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<mods:title id="814B19E22E2861722AE7160DB3BC5756">Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="48B3FD79757ADED5102EC5C3C4F98A10">Al-Handal, Adil Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="04EF7BF106B2E937366EF4C9B34A696A">Pennesi, Chiara</mods:namePart>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9AF12CFF952F6FFF61F498FD39FB47" author="Cleve, P. T." box="[136,727,1204,1229]" page=")" pageId="15" pageNumber="126" year="1894">
<taxonomicName id="4C3BACBEFF952F6FFF61F498FD39FB47" authority="(Schmidt) Cleve (1894: 91)" authorityName="Cleve" authorityPageNumber="91" authorityYear="1894" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" box="[136,727,1204,1229]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Diploneidaceae" genus="Diploneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="15" pageNumber="126" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="weissflogii">
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF952F6FFF61F498FF18FB47" bold="true" box="[136,246,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="126">Diploneis</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF952F6FFEC8F498FE74FB47" bold="true" box="[289,410,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="126">weissflogii</emphasis>
(Schmidt) 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFF952F6FFDF0F498FD39FB47" author="Cleve, P. T." box="[537,727,1204,1229]" pageId="15" pageNumber="126" pagination="1 - 194" refId="ref22704" refString="Cleve, P. T. (1894) Synopsis of the Naviculoid Diatoms, Part I. Kongliga Svenska-Vetenskaps Akademiens Handlingar 26: 1 - 194." type="journal article" year="1894">Cleve (1894: 91)</bibRefCitation>
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(
<figureCitation id="1300CBB8FF952F6FFD0CF498FC8BFB47" box="[741,869,1204,1229]" captionStart="FIGURES 38–51" captionStartId="14.[136,243,1993,2014]" captionTargetBox="[213,1396,200,1968]" captionTargetId="figure-17@14.[189,1399,190,1968]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 38–51. Marine benthic diatoms in coral reefs off Basra. Fig. 38. Diploneis gemmatula, Fig. 39. Diploneis nitescens, Fig. 40. Diploneis smithii, Figs 41, 42. Diploneis weissflogii, Fig, 43. Diploneis sp., Fig. 44. Navicula arenaria, Fig. 45. Navicula cancellata, Figs 46–48. Navicula carinifera, Fig. 49. Navicula cf. cincta, Fig. 50. Navicula directa, Fig. 51. Navicula distans." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13728832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13728832/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="126">Figs 41, 42</figureCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="8B84D73DFF952F6FFF61F4F6FC2DFA99" blockId="15.[136,1452,1242,1299]" pageId="15" pageNumber="126">
References: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFF952F6FFF16F4F6FDCAFB65" author="Podzorski, A. C. &amp; Hakansson, H." box="[255,548,1242,1263]" pageId="15" pageNumber="126" pagination="1 - 245" refId="ref26353" refString="Podzorski, A. C. &amp; Hakansson, H. (1987) Freshwater and marine diatoms from Palawan (Philippine Island). Bibliotheca Diatomologica 13: 1 - 245." type="journal article" year="1987">Podzorski &amp; Håkansson, 1987</bibRefCitation>
, p. 61, pl. 21, figs 6, 7; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFF952F6FFCEDF4F6FC0EFB65" author="Witkowski, A. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D." box="[772,992,1242,1263]" pageId="15" pageNumber="126" pagination="1 - 925" refId="ref27775" refString="Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom Flora of Marine Coasts Iconographia Diatomologica 7: 1 - 925." type="book chapter" year="2000">
Witkowski 
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF952F6FFC9BF4F6FC4DFB65" box="[882,931,1242,1263]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="126">et al.</emphasis>
, 2000
</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 92, figs 4, 5; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFF952F6FFB6CF4F6FAC9FB65" author="Hein, M. K. &amp; Winsborough, B. M. &amp; Sullivan, M. J." box="[1157,1319,1242,1263]" pageId="15" pageNumber="126" pagination="1 - 303" refId="ref24413" refString="Hein, M. K., Winsborough, B. M. &amp; Sullivan, M. J. (2008) Bacillariophyta (diatoms) of the Bahamas. Iconographia Diatomologica 19: 1 - 303." type="journal article" year="2008">
Hein 
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF952F6FFB50F4F6FB04FB65" box="[1209,1258,1242,1263]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="126">et al.</emphasis>
, 2008
</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 27, fig. 9; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFF952F6FFF54F4D2FE9BFA99" author="Lobban, C. S. &amp; Schefter, M. &amp; Jordan, R. W. &amp; Arai, Y. &amp; Sasaki, A. &amp; Theriot, E. C. &amp; Ashworth, M. &amp; Ruck, E. C. &amp; Pennesi, C." box="[189,373,1278,1299]" pageId="15" pageNumber="126" pagination="237 - 479" refId="ref25612" refString="Lobban, C. S., Schefter, M., Jordan, R. W., Arai, Y., Sasaki, A., Theriot, E. C., Ashworth, M., Ruck, E. C. &amp; Pennesi, C. (2012) Coral-reef diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from Guam: new records and preliminary checklist, with emphasis on epiphytic species from farmerfishterritories. Micronesica 43: 237 - 479." type="journal article" year="2012">
Lobban 
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF952F6FFEE4F4D2FED0FA99" box="[269,318,1278,1299]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="126">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 46, figs 5–7; Pennesi 
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF952F6FFD84F4D2FD70FA99" box="[621,670,1278,1299]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="126">et al.</emphasis>
2017, p. 209, figs 58–65, 107.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF952F6FFF61F568FF04FAD7" box="[136,234,1348,1373]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="126">Features</emphasis>
: Length 34–81 μm, width 12–24 μm, striae 
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10 μm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32184B6FF952F6FFF54F544FCAEF9F7" pageId="15" pageNumber="126" type="description">
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<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF952F6FFF54F544FEAFFA0B" box="[189,321,1384,1409]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="126">Description</emphasis>
: Valves panduriform with rounded apices. Raphe branches straight, ending centrally in simple pores. Valve center with small nodule and three parallel transapical striae on each side. Axial area narrow, longitudinal canals linear. Transapical striae radiate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84D73DFF952F6FFF54F5F8FBABF9BF" blockId="15.[136,1452,1348,1661]" pageId="15" pageNumber="126">
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF952F6FFF54F5F8FEF1FA67" box="[189,287,1492,1517]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="126">Remarks</emphasis>
: Our specimens show the typical areolae and central nodule that occur in 
<taxonomicName id="4C3BACBEFF952F6FFBA6F5F8FB07FA67" authorityName="Cleve" authorityYear="1894" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" box="[1103,1257,1492,1517]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Diploneidaceae" genus="Diploneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="15" pageNumber="126" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="weissflogii">
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF952F6FFBA6F5F8FB8DFA67" box="[1103,1123,1492,1517]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="126">D</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF952F6FFB98F5F8FB07FA67" box="[1137,1257,1492,1517]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="126">weissflogii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but exhibit three parallel transapical striae on each side of the central nodule which are not commonly found in this species. Most of the observed specimens appeared with one half of the valve slightly larger than the other.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF952F6FFF54F66CFE0AF9D3" box="[189,484,1600,1625]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="126">Ecology and Distribution:</emphasis>
Widely distributed in all warm water coasts. Previously known from the Gulf (Hendy 1970, Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Common in 
<collectingRegion id="49FF19DFFF952F6FFD5EF648FD19F9F7" box="[695,759,1636,1661]" country="Iraq" name="Al Basrah" pageId="15" pageNumber="126">Basra</collectingRegion>
corals
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