="James, D. B. (1981) Studies on Indian Echinoderms 7. On a new Family Labidodematidae (Holothurioidea: Aspidochirotida) with a detailed description of Labidodemas rugosum (Ludwig) from the Andamans. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 23, 82 - 85." type="journal article" year="1981">James (1981)</bibRefCitation>
. Specimens from this study found 18–20 tentacles, contrary to the previously observed 20 (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF834CFFFB23A1F9613FD87FBD13732" author="Massin, C. &amp; Samyn, Y. &amp; Thandar, A. S." box="[880,1107,544,571]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" pagination="1811 - 1847" refId="ref8451" refString="Massin, C., Samyn, Y. &amp; Thandar, A. S. (2004) The genus Labidodemas (Holothuroidea: Aspidochirotida) revisited, with description of three new species and with re-positioning of Holothuria (Irenothuria) maccullochi Deichmann, 1958. Journal of Natural History, 38, 1811 - 1847. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293031000156268" type="journal article" year="2004">
Massin 
<emphasis id="B91D952CFFB23A1F96AFFD86FB823733" box="[972,1024,544,570]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">et al</emphasis>
., 2004
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF834CFFFB23A1F9103FD87FB7F3732" author="Massin, C." box="[1120,1277,544,571]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" refId="ref8410" refString="Massin, C. (1999) Reef-dwelling Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) of the Spermonde Archipelago (South-West Sulawesi, Indonesia). Zoologische verhandelingen. Vol. 329. National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, 144 pp." type="book" year="1999">Massin, 1999</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF834CFFFB23A1F9068FD86FA153733" author="Rowe, F. W. E." box="[1291,1431,544,571]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" pagination="117 - 170" refId="ref8722" refString="Rowe, F. W. E. (1969) A Review of The Family Holothuriidae. (Holothurioidea: Aspidochirotida). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 18, 117 - 170. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 18419" type="journal article" year="1969">Rowe, 1969</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF834CFFFB23A1F95F4FDE3FEEE3757" author="Cherbonnier, G." box="[151,364,580,606]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" pagination="1 - 292" refId="ref7768" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1988) Echinodermes: Holothurides. Faune de Madagascar, 70, 1 - 292." type="journal article" year="1988">Cherbonnier, 1988</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF834CFFFB23A1F941AFDE3FD993756" author="Ludwig, H." box="[377,539,580,607]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" pagination="77 - 118" refId="ref8343" refString="Ludwig, H. (1875) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Holothurien. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologisch-Zootomischen Institut in Wurzburg, 2, 77 - 118." type="journal article" year="1875">Ludwig, 1875</bibRefCitation>
). Cuvierian tubules are absent according to 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF834CFFFB23A1F916DFDE3FB773757" author="Massin, C. &amp; Samyn, Y. &amp; Thandar, A. S." box="[1038,1269,580,607]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" pagination="1811 - 1847" refId="ref8451" refString="Massin, C., Samyn, Y. &amp; Thandar, A. S. (2004) The genus Labidodemas (Holothuroidea: Aspidochirotida) revisited, with description of three new species and with re-positioning of Holothuria (Irenothuria) maccullochi Deichmann, 1958. Journal of Natural History, 38, 1811 - 1847. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293031000156268" type="journal article" year="2004">
Massin 
<emphasis id="B91D952CFFB23A1F9104FDE2FB1B3757" box="[1127,1177,580,606]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">et al</emphasis>
. (2004)
</bibRefCitation>
, but present in the specimen MZB Hol.390.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6493EFFB23A1F95A4FD2BFD7B36A9" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1179]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
The current material ossicles differ from previous author descriptions in some ways. Tentacle rods are short (40–75 µm); many large table discs up to 100 µm, with four central holes and one ring of 8–12 peripheral holes, but occasionally with two rings of peripheral holes up to 14 holes in total, with the outer ring’s holes being smaller than the inner. The rim of the table disc is spinous, and the spines are longer and much more pointed than in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF834CFFFB23A1F9028FD50FEA1363C" author="Massin, C. &amp; Samyn, Y. &amp; Thandar, A. S." pageId="5" pageNumber="232" pagination="1811 - 1847" refId="ref8451" refString="Massin, C., Samyn, Y. &amp; Thandar, A. S. (2004) The genus Labidodemas (Holothuroidea: Aspidochirotida) revisited, with description of three new species and with re-positioning of Holothuria (Irenothuria) maccullochi Deichmann, 1958. Journal of Natural History, 38, 1811 - 1847. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293031000156268" type="journal article" year="2004">
Massin 
<emphasis id="B91D952CFFB23A1F95F4FCBCFF4A363C" box="[151,200,795,821]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">et al</emphasis>
. (2004)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF834CFFFB23A1F944DFCBCFE50363C" author="Massin, C." box="[302,466,795,821]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" refId="ref8410" refString="Massin, C. (1999) Reef-dwelling Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) of the Spermonde Archipelago (South-West Sulawesi, Indonesia). Zoologische verhandelingen. Vol. 329. National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, 144 pp." type="book" year="1999">Massin (1999)</bibRefCitation>
, and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF834CFFFB23A1F976EFCBCFD24363C" author="James, D. B." box="[525,678,795,821]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" pagination="82 - 85" refId="ref8077" refString="James, D. B. (1981) Studies on Indian Echinoderms 7. On a new Family Labidodematidae (Holothurioidea: Aspidochirotida) with a detailed description of Labidodemas rugosum (Ludwig) from the Andamans. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 23, 82 - 85." type="journal article" year="1981">James (1981)</bibRefCitation>
