<documentid="6FAF94DFE300E516D0CE11C0688F0C0A"ID-CLB-Dataset="4802"ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.567.1.1"ID-GBIF-Dataset="173cf168-6357-4b76-955f-7b523590ff1d"ID-ISSN="11755334"ID-Zenodo-Dep="5259734"IM.bibliography_approvedBy="tatiana"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="tatiana"IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="tatiana"IM.treatments_approvedBy="tatiana"checkinTime="1624554202448"checkinUser="felipe"docAuthor="Zeidler, Wolfgang"docDate="2004"docId="03931615EC6AFFEAFEDFFC8CFAB8F957"docLanguage="en"docName="zt00567.pdf"docOrigin="Zootaxa 567"docStyle="DocumentStyle:8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429.6:Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph"docStyleId="8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429"docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph"docStyleVersion="6"docTitle="Themisto Guerin 1825"docType="treatment"docVersion="1"lastPageNumber="28"masterDocId="FFAA6E6DEC70FFF1FFD7FFF8FF92FFAE"masterDocTitle="A review of the families and genera of the hyperiidean amphipod superfamily Phronimoidea Bowman & Gruner, 1973 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea)"masterLastPageNumber="66"masterPageNumber="1"pageNumber="27"updateTime="1726668583562"updateUser="tatiana"zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:titleid="9382905B07C7848D98CFE32F9B2536DF">A review of the families and genera of the hyperiidean amphipod superfamily Phronimoidea Bowman & Gruner, 1973 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea)</mods:title>
<bibRefCitationid="EFABDAF2EC6AFFEBFE00FC8CFDE1FC20"author="Guerin, F. E."box="[471,627,884,910]"pageId="26"pageNumber="27"refId="ref26438"refString="Guerin, F. E. (1825) Encyclopedie Methodique Histoire Naturelle. Entomologie, ou histoire naturelle des Crustaces, des Arachnides et des Insectes par M. Latreille. Tome 10. Paris."type="book"year="1825">Guérin 1825</bibRefCitation>
The uncertainty of the generic status combined with several illdefined species, subspecies and varieties has made specific determination very difficult, despite the efforts of
<bibRefCitationid="EFABDAF2EC6AFFEBFEDFFB07FE5CFAB7"author="Bowman, T. E."box="[264,462,1279,1305]"pageId="26"pageNumber="27"pagination="343 - 392"refId="ref24304"refString="Bowman, T. E. (1960) The pelagic amphipod genus Parathemisto (Hyperiidea: Hyperiidae) in the North Pacific and adjacent Arctic Ocean. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 112, 343 - 392."type="journal article"year="1960">Bowman (1960)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitationid="EFABDAF2EC6AFFEBFE08FB07FC8DFAB7"author="Sheader, M. & Evans, F."box="[479,799,1279,1305]"pageId="26"pageNumber="27"pagination="915 - 924"refId="ref29559"refString="Sheader, M. & Evans, F. (1974) The taxonomic relationship of Parathemisto gaudichaudi (Guerin) and P. gracilipes (Norman), with a key to the genus Parathemisto. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 54, 915 - 924."type="journal article"year="1974">Sheader and Evans (1974)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitationid="EFABDAF2EC6AFFEBFCB6FB07FEC8FAEF"author="Schneppenheim, R. & Weigmann-Haass, R."pageId="26"pageNumber="27"pagination="215 - 225"refId="ref29102"refString="Schneppenheim, R. & Weigmann-Haass, R. (1986) Morphological and electrophoretic studies of the genus Themisto (Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) from the south and north Atlantic. Polar Biology, 6, 215 - 225."type="journal article"year="1986">Schneppenheim and WeigmannHaass (1986)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitationid="EFABDAF2EC6AFFEBFEA4FADFFD0DFAEF"author="Vinogradov, M. E. & Volkov, A. F. & Semenova, T. N."box="[371,671,1319,1345]"pageId="26"pageNumber="27"refId="ref31017"refString="Vinogradov, M. E., Volkov, A. F. & Semenova, T. N. (1982) Amfipody-Giperiidy (Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) Mrovogo Okeanea. