<documentid="BFEA20BD9579CADA487902C20107E8B9"ID-DOI="10.12651/JSR.2021.10.3.301"ID-ISSN="2713-8615"ID-Zenodo-Dep="13139003"IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe"IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe"IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe"checkinTime="1722384532145"checkinUser="felipe"docAuthor="Jung, Atef Omar and Jae-Ho"docDate="2021"docId="D64F9C649004FFE0226DFCD1A615FB34"docLanguage="en"docName="JSpeciesRes.10.3.301-320.pdf"docOrigin="Journal of Species Research 10 (3)"docStyle="DocumentStyle:4D398BFF45FF8CA9E08F546BB06AE372.2:JSpeciesRes.2012-.journal_article"docStyleId="4D398BFF45FF8CA9E08F546BB06AE372"docStyleName="JSpeciesRes.2012-.journal_article"docStyleVersion="2"docTitle="Frontonia atra Butschli 1889"docType="treatment"docVersion="2"lastPageNumber="316"masterDocId="2A76E41C900AFFEF212AFF8EA743FFE4"masterDocTitle="New record of 21 ciliate species (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from South Korea"masterLastPageNumber="320"masterPageNumber="301"pageNumber="315"updateTime="1722385000074"updateUser="ExternalLinkService"zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<figureCitationid="C6DD31F79004FFE1225DFCF1A485FC73"box="[887,966,895,919]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="14.[174,206,717,739]"captionTargetBox="[215,1411,260,685]"captionTargetId="figure-572@14.[214,1419,259,688]"captionTargetPageId="14"captionText="Fig. 18. Photomicrographs of Frontonia atra from life (A, B), after protargol impregnation (C), and silver carbonate impregnation (D). A, B. Ventral (A) and lateral (B) view showing the body shape, the location of nuclear apparatus. Note the tapered posterior end. C, D. Ventral (C) and ventrolateral(D) view showing the location of the oral apparatus and ciliature. MA, macronucleus; OO, oral opening. Scale bars=50 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13139043"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13139043/files/figure.png"pageId="14"pageNumber="315">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
about 150 × 95 μm (n = 5); body ovate to teardrop-shaped, broadly rounded anteriorly and pointed posterior; cytoplasm full of dark pigments possibly depending on food inside food vacuoles; a single contractile vacuole posterior to mid-body; extrusomes numerous and about 10 μm long
, stain darkly after protargol impregnation; macronucleus globular to ellipsoidal near body center; oral apparatus in anterior half of body composed of undulating membrane on right side of oral apparatus and 3 very close peniculae with 5, 4, 4 ciliary rows at left side, a suture extends from oral opening to posterior body end; about 90 ciliary rows.
<bibRefCitationid="3A7750839004FFE12250F9EBA354F99A"author="Foissner, W."box="[890,1047,1637,1662]"pageId="14"pageNumber="315"pagination="217 - 268"refId="ref10778"refString="Foissner, W. 1987. Neue terrestrische und limnische Ciliaten (Protozoa, Ciliophora) aus Osterreich und Deutschland. Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien 195: 217 - 268."type="journal article"year="1987">Foissner, 1987</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. However, it differs from both species in having larger body size (150 × 95 μm vs. 115 × 75 and 82 × 43 μm) and a higher number of somatic kineties (~90 vs. 55-60 and ~68) (
<bibRefCitationid="3A7750839004FFE1251AF948A3F2F93A"author="Kahl, A."box="[1072,1201,1734,1758]"pageId="14"pageNumber="315"pagination="399 - 650"refId="ref11713"refString="Kahl, A. 1932. Urtiere oder Protozoa I: Wimpertiere oder Ciliata (Infusoria) 3. Spirotricha. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands und der angrenzenden Meeresteile. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, T. 25: 399 - 650."type="book chapter"year="1932">Kahl, 1932</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitationid="3A7750839004FFE12595F949A43DF91B"author="Dragesco, J. & T. Njine"pageId="14"pageNumber="315"pagination="97 - 140"refId="ref10493"refString="Dragesco, J. and T. Njine. 1971. Complements a la connaissance des cilies libres du Cameroun. Annales de la Faculte des Sciences du Cameroun 7 - 8: 97 - 140."type="book chapter"year="1971">Dragesco and Njine, 1971</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitationid="3A7750839004FFE122A0F969A266F91A"author="Dragesco, J. & A. Dragesco-Kerneis"box="[906,1317,1766,1791]"pageId="14"pageNumber="315"pagination="1 - 559"refId="ref10419"refString="Dragesco, J. and A. Dragesco-Kerneis. 1986. Cilies libres de l'Afrique intertropicale. Introduction a la connaissance et a l'etude des cilies. Faune tropicale 26: 1 - 559."type="journal article"year="1986">Dragesco and Dragesco-Kernéis, 1986</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitationid="3A7750839004FFE1241BF969A4EBF8FB"author="Foissner, W. & H. Berger & F. Kohmann"pageId="14"pageNumber="315"pagination="1 - 548"refId="ref11096"refString="Foissner, W., H. Berger and F. Kohmann. 1994. Taxonomische und okologische revision der Ciliaten des saprobiensystems. Band III: Hymenostomata, Prostomatida, Nassulida. Informationssberichte des Bayerischen Landesamtes fur Wasserwirtschaft 1 / 94: 1 - 548."type="journal article"year="1994">
