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<mods:title id="A72A38321C98EBC99FEB5AB0013025D6">Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="08DEF5C668C58158772CDCE8640AB25F">Al-Handal, Adil Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="91B41F3EF4C25B0D80DAE613149CB484">Pennesi, Chiara</mods:namePart>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9AF12CFF8B2F71FF61F304FCFFFCCB" author="Cleve, P. T." box="[136,785,808,833]" page=")" pageId="17" pageNumber="128" year="1895">
<taxonomicName id="4C3BACBEFF8B2F71FF61F304FCFFFCCB" ID-CoL="7LXTW" authority="(Grunow) Cleve (1895: 28)" authorityName="Cleve" authorityPageNumber="28" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="Grunow" box="[136,785,808,833]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Navicula" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="17" pageNumber="128" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="variety" species="kariana" variety="frigida">
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF8B2F71FF61F304FEBFFCCB" bold="true" box="[136,337,808,833]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">Navicula kariana</emphasis>
var. 
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(Grunow) 
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(
<figureCitation id="1300CBB8FF8B2F71FCC9F304FC9FFCCB" box="[800,881,808,833]" captionStart="FIGURES 52–61" captionStartId="18.[136,243,1957,1978]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,190,1932]" captionTargetId="figure-17@18.[201,1386,190,1932]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 52–61. Marine benthic diatoms in coral reefs off Basra. Fig. 51. Navicula distans., Fig. 52. Navicula kariana var. frigida, Fig.53. Navicula transistantioides, Fig.54. Navicula sp., Fig. 55.Seminavis sp., Fig.56.Trachyneis antillarum, Fig.57.Trachyneis aspera, Fig. 58. Trachyneis clepsydra, Fig. 59. Trachyneis debyi, Fig. 60. Tracyneis velata, Fig. 61. Donkinia carinata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13728834" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13728834/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="8B84D73DFF8B2F71FF61F362FAE9FCE9" blockId="17.[136,1287,846,867]" box="[136,1287,846,867]" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF8B2F71FF61F362FF1EFCE9" box="[136,240,846,867]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">References</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFF8B2F71FF14F362FE0BFCE9" author="Poulin, M. &amp; Cardinal, A." box="[253,485,846,867]" pageId="17" pageNumber="128" pagination="1263 - 1278" refId="ref26444" refString="Poulin, M. &amp; Cardinal, A. (1982) Sea ice diatoms from Manitounuk Sound, southeastern Hudson Bay (Quebec, Canada). I. Family Naviculaceae. Canadian Journal of Botany 60: 1263 - 1278. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / b 82 - 343" type="journal article" year="1982">Poulin &amp; Cardinal 1982</bibRefCitation>
, p. 283, fig. 33; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFF8B2F71FD6BF362FCB6FCE9" author="Witkowski, A. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D." box="[642,856,846,867]" pageId="17" pageNumber="128" pagination="1 - 925" refId="ref27775" refString="Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom Flora of Marine Coasts Iconographia Diatomologica 7: 1 - 925." type="book chapter" year="2000">
Witkowski 
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF8B2F71FD19F362FCCFFCE9" box="[752,801,846,867]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 285, pl. 132, fig. 11–14, pl. 133, fig. 5–9.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF8B2F71FF61F3B8FF04FC27" box="[136,234,916,941]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">Features</emphasis>
: Length 60–72 μm, width 23–24 μm, striae 
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10 μm.
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<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF8B2F71FF54F394FEAFFC5B" box="[189,321,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">Description</emphasis>
: Valves lanceolate with sub-rostrate apices. Raphe branches straight, ending centrally in expanded pores. Axial area narrow, central area very small, rounded. Transapical striae parallel throughout.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF8B2F71FF54F42CFEF1FB93" box="[189,287,1024,1049]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">Remarks</emphasis>
: Observed specimens are slightly larger than those reported by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFF8B2F71FC01F42CFB18FB93" author="Witkowski, A. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D." box="[1000,1270,1024,1049]" pageId="17" pageNumber="128" pagination="1 - 925" refId="ref27775" refString="Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom Flora of Marine Coasts Iconographia Diatomologica 7: 1 - 925." type="book chapter" year="2000">
Witkowski 
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF8B2F71FB80F42CFB4FFB93" box="[1129,1185,1024,1049]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">et al.</emphasis>
(2000)
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.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF8B2F71FF54F408FE0FFBB7" box="[189,481,1060,1085]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">Ecology and Distribution:</emphasis>
This is a cold water species and has not been reported earlier from warm waters, mostly occurs in the Arctic Ocean but also found in Britain (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFF8B2F71FD02F464FC20FBEB" author="Whitton, B. A. &amp; John, D. M. &amp; Kelly, M. G. &amp; Haworth, E. Y." box="[747,974,1096,1121]" pageId="17" pageNumber="128" pagination="387 - 455" refId="ref27637" refString="Whitton, B. A., John, D. M., Kelly, M. G. &amp; Haworth, E. Y. (2003) A coded list of freshwater algae of the British Isles. NERC, LOIS Publication Number 222. Institute of Hydrology. Wachnicka, A. &amp; Gaiser, E. (2007) Species of Amphora and Seminavis from South Florida, USA. Diatom Research 22: 387 - 455." type="journal article" year="2003">
Whitton 
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF8B2F71FCB8F464FC65FBEB" box="[849,907,1096,1121]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">et al.</emphasis>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
) and in 
<collectingCountry id="F32C97ADFF8B2F71FBC7F464FB6CFBEB" box="[1070,1154,1096,1121]" name="Canada" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">Canada</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFF8B2F71FB7BF464FA83FBEB" author="Mather, L. &amp; MacIntosh, K. &amp; Kaczmarska, I. &amp; Klein, G. &amp; Martin, J. L." box="[1170,1389,1096,1121]" pageId="17" pageNumber="128" pagination="1 - 78" refId="ref25881" refString="Mather, L., MacIntosh, K., Kaczmarska, I., Klein, G. &amp; Martin, J. L. (2010) A checklist of diatom species reported (and presumed native) from Canadian coastal waters. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2881: 1 - 78." type="journal article" year="2010">
Mather 
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF8B2F71FB07F464FAC6FBEB" box="[1262,1320,1096,1121]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="128">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
). Not reported previously from the Gulf. Rare in Basra corals.
</paragraph>
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