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR No. 132. Leningrad, 492 pp. [In Russian]. (English translation, 1996, Smithsonian Institution Libraries, Washington D. C., D. Siegel-Causey, Scientific Editor)."type="book"year="1982">
<bibRefCitationid="EFABDAF2EC6AFFEBFC3EFADFFE7CFAC7"author="Schneppenheim, R. & Weigmann-Haass, R."pageId="26"pageNumber="27"pagination="215 - 225"refId="ref29102"refString="Schneppenheim, R. & Weigmann-Haass, R. (1986) Morphological and electrophoretic studies of the genus Themisto (Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) from the south and north Atlantic. Polar Biology, 6, 215 - 225."type="journal article"year="1986">Schneppenheim and WeigmannHaass (1986)</bibRefCitation>
demonstrated that northern hemisphere material, previously identified with
<bibRefCitationid="EFABDAF2EC6AFFEBFDDAFA8FFD3FFA3F"author="Guerin, F. E."box="[525,685,1399,1425]"pageId="26"pageNumber="27"refId="ref26438"refString="Guerin, F. E. (1825) Encyclopedie Methodique Histoire Naturelle. Entomologie, ou histoire naturelle des Crustaces, des Arachnides et des Insectes par M. Latreille. Tome 10. Paris."type="book"year="1825">Guérin, 1825</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EFABDAF2EC6AFFEBFBBBFA8FFB6BFA3F"author="Goes, A. T."box="[1132,1273,1399,1425]"pageId="26"pageNumber="27"pagination="517 - 536"refId="ref26329"refString="Goes, A. T. (1865) Crustacea amphipoda maris Spetsbergiam alluentis cum speciebus aliis arcticis enumerat. Ofversigt af Kongelige Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar 1865, 8, 517 - 536, pls 36 - 41. (Reprint, pp. 1 - 20)."type="journal article"year="1865">Goës, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. In view of the past confusion, and recent studies by
<bibRefCitationid="EFABDAF2EC6AFFEBFCB4FA67FECBFA4F"author="Schneppenheim, R. & Weigmann-Haass, R."pageId="26"pageNumber="27"pagination="215 - 225"refId="ref29102"refString="Schneppenheim, R. & Weigmann-Haass, R. (1986) Morphological and electrophoretic studies of the genus Themisto (Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) from the south and north Atlantic. Polar Biology, 6, 215 - 225."type="journal article"year="1986">Schneppenheim and WeigmannHaass (1986)</bibRefCitation>
, a new key to species is provided to assist future workers.
was discovered recently in the GuérinMéneville collection (No. 438), in the ANSP (
<bibRefCitationid="EFABDAF2EC6AFFEBFD70F9EFFCDBF99F"author="Zeidler, W."box="[679,841,1559,1585]"pageId="26"pageNumber="27"pagination="121 - 146"refId="ref31784"refString="Zeidler, W. (1997) The hyperiid amphipod specimens in the Guerin-Meneville collection surviving in the collections of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 148, 121 - 146."type="journal article"year="1997">Zeidler 1997</bibRefCitation>
). The correct citation for the original description of this species has been confused in the past with some authors citing
<bibRefCitationid="EFABDAF2EC6AFFEBFB05F9C7FED0F92F"author="Guerin, F. E."pageId="26"pageNumber="27"pagination="379 - 386"refId="ref26475"refString="Guerin, F. E. (1828) Memoire sur le nouveau genre Themisto, de la classe des Crustaces. Memoires de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, 4, 379 - 386, pl. 23."type="journal article"year="1828">Guérin, 1828</bibRefCitation>
(eg.