, but it is similar to 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF834CFFFB23A1F961FFCBCFBA8363C" author="Pearson, J." box="[892,1066,795,821]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" pagination="49 - 101" refId="ref8553" refString="Pearson, J. (1913) Notes on the Holothurioidea of the Indian Ocean. Spolia Zeylandica, 9, 49 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 7317" type="journal article" year="1913">Pearson (1913)</bibRefCitation>
. Table crowns never have central perforation, whereas 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF834CFFFB23A1F94E5FC99FDEE3651" author="Massin, C. &amp; Samyn, Y. &amp; Thandar, A. S." box="[390,620,830,857]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" pagination="1811 - 1847" refId="ref8451" refString="Massin, C., Samyn, Y. &amp; Thandar, A. S. (2004) The genus Labidodemas (Holothuroidea: Aspidochirotida) revisited, with description of three new species and with re-positioning of Holothuria (Irenothuria) maccullochi Deichmann, 1958. Journal of Natural History, 38, 1811 - 1847. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293031000156268" type="journal article" year="2004">
Massin 
<emphasis id="B91D952CFFB23A1F94BCFC98FD903651" box="[479,530,830,856]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">et al</emphasis>
. (2004)
</bibRefCitation>
usually have a small central perforation. MZB Hol.427 lacks body wall buttons but is present in MZB Hol.390 and MZB Hol.425 with undulating margins. Rods in dorsal papillae of present materials have never been documented before.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3731AB5FFB23A1F95A4FC0DFD6C3192" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BD6493EFFB23A1F95A4FC0DFCEB3102" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1179]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B91D952CFFB23A1F95A4FC0DFEA436CD" bold="true" box="[199,294,938,964]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Ecology</emphasis>
. Found in shallow waters, always less than 
<quantity id="4C91E4DBFFB23A1F966CFC0DFCCA36CD" box="[783,840,938,964]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
deep (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF834CFFFB23A1F96F1FC0DFBCF36CD" author="Lane, D. J. W. &amp; Marsh, L. M. &amp; VandenSpiegel, D. &amp; Rowe, F. W. E." box="[914,1101,937,964]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" pagination="459 - 493" refId="ref8229" refString="Lane, D. J. W., Marsh, L. M., VandenSpiegel, D. &amp; Rowe, F. W. E. (2000) Echinoderm Fauna of the South China Sea: an Inventory and Analysis of Distribution Patterns. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 48, 459 - 493." type="journal article" year="2000">
Lane 
<emphasis id="B91D952CFFB23A1F96B1FC0DFB8136CA" box="[978,1027,937,963]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">et al</emphasis>
. 2000
</bibRefCitation>
), but specimens from 
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, 
<collectingRegion id="49AD87DCFFB23A1F95F4FC6AFF6C36EE" box="[151,238,973,999]" country="Indonesia" name="Maluku Utara" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Maluku</collectingRegion>
were found at 
<quantity id="4C91E4DBFFB23A1F94C3FC6AFE5E36E1" box="[416,476,973,1000]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
depth (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF834CFFFB23A1F9757FC6AFC9F36EE" author="Jangoux, M. &amp; De Ridder, C. &amp; Massin, C. &amp; Darsono, P." box="[564,797,973,1000]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" pagination="161 - 170" refId="ref8131" refString="Jangoux, M., De Ridder, C., Massin, C. &amp; Darsono, P. (1989) The holothuroids, echinoids and asteroids (echinodermata) collected by the Snellius-II expedition. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research, 23, 161 - 170. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0077 - 7579 (89) 90010 - 0" type="journal article" year="1989">
Jangoux 
<emphasis id="B91D952CFFB23A1F97FEFC69FD5336EE" box="[669,721,973,999]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">et al</emphasis>
. 1989
</bibRefCitation>
), detritus/deposit feeder, under coral rocks. Intestine all specimens of this study filled with coarse sand and small gravel.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6493EFFB23A1F95A4FBB2FE443126" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1179]" box="[199,454,1045,1071]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B91D952CFFB23A1F95A4FBB2FED93126" bold="true" box="[199,347,1045,1071]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Depth range</emphasis>
. 
<quantity id="4C91E4DBFFB23A1F9409FBB2FE403126" box="[362,450,1045,1071]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" unit="m" value="15.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="1.0">1–30 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6493EFFB23A1F95A4FB9FFD6C3192" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1179]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B91D952CFFB23A1F95A4FB9FFE68315B" bold="true" box="[199,490,1080,1106]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Geographic distribution</emphasis>
. The following new localities are added here since 
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Massin 
<emphasis id="B91D952CFFB23A1F91F2FB9DFB46315A" box="[1169,1220,1081,1107]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">et al</emphasis>
. (2004: 1831
</bibRefCitation>
, map 5) publication: West Lombok Island, 
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(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF834CFFFB23A1F97DFFBFAFC64317E" author="Purwati, P. &amp; Wirawati, I." box="[700,998,1117,1143]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref8592" refString="Purwati, P. &amp; Wirawati, I. (2011) Holothuriidae (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea, Aspidochirotida) Perairan Dangkal Lombok Barat Bagian II. Genus Actinopyga, Bohadschia, Pearsonothuria, Labidodemas. Jurnal Oseanologi, 3 (1 / 2), 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2011">Purwati &amp; Wirawati 2011</bibRefCitation>
), Baluran National Park-East 
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and Lampung-South 
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, 
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(present study).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>