<bibRefCitationid="3A7750839004FFE122B8F8A9A35CF8DB"author="Penard, E."box="[914,1055,1831,1855]"pageId="14"pageNumber="315"refId="ref12381"refString="Penard, E. 1922. Etudes sur les Infusoires d, Eau Douce. Georg & Cie, Geneve: 331 pp."type="book"year="1922">Penard, 1922</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="3A7750839004FFE1259FF8E6A203F864"author="Reuter, J."box="[1205,1344,1896,1920]"pageId="14"pageNumber="315"pagination="1 - 42"refId="ref12405"refString="Reuter, J. 1961. Einige faunistische und okologische Beo- bachtungen uber Felsentumpel-Ziliaten. Acta Zoologica Fennica 99: 1 - 42."type="journal article"year="1961">Reuter, 1961</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitationid="3A7750839004FFE12461F8E6A483F844"author="Foissner, W. & H. Berger & F. Kohmann"pageId="14"pageNumber="315"pagination="1 - 548"refId="ref11096"refString="Foissner, W., H. Berger and F. Kohmann. 1994. Taxonomische und okologische revision der Ciliaten des saprobiensystems. Band III: Hymenostomata, Prostomatida, Nassulida. Informationssberichte des Bayerischen Landesamtes fur Wasserwirtschaft 1 / 94: 1 - 548."type="journal article"year="1994">
<collectingCountryid="26F16DE29005FFE0254CFEC8A3DDFEBA"box="[1126,1182,326,350]"name="United States of America"pageId="15"pageNumber="316">USA</collectingCountry>
is well-known species recently redescribed in a comprehensive study by
<bibRefCitationid="3A7750839005FFE02266FE28A372FE5A"author="Foissner, W. & Y. Kusuoka & S. Shimano"box="[844,1073,422,446]"pageId="15"pageNumber="316"pagination="193 - 204"refId="ref11232"refString="Foissner, W., Y. Kusuoka and S. Shimano. 2009. Morphological and molecular characterization of Histiobalantium natans viridis Kahl, 1931 (Ciliophora, Scuticociliatia). European Journal of Protistology 45: 193 - 204."type="journal article"year="2009">
matches very well the Japanese population in most features. On the other hand, the European population described by
<bibRefCitationid="3A7750839005FFE0246DFD86A359FDA4"author="Dragesco, J. & F. Iftode"pageId="15"pageNumber="316"pagination="347 - 352"refId="ref10454"refString="Dragesco, J. and F. Iftode. 1972. Histiobalantium natans (Clap. & Lachm., 1858) morphologie, infraciliature, morphogenese (Holotriche Hymenostomatida). Protistologica 8: 347 - 352."type="journal article"year="1972">Dragesco and Iftode (1972)</bibRefCitation>
differs from both the Korean and Japanese (Asian) populations in the structure of membranelles 1 (2 rows of basal bodies vs. 3 rows and with triangular segment anteriorly) (
<bibRefCitationid="3A7750839005FFE025BBFD06A421FD25"author="Dragesco, J. & F. Iftode"pageId="15"pageNumber="316"pagination="347 - 352"refId="ref10454"refString="Dragesco, J. and F. Iftode. 1972. Histiobalantium natans (Clap. & Lachm., 1858) morphologie, infraciliature, morphogenese (Holotriche Hymenostomatida). Protistologica 8: 347 - 352."type="journal article"year="1972">Dragesco and Iftode, 1972</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitationid="3A7750839005FFE02246FD26A309FD25"author="Foissner, W. & Y. Kusuoka & S. Shimano"box="[876,1098,680,705]"pageId="15"pageNumber="316"pagination="193 - 204"refId="ref11232"refString="Foissner, W., Y. Kusuoka and S. Shimano. 2009. Morphological and molecular characterization of Histiobalantium natans viridis Kahl, 1931 (Ciliophora, Scuticociliatia). European Journal of Protistology 45: 193 - 204."type="journal article"year="2009">
after protargol impregnation, left side showing body outline, ciliature, nuclear apparatus, and oral apparatus. M1-3, adoral membranelles; MA, macronuclei; MI, micronucleus; PM, paroral membrane. Scale bar = 20 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraphid="5E592D729005FFE021BAFBF9A615FB34"blockId="15.[144,749,1143,1232]"pageId="15"pageNumber="316">specimens were deposited at the Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources (NNIBRPR20135, NNIBRPR20136).</paragraph>