<bibRefCitationid="EFABDAF2EC6AFFEBFEA9F99FFCE6F92F"author="Schneppenheim, R. & Weigmann-Haass, R."box="[382,884,1639,1665]"pageId="26"pageNumber="27"pagination="215 - 225"refId="ref29102"refString="Schneppenheim, R. & Weigmann-Haass, R. (1986) Morphological and electrophoretic studies of the genus Themisto (Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) from the south and north Atlantic. Polar Biology, 6, 215 - 225."type="journal article"year="1986">Schneppenheim & WeigmannHaass 1986</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitationid="EFABDAF2EC6AFFEBFC57F99FFB03F92F"author="Spamer, E. E. & Bogan, A. E."box="[896,1169,1639,1665]"pageId="26"pageNumber="27"pagination="1 - 305"refId="ref29936"refString="Spamer, E. E. & Bogan, A. E. (1992) General Invertebrates Collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Tryonia, 26, 1 - 305."type="journal article"year="1992">Spamer & Bogan 1992</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitationid="EFABDAF2EC6AFFEBFB49F99FFB4FF92F"author="Spamer, E. E. & Bogan, A. E."box="[1182,1245,1639,1665]"pageId="26"pageNumber="27"pagination="35 - 46"refId="ref29972"refString="Spamer, E. E. & Bogan, A. E. (1994) Type specimens of Crustacea surviving in the Guerin-Meneville collection, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 145, 35 - 46."type="journal article"year="1994">1994</bibRefCitation>
). This has arisen because, although the genus and species was first described in 1825,
<bibRefCitationid="EFABDAF2EC6AFFEBFB0EF977FEC4F97F"author="Guerin, F. E."pageId="26"pageNumber="27"pagination="379 - 386"refId="ref26475"refString="Guerin, F. E. (1828) Memoire sur le nouveau genre Themisto, de la classe des Crustaces. Memoires de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, 4, 379 - 386, pl. 23."type="journal article"year="1828">Guérin (1828)</bibRefCitation>
more or less repeated his description in a separate memoir introducing them as new, and providing figures of the type.
are mainly freeswimming, and can occur in large numbers, particularly in colder waters where, like krill, they play a significant role as food for planktonfeeding predators. Although considered mainly freeliving, species of
are known to be associated with medusae and salps (
<bibRefCitationid="EFABDAF2EC6BFFEAFC8FFEE4FB16FE98"author="Harbison, G. R. & Biggs, D. C. & Madin, L. P."box="[856,1156,284,310]"pageId="27"pageNumber="28"pagination="465 - 488"refId="ref26746"refString="Harbison, G. R., Biggs, D. C. & Madin, L. P. (1977) The associations of Amphipoda Hyperiidea with gelatinous zooplankton - II. Associations with Cnidaria, Ctenophora and Radiolaria. Deep-Sea Research, 24, 465 - 488."type="journal article"year="1977">Madin & Harbison 1977</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitationid="EFABDAF2EC6BFFEAFB45FEE4FA8FFE98"author="Laval, P."box="[1170,1309,284,310]"pageId="27"pageNumber="28"pagination="11 - 56"refId="ref27842"refString="Laval, P. (1980) Hyperiid amphipods as crustacean parasitoids associated with gelatinous plankton. Oceanography and Marine Biology, Annual Review, 18, 11 - 56."type="journal article"year="1980">Laval 1980</bibRefCitation>
from Tasmanian waters. Additional biological and ecological information is given by the following;
<bibRefCitationid="EFABDAF2EC6BFFEAFB25FE94FECBFE00"author="Bary, B. M."pageId="27"pageNumber="28"pagination="317 - 334"refId="ref24077"refString="Bary, B. M. (1959) Ecology and distribution of some pelagic Hyperiidea (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from New Zealand waters. Pacific Science, 13, 317 - 334."type="journal article"year="1959">Bary (1959)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitationid="EFABDAF2EC6BFFEAFEBDFE6CFD97FE00"author="Kane, J. E."box="[362,517,404,430]"pageId="27"pageNumber="28"pagination="35 - 45"refId="ref27107"refString="Kane, J. E. (1963) Stages in the early development of Parathemisto gaudichaudii (Guer.) (Crustacea Amphipoda: Hyperiidea), the development of secondary sexual characters and of the ovary. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 3 (5), 35 - 45."type="journal article"year="1963">Kane (1963)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitationid="EFABDAF2EC6BFFEAFDC1FE6CFD4DFE00"author="Siegfried, W. R."box="[534,735,404,430]"pageId="27"pageNumber="28"pagination="339 - 352"refId="ref29898"refString="Siegfried, W. R. (1965) Observations on the amphipod Parathemisto gaudichaudi (Guerin) off the west coast of South Africa. Zoologica Africana, 1 (1), 339 - 352."type="journal article"year="1965">Siegfried (1965)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitationid="EFABDAF2EC6BFFEAFD27FE6CFC1AFE00"author="Gray, J. S."box="[752,904,404,430]"pageId="27"pageNumber="28"pagination="100"refId="ref26377"refString="Gray, J. S. (1967) Swarming of hyperiid amphipods. Nature, 215, 100."type="journal article"year="1967">Gray (1967)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitationid="EFABDAF2EC6BFFEAFC4DFE6CFBADFE00"author="Evans, F."box="[922,1087,404,430]"pageId="27"pageNumber="28"pagination="105 - 106"refId="ref25877"refString="Evans, F. (1968) The subgenera Parathemisto and Euthemisto of the genus Parathemisto (Amphipoda: Hyperiidea). Crustaceana, 14 (1), 105 - 106."type="journal article"year="1968">Evans (1968)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitationid="EFABDAF2EC6BFFEAFB87FE6CFABAFE00"author="Semenova, T. N."box="[1104,1320,404,430]"pageId="27"pageNumber="28"pagination="272 - 276"refId="ref29177"refString="Semenova, T. N. (1974) Diurnal vertical migration of Parathemisto japonica Bov. (Hyperiidea) in the Sea of Japan. Oceanology, 14, 272 - 276."type="journal article"year="1974">Semenova (1974)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitationid="EFABDAF2EC6BFFEAFEDFFE44FE29FE78"author="Sheader, M."box="[264,443,444,470]"pageId="27"pageNumber="28"pagination="887 - 891"refId="ref29300"refString="Sheader, M. (1975) Factors influencing change in the phenotype of the planktonic amphipod Parathemisto gaudichaudi (Guerin). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 55, 887 - 891."type="journal article"year="1975">Sheader (1975</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitationid="EFABDAF2EC6BFFEAFE19FE44FD99FE78"author="Sheader, M."box="[462,523,444,470]"pageId="27"pageNumber="28"pagination="943 - 954"refId="ref29340"refString="Sheader, M. (1977) Breeding and marsupial development in laboratory - maintained Parathemisto gaudichaudi (Amphipoda). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 57, 943 - 954."type="journal article"year="1977">1977</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitationid="EFABDAF2EC6BFFEAFDC8FE44FDCEFE78"author="Sheader, M."box="[543,604,444,470]"pageId="27"pageNumber="28"pagination="769 - 787"refId="ref29378"refString="Sheader, M. (1981) Development and growth in laboratory - maintained and field populations of Parathemisto gaudichaudi (Hyperiidea: Amphipoda). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 61, 769 - 787."type="journal article"year="1981">1981</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitationid="EFABDAF2EC6BFFEAFDB8FE44FD3FFE78"author="Sheader, M."box="[623,685,444,470]"pageId="27"pageNumber="28"pagination="478 - 490"refId="ref29456"refString="Sheader, M. (1990) Morphological adaptations permitting resource partitioning in the predatory hyperiid Themisto (Amphipoda: Hyperiidea). In: Barnes, M. & Gibson, R. N. (Eds) Trophic Relationships in the Marine Environment. Aberdeen University Press, pp. 478 - 490."type="book chapter"year="1990">1990</bibRefCitation>
), Sheader and Evans (1975),
<bibRefCitationid="EFABDAF2EC6BFFEAFBFFFE44FECBFE50"author="Williams, R. & Robins, D."pageId="27"pageNumber="28"pagination="289 - 298"refId="ref31381"refString="Williams, R. & Robins, D. (1981) Seasonal variability in abundance and vertical distribution of Parathemisto gaudichaudi (Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) in the North East Atlantic Ocean. Marine Ecology, Progress Series, 4, 289 - 298."type="journal article"year="1981">Williams and Robins (1981)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EFABDAF2EC6BFFEAFDA9FE1CFCB6FE50"author="Hiroki, M."box="[638,804,484,510]"pageId="27"pageNumber="28"pagination="48 - 52"refId="ref26797"refString="Hiroki, M. (1988) Relation between diel vertical migration and locomotor activity of a marine hyperiidean amphipod, Themisto japonica (Bovallius). Journal of Crustacean Biology, 8 (1), 48 - 52."type="journal article"year="1988">Hiroki (1988)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitationid="EFABDAF2EC6BFFEAFCE5FE1CFC46FE50"author="Corey, S."box="[818,980,484,510]"pageId="27"pageNumber="28"pagination="291 - 308"refId="ref25450"refString="Corey, S. (1990) Distributional patterns of Amphipoda in the Bay of Fundy region, Canada. Crustaceana, 58 (3), 291 - 308."type="journal article"year="1990">Corey (1990)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitationid="EFABDAF2EC6BFFEAFC36FE1CFB48FE50"author="Semura, H. & Minoda, T. & Kawamura, A."box="[993,1242,484,510]"pageId="27"pageNumber="28"pagination="33 - 41"refId="ref29211"refString="Semura, H., Minoda, T. & Kawamura, A. (1991) Quantitative study on diagnostic characters of two pelagic amphipods Themisto japonica and T. pacifica along their growth. Bulletin of Plankton Society of Japan, 38 (1), 33 - 41. [In Japanese]."type="journal article"year="1991">
<bibRefCitationid="EFABDAF2EC6BFFEAFB3FFE1CFECBFD88"author="Percy, J. A."pageId="27"pageNumber="28"pagination="131 - 139"refId="ref28575"refString="Percy, J. A. (1993) Reproduction and growth of the Arctic hyperiid amphipod Themisto libellula Mandt. Polar Biology, 13, 131 - 139."type="journal article"year="1993">Percy (1993)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitationid="EFABDAF2EC6BFFEAFEB0FDF4FD3CFD88"author="Colombo, G. L. A. & Vinas, M. D."box="[359,686,524,550]"pageId="27"pageNumber="28"pagination="5 - 10"refId="ref25353"refString="Colombo, G. L. A. & Vinas, M. D. (1994) Relaciones peso seco-talla y volumen-talla en Themisto gaudichaudii, principal antipodo hiperido del mar epicontinental Argentino. Revista des Investigacion Desarrollo Pesquero, 9, 5 - 10."type="journal article"year="1994">Colombo and Vinas (1994)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitationid="EFABDAF2EC6BFFEAFD6BFDF4FC59FD88"author="Koszteyn, J. & Timofeev, S. & Weslawski J. M. & Malinga, B."box="[700,971,524,550]"pageId="27"pageNumber="28"pagination="85 - 92"refId="ref27164"refString="Koszteyn, J., Timofeev, S., Weslawski J. M. & Malinga, B. (1995) Size structure of Themisto abyssorum Boeck and Themisto libellula (Mandt) populations in European Arctic Seas. Polar Biology, 15, 85 - 92."type="journal article"year="1995">
<bibRefCitationid="EFABDAF2EC6BFFEAFC0EFDF4FAB8FD88"author="Condon, R. H. & Norman, M. D."box="[985,1322,524,550]"pageId="27"pageNumber="28"pagination="261 - 267"refId="ref25400"refString="Condon, R. H. & Norman, M. D. (1999) Commensal associations between the hyperiid amphipod, Themisto australis, and the scyphozoan jellyfish, Cyanea capillata. Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology, 32 (4), 261 - 267."type="journal article"year="1999">Condon and Norman (1999)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitationid="EFABDAF2EC6BFFEAFEEDFDCCFDB9FDE0"author="Vinogradov, G. M."box="[314,555,564,590]"pageId="27"pageNumber="28"pagination="465 - 467"refId="ref30894"refString="Vinogradov, G. M. (1999 b) Deep-sea near-bottom swarms of pelagic amphipods Themisto: observations from submersibles. Sarsia, 84, 465 - 467."type="journal article"year="1999">Vinogradov (1999b)</bibRefCitation>
has a bipolar distribution with species restricted to the colder waters of the Arctic and Antarctic regions and occasionally venturing into cooltemperature waters.
<keyLeadid="30CB0436EC6BFFEAFEDFFC97FABEFC27"box="[264,1324,879,905]"pageId="27"pageNumber="28">1. Pereopod 5 not longer than P6 or P7 ........................................................................... 2</keyLead>
<keyLeadid="30CB0436EC6BFFEAFEDFFC6FFABEFC1F"box="[264,1324,919,945]"pageId="27"pageNumber="28"> Pereopod 5 much longer than P6 or P7 ........................................................................ 5</keyLead>
2. Maxilliped without row of setae on distal margin of basal plate (arctic and subarctic of Atlantic) .............................................................................
<keyLeadid="30CB0436EC6BFFEAFEDFFBF7FAB9FB87"box="[264,1323,1039,1065]"pageId="27"pageNumber="28"> Maxilliped with row of setae on distal margin of basal plate ..................................... 3</keyLead>
<bibRefCitationid="EFABDAF2EC6BFFEAFBB9FBA7FAB0FBD7"author="Stebbing, T. R. R."box="[1134,1314,1119,1145]"pageId="27"pageNumber="28"pagination="1 - 1737"refId="ref30066"refString="Stebbing, T. R. R. (1888) Report on the Amphipoda collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 76 Zoology, 29, i - xxiv + 1 - 1737, pls 1 - 210."type="journal article"year="1888">Stebbing, 1888</bibRefCitation>
<keyLeadid="30CB0436EC6BFFEAFEDFFB7FFAB9FB67"pageId="27"pageNumber="28"> Pereopods 5 & 6; dactylus with setae at base. Antennae 1 of female straight, tapering (North Pacific) ............................................................................................................. 4</keyLead>
<bibRefCitationid="EFABDAF2EC6BFFEAFBB1FADFFAB0FAEF"author="Bovallius, C."box="[1126,1314,1319,1345]"pageId="27"pageNumber="28"pagination="1 - 50"refId="ref24219"refString="Bovallius, C. (1887) Systematical list of the Amphipoda Hyperiidea. Bihang till Kungliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 11 (16), 1 - 50."type="journal article"year="1887">Bovallius, 1887</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EFABDAF2EC6BFFEAFBB9FA67FAB0FA17"author="Stebbing, T. R. R."box="[1134,1314,1439,1465]"pageId="27"pageNumber="28"pagination="1 - 1737"refId="ref30066"refString="Stebbing, T. R. R. (1888) Report on the Amphipoda collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 76 Zoology, 29, i - xxiv + 1 - 1737, pls 1 - 210."type="journal article"year="1888">Stebbing, 1888</bibRefCitation>
5. Pereopod 7 usually longer than P6, but shorter than P5. Gnathopod 2; merus with relatively straight distal margin,anterodistal corner produced into small tooth(North Atlantic)
<bibRefCitationid="EFABDAF2EC6BFFEAFB72F9EFFAB8F99F"author="Goes, A. T."box="[1189,1322,1559,1585]"pageId="27"pageNumber="28"pagination="517 - 536"refId="ref26329"refString="Goes, A. T. (1865) Crustacea amphipoda maris Spetsbergiam alluentis cum speciebus aliis arcticis enumerat. Ofversigt af Kongelige Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar 1865, 8, 517 - 536, pls 36 - 41. (Reprint, pp. 1 - 20)."type="journal article"year="1865">Goës, 1865</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EFABDAF2EC6BFFEAFB5CF977FAB0F907"author="Mandt, M. A."box="[1163,1314,1679,1705]"pageId="27"pageNumber="28"refId="ref28127"refString="Mandt, M. A. (1822) Observationes in historium naturalem et anatomiam comparatum in itinere Groenlandico factae, Dissertatio inauguralis. Berlin, 40 pp."type="book"year="1822">Mandt, 1822</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EFABDAF2EC6BFFEAFB47F927FAB8F957"author="Guerin, F. E."box="[1168,1322,1759,1785]"pageId="27"pageNumber="28"refId="ref26438"refString="Guerin, F. E. (1825) Encyclopedie Methodique Histoire Naturelle. Entomologie, ou histoire naturelle des Crustaces, des Arachnides et des Insectes par M. Latreille. Tome 10. Paris."type="book"year="1825">Guérin, 1825</bibRefCitation